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Balasubramanian VK, Muthuramalingam JB, Chen YP, Chou JY. Recent trends in lactic acid-producing microorganisms through microbial fermentation for the synthesis of polylactic acid. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:31. [PMID: 38127148 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a range of unique bioplastics that are bio-based and biodegradable. PLA is currently driving market expansion for lactic acid (LA) due to its high demand as a building block in production. One of the most practical and environmentally benign techniques for synthesising PLA is through enzymatic polymerisation of microbial LA monomers. However, microbial LA fermentation does have some limitations. Firstly, it requires the use of a nutritionally rich medium. Secondly, LA production can be disrupted by bacteriophage infection or other microorganisms. Lastly, the yield can be low due to the formation of by-products through heterofermentative pathway. Considering the potential use of PLA as a replacement for conventional petrochemical-based polymers in industrial applications, researchers are focused on exploring the diversity of LA-producing microorganisms from various niches. Their goal is to study the functional properties of these microorganisms and their ability to produce industrially valuable metabolites. This review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of lactic acid-producing microorganisms used in microbial fermentation for PLA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Kumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Po Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
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Kouya T, Ishiyama Y, Ohashi S, Kumakubo R, Yamazaki T, Otaki T. Philodulcilactobacillus myokoensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a fructophilic, acidophilic, and agar-phobic lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented vegetable extracts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286677. [PMID: 37342988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are commonly in the fermentation industry and pose potential positive effects on health. In this study, a new lactic acid bacterium was isolated from fermented vegetable extracts in Myoko, Niigata, Japan. This bacterium is fructophilic, acidophilic, and hard to grow on agar medium. The isolate is Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped, and catalase-negative. Growth occurred at pH 3.5-5.5, with optimal growth at pH 4.5-5.0. The cells formed colonies on a solid MRS medium with 20% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) gellan gum under anaerobic conditions. The bacterium was able to grow on up to 50% (w/v) sucrose but not on d-glucose. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain was most closely related to Apilactobacillus ozensis (93.1% sequence similarity). The values of average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average amino acid sequence identity, and amino acid identity of conserved genes were calculated between the isolated strain (type strain is WR16-4T = NBRC 115064T = DSM 112857T) and its phylogenetically closest type strains. The average nucleotide identity values (73.36-78.28%) and DNA-DNA hybridization values (16.3-32.9%) were significantly lower than the threshold values for species boundaries. The average amino acid sequence identity values (53.96-60.88%) were significantly below the threshold boundary of genus demarcation (68%). The amino acid identity of conserved genes values compared to strain WR16-4T were the genera Apilactobacillus, Nicoliella spurrieriana SGEP1_A5T, Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis HSLZ-75T, and Fructilactobacillus were 62.51-63.79%, 62.87%, 62.03%, and 58.00-61.04%, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene and core genome phylogenetic trees suggested that this novel strain was most closely related to the type strain of A. jinshanensis HSLZ-75T. Based on the physiological, morphological, and phenotypical characteristics of strain WR16-4T, we propose its classification as a novel genus, Philodulcilactobacillus myokoensis gen. nov., sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kouya
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Shota Ohashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryota Kumakubo
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamazaki
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan
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Draft Genome Sequences of 3 Strains of Apilactobacillus kunkeei Isolated from the Bee Gut Microbial Community. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/13/e00088-21. [PMID: 33795338 PMCID: PMC8104046 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00088-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apilactobacillus kunkeei is a fructophilic lactic acid bacterium found in fructose-rich environments such as flowers, fruits, fermented food, honey, and honeydew, as well as in the guts of fructose-feeding insects. We report here the draft genome sequences of three Apilactobacillus kunkeei strains isolated from the gut microbial community of three honeybees. Apilactobacillus kunkeei is a fructophilic lactic acid bacterium found in fructose-rich environments such as flowers, fruits, fermented food, honey, and honeydew, as well as in the guts of fructose-feeding insects. We report here the draft genome sequences of three Apilactobacillus kunkeei strains isolated from the gut microbial community of three honeybees.
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Behare PV, Mazhar S, Pennone V, McAuliffe O. Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from fructose-rich environments for their mannitol-production and milk-gelation abilities. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11138-11151. [PMID: 33010917 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol is a sugar alcohol, or polyol, widely used in the food industry because of its low-calorie properties. Industrial production of mannitol is difficult and expensive. However, certain bacterial species are known to produce mannitol naturally, including certain lactic acid bacteria and fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In this study, bacterial strains isolated from fructose-rich sources, including flowers, leaves, and honey, were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis as Leuconostoc, Fructobacillus, Lactococcus, and Lactobacillus species and 4 non-LAB species. DNA profiles generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis discriminated 32 strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and 6 Fructobacillus strains. Out of 41 LAB strains isolated, 32 were shown to harbor the mdh gene, which encodes the mannitol dehydrogenase enzyme, and several showed remarkable fructose tolerance even at 50% fructose concentrations, indicating their fructophilic nature. Several of the strains isolated, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains DPC 7232 and DPC 7261, Fructobacillus fructosus DPC 7237, and Fructobacillus fructosus DPC 7238, produced higher mannitol concentrations than did the positive control strain Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 during an enzymatic screening assay. Mannitol concentrations were also examined via HPLC in 1% fructose de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe medium (FMRS) or 1% fructose milk (FM). Among the strains, Fructobacillus fructosus DPC 7238 displayed high fructose utilization (9.27 g/L), high mannitol yield (0.99 g of mannitol/g of fructose), and greatest volumetric productivities (0.46 g/L per h) in FMRS. However, Leuconostoc mesenteroides DPC 7261 demonstrated the highest fructose utilization (8.99 g/L), mannitol yield (0.72 g of mannitol/g of fructose), and volumetric productivities (0.04 g/L per h) in FM. Storage modulus G' (>0.1 Pa) indicated a shorter gelation time for Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 (8.73 h), followed by F. fructosus DPC 7238 (11.57 h) and L. mesenteroides DPC 7261 (14.52 h). Our results show that fructose-rich niches can be considered important sources of fructophilic LAB strains, with the potential to be used as starter cultures or adjunct cultures for the manufacture of mannitol-enriched fermented dairy products and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip V Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Shahneela Mazhar
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996 Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Pennone
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996 Ireland
| | - Olivia McAuliffe
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996 Ireland; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996 Ireland.
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Zendo T, Ohashi C, Maeno S, Piao X, Salminen S, Sonomoto K, Endo A. Kunkecin A, a New Nisin Variant Bacteriocin Produced by the Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacterium, Apilactobacillus kunkeei FF30-6 Isolated From Honey Bees. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:571903. [PMID: 33042078 PMCID: PMC7525160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.571903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apilactobacillus kunkeei FF30-6 isolated from healthy honey bees synthesizes the bacteriocin, which exhibits antimicrobial activity against Melissococcus plutonius. The bacteriocin, kunkecin A, was purified through three-step chromatography, and mass spectrometry revealed that its relative molecular mass was 4218.3. Edman degradation of purified kunkecin A showed only the N-terminal residue, isoleucine. Hence, alkaline alkylation made the subsequent amino acid residues accessible to Edman degradation, and 30 cycles were sequenced with 11 unidentified residues. Whole genome sequencing of A. kunkeei FF30-6, followed by Sanger sequencing, revealed that the genes encoding the proteins involved in lantibiotic biosynthesis were within the plasmid, pKUNFF30-6. Most of the identified proteins exhibited significant sequence similarities to the biosynthetic proteins of nisin A and its variants, such as subtilin. However, the kunkecin A gene cluster lacked the genes corresponding to nisI, nisR, and nisK of the nisin A biosynthetic gene cluster. A comparison of the gene products of kukA and nisA (kunkecin A and nisin A structural genes, respectively) suggested that they had similar post-translational modifications. Furthermore, the structure of kunkecin A was proposed based on a comparison of the observed and calculated relative molecular masses of kunkecin A. The structural analysis revealed that kunkecin A and nisin A had a similar mono-sulfide linkage pattern. Purified kunkecin A exhibited a narrow antibacterial spectrum, but high antibacterial activity against M. plutonius. Kunkecin A is the first bacteriocin to be characterized in fructophilic lactic acid bacteria and is the first nisin-type lantibiotic found in the family Lactobacillaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Zendo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ohashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maeno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Xingguo Piao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
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6
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Welker DL, Crowley BL, Evans JB, Welker MH, Broadbent JR, Roberts RF, Mills DA. Transformation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Apilactobacillus kunkeei is influenced by recipient cell growth temperature, vector replicon, and DNA methylation. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 175:105967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CMAP, Harris HMB, Mattarelli P, O'Toole PW, Pot B, Vandamme P, Walter J, Watanabe K, Wuyts S, Felis GE, Gänzle MG, Lebeer S. A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2782-2858. [PMID: 32293557 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1448] [Impact Index Per Article: 362.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Lactobacillus comprises 261 species (at March 2020) that are extremely diverse at phenotypic, ecological and genotypic levels. This study evaluated the taxonomy of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae on the basis of whole genome sequences. Parameters that were evaluated included core genome phylogeny, (conserved) pairwise average amino acid identity, clade-specific signature genes, physiological criteria and the ecology of the organisms. Based on this polyphasic approach, we propose reclassification of the genus Lactobacillus into 25 genera including the emended genus Lactobacillus, which includes host-adapted organisms that have been referred to as the Lactobacillus delbrueckii group, Paralactobacillus and 23 novel genera for which the names Holzapfelia, Amylolactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Companilactobacillus, Lapidilactobacillus, Agrilactobacillus, Schleiferilactobacillus, Loigolactobacilus, Lacticaseibacillus, Latilactobacillus, Dellaglioa, Liquorilactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Furfurilactobacillus, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Fructilactobacillus, Acetilactobacillus, Apilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Secundilactobacillus and Lentilactobacillus are proposed. We also propose to emend the description of the family Lactobacillaceae to include all genera that were previously included in families Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. The generic term 'lactobacilli' will remain useful to designate all organisms that were classified as Lactobacillaceae until 2020. This reclassification reflects the phylogenetic position of the micro-organisms, and groups lactobacilli into robust clades with shared ecological and metabolic properties, as exemplified for the emended genus Lactobacillus encompassing species adapted to vertebrates (such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensensii, Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus acidophilus) or invertebrates (such as Lactobacillus apis and Lactobacillus bombicola).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui Zheng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Stijn Wittouck
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elisa Salvetti
- Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Charles M A P Franz
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hugh M B Harris
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- University of Bologna, Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Bruno Pot
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.,National Taiwan University, Dept. of Animal Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sander Wuyts
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Michael G Gänzle
- Hubei University of Technology, College of Bioengineering and Food Science, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.,Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Comparative genomics of Lactobacillus species as bee symbionts and description of Lactobacillus bombintestini sp. nov., isolated from the gut of Bombus ignitus. J Microbiol 2020; 58:445-455. [PMID: 32222941 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Lactobacillus genus is widely used for fermentation of plant materials and dairy products. These species are typically found in highly specialized environments, with the bee gut serving as one of the niche locations in which Lactobacillus is detected. Lactobacillus species isolated from the bee gut and bee-related habitats were phylogenetically classified into three distinct groups, Lactobacillus kunkeei, Firm-4, and Firm-5. The L. kunkeei group was clearly differentiated from other members of the Lactobacillus buchneri group isolated from non-bee habitats. In comparison with non-bee members of the L. buchneri group, three bee-symbiotic Lactobacillus groups had a small-sized genome with low G + C content and showed a sharp reduction in the number of genes involved in energy production, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and amino acid transport and metabolism. In addition, all three groups lacked the mutY gene, which encodes A/G-specific adenine glycosylase. The phylogenetic dendrogram based on the presence or absence of 1,199 functional genes indicated that these bee-symbiotic groups experienced convergent evolution. The occurrence of convergent evolution is thought to stem from the three bee-symbiotic groups sharing a similar habitat, i.e., the bee gut. The causative factor underlying genomic reduction was postulated to be mutY, which was absent in all three groups. Here, a novel strain, BHWM-4T, isolated from the gut of Bombus ignites was studied using polyphasic taxonomy and classified as a new member of the L. kunkeei group. The strain was Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, and rod-shaped. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and genome analysis revealed that strain BHWM-4T was clustered into the L. kunkeei group, forming a compact cluster with L. kunkeei and Lactobacillus apinorum. Biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic data of strain BHWM-4T supports the proposal of a novel species, Lactobacillus bombintestini sp. nov., whose type strain is BHWM-4T (= KACC 19317 = NBRC 113067T).
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Ruiz Rodríguez LG, Mohamed F, Bleckwedel J, Medina R, De Vuyst L, Hebert EM, Mozzi F. Diversity and Functional Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Wild Fruits and Flowers Present in Northern Argentina. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1091. [PMID: 31164879 PMCID: PMC6536596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are capable of converting carbohydrate substrates into organic acids (mainly lactic acid) and producing a wide range of metabolites. Due to their interesting beneficial properties, LAB are widely used as starter cultures, as probiotics, and as microbial cell factories. Exploring LAB present in unknown niches may lead to the isolation of unique species or strains with relevant technological properties. Autochthonous rather than allochthonous starter cultures are preferred in the current industry of fermented food products, due to better adaptation and performance of autochthonous strains to the matrix they originate from. In this work, the lactic microbiota of eight different wild tropical types of fruits and four types of flowers were studied. The ability of the isolated strains to produce metabolites of interest to the food industry was evaluated. The presence of 21 species belonging to the genera Enterococcus, Fructobacillus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella was evidenced by using culture-dependent techniques. The isolated LAB corresponded to 95 genotypically differentiated strains by applying rep-PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene; subsequently, representative strains of the different isolated species were studied for technological properties, such as fast growth rate and acidifying capacity; pectinolytic and cinnamoyl esterase activities, and absence of biogenic amine biosynthesis. Additionally, the strains' capacity to produce ethyl esters as well as mannitol was evaluated. The isolated fruit- and flower-origin LAB displayed functional properties that validate their potential use in the manufacture of fermented fruit-based products setting the background for the design of novel functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana G Ruiz Rodríguez
- Technology and Development Laboratory, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Florencia Mohamed
- Technology and Development Laboratory, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juliana Bleckwedel
- Technology and Development Laboratory, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Roxana Medina
- Technology and Development Laboratory, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luc De Vuyst
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elvira M Hebert
- Technology and Development Laboratory, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Mozzi
- Technology and Development Laboratory, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Ephrem E, Najjar A, Charcosset C, Greige-Gerges H. Selection of nerolidol among a series of terpenic and phenolic compounds for its potent activity against Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 9338. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Filannino P, Di Cagno R, Tlais AZA, Cantatore V, Gobbetti M. Fructose-rich niches traced the evolution of lactic acid bacteria toward fructophilic species. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:65-81. [PMID: 30663917 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1543649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are found in fructose-rich habitats associated with flowers, fruits, fermented foods, and the gastrointestinal tract of several insects having a fructose-based diet. FLAB are heterofermentative lactobacilli that prefer fructose instead of glucose as carbon source, although additional electron acceptor substrates (e.g. oxygen) remarkably enhance their growth on glucose. As a newly discovered bacterial group, FLAB are gaining increasing interest. In this review, the ecological context in which these bacteria exist and evolve was resumed. The wide frequency of isolation of FLAB from fructose feeding insects has been deepened to reveal their ecological significance. Genomic, metabolic data, reductive evolution, and niche specialization of the main FLAB species have been discussed. Findings to date acquired are consistent with a metabolic model in which FLAB display a reliance on environmental niches and the degree of host specificity. In light of FLAB proximity to lactic acid bacteria generally considered to be safe, and due to their peculiar metabolic traits, FLAB may be successfully exploited in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Filannino
- a Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- b Faculty of Science and Technology , Libera Università di Bolzano , Bolzano , Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Cantatore
- a Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- b Faculty of Science and Technology , Libera Università di Bolzano , Bolzano , Italy
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12
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Measures to improve wine malolactic fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2033-2051. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Endo A, Maeno S, Tanizawa Y, Kneifel W, Arita M, Dicks L, Salminen S. Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria, a Unique Group of Fructose-Fermenting Microbes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01290-18. [PMID: 30054367 PMCID: PMC6146980 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01290-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are a recently discovered group, consisting of a few Fructobacillus and Lactobacillus species. Because of their unique characteristics, including poor growth on glucose and preference of oxygen, they are regarded as "unconventional" lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Their unusual growth characteristics are due to an incomplete gene encoding a bifunctional alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (adhE). This results in the imbalance of NAD/NADH and the requirement of additional electron acceptors to metabolize glucose. Oxygen, fructose, and pyruvate are used as electron acceptors. FLAB have significantly fewer genes for carbohydrate metabolism than other LAB, especially due to the lack of complete phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporters. They have been isolated from fructose-rich environments, including flowers, fruits, fermented fruits, and the guts of insects that feed on plants rich in fructose, and are separated into two groups on the basis of their habitats. One group is associated with flowers, grapes, wines, and insects, and the second group is associated with ripe fruits and fruit fermentations. Species associated with insects may play a role in the health of their host and are regarded as suitable vectors for paratransgenesis in honey bees. Besides their impact on insect health, FLAB may be promising candidates for the promotion of human health. Further studies are required to explore their beneficial properties in animals and humans and their applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maeno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Masanori Arita
- National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Leon Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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14
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The molecular and phenotypic characterization of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria isolated from the guts of Apis mellifera L. derived from a Polish apiary. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:503-514. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Lactobacillus kosoi sp. nov., a fructophilic species isolated from kôso, a Japanese sugar-vegetable fermented beverage. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 111:1149-1156. [PMID: 29353462 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel Gram-positive, fructophilic, catalase negative, and rod-shaped strain, designated strain 10HT was isolated from kôso, a Japanese sugar-vegetable fermented beverage obtained from a food processing factory in Saku City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed strain 10HT to belong to the genus Lactobacillus, with closely related type strains being Lactobacillus kunkeei YH-15T (95.5% sequence similarity), Lactobacillus ozensis Mizu2-1T (95.4% sequence similarity), and Lactobacillus apinorum Fhon13NT (95.3% sequence similarity). The isolate was found to grow at 18-39 °C (optimum 27 °C), pH 4.0-7.0 (optimum pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0-2% NaCl (optimum 0% NaCl). The G + C content of its genomic DNA was determined to be 30.5 mol%. The major fatty acid (≥ 10%) components identified included C16:0, C19:0 cyclo ω7c, C19:0 cyclo ω9c, and C18:1 ω9c. The polar lipids were identified as lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and glycolipids. The predominant isoprenoid quinones (> 10%) were identified as MK-7, MK-8, MK-9 and MK-10. The amino acid composition of the cell wall was detected as comprising Asp, Glu, Ala, and Lys but the strain lacks meso-diaminopimelic acid. As with other fructophilic lactic acid bacteria, such as L. kunkeei and L. apinorum, strain 10HT was found to prefer D-fructose to D-glucose as a growth substrate. On the basis of these genetic and phenotypic results, the isolate is concluded to represent a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus kosoi is proposed. The type strain is 10HT (= NBRC 113063T = BCRC 81100T).
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16
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Arredondo D, Castelli L, Porrini MP, Garrido PM, Eguaras MJ, Zunino P, Antúnez K. Lactobacillus kunkeei strains decreased the infection by honey bee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Nosema ceranae. Benef Microbes 2017; 9:279-290. [PMID: 29264966 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their social behaviour, honey bees can be infected by a wide range of pathogens including the microsporidia Nosema ceranae and the bacteria Paenibacillus larvae. The use of probiotics as food additives for the control or prevention of infectious diseases is a widely used approach to improve human and animal health. In this work, we generated a mixture of four Lactobacillus kunkeei strains isolated from the gut microbial community of bees, and evaluated its potential beneficial effect on larvae and adult bees. Its administration in controlled laboratory models was safe for larvae and bees; it did not affect the expression of immune-related genes and it was able to decrease the mortality associated to P. larvae infection in larvae and the counts of N. ceranae spores from adult honey bees. These promising results suggest that this beneficial microorganism's mixture may be an attractive strategy to improve bee health. Field studies are being carried out to evaluate its effect in naturally infected colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arredondo
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avda. Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Castelli
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avda. Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M P Porrini
- 2 Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Departamento de Biología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - P M Garrido
- 2 Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Departamento de Biología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M J Eguaras
- 2 Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Departamento de Biología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - P Zunino
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avda. Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - K Antúnez
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avda. Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
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17
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Rodriguez SB, Thornton MA, Thornton RJ. Discrimination of wine lactic acid bacteria by Raman spectroscopy. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1167-1175. [PMID: 28439768 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Oenococcus, and Leuconostoc play an important role in winemaking, as either inoculants or contaminants. The metabolic products of these lactic acid bacteria have considerable effects on the flavor, aroma, and texture of a wine. However, analysis of a wine's microflora, especially the bacteria, is rarely done unless spoilage becomes evident, and identification at the species or strain level is uncommon as the methods required are technically difficult and expensive. In this work, we used Raman spectral fingerprints to discriminate 19 strains of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Oenococcus. Species of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus and strains of O. oeni and P. damnosus were classified with high sensitivity: 86-90 and 84-85%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that a simple, inexpensive method utilizing Raman spectroscopy can be used to accurately identify lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Rodriguez
- Department of Enology and Viticulture, California State University, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Mark A Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Roy J Thornton
- Department of Enology and Viticulture, California State University, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA.
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18
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Improvement of identification methods for honeybee specific Lactic Acid Bacteria; future approaches. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174614. [PMID: 28346815 PMCID: PMC5367889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees face many parasites and pathogens and consequently rely on a diverse set of individual and group-level defenses to prevent disease. The crop microbiota of Apis mellifera, composed of 13 Lactic Acid Bacterial (LAB) species within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, form a beneficial symbiotic relationship with each other and the honeybee to protect their niche and their host. Possibly playing a vital role in honeybee health, it is important that these honeybee specific Lactic Acid Bacterial (hbs-LAB) symbionts can be correctly identified, isolated and cultured, to further investigate their health promoting properties. We have previously reported successful identification to the strain level by culture-dependent methods and we recently sequenced and annotated the genomes of the 13 hbs-LAB. However, the hitherto applied techniques are unfortunately very time consuming, expensive and not ideal when analyzing a vast quantity of samples. In addition, other researchers have constantly failed to identify the 13 hbs-LAB from honeybee samples by using inadequate media and/or molecular techniques based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing with insufficient discriminatory power. The aim of this study was to develop better and more suitable methods for the identification and cultivation of hbs-LAB. We compared currently used bacterial cultivation media and could for the first time demonstrate a significant variation in the hbs-LAB basic requirements for optimal growth. We also present a new bacterial identification approach based on amplicon sequencing of a region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina platform and an error correction software that can be used to successfully differentiate and rapidly identify the 13 hbs-LAB to the strain level.
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19
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McFrederick QS, Thomas JM, Neff JL, Vuong HQ, Russell KA, Hale AR, Mueller UG. Flowers and Wild Megachilid Bees Share Microbes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:188-200. [PMID: 27592345 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Transmission pathways have fundamental influence on microbial symbiont persistence and evolution. For example, the core gut microbiome of honey bees is transmitted socially and via hive surfaces, but some non-core bacteria associated with honey bees are also found on flowers, and these bacteria may therefore be transmitted indirectly between bees via flowers. Here, we test whether multiple flower and wild megachilid bee species share microbes, which would suggest that flowers may act as hubs of microbial transmission. We sampled the microbiomes of flowers (either bagged to exclude bees or open to allow bee visitation), adults, and larvae of seven megachilid bee species and their pollen provisions. We found a Lactobacillus operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in all samples but in the highest relative and absolute abundances in adult and larval bee guts and pollen provisions. The presence of the same bacterial types in open and bagged flowers, pollen provisions, and bees supports the hypothesis that flowers act as hubs of transmission of these bacteria between bees. The presence of bee-associated bacteria in flowers that have not been visited by bees suggests that these bacteria may also be transmitted to flowers via plant surfaces, the air, or minute insect vectors such as thrips. Phylogenetic analyses of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the Lactobacillus OTU dominating in flower- and megachilid-associated microbiomes is monophyletic, and we propose the name Lactobacillus micheneri sp. nov. for this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason M Thomas
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - John L Neff
- Central Texas Melittological Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hoang Q Vuong
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kaleigh A Russell
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Amanda R Hale
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ulrich G Mueller
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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20
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Maeno S, Tanizawa Y, Kanesaki Y, Kubota E, Kumar H, Dicks L, Salminen S, Nakagawa J, Arita M, Endo A. Genomic characterization of a fructophilic bee symbiont Lactobacillus kunkeei reveals its niche-specific adaptation. Syst Appl Microbiol 2016; 39:516-526. [PMID: 27776911 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus kunkeei is classified as a sole obligate fructophilic lactic acid bacterium that is found in fructose-rich niches, including the guts of honeybees. The species is differentiated from other lactobacilli based on its poor growth with glucose, enhanced growth in the presence of oxygen and other electron acceptors, and production of high concentrations of acetate from the metabolism of glucose. These characteristics are similar to phylogenetically distant Fructobacillus spp. In the present study, the genomic structure of L. kunkeei was characterized by using 16 different strains, and it had significantly less genes and smaller genomes when compared with other lactobacilli. Functional gene classification revealed that L. kunkeei had lost genes specifically involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. The species also lacked most of the genes for respiration, although growth was enhanced in the presence of oxygen. The adhE gene of L. kunkeei, encoding a bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)/aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) protein, lacked the part encoding the ADH domain, which is reported here for the first time in lactic acid bacteria. The deletion resulted in the lack of ADH activity, implying a requirement for electron acceptors in glucose assimilation. These results clearly indicated that L. kunkeei had undergone a specific reductive evolution in order to adapt to fructose-rich environments. The reduction characteristics were similar to those of Fructobacillus spp., but distinct from other lactobacilli with small genomes, such as Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus vaginalis. Fructose-richness thus induced an environment-specific gene reduction in phylogenetically distant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Maeno
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanizawa
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan; Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yu Kanesaki
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Kubota
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leon Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Junichi Nakagawa
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan.
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21
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Vasileva T, Bivolarski V, Michailova G, Salim A, Rabadjiev Y, Ivanova I, Iliev I. Glucansucrases produced by fructophilic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus kunkeei H3 and H25 isolated from honeybees. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:68-77. [PMID: 27633178 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Twenty fructophilic isolates from the stomachs of honeybee Apis mellifera ligustica from the region of Plovdiv, Bulgaria were obtained. Fructophilic isolates H3 and H25 showed formation of mucous colonies during cultivation on medium with sucrose, suggesting exopolysaccharide synthesis. The sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA identified isolates H3 and H25 as fructophilic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus kunkeei. The in situ analysis and periodic acid-Schiff's staining, showed that Lb. kunkeei H3 and H25 produce extracellular glucansucrases with molecular weight of about 300 kDa. In the cell-associated fractions, additional glucansucrase is detected with molecular weight of about 180 kDa. The content of α-(1 → 6) linkages in the glucans synthesized with extracellular glucansucrases from H3 and H25 after dextranase hydrolysis was significantly lower than this one of the classical dextran - about 35 and 62%, respectively. These results suggest a more branched structure of the studied polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonka Vasileva
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Bivolarski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Michailova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ayshe Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Rabadjiev
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iskra Ivanova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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22
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Asenjo F, Olmos A, Henríquez-Piskulich P, Polanco V, Aldea P, Ugalde JA, Trombert AN. Genome sequencing and analysis of the first complete genome of Lactobacillus kunkeei strain MP2, an Apis mellifera gut isolate. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1950. [PMID: 27114887 PMCID: PMC4841242 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most important pollinator in agriculture worldwide. However, the number of honey bees has fallen significantly since 2006, becoming a huge ecological problem nowadays. The principal cause is CCD, or Colony Collapse Disorder, characterized by the seemingly spontaneous abandonment of hives by their workers. One of the characteristics of CCD in honey bees is the alteration of the bacterial communities in their gastrointestinal tract, mainly due to the decrease of Firmicutes populations, such as the Lactobacilli. At this time, the causes of these alterations remain unknown. We recently isolated a strain of Lactobacillus kunkeei (L. kunkeei strain MP2) from the gut of Chilean honey bees. L. kunkeei, is one of the most commonly isolated bacterium from the honey bee gut and is highly versatile in different ecological niches. In this study, we aimed to elucidate in detail, the L. kunkeei genetic background and perform a comparative genome analysis with other Lactobacillus species. Methods. L. kunkeei MP2 was originally isolated from the guts of Chilean A. mellifera individuals. Genome sequencing was done using Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing technology. De novo assembly was performed using Celera assembler. The genome was annotated using Prokka, and functional information was added using the EggNOG 3.1 database. In addition, genomic islands were predicted using IslandViewer, and pro-phage sequences using PHAST. Comparisons between L. kunkeei MP2 with other L. kunkeei, and Lactobacillus strains were done using Roary. Results. The complete genome of L. kunkeei MP2 comprises one circular chromosome of 1,614,522 nt. with a GC content of 36,9%. Pangenome analysis with 16 L. kunkeei strains, identified 113 unique genes, most of them related to phage insertions. A large and unique region of L. kunkeei MP2 genome contains several genes that encode for phage structural protein and replication components. Comparative analysis of MP2 with other Lactobacillus species, identified several unique genes of L. kunkeei MP2 related with metabolism, biofilm generation, survival under stress conditions, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Discussion. The presence of multiple mobile genetic elements, including phage sequences, suggest a high degree of genetic variability in L. kunkeei. Its versatility and ability to survive in different ecological niches (bee guts, flowers, fruits among others) could be given by its genetic capacity to change and adapt to different environments. L. kunkeei could be a new source of Lactobacillus with beneficial properties. Indeed, L. kunkeei MP2 could play an important role in honey bee nutrition through the synthesis of components as isoprenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Asenjo
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Alejandro Olmos
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Victor Polanco
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Estudios Apícolas CEAPI Mayor, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Aldea
- Centro de Estudios Apícolas CEAPI Mayor, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor , Santiago , Chile
| | - Juan A Ugalde
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Annette N Trombert
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor , Santiago , Chile
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23
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Rangberg A, Mathiesen G, Amdam G, Diep D. The paratransgenic potential of Lactobacillus kunkeei in the honey bee Apis mellifera. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:513-23. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a domestic insect of high value to human societies, as a crop pollinator in agriculture and a model animal in scientific research. The honey bee, however, has experienced massive mortality worldwide due to the phenomenon Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), resulting in alarming prospects for crop failure in Europe and the USA. The reasons for CCD are complex and much debated, but several honey bee pathogens are believed to be involved. Paratransgenesis is a Trojan horse strategy, where endogenous microorganisms are used to express effector molecules that antagonise pathogen development. For use in honey bees, paratransgenesis must rely on a set of criteria that the candidate paratransgenic microorganism must fulfil in order to obtain a successful outcome: (1) the candidate must be genetically modifiable to express effector molecules; (2) the modified organism should have no adverse effects on honey bee health upon reintroduction; and (3) it must survive together with other non-pathogenic bee-associated microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are common gut bacteria in vertebrates and invertebrates, and some have naturally beneficial properties in their host. In the present work we aimed to find a potential paratransgenic candidate within this bacterial group for use in honey bees. Among isolated LAB associated with bee gut microbiota, we found the fructophilic Lactobacillus kunkeei to be the most predominant species during foraging seasons. Four genetically different strains of L. kunkeei were selected for further assessment. We demonstrated (1) that L. kunkeei is transformable; (2) that the transformed cells had no obvious adverse effect on honey bee survival; and (3) that transformed cells survived well in the gut environment of bees upon reintroduction. Our study demonstrates that L. kunkeei fulfils the three criteria for paratransgenesis and can be a suitable candidate for further research on this strategy in honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rangberg
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - G. Mathiesen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - G.V. Amdam
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874501, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - D.B. Diep
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
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24
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Tamarit D, Ellegaard KM, Wikander J, Olofsson T, Vásquez A, Andersson SGE. Functionally Structured Genomes in Lactobacillus kunkeei Colonizing the Honey Crop and Food Products of Honeybees and Stingless Bees. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:1455-73. [PMID: 25953738 PMCID: PMC4494060 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus kunkeei is the most abundant bacterial species in the honey crop and food products of honeybees. The 16 S rRNA genes of strains isolated from different bee species are nearly identical in sequence and therefore inadequate as markers for studies of coevolutionary patterns. Here, we have compared the 1.5 Mb genomes of ten L. kunkeei strains isolated from all recognized Apis species and another two strains from Meliponini species. A gene flux analysis, including previously sequenced Lactobacillus species as outgroups, indicated the influence of reductive evolution. The genome architecture is unique in that vertically inherited core genes are located near the terminus of replication, whereas genes for secreted proteins and putative host-adaptive traits are located near the origin of replication. We suggest that these features have resulted from a genome-wide loss of genes, with integrations of novel genes mostly occurring in regions flanking the origin of replication. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the bacterial topology was incongruent with the host topology, and that strains of the same microcluster have recombined frequently across the host species barriers, arguing against codiversification. Multiple genotypes were recovered in the individual hosts and transfers of mobile elements could be demonstrated for strains isolated from the same host species. Unlike other bacteria with small genomes, short generation times and multiple rRNA operons suggest that L. kunkeei evolves under selection for rapid growth in its natural growth habitat. The results provide an extended framework for reductive genome evolution and functional genome organization in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tamarit
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Kirsten M Ellegaard
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Johan Wikander
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Tobias Olofsson
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Alejandra Vásquez
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Siv G E Andersson
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
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25
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Ellegaard KM, Tamarit D, Javelind E, Olofsson TC, Andersson SGE, Vásquez A. Extensive intra-phylotype diversity in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from the honeybee gut. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:284. [PMID: 25880915 PMCID: PMC4449606 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the honeybee Apis mellifera, the bacterial gut community is consistently colonized by eight distinct phylotypes of bacteria. Managed bee colonies are of considerable economic interest and it is therefore important to elucidate the diversity and role of this microbiota in the honeybee. In this study, we have sequenced the genomes of eleven strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria isolated from the honey crop of the honeybee A. mellifera. Results Single gene phylogenies confirmed that the isolated strains represent the diversity of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gut, as previously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Core genome phylogenies of the lactobacilli and bifidobacteria further indicated extensive divergence between strains classified as the same phylotype. Phylotype-specific protein families included unique surface proteins. Within phylotypes, we found a remarkably high level of gene content diversity. Carbohydrate metabolism and transport functions contributed up to 45% of the accessory genes, with some genomes having a higher content of genes encoding phosphotransferase systems for the uptake of carbohydrates than any previously sequenced genome. These genes were often located in highly variable genomic segments that also contained genes for enzymes involved in the degradation and modification of sugar residues. Strain-specific gene clusters for the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides were identified in two phylotypes. The dynamics of these segments contrasted with low recombination frequencies and conserved gene order structures for the core genes. Hits for CRISPR spacers were almost exclusively found within phylotypes, suggesting that the phylotypes are associated with distinct phage populations. Conclusions The honeybee gut microbiota has been described as consisting of a modest number of phylotypes; however, the genomes sequenced in the current study demonstrated a very high level of gene content diversity within all three described phylotypes of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, particularly in terms of metabolic functions and surface structures, where many features were strain-specific. Together, these results indicate niche differentiation within phylotypes, suggesting that the honeybee gut microbiota is more complex than previously thought. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1476-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Ellegaard
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Tamarit
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emelie Javelind
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tobias C Olofsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Siv G E Andersson
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alejandra Vásquez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
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Lim HC, Chu CC, Seufferheld MJ, Cameron SA. Deep sequencing and ecological characterization of gut microbial communities of diverse bumble bee species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118566. [PMID: 25768110 PMCID: PMC4359114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut bacterial communities of bumble bees are correlated with defense against pathogens. Further understanding this host-microbe association is vitally important as bumble bees are currently experiencing global population declines, potentially due in part to emergent diseases. In this study, we used pyrosequencing and community fingerprinting (ARISA) to characterize the gut microbial communities of nine bumble species from across the Bombus phylogeny. Overall, we delimited 74 bacterial taxa (operational taxonomic units or OTUs) belonging to Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, Flavobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. Each bacterial community was taxonomically simple, containing an average of 1.9 common (relative abundance per sample > 5%) bacterial OTUs. The most abundant and prevalent (occurring in 92% of the samples) bacterial OTU, based on 16S rRNA sequences, closely matched that of the previously described Betaproteobacteria species Snodgrassella alvi. Bacteria that were first described in bee-related external environments dominated a number of gut bacterial communities, suggesting that they are not strictly dependent on the internal gut environment. The ARISA data showed a correlation between bacterial community structures and the geographic locations where the bees were sampled, suggesting that at least a subset of the bacterial species may be transmitted environmentally. Using light and fluorescent microscopy, we demonstrated that the gut bacteria form a biofilm on the internal epithelial surface of the ileum, corroborating results obtained from Apis mellifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haw Chuan Lim
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HCL); (MJS); (SAC)
| | - Chia-Ching Chu
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Manfredo J. Seufferheld
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HCL); (MJS); (SAC)
| | - Sydney A. Cameron
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HCL); (MJS); (SAC)
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Djukic M, Poehlein A, Strauß J, Tann FJ, Leimbach A, Hoppert M, Daniel R. High quality draft genome of Lactobacillus kunkeei EFB6, isolated from a German European foulbrood outbreak of honeybees. Stand Genomic Sci 2015. [PMID: 26203329 PMCID: PMC4511666 DOI: 10.1186/1944-3277-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus kunkeei has been described as an inhabitant of fructose-rich niches. Here we report on the genome sequence of L. kunkeei EFB6, which has been isolated from a honeybee larva infected with European foulbrood. The draft genome comprises 1,566,851 bp and 1,417 predicted protein-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Djukic
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Strauß
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Jannik Tann
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leimbach
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hoppert
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Olofsson TC, Butler È, Markowicz P, Lindholm C, Larsson L, Vásquez A. Lactic acid bacterial symbionts in honeybees - an unknown key to honey's antimicrobial and therapeutic activities. Int Wound J 2014; 13:668-79. [PMID: 25195876 PMCID: PMC7949542 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Could honeybees' most valuable contribution to mankind besides pollination services be alternative tools against infections? Today, due to the emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens, we are facing a new era of searching for alternative tools against infections. Natural products such as honey have been applied against human's infections for millennia without sufficient scientific evidence. A unique lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota was discovered by us, which is in symbiosis with honeybees and present in large amounts in fresh honey across the world. This work investigates if the LAB symbionts are the source to the unknown factors contributing to honey's properties. Hence, we tested the LAB against severe wound pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) among others. We demonstrate a strong antimicrobial activity from each symbiont and a synergistic effect, which counteracted all the tested pathogens. The mechanisms of action are partly shown by elucidating the production of active compounds such as proteins, fatty acids, anaesthetics, organic acids, volatiles and hydrogen peroxide. We show that the symbionts produce a myriad of active compounds that remain in variable amounts in mature honey. Further studies are now required to investigate if these symbionts have a potential in clinical applications as alternative tools against topical human and animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias C Olofsson
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Èile Butler
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pawel Markowicz
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lennart Larsson
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alejandra Vásquez
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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29
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Liburdi K, Benucci I, Esti M. Lysozyme in Wine: An Overview of Current and Future Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Liburdi
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological; Agro-food Food and Forest systems Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - I. Benucci
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological; Agro-food Food and Forest systems Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - M. Esti
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological; Agro-food Food and Forest systems Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
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30
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Ahn JH, Hong IP, Bok JI, Kim BY, Song J, Weon HY. Pyrosequencing analysis of the bacterial communities in the guts of honey bees Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in Korea. J Microbiol 2012; 50:735-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Neveling DP, Endo A, Dicks LMT. Fructophilic Lactobacillus kunkeei and Lactobacillus brevis isolated from fresh flowers, bees and bee-hives. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:507-15. [PMID: 22797888 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two-hundred-and-thirty-six isolates were collected from fresh flowers, bees and bee-hives. Of these, 20 isolates preferred D-fructose as carbon source, produced lactic acid and acetic acid but trace amounts of ethanol and were classified as fructophilic. Poor growth was recorded when strains were incubated anaerobically in the presence of D-glucose as sole carbon source. Good growth was, however, recorded when D-glucose was metabolized in the presence of external electron acceptors such as fructose, pyruvate and oxygen. Nineteen of the strains were classified as Lactobacillus kunkeei and one as Lactobacillus brevis based on phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA sequences, recA sequences and DNA homology. This is the first description of a fructophilic strain of L. brevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deon P Neveling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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Endo A. Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria inhabit fructose-rich niches in nature. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2012; 23:18563. [PMID: 23990834 PMCID: PMC3747758 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v23i0.18563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are a special group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which prefer fructose but not glucose as growth substrate. They are found in fructose-rich niches, e.g. flowers, fruits, and fermented foods made from fruits. Quite recently, they were found in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals consuming fructose, which were bumblebees, tropical fruit flies, and Camponotus ants. These suggest that all natural sources that are rich in fructose are possible their habitats. Fructobacillus spp., formerly classified as Leuconostoc spp., are representatives of these microorganisms, and Lactobacillus kunkeei has also been classified as FLAB. They share several unique biochemical characteristics, which have not been found in LAB inhabited in other niches. FLAB grow well on fructose but very poor on glucose. These organisms grow well on glucose only when external electron accepters, e.g. pyruvate or oxygen, are available. LAB have been shown to have specific evolution to adapt to their niches and have several niche-specific characteristics. FLAB must have fructophilic evolution during adaptation to fructose-rich niches. FLAB are unique food-related LAB, suggesting a great potential for future food and feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Endo
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Rangberg A, Diep DB, Rudi K, Amdam GV. Paratransgenesis: an approach to improve colony health and molecular insight in honey bees (Apis mellifera)? Integr Comp Biol 2012; 52:89-99. [PMID: 22659204 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ics089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is highly valued as a commercial crop pollinator and a model animal in research. Over the past several years, governments, beekeepers, and the general public in the United States and Europe have become concerned by increased losses of honey bee colonies, calling for more research on how to keep colonies healthy while still employing them extensively in agriculture. The honey bee, like virtually all multicellular organisms, has a mutually beneficial relationship with specific microbes. The microbiota of the gut can contribute essential nutrients and vitamins and prevent colonization by non-indigenous and potentially harmful species. The gut microbiota is also of interest as a resource for paratransgenesis; a Trojan horse strategy based on genetically modified symbiotic microbes that express effector molecules antagonizing development or transmission of pathogens. Paratransgenesis was originally engineered to combat human diseases and agricultural pests that are vectored by insects. We suggest an alternative use, as a method to promote health of honey bees and to expand the molecular toolbox for research on this beneficial social insect. The honey bees' gut microbiota contains lactic acid bacteria including the genus Lactobacillus that has paratransgenic potential. We present a strategy for transforming one Lactobacillus species, L. kunkeei, for use as a vector to promote health of honey bees and functional genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbjørg Rangberg
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
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Vásquez A, Forsgren E, Fries I, Paxton RJ, Flaberg E, Szekely L, Olofsson TC. Symbionts as major modulators of insect health: lactic acid bacteria and honeybees. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33188. [PMID: 22427985 PMCID: PMC3299755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well recognized beneficial host-associated members of the microbiota of humans and animals. Yet LAB-associations of invertebrates have been poorly characterized and their functions remain obscure. Here we show that honeybees possess an abundant, diverse and ancient LAB microbiota in their honey crop with beneficial effects for bee health, defending them against microbial threats. Our studies of LAB in all extant honeybee species plus related apid bees reveal one of the largest collections of novel species from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ever discovered within a single insect and suggest a long (>80 mya) history of association. Bee associated microbiotas highlight Lactobacillus kunkeei as the dominant LAB member. Those showing potent antimicrobial properties are acquired by callow honey bee workers from nestmates and maintained within the crop in biofilms, though beekeeping management practices can negatively impact this microbiota. Prophylactic practices that enhance LAB, or supplementary feeding of LAB, may serve in integrated approaches to sustainable pollinator service provision. We anticipate this microbiota will become central to studies on honeybee health, including colony collapse disorder, and act as an exemplar case of insect-microbe symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Vásquez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Forsgren
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Fries
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert J. Paxton
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Emilie Flaberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laszlo Szekely
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias C. Olofsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Kawasaki S, Kurosawa K, Miyazaki M, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, Niimura Y. Lactobacillus ozensis sp. nov., isolated from mountain flowers. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:2435-2438. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.027847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five strains (Mizu2-1T, Gon2-7, Koba6-1, Koyu2-2 and Miya2-2) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from flowers in Oze National Park, Japan, using anaerobic cultivation. The five isolates were found to share identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. The isolates exhibited low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to known LAB; the closest recognized relatives of strain Mizu2-1T were the type strains of Lactobacillus kunkeei (94.9 %), Lactobacillus kefiri (94.1 %) and Lactobacillus buchneri (93.9 %). Comparative analyses of rpoA and pheS gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolates did not show significant relationships to other Lactobacillus species. The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and heterofermentative. Anaerobic growth was better than aerobic growth. The isolates utilized a narrow range of carbohydrates as sources of carbon and energy, including glucose and fructose. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic data, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ozensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Mizu2-1T ( = JCM 17196T = DSM 23829T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kawasaki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kana Kurosawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Madoka Miyazaki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sakamoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Youichi Niimura
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Kawasaki S, Kurosawa K, Miyazaki M, Yagi C, Kitajima Y, Tanaka S, Irisawa T, Okada S, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, Niimura Y. Lactobacillus floricola sp. nov., lactic acid bacteria isolated from mountain flowers. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1356-1359. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.022988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five strains (Ryu1-2T, Gon2-9, Ryu4-3, Nog8-1 and Aza1-1) of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from flowers in mountainous areas in Japan, Oze National Park, Iizuna mountain and the Nikko area. The five isolates were found to share almost identical (99.6–100 % similar) 16S rRNA gene sequences and were therefore deemed to belong to the same species. These isolates exhibited low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to known lactic acid bacteria; the closest recognized relatives to strain Ryu1-2T were the type strains of Lactobacillus hilgardii (92.8 % similarity), Lactobacillus kefiri (92.7 %), Lactobacillus composti (92.6 %) and Lactobacillus buchneri (92.4 %). Comparative analyses of rpoA and pheS gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolates did not show significant relationships to other Lactobacillus species. The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and homofermentative. The isolates utilized a narrow range of carbohydrates as sources of carbon and energy, including glucose and fructose. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic data, these isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus floricola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ryu1-2T ( = NRIC 0774T = JCM 16512T = DSM 23037T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kawasaki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kana Kurosawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Madoka Miyazaki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Chisato Yagi
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yoritaka Kitajima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeta Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Irisawa
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Sanae Okada
- NODAI Culture Collection Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sakamoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Youichi Niimura
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Endo A, Irisawa T, Futagawa-Endo Y, Takano K, du Toit M, Okada S, Dicks LMT. Characterization and emended description of Lactobacillus kunkeei as a fructophilic lactic acid bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 62:500-504. [PMID: 21478398 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.031054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus kunkeei is an inhabitant of fructose-rich niches and is a potential member of the fructophilic lactic acid bacteria. In the present study, the phylogenetic and biochemical characteristics of the type strain and eight isolates of L. kunkeei, originating from wine, flowers and honey, were studied. The nine isolates, including the type strain, formed a well-defined phylogenetic subcluster based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The subcluster was not closely related to other subclusters in the Lactobacillus phylogenetic group. Biochemically, the eight new isolates showed typical fructophilic characteristics. The eight isolates grew poorly on glucose, but grew well on fructose. Good growth on glucose was only recorded in the presence of electron acceptors. The type strain of L. kunkeei differed from the other isolates only on the basis of poor growth on fructose. Although they belong to a group of obligately heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, all nine isolates, including the type strain, produced almost equimolar amounts of lactic acid and acetic acid and very little ethanol from glucose. Eight of the isolates can thus be regarded as typical 'obligately' fructophilic lactic acid bacteria. Although the type strain of L. kunkeei was phenotypically slightly different from the other isolates, it possessed several important fructophilic characteristics. On the basis of the evidence gathered in this study, the type strain of L. kunkeei is recognized as a member of the 'obligately' fructophilic lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Endo
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.,Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Tomohiro Irisawa
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Futagawa-Endo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Katsumi Takano
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Maret du Toit
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Sanae Okada
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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Mesas JM, Rodríguez MC, Alegre MT. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria from musts and wines of three consecutive vintages of Ribeira Sacra. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 52:258-68. [PMID: 21204877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to isolate and characterize the lactic acid microbiota of the musts and wines of a young denomination of origin area, Ribeira Sacra in north-west Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS Over three consecutive years (2007, 2008 and 2009), we examined musts and wines from four cellars in different zones of the region. Through biochemical and genetic tests, 459 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were identified as the following species: Lactobacillus alvei (0·7%), Lactobacillus brevis (1·7%), Lactobacillus frumenti (0·9%), Lactobacillus kunkeei (12%), Lactobacillus plantarum (6·5%), Lactobacillus pentosus (0·9%), Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (3%), Leuconostoc citreum (0·7%), Leuconostoc fructosum (synon. Lactobacillus fructosum) (3·7%), Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides (2·8%), Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (0·2%), Oenococcus oeni (59%), Pediococcus parvulus (7%) and Weisella paramesenteroides (synon. Leuconostoc paramesenteroides) (0·9%). Of these species, O. oeni was the main one responsible for malolactic fermentation (MLF) in all cellars and years with the exception of Lact. plantarum, predominant in 2007, in one cellar, and Lact. brevis, Lact. frumenti and Ped. parvulus coexisting with O. oeni in one cellar in 2009. Different strains (84) of LAB species (14) were identified by biochemical techniques (API strips, the presence of plasmids, enzyme activities and MLF performance) and molecular techniques (PCR). All assays were carried out with every one of the 459 isolates. To select candidates for use as culture starters, we assessed malolactic, β-glucosidase and tannase activities, the presence of genes involved in biogenic amine production and plasmid content. CONCLUSIONS A high diversity of LAB is present in the grape musts of Ribeira Sacra but few species are responsible for MLF; however, different strains of such species are involved in the process. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of Lact. frumenti thriving in wine. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Information on LAB populations in must and wine is presented. A large collection of well-characterized strains of LAB are available as starter cultures to winemakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mesas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología (Tecnología de Alimentos), Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, Lugo, Spain.
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du Toit M, Engelbrecht L, Lerm E, Krieger-Weber S. Lactobacillus: the Next Generation of Malolactic Fermentation Starter Cultures—an Overview. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Torriani S, Felis GE, Fracchetti F. Selection criteria and tools for malolactic starters development: an update. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Endo A, Futagawa-Endo Y, Dicks LMT. Isolation and characterization of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria from fructose-rich niches. Syst Appl Microbiol 2009; 32:593-600. [PMID: 19733991 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen strains of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fructose-rich niches, flowers, and fruits. Phylogenetic analysis and BLAST analysis of 16S rDNA sequences identified six strains as Lactobacillus kunkeei, four as Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus, and one as Fructobacillus fructosus. The remaining three strains grouped within the Lactobacillus buchneri phylogenetic subcluster, but shared low sequence similarities to other known Lactobacillus spp. The fructophilic strains fermented only a few carbohydrates and fermented D-fructose faster than D-glucose. Based on the growth characteristics, the 14 isolates were divided into two groups. Strains in the first group containing L. kunkeei, F. fructosus, and F. pseudoficulneus grew well on D-fructose and on D-glucose with pyruvate or oxygen as external electron acceptors, but poorly on D-glucose without the electron acceptors. Strains in this group were classified as "obligately" fructophilic lactic acid bacteria. The second group contained three unidentified strains of Lactobacillus that grew well on D-fructose and on D-glucose with the electron acceptors. These strains grew on D-glucose without the electron acceptors, but at a delayed rate. Strains in this group were classified as facultatively fructophilic lactic acid bacteria. All fructophilic isolates were heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, but "obligately" fructophilic lactic acid bacteria mainly produced lactic acid and acetic acid and very little ethanol from D-glucose. Facultatively fructophilic strains produced lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol, but at a ratio different from that recorded for heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. These unique characteristics may have been obtained through adaptation to the habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Endo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, South Africa.
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Manes-Lazaro R, Ferrer S, Rodas AM, Urdiain M, Pardo I. Lactobacillus bobalius sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from Spanish Bobal grape must. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:2699-703. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mañes-Lázaro R, Ferrer S, Rosselló-Mora R, Pardo I. Lactobacillus uvarum sp. nov. – A new lactic acid bacterium isolated from Spanish Bobal grape must. Syst Appl Microbiol 2008; 31:425-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Detection and Identification of a Novel Lactic Acid Bacterial Flora Within the Honey Stomach of the Honeybee Apis mellifera. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57:356-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chenoll E, Carmen Macián M, Aznar R. Lactobacillus tucceti sp. nov., a new lactic acid bacterium isolated from sausage. Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:389-95. [PMID: 16824960 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following the application of several molecular techniques strain R 19c, isolated from sausage by Reuter in 1970 and deposited at the DSMZ as Lactobacillus sp., has been identified as pertaining to a new species. It showed singular ISR-DdeI and ISR-HaeIII profiles that allowed its differentiation from 68 lactic acid bacteria reference strains analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences places this strain in the genus Lactobacillus within the Lactobacillus alimentarius group. Species L. versmoldensis is the closest phylogenetic neighbor with 96.3% sequence similarity. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments confirmed the independent status at species level of this strain. Species-specific primers for PCR detection of this new species have been developed. Phenotypically it can be distinguished from the closest relative L. versmoldensis by several traits such as the peptidoglycan type (L-Lys-Gly-D-Asp), acid production from L-rhamnose, D-mannitol and L-fucose and its inability to ferment d-galactose, d-melibiose and d-sucrose. The name Lactobacillus tucceti sp. nov. is proposed with strain R 19c(T) (=DSM 20183(T)= CECT 5920(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Empar Chenoll
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, P.O. Box 73, Burjassot 46100 Valencia, Spain
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Rodas AM, Chenoll E, Macián MC, Ferrer S, Pardo I, Aznar R. Lactobacillus vini sp. nov., a wine lactic acid bacterium homofermentative for pentoses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:513-517. [PMID: 16514019 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six strains with more than 99.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, identical internal spacer region profiles and restriction analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA gene patterns were isolated from fermenting grape musts during independent studies carried out in France and Spain many years apart. Strains are Gram-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic rods that do not exhibit catalase activity and have the ability to utilize pentose sugars (ribose and/or l-arabinose), although they are homofermentative bacteria. Strains ferment pentoses exclusively yielding lactic acid as the end product. A broad set of molecular techniques has been applied to characterize these strains and the results show a high degree of genotypical congruence, sharing identical profiles with 16S rRNA-based techniques. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed these strains within the genus Lactobacillus, closely related to Lactobacillus mali, Lactobacillus nagelii and Lactobacillus satsumensis (with approximately 95 % sequence similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization experiments confirmed the independent status at the species level of these fermenting grape-musts strains. Phenotypically they can be distinguished from the closest relatives by several traits such as growth temperatures and fermentation of carbohydrates. The name Lactobacillus vini sp. nov. is proposed, with strain Mont 4T (= DSM 20605T = CECT 5924T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Rodas
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- ENOLAB - Laboratori de Microbiologia Enologíca, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Empar Chenoll
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PO Box 73, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Macián
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Ferrer
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- ENOLAB - Laboratori de Microbiologia Enologíca, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Pardo
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- ENOLAB - Laboratori de Microbiologia Enologíca, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Aznar
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PO Box 73, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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Bae S, Fleet GH, Heard GM. Lactic acid bacteria associated with wine grapes from several Australian vineyards. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:712-27. [PMID: 16553726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The detection and isolation of lactic acid bacteria by enrichment methods from wine grapes cultivated in vineyards located in New South Wales, Australia. METHODS AND RESULTS Enrichment cultures in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth, MRS + ethanol (5%), MRS broth supplemented with 15% (v/v) tomato juice (MRST), pH 5.5 and 3.5 and autoenrichment in grape juice homogenate were used to detect lactic acid bacteria on wine grapes. Bacteria were isolated from enrichment cultures by plating onto MRS and MRST agar and identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and phenotypical methods. A molecular method, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was also used to examine the bacteria that developed in enrichment cultures. Species of Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Weissella were detected in enrichments by plating and PCR-DGGE. Other bacteria (Sporolactobacillus, Asaia, Bacillus ssp.) were also found in some enrichment cultures. The principal malolactic bacterium, Oenococcus oeni, was not isolated. CONCLUSIONS The incidence and populations of lactic acid bacteria on wine grapes were very low. Damaged grape berries showed a greater presence of these bacteria than undamaged berries. The diversity of bacterial species isolated from the grapes was greater than those previously reported and represented both lactic acid bacteria and nonlactic acid bacteria. Some of these bacteria (i.e. Lactobacillus lindneri, Lactobacillus kunkeei) could be detrimental to wine production. Oenococcus oeni was not found on grapes, but its recovery could be obscured by overgrowth from other species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lactic acid bacteria are significant in wine production because they conduct the malolactic fermentation and cause stuck or sluggish alcoholic fermentation and wine spoilage. This study investigates wine grapes as a potential source of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bae
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jussier D, Dubé Morneau A, Mira de Orduña R. Effect of simultaneous inoculation with yeast and bacteria on fermentation kinetics and key wine parameters of cool-climate chardonnay. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:221-7. [PMID: 16391046 PMCID: PMC1352216 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.221-227.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inoculating grape musts with wine yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) concurrently in order to induce simultaneous alcoholic fermentation (AF) and malolactic fermentation (MLF) can be an efficient alternative to overcome potential inhibition of LAB in wines because of high ethanol concentrations and reduced nutrient content. In this study, the simultaneous inoculation of yeast and LAB into must was compared with a traditional vinification protocol, where MLF was induced after completion of AF. For this, two suitable commercial yeast-bacterium combinations were tested in cool-climate Chardonnay must. The time courses of glucose and fructose, acetaldehyde, several organic acids, and nitrogenous compounds were measured along with the final values of other key wine parameters. Sensory evaluation was done after 12 months of storage. The current study could not confirm a negative impact of simultaneous AF/MLF on fermentation success and kinetics or on final wine parameters. While acetic acid concentrations were slightly increased in wines after simultaneous AF/MLF, the differences were of neither practical nor legal significance. No statistically significant differences were found with regard to the final values of pH or total acidity and the concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, glycerol, citric and lactic acids, and the nitrogen compounds arginine, ammonia, urea, citrulline, and ornithine. Sensory evaluation by a semiexpert panel confirmed the similarity of the wines. However, simultaneous inoculation led to considerable reductions in overall fermentation durations. Furthermore, differences of physiological and microbiological relevance were found. Specifically, we report the vinification of "super-dry" wines devoid of glucose and fructose after simultaneous inoculation of yeast and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Jussier
- Dept. of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Chenoll E, Macián MC, Aznar R. Lactobacillus rennini sp. nov., isolated from rennin and associated with cheese spoilage. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:449-452. [PMID: 16449456 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two bacterial strains, DSM 20253T and DSM 20254, isolated from rennin and regarded as causing cheese spoilage, were deposited in the DSMZ as Lactobacillus sp. by J. Stadhouders. The strains show 99·9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and have less than 94·3 % similarity with any other species of the genus. Lactobacillus coryniformis is their closest phylogenetic neighbour. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that the two strains are members of the same species with separate status within the genus Lactobacillus. The strains are homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and can be phenotypically and genotypically distinguished from their closest relatives. 16S rRNA gene-targeted specific primers were designed to enable PCR detection of the novel species. The name Lactobacillus rennini sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolates, with strain CECT 5922T (=DSM 20253T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Empar Chenoll
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PO Box 73, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Macián
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Aznar
- Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PO Box 73, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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