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Roser LA, Sakellariou C, Lindstedt M, Neuhaus V, Dehmel S, Sommer C, Raasch M, Flandre T, Roesener S, Hewitt P, Parnham MJ, Sewald K, Schiffmann S. IL-2-mediated hepatotoxicity: knowledge gap identification based on the irAOP concept. J Immunotoxicol 2024; 21:2332177. [PMID: 38578203 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2024.2332177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity constitutes a major reason for non-approval and post-marketing withdrawal of pharmaceuticals. In many cases, preclinical models lack predictive capacity for hepatic damage in humans. A vital concern is the integration of immune system effects in preclinical safety assessment. The immune-related Adverse Outcome Pathway (irAOP) approach, which is applied within the Immune Safety Avatar (imSAVAR) consortium, presents a novel method to understand and predict immune-mediated adverse events elicited by pharmaceuticals and thus targets this issue. It aims to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved and identify key players in drug-induced side effects. As irAOPs are still in their infancy, there is a need for a model irAOP to validate the suitability of this tool. For this purpose, we developed a hepatotoxicity-based model irAOP for recombinant human IL-2 (aldesleukin). Besides producing durable therapeutic responses against renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma, the boosted immune activation upon IL-2 treatment elicits liver damage. The availability of extensive data regarding IL-2 allows both the generation of a comprehensive putative irAOP and to validate the predictability of the irAOP with clinical data. Moreover, IL-2, as one of the first cancer immunotherapeutics on the market, is a blueprint for various biological and novel treatment regimens that are under investigation today. This review provides a guideline for further irAOP-directed research in immune-mediated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise A Roser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Neuhaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Charline Sommer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thierry Flandre
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sigrid Roesener
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philip Hewitt
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
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Hurrell BP, Howard E, Galle-Treger L, Helou DG, Shafiei-Jahani P, Painter JD, Akbari O. Distinct Roles of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 on ILC2s Control Lung Infiltration, Effector Functions, and Development of Airway Hyperreactivity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:542818. [PMID: 33193309 PMCID: PMC7662114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.542818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous airway inflammatory disease characterized by increased airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to specific and unspecific stimuli. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2)s are type-2 cytokine secreting cells capable of inducing eosinophilic lung inflammation and AHR independent of adaptive immunity. Remarkably, reports show that ILC2s are increased in the blood of human asthmatics as compared to healthy donors. Nevertheless, whether ILC2 expression of adhesion molecules regulates ILC2 trafficking remains unknown. Our results show that IL-33-activated ILC2s not only express LFA-1 but also strikingly LFA-1 ligand ICAM-1. Both LFA-1-/- and ICAM-1-/- mice developed attenuated AHR in response to IL-33 intranasal challenge, associated with a lower airway inflammation and less lung ILC2 accumulation compared to controls. Our mixed bone marrow chimera studies however revealed that ILC2 expression of LFA-1 - but not ICAM-1 - was required for their accumulation in the inflamed lungs. Importantly, we found that LFA-1 remarkably controlled ILC2 homing to the lungs, suggesting that LFA-1 is involved in ILC2 trafficking to the lungs. Our exploratory transcriptomic analysis further revealed that ICAM-1 deficiency on ILC2s significantly affects their effector functions. While it downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Il5, Il9, Il13, and Csf2, it however notably also upregulated cytokines including Il10 both at the transcriptomic and protein levels. These findings provide novel avenues for future investigations, as modulation of LFA-1 and/or ICAM-1 represents an unappreciated regulatory mechanism for ILC2 trafficking and cytokine production respectively, potentially serving as therapeutic target for ILC2-dependent diseases such as allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Hurrell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily Howard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauriane Galle-Treger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Doumet Georges Helou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pedram Shafiei-Jahani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Sanchez JJ, Sanchez JE, Noor S, Ruffaner-Hanson CD, Davies S, Wagner CR, Jantzie LL, Mellios N, Savage DD, Milligan ED. Targeting the β2-integrin LFA-1, reduces adverse neuroimmune actions in neuropathic susceptibility caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:54. [PMID: 30961664 PMCID: PMC6454692 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) was shown to be a risk factor for peripheral neuropathy following minor nerve injury. This effect coincides with elevated spinal cord astrocyte activation and ex vivo immune cell reactivity assessed by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) -1β protein expression. Additionally, the β2-integrin adhesion molecule, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), a factor that influences the expression of the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine network is upregulated. Here, we examine whether PAE increases the proinflammatory immune environment at specific anatomical sites critical in the pain pathway of chronic sciatic neuropathy; the damaged sciatic nerve (SCN), the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and the spinal cord. Additionally, we examine whether inhibiting LFA-1 or IL-1β actions in the spinal cord (intrathecal; i.t., route) could alleviate chronic neuropathic pain and reduce spinal and DRG glial activation markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and elevate anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results show that blocking the actions of spinal LFA-1 using BIRT-377 abolishes allodynia in PAE rats with sciatic neuropathy (CCI) of a 10 or 28-day duration. This effect is observed (utilizing immunohistochemistry; IHC, with microscopy analysis and protein quantification) in parallel with reduced spinal glial activation, IL-1β and TNFα expression. DRG from PAE rats with neuropathy reveal significant increases in satellite glial activation and IL-1β, while IL-10 immunoreactivity is reduced by half in PAE rats under basal and neuropathic conditions. Further, blocking spinal IL-1β with i.t. IL-1RA transiently abolishes allodynia in PAE rats, suggesting that IL-1β is in part, necessary for the susceptibility of adult-onset peripheral neuropathy caused by PAE. Chemokine mRNA analyses from SCN, DRG and spinal cord reveal that increased CCL2 occurs following CCI injury regardless of PAE and BIRT-377 treatment. These data demonstrate that PAE creates dysregulated proinflammatory IL-1β and TNFα /IL-10 responses to minor injury in the sciatic-DRG-spinal pain pathway. PAE creates a risk for developing peripheral neuropathies, and LFA-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for controlling dysregulated neuroimmune actions as a consequence of PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Jacob E. Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Shahani Noor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Chaselyn D. Ruffaner-Hanson
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Suzy Davies
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Daniel D. Savage
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Erin D. Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
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Abstract
Stromal cells like synovial fibroblasts gained great interest over the years, since it has become clear that they strongly influence their environment and neighbouring cells. The current review describes the role of synovial fibroblasts as cells of the innate immune system and expands on their involvement in inflammation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Furthermore, epigenetic changes in RA synovial fibroblasts and studies that focused on the identification of different subsets of synovial fibroblasts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ospelt
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Svedova J, Ménoret A, Mittal P, Ryan JM, Buturla JA, Vella AT. Therapeutic blockade of CD54 attenuates pulmonary barrier damage in T cell-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L177-L191. [PMID: 28473322 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00050.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious, often fatal condition without available pharmacotherapy. Although the role of innate cells in ARDS has been studied extensively, emerging evidence suggests that T cells may be involved in disease etiology. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins are potent T-cell mitogens capable of triggering life-threatening shock. We demonstrate that 2 days after inhalation of S. aureus enterotoxin A, mice developed T cell-mediated increases in vascular permeability, as well as expression of injury markers and caspases in the lung. Pulmonary endothelial cells underwent sequential phenotypic changes marked by rapid activation coinciding with inflammatory events secondary to T-cell priming, followed by reductions in endothelial cell number juxtaposing simultaneous T-cell expansion and cytotoxic differentiation. Although initial T-cell activation influenced the extent of lung injury, CD54 (ICAM-1) blocking antibody administered well after enterotoxin exposure substantially attenuated pulmonary barrier damage. Thus CD54-targeted therapy may be a promising candidate for further exploration into its potential utility in treating ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Svedova
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; and
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Joseph M Ryan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - James A Buturla
- Department of Internal Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut;
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Pylaeva E, Lang S, Jablonska J. The Essential Role of Type I Interferons in Differentiation and Activation of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2016; 7:629. [PMID: 28066438 PMCID: PMC5174087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) were first characterized in the process of viral interference. However, since then, IFNs are found to be involved in a wide range of biological processes. In the mouse, type I IFNs comprise a large family of cytokines. At least 12 IFN-α and one IFN-β can be found and they all signal through the same receptor (IFNAR). A hierarchy of expression has been established for type I IFNs, where IFN-β is induced first and it activates in a paracrine and autocrine fashion a cascade of other type I IFNs. Besides its importance in the induction of the IFN cascade, IFN-β is also constitutively expressed in low amounts under normal non-inflammatory conditions, thus facilitating "primed" state of the immune system. In the context of cancer, type I IFNs show strong antitumor function as they play a key role in mounting antitumor immune responses through the modulation of neutrophil differentiation, activation, and migration. Owing to their plasticity, neutrophils play diverse roles during cancer development and metastasis since they possess both tumor-promoting (N2) and tumor-limiting (N1) properties. Notably, the differentiation into antitumor phenotype is strongly supported by type I IFNs. It could also be shown that these cytokines are critical for the suppression of neutrophil migration into tumor and metastasis site by regulating chemokine receptors, e.g., CXCR2 on these cells and by influencing their longevity. Type I IFNs limit the life span of neutrophils by influencing both, the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Such antitumor neutrophils efficiently suppress the pro-angiogenic factors expression, e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metallopeptidase 9. This in turn restricts tumor vascularization and growth. Thus, type I IFNs appear to be the part of the natural tumor surveillance mechanism. Here we provide an up to date review of how type I IFNs influence the pro- and antitumor properties of neutrophils. Understanding these mechanisms is particularly important from a therapeutic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
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7
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Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder associated with inflammation of the lacrimal gland and ocular surface. The interaction of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with its cognate ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is known to have important roles in the interaction of a variety of cells involved in immune responses and inflammation, including those prominent in ocular surface inflammation. Lifitegrast, an LFA-1 antagonist that blocks binding of ICAM-1 to LFA-1, has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of signs and symptoms of DED. In this review, we evaluate research findings to explore the potential role of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction in the pathophysiology of DED, and the evidence supporting LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction as a rational therapeutic target in DED. The results of our review suggest that LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction may play important roles in the cell-mediated immune response and inflammation associated with DED, including facilitating the homing of dendritic cells to the lymph nodes, interaction of dendritic cells with T cells and subsequent T cell activation/differentiation, migration of activated CD4+ T cells from the lymph nodes to the ocular surface, reactivation of T cells by resident antigen-presenting cells at the ocular surface, and recruitment and retention of LFA-1-expressing T cells in the conjunctival epithelium. Based on the available evidence, inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction represents a rational targeted approach in treating DED. Notably, inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1 binding with lifitegrast offers a novel approach to reducing ocular surface inflammation in this condition.
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Andzinski L, Kasnitz N, Stahnke S, Wu CF, Gereke M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Schilling B, Brandau S, Weiss S, Jablonska J. Type IIFNs induce anti-tumor polarization of tumor associated neutrophils in mice and human. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1982-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Andzinski
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Nadine Kasnitz
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Stephanie Stahnke
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ching-Fang Wu
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI; Braunschweig Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology; E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Marcus Gereke
- Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI; Braunschweig Germany
- Infection Immunology, Institute for Medical Microbiology; Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
| | | | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI; Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI; Braunschweig Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II; University Hospital, University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
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Dauwalder O, Pachot A, Cazalis MA, Paye M, Faudot C, Badiou C, Mougin B, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Lina G, Monneret G. Early kinetics of the transcriptional response of human leukocytes to staphylococcal superantigenic enterotoxins A and G. Microb Pathog 2009; 47:171-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Peters T, Weiss JM, Sindrilaru A, Wang H, Oreshkova T, Wlaschek M, Maity P, Reimann J, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Reactive oxygen intermediate-induced pathomechanisms contribute to immunosenescence, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:564-87. [PMID: 19632262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) resulting in either too high or too low concentrations are commonly recognized to be at least in part responsible for many changes associated with aging. This article reviews ROI-dependent mechanisms critically contributing to the decline of immune function during physiologic - or premature - aging. While ROI serve important effector functions in cellular metabolism, signalling and host defence, their fine-tuned generation declines over time, and ROI-mediated damage to several cellular components and/or signalling deviations become increasingly prevalent. Although distinct ROI-associated pathomechanisms contribute to immunosenescence of the innate and adaptive immune system, mutual amplification of dysfunctions may often result in hyporesponsiveness and immunodeficiency, or in chronic inflammation with hyperresponsiveness/deregulation, or both. In this context, we point out how imbalanced ROI contribute ambiguously to driving immunosenescence, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Although ROI may offer a distinct potential for therapeutic targeting along with the charming opportunity to rescue from deleterious processes of aging and chronic inflammatory diseases, such modifications, owing to the complexity of metabolic interactions, may carry a marked risk of unforeseen side effects.
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Tran CN, Lundy SK, White PT, Endres JL, Motyl CD, Gupta R, Wilke CM, Shelden EA, Chung KC, Urquhart AG, Fox DA. Molecular interactions between T cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes: role of membrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha on cytokine-activated T cells. Am J Pathol 2007; 171:1588-98. [PMID: 17823284 PMCID: PMC2043519 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) transformation into an inflammatory phenotype in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not fully understood. FLS interactions with invading leukocytes, particularly T cells, are thought to be a critical component of this pathological process. Resting T cells and T cells activated through the T-cell receptor have previously been shown to induce inflammatory cytokine production by FLS. More recently, a distinct population of T cells has been identified in RA synovium that phenotypically resembles cytokine-activated T (Tck) cells. Using time lapse microscopy, the interactions of resting, superantigen-activated, and cytokine-activated T cells with FLS were visualized. Rapid and robust adhesion of Tck and superantigen-activated T cells to FLS was observed that resulted in flattening of the T cells and a crawling movement on the FLS surface. Tck also readily activated FLS to produce interleukin IL-6 and IL-8 in a cell contact-dependent manner that was enhanced by exogenous IL-17. Although LFA-1 and ICAM-1 co-localized at the Tck-FLS synapse, blocking the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction did not substantially inhibit Tck effector function. However, antibody blocking of membrane tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on the Tck surface did inhibit FLS cytokine production, thus illustrating a novel mechanism for involvement of TNF-alpha in cell-cell interactions in RA synovium and for the effectiveness of TNF-alpha blockade in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh N Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rheumatic Disease Core Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Anderson ME, Siahaan TJ. Mechanism of binding and internalization of ICAM-1-derived cyclic peptides by LFA-1 on the surface of T cells: a potential method for targeted drug delivery. Pharm Res 2004; 20:1523-32. [PMID: 14620502 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026188212126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peptides derived from the Domain 1 of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1(1-21) are being developed as targeting ligands for LFA-1 receptors expressed on activated T cells. This work aims to elucidate the binding and internalization of ICAM-1-derived cyclic peptides (cIBL, cIBC, and cIBR) to LFA-1. METHODS Ninety-six-well plates coated with soluble LFA-1 (sLFA-1) were used to characterize the binding of FITC-labeled peptide. An anti-CD11a antibody to the I-domain of LFA-1 was used to inhibit the binding of these peptides, which was quantified using a fluorescence plate reader. An unrelated FITC-labeled cyclic peptide was used as a negative control, and PE-labeled anti-CD11a antibodies (PE-R3.2 and PE-R7.1) were used as positive controls. Peptide binding to cell surface LFA-1 was visualized using colocalization of FITC-cIBR peptide and PE-labeled anti-CD18 antibody (LFA-1 beta-subunit) on SKW-3 T cells by fluorescent microscopy. Inhibition of ICAM-1 binding to LFA-1 by peptides was evaluated using a Biacore assay. Binding and internalization of FITC-labeled peptides were evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. RESULTS These FITC-labeled cyclic peptides bind to sLFA-1 and can be blocked by an anti-CD11a antibody to the I-domain, suggesting that their binding site is on the I-domain of LFA-1. The FITC-cIBR peptide was localized with an anti-CD18 antibody on the surface of T cells, indicating that the FITC-cIBR peptide binds to LFA-1 on the cell surface. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated that FITC-labeled peptides were internalized in a temperature-dependent manner. Biacore analysis demonstrated that these peptides did not inhibit sICAM-1 from binding to immobilized sLFA-1. However, the binding properties of the soluble forms of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 may not correlate to their interaction at the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS Cyclic ICAM-1-derived peptides (cIBL, cIBC, and cIBR) bind to the I-domain of LFA-1 and are internalized by LFA-1 receptors on the surface of T cells. Therefore, these peptides could be used to target and deliver drugs to the cytoplasmic domain of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Simons Research Laboratories, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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13
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Abstract
This review describes the role of modulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)/leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) interaction in controlling autoimmune diseases or inducing immunotolerance. ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction is essential for T-cell activation as well as for migration of T-cells to target tissues. This interaction also functions, along with Signal-1, as a co-stimulatory signal (Signal-2) for T-cell activation, which is delivered by the T-cell receptors (TCR)-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide complex. Therefore, blocking ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction can suppress T-cell activation in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. Many types of inhibitors (i.e. antibodies, peptides, small molecules) have been developed to block ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions, and some of these molecules have reached clinical trials. Peptides derived from ICAM-1 and LFA-1 sequences have been shown to inhibit T-cell adhesion and activation. In addition, these inhibitors have been useful in elucidating the mechanism of ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction. Besides binding to LFA-1, the ICAM-1 peptide can be internalized by LFA-1 receptors into the cytoplasmic domain of T-cells. Therefore, this ICAM-1 peptide can be utilized to selectively target toxic drugs to T-cells, thus avoiding harmful side effects. Finally, bi-functional inhibitory peptide (BPI), which is made by conjugating the antigenic peptide and an LFA-1 peptide, can alter the T-cell commitment from T-helper-1 (Th1) to T-helper-2 (Th2)-like cells, suggesting that this peptide may have a role in blocking the formation of the "immunological synapse."
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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14
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Kaneko T, Clark RSJ, Ohi N, Kawahara T, Akamatsu H, Ozaki F, Kamada A, Okano K, Yokohama H, Muramoto K, Ohkuro M, Takenaka O, Kobayashi S. Inhibitors of adhesion molecules expression; the synthesis and pharmacological properties of 10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:922-9. [PMID: 12130850 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During a search for novel, orally-active inhibitors of upregulation of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), we found a new series of 10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives to be potent ICAM-1 inhibitors. Of these compounds, N-[1-(10H-Pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazin-8-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-N',N'-dimethylsulfamide 7p showed the potent oral inhibitory activities against neutrophil migration in a murine interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced paw inflammation model. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of these amide derivatives are described.
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15
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Dorling A, Jordan W, Brookes P, Delikouras A, Lechler RI. "Accomodated" pig endothelial cells promote nitric oxide-dependent Th-2 cytokine responses from human T cells. Transplantation 2001; 72:1597-602. [PMID: 11726817 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200111270-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac and renal allo- and xenografts can become naturally resistant to vascular rejection. Understanding this process of "accommodation" would enhance our understanding of vascular inflammatory responses and have implications for immune manipulation and tolerance induction. A feature of these grafts is infiltration by leukocytes secreting a Th-2 pattern of cytokines. METHODS HLA-DR-1-transfected, immortalized porcine endothelial cells (IPEC) were incubated with polyclonal human immunoglobulin G (IgG) for 6 days before incubation with purified human CD4+ T cells. RESULTS IgG-incubated IPEC stimulated a normal proliferative response from alloreactive T cells. However, interferon (IFN)-gamma levels were significantly reduced, whereas interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 were maintained at levels equivalent to those stimulated by control IPEC. Cognate interaction between T cells and IPEC was not required for this effect, because IgG-incubated, MHC-class II-negative IPEC caused reduced IFN-gamma secretion during a response to human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells. Experiments with the nitric oxide (NO) donor, (z)-1-2-[2-Aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA-NO), and the NO synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine.monoacetate (L-NMMA), showed that NO released by the IgG-incubated IPEC was actively involved in the development of this phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a novel, IgG-mediated, NO-dependent mechanism by which endothelial cells (EC) influence T cell responsiveness and that the Th-2 cytokine skewing seen in "accommodated" grafts may be a secondary phenomenon, resulting from the T-EC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dorling
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN United Kingdom.
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16
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Gaglia JL, Mattoo A, Greenfield EA, Freeman GJ, Kuchroo VK. Characterization of endogenous Chinese hamster ovary cell surface molecules that mediate T cell costimulation. Cell Immunol 2001; 213:83-93. [PMID: 11831870 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are commonly used in the generation of transfectants for use in in vitro costimulation assays. However, we have noted that nontransfected CHO cells can themselves provide a low-level B7/CD28 independent costimulatory signal for CD3-mediated murine T cell activation and IL-2 production. This study set out to identify those molecules that contribute to this CHO-dependent costimulatory activity. We describe a CHO subline capable of delivering potent CD28-independent costimulation to murine T cells and the generation of monoclonal antibodies against these CHO cells that inhibited this costimulatory activity. These blocking antibodies do not affect CHO cell-independent costimulation or bind mouse cells, suggesting an effect mediated by their target molecules on the costimulatory competent CHO cells. Immunoprecipitation and expression cloning revealed that these antibodies bound the hamster homologues of Crry (CD21/35), CD44, CD54 (ICAM-1), CD63, CD87, CD147, and an 80- to 90-kDa protein which could not be cloned. Expression of these hamster genes on COS cells demonstrated that hamster CD54 was able to costimulate both CD3-mediated IL-2 secretion and T cell proliferation by naive murine T cells independent of the other molecules identified.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- CHO Cells
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cricetinae
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/analysis
- Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Complement/analysis
- Receptors, Complement/immunology
- Receptors, Complement 3b
- Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tetraspanin 30
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gaglia
- Center For Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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17
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Abstract
Induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance is an important phenomenon for the control of homeostasis in the immune system. There is now compelling evidence for CD4(+) T cells that prevent immune pathology, both in autoimmunity and in transplantation. However, the mechanisms involved in the specific differentiation of these T cells are unknown. We had previously shown that repetitive stimulations of naive T cells in the presence of IL-10 induce the differentiation of T regulatory cells 1. We further dissected the mechanism of IL-10 function and demonstrated that IL-10 acts by the down-regulation of most costimulatory molecules without modifying the expression of CD58. Using artificial APCs expressing various costimulatory molecules, we demonstrated that, in contrast to other costimulation patterns, costimulation via CD2 alone, in the absence of costimulations through CD28- or LFA-1, induced T cell anergy in an IL-10-independent pathway along with the differentiation of Ag-specific regulatory T cells. T regulatory cell-1 differentiation via CD2 was very efficient as both high IL-10 secretion and regulatory function were observed after the first stimulation of naive T cells with CD32-CD58 L cells. The possibility to rapidly induce the differentiation of Ag-specific regulatory T cells will certainly accelerate their characterization and their potential use as regulators of T cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wakkach
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 343, Hopital de l'Archet, Nice, France
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS postulated to be a Th1 type cell-mediated autoimmune disease. There is increased interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) secretion in MS, and IFNgamma administration induces exacerbations of disease. IFNgamma expression is closely regulated by a number of cytokines produced by different cells of the immune system. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a major factor leading to Th1-type responses, including IFNgamma secretion, and there is increased secretion of IL-12 in MS. IL-10 is a potent inhibitor of both IL-12 and IFNgamma expression. METHODS The authors investigated cytokine production and proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with soluble anti-CD3 in healthy controls and patients with stable relapsing-remitting MS or progressive MS. RESULTS The authors found that T cell receptor-mediated IFNgamma and IL-10 secretion were increased in progressive MS, whereas IL-4 and IL-2 secretion and lymphocyte proliferative responses were normal. Anti-IL-12 antibody suppressed raised IFNgamma in progressive MS but did not affect raised IL-10. In addition, neutralization of endogenous IL-10 upregulated IFNgamma in controls but not progressive MS. IL-10 was produced by CD4+ cells whereas IFNgamma was produced by both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. There were no differences in IL-10 receptor expression in MS patients. CONCLUSIONS These abnormalities in IL-10 regulation were not seen in the relapsing-remitting form of MS. Thus, the defect in regulation of both IL-12 and IFNgamma production by endogenous IL-10 in progressive MS could be an important factor involved in the transition of MS from the relapsing to the progressive stage and has implications for treating MS patients with exogenous IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Balashov
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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