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Brelsford CC, Trasser M, Paris T, Hartikainen SM, Robson TM. Understorey light quality affects leaf pigments and leaf phenology in different plant functional types. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13723. [PMID: 35606930 PMCID: PMC9328371 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forest understorey plants receive most sunlight in springtime before canopy closure, and in autumn following leaf-fall. We hypothesised that plant species must adjust their phenological and photoprotective strategies in response to large changes in the spectral composition of the sunlight they receive. Here, we identified how plant species growing in northern deciduous and evergreen forest understoreys differ in their response to blue light and ultraviolet (UV) radiation according to their functional strategy. We installed filters in a forest understorey in southern Finland, to create the following treatments attenuating: UV radiation below 350 nm, all UV radiation (< 400 nm), all blue light and UV radiation (< 500 nm), and a transparent control. In eight species, representing different functional strategies, we assessed leaf optical properties, phenology, and epidermal flavonoid contents over two years. Blue light accelerated leaf senescence in all species measured in the understorey, apart from Quercus robur seedlings, whereas UV radiation only accelerated leaf senescence in Acer platanoides seedlings. More light-demanding species accumulated flavonols in response to seasonal changes in light quality compared to shade-tolerant and wintergreen species and were particularly responsive to blue light. Reduction of blue and UV radiation under shade reveals an important role for microclimatic effects on autumn phenology and leaf photoprotection. An extension of canopy cover under climate change, and its associated suppression of understorey blue light and UV radiation, may delay leaf senescence for understorey species with an autumn niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C. Brelsford
- Yield SystemsEspooFinland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marieke Trasser
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant BiologyViennaAustria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD ProgramDoctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tom Paris
- EcodivNormandie Université, UNIROUENRouenFrance
| | - Saara M. Hartikainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - T. Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Hunt L, Klem K, Lhotáková Z, Vosolsobě S, Oravec M, Urban O, Špunda V, Albrechtová J. Light and CO 2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:385. [PMID: 33807526 PMCID: PMC7999350 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) accumulates phenolic compounds (PhCs), which play a key role in plant defense against environmental stressors as antioxidants or UV screening compounds. The influence of light and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on the accumulation and localization of PhCs in barley leaves was examined for two varieties with different tolerances to oxidative stress. PhC localization was visualized in vivo using fluorescence microscopy. Close relationships were found between fluorescence-determined localization of PhCs in barley leaves and PhC content estimated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy detection. Light intensity had the strongest effect on the accumulation of PhCs, but the total PhC content was similar at elevated [CO2], minimizing the differences between high and low light. PhCs localized preferentially near the surfaces of leaves, but under low light, an increasing allocation of PhCs in deeper mesophyll layers was observed. The PhC profile was significantly different between barley varieties. The relatively tolerant variety accumulated significantly more hydroxycinnamic acids, indicating that these PhCs may play a more prominent role in oxidative stress prevention. Our research presents novel evidence that [CO2] modulates the accumulation of PhCs in barley leaves. Mesophyll cells, rather than epidermal cells, were most responsive to environmental stimuli in terms of PhC accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hunt
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 12844 Praha, Czech Republic; (L.H.); (Z.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (M.O.); (O.U.); (V.Š.)
| | - Zuzana Lhotáková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 12844 Praha, Czech Republic; (L.H.); (Z.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Stanislav Vosolsobě
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 12844 Praha, Czech Republic; (L.H.); (Z.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (M.O.); (O.U.); (V.Š.)
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (M.O.); (O.U.); (V.Š.)
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (M.O.); (O.U.); (V.Š.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Dvořákova 7, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Albrechtová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 12844 Praha, Czech Republic; (L.H.); (Z.L.); (S.V.)
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Hartikainen SM, Pieristè M, Lassila J, Robson TM. Seasonal Patterns in Spectral Irradiance and Leaf UV-A Absorbance Under Forest Canopies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1762. [PMID: 32133015 PMCID: PMC7040076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants commonly respond to UV radiation through the accumulation of flavonoids and related phenolic compounds which potentially ameliorate UV-damage to crucial internal structures. However, the seasonal dynamics of leaf flavonoids corresponding to epidermal UV absorbance is highly variable in nature, and it remains uncertain how environmental factors combine to govern flavonoid accumulation and degradation. We studied leaf UV-A absorbance of species composing the understorey plant community throughout two growing seasons under five adjacent tree canopies in southern Finland. We compared the relationship between leaf flavonol index (Iflav-repeatedly measured with an optical leaf clip Dualex) and measured spectral irradiance, understorey and canopy phenology, air temperature and snowpack variables, whole leaf flavonoid extracts, and leaf age. Strong seasonal patterns and stand-related differences were apparent in Iflav of both understorey plant communities and individual species, including divergent trends in Iflav during spring and autumn. Comparing the heterogeneity of the understorey light environment and its spectral composition in looking for potential drivers of seasonal changes in Iflav, we found that unweighted UV-A irradiance, or the effective UV dose calculated according to the biological spectral weighting function (BSWF) for plant growth (PG action spectrum), in understorey shade had a strong relationship with Iflav. Furthermore, understorey species seemed to adjust Iflav to low background diffuse irradiance rather than infrequent high direct-beam irradiance in sunflecks during summer, since leaves produced during or after canopy closure had low Iflav. In conclusion, we found the level of epidermal flavonoids in forest understorey species to be plastic, adjusting to climatic conditions, and differing according to species' leaf retention strategy and new leaf production, all of which contribute to the seasonal trends in leaf flavonoids found within forest stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Maria Hartikainen
- Canopy Spectral Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (CanSEE), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marta Pieristè
- Canopy Spectral Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (CanSEE), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, IRSTEA, ECODIV, FR Scale CNRS 3730, Rouen, France
| | - Joose Lassila
- Canopy Spectral Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (CanSEE), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Matthew Robson
- Canopy Spectral Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (CanSEE), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Solanki T, Aphalo PJ, Neimane S, Hartikainen SM, Pieristè M, Shapiguzov A, Porcar-Castell A, Atherton J, Heikkilä A, Robson TM. UV-screening and springtime recovery of photosynthetic capacity in leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea above and below the snow pack. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 134:40-52. [PMID: 30219502 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Evergreen plants in boreal biomes undergo seasonal hardening and dehardening adjusting their photosynthetic capacity and photoprotection; acclimating to seasonal changes in temperature and irradiance. Leaf epidermal ultraviolet (UV)-screening by flavonols responds to solar radiation, perceived in part through increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, and is a candidate trait to provide cross-photoprotection. At Hyytiälä Forestry Station, central Finland, we examined whether the accumulation of flavonols was higher in leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. growing above the snowpack compared with those below the snowpack. We found that leaves exposed to colder temperatures and higher solar radiation towards the top of hummocks suffered greater photoinhibition than those at the base of hummocks. Epidermal UV-screening was highest in upper-hummock leaves, particularly during winter when lower leaves were beneath the snowpack. There was also a negative relationship between indices of flavonols and anthocyanins across all leaves suggesting fine-tuning of flavonoid composition for screening vs. antioxidant activity in response to temperature and irradiance. However, the positive correlation between the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and flavonol accumulation in upper hummock leaves during dehardening did not confer on them any greater cross-protection than would be expected from the general relationship of Fv/Fm with temperature and irradiance (throughout the hummocks). Irrespective of timing of snow-melt, photosynthesis fully recovered in all leaves, suggesting that V. vitis-idaea has the potential to exploit the continuing trend for longer growing seasons in central Finland without incurring significant impairment from reduced duration of snow cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Solanki
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santa Neimane
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Dept. Plant Physiology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV, 1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Saara M Hartikainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marta Pieristè
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Ecodiv URA/EA1293, IRSTEA, FR Scale CNRS, 3730, Rouen, France
| | - Alexey Shapiguzov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street, 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Albert Porcar-Castell
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Department of Forest Sciences, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jon Atherton
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Department of Forest Sciences, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), POB 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Eliášová K, Vondráková Z, Gemperlová L, Neděla V, Runštuk J, Fischerová L, Malbeck J, Trávníčková A, Cvikrová M, Vágner M. The Response of Picea abies Somatic Embryos to UV-B Radiation Depends on the Phase of Maturation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1736. [PMID: 30538715 PMCID: PMC6277568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is a key environmental signal which initiates diverse responses that affect the metabolism, development, and viability of plants. In keeping with our previous studies, we concentrated primarily on how UV-B radiation affects Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] somatic embryo maturation and how phenolics and polyamines (PAs) are linked to the defense response invoked by UV-B irradiation. We treated clusters of Norway spruce embryogenic culture (EC) with UV-B during the five stages of embryo maturation (early, cylindrical, precotyledonary, cotyledonary, and mature embryos). For the first time, we take an advantage of the unique environmental scanning electron microscope AQUASEM II to characterize somatic embryos in their native state. The severity of the irradiation effect on embryonal cell viability was shown to be dependent on the intensity of radiation as well as the stage of embryo development, and might be related to the formation of protoderm. The response of early embryos was characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), a marked decrease in PA contents and a decline in phenolics. The reduced ability to activate the defense system seems to be responsible not only for the severe cell damage and decrease in viability but also for the inhibition of embryo development. The significant reduction in spermidine (Spd), which has been reported to be crucial for the somatic embryo development of several coniferous species, may be causally linked to the limited development of embryos. The pronounced decrease in cell wall-bound ferulic acid might correspond to failure of somatic embryos to reach more advanced stages of development. Embryos at later stages of development showed stress defense responses that were more efficient against UV-B exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Eliášová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Gemperlová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jiří Runštuk
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lucie Fischerová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Malbeck
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Trávníčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milena Cvikrová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Vágner
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Waterman MJ, Bramley-Alves J, Miller RE, Keller PA, Robinson SA. Photoprotection enhanced by red cell wall pigments in three East Antarctic mosses. Biol Res 2018; 51:49. [PMID: 30463628 PMCID: PMC6247747 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antarctic bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) are resilient to physiologically extreme environmental conditions including elevated levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to depletion of stratospheric ozone. Many Antarctic bryophytes synthesise UV-B-absorbing compounds (UVAC) that are localised in their cells and cell walls, a location that is rarely investigated for UVAC in plants. This study compares the concentrations and localisation of intracellular and cell wall UVAC in Antarctic Ceratodon purpureus, Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Schistidium antarctici from the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica. RESULTS Multiple stresses, including desiccation and naturally high UV and visible light, seemed to enhance the incorporation of total UVAC including red pigments in the cell walls of all three Antarctic species analysed. The red growth form of C. purpureus had significantly higher levels of cell wall bound and lower intracellular UVAC concentrations than its nearby green form. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses showed that the red colouration in this species was associated with the cell wall and that these red cell walls contained less pectin and phenolic esters than the green form. All three moss species showed a natural increase in cell wall UVAC content during the growing season and a decline in these compounds in new tissue grown under less stressful conditions in the laboratory. CONCLUSIONS UVAC and red pigments are tightly bound to the cell wall and likely have a long-term protective role in Antarctic bryophytes. Although the identity of these red pigments remains unknown, our study demonstrates the importance of investigating cell wall UVAC in plants and contributes to our current understanding of UV-protective strategies employed by particular Antarctic bryophytes. Studies such as these provide clues to how these plants survive in such extreme habitats and are helpful in predicting future survival of the species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda J. Waterman
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago, Alameda, 3363 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Bramley-Alves
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Rebecca E. Miller
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC 3121 Australia
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago, Alameda, 3363 Santiago, Chile
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Bais F, Luca RM, Bornman JF, Williamson CE, Sulzberger B, Austin AT, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Madronich S, Neale RE, Yazar S, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Norval M, Takizawa Y, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Neale PJ, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Häder DP, Worrest RC, Zepp RG, Paul ND, Cory RM, Solomon KR, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Redhwi HH, Torikai A, Heikkilä AM. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:127-179. [PMID: 29404558 PMCID: PMC6155474 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bais
- Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. M. Luca
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia
| | - J. F. Bornman
- Curtin Univ., Curtin Business School, Perth, Australia
| | | | - B. Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. T. Austin
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R. E. Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Yazar
- Univ. of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden Univ. Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Norval
- Univ. of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita Univ. School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola Univ., New Orleans, USA
| | - T. M. Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Dept of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - P. J. Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - S. Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, Linnaeus Univ., Kalmar, Sweden
| | - K. C. Rose
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S.-Å. Wängberg
- Dept Marine Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D.-P. Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept of Biology, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - R. C. Worrest
- CIESIN, Columbia Univ., New Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. G. Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - N. D. Paul
- Lanter Environment Centre, Lanter Univ., LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - R. M. Cory
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. R. Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. H. Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Torikai
- Materials Life Society of Japan, Kayabacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Luengo Escobar A, Alberdi M, Acevedo P, Machado M, Nunes-Nesi A, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Reyes-Díaz M. Distinct physiological and metabolic reprogramming by highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivars revealed during long-term UV-B radiation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:46-64. [PMID: 27943328 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the Montreal protocol and the eventual recovery of the ozone layer over Antarctica, there are still concerns about increased levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in the Southern Hemisphere. UV-B induces physiological, biochemical and morphological stress responses in plants, which are species-specific and different even for closely related cultivars. In woody plant species, understanding of long-term mechanisms to cope with UV-B-induced stress is limited. Therefore, a greenhouse UV-B daily course simulation was performed for 21 days with two blueberry cultivars (Legacy and Bluegold) under UV-BBE irradiance doses of 0, 0.07 and 0.19 W m-2 . Morphological changes, photosynthetic performance, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and metabolic features were evaluated. We found that both cultivars behaved differently under UV-B exposure, with Legacy being a UV-B-resistant cultivar. Interestingly, Legacy used a combined strategy: initially, in the first week of exposure its photoprotective compounds increased, coping with the intake of UV-B radiation (avoidance strategy), and then, increasing its antioxidant capacity. These strategies proved to be UV-B radiation dose dependent. The avoidance strategy is triggered early under high UV-B radiation in Legacy. Moreover, the rapid metabolic reprogramming capacity of this cultivar, in contrast to Bluegold, seems to be the most relevant contribution to its UV-B stress-coping strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luengo Escobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | - Miren Alberdi
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | - Patricio Acevedo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4012, Chile
| | - Mariana Machado
- Max Planck Partner Group at Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max Planck Partner Group at Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaría, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, 56-D, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
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Tripathi DK, Singh S, Singh VP, Prasad SM, Dubey NK, Chauhan DK. Silicon nanoparticles more effectively alleviated UV-B stress than silicon in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 110:70-81. [PMID: 27470120 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of silicon (Si) in alleviating biotic as well as abiotic stresses is well known. However, the potential of silicon nanoparticle (SiNP) in regulating abiotic stress and associated mechanisms have not yet been explored. Therefore, in the present study hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate whether Si or SiNp are more effective in the regulation of UV-B stress. UV-B (ambient and enhanced) radiation caused adverse effect on growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings, which was accompanied by declined photosynthetic performance and altered vital leaf structures. Levels of superoxide radical and H2O2 were enhanced by UV-B as also evident from their histochemical stainings, which was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and electrolyte leakage. Activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were inhibited by UV-B while catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, and all non-enzymatic antioxidants were stimulated by UV-B. Although, nitric oxide (NO) content was increased at all tested combinations, but its maximum content was observed under SiNps together with UV-B enhanced treatment. Pre-additions of SiNp as well as Si protected wheat seedlings against UV-B by regulating oxidative stress through enhanced antioxidants. Data indicate that SiNp might have protected wheat seedlings through NO-mediated triggering of antioxidant defense system, which subsequently counterbalance reactive oxygen species-induced damage to photosynthesis. Further, SiNp appear to be more effective in reducing UV-B stress than Si, which is related to its greater availability to wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Swati Singh
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Koriya, 497335, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
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10
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Estell RE, Fredrickson EL, James DK. Effect of light intensity and wavelength on concentration of plant secondary metabolites in the leaves of Flourensia cernua. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Lobos GA, Hancock JF. Breeding blueberries for a changing global environment: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:782. [PMID: 26483803 PMCID: PMC4588112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Today, blueberries are recognized worldwide as one of the foremost health foods, becoming one of the crops with the highest productive and commercial projections. Over the last 100 years, the geographical area where highbush blueberries are grown has extended dramatically into hotter and drier environments. The expansion of highbush blueberry growing into warmer regions will be challenged in the future by increases in average global temperature and extreme fluctuations in temperature and rainfall patterns. Considerable genetic variability exists within the blueberry gene pool that breeders can use to meet these challenges, but traditional selection techniques can be slow and inefficient and the precise adaptations of genotypes often remain hidden. Marker assisted breeding (MAB) and phenomics could aid greatly in identifying those individuals carrying adventitious traits, increasing selection efficiency and shortening the rate of cultivar release. While phenomics have begun to be used in the breeding of grain crops in the last 10 years, their use in fruit breeding programs it is almost non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Lobos
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Universidad de TalcaTalca, Chile
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James F. Hancock
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
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12
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Jones AG, Scullion J, Ostle N, Oakley S, Di Dio A, Gwynn-Jones D. Plant community composition and an insect outbreak influence phenol oxidase activity and soil–litter biochemistry in a sub-Arctic birch heath. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Roy BA, Mulder CPH. Pathogens, herbivores, and phenotypic plasticity of borealVaccinium vitis-idaeaexperiencing climate change. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00271.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Robinson SA, Waterman MJ. Sunsafe Bryophytes: Photoprotection from Excess and Damaging Solar Radiation. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Agati G, Brunetti C, Di Ferdinando M, Ferrini F, Pollastri S, Tattini M. Functional roles of flavonoids in photoprotection: new evidence, lessons from the past. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 72:35-45. [PMID: 23583204 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We discuss on the relative significance of different functional roles potentially served by flavonoids in photoprotection, with special emphasis to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control the development of individual organs and whole plant. We propose a model in which chloroplast-located flavonoids scavenge H2O2 and singlet oxygen generated under excess light-stress, thus avoiding programmed cell death. We also draw a picture in which vacuolar flavonoids in conjunction with peroxidases and ascorbic acid constitute a secondary antioxidant system aimed at detoxifying H2O2, which may diffuse out of the chloroplast at considerable rates and enter the vacuole following excess light stress-induced depletion of ascorbate peroxidase. We hypothesize for flavonols key roles as developmental regulators in early and current-day land-plants, based on their ability to modulate auxin movement and auxin catabolism. We show that antioxidant flavonoids display the greatest capacity to regulate key steps of cell growth and differentiation in eukaryotes. These regulatory functions of flavonoids, which are shared by plants and animals, are fully accomplished in the nM concentration range, as likely occurred in early land plants. We therefore conclude that functions of flavonoids as antioxidants and/or developmental regulators flavonoids are of great value in photoprotection. We also suggest that UV-B screening was just one of the multiple functions served by flavonoids when early land-plants faced an abrupt increase in sunlight irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Agati
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Carrara', IFAC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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16
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Haro R, Fraile-Escanciano A, González-Melendi P, Rodríguez-Navarro A. The potassium transporters HAK2 and HAK3 localize to endomembranes in Physcomitrella patens. HAK2 is required in some stress conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1441-1454. [PMID: 23825217 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The function of HAK transporters in high-affinity K+ uptake in plants is well established; this study aims to demonstrate that some transporters of the same family play important roles in endomembranes. The PpHAK2-PpHAK4 genes of Physcomitrella patens encode three transporters of high sequence similarity. Quantitative PCR showed that PpHAK2 and PpHAK3 transcripts are expressed at approximately the same level as the PpACT5 gene, while the expression of PpHAK4 seems to be restricted to specific conditions that have not been determined. KHA1 is an endomembrane K+/H+ antiporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the expression of the PpHAK2 cDNA, but not that of PpHAK3, suppressed the defect of a kha1 mutant. Transient expression of the PpHAK2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and PpHAK3-GFP fusion proteins in P. patens protoplasts localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, respectively. To determine the function of PpHAK2 and PpHAK3 in planta, we constructed ΔPphak2 and ΔPphak2 ΔPphak3 plants. ΔPphak2 plants were normal under all of the conditions tested except under K+ starvation or at acidic pH in the presence of acetic acid, whereupon they die. The defect observed under K+ starvation was suppressed by the presence of Na+. We propose that PpHAK2 may encode either a K(+)-H(+) symporter or a K+/H+ antiporter that mediates the transfer of H+ from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen to the cytosol. PpHAK2 may be a model of the second function of HAK transporters in plant cells. The disruption of the PpHAK3 gene in ΔPphak2 plants showed no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Haro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Carretera M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Comont D, Martinez Abaigar J, Albert A, Aphalo P, Causton DR, Figueroa FL, Gaberscik A, Llorens L, Hauser MT, Jansen MAK, Kardefelt M, de la Coba Luque P, Neubert S, Núñez-Olivera E, Olsen J, Robson M, Schreiner M, Sommaruga R, Strid A, Torre S, Turunen M, Veljovic-Jovanovic S, Verdaguer D, Vidovic M, Wagner J, Winkler JB, Zipoli G, Gwynn-Jones D. UV responses of Lolium perenne raised along a latitudinal gradient across Europe: a filtration study. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 145:604-18. [PMID: 22304366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lolium perenne (cv. AberDart) was grown at 14 locations along a latitudinal gradient across Europe (37-68°N) to study the impact of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and climate on aboveground growth and foliar UV-B absorbing compounds. At each location, plants were grown outdoors for 5 weeks in a replicated UV-B filtration experiment consisting of open, UV-B transparent (cellulose diacetate) and UV-B opaque (polyester) environments. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy was used to compare plant metabolite profiles in relation to treatment and location. UV radiation and climatic parameters were determined for each location from online sources and the data were assessed using a combination of anova and multiple regression analyses. Most of the variation in growth between the locations was attributable to the combination of climatic parameters, with minimum temperature identified as an important growth constraint. However, no single environmental parameter could consistently account for the variability in plant growth. Concentrations of foliar UV-B absorbing compounds showed a positive trend with solar UV across the latitudinal gradient; however, this relationship was not consistent in all treatments. The most striking experimental outcome from this study was the effect of presence or absence of filtration frames on UV-absorbing compounds. Overall, the study demonstrates the value of an European approach in studying the impacts of natural UV across a large latitudinal gradient. We have shown the feasibility of coordinated UV filtration at multiple sites but have also highlighted the need for open controls and careful interpretation of plant responses.
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Taulavuori K, Keränen J, Suokanerva H, Lakkala K, Huttunen S, Laine K, Taulavuori E. Decreased frost hardiness of Vaccinium vitis-idaea in reponse to UV-A radiation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 145:516-526. [PMID: 22182287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate plant frost hardiness responses to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, since the few results reported are largely contradictory. It was hypothesized that functional adaptation of life forms could explain these contradictions. Dwarf shrubs and tree seedlings, representing both evergreen and deciduous forms, were tested (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens and its red form f. rubra). The research was performed in Sodankylä, Northern Finland (67°N), with enhanced UV-B- and UV-A-radiation treatments between 2002 and 2009. Plant frost hardiness was determined using the freeze-induced electrolyte leakage method in early autumn, during the onset of the frost hardening process. Additional physiological variables (malondialdehyde, glutathione, total phenols, C and N contents) were analyzed in V. vitis-idaea to explain the possible responses. These variables did not respond significantly to UV-radiation treatments, but explained the frost hardiness well (r² = 0.678). The main finding was that frost hardiness decreased in the evergreen shrub V. vitis-idaea, particularly with enhanced UV-A radiation. No significant responses were observed with the other plants. Therefore, this study does not support the idea that enhanced UV radiation could increase plant frost hardiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Taulavuori
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Boesgaard KS, Albert KR, Ro-Poulsen H, Michelsen A, Mikkelsen TN, Schmidt NM. Long-term structural canopy changes sustain net photosynthesis per ground area in high arctic Vaccinium uliginosum exposed to changes in near-ambient UV-B levels. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 145:540-550. [PMID: 22211955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Full recovery of the ozone layer is not expected for several decades and consequently, the incoming level of solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) will only slowly be reduced. Therefore to investigate the structural and photosynthetic responses to changes in solar UV-B we conducted a 5-year UV-B exclusion study in high arctic Greenland. During the growing season, the gas exchange (H₂O and CO₂) and chlorophyll-a fluorescence were measured in Vaccinium uliginosum. The leaf dry weight, carbon, nitrogen, stable carbon isotope ratio, chlorophyll and carotenoid content were determined from a late season harvest. The net photosynthesis per leaf area was on average 22% higher in 61% reduced UV-B treatment across the season, but per ground area photosynthesis was unchanged. The leaf level increase in photosynthesis was accompanied by increased leaf nitrogen, higher stomatal conductance and F(v)/F(m). There was no change in total leaf biomass, but reduction in total leaf area caused a pronounced reduction of specific leaf area and leaf area index in reduced UV-B. This demonstrates the structural changes to counterbalance the reduced plant carbon uptake seen per leaf area in ambient UV-B as the resulting plant carbon uptake per ground area was not affected. Thus, our understanding of long-term responses to UV-B reduction must take into account both leaf level processes as well as structural changes to understand the apparent robustness of plant carbon uptake per ground area. In this perspective, V. uliginosum seems able to adjust plant carbon uptake to the present amount of solar UV-B radiation in the High Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine S Boesgaard
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, DTU Risoe Campus, PO Box 49, Roskilde, Denmark.
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20
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Pollastri S, Tattini M. Flavonols: old compounds for old roles. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:1225-33. [PMID: 21880658 PMCID: PMC3197460 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New roles for flavonoids, as developmental regulators and/or signalling molecules, have recently been proposed in eukaryotic cells exposed to a wide range of environmental stimuli. In plants, these functions are actually restricted to flavonols, the ancient and widespread class of flavonoids. In mosses and liverworts, the whole set of genes for flavonol biosynthesis - CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS and F3'H - has been detected. The flavonol branch pathway has remained intact for millions of years, and is almost exclusively involved in the responses of plants to a wide array of stressful agents, despite the fact that evolution of flavonoid metabolism has produced >10 000 structures. SCOPE Here the emerging functional roles of flavonoids in the responses of present-day plants to different stresses are discussed based on early, authoritative views of their primary functions during the colonization of land by plants. Flavonols are not as efficient as other secondary metabolites in absorbing wavelengths in the 290-320 nm spectral region, but display the greatest potential to keep stress-induced changes in cellular reactive oxygen species homeostasis under control, and to regulate the development of individual organs and the whole plant. Very low flavonol concentrations, as probably occurred in early terrestrial plants, may fully accomplish these regulatory functions. CONCLUSIONS During the last two decades the routine use of genomic, chromatography/mass spectrometry and fluorescence microimaging techniques has provided new insights into the regulation of flavonol metabolism as well as on the inter- and intracellular distribution of stress-responsive flavonols. These findings offer new evidence on how flavonols may have performed a wide array of functional roles during the colonization of land by plants. In our opinion this ancient flavonoid class is still playing the same old and robust roles in present-day plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pollastri
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali, del Suolo e dell'Ambiente Agroforestale, Sezione Coltivazioni Arboree, Università di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Selås V, Holand Ø, Ohlson M. Digestibility and N-concentration of bilberry shoots in relation to berry production and N-fertilization. Basic Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Hura T, Hura K, Grzesiak M. Early stage de-etiolation increases the ferulic acid content in winter triticale seedlings under full sunlight conditions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moose recruitment in relation to bilberry production and bank vole numbers along a summer temperature gradient in Norway. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-010-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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Fabón G, Martínez-Abaigar J, Tomás R, Núñez-Olivera E. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives extracted from different cell compartments in the aquatic liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2010; 140:269-279. [PMID: 20663084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We examined the responses of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UVAC) to enhanced UV-B radiation in the aquatic liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia for 31 days under laboratory conditions. Samples were exposed to three radiation regimes: P (only photosynthetic radiation), PA (photosynthetic + UV-A radiation) and PAB (photosynthetic + UV-A + UV-B radiation). We measured both the bulk UV absorbance of the methanolic extracts and the levels of individual UVAC. In both cases, the methanol-soluble and the methanol-insoluble, alkali-extractable cell wall-bound fractions were analyzed. The bulk UV absorbance of the soluble fraction was higher than that of the cell wall-bound fraction. The bulk UV absorbances of both fractions increased under enhanced UV-B (PAB regime). Five different hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives were found in the soluble fraction and two additional ones in the cell wall-bound fraction, among which only p-coumaroylmalic acid in the soluble fraction and p-coumaric acid in the cell wall-bound fraction increased under enhanced UV-B. The maximum quantum yield of PSII (F(v) /F(m)) decreased and DNA damage (amount of thymine dimers) strongly increased under enhanced UV-B, showing UV-B-induced damage. We conclude that methanol-soluble and cell wall-bound fractions of the liverwort studied have different UVAC, and each individual compound may respond in a different way to UV-B radiation. Thus, the analysis of individual UVAC in both the methanol-soluble and cell wall-bound fractions is advisable to better evaluate the protection mechanisms of liverworts against UV-B radiation. In particular, p-coumaric acid and p-coumaroylmalic acid seem to be especially UV-B responsive and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fabón
- Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Avda. Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
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Li FR, Peng SL, Chen BM, Hou YP. A meta-analysis of the responses of woody and herbaceous plants to elevated ultraviolet-B radiation. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Turunen M, Soppela P, Kinnunen H, Sutinen ML, Martz F. Does climate change influence the availability and quality of reindeer forage plants? Polar Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-009-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Albert KR, Mikkelsen TN, Ro-Poulsen H. Ambient UV-B radiation decreases photosynthesis in high arctic Vaccinium uliginosum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2008; 133:199-210. [PMID: 18312501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An UV-B-exclusion experiment was established in high arctic Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland, to investigate the possible effects of ambient UV-B on plant performance. During almost a whole growing season, canopy gas exchange and Chl fluorescence were measured on Vaccinium uliginosum (bog blueberry). Leaf area, biomass, carbon, nitrogen and UV-B-absorbing compounds were determined from a late season harvest. Compared with the reduced UV-B treatment, the plants in ambient UV-B were found to have a higher content of UV-B-absorbing compounds, and canopy net photosynthesis was as an average 23% lower during the season. By means of the JIP-test, it was found that the potential of processing light energy through the photosynthetic machinery was slightly reduced in ambient UV-B. This indicates that not only the UV-B effects on PSII may be responsible for some of the observed reduction of photosynthesis but also the effects on other parts of the photosynthetic machinery, e.g. the Calvin cycle, might be important. The 60% reduction of the UV-B irradiance used in this study implies a higher relative change in the UV-B load than many of the supplemental experiments do, but the substantial effect on photosynthesis clearly indicates that V. uliginosum is negatively affected by the current level of UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian R Albert
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Solar Ultraviolet‐B Radiation at Zackenberg: The Impact on Higher Plants and Soil Microbial Communities. ADV ECOL RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(07)00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Clarke LJ, Robinson SA. Cell wall-bound ultraviolet-screening compounds explain the high ultraviolet tolerance of the Antarctic moss, Ceratodon purpureus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 179:776-783. [PMID: 18513223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
* Studies of ultraviolet (UV) light-induced DNA damage in three Antarctic moss species have shown Ceratodon purpureus to be the most UV tolerant, despite containing lower concentrations of methanol-soluble UV-screening compounds than the co-occurring Bryum pseudotriquetrum. * In this study, alkali extraction of cell wall-bound phenolics, combined with methanol extraction of soluble phenolics, was used to determine whether cell wall-bound UV screens explain the greater UV tolerance of C. purpureus. * The combined pool of UV screens was similar in B. pseudotriquetrum and C. purpureus, but whilst B. pseudotriquetrum had almost equal concentrations of MeOH-soluble and alkali-extractable cell wall-bound UV-screening compounds, in C. purpureus the concentration of cell wall-bound screening compounds was six times higher than the concentration of MeOH-soluble UV screens. The Antarctic endemic Schistidium antarctici possessed half the combined pool of UV screens of the other species but, as in C. purpureus, these were predominantly cell wall bound. Confocal microscopy confirmed the localization of UV screens in each species. * Greater investment in cell wall-bound UV screens offers C. purpureus a more spatially uniform, and potentially more effective, UV screen. Schistidium antarctici has the lowest UV-screening potential, indicating that this species may be disadvantaged under continuing springtime ozone depletion. Cell wall compounds have not previously been quantified in bryophytes but may be an important component of the UV defences of lower plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Clarke
- Institute for Conservation Biology, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- Institute for Conservation Biology, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Agati G, Matteini P, Goti A, Tattini M. Chloroplast-located flavonoids can scavenge singlet oxygen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 174:77-89. [PMID: 17335499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
* The hypothesis was tested that flavonoids may scavenge singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) in mesophyll cells of Phillyrea latifolia exposed to excess-light stress. * In cross-sections taken from leaves developed at 10% (shade) or 100% (sun) solar irradiance, we evaluated the excess photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)-induced accumulation of (1)O(2) in mesophyll cells by imaging the fluorescence quenching of the specific (1)O(2) probe N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-N-[(2,5-dihydro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl]-5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (DanePy). The intracellular location of flavonoids was also analyzed using three-dimensional deconvolution microscopy. * Photo-induced quenching of DanePy fluorescence was markedly greater in the mesophyll of shade leaves than in that of sun leaves, the former showing a negligible accumulation of mesophyll flavonoids. The photo-induced generation of (1)O(2) was inversely related to the content of flavonoids in the mesophyll cells of sun leaves. Flavonoids were located in the chloroplasts, and were likely associated with the chloroplast envelope. * Here we provide relevant evidence for the potential scavenger activity of chloroplast-located flavonoids against (1)O(2) and new insights into the photo-protective role of flavonoids in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Agati
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', IFAC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', IFAC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica 'Ugo Schiff', Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto F.no, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica 'Ugo Schiff', Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto F.no, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, IVALSA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Firenze, Italy
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Tattini M, Remorini D, Pinelli P, Agati G, Saracini E, Traversi ML, Massai R. Morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical adjustments in response to root zone salinity stress and high solar radiation in two Mediterranean evergreen shrubs, Myrtus communis and Pistacia lentiscus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 170:779-94. [PMID: 16684238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salt- and light-induced changes in morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical traits were analysed in Myrtus communis and Pistacia lentiscus with a view to explaining their ecological distribution in the Mediterranean basin. In plants exposed to 20 or 100% solar radiation and supplied with 0 or 200 mm NaCl, measurements were conducted for ionic and water relations and photosynthetic performance, leaf morpho-anatomical and optical properties and tissue-specific accumulation of tannins and flavonoids. Net carbon gain and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency decreased less in P. lentiscus than in M. communis when exposed to salinity stress, the former having a superior ability to use Na(+) and Cl(-) for osmotic adjustment. Morpho-anatomical traits also allowed P. lentiscus to protect sensitive targets in the leaf from the combined action of salinity stress and high solar radiation to a greater degree than M. communis. Salt and light-induced increases in carbon allocated to polyphenols, particularly to flavonoids, were greater in M. communis than in P. lentiscus, and appeared to be related to leaf oxidative damage. Our data may conclusively explain the negligible distribution of M. communis in open Mediterranean areas suffering from salinity stress, and suggest a key antioxidant function of flavonoids in response to different stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tattini
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, IVALSA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto F.no, I-50019 Firenze, Italy.
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Tattini M, Guidi L, Morassi-Bonzi L, Pinelli P, Remorini D, Degl'Innocenti E, Giordano C, Massai R, Agati G. On the role of flavonoids in the integrated mechanisms of response of Ligustrum vulgare and Phillyrea latifolia to high solar radiation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2005; 167:457-70. [PMID: 15998398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of flavonoids in mechanisms of acclimation to high solar radiation was analysed in Ligustrum vulgare and Phillyrea latifolia, two Mediterranean shrubs that have the same flavonoid composition but differ strikingly in their leaf morpho-anatomical traits. In plants exposed to 12 or 100% solar radiation, measurements were made for surface morphology and leaf anatomy; optical properties, photosynthetic pigments, and photosystem II efficiency; antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and phenylalanine ammonia lyase; synthesis of hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids; and the tissue-specific distribution of flavonoid aglycones and ortho-dihydroxylated B-ring flavonoid glycosides. A denser indumentum of glandular trichomes, coupled with both a thicker cuticle and a larger amount of cuticular flavonoids, allowed P. latifolia to prevent highly damaging solar wavelengths from reaching sensitive targets to a greater degree than L. vulgare. Antioxidant enzymes in P. latifolia were also more effective in countering light-induced oxidative load than those in L. vulgare. Consistently, light-induced accumulation of flavonoids in L. vulgare, particularly ortho-dihydroxylated flavonoids in the leaf mesophyll, greatly exceeded that in P. latifolia. We conclude that the accumulation of flavonoid glycosides associated with high solar radiation-induced oxidative stress and, hence, biosynthesis of flavonoids appear to be unrelated to 'tolerance' to high solar radiation in the species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tattini
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, IVALSA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Firenze, Italy.
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Mercure SA, Daoust B, Samson G. Causal relationship between growth inhibition, accumulation of phenolic metabolites, and changes of UV-induced fluorescences in nitrogen-deficient barley plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/b04-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UV-induced chlorophyll (ChlFUV) and blue-green (BGF) fluorescences emitted by leaves have been proposed as useful indicators of plant physiological status under stress conditions. In this report, we investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency on ChlFUV and BGF emissions of leaf sections in relation to plant growth inhibition and accumulation of phenolic metabolites in barley leaves. Plants in a growth chamber were supplied with one of five different NO3 concentrations (0.8, 1.6, 5.0, 8.0, or 16 mmol/L) for a 2-week period. Total fresh biomass decreased with decreasing N supply, whereas leaf content of soluble phenolic compounds increased. This increase in leaf phenolic compounds observed with limiting N supply was accompanied by large increases of the BGF intensity and BGF/ChlFUV ratio of leaf sections and, to a lower extent, by a decrease of the leaf epidermal transmittance of UV radiation (as estimated by the ratio of ChlF intensities induced by UV and blue excitation). Interestingly, we observed a negative correlation (r2 = 0.975) between fresh biomass of plants and BGF intensity of leaf sections. By interpreting, in a context of stress physiology, the changes of UV-induced fluorescences, our results support their potential use as a sensitive tool for the rapid assessment of a plant's nutrient status.Key words: blue-green fluorescence, chlorophyll fluorescence, flavonoids, growth inhibition, nitrogen deficiency, phenolic compounds.
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