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Ferreira CR, Lima Gomes PCFD, Robison KM, Cooper BR, Shannahan JH. Implementation of multiomic mass spectrometry approaches for the evaluation of human health following environmental exposure. Mol Omics 2024. [PMID: 38623720 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Omics analyses collectively refer to the possibility of profiling genetic variants, RNA, epigenetic markers, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. The most common analytical approaches used for detecting molecules present within biofluids related to metabolism are vibrational spectroscopy techniques, represented by infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and mass spectrometry (MS). Omics-based assessments utilizing MS are rapidly expanding and being applied to various scientific disciplines and clinical settings. Most of the omics instruments are operated by specialists in dedicated laboratories; however, the development of miniature portable omics has made the technology more available to users for field applications. Variations in molecular information gained from omics approaches are useful for evaluating human health following environmental exposure and the development and progression of numerous diseases. As MS technology develops so do statistical and machine learning methods for the detection of molecular deviations from personalized metabolism, which are correlated to altered health conditions, and they are intended to provide a multi-disciplinary overview for researchers interested in adding multiomic analysis to their current efforts. This includes an introduction to mass spectrometry-based omics technologies, current state-of-the-art capabilities and their respective strengths and limitations for surveying molecular information. Furthermore, we describe how knowledge gained from these assessments can be applied to personalized medicine and diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Ferreira
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | - Kiley Marie Robison
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bruce R Cooper
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Wang K, Chu J, Hu Z, Qin S, Cui Y. Using bait microalga as an oral delivery vehicle of antimicrobial peptide for controlling Vibrio infection in mussels. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108713. [PMID: 36990258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In shellfish aquaculture, antibiotics are commonly used to address Vibrio infections. However, antibiotic abuse has increased the risk of environment pollution, which has also raised food safety concerns. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered safe and sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Hence, in this study, we aimed to develop a transgenic Tetraselmis subcordiformis line harboring AMP-PisL9K22WK for reducing the use of antibiotics in mussel aquaculture. Toward this, pisL9K22WK was assembled into nuclear expression vectors of T. subcordiformis. Post particle bombardment, several stable transgenic lines were selected after 6 months of herbicide resistance culture. Subsequently, Vibrio-infected mussels (Mytilus sp.) were orally fed transgenic T. subcordiformis to test the efficacy of this drug delivery system. The results showed that the transgenic line as an oral antimicrobial agent significantly improved the resistance of mussels to Vibrio. The growth rate of the mussels fed transgenic T. subcordiformis was considerably higher than that of mussels fed wild-type algae (10.35% versus 2.44%). In addition, the possibility of using the lyophilized powder of the transgenic line as drug delivery system was also evaluated; however, compared to that observed after feeding with live cells, the lyophilized powder did not improve the low growth rate caused by Vibrio infection, suggesting that fresh microalgae are more beneficial for the delivery of the PisL9K22WK to mussels than the lyophilized powder. In summary, this is a promising step toward the development of safe and environment-friendly antimicrobial baits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinling Chu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yulin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China; School of Pharmacy (School of Enology), Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China.
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3
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R S, Nyika J, Yadav S, Mackolil J, G RP, Workie E, Ragupathy R, Ramasundaram P. Genetically modified foods: bibliometric analysis on consumer perception and preference. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:65-85. [PMID: 35400312 PMCID: PMC9009926 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2038525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the bibliometric trends emerging from research outputs on consumer perception and preference for genetically modified (GM) foods and policy prescriptions for enabling the consumption using VOSviewer visualization software. Consumers’ positive response is largely influenced by the decision of the governments to ban or approve the GM crops cultivation. Similarly, the public support increases when the potential benefits of the technology are well articulated, consumption increases with a price discount, people’s trust on the government and belief in science increases with a positive influence by the media. Europe and the USA are the first region and country, respectively, in terms of the number of active institutions per research output, per-capita GDP publication and citations. We suggest research-, agri-food industries-, and society-oriented policies to be implemented by the stakeholders to ensure the safety of GM foods, encourage consumer-based studies, and increase public awareness toward these food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendhil R
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Joan Nyika
- Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rama Prashat G
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Endashaw Workie
- School of Environmental science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Raja Ragupathy
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri Food Canada, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Ramasundaram
- National Agricultural Higher Education Project, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Sun Y, Zhao H, Chen Z, Chen H, Li B, Wang C, Lin X, Cai Y, Zhou D, Ouyang L, Zhu C, He H, Peng X. Comparison of the Phenotypic Performance, Molecular Diversity, and Proteomics in Transgenic Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:156. [PMID: 36616286 PMCID: PMC9824520 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extent of molecular diversity and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in transgenic lines provide valuable information to understand the phenotypic performance of transgenic crops compared with their parents. Here, we compared the differences in the phenotypic variation of twelve agronomic and end-use quality traits, the extent of microsatellite diversity, and DEPs of a recurrent parent line with three transgenic rice restorer lines carrying either CRY1C gene on chromosome 11 or CRY2A gene on chromosome 12 or both genes. The three transgenic lines had significantly smaller stem borer infestation than the recurrent parent without showing significant differences among most agronomic traits, yield components, and end-use quality traits. Using 512 microsatellite markers, the three transgenic lines inherited 2.9-4.3% of the Minghui 63 donor genome and 96.3-97.1% of the CH891 recurrent parent genome. As compared with the recurrent parent, the number of upregulated and down-regulated proteins in the three transgenic lines varied from 169 to 239 and from 131 to 199, respectively. Most DEPs were associated with the secondary metabolites biosynthesis transport and catabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, post-translational modification, and signal transduction mechanisms. Although several differentially expressed proteins were observed between transgenic rice and its recurrent parent, the differences may not have been associated with grain yield and most other phenotypic traits in transgenic rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, JAU, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Zhongkai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bai Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaoli Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yicong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Dahu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Linjuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Changlan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaosong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045, China
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Gupta P, Andankar I, Gunasekaran B, Easwaran N, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. Genetically modified potato and rice based edible vaccines – An overview. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu W, Li R, Zhang D, Yang L. Development and performance evaluation of whole-genome sequencing with paired-end and mate-pair strategies in molecular characterization of GM crops: One GM rice 114-7-2 line as an example. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100061. [PMID: 35415698 PMCID: PMC8991703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Basic data for the safety assessment of transgenic line involves the molecular characterization of the integration site of exogenous DNA, flanking sequences, copy number, and unintended plasmid backbone residues. However, performing a full molecular characterization remains challenging, especially for GMOs that possess complex exogenous DNA integrations. We established two whole-genome sequencing strategies: paired-end and mate-pair, to characterize the exogenous DNA integration of a human serum albumin gene into rice line 114-7-2, and evaluated the performance of these two strategies in the molecular characterization of transgenic line. The results showed the existence of two exogenous DNA insertion loci (Chr 01 and Chr 04) and their corresponding flanking sequences, five copies of the exogenous rHSA gene, and the presence of unintended residual plasmid backbone sequences. However, the WGS-MP strategy demonstrated higher efficiency, lower cost, and lower background noise compared with the WGS-PE analysis, especially for identification of the exogenous DNA integration site.
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Key Words
- BHQ, black hole quencher
- CTAB, Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
- FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein
- GM rice line 114-7-2
- GMO, genetically modified organism
- ISAAA, International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications
- MP, mate-pair
- Mate pair
- Molecular characterization
- NGS, Next-generation sequencing
- NOS, nopaline synthase
- PE, paired-end
- Paired-end
- WGS, whole-genome sequencing
- WT, Wild type
- Whole-genome sequencing
- ddPCR, Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Litao Yang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhang J, Shen L, Zhang B, Ding C, Su X. Transcriptomic Analysis of Mature Transgenic Poplar Expressing the Transcription Factor JERF36 Gene in Two Different Environments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:929681. [PMID: 35774064 PMCID: PMC9237257 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.929681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last several decades, a number of transgenic or genetically modified tree varieties with enhanced characteristics and new traits have been produced. These trees have become associated with generally unsubstantiated concerns over health and environmental safety. We conducted transcriptome sequencing of transgenic Populus alba × P. berolinensis expressing the transcription factor JERF36 gene (ABJ01) and the non-transgenic progenitor line (9#) to compare the transcriptional changes in the apical buds. We found that 0.77% and 1.31% of the total expressed genes were significant differentially expressed in ABJ01 at the Daqing and Qiqihar sites, respectively. Among them, 30%–50% of the DEGs contained cis-elements recognized by JERF36. Approximately 5% of the total number of expressed genes showed significant differential expression between Daqing and Qiqihar in both ABJ01 and 9#. 10 DEGs resulting from foreign gene introduction, 394 DEGs that resulted solely from the environmental differences, and 47 DEGs that resulted from the combination of foreign gene introduction and the environment were identified. The number of DEGs resulting from environmental factors was significantly greater than that resulting from foreign gene introduction, and the combined effect of the environmental effects with foreign gene introduction was significantly greater than resulting from the introduction of JERF36 alone. GO and KEGG annotation showed that the DEGs mainly participate in the photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signaling, ribosome, endocytosis, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways, which play important roles in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses ins plant. To enhance its adaptability to salt-alkali stress, the transgenic poplar line may regulate the expression of genes that participate in the photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, MAPK, and plant hormone signaling pathways. The crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress responses by plant hormones may improve the ability of both transgenic and non-transgenic poplars to defend against pathogens. The results of our study provide a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms behind improved stress resistance and the unexpected effects of transgenic gene expression in poplars, which will be significant for improving the biosafety evaluation of transgenic trees and accelerating the breeding of new varieties of forest trees resistant to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Tengqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Le Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changjun Ding, ; Xiaohua Su,
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Changjun Ding, ; Xiaohua Su,
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Chen Y, Ren M, Pan L, Liu B, Guan X, Tao J. Impact of transgenic insect-resistant maize HGK60 with Cry1Ah gene on community components and biodiversity of arthropods in the fields. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269459. [PMID: 35657976 PMCID: PMC9165892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, transgenic technology has developed rapidly, but the risk of the environmental release of transgenic organisms is still a key issue. Research on the impact on biodiversity is an effective way to objectively evaluate the risk. By taking transgenic maize HGK60 with insect-resistant gene Cry1Ah and common maize Zheng 58 as control, a 2-year experiment of arthropod community biodiversity in fields of them were studied using three methods.in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that a total of 124 species and 38537 individuals were observed from the experiment, belonging to 11 orders and 40 families. There was no significant difference in the individual number and species number of herbivorous, predatory and parasitic groups in the two kinds of maize in two years. Only the individual number of HGK60 was significantly higher than that of common maize Zheng 58 at heading stage in 2019. And the percentages of individual number and species number in different groups were basically the same in the two kinds of maize at each stage in two years. Analyses of Richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Dominance index and Evenness index showed no significant difference between the two kinds of maize in two years. The similarity coefficient of the arthropod community suggested that the arthropod community composition of HGK60 was similar to that of common maize Zheng 58. Furthermore, HGK60 had no significant effect on the relative stability of the arthropod community. These results indicated that despite the presence of a relatively minor difference in arthropod community between the two kinds of maize, the planting of HGK60 had little effect on arthropod community biodiversity. The results provided some data and support for the further studies of environmental risk of transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Ren
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Libo Pan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R. China
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Afzaal M, Saeed F, Hussain M, Shahid F, Siddeeg A, Al‐Farga A. Proteomics as a promising biomarker in food authentication, quality and safety: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2333-2346. [PMID: 35844910 PMCID: PMC9281926 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adulteration and mislabeling have become a very common global malpractice in food industry. Especially foods of animal origin are prepared from plant sources and intentionally mislabeled. This type of mislabeling is an important concern in food safety as the replaced ingredients may cause a food allergy or toxicity to vulnerable consumers. Moreover, foodborne pathogens also pose a major threat to food safety. There is a dire need to develop strong analytical tools to deal with related issues. In this context, proteomics stands out as a promising tool used to report the aforementioned issues. The development in the field of omics has inimitable advantages in enabling the understanding of various biological fields especially in the discipline of food science. In this review, current applications and the role of proteomics in food authenticity, safety, and quality and food traceability are highlighted comprehensively. Additionally, the other components of proteomics have also been comprehensively described. Furthermore, this review will be helpful in the provision of new intuition into the use of proteomics in food analysis. Moreover, the pathogens in food can also be identified based on differences in their protein profiling. Conclusively, proteomics, an indicator of food properties, its origin, the processes applied to food, and its composition are also the limelight of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Farheen Shahid
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan
| | - Ammar Al‐Farga
- Department of Biochemistry College of Sciences University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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10
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Wyant SR, Rodriguez MF, Carter CK, Parrott WA, Jackson SA, Stupar RM, Morrell PL. Fast neutron mutagenesis in soybean enriches for small indels and creates frameshift mutations. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab431. [PMID: 35100358 PMCID: PMC9335934 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation have been used for decades to create novel variants in experimental populations. Fast neutron (FN) bombardment as a mutagen has been especially widespread in plants, with extensive reports describing the induction of large structural variants, i.e., deletions, insertions, inversions, and translocations. However, the full spectrum of FN-induced mutations is poorly understood. We contrast small insertions and deletions (indels) observed in 27 soybean lines subject to FN irradiation with the standing indels identified in 107 diverse soybean lines. We use the same populations to contrast the nature and context (bases flanking a nucleotide change) of single-nucleotide variants. The accumulation of new single-nucleotide changes in FN lines is marginally higher than expected based on spontaneous mutation. In FN-treated lines and in standing variation, C→T transitions and the corresponding reverse complement G→A transitions are the most abundant and occur most frequently in a CpG local context. These data indicate that most SNPs identified in FN lines are likely derived from spontaneous de novo processes in generations following mutagenesis rather than from the FN irradiation mutagen. However, small indels in FN lines differ from standing variants. Short insertions, from 1 to 6 bp, are less abundant than in standing variation. Short deletions are more abundant and prone to induce frameshift mutations that should disrupt the structure and function of encoded proteins. These findings indicate that FN irradiation generates numerous small indels, increasing the abundance of loss-of-function mutations that impact single genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar R Wyant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M Fernanda Rodriguez
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Corey K Carter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Wayne A Parrott
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Scott A Jackson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert M Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peter L Morrell
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Stanton J, Rezai G, Baglione S. The effect of persuasive/possessing information regarding GMOs on consumer attitudes. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Engineered Maize Hybrids with Diverse Carotenoid Profiles and Potential Applications in Animal Feeding. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33783733 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Multi-gene transformation methods need to be able to introduce multiple transgenes into plants in order to reconstitute a transgenic locus where the introduced genes express in a coordinated manner and do not segregate in subsequent generations. This simultaneous multiple gene transfer enables the study and modulation of the entire metabolic pathways and the elucidation of complex genetic control circuits and regulatory hierarchies. We used combinatorial nuclear transformation to produce multiplex-transgenic maize plants. In proof of principle experiments, we co-expressed five carotenogenic genes in maize endosperm. The resulting combinatorial transgenic maize plant population, equivalent to a "mutant series," allowed us to identify and complement rate-limiting steps in the extended endosperm carotenoid pathway and to recover corn plants with extraordinary levels of β-carotene and other nutritionally important carotenoids. We then introgressed the induced (transgenic) carotenoid pathway in a transgenic line accumulating high levels of nutritionally important carotenoids into a wild-type yellow-endosperm variety with a high β:ε ratio. Novel hybrids accumulated zeaxanthin at unprecedented amounts. We introgressed the same pathway into a different yellow corn line with a low β:ε ratio. The resulting hybrids, in this case, had a very different carotenoid profile. The role of genetic background in determining carotenoid profiles in corn was elucidated, and further rate-limiting steps in the pathway were identified and resolved in hybrids. Astaxanthin accumulation was engineered by overexpression of a β-carotene ketolase in maize endosperm. In early experiments, limited astaxanthin accumulation in transgenic maize plants was attributed to a bottleneck in the conversion of adonixanthin (4-ketozeaxanthin) to astaxanthin. More recent experiments showed that a synthetic β-carotene ketolase with a superior β-carotene/zeaxanthin ketolase activity is critical for the high-yield production of astaxanthin in maize endosperm. Engineered lines were used in animal feeding experiments which demonstrated not only the safety of the engineered lines but also their efficacy in a range of different animal production applications.
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Raja IS, Vedhanayagam M, Preeth DR, Kim C, Lee JH, Han DW. Development of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials Based Electrochemical Biosensors on Enhancing the Analysis of Food Toxicants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3277. [PMID: 33806998 PMCID: PMC8005143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, food safety has become a topic of debate as the foodborne diseases triggered by chemical and biological contaminants affect human health and the food industry's profits. Though conventional analytical instrumentation-based food sensors are available, the consumers did not appreciate them because of the drawbacks of complexity, greater number of analysis steps, expensive enzymes, and lack of portability. Hence, designing easy-to-use tests for the rapid analysis of food contaminants has become essential in the food industry. Under this context, electrochemical biosensors have received attention among researchers as they bear the advantages of operational simplicity, portability, stability, easy miniaturization, and low cost. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have a larger surface area to volume compared to other dimensional nanomaterials. Hence, researchers nowadays are inclined to develop 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors to significantly improve the sensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility while measuring the food toxicants. In the present review, we compile the contribution of 2D nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensors to test the food toxicants and discuss the future directions in the field. Further, we describe the types of food toxicity, methodologies quantifying food analytes, how the electrochemical food sensor works, and the general biomedical properties of 2D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Desingh Raj Preeth
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India;
| | - Chuntae Kim
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (I.S.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (I.S.R.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Zarka KA, Hokanson K, Douches DS. Molecular characterization for food safety assessment of a genetically modified late blight resistant potato: an unusual case. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:169-183. [PMID: 33751337 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Standard food safety assessments of genetically modified crops require a thorough molecular characterization of the novel DNA as inserted into the plant that is intended for commercialization, as well as a comparison of agronomic and nutritional characteristics of the genetically modified to the non-modified counterpart. These characterization data are used to identify any unintended changes in the inserted DNA or in the modified plant that would require assessment for safety in addition to the assessment of the intended modification. An unusual case of an unintended effect discovered from the molecular characterization of a genetically modified late blight resistant potato developed for growing in Bangladesh and Indonesia is presented here. Not only was a significant portion of the plasmid vector backbone DNA inserted into the plant along with the intended insertion of an R-gene for late blight resistance, but the inserted DNA was split into two separate fragments and inserted into two separate chromosomes. One fragment carries the R-gene and the other fragment carries the NPTII selectable marker gene and the plasmid backbone DNA. The implications of this for the food safety assessment of this late blight resistant potato are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Zarka
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Molecular Plant Science Bldg, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Karen Hokanson
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - David S Douches
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Molecular Plant Science Bldg, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Chang YB, Hong KB, Kim MG, Suh HJ, Jo K. Effect of the protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal on the endurance exercise performance of BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1338-1348. [PMID: 33448266 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple food in Korea. The protein in rice reportedly contains higher levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) than proteins in other grains. Taking BCAAs during exercise can reduce muscle fatigue by reducing muscle glycogen depletion. However, there are limited studies reporting the anti-fatigue effect of rice protein. We investigate the muscular endurance and anti-fatigue effects of the protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal in mouse models. BALB/C mice were divided into the following groups: control (CON), low and high dose rice syrup meal (RL: 1.5 g kg-1; RH: 3.0 g kg-1), and low and high dose protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal (PL: 1.5 g kg-1; PH: 3.0 g kg-1). The total activity during a forced swimming test was analyzed by a behavioral assay. The mutual relationship between the anti-fatigue activity and energy metabolism was assessed by biochemical, enzyme activity, and gene expression analyses. The protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal contained 32.18 mg g-1 BCAAs, such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and its BCAA ratio (2.5 : 1.0 : 1.4) was considered effective for endurance exercise. Furthermore, PH administration significantly increased the change in the maximum swimming duration by 4.2 min (3.77 ± 0.74 min) compared to that of the CON group (-0.42 ± 0.55 min, p < 0.01). The PH group showed significantly different changes in the blood glucose and lactate levels compared with the CON group; similarly, the aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase levels were significantly lower in the protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal group than the CON group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal-mediated improvement of endurance performance was accompanied by an increased in adenosine triphosphate content in the muscle and decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation in the liver. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of phospho-AMP activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), the major energy-related factors of protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal, were significantly increased. The protein hydrolysate of rice syrup meal can be utilized as an efficacious natural resource for its muscular-endurance-enhancing and anti-fatigue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Guk Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Fu W, Zhu P, Qu M, Zhi W, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhu S. Evaluation on reprogramed biological processes in transgenic maize varieties using transcriptomics and metabolomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2050. [PMID: 33479482 PMCID: PMC7820507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering (GM) has great potential to improve maize productivity, but rises some concerns on unintended effects, and equivalent as their comparators. There are some limitations through targeted analysis to detect the UE in genetically modified organisms in many previous studies. We here reported a case-study on the effects of introducing herbicides and insect resistance (HIR) gene cassette on molecular profiling (transcripts and metabolites) in a popular maize variety Zhengdan958 (ZD958) in China. We found that introducing HIR gene cassette bring a limited numbers of differential abundant genes (DAGs) or differential abundant metabolites (DAMs) between transgenic events and non-transgenic control. In contrast, averaged 10 times more DAGs and DAMs were observed when performed comparison under different growing environments in three different ecological regions of China than the numbers induced by gene effects. Major biological pathways relating to stress response or signaling transduction could explain somehow the effects of growing environments. We further compared two transgenic events mediated ZD958 (GM-ZD958) with either transgenic parent GM-Z58, and other genetic background nonGM-Z58, nonGM-ZD958, and Chang7-2. We found that the numbers of DAGs and DAMs between GM-ZD958 and its one parent maize variety, Z58 or GM-Z58 is equivalent, but not Chang7-2. These findings suggest that greater effects due to different genetic background on altered molecular profiling than gene modification itself. This study provides a case evidence indicating marginal effects of gene pleiotropic effects, and environmental effects should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Pengyu Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Mingnan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wang Zhi
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Feiwu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Abstract
Worldwide demand for ethanol alternative fuel has been emerging day by day owing to the rapid population growth and industrialization. Culturing microalgae as an alternative feedstock is anticipated to be a potentially significant approach for sustainable bioethanol biofuel production. Microalgae are abundant in nature, which grow at faster rates with a capability of storing high lipid and starch/cellulose contents inside their cells. This process offers several environmental advantages, including the effective utilization of land, good CO2 sequestration without entering into "food against fuel" dispute. This chapter focuses on the methods and processes used for the production of bioethanol biofuels from algae. Thus, it also covers significant achievements in the research and developments on algae bioethanol production, mainly including pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of algae biomass. The processes of producing biodiesel, biogas, and hydrogen have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Soni
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - R Krishnapriya
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India.
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Abstract
With change in global concern toward food quality over food quantity, consumer concern and choice of healthy food has become a matter of prime importance. It gave rise to concept of “personalized or precision nutrition”. The theory behind personalization of nutrition is supported by multiple factors including advances in food analytics, nutrition based diseases and public health programs, increasing use of information technology in nutrition science, concept of gene-diet interaction and growing consumer capacity or concern by better and healthy foods. The advances in “omics” tools and related analytical techniques have resulted into tremendous scope of their application in nutrition science. As a consequence, a better understanding of underlying interaction between diet and individual is expected with addressing of key challenges for successful implementation of this science. In this chapter, the above aspects are discussed to get an insight into driving factors for increasing concern in personalized nutrition.
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Gupta R, Baruah AM, Acharjee S, Sarmah BK. Compositional analysis of transgenic Bt-chickpea resistant to Helicoverpa armigera. GM CROPS & FOOD 2020; 11:262-274. [PMID: 32594843 PMCID: PMC7523883 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1782147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic chickpeas expressing high levels of a truncated version of the cry1Ac (trcry1Ac) gene conferred complete protection to Helicoverpa armigera in the greenhouse. Homozygous progeny of two lines, Cry1Ac.1 and Cry1Ac.2, had similar growth pattern and other morphological characteristics, including seed yield, compared to the non-transgenic counterpart; therefore, seed compositional analysis was carried out. These selected homozygous chickpea lines were selfed for ten generations along with the non-transgenic parent under contained conditions. A comparative seed composition assessment, seed storage proteins profiling, and in vitro protein digestibility were performed to confirm that these lines do not have significant alterations in seed composition compared to the parent. Our analyses showed no significant difference in primary nutritional composition between transgenic and non-transgenic chickpeas. In addition, the seed storage protein profile also showed no variation between the transgenic chickpea lines. Seed protein digestibility assays using simulated gastric fluid revealed a similar rate of digestion of proteins from the transgenic trcry1Ac lines compared to the non-transgenic line. Thus, our data suggest no unintended changes in the seed composition of transgenic chickpea expressing a trcry1Ac gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Gupta
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
| | - Ananta Madhab Baruah
- Department of Biochemistry and Agricultural Chemistry, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
| | - Sumita Acharjee
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Sarmah
- DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
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20
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Liu Q, Yang X, Tzin V, Peng Y, Romeis J, Li Y. Plant breeding involving genetic engineering does not result in unacceptable unintended effects in rice relative to conventional cross-breeding. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2236-2249. [PMID: 32593184 PMCID: PMC7540705 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in -omics techniques provide powerful tools to assess the potential effects in composition of a plant at the RNA, protein and metabolite levels. These technologies can thus be deployed to assess whether genetic engineering (GE) causes changes in plants that go beyond the changes introduced by conventional plant breeding. Here, we compare the extent of transcriptome and metabolome modification occurring in leaves of four GE rice lines expressing Bacillus thuringiensis genes developed by GE and seven rice lines developed by conventional cross-breeding. The results showed that both types of crop breeding methods can bring changes at transcriptomic and metabolic levels, but the differences were comparable between the two methods, and were less than those between conventional non-GE lines were. Metabolome profiling analysis found several new metabolites in GE rice lines when compared with the closest non-GE parental lines, but these compounds were also found in several of the conventionally bred rice lines. Functional analyses suggest that the differentially expressed genes and metabolites caused by both GE and conventional cross-breeding do not involve detrimental metabolic pathways. The study successfully employed RNA-sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technology to assess the unintended changes in new rice varieties, and the results suggest that GE does not cause unintended effects that go beyond conventional cross-breeding in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
- College of Life SciencesXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang464000People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of DrylandsJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen‐Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreseht Ben Gurion8499000Israel
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
| | - Jörg Romeis
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
- Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and EnvironmentZurich8046Switzerland
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
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21
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Chiozza MV, Burachik M, Miranda PV. Compositional analysis of soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5. GM CROPS & FOOD 2020; 11:154-163. [PMID: 32351157 PMCID: PMC7518735 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1742040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the world's largest source of protein feed and the second largest source of vegetable oil. Water restriction is the main limiting factor to achieve maximum soybean yields. Therefore, development of varieties that maintain yield under environmental stresses is a major objective of soybean breeding programs. The HaHB4 (Helianthus annuus homeobox 4) gene from sunflower encodes for a transcription factor involved in the plant´s tolerance to environmental stress. The introduction of HaHB4 in soybean led to the development of event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 (HB4® soybean), which displayed higher yield in environments having low productivity potential, compared with the parental control variety. Compositional analyses of soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 were conducted both in Argentina and the United Sates. A total of 44 components were analyzed in grain and 9 components in forage. Based on the results of these studies it was concluded that soybean event IND-ØØ41Ø-5 was compositionally equivalent to its non-transgenic parental control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V. Chiozza
- Instituto De Agrobiotecnología Rosario (INDEAR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Moisés Burachik
- Instituto De Agrobiotecnología Rosario (INDEAR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia V. Miranda
- Instituto De Agrobiotecnología Rosario (INDEAR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET)
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22
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Fraser PD, Aharoni A, Hall RD, Huang S, Giovannoni JJ, Sonnewald U, Fernie AR. Metabolomics should be deployed in the identification and characterization of gene-edited crops. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:897-902. [PMID: 31923321 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gene-editing techniques are currently revolutionizing biology, allowing far greater precision than previous mutagenic and transgenic approaches. They are becoming applicable to a wide range of plant species and biological processes. Gene editing can rapidly improve a range of crop traits, including disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, yield, nutritional quality and additional consumer traits. Unlike transgenic approaches, however, it is not facile to forensically detect gene-editing events at the molecular level, as no foreign DNA exists in the elite line. These limitations in molecular detection approaches are likely to focus more attention on the products generated from the technology than on the process in itself. Rapid advances in sequencing and genome assembly increasingly facilitate genome sequencing as a means of characterizing new varieties generated by gene-editing techniques. Nevertheless, subtle edits such as single base changes or small deletions may be difficult to distinguish from normal variation within a genotype. Given these emerging scenarios, downstream 'omics' technologies reflective of edited affects, such as metabolomics, need to be used in a more prominent manner to fully assess compositional changes in novel foodstuffs. To achieve this goal, metabolomics or 'non-targeted metabolite analysis' needs to make significant advances to deliver greater representation across the metabolome. With the emergence of new edited crop varieties, we advocate: (i) concerted efforts in the advancement of 'omics' technologies, such as metabolomics, and (ii) an effort to redress the use of the technology in the regulatory assessment for metabolically engineered biotech crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert D Hall
- Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - James J Giovannoni
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Muccilli V, Vitale A, Sheng L, Gentile A, Cardullo N, Tringali C, Oliveri C, La Rosa R, Di Guardo M, La Malfa S, Deng Z, Distefano G. Substantial Equivalence of a Transgenic Lemon Fruit Showing Postharvest Fungal Pathogens Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3806-3816. [PMID: 32096635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of genetically modified (GM) crops speeds up the obtainment of novel varieties with improved agronomic characteristics. However, the risk evaluation of the use of GMs is mandatory before their release in the market. In this paper, an untargeted and comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic study was carried out on the peel and flesh of a transgenic lemon clone (E23) expressing the chit42 gene and exhibiting an increased tolerance to some pathogenic fungi and on its wild type. Results highlighted a substantial equivalence of the metabolomics profile of the transgenic clone compared to the wild type. In addition, an enhanced response of the E23 clone toward fungal pathogens affecting the postharvest management in lemon was evidenced. These results confirm the potential of genetic engineering for the punctual modification of specific agronomic traits without altering the whole pattern of metabolites and open new perspectives for a more sustainable and effective management of specific postharvest diseases in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ling Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, China
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, China
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Oliveri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa La Rosa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Di Guardo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ziniu Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Changsha, China
| | - Gaetano Distefano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Dong S, Gao M, Bo Z, Guan L, Hu X, Zhang H, Liu B, Li P, He K, Liu X, Zhang C. Production and characterization of a single-chain variable fragment antibody from a site-saturation mutagenesis library derived from the anti-Cry1A monoclonal antibody. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:60-69. [PMID: 31954781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There are plenty of applications of Cry1A toxins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac) in genetically modified crops, and it is necessary to establish corresponding detection methods. In this study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with high affinities to Cry1A toxins was produced. First, the variable regions of heavy (VH) and light chain (VL) were amplified from hybridoma cell 5B5 which secrete anti-Cry1A monoclonal antibody (mAb) and then spliced into scFv-5B5 by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR). Subsequently, site-saturation mutagenesis was performed after homology modeling and molecular docking, which showed that asparagine35, phenylalanine36, isoleucine104, tyrosine105, and serine196, respectively, located in VH complementarity-determining region (CDR1 and CDR3) and VL framework region (FR3) were key amino acid sites. Then, the mutagenesis scFv library (1.35 × 105 CFU/mL) was constructed and a mutant scFv-2G12 with equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 9.819 × 10-9 M against Cry1Ab toxin, which was lower than scFv-5B5 (2.025 × 10-8 M) was obtained by biopanning. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 4.6-9.2 and 11.1-17.1 ng mL-1 respectively for scFv-2G12, which were lower than scFv-5B5 (12.4-22.0 and 23.6-39.7 ng mL-1). Results indicated the promising prospect of scFv-2G12 used for the detection of Cry1A toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Meijing Gao
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Lingjun Guan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hanxiaoya Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Kangli He
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China.
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Xu Y, Bi L, Yu Z, Lin C, Gan L, Zhu L, Li H, Song Y, Zhu C. Comprehensive transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of rice stripe virus-resistant transgenic rice. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang X, Zhang X, Yang J, Liu X, Song Y, Wang Z. Genetic variation assessment of stacked-trait transgenic maize via conventional breeding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:346. [PMID: 31391002 PMCID: PMC6686426 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety assessment and control of stacked transgenic crops is increasingly important due to continuous crop development and is urgently needed in China. The genetic stability of foreign genes and unintended effects are the primary problems encountered in safety assessment. Omics techniques are useful for addressing these problems. The stacked transgenic maize variety 12-5 × IE034, which has insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant traits, was developed via a breeding stack using 12-5 and IE034 as parents. Using 12-5 × IE034, its parents (12-5 and IE034), and different maize varieties as materials, we performed proteomic profiling, molecular characterization and a genetic stability analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that the copy number of foreign genes in 12-5 × IE034 is identical to that of its parents 12-5 and IE034. Foreign genes can be stably inherited over different generations. Proteomic profiling analysis found no newly expressed proteins in 12-5 × IE034, and the differences in protein expression between 12 and 5 × IE034 and its parents were within the range of variation of conventional maize varieties. The expression levels of key enzymes participating in the shikimic acid pathway which is related to glyphosate tolerance of 12-5 × IE034 were not significantly different from those of its parents or five conventional maize varieties, which indicated that without selective pressure by glyphosate, the introduced EPSPS synthase is not has a pronounced impact on the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in maize. CONCLUSIONS Stacked-trait development via conventional breeding did not have an impact on the genetic stability of T-DNA, and the impact of stacked breeding on the maize proteome was less significant than that of genotypic differences. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development of a safety assessment approach for stacked-trait transgenic crops in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujing Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MARA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, 12 Zhuangguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MARA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, 12 Zhuangguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jiangtao Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MARA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, 12 Zhuangguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MARA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, 12 Zhuangguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yaya Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MARA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, 12 Zhuangguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MARA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, 12 Zhuangguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
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Tan Y, Zhang J, Sun Y, Tong Z, Peng C, Chang L, Guo A, Wang X. Comparative Proteomics of Phytase-transgenic Maize Seeds Indicates Environmental Influence is More Important than that of Gene Insertion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8219. [PMID: 31160654 PMCID: PMC6547748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic differences were compared between phytase-transgenic (PT) maize seeds and nontransgenic (NT) maize seeds through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with mass spectrometry (MS). When maize was grown under field conditions, 30 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were successfully identified in PT seeds (PT/NT). Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) functional classification of these proteins showed that the largest group was associated with posttranslational modifications. To investigate the effects of environmental factors, we further compared the seed protein profiles of the same maize planted in a greenhouse or under field conditions. There were 76 DAPs between the greenhouse- and field-grown NT maize seeds and 77 DAPs between the greenhouse- and field-grown PT maize seeds However, under the same planting conditions, there were only 43 DAPs (planted in the greenhouse) or 37 DAPs (planted in the field) between PT and NT maize seeds. The results revealed that DAPs caused by environmental factors were more common than those caused by the insertion of exogenous genes, indicating that the environment has much more important effects on the seed protein profiles. Our maize seed proteomics results also indicated that the occurrence of unintended effects is not specific to genetically modified crops (GMCs); instead, such effects often occur in traditionally bred plants. Our data may be beneficial for biosafety assessments of GMCs at the protein profile level in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Tan
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Cunzhi Peng
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China.
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28
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Fu W, Wang C, Xu W, Zhu P, Lu Y, Wei S, Wu X, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu S. Unintended effects of transgenic rice revealed by transcriptome and metabolism. GM CROPS & FOOD 2019; 10:20-34. [PMID: 30955410 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1598215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) organisms have been developed for decades. However, unintended effects are the main concerns of safety assessment that needs to be carefully investigated. Here, eight varieties of GM rice that were developed in China were selected to assess the unintended effects through transcriptome and metabolism. There are 2892-8758 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7-50 metabolites at significant level between GM varieties and their isogenic counterparts, which were far fewer than that between traditional rice varieties. The function enrichment analysis showed altered transcription in stress-related pathway and starch and sucrose metabolism. DEGs shared among eight GM samples constitute less than 1% of the genes in the genome, and none of them is reported more than four times. The insertion effect on the nearby gene expression and the associated metabolism is only restricted to 50 genes. All the results provide a comprehensive analysis of unintended effects and indication of difference in Chinese transgenic rice based on their backgrounds, transformation, and insertion elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- a Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine , Beijing , China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- a Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,c College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- a Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,c College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Pengyu Zhu
- a Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine , Beijing , China
| | - Yun Lu
- a Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine , Beijing , China
| | - Shuang Wei
- d Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiyang Wu
- e Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuping Wu
- a Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine , Beijing , China
| | - Yiqiang Zhao
- b Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- a Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine , Beijing , China.,c College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
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Ayala F, Fedrigo GV, Burachik M, Miranda PV. Compositional equivalence of event IND-ØØ412-7 to non-transgenic wheat. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:165-176. [PMID: 30656492 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain, occupying a significant portion of the total cultivated land. As drought is the major environmental stressor affecting crop production, yield maintenance under water deficit conditions appears as a highly desirable phenotype for crop improvement. The HaHB4 (Helianthus annuus homeobox 4) gene from sunflower encodes for a transcription factor involved in tolerance to environmental stress. The introduction of HaHB4 in wheat led to the development of event IND-ØØ412-7 (HB4® wheat), which displayed higher yield in production environments of low productivity potential. Compositional analysis of IND-ØØ412-7 wheat, including 41 nutrients and 2 anti-nutrients for grain and 10 nutrients in forage, was performed. Results of these studies indicated that IND-ØØ412-7 is compositionally equivalent to non-transgenic wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ayala
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia Rosario (INDEAR), Ocampo Bis 210, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Griselda V Fedrigo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia Rosario (INDEAR), Ocampo Bis 210, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Moises Burachik
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia Rosario (INDEAR), Ocampo Bis 210, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Miranda
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia Rosario (INDEAR), Ocampo Bis 210, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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30
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Davies JP, Christensen CA. Developing Transgenic Agronomic Traits for Crops: Targets, Methods, and Challenges. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1864:343-365. [PMID: 30415346 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a surge of investment by the agricultural biotechnology industry in the development of transgenic agronomic traits. These are traits that improve yield performance by modifying endogenous physiological processes such as energy capture, nutrient utilization, and stress tolerance. In this chapter we provide a foundation for understanding these fundamental processes and then outline approaches that have been taken to use this knowledge for yield improvement. We characterize the current status of product development pipelines in the industry and illustrate the trait discovery process with three important examples-bacterial cold-shock proteins, alanine aminotransferase, and auxin-regulated genes. The challenges with developing and commercializing an agronomic trait product are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Davies
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Cory A Christensen
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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31
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Ogwu MC. Lifelong Consumption of Plant-Based GM Foods. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND HUMAN HEALTH CHALLENGES 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7635-8.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops are cultivated in over 30 countries with their products and by-products imported by over 60 countries. This chapter seeks to highlight general concerns and potential lifelong effects of consuming GM plant-based food. The consumption of GM plant-based food is as risky as consuming conventional plant-based food. However, the alien genes in these products may be unstable leading to antinutritional and unintended short-term consequences. Due to the paucity of research, no long-term effects have been attributed to the lifelong consumption of these products. Nonetheless, possible lifelong health and socioeconomic effects may result from outcrossing of genes, increasing antibiotic resistance, development of new diseases, as well as potential effects on the environment and biodiversity. Biotechnology companies need to invest more in interdisciplinary research addressing the potential lifelong effects of these products. Although GM foods are safe for consumption, clarification of current risks and lifelong effects are required.
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32
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Tagliabue G. Scientific mistakes from the agri-food biotech critics. LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2018; 14:25. [PMID: 30535611 PMCID: PMC6287354 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Critics of the use of advanced biotechnologies in the agri-food sector ("New Breeding Techniques", comprising CRISPR) demand a strict regulation of any such method, even more severe than rules applied to so-called "Genetically Modified Organisms" (i.e. recombinant DNA processes and products). But their position is unwarranted, since it relies on faulty arguments.While most life scientists have always explained that the trigger for regulation should be the single product and its phenotypic traits, opponents insist that the target should be certain biotech processes.The antagonists maintain that NBTs are inherently risky: this belief is exactly the opposite of a long-standing, overwhelming scientific consensus. NBTs involve unpredictable effects, but it is the same for the results of any other technique. The critics wrongly equate "unintended" with "harmful" and misunderstand two meanings of "risk": the "risk" of not achieving satisfactory results does not automatically translate into health or environment "risks". Generic claims that allergenic or toxic properties are a hidden danger of outcomes from NBTs are unsubstantiated - as they would be for traditional techniques.Among several errors, we criticize the misuse of the Precautionary principle, a misplaced alarm about "uncontrolled spreading" of genetically engineered cultivars and the groundless comparison of (hypothetical) agricultural products from NBTs with known toxic substances.In order to "save" traditional techniques from "GMO"-like regulations, while calling for the enforcement of similar sectarian rules for the NBTs, the dissenters engage in baseless, unscientific distinctions.Important and necessary socio-economic, ethical and legal considerations related to the use of agri-food biotechnologies (older and newer) are outside the scope of this paper, which mostly deals with arguments from genetics, biology, and evolutionary theory that are provided by those who are suspicious of NBTs. Yet, we will provide some hints on two additional facets of the debate: the possible motivations for certain groups to embrace views which are utterly anti-scientific, and the shaky regulatory destiny of NBTs in the European Union.
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33
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CRISPR versus GMOs: Public acceptance and valuation. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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34
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Christ B, Pluskal T, Aubry S, Weng JK. Contribution of Untargeted Metabolomics for Future Assessment of Biotech Crops. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1047-1056. [PMID: 30361071 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional value and safety of food crops are ultimately determined by their chemical composition. Recent developments in the field of metabolomics have made it possible to characterize the metabolic profile of crops in a comprehensive and high-throughput manner. Here, we propose that state-of-the-art untargeted metabolomics technology should be leveraged for safety assessment of new crop products. We suggest generally applicable experimental design principles that facilitate the efficient and rigorous identification of both intended and unintended metabolic alterations associated with a newly engineered trait. Our proposition could contribute to increased transparency of the safety assessment process for new biotech crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Christ
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sylvain Aubry
- Federal Office for Agriculture, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Park YJ, Park SU, Ha SH, Lim SH, Kim JK. Improved quantification of γ-aminobutyric acid in rice using stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 266:375-380. [PMID: 30381200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An accurate method for the analysis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rice grain was developed using trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization and stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. When this method was used with GABA‑d6 as an internal standard (IS), the observed GABA concentration was maintained at 100% of the initial concentration with increasing storage time of the vial in the autosampler. In contrast, when using ribitol as an IS and multiple injections from one vial or single injections from different vials, the observed GABA concentration was 85 and 113% of the initial concentration upon increased storage time, respectively. The improved method recoveries at two different spike levels were between 93.3 and 97.8%, with relative standard deviations of less than 3.3%. The GABA content of resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice was compared with that of its non-transgenic counterpart from two field sites, and statistically non-significant differences were observed between the two grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Hyung Lim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Ko DK, Nadakuduti SS, Douches DS, Buell CR. Transcriptome profiling of transgenic potato plants provides insights into variability caused by plant transformation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206055. [PMID: 30408049 PMCID: PMC6224046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop genetic engineering involves transformation in which transgenic plants are regenerated through tissue culture manipulations that can elicit somaclonal variation due to mutations, translocations, and/or epigenetic alterations. Here, we report on alterations in the transcriptome in a panel of transgenic potato plants engineered to be herbicide resistant. Using an inbred diploid potato clone (DMRH S5 28–5), ten single-insert transgenic lines derived from independent Agrobacterium-mediated transformation events were selected for herbicide resistance using an allelic variant of acetolactate synthase (mALS1). Expression abundances of the single-copy mALS1 transgene varied in individual transgenic lines was correlated with the level of phenotypic herbicide resistance, suggesting the importance of transgene expression in transgenic performance. Using RNA-sequencing, differentially expressed genes were identified with the proportion of genes up-regulated significantly higher than down-regulated genes in the panel, suggesting a differential impact of the plant transformation on gene expression activation compared to repression. Not only were transcription factors among the differentially expressed genes but specific transcription factor binding sites were also enriched in promoter regions of differentially expressed genes in transgenic lines, linking transcriptomic variation with specific transcription factor activity. Collectively, these results provide an improved understanding of transcriptomic variability caused by plant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kwan Ko
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Satya Swathi Nadakuduti
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David S. Douches
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- MSU AgBioResearch, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - C. Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- MSU AgBioResearch, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kok E, van Dijk J, Voorhuijzen M, Staats M, Slot M, Lommen A, Venema D, Pla M, Corujo M, Barros E, Hutten R, Jansen J, van der Voet H. Omics analyses of potato plant materials using an improved one-class classification tool to identify aberrant compositional profiles in risk assessment procedures. Food Chem 2018; 292:350-358. [PMID: 31054687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess potato omics profiles of new varieties for meaningful differences from analogous profiles of commercial varieties through the SIMCA one-class classification model. Analytical profiles of nine commercial potato varieties, eleven experimental potato varieties, one GM potato variety that had acquired Phytophtora resistance based on a single insert with potato-derived DNA sequences, and its non-GM commercial counterpart were generated. The ten conventional varieties were used to construct the one-class model. Omics profiles from experimental non-GM and GM varieties were assessed using the one-class SIMCA models. No potential unintended effects were identified in the case of the GM variety. The model showed that varieties that were genetically more distant from the commercial varieties were recognized as aberrant, highlighting its potential in determining whether additional evaluation is required for the risk assessment of materials produced from any breeding technique, including genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kok
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen van Dijk
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Voorhuijzen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Staats
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Slot
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Lommen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dini Venema
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Pla
- University of Girona, Institute for Food and Agricultural Technology (INTEA), Campus Montilivi (EPS-1), 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Corujo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Barros
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Biosciences, Brummeria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Hutten
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Jansen
- University of Nijmegen, Comeniuslaan 4, 6525 HP Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hilko van der Voet
- Wageningen University & Research, Biometris, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Lu M, Jin Y, Cerny R, Ballmer-Weber B, Goodman RE. Combining 2-DE immunoblots and mass spectrometry to identify putative soybean (Glycine max) allergens. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:207-215. [PMID: 29673863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is recognized as a commonly allergenic food, but the identity of important allergens is not well studied. Recently, some global regulatory agencies started requiring quantitative analysis of individual allergens, including unproven allergens, as part of the risk assessment for genetically engineered (GE) soybeans. We sought to identify soybean proteins that bind IgE from any of 10 individual soybean-sensitized subjects. Soybean IgE binding proteins were identified by 2-DE immunoblots using sera from four soy-allergic and plasma from six soy-sensitized human subjects. Corresponding spots were excised from stained gels, digested, and analyzed using a quadrupole TOF Synapt G2-S tandem mass spectrometer. Results showed the major IgE binding proteins were subunits of either β-conglycinin (Gly m 5) or glycinin (Gly m 6). Soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) was a significant IgE binding protein for four subjects. Soybean agglutinin, seed biotinylated protein (SBP) of 65 kDa, late embryogenesis protein (LEP), and sucrose-binding protein were identified as IgE binding only for soy-sensitized subjects. We conclude that the major soybean allergens are isoforms of Gly m 5, Gly m 6, and possibly SKTI and that requirements for quantitative measurement of proteins that are not clear allergens is not relevant to safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Ron Cerny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 639 N. 12th Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard E Goodman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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Sattarzadeh A, Rahnama H, Nikmard M, Ghareyazie B. Detection of genetically modified food in digesta and organs of rats fed transgenic potato. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/86717/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Raybould A, Macdonald P. Policy-Led Comparative Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Crops: Testing for Increased Risk Rather Than Profiling Phenotypes Leads to Predictable and Transparent Decision-Making. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:43. [PMID: 29755975 PMCID: PMC5932390 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two contrasting methods of comparative environmental risk assessment for genetically modified (GM) crops. Both are science-based, in the sense that they use science to help make decisions, but they differ in the relationship between science and policy. Policy-led comparative risk assessment begins by defining what would be regarded as unacceptable changes when the use a particular GM crop replaces an accepted use of another crop. Hypotheses that these changes will not occur are tested using existing or new data, and corroboration or falsification of the hypotheses is used to inform decision-making. Science-led comparative risk assessment, on the other hand, tends to test null hypotheses of no difference between a GM crop and a comparator. The variables that are compared may have little or no relevance to any previously stated policy objective and hence decision-making tends to be ad hoc in response to possibly spurious statistical significance. We argue that policy-led comparative risk assessment is the far more effective method. With this in mind, we caution that phenotypic profiling of GM crops, particularly with omics methods, is potentially detrimental to risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phil Macdonald
- Plant Health Science Services, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wang XJ, Zhang X, Yang JT, Wang ZX. Effect on transcriptome and metabolome of stacked transgenic maize containing insecticidal cry and glyphosate tolerance epsps genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1007-1016. [PMID: 29356248 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene stacking is a developing trend in agricultural biotechnology. Unintended effects in stacked transgenic plants are safety issues considered by the public and researchers. Omics techniques provide useful tools to assess unintended effects. In this paper, stacked transgenic maize 12-5×IE034 that contained insecticidal cry and glyphosate tolerance G10-epsps genes was obtained by crossing of transgenic maize varieties 12-5 and IE034. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed for different maize varieties, including 12-5×IE034, 12-5, IE034, and conventional varieties collected from different provinces in China. The transcriptome results were as follows. The nine maize varieties had obvious differences in gene expression. There were 3561-5538 differentially expressed genes between 12-5×IE034 and its parents and transgenic receptor, which were far fewer than the number of differentially expressed genes in different traditional maize varieties. Cluster analysis indicated that there were close relationships between 12-5×IE034 and its parents. The metabolome results were as follows. For the nine detected maize varieties, the number of different metabolites ranged from 0 to 240. Compared with its parents, 12-5 and IE034, the hybrid variety 12-5×IE034 had 15 and 112 different metabolites, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis with Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the differences between 12-5×IE034 and its parents were fewer than those between other maize varieties. Shikimate pathway-related genes and metabolites analysis results showed that the effects of hybrid stacking are less than those from transformation and differing genotypes. Thus, the differences due to breeding stack were fewer than those due to natural variation among maize varieties. This paper provides scientific data for assessing unintended effects in stacked transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jing Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Beijing, 100081, China
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Fang J, Nan P, Gu Z, Ge X, Feng YQ, Lu BR. Overexpressing Exogenous 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) Genes Increases Fecundity and Auxin Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:233. [PMID: 29535747 PMCID: PMC5835131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic glyphosate-tolerant plants overproducing EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) may exhibit enhanced fitness in glyphosate-free environments. If so, introgression of transgenes overexpressing EPSPS into wild relative species may lead to increased competitiveness of crop-wild hybrids, resulting in unpredicted environmental impact. Assessing fitness effects of transgenes overexpressing EPSPS in a model plant species can help address this question, while elucidating how overproducing EPSPS affects the fitness-related traits of plants. We produced segregating T2 and T3Arabidopsis thaliana lineages with or without a transgene overexpressing EPSPS isolated from rice or Agrobacterium (CP4). For each of the three transgenes, we compared glyphosate tolerance, some fitness-related traits, and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) content in transgene-present, transgene-absent, empty vector (EV), and parental lineages in a common-garden experiment. We detected substantially increased glyphosate tolerance in T2 plants of transgene-present lineages that overproduced EPSPS. We also documented significant increases in fecundity, which was associated with increased auxin content in T3 transgene-present lineages containing rice EPSPS genes, compared with their segregating transgene-absent lineages, EV, and parental controls. Our results from Arabidopsis with nine transgenic events provide a strong support to the hypothesis that transgenic plants overproducing EPSPS can benefit from a fecundity advantage in glyphosate-free environments. Stimulated biosynthesis of auxin, an important plant growth hormone, by overproducing EPSPS may play a role in enhanced fecundity of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The obtained knowledge is useful for assessing environmental impact caused by introgression of transgenes overproducing EPSPS from any GE crop into populations of its wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Nan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Rong Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tagliabue G. Product, not process! Explaining a basic concept in agricultural biotechnologies and food safety. LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2017; 13:3. [PMID: 28255668 PMCID: PMC5334331 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-017-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most life scientists have relentlessly recommended any evaluative approach of agri-food products to be based on examination of the phenotype, i.e. the actual characteristics of the food, feed and fiber varieties: the effects of any new cultivar (or micro-organism, animal) on our health are not dependent on the process(es), the techniques used to obtain it.The so-called "genetically modified organisms" ("GMOs"), on the other hand, are commonly framed as a group with special properties - most frequently seen as dubious, or even harmful.Some social scientists still believe that considering the process is a correct background for science-based understanding and regulation. To show that such an approach is utterly wrong, and to invite scientists, teachers and science communicators to explain this mistake to students, policy-makers and the public at large, we imagined a dialogue between a social scientist, who has a positive opinion about a certain weight that a process-based orientation should have in the risk assessment, and a few experts who offer plenty of arguments against that view. The discussion focuses on new food safety.
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Tagliabue G. The central dogma, "GMO" and defective epistemology. GM CROPS & FOOD 2017; 8:209-215. [PMID: 29173000 PMCID: PMC5790417 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2017.1405899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression "Genetically Modified Organisms" was coined to indicate a group of agricultural products (mostly crops and vegetables), modified through direct DNA recombination in order to obtain useful phenotypic traits or to inhibit undesirable characteristics. But the border between rDNA ("GMO") and other biotech methods is blurred. Moreover, the ill-assorted group is frequently charged with having peculiar, negative characteristics: many activists, part of the public and a few social science scholars think that "GMOs" are all dubious, even inherently dangerous. However, theoretical justifications of this alleged problematic nature which is supposed to be necessarily linked to the "splicing" of DNA, only when applied to agricultural products, are missing: the only text which tries to go in depth on the subject, an article by biologist Barry Commoner, takes aim at the wrong target, misunderstanding the Central Dogma. "GMO" is a term that has no clear reference, let alone in a detrimental sense. The only attempt to give it epistemological dignity fails.
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45
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Sánchez MA, Parrott WA. Characterization of scientific studies usually cited as evidence of adverse effects of GM food/feed. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1227-1234. [PMID: 28710840 PMCID: PMC5595713 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
GM crops are the most studied crops in history. Approximately 5% of the safety studies on them show adverse effects that are a cause for concern and tend to be featured in media reports. Although these reports are based on just a handful of GM events, they are used to cast doubt on all GM crops. Furthermore, they tend to come from just a few laboratories and are published in less important journals. Importantly, a close examination of these reports invariably shows methodological flaws that invalidate any conclusions of adverse effects. Twenty years after commercial cultivation of GM crops began, a bona fide report of an adverse health effect due to a commercialized modification in a crop has yet to be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne A. Parrott
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
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van der Voet H, Goedhart PW, Schmidt K. Equivalence testing using existing reference data: An example with genetically modified and conventional crops in animal feeding studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:472-485. [PMID: 28958869 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An equivalence testing method is described to assess the safety of regulated products using relevant data obtained in historical studies with assumedly safe reference products. The method is illustrated using data from a series of animal feeding studies with genetically modified and reference maize varieties. Several criteria for quantifying equivalence are discussed, and study-corrected distribution-wise equivalence is selected as being appropriate for the example case study. An equivalence test is proposed based on a high probability of declaring equivalence in a simplified situation, where there is no between-group variation, where the historical and current studies have the same residual variance, and where the current study is assumed to have a sample size as set by a regulator. The method makes use of generalized fiducial inference methods to integrate uncertainties from both the historical and the current data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilko van der Voet
- Wageningen University & Research, Biometris, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul W Goedhart
- Wageningen University & Research, Biometris, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kerstin Schmidt
- BioMath GmbH, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 8, 18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany.
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47
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Ozuna CV, Barro F. Safety evaluation of transgenic low-gliadin wheat in Sprague Dawley rats: An alternative to the gluten free diet with no subchronic adverse effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yang J, Primo C, Elbaz-Younes I, Hirschi KD. Bioavailability of transgenic microRNAs in genetically modified plants. GENES & NUTRITION 2017; 12:17. [PMID: 29507644 PMCID: PMC5831112 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic expression of small RNAs is a prevalent approach in agrobiotechnology for the global enhancement of plant foods. Meanwhile, emerging studies have, on the one hand, emphasized the potential of transgenic microRNAs (miRNAs) as novel dietary therapeutics and, on the other, suggested potential food safety issues if harmful miRNAs are absorbed and bioactive. For these reasons, it is necessary to evaluate the bioavailability of transgenic miRNAs in genetically modified crops. RESULTS As a pilot study, two transgenic Arabidopsis lines ectopically expressing unique miRNAs were compared and contrasted with the plant bioavailable small RNA MIR2911 for digestive stability and serum bioavailability. The expression levels of these transgenic miRNAs in Arabidopsis were found to be comparable to that of MIR2911 in fresh tissues. Assays of digestive stability in vitro and in vivo suggested the transgenic miRNAs and MIR2911 had comparable resistance to degradation. Healthy mice consuming diets rich in Arabidopsis lines expressing these miRNAs displayed MIR2911 in the bloodstream but no detectable levels of the transgenic miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results imply digestive stability and high expression levels of miRNAs in plants do not readily equate to bioavailability. This initial work suggests novel engineering strategies be employed to enhance miRNA bioavailability when attempting to use transgenic foods as a delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Cecilia Primo
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ismail Elbaz-Younes
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845 USA
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Tang W, Hazebroek J, Zhong C, Harp T, Vlahakis C, Baumhover B, Asiago V. Effect of Genetics, Environment, and Phenotype on the Metabolome of Maize Hybrids Using GC/MS and LC/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5215-5225. [PMID: 28574696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the variability of metabolites in various maize hybrids due to the effect of environment, genotype, phenotype as well as the interaction of the first two factors. We analyzed 480 forage and the same number of grain samples from 21 genetically diverse non-GM Pioneer brand maize hybrids, including some with drought tolerance and viral resistance phenotypes, grown at eight North American locations. As complementary platforms, both GC/MS and LC/MS were utilized to detect a wide diversity of metabolites. GC/MS revealed 166 and 137 metabolites in forage and grain samples, respectively, while LC/MS captured 1341 and 635 metabolites in forage and grain samples, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to investigate the response of the maize metabolome to the environment, genotype, phenotype, and their interaction. Based on combined percentages from GC/MS and LC/MS datasets, the environment affected 36% to 84% of forage metabolites, while less than 7% were affected by genotype. The environment affected 12% to 90% of grain metabolites, whereas less than 27% were affected by genotype. Less than 10% and 11% of the metabolites were affected by phenotype in forage and grain, respectively. Unsupervised PCA and HCA analyses revealed similar trends, i.e., environmental effect was much stronger than genotype or phenotype effects. On the basis of comparisons of disease tolerant and disease susceptible hybrids, neither forage nor grain samples originating from different locations showed obvious phenotype effects. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of GC/MS and LC/MS based metabolite profiling followed by broad statistical analysis is an effective approach to identify the relative impact of environmental, genetic and phenotypic effects on the forage and grain composition of maize hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Tang
- Corporate Center for Analytical Sciences, DuPont Experimental Station , 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Jan Hazebroek
- Analytical & Genomics Technologies, DuPont Pioneer , 8325 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, Iowa 50131-7062, United States
| | - Cathy Zhong
- Global Regulatory Science, DuPont Experimental Station , 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803-0400, United States
| | - Teresa Harp
- Analytical & Genomics Technologies, DuPont Pioneer , 8325 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, Iowa 50131-7062, United States
| | - Chris Vlahakis
- Analytical & Genomics Technologies, DuPont Pioneer , 8325 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, Iowa 50131-7062, United States
| | - Brian Baumhover
- Global Regulatory Science, DuPont Pioneer , 8325 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, Iowa 50131-7060, United States
| | - Vincent Asiago
- Analytical & Genomics Technologies, DuPont Pioneer , 8325 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, Iowa 50131-7062, United States
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Dong S, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhang X, Xie Y, Zhong J, Xu C, Liu X. Simultaneous production of monoclonal antibodies against Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1 toxins using a mixture immunization. Anal Biochem 2017; 531:60-66. [PMID: 28527908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The detections of Cry1 toxins are mainly dependent on immunoassays based on specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In the present study, a mixture immunization with seven Cry1 toxins was administered. The results showed that five mAbs with different characteristics, especially one mAb named 5-E8 which could recognize all the seven Cry1 toxins were obtained. Based on the 5-E8 mAb, a double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) which can specifically detect the seven Cry1 toxins without cross-reactivity to Cry2A and vip3 was developed with the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 6.37-11.35 ng mL-1 and 17.36-24.48 ng mL-1, respectively. The recovery tests showed that the recoveries ranged from 78% to 110% within the quantitation range (LOQ-100 ng mL-1). The established DAS-ELISA can be a useful tool for monitoring the Cry1 toxins in agricultural products. Mixture immunization opens a new path for producing diverse mAbs simultaneously in a single immunization circle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yajing Xie
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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