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Wedage WMM, Harischandra IN, Weerasena OVDSJ, De Silva BGDNK. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), using COI and ND4 mitochondrial gene sequences. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296286. [PMID: 38157363 PMCID: PMC10756540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomus argentipes complex is the primary vector for cutaneous leishmaniasis, a burgeoning health concern in contemporary Sri Lanka, where effective vector control is important for proper disease management. Understanding the genetic diversity of the P. argentipes population in Sri Lanka is vital before implementing a successful vector control program. Various studies have indicated that genetic divergence, caused by genetic drift or selection, can significantly influence the vector capacity of arthropod species. To devise innovative control strategies for P. argentipes, exploring genetic diversity and phylogeography can offer valuable insights into vector competence, key genetic trait transfer, and impact on disease epidemiology. The primary objective is to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogeography of the P. argentipes complex in Sri Lanka, based on two mitochondrial genomic regions in modern representatives of P. argentipes populations. METHODOLOGY A total of 159 P. argentipes specimens were collected from five endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis and identified morphologically. Two mitochondrial regions (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) were amplified using the total DNA and subsequently sequenced. Partial sequences of those mitochondrial genes were utilized to analyze genetic diversity indices and to explore phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Among five sampling locations, the highest genetic diversity for COI and ND4 was observed in Hambantota (Hd-0.749, π-0.00417) and Medirigiriya (Hd-0.977, π-0.01055), respectively. Phylogeographic analyses conducted using COI sequences and GenBank retrieved sequences demonstrated a significant divergence of P. argentipes haplotypes found in Sri Lanka. Results revealed that they have evolved from the Indian ancestral haplotype due to historical- geographical connections of the Indian subcontinent with Sri Lanka. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing high-mutation-rate mitochondrial genes, such as ND4, can enhance the accuracy of genetic variability analysis in P. argentipes populations in Sri Lanka. The phylogeographical analysis of COI gene markers in this study provides insights into the historical geographical relationship between India and P. argentipes in Sri Lanka. Both COI and ND4 genes exhibited consistent genetic homogeneity in P. argentipes in Sri Lanka, suggesting minimal impact on gene flow. This homogeneity also implies the potential for horizontal gene transfer across populations, facilitating the transmission of genes associated with traits like insecticide resistance. This dynamic undermines disease control efforts reliant on vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Methsala Madurangi Wedage
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Iresha N. Harischandra
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Vidya Sethu Foundation, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka
| | | | - B. G. D. N. K. De Silva
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Institute of Biotechnology (SLIBTEC), Homagama, Sri Lanka
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Rodrigues BL, Brilhante AF, de Souza Pinto I, Galati EAB. Trichophoromyia auraensis: evidence for cryptic species and first record in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2933-2944. [PMID: 37773460 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Trichophoromyia auraensis (Mangabeira, 1942) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) has a wide geographic distribution in the western region of the Amazon biome, where it is a putative Leishmania vector. Here, we reported for the first time a population of this species in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, in the eastern Amazon, from which we DNA-barcoded and compared with previously processed specimens from Acre State, in the western Amazon. For this, we analyzed the DNA barcoding fragment (658 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of Trichophoromyia species using phylogenetic gene trees, and species delimitation algorithms. The analyses of COI barcodes showed high values of genetic distance (mean K2P = 5.17) and well-supported clades/MOTUs for the eastern and western populations of T. auraensis, which may indicate a possible complex of cryptic species. The western population of this taxon merged with the close-related sand fly Trichophoromyia velezbernali Posada-López, Galvis and Galati, 2018 from Colombia, which may be associated with the recent speciation history and introgression between these populations. These evidences should be evaluated with a more comprehensive sampling in terms of analyzed populations and molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Israel de Souza Pinto
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA), Itaituba, PA, Brasil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rodrigues BL, Galati EAB. Molecular taxonomy of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) with emphasis on DNA barcoding: A review. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106778. [PMID: 36435214 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy and systematics of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are one of the pillars of research aimed to identifying vector populations and the agents transmitted by these insects. Traditionally, the use of morphological traits has been the main line of evidence for the definition of species, but the use of DNA sequences is useful as an integrative approach for their delimitation. Here, we discuss the current status of the molecular taxonomy of sand flies, including their most sequenced molecular markers and the main results. Only about 37% of all sand fly species have been processed for any molecular marker and are publicly available in the NCBI GenBank or BOLD Systems databases. The genera Phlebotomus, Nyssomyia, Psathyromyia and Psychodopygus are well-sampled, accounting for more than 56% of their sequenced species. However, less than 34% of the species of Sergentomyia, Lutzomyia, Trichopygomyia and Trichophoromyia have been sampled, representing a major gap in the knowledge of these groups. The most sequenced molecular markers are those within mtDNA, especially the DNA barcoding fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coi) gene, which has shown promising results in detecting cryptic diversity within species. Few sequences of conserved genes have been generated, which hampers higher-level phylogenetic inferences. We argue that sand fly species should be sequenced for at least the coi DNA barcoding marker, but multiple markers with different mutation rates should be assessed, whenever possible, to generate multilocus analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP). Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, Brazil, 01246-904.
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP). Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP, Brazil, 01246-904
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Chelbi I, Abdi A, Depaquit J, Fares W, Abbas MAS, Dachraoui K, Zhioua E. Investigation of the Sandfly Fauna of Central Arid Areas and Northern Humid Regions of Tunisia, with Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Recently Established Population of Phlebotomus ( Larroussius) perfiliewi. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13111057. [PMID: 36421960 PMCID: PMC9696294 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on nucleotide sequences, we re-identified representative samples of Phlebotomus perfiliewi originating from two different biogeographical areas of Tunisia, whose populations had previously been identified based on morphological criteria. A partial region of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene was targeted, and sandfly species was determined by analogy with DNA sequences available in the GenBank database via a BLAST analysis, taking into account the query coverage and percentage identity. The recognized species presents the most substantial homology with the analyzed sequence. The results of the molecular identification showed complete agreement with the morphological identifications, and Phlebotomus perfiliewi is genetically variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifhem Chelbi
- Unit of Vector Ecology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amani Abdi
- Unit of Vector Ecology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 ESCAPE–USC «Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires (VECPAR)», 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, CEDEX, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Wasfi Fares
- Unit of Vector Ecology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Khalil Dachraoui
- Unit of Vector Ecology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elyes Zhioua
- Unit of Vector Ecology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
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Nasereddin A, Ereqat S, Al-Jawabreh A, Taradeh M, Abbasi I, Al-Jawabreh H, Sawalha S, Abdeen Z. Concurrent molecular characterization of sand flies and Leishmania parasites by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:262. [PMID: 35869485 PMCID: PMC9308317 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of Leishmania parasites, which are the causative agents of leishmaniasis. Herein, we developed an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (Amp-NGS) to characterize sand flies and Leishmania parasites simultaneously targeting partial fragments of 18S rDNA and ITS1 genes, respectively. METHODS Our assay was optimized using reference sand fly (n = 8) and Leishmania spp. (n = 9) samples and validated using wild-caught sand flies from Palestine. The assay was highly specific, and all DNA references were successfully identified to the species level. RESULTS Among the wild-caught sand flies (n = 187), Phlebotomus spp. represented 95% of the collected samples (177/187), including Ph. sergenti (147/187, 79%), Ph. papatasi (19/187, 10.2%), Ph. perfiliewi (3/187, 1.6%), Ph. tobbi (2/187, 1.2%) and Ph. syriacus (6/187, 3.2%). Sergentomyia spp. represented only 5% (10/187) of the collected samples and included S. dentata (n = 6), S. fallax (n = 2), S. schwetzi (n = 1) and S. ghesquiere (n = 1). The study observed strong positive correlation between sand fly identification results of the Amp-NGS and morphological identification method (r = 0.84, df = 185, P < 0.001). Some discrepancies between the two methods in the identification of closely related species (i.e. Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. tobbi and Ph. syriacus) were observed. Leishmania DNA was detected and identified as L. tropica in 14 samples (14/187, 7.5%). CONCLUSIONS Our assay was sensitive to detect (limit of detection was 0.0016 ng/reaction) and identify Leishmania DNA in sand flies, thus representing a new tool for studying sand flies and their associated Leishmania parasites in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedelmajeed Nasereddin
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Suheir Ereqat
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Deis, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Amer Al-Jawabreh
- grid.440578.a0000 0004 0631 5812Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine ,Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine
| | - Mohamad Taradeh
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XAl-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine ,AL-Quds Public Health Society, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ibrahim Abbasi
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Hanan Al-Jawabreh
- Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine ,grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XAl-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine ,AL-Quds Public Health Society, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | - Ziad Abdeen
- grid.16662.350000 0001 2298 706XAl-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine ,AL-Quds Public Health Society, East Jerusalem, Palestine
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Density assessment and reporting for Phlebotomus perniciosus and other sand fly species in periurban residential estates in Spain. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3091-3103. [PMID: 34405280 PMCID: PMC8397643 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Green periurban residential areas in Mediterranean countries have flourished in the last decades and become foci for leishmaniasis. To remedy the absence of information on vector ecology in these environments, we examined phlebotomine sand fly distribution in 29 sites in Murcia City over a 3-year period, including the plots of 20 detached houses and nine non-urbanized sites nearby. We collected 5,066 specimens from five species using "sticky" interception and light attraction traps. The relative frequency of the main Leishmania infantum vector Phlebotomus perniciosus in these traps was 32% and 63%, respectively. Sand fly density was widely variable spatially and temporally and greatest in non-urbanized sites, particularly in caves and abandoned buildings close to domestic animal holdings. Phlebotomus perniciosus density in house plots was positively correlated with those in non-urbanized sites, greatest in larger properties with extensive vegetation and non-permanently lived, but not associated to dog presence or a history of canine leishmaniasis. Within house plots, sand fly density was highest in traps closest to walls. Furthermore, the study provides a guideline for insect density assessment and reporting and is envisioned as a building block towards the development of a pan-European database for robust investigation of environmental determinants of sand fly distribution.
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Cruaud A, Lehrter V, Genson G, Rasplus JY, Depaquit J. Evolution, systematics and historical biogeography of sand flies of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotomus) inferred using restriction-site associated DNA markers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009479. [PMID: 34280193 PMCID: PMC8425549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are the main natural vectors of Leishmania, which cause visceral and tegumentary tropical diseases worldwide. However, their taxonomy and evolutionary history remain poorly studied. Indeed, as for many human disease vectors, their small size is a challenge for morphological and molecular works. Here, we successfully amplified unbiased copies of whole genome to sequence thousands of restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) markers from single specimens of phlebotomines. RAD markers were used to infer a fully resolved phylogeny of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (11 species + 5 outgroups, 32 specimens). The subgenus was not recovered as monophyletic and we describe a new subgenus Artemievus subg. nov. Depaquit for Phlebotomus alexandri. We also confirm the validity of Ph. riouxi which is reinstated as valid species. Our analyses suggest that Paraphlebotomus sensu nov. originated ca 12.9-8.5 Ma and was possibly largely distributed from peri-Mediterranean to Irano-Turanian regions. Its biogeographical history can be summarized into three phases: i) a first split between Ph. riouxi + Ph. chabaudi and other species that may have resulted from the rise of the Saharan belt ca 8.5 Ma; ii) a Messinian vicariant event (7.3-5.3 Ma) during which the prolonged drought could have resulted in the divergence of main lineages; iii) a recent radiation event (3-2 Ma) that correspond to cycles of wet and dry periods in the Middle East and the East African subregions during the Pleistocene. Interestingly these cycles are also hypothetical drivers of the diversification of rodents, in the burrows of which Paraphlebotomus larvae develop. By meeting the challenge of sequencing pangenomics markers from single, minute phlebotomines, this work opens new avenues for improving our understanding of the epidemiology of leishmaniases and possibly other human diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Cruaud
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Lehrter
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, ESCAPE EA7510, USC ANSES VECPAR, SFR Cap Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Guenaëlle Genson
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Rasplus
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, ESCAPE EA7510, USC ANSES VECPAR, SFR Cap Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
- * E-mail:
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Rioux JA, Gramiccia M, Léger N, Desjeux P, Depaquit J. Leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in Oman Sultanate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:68. [PMID: 33258444 PMCID: PMC7708229 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are few data on leishmaniases and sandflies in Oman Sultanate. We carried out an eco-epidemiological study in 1998 in the two main mountains of the country, the Sharqiyah and the Dhofar. This study allowed us to isolate and identify three Leishmania strains from patients exhibiting cutaneous leishmaniasis. The typing carried out by isoenzymatic study and by molecular biology were congruent: two strains of Leishmania donovani zymodeme (Z) MON-31 isolated in the Sharqiyah and one L. tropica ZROM102 (ZMON-39 variant for 4 isoenzymes) from the Dhofar. No strain was isolated from canids. The study of sandflies identified 14 species distributed in the genera Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia and Grassomyia: Ph. papatasi, Ph. bergeroti, Ph. duboscqi, Ph. alexandri, Ph. saevus, Ph. sergenti, Se. fallax, Se. baghdadis, Se. cincta, Se. christophersi, Se. clydei, Se. tiberiadis, Se. africana, and Gr. dreyfussi. In Sharqiyah, the only candidate for the transmission of L. donovani was Ph. alexandri, but the low densities observed of this species do not argue in favor of any role. In Dhofar, Ph. sergenti is the most important proven vector of L. tropica, but Ph. saevus, a locally much more abundant species, constitutes a good candidate for transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Antoine Rioux
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier 1, 1 rue de l'Éencole de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Gramiccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Vector-borne Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Léger
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA7510, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France
| | - Philippe Desjeux
- PATH OWH (formerly One World Health), A-9, Qutub Institutional area, USO Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA7510, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France - ANSES, USC Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires (VECPAR), 51100 Reims, France - Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France
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Dvořák V, Tsirigotakis N, Pavlou C, Dokianakis E, Akhoundi M, Halada P, Volf P, Depaquit J, Antoniou M. Sand fly fauna of Crete and the description of Phlebotomus (Adlerius) creticus n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae). Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:547. [PMID: 33148317 PMCID: PMC7640489 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Greek island of Crete is endemic for both visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and recently increasing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study summarizes published data on the sand fly fauna of Crete, the results of new sand fly samplings and the description of a new sand fly species. METHODS All published and recent samplings were carried out using CDC light traps, sticky traps or mouth aspirators. The specific status of Phlebotomus (Adlerius) creticus n. sp., was assessed by morphological analysis, cytochrome b (cytb) sequencing and MALDI-TOF protein profiling. RESULTS Published data revealed the presence of 10 Phlebotomus spp. and 2 Sergentomyia spp. During presented field work, 608 specimens of 8 species of Phlebotomus and one species of Sergentomyia were collected. Both published data and present samplings revealed that the two most common and abundant species were Phlebotomus neglectus, a proven vector of Leishmania infantum causing VL, and Ph. similis, a suspected vector of L. tropica causing CL. In addition, the field surveys revealed the presence of a new species, Ph. (Adlerius) creticus n. sp. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the newly described species is based on both molecular and morphological criteria, showing distinct characters of the male genitalia that differentiate it from related species of the subgenus Adlerius as well as species-specific sequence of cytb and protein spectra generated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Dvořák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Nikolaos Tsirigotakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology Parasitology Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christoforos Pavlou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology Parasitology Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Dokianakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology Parasitology Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mohammad Akhoundi
- Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Avicenne AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Petr Halada
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- FEA7510 "ESCAPE", USC ANSES "VECPAR", Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096, Reims cedex, Reims, France
| | - Maria Antoniou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology Parasitology Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Randrianambinintsoa FJ, Depaquit J, Martinet JP, Golden CD, Boyer S, Robert V, Tantely LM. Two new phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the forest edge in Madagascar: the anthropophilic Phlebotomus artemievi sp. nov. and Sergentomyia maroantsetra ensis sp. nov. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1177-1199. [PMID: 32246259 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A few data are related to the anthropophily of Malagasy Phlebotomine sandflies. Prior studies focussed mainly to inventories and description of new species. Our goal was to emphasize the anthropophily of Malagasy Phlebotomine sandflies. We worked in the Makira region, using two simultaneous methods: human landing catches (HLC) and CDC light traps. We collected sandflies in three rural communities adjacent to the Makira Natural Park. In each community, three different biotopes were sampled: within community settlements; at the edge of forest, typically in agricultural land; and within the forest. We collected 61 sandflies belonging to two new species presently described: Phlebotomus artemievi sp. nov. and Sergentomyia maroantsetraensis sp. nov. These sandflies were caught exclusively in the forest edge biotope. None were captured within communities or within forests. HLC provided 97% of the collected sandflies, corresponding to a human-biting rate of 15 females per human per night. CDC provided only two females. Ph. artemievi sp. nov. was predominantly captured by HLC and appears to be highly anthropophilic. Here, we update the behavioural ecology of sandflies and describe two new species. Further research is required to understand their vector competence and their ability to transmit arboviruses and other pathogens such as Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fano José Randrianambinintsoa
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA7510 « ESCAPE » - USC ANSES « transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR) », Reims, France. .,Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP1274, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA7510 « ESCAPE » - USC ANSES « transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR) », Reims, France.,Laboratory Parasitology- Mycology, Hospital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Martinet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA7510 « ESCAPE » - USC ANSES « transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR) », Reims, France
| | - Christopher D Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY), 512, Maroantsetra, Madagascar
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical Entomology Platform, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Vincent Robert
- MIVEGEC Unit, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 CEDEX 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Luciano Michaël Tantely
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP1274, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Trájer A, Hammer T, Padisák J. Reflection of the Neogene–Quaternary phylogeography in the recent distribution limiting climatic factors of eight Mediterranean Phlebotomus species (Diptera: Psychodidae). J NAT HIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1485981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Trájer
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - T. Hammer
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - J. Padisák
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- MTA-PE Limnoecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
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12
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Tsirigotakis N, Pavlou C, Christodoulou V, Dokianakis E, Kourouniotis C, Alten B, Antoniou M. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Greek Aegean Islands: ecological approaches. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:97. [PMID: 29458398 PMCID: PMC5819154 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies are the vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. Different Phlebotomus species transmit different Leishmania species causing leishmaniases which are neglected diseases emerging/reemerging in new regions. Thirteen sand fly species, ten belonging to the medically important genus Phlebotomus and three belonging to Sergentomyia are known in Greece. An increasing number of human and dog cases are reported each year from all parts of the country including the Aegean Islands. However, no previous study has been conducted on the sand fly fauna on the islands, except for Rhodes and Samos. The aim of this study was to investigate sand fly species in eleven small Aegean islands; to understand species-specific relationships with environmental and climatic factors and to compare sand fly community parameters among islands. A risk analysis was carried out for each species using climatic and environmental variables. RESULTS Nine sand fly species: Phlebotomus neglectus, P. tobbi, P. similis, P. simici, P. perfiliewi, P. alexandri, P. papatasi, Sergentomyia minuta and S. dentata, were collected from the islands studied. Phlebotomus (Adlerius) sp. and Sergentomyia sp. specimens were also collected but not identified to the species level. There was a positive effect of distance from the sea on the abundance of P. neglectus, S. minuta and S. dentata, and a negative effect on the abundance of P. tobbi, P. simici and P. similis. In general, temperature preferences of sand fly populations were between 21 and 29 °C. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in terms of temperature and relative humidity preference ranges among species. The most important species found, P. neglectus, was indisputably the most adapted species in the study area with a very high reaction norm, favoring even the lower temperature and humidity ranges. Overall, the sand fly fauna in the islands was very rich but there were differences in species diversity, as indicated by the values of the Shannon-Wiener index, along with evenness and richness of the sand fly fauna between the islands and altitude ranges in the islands. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that the Greek Aegean Islands, however small, maintain a rich sand fly fauna. This includes important vectors of Leishmania spp. representing a risk for parasite transmission to humans and dogs along with the danger of maintaining new Leishmania spp. if introduced to the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsirigotakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christoforos Pavlou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Dokianakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Bulent Alten
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ecology Division, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Beytepe-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Antoniou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece.
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13
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Dokianakis E, Tsirigotakis N, Christodoulou V, Poulakakis N, Antoniou M. Identification of wild-caught phlebotomine sand flies from Crete and Cyprus using DNA barcoding. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:94. [PMID: 29454363 PMCID: PMC5816364 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of Leishmania spp., protozoan parasites responsible for a group of neglected diseases called leishmaniases. Two sand fly genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, contain species that are present in the Mediterranean islands of Crete and Cyprus where the visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL) and canine (CanLei) leishmaniases are a public health concern. The risk of transmission of different Leishmania species can be studied in an area by monitoring their vectors. Sand fly species are traditionally identified using morphological characteristics but minute differences between individuals or populations could be overlooked leading to wrong epidemiological predictions. Molecular identification of these important vectors has become, therefore, an essential tool for research tasks concerning their geographical distribution which directly relates to leishmaniasis control efforts. DNA barcoding is a widely used molecular identification method for cataloguing animal species by sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase I. Results DNA barcoding was used to identify individuals of five sand fly species (Phlebotomus papatasi, P. similis, P. killicki, Sergentomyia minuta, S. dentata) circulating in the islands of Crete and Cyprus during the years 2011–2014. Phlebotomus papatasi is a known vector of zoonotic CL in the Middle East and it is found in both islands. Phlebotomus similis is the suspected vector of Leishmania tropica in Greece causing anthroponotic CL. Phlebotomus killicki was collected in Cyprus for the first time. Sergentomyia minuta, found to present intraspecific diversity, is discussed for its potential as a Leishmania vector. Molecular identification was consistent with the morphological identification. It successfully identified males and females, which is difficult when using only morphological characters. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the barcodes acquired, representing their genetic relationships along with other species from the area studied. All individuals identified were clustered according to their species and subgenus. Conclusions Molecular identification of sand flies via DNA barcoding can accurately identify these medically important insects assisting traditional morphological tools, thus helping to assess their implication in Leishmania transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Dokianakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsirigotakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 2208, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knossos Av, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Antoniou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece.
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Zahraei-Ramazani A, Saghafipour A, Mehdi Sedaghat M, Absavaran A, Azarm A. Molecular Identification of Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Hyperendemic Area of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1525-1530. [PMID: 28968720 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomus caucasicus Marzinovsky and Phlebotomus mongolensis Sinton are morphologically similar sand fly species. Finding a reliable, fast, and simple method to differentiate these two sand flies is important in understanding their role in the transmission of Leishmania parasite. In our study, 20 specimens of male P. caucasicus, 4 specimens of male P. mongolensis, and 16 specimens of female of both species (Caucasicus group) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result shows identical patterns with a visible fragment of about 500 bp in size. In restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), we observed identical patterns with TasI used as the restriction enzyme. After alignment with sequences of the ITS2 partial gene in GenBank, a perfect match was obtained for the P. mongolensis, but not for P. caucasicus whose sequence was not present in the GenBank. Based on the results of our study, the RFLP-PCR method with nucleotide gene fragment ITS2 was a rapid and reliable method for differentiating these sand fly species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireaza Zahraei-Ramazani
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abedin Saghafipour
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azad Absavaran
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amrollah Azarm
- Postgraduate from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Merino-Espinosa G, Corpas-López V, Callejón-Fernández R, Porcel-Rodríguez L, Díaz-Sáez V, Gállego M, Ballart C, Molina R, Jiménez M, Morillas-Márquez F, Martín-Sánchez J. Differential ecological traits of two Phlebotomus sergenti mitochondrial lineages in southwestern Europe and their epidemiological implications. Trop Med Int Health 2016; 21:630-41. [PMID: 26921209 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The introduction of leishmaniasis in a new area requires a well-established population of the sandfly vector species of the parasite. No autochthonous cases of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis have been detected in southwestern Europe, and Leishmania infantum is the only causative agent of leishmaniasis in this area. Phlebotomus sergenti, the main vector of Leishmania tropica, is commonly found in the Iberian Peninsula at sufficient densities to be able to act as a vector. It is characterised by high genetic diversity and classified in four mitochondrial lineages. Our aim was to analyse the composition and distribution of P. sergenti mitochondrial lineages in southwestern Europe given the possibility of phenotypic differences of biomedical importance between them. METHODS Sandflies were captured in the Iberian Peninsula and on the Canary and Balearic Islands. Mitochondrial lineage identification of 137 P. sergenti was performed using a novel PCR-RFLP that avoids the necessity of gene sequencing. RESULTS Two lineages were evidenced, the typical Iberian one (lineage I) and another, held in common with North Africa (lineage III), that show a distinctive distribution. P. sergenti lineage I shows a better correlation to the bioclimatic diversity in southwestern Europe. Conversely, P. sergenti lineage III prefers warmer temperatures and less precipitation, which are typical of the Mediterranean. CONCLUSION Lineage I seems to have adaptive advantages given its wider tolerance to temperature and altitude than lineage III, and it would seem more suitable to lead a potential geographical expansion towards the rest of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Merino-Espinosa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - V Corpas-López
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R Callejón-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - V Díaz-Sáez
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Gállego
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ballart
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Molina
- Medical Entomology Unit, Service of Parasitology, National Center of Microbiology, Institute of Health "Carlos III" Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Jiménez
- Medical Entomology Unit, Service of Parasitology, National Center of Microbiology, Institute of Health "Carlos III" Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Morillas-Márquez
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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16
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Lafri I, Almeras L, Bitam I, Caputo A, Yssouf A, Forestier CL, Izri A, Raoult D, Parola P. Identification of Algerian Field-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Fly Vectors by MALDI-TOF MS. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004351. [PMID: 26771833 PMCID: PMC4714931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomine sand flies are known to transmit Leishmania parasites, bacteria and viruses that affect humans and animals in many countries worldwide. Precise sand fly identification is essential to prevent phlebotomine-borne diseases. Over the past two decades, progress in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as an accurate tool for arthropod identification. The objective of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS as a tool for identifying field-caught phlebotomine. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sand flies were captured in four sites in north Algeria. A subset was morphologically and genetically identified. Six species were found in these areas and a total of 28 stored frozen specimens were used for the creation of the reference spectrum database. The relevance of this original method for sand fly identification was validated by two successive blind tests including the morphological identification of 80 new specimens which were stored at -80°C, and 292 unknown specimens, including engorged specimens, which were preserved under different conditions. Intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity of the protein profiles were obtained, allowing us to distinguish specimens at the gender level. Querying of the sand fly database using the MS spectra from the blind test groups revealed concordant results between morphological and MALDI-TOF MS identification. However, MS identification results were less efficient for specimens which were engorged or stored in alcohol. Identification of 362 phlebotomine sand flies, captured at four Algerian sites, by MALDI-TOF MS, revealed that the subgenus Larroussius was predominant at all the study sites, except for in M'sila where P. (Phlebotomus) papatasi was the only sand fly species detected. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the application of MALDI-TOF MS for monitoring sand fly fauna captured in the field. The low cost, reliability and rapidity of MALDI-TOF MS analyses opens up new ways in the management of phlebotomine sand fly-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Lafri
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d’Alger, Alger, Algérie
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Blida 1, Blida, Algérie
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d’Alger, Alger, Algérie
- Université de Bab Ezzouar, Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Environnement, Bab Ezzouar, Algérie
| | - Aurelia Caputo
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Amina Yssouf
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Claire-Lise Forestier
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Avicenne, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Depaquit J, Leger N, Randrianambinintsoa FJ. Paraphyly of the subgenus Anaphlebotomus and creation of Madaphlebotomus subg. nov. (Phlebotominae: Phlebotomus). MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 29:159-170. [PMID: 25613531 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The systematic position of the Malagasy Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae) species was assessed in molecular phylogenetic studies. Three molecular markers were sequenced: cytochrome b of the mitochondrial DNA; ITS2, and the D8 domain of the ribosomal DNA. The following species were studied: Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) berentiensis, Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fertei, Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fontenillei, Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) vaomalalae and Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) vincenti from Madagascar; Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) stantoni from Asia, and Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) rodhaini from Africa. The following outgroups were selected: Phlebotomus (Euphlebotomus) argentipes, Phlebotomus (Euphlebotomus) barguesae, Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perfiliewi s.l. and Phlebotomus (Adlerius) simici. Each marker analysed by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood supports the monophyly of the Malagasy Phlebotomus spp. Consequently, we create a new subgenus for these species: Madaphlebotomus subg. nov. This molecular individualization is reinforced by the originality of their spermathecae and by the fact that their geographical distribution is limited to Madagascar, and considers the high level of endemism on this island.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA4688 - USC Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires (VECPAR), Reims, France
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18
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Depaquit J. Molecular systematics applied to Phlebotomine sandflies: Review and perspectives. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:744-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bounamous A, Lehrter V, Hadj-Henni L, Delecolle JC, Depaquit J. Limits of a rapid identification of common Mediterranean sandflies using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:466-72. [PMID: 24936911 PMCID: PMC4155849 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 131 phlebotomine Algerian sandflies have been processed in the present
study. They belong to the species Phlebotomus bergeroti, Phlebotomus
alexandri, Phlebotomus sergenti, Phlebotomus chabaudi, Phlebotomus riouxi,
Phlebotomus perniciosus, Phlebotomus longicuspis, Phlebotomus perfiliewi,
Phlebotomus ariasi, Phlebotomus chadlii, Sergentomyia fallax, Sergentomyia minuta,
Sergentomyia antennata, Sergentomyia schwetzi, Sergentomyia clydei, Sergentomyia
christophersi and Grassomyia dreyfussi. They have been
characterised by sequencing of a part of the cytochrome b (cyt b), t
RNA serine and NADH1 on the one hand and of the cytochrome C oxidase I of the
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) on the other hand. Our study highlights two sympatric
populations within P. sergenti in the area of its type-locality and
new haplotypes of P. perniciosus and P. longicuspis
without recording the specimens called lcx previously found in North Africa.
We tried to use a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
method based on a combined double digestion of each marker. These method is not
interesting to identify sandflies all over the Mediterranean Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzedine Bounamous
- Agence Nationale de la Sécurité Sanitaire de l?Alimentation, de l?Enviromment et du Travail, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Véronique Lehrter
- Agence Nationale de la Sécurité Sanitaire de l?Alimentation, de l?Enviromment et du Travail, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Leila Hadj-Henni
- Agence Nationale de la Sécurité Sanitaire de l?Alimentation, de l?Enviromment et du Travail, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Agence Nationale de la Sécurité Sanitaire de l?Alimentation, de l?Enviromment et du Travail, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Contreras Gutiérrez MA, Vivero RJ, Vélez ID, Porter CH, Uribe S. DNA barcoding for the identification of sand fly species (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Colombia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85496. [PMID: 24454877 PMCID: PMC3893204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sand flies include a group of insects that are of medical importance and that vary in geographic distribution, ecology, and pathogen transmission. Approximately 163 species of sand flies have been reported in Colombia. Surveillance of the presence of sand fly species and the actualization of species distribution are important for predicting risks for and monitoring the expansion of diseases which sand flies can transmit. Currently, the identification of phlebotomine sand flies is based on morphological characters. However, morphological identification requires considerable skills and taxonomic expertise. In addition, significant morphological similarity between some species, especially among females, may cause difficulties during the identification process. DNA-based approaches have become increasingly useful and promising tools for estimating sand fly diversity and for ensuring the rapid and accurate identification of species. A partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (COI) is currently being used to differentiate species in different animal taxa, including insects, and it is referred as a barcoding sequence. The present study explored the utility of the DNA barcode approach for the identification of phlebotomine sand flies in Colombia. We sequenced 700 bp of the COI gene from 36 species collected from different geographic localities. The COI barcode sequence divergence within a single species was <2% in most cases, whereas this divergence ranged from 9% to 26.6% among different species. These results indicated that the barcoding gene correctly discriminated among the previously morphologically identified species with an efficacy of nearly 100%. Analyses of the generated sequences indicated that the observed species groupings were consistent with the morphological identifications. In conclusion, the barcoding gene was useful for species discrimination in sand flies from Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael J. Vivero
- Program of Study and Control of Tropical Diseases, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Iván D. Vélez
- Program of Study and Control of Tropical Diseases, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Charles H. Porter
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Molecular Systematics Group, National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
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A taxonomic study of Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perfiliewi s. l. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 20:500-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Randrianambinintsoa FJ, Depaquit J. Phlebotomine sand flies from Madagascar (Diptera: Psychodidae). VIII — Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) vincenti n. sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 106:206-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s13149-013-0305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang L, Ma Y, Xu J. Genetic differentiation between sandfly populations of Phlebotomus chinensis and Phlebotomus sichuanensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in China inferred by microsatellites. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:115. [PMID: 23607337 PMCID: PMC3649936 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomus chinensis is a primary vector of visceral leishmaniasis; it occurs in various biotopes with a large geographical distribution, ranging from Yangtze River to northeast China. Phlebotomus sichuanensis, a species closely related to P. chinensis in high altitude regions, has a long term disputation on its taxonomic status. Both species occur in the current epidemic regions and are responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis. Population genetic analysis will help to understand the population structure and infer the relationship for morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. In this study, microsatellite markers were used for studying the genetic differentiation between P. chinensis and P. sichuanensis. Methods Sandflies were collected in 6 representative localities in China in 2005-2009. Ten microsatellite loci were used to estimate population genetic diversity. The intra-population genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and effective population size were estimated. Results All 10 microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic across populations, with high allelic richness and heterozygosity. Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium was found in 23 out of 60 (38.33%) comparisons associated with heterozygote deficits, which was likely caused by the presence of null allele and the Wahlund effect. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed three clusters. The cluster I included almost all specimens in the sample SCD collected at high altitude habitats in Sichuan. The other two clusters were shared by the remaining 5 populations, SCJ in Sichuan, GSZ in Gansu, SXL and SXX in Shaanxi and HNS in Henan. The diversity among these 5 populations was low (FST = -0.003-0.090) and no isolation by distance was detected. AMOVA analysis suggested that the variations were largely derived from individuals within populations and among individuals. Consistently, the analysis of ribosomal DNA second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) sequence uncovered three types of variants, which corresponded with the three gene pools revealed by microsatellites. Conclusions The data suggested that the SCD population carried a distinct gene pool, which was differentiated from the other populations. The high altitude ecological habitats, distinctive ITS2 and herein divergence inferred by microsatellite loci support the species status of P. sichuanensis. The P. chinensis populations did not have a significant divergence from each another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zapata S, León R, Sauvage F, Augot D, Trueba G, Cruaud C, Couloux A, Terán R, Depaquit J. Morphometric and molecular characterization of the series Guyanensis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodopygus) from the Ecuadorian Amazon Basin with description of a new species. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:966-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Latrofa MS, Annoscia G, Dantas-Torres F, Traversa D, Otranto D. Towards a rapid molecular identification of the common phlebotomine sand flies in the Mediterranean region. Vet Parasitol 2012; 184:267-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Latrofa MS, Dantas-Torres F, Weigl S, Tarallo VD, Parisi A, Traversa D, Otranto D. Multilocus molecular and phylogenetic analysis of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from southern Italy. Acta Trop 2011; 119:91-8. [PMID: 21635869 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a combined analysis of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA target regions of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Mediterranean region. A ∼900 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial DNA encompassing regions within cytb and nd1 gene and the complete ITS2 ribosomal region (∼500 bp) were sequenced and characterized for Phlebotomus perniciosus, Phlebotomus perfiliewi, Phlebotomus neglectus, Phlebotomus papatasi, and Sergentomyia minuta, captured in two sites of southern Italy. From one to eight mitochondrial haplotypes and from one to three ITS2 sequence types were found for the examined specimens according to the different sand fly species. The mean interspecific difference in the mitochondrial sequences was of 16.1%, with an overall intraspecific nucleotide variation from 0.1 to 2.8%. A higher interspecific difference (mean 25.1%) was recorded for the ITS2 sequence, with an overall intraspecific nucleotide variation up to 4.9%. The sequence types alignment of ITS2 region showed that all phlebotomine specimens possessed a split 5.8S rRNA, consisting of a mature 5.8S rRNA and a 2S rRNA separated by a short transcribed spacer. Phylogenetic analysis of the Phlebotomus spp. sequences, herein determined and of those available in GenBank™ were concordant in clustering P. neglectus, P. perfiliewi and P. papatasi with the same species collected from different geographic areas of the Mediterranean basin in four main clades for mtDNA and ITS2, respectively. This study demonstrates the utility of multilocus sequencing, provides a dataset for the molecular identification of the most prevalent phlebotomine sand flies in southern Europe and defines the phylogenetic relationships among species examined.
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Dvorak V, Votypka J, Aytekin AM, Alten B, Volf P. Intraspecific variability of natural populations of Phlebotomus sergenti, the main vector of Leishmania tropica. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2011; 36 Suppl 1:S49-S57. [PMID: 21366780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An intraspecific study of Phlebotomus sergenti was performed on populations from Turkey, Syria, Israel, and Uzbekistan by four different approaches: geometric morphometrics, RAPD analysis, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequencing (nuclear marker), and cytochrome B sequencing (mitochondrial marker). In RAPD analysis, distinct clades were formed in accordance with the geographical origin of the specimens. There was no distinct grouping according to place of origin within the Turkish samples from various localities in south-eastern Anatolia, which suggests a gene flow between populations separated spatially by the Amanos mountains, a mountain range of a considerable altitude. The results of ITS2 rDNA sequencing complied with the previously published intraspecific division of P. sergenti into two branches, northeastern and southwestern. However, mtDNA haplotypes formed three lineages with specimens from Turkey and Israel, sharing a common clade. A previously postulated hypothesis about a complex of sibling species within P. sergenti is therefore questionable. Cytochrome B seems to be a more discriminative marker for intraspecific variability assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dvorak
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague
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Florin DA, Davies SJ, Olsen C, Lawyer P, Lipnick R, Schultz G, Rowton E, Wilkerson R, Keep L. Morphometric and molecular analyses of the sand fly species Lutzomyia shannoni (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) collected from seven different geographical areas in the southeastern United States. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 48:154-166. [PMID: 21485350 DOI: 10.1603/me10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A morphometric and molecular study of adult male and female Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar 1929) collected at seven different locations within the southeastern United States was conducted to assess the degree of divergence between the grouped specimens from each location. The collection locations were as follows: Fort Bragg, NC; Fort Campbell, KY; Fort Rucker, AL; Ossabaw Island, GA; Patuxent National Wildlife Research Refuge, MD; Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge, FL; and Baton Rouge, LA. Forty males and forty females from each location were analyzed morphometrically from 54 and 49 character measurements, respectively. In addition, the molecular markers consisting of the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (from 105 sand flies: 15 specimens/collection site) and the partial internal transcribed spacer 2 (from 42 sand flies: six specimens/collection site) were compared. Multivariate analyses indicate that the low degree of variation between the grouped specimens from each collection site prevents the separation of any collection site into an entity that could be interpreted as a distinct population. The molecular analyses were in concordance with the morphometric study as no collection location grouped into a separate population based on the two partial markers. The grouped specimens from each collection site appear to be within the normal variance of the species, indicating a single population in the southeast United States. It is recommended that additional character analyses of L. shannoni based on more molecular markers, behavioral, ecological, and physiological characteristics, be conducted before ruling out the possibility of populations or a cryptic species complex within the southeastern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Florin
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA.
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Krüger A, Strüven L, Post RJ, Faulde M. The sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in military camps in northern Afghanistan (2007-2009), as identified by morphology and DNA 'barcoding'. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2011; 105:163-76. [PMID: 21396252 PMCID: PMC4084661 DOI: 10.1179/136485911x12899838683241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of a continuous, standardized programme of monitoring the Leishmania vectors in German military camps in northern Afghanistan between 2007 and 2009, a detailed taxonomic analysis of the endemic sandfly fauna, as sampled using light and odour-baited traps, was conducted. Of the 10 sandfly species that were recorded, six may serve as enzootic and/or zooanthroponotic vectors of parasites causing human leishmaniasis. The use of a simple DNA-'barcoding' technique based on the mitochondrial cyt b gene, to identify the collected sandflies to species level, revealed (1) a clear discrimination between the potential vector species, (2) clustering of species within most subgenera, and (3) particularly high heterogeneity within the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (Phlebotomus alexandri being grouped with Ph. papatasi rather than with other Paraphlebotomus species). The data also indicate a high level of genetic heterogeneity within the subgenus Sergentomyia but close similarity between Sergentomyia sintoni and Sergentomyia murgabiensis. The morphological similarity of many medically important sandflies can make species identification difficult, if not impossible. The new DNA-barcoding techniques may provide powerful discriminatory tools in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krüger
- Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Tropical Medicine Branch, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Germany.
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Belen A, Kucukyildirim S, Alten B. Genetic structures of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) populations in a leishmaniasis endemic region of Turkey. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2011; 36 Suppl 1:S32-S48. [PMID: 21366779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The object of this study was to determine the genetic structures of three vector species, Phlebotomus tobbi, Phlebotomus papatasi, and Phlebotomus sergenti, in the Cukurova Region of Turkey, an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The genetic diversity indices, neutrality tests and hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were performed using partial sequences of ITS2 and cytochrome b gene regions. In all species, within population genetic variation was higher than between population variation for ITS2 gene region. Fst values were low and non-significant for P. sergenti, and were higher for P. papatasi and P. tobbi indicating a weak structuring between populations. AMOVA tests suggest any substantial isolation between populations within species. AMOVA analysis of cyt b gene region revealed significant genetic structuring between populations for P. papatasi and P. sergenti. Fst values were relatively high and significant for these species indicating a certain degree of isolation between populations. However, in P. tobbi, any significant population genetic structuring was detected. Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values were negative and significant in all three species might be indicating a demographic expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Belen
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecology Division, ESRL Laboratories, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Hamarsheh O. Distribution of Leishmania major zymodemes in relation to populations of Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:9. [PMID: 21266079 PMCID: PMC3035596 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of Leishmania major Yakimoff & Schokhor (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) was extensively used to type different L. major stocks allover the world. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) has been recently used to investigate P. papatasi sand flies at population and subpopulation levels. In this article, the association between geographical distribution of L. major zymodemes and the distribution of populations and subpopulations of L. major vector; P. papatasi are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hamarsheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Quds University, P.O. Box 51000, East Jerusalem, Palestine.
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Khalid N, Elnaiem D, Aboud M, Al Rabba F, Tripet F. Morphometric and molecular differentiation of Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) sandflies. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 24:352-360. [PMID: 20633225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The closely related sandfly species of the subgenus Phlebotomus namely, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemair, 1906 and Phlebotomus bergeroti Parrot, 1934 (Diptera: Psychodidae), are major vectors of Leishmania major (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. Although allopatric in most of their distribution, the three species exist sympatrically in many places in central and eastern Sudan. Males of the three species can be distinguished using morphological characters; however, females are much harder to identify, thus complicating epidemiological studies. We carried out a morphometric and a molecular study to determine reliable morphological features and develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for distinguishing females of these species. Males and females from each species were collected from sites in Sudan, East Africa and from one site in Mali, West Africa. Males were analysed morphologically and 20 characters and 10 character ratios were used in a stepwise discriminant analysis. This led to the identification of four characters with high discriminant loading scores sufficient for accurate male species identification. Male DNA was then used for the development of a PCR-based species diagnostic based on the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA. A set of four primers was developed to generate fragment sizes that are specific to each species and can reliably identify females as well as hybrid DNA. Both the morphometric and the molecular findings of this study have important applications for studies of the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khalid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Dantas-Torres F, Latrofa MS, Otranto D. Occurrence and genetic variability of Phlebotomus papatasi in an urban area of southern Italy. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:77. [PMID: 20738865 PMCID: PMC2936393 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A phlebotomine sand fly was noticed in the second floor of an old building in a highly urbanized area of southern Italy. A short-term entomological survey was carried out in the subsequent weeks to this event, allowing the collection of additional phlebotomine sand flies that were later identified as Phlebotomus papatasi. We assessed the genetic variability among P. papatasi sequences obtained in this study and those available from Italy using a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragment (from cytochrome b gene to NADH1) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) as genetic markers. RESULTS From 9 June to 19 July, eight males and seven females (two blood-fed) of P. papatasi were collected in the old town of Bari (southern Italy). The insects were found near the bed and in the bathroom and potential blood sources (e.g., pigeons and dogs) for them were common in the neighbourhood. Again, five females of P. papatasi collected in Valenzano, another urban area in the province of Bari, were also identified and included in the genetic study. The mtDNA sequences (945 bp) obtained from Bari and Valenzano were identical except for a single transition (T ↔ C) at the 793 nucleotide residue. Pairwise comparison of the last 440 bp of the mtDNA fragment analyzed herein with other sequences of P. papatasi from Italy revealed a nucleotide variation ranging from 0.2 to 1.3%. Three ITS2 sequence types were detected within specimens collected in Valenzano, one of them identical to that from Bari. Pairwise comparison of ITS2 sequences of P. papatasi from Italy revealed a nucleotide variation up to 1.8%. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the occurrence of P. papatasi in an urban area of southern Italy and shows a low nucleotide difference among ITS2 and mtDNA sequences of this species available from Italy. The presence of P. papatasi in urban areas might represent a risk for human health, particularly for the potential transmission of sandfly fever viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, BA, Italy.
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Hamarsheh O, Presber W, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Amro A, Al-Jawabreh A, Sawalha S, Al-Lahem A, Das ML, Guernaoui S, Seridi N, Dhiman RC, Hashiguchi Y, Ghrab J, Hassan M, Schönian G. Population structure and geographical subdivision of the Leishmania major vector Phlebotomus papatasi as revealed by microsatellite variation. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 23:69-77. [PMID: 19239616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multi-locus microsatellite typing (MLMT) has been employed to infer the population structure of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae) sandflies and assign individuals to populations. Phlebotomus papatasi sandflies were collected from 35 sites in 15 countries. A total of 188 P. papatasi individuals were typed using five microsatellite loci, resulting in 113 different genotypes. Unique microsatellite signatures were observed for some of the populations analysed. Comparable results were obtained when the data were analysed with Bayesian model and distance-based methods. Bayesian statistic-based analyses split the dataset into two distinct genetic clusters, A and B, with further substructuring within each. Population A consisted of five subpopulations representing large numbers of alleles that were correlated with the geographical origins of the sandflies. Cluster B comprised individuals collected in the Middle East and the northern Mediterranean area. The subpopulations B1 and B2 did not, however, show any further correlation to geographical origin. The genetic differentiation between subpopulations was supported by F statistics showing statistically significant (Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.005) values of 0.221 between B2 and B1 and 0.816 between A5 and A4. Identification of the genetic structure of P. papatasi populations is important for understanding the patterns of dispersal of this species and to developing strategies for sandfly control.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hamarsheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.
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Depaquit J, Lienard E, Verzeaux-Griffon A, Ferté H, Bounamous A, Gantier JC, Hanafi HA, Jacobson RL, Maroli M, Moin-Vaziri V, Müller F, Özbel Y, Svobodova M, Volf P, Léger N. Molecular homogeneity in diverse geographical populations of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera, Psychodidae) inferred from ND4 mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:159-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Svobodova M, Votypka J, Peckova J, Dvorak V, Nasereddin A, Baneth G, Sztern J, Kravchenko V, Orr A, Meir D, Schnur LF, Volf P, Warburg A. Distinct transmission cycles of Leishmania tropica in 2 adjacent foci, Northern Israel. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 12:1860-8. [PMID: 17326936 PMCID: PMC3291354 DOI: 10.3201/eid1212.060497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TOC summary for table of contents: Infection with Leishmania tropica is emerging because of encroachment of rock hyraxes and transmission by multiple vector species. Transmission of Leishmania tropica was studied in 2 adjacent foci in Israel where vector populations differ. Only Phlebotomus sergenti was found infected with L. tropica in the southern focus; P. arabicus was the main vector in the northern focus. Rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) were incriminated as reservoir hosts in both foci. L. tropica strains from the northern focus isolated from sand flies, cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, and rock hyraxes were antigenically similar to L. major, and strains from the southern focus were typically L. tropica. Laboratory studies showed that P. arabicus is a competent vector of L. tropica, and P. sergenti is essentially refractory to L. tropica from the northern focus. Susceptibility of P. arabicus may be mediated by O glycoproteins on the luminal surface of its midgut. The 2 foci differ with respect to parasites and vectors, but increasing peridomestic rock hyrax populations are probably responsible for emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in both foci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vít Dvorak
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gad Baneth
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julia Sztern
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Amnon Orr
- Tiberias Veterinary Center, Tiberias, Israel
| | - David Meir
- Nature and National Parks Protection Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Petr Volf
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alon Warburg
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hamarsheh O, . WP, . ZA, . SS, . AAL, . GS. Sequence Analysis of the Ribosomal DNA ITS2 Region for Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/je.2007.167.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thanwisai A, Kuvangkadilok C, Baimai V. Molecular phylogeny of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand, using ITS2 rDNA. Genetica 2007; 128:177-204. [PMID: 17028950 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-005-5702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were determined for 40 black fly species from Thailand, belonging to 4 subgenera of the genus Simulium, namely Gomphostilbia (12 species), Nevermannia (5 species), Montisimulium (1 species), Simulium sensu stricto (21 species), and an unknown subgenus with one species (Simulium baimaii). The length of the ITS2 ranged from 247 to 308 bp. All black fly species had high AT content, ranging from 71 to 83.8%. Intraindividual variation (clonal variation) occurred in 13 species, ranging from 0.3 to 1.1%. Large intrapopulation and interpopulation heterogeneities exist in S. feuerboni from the same and different locations in Doi Inthanon National Park, northern Thailand. Phylogenetic relationships among 40 black fly species were examined using PAUP (version 4.0b10) and MrBAYS (version 3.0B4). The topology of the trees revealed two major monophyletic clades. The subgenus Simulium and Simulium baimaii were placed in the first monophyletic clade, whereas the subgenera Nevermannia + Montisimulium were placed as the sister group to the subgenus Gomphostilbia in the second monophyletic clade. Our results suggest that S. baimaii belongs to the malyschevi-group or variegatum-group in the subgenus Simulium. The molecular phylogeny generally agrees with existing morphology-based phylogenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aunchalee Thanwisai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Navarro JC, Weaver SC. Molecular phylogeny of the Vomerifer and Pedroi Groups in the Spissipes Section of the subgenus Culex (Melanoconion). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2004; 41:575-581. [PMID: 15311446 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-41.4.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Members of the New World mosquito subgenus Melanoconion of the genus Culex are important vectors of many alphaviruses including eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV). We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among nine putative species of the Vomerifer and Pedroi Groups of the Neotropical Spissipes Section by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region of ribosomal DNA and using phylogenetic analyses. Results demonstrated that, within the Spissipes Section, the Vomerifer and Pedroi Groups are monophyletic sister groups. The clade comprised by Culex adamesi and Culex ribeirensis showed a sister group relationship to the group consisting of Culex pedroi sequences. The monophyly of the Vomerifer Group corroborated previous suggestions that it is a natural group. However, our topology showed that there are two well-supported, divergent groups within a major clade consisting of Cx. pedroi sequences, suggesting the possibility of a cryptic Cx. pedroi-like species. This finding could have important epidemiological implications for VEEV transmission in Central and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Laboratorio de Biologia de Vectores, Unid Entomologia Molecular, Instituto de Zoologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apdo, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Beati L, Cáceres AG, Lee JA, Munstermann LE. Systematic relationships among Lutzomyia sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Peru and Colombia based on the analysis of 12S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences. Int J Parasitol 2004; 34:225-34. [PMID: 15037108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2003] [Revised: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lutzomyia spp. are New World phlebotomine sand flies, many of which are involved in the transmission of human diseases, such as leishmaniases and bartonellosis. The systematic classification of the approximately 400 species in the genus has been based on morphological characters, but the relationships within the genus are still very much in question. We have inferred phylogenies of 32 species of phlebotomine sand flies belonging to seven sub-genera and two species groups, by using fragments of the mitochondrial small subunit (12SrRNA) and of the nuclear large subunit (28SrRNA) ribosomal gene sequences. The subgenus Helcocyrtomyia and the Verrucarum species group, prominent representatives of the Peruvian sand fly fauna, were represented by 11 and 7 species, respectively. Although based on a limited number of taxa, the resulting phylogenies, based on 837 characters, provide an initial phylogenetic backbone for the progressive reconstruction of infrageneric relationships within Lutzomyia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Beati
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Depaquit J, Ferté H, Léger N, Lefranc F, Alves-Pires C, Hanafi H, Maroli M, Morillas-Marquez F, Rioux JA, Svobodova M, Volf P. ITS 2 sequences heterogeneity in Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus similis (Diptera, Psychodidae): possible consequences in their ability to transmit Leishmania tropica. Int J Parasitol 2002; 32:1123-31. [PMID: 12117495 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An intraspecific study on Phlebotomus sergenti, the main and only proven vector of Leishmania tropica among the members of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus was performed. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences of 12 populations from 10 countries (Cyprus, Egypt, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, Spain, Syria, and Turkey) were compared. Samples also included three species closely related to P. sergenti: Phlebotomus similis (three populations from Greece and Malta), Phlebotomus jacusieli and Phlebotomus kazeruni. Our results confirm the validity of the taxa morphologically characterised, and imply the revision of their distribution areas, which are explained through biogeographical events. At the Miocene time, a migration route, north of the Paratethys sea would have been followed by P. similis to colonise the north of the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans including Greece and its islands, and western Turkey. Phlebotomus sergenti would have followed an Asiatic dispersion as well as a western migration route south of the Tethys sea to colonise North Africa and western Europe. This hypothesis seems to be well supported by high degree of variation observed in the present study, which is not related to colonisation or to intra-populational variation. Two groups can be individualised, one oriental and one western in connection with ecology, host preferences and distribution of L. tropica. We hypothesise that they could be correlated with differences in vectorial capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Depaquit
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
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Clark TL, Meinke LJ, Foster JE. Molecular phylogeny of Diabrotica beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) inferred from analysis of combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 10:303-14. [PMID: 11520353 DOI: 10.1046/j.0962-1075.2001.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of thirteen Diabrotica (representing virgifera and fucata species groups) and two outgroup Acalymma beetle species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were inferred from the phylogenetic analysis of a combined data set of 1323 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the entire second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA of 362 characters. Species investigated were D. adelpha, D. balteata, D. barberi, D. cristata, D. lemniscata, D. longicornis, D. porracea, D. speciosa, D. undecimpunctata howardi, D. u. undecimpunctata, D. virgifera virgifera, D. v. zeae, D. viridula, and outgroup A. blandulum and A. vittatum. Maximum parsimony (MP), minimum evolution (ME), and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of combined COI and ITS-2 sequences clearly place species into their traditional morphological species groups with MP and ME analyses resulting in identical topologies. Results generally confer with a prior work based on allozyme data, but within the virgifera species group, D. barberi and D. longicornis strongly resolve as sister taxa as well as monophyletic with the neotropical species, D. viridula, D. cristata and D. lemniscata also resolve as sister taxa. Both relationships are not in congruence with the prior allozyme-based hypothesis. Within the fucata species group, D. speciosa and D. balteata resolve as sister taxa. Results also strongly supported the D. virgifera and D. undecimpunctata subspecies complexes. Our proposed phylogeny provides some insight into current hypotheses regarding distribution status and evolution of various life history traits for Diabrotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Clark
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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