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Ballardin D, Makrini-Maleville L, Seper A, Valjent E, Rebholz H. 5-HT4R agonism reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia via striatopallidal neurons in unilaterally 6-OHDA lesioned mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106559. [PMID: 38852753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is caused by a selective vulnerability and cell loss of dopaminergic neurons of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta and, consequently, striatal dopamine depletion. In Parkinson's disease therapy, dopamine loss is counteracted by the administration of L-DOPA, which is initially effective in ameliorating motor symptoms, but over time leads to a burdening side effect of uncontrollable jerky movements, termed L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. To date, no efficient treatment for dyskinesia exists. The dopaminergic and serotonergic systems are intrinsically linked, and in recent years, a role has been established for pre-synaptic 5-HT1a/b receptors in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. We hypothesized that post-synaptic serotonin receptors may have a role and investigated the effect of modulation of 5-HT4 receptor on motor symptoms and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the unilateral 6-OHDA mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Administration of RS 67333, a 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist, reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia without altering L-DOPA's pro-kinetic effect. In the dorsolateral striatum, we find 5-HT4 receptor to be predominantly expressed in D2R-containing medium spiny neurons, and its expression is altered by dopamine depletion and L-DOPA treatment. We further show that 5-HT4 receptor agonism not only reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, but also enhances the activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that agonism of the post-synaptic serotonin receptor 5-HT4 may be a novel therapeutic approach to reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Ballardin
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Laboratory of Signaling mechanisms in neurological disorders, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Alexander Seper
- Center of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Heike Rebholz
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Laboratory of Signaling mechanisms in neurological disorders, 75014 Paris, France; Center of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France.
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Prasad K, de Vries EFJ, van der Meiden E, Moraga-Amaro R, Vazquez-Matias DA, Barazzuol L, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Effects of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist KW6002 on the dopaminergic system, motor performance, and neuroinflammation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2024; 247:109862. [PMID: 38325770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A-receptors (A2AR) and dopamine D2-receptors (D2R) are known to work together in a synergistic manner. Inhibiting A2ARs by genetic or pharmacological means can relief symptoms and have neuroprotective effects in certain conditions. We applied PET imaging to evaluate the impact of the A2AR antagonist KW6002 on D2R availability and neuroinflammation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Male Wistar rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced damage to the right striatum were given 3 mg/kg of KW6002 daily for 20 days. Motor function was assessed using the rotarod and cylinder tests, and neuroinflammation and dopamine receptor availability were measured using PET scans with the tracers [11C]PBR28 and [11C]raclopride, respectively. On day 7 and 22 following 6-OHDA injection, rats were sacrificed for postmortem analysis. PET scans revealed a peak in neuroinflammation on day 7. Chronic treatment with KW6002 significantly reduced [11C]PBR28 uptake in the ipsilateral striatum [normalized to contralateral striatum] and [11C]raclopride binding in both striata when compared to the vehicle group. These imaging findings were accompanied by an improvement in motor function. Postmortem analysis showed an 84% decrease in the number of Iba-1+ cells in the ipsilateral striatum [normalized to contralateral striatum] of KW6002-treated rats compared to vehicle rats on day 22 (p = 0.007), corroborating the PET findings. Analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase levels showed less dopaminergic neuron loss in the ipsilateral striatum of KW6002-treated rats compared to controls on day 7. These findings suggest that KW6002 reduces inflammation and dopaminergic neuron loss, leading to less motor symptoms in this animal model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Esther van der Meiden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Moraga-Amaro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Aaron Vazquez-Matias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Conti Mazza MM, Centner A, Werner DF, Bishop C. Striatal serotonin transporter gain-of-function in L-DOPA-treated, hemi-parkinsonian rats. Brain Res 2023; 1811:148381. [PMID: 37127174 PMCID: PMC10562932 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
L-DOPA is the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but chronic treatment typically leads to L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID involves a complex interaction between the remaining dopamine (DA) system and the semi-homologous serotonin (5-HT) system. Since serotonin transporters (SERT) have some affinity for DA uptake, they may serve as a functional compensatory mechanism when DA transporters (DAT) are scant. DAT and SERT's functional contributions in the dyskinetic brain have not been well delineated. The current investigation sought to determine how DA depletion and L-DOPA treatment affect DAT and SERT transcriptional processes, translational processes, and functional DA uptake in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned hemi-parkinsonian rat. Rats were counterbalanced for motor impairment into equally lesioned treatment groups then given daily L-DOPA (0 or 6 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. At the end of treatment, the substantia nigra was processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DAT gene expression and dorsal raphe was processed for SERT gene expression. The striatum was processed for synaptosomal DAT and SERT protein expression and ex vivo DA uptake. Nigrostriatal DA loss severely reduced DAT mRNA and protein expression in the striatum with minimal changes in SERT. L-DOPA treatment, while not significantly affecting DAT or SERT alone, did increase striatal SERT:DAT protein ratios. Using ex vivo microdialysis, L-DOPA treatment increased DA uptake via SERT when DAT was depleted. Overall, these results suggest that DA loss and L-DOPA treatment uniquely alter DAT and SERT, revealing implications for monoamine transporters as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the hemi-parkinsonian model and dyskinetic PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Conti Mazza
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Ashley Centner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - David F Werner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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Jenner P, Kanda T, Mori A. How and why the adenosine A 2A receptor became a target for Parkinson's disease therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:73-104. [PMID: 37741697 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic therapy for Parkinson's disease has revolutionised the treatment of the motor symptoms of the illness. However, it does not alleviate all components of the motor deficits and has only limited effects on non-motor symptoms. For this reason, alternative non-dopaminergic approaches to treatment have been sought and the adenosine A2A receptor provided a novel target for symptomatic therapy both within the basal ganglia and elsewhere in the brain. Despite an impressive preclinical profile that would indicate a clear role for adenosine A2A antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the road to clinical use has been long and full of difficulties. Some aspects of the drugs preclinical profile have not translated into clinical effectiveness and not all the clinical studies undertaken have had a positive outcome. The reasons for this will be explored and suggestions made for the further development of this drug class in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, one adenosine A2A antagonist, namely istradefylline has been introduced successfully for the treatment of late-stage Parkinson's disease in two major areas of the world and has become a commercial success through offering the first non-dopaminergic approach to the treatment of unmet need to be introduced in several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomoyuki Kanda
- Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Tekam CKS, Majumdar S, Kumari P, Prajapati SK, Sahi AK, Shinde S, Singh R, Samaiya PK, Patnaik R, Krishnamurthy S, Mahto SK. Effects of ELF-PEMF exposure on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor co-ordination and locomotor activity of adult wistar rats and viability of C6 (Glial) cells in culture. Toxicology 2023; 485:153409. [PMID: 36572170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ELF-PEMF exposure on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination, and locomotor activity have been discussed in various pre-clinical and clinical settings. Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the potential effects of ELF-PEMF when exposed > ∼1 h/day; however, very few studies have focused on understanding the influence of ELF-PEMF exposure of 1-3 mT with an exposure duration of < 1 h/day on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination, and locomotor activity. Hence, we attempted to study the effects of ELF-PEMF exposure of 1-3 mT, 50 Hz with an exposure duration of 20 min each with a 4 h gap (2 times) on the cellular proliferation and morphologies of C6 (Glial) cells and spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination and locomotor activity of Wistar rats under in vitro and in vivo conditions, respectively. The results showed that ELF-PEMF exposure did not induce any significant levels of cellular fragmentation and changes in the morphology of glial cells. Also, the outcomes revealed no noticeable effects on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination, and locomotor activity in PEMF-exposed groups compared with the control. No undesirable side effects were observed at the highest dose (B=3 mT). We also performed histological analysis of the selected brain sections (hippocampus and cortex) following ELF-PEMF exposure. Incidentally, no significant changes were observed in cortical cell counts, tissue structure, and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kant Singh Tekam
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Shreyasi Majumdar
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India; Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar Sahi
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Saksha Shinde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shri Govindram Seksariya Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Puneet Kumar Samaiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Govindram Seksariya Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, India
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India; Electrophysiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India.
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Tridax procumbens Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats via Modulating Angiogenic, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1795405. [PMID: 36091594 PMCID: PMC9451972 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1795405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tridax procumbens (TP) is a traditional Indian therapeutic plant and was evaluated for its blood glucose lowering abilities, as well as for its ability to curb diabetic neuropathy (DN). Administrating 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally for four weeks, DN was induced in Wistar rats. After the rats' tails were clipped, the blood glucose levels were measured. Body weight and urine volume were also assessed. Oxidative stress makers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT), inflammatory cytokines for instance tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β were estimated. Further, protein kinase C (PKC-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also estimated as angiogenic markers. Behavioral parameters were also evaluated by using cold allodynia using acetone test, hot allodynia using Eddy's hot plate, grip strength test using Rota rod, and hyperalgesia test using Tail flick technique. The statistical assessment of findings was done employing one-way (ANOVA) analysis of variance, and subsequently Turkey as post hoc with GraphPad Prism software package. The ingestion of TP for 1 month in DN rats stemmed in a substantial decline in blood glucose concentrations matched to nontreated rats with DN. There had been a considerable improvement in DN as evident from the finding from biochemical markers. The serum level of antioxidant defense enzymes was significantly increased, while the activities of TBARS had been substantially reduced in the TP treated rats with DN. TP averted DN-triggered surge levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum. Further, PKC-β and VEGF concentrations had been also reduced by the treatment TP. The findings of this research demonstrated that the restorative impact of TP on DN rats might be linked to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative antiangiogenic retorts.
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Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:475-493. [PMID: 35767208 PMCID: PMC9325846 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers’ count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA’s beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
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Abdelkader NF, Elbaset MA, Moustafa PE, Ibrahim SM. Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2022. [PMID: 35767208 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers' count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA's beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Angela Cenci M, Skovgård K, Odin P. Non-dopaminergic approaches to the treatment of motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kamel AS, Mohamed AF, Rabie MA, Elsherbiny ME, Ahmed KA, Khattab MM, Abdelkader NF. Experimental Evidence for Diiodohydroxyquinoline-Induced Neurotoxicity: Characterization of Age and Gender as Predisposing Factors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020251. [PMID: 35215363 PMCID: PMC8879898 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Though quinoline anti-infective agents-associated neurotoxicity has been reported in the early 1970s, it only recently received regulatory recognition. In 2019, the European Medicines Agency enforced strict use for quinoline antibiotics. Thus, the current study evaluates the relation between subacute exposure to diiodohydroxyquinoline (DHQ), a commonly misused amebicide, with the development of motor and sensory abnormalities, highlighting age and gender as possible predisposing factors. Eighty rats were randomly assigned to eight groups according to their gender, age, and drug exposure; namely, four control groups received saline (adult male, adult female, young male, and young female), and the other four groups received DHQ. Young and adult rats received DHQ in doses of 176.7 and 247.4 mg/kg/day, respectively. After 4 weeks, rats were tested for sensory abnormality using analgesiometer, hot plate, and hind paw cold allodynia tests, and for motor function using open field and rotarod tests. Herein, the complex behavioral data were analyzed by principal component analysis to reduce the high number of variables to a lower number of representative factors that extracted components related to sensory, motor, and anxiety-like behavior. Behavioral outcomes were reflected in a histopathological examination of the cerebral cortex, striatum, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve, which revealed degenerative changes as well demyelination. Noteworthy, young female rats were more susceptible to DHQ’s toxicity than their counterparts. Taken together, these findings confirm previous safety concerns regarding quinoline-associated neurotoxicity and provide an impetus to review risk/benefit balance for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Ahmed F. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Mostafa A. Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Marwa E. Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Noha F. Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Scarduzio M, Hess EJ, Standaert DG, Eskow Jaunarajs KL. Striatal synaptic dysfunction in dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Abdelkader NF, Ibrahim SM, Moustafa PE, Elbaset MA. Inosine mitigated diabetic peripheral neuropathy via modulating GLO1/AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB/Nrf2 and TGF-β/PKC/TRPV1 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112395. [PMID: 34775239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine is a dietary supplement that is widely used for managing numerous central neurological disorders. Interestingly, recent experimental investigation of inosine revealed its potential to promote peripheral neuroprotection after sciatic nerve injury. Such investigation has guided the focus of the current study to expose the potential of inosine in mitigating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in rats and to study the possible underlying signaling pathways. Adult male Wistar rats were arbitrarily distributed into four groups. In the first group, animals received saline daily for 15 days whereas rats of the remaining groups received a single injection of both nicotinamide (50 mg/Kg/i.p.) and streptozotocin (52.5 mg/Kg/i.p.) for DPN induction. Afterward, inosine (10 mg/Kg/p.o.) was administered to two groups, either alone or in combination with caffeine (3.75 mg/Kg/p.o.), an adenosine receptor antagonist. As a result, inosine showed a hypoglycemic effect, restored the sciatic nerve histological structure, enhanced myelination, modulated conduction velocities and maintained behavioral responses. Furthermore, inosine increased GLO1, reduced AGE/RAGE axis and oxidative stress which in turn, downregulated NF-κB p65 and its phosphorylated form in the sciatic nerves. Inosine enhanced Nrf2 expression and its downstream molecule HO-1, resulting in increased CAT and SOD along with lowered MDA. Moreover, pain was relieved due to suppression of PKC and TRPV1 expression, which ultimately lead to reduced SP and TGF-β. The potential effects of inosine were nearly blocked by caffeine administration; this emphasizes the role of adenosine receptors in inosine-mediated neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, inosine alleviated hyperglycemia-induced DPN via modulating GLO1/AGE/RAGE/NF-κB p65/Nrf2 and TGF-β/PKC/TRPV1/SP pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- National Research center, Medical Division, Department of Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- National Research center, Medical Division, Department of Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Ariyannur PS, Xing G, Barry ES, Benford B, Grunberg NE, Sharma P. Effects of Pyruvate Administration on Mitochondrial Enzymes, Neurological Behaviors, and Neurodegeneration after Traumatic Brain Injury. Aging Dis 2021; 12:983-999. [PMID: 34221543 PMCID: PMC8219499 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to increase the susceptibility to various age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although the role of damaged mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in the progression of AD and PD has been identified, its relationship with altered expression of neurodegenerative proteins has not been examined before. This study aimed to investigate 1) how TBI could affect mitochondrial ETC and neurodegeneration in rat brain regions related to behavioral alteration, and 2) if administration of the key mitochondrial substrate pyruvate can improve the outcome of mild TBI (mTBI). In a rat lateral fluid percussion injury model of mTBI, sodium pyruvate in sterile distilled water (1 g/kg body weight) was administered orally daily for 7 days. The protein expression of mitochondrial ETC enzymes, and neurodegeneration proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and was assessed on Day 7. The hippocampal and cortical expressions of ETC complex I, III, IV, V were significantly and variably impaired following mTBI. Pyruvate treatment altered ETC complex expression, reduced the nitrosyl stress and the MBP expression in the injured brain area, but increased the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Tau proteins. Pyruvate after mTBI augmented the Rotarod performance but decreased the horizontal and vertical open field locomotion activities and worsened neurobehavioural severity score, indicating a debilitating therapeutic effect on the acute phase of mTBI. These results suggest bidirectional neuroprotective and neurodegenerative modulating effects of pyruvate on TBI-induced alteration in mitochondrial activity and motor behavior. Pyruvate could potentially stimulate the proliferation of astrogliosis, and lactate acidosis, and caution should be exercised when used as a therapy in the acute phase of mTBI. More effective interventions targeted at multiple mechanisms are needed for the prevention and treatment of TBI-induced long-term neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth S Ariyannur
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,3Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Guoqiang Xing
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,2Imaging Institute of Rehabilitation and Development of Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Erin S Barry
- 4Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Brandi Benford
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Neil E Grunberg
- 4Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Pushpa Sharma
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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14
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Hegazy R, Mansour D, Salama A, Hassan A, Saleh D. Exposure to intranasal chromium triggers dose and time-dependent behavioral and neurotoxicological defects in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112220. [PMID: 33845363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive recorded environmental and occupational dispersal of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) dust contributes to an increased interest in its toxicological consequences. A previous study of our team described a brain injury induced by acute intranasal instillation of Cr(VI) in rats, which was characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. This proposed a high risk of brain damage among Cr(VI) exposed individuals either environmentally or occupationally especially through the nasal cavity. Accordingly, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subacute/subsubacute/subchronic exposure to intranasal potassium dichromate (inPDC) solution in three dose levels (0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/kg/day for five successive days/week) for 3 different intervals/dose: two weeks, one month, and two months, on the brain of rats. The rats were sacrificed 24 h following the last inPDC dose. The locomotor activity, motor coordination, and object recognition behavior of the rats have been measured. Evaluation of oxidative stress; evidenced by lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, and inflammatory markers; evidenced by interleukin 1-beta in the brain tissues, as well as the brain PI3K and PKB contents were performed. Furthermore, the brain anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); marker of neurotoxicity was assessed immunohistochemically. Brain histopathological alterations were also studied. The findings of the current study revealed a dose- and time-dependent inPDC-induced brain toxicity in rats, as displayed by the biochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation. Behaviorally, the major toxic effects of inPDC were observed on the locomotor and cognition functions, however, minor effects were observed on the motor coordination. The results suggest that short-term exposure to intranasal Cr(VI), in theses doses, does not trigger a major brain injury in rats; however, observation of more toxic alterations in a time-dependent manner is a threat of more sever toxicity upon longer exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
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15
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Genetic variants in levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 84:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Jenner P, Mori A, Aradi SD, Hauser RA. Istradefylline - a first generation adenosine A 2A antagonist for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:317-333. [PMID: 33507105 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1880896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It is now accepted that Parkinson's disease (PD) is not simply due to dopaminergic dysfunction, and there is interest in developing non-dopaminergic approaches to disease management. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists represent a new way forward in the symptomatic treatment of PD.Areas covered In this narrative review, we summarize the literature supporting the utility of adenosine A2A antagonists in PD with a specific focus on istradefylline, the most studied and only adenosine A2A antagonist currently in clinical use.Expert opinion: At this time, the use of istradefylline in the treatment of PD is limited to the management of motor fluctuations as supported by the results of randomized clinical trials and evaluation by Japanese and USA regulatory authorities. The relatively complicated clinical development of istradefylline was based on classically designed studies conducted in PD patients with motor fluctuations on an optimized regimen of levodopa plus adjunctive dopaminergic medications. In animal models, there is consensus that a more robust effect of istradefylline in improving motor function is produced when combined with low or threshold doses of levodopa rather than with high doses that produce maximal dopaminergic improvement. Exploration of istradefylline as a 'levodopa sparing' strategy in earlier PD would seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Akihisa Mori
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co Ltd, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen D Aradi
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert A Hauser
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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17
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Can adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists modify motor behavior and dyskinesia in experimental models of Parkinson's disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 80 Suppl 1:S21-S27. [PMID: 33349576 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) focuses on dopamine replacement therapies. While these treatments are initially highly effective, with long-term use and disease progression, the therapeutic response is often limited by the development of motor complications, dopaminergic side effects, and residual unresponsive motor and non-motor symptoms. An alternative or additive treatment approach may be to target non-dopaminergic receptors within the motor control pathways, which function to modulate basal ganglia output. Adenosine A2A receptors are one potential non-dopaminergic target as they are selectively localized to the basal ganglia and to the indirect output pathway known to modulate the striato-thalamo-cortical loops critical to the expression of the motor symptoms of PD. This paper reviews the preclinical evidence base for the ability of adenosine A2A receptor blockade to influence motor function and modulate dyskinesia expression. There is consensus that adenosine A2A receptor antagonists - administered either as a monotherapy or in combination with l-DOPA or dopamine agonists - improve motor function in both rodent and primate models of PD, and should be effective for treating the motor symptoms of PD in humans. Importantly, the improvements in motor function were seen in the absence of dyskinesia. The introduction of a non-dopaminergic approach to modifying basal ganglia function provides a useful addition to the range of available therapies for treating PD, and there is a rational basis for a drug that focuses on modifying basal ganglia output.
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18
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Stefani A, Cerroni R, Pierantozzi M, D’Angelo V, Grandi L, Spanetta M, Galati S. Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease patients and routine 6‐OHDA rodent models: Synergies and pitfalls. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2322-2343. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stefani
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Vincenza D’Angelo
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Laura Grandi
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
| | - Matteo Spanetta
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Università della Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland
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19
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Striatal overexpression of β-arrestin2 counteracts L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned Parkinson's disease rats. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Huang Y, Shu H, Li L, Zhen T, Zhao J, Zhou X, Luo W. L-DOPA-Induced Motor Impairment and Overexpression of Corticostriatal Synaptic Components Are Improved by the mGluR5 Antagonist MPEP in 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rats. ASN Neuro 2019; 10:1759091418811021. [PMID: 30439288 PMCID: PMC6238196 DOI: 10.1177/1759091418811021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) is still the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the long-term therapy often triggers L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) is abundant in the basal ganglia, and its inhibition is thought to modulate postsynaptic excitatory synaptic transmission and glutamate hyperactivity in PD and LID. In this report, we examined the effects of mGluR5-specific antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) on LID and synaptic components in the PD model rat. We found the selective mGluR5 antagonist MPEP attenuated abnormal involuntary movements, prolonged the duration of rotational response, reversed the decrease of left forepaw adjusting steps, and reduced overexpression of striatal mGluR5 in the LID rats. Moreover, our results showed much thicker postsynaptic densities, narrower synapse cleft, as well as the increased ratio of perforated synapses induced by L-DOPA treatment, while coadministration of L-DOPA and MPEP reversed these postsynaptic effects. Finally, MPEP reduced overexpression of the two postsynaptic proteins (PSD-95 and SAP102) induced by L-DOPA treatment. Hence, these results provide evidence that aberrant neural plasticity at corticostriatal synapses in the striatum is closely correlated with the occurrence of LID, and targeted inhibition of mGluR5 by MPEP alleviates LID in the PD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Huang
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Shu
- 2 Department of Neurology, Taikang People's Hospital of Henan Province, Taikang, China
| | - Li Li
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tili Zhen
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junyan Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- 4 Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,3 Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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22
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Receptor Ligands as Helping Hands to L-DOPA in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040142. [PMID: 30970612 PMCID: PMC6523988 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (LD) is the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, although it represents the “gold standard” of PD therapy, LD can cause side effects, including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms as well as transient elevated liver enzyme levels. Moreover, LD therapy leads to LD-induced dyskinesia (LID), a disabling motor complication that represents a major challenge for the clinical neurologist. Due to the many limitations associated with LD therapeutic use, other dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic drugs are being developed to optimize the treatment response. This review focuses on recent investigations about non-dopaminergic central nervous system (CNS) receptor ligands that have been identified to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. In a different way, such agents may contribute to extending LD response and/or ameliorate LD-induced side effects.
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23
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The effects of zonisamide on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease model mice. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:171-180. [PMID: 30639196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and shows motor dysfunctions. Zonisamide (ZNS, 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide), which was originally developed as an antiepileptic drug, was also found to have beneficial effects on motor symptoms in PD. In the current study, we have investigated the behavioral and physiological effects of ZNS on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD model mice. Chronic administration of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD model mice was shown to increase the duration and severity of LID compared with PD model mice that were treated with L-DOPA alone. To elucidate the neural mechanism of the effects of ZNS on LID, we examined neuronal activity in the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, i.e., the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Chronic administration of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD mice decreased the firing rate in the SNr while they showed apparent LID. In addition, chronic treatment of L-DOPA plus ZNS in PD mice changed cortically evoked responses in the SNr during LID. In the control state, motor cortical stimulation induces the triphasic response composed of early excitation, inhibition, and late excitation. In contrast, L-DOPA plus ZNS-treated PD mice showed longer inhibition and reduced late excitation. Previous studies proposed that inhibition in the SNr is derived from the direct pathway and releases movements, and that late excitation is derived from the indirect pathway and stops movements. These changes of the direct and indirect pathways possibly underlie the effects of ZNS on LID.
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24
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Rodriguez-Perez AI, Sucunza D, Pedrosa MA, Garrido-Gil P, Kulisevsky J, Lanciego JL, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Antagonists Protect Against Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neuron Death. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:1063-1081. [PMID: 29987762 PMCID: PMC6277291 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons and α-synuclein accumulation are major hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), and it has been suggested that a major mechanism of α-synuclein toxicity is microglial activation. The lack of animal models that properly reproduce PD, and particularly the underlying synucleinopathy, has hampered the clarification of PD mechanisms and the development of effective therapies. Here, we used neurospecific adeno-associated viral vectors serotype 9 coding for either the wild-type or mutated forms of human alpha-synuclein (WT and SynA53T, respectively) under the control of a synapsin promoter to further induce a marked dopaminergic neuron loss together with an important microglial neuroinflammatory response. Overexpression of neuronal alpha-synuclein led to increased expression of angiotensin type 1 receptors and NADPH oxidase activity, together with a marked increase in the number of OX-6-positive microglial cells and expression of markers of phagocytic activity (CD68) and classical pro-inflammatory/M1 microglial phenotype markers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and IL-6. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression of markers of immunoregulatory/M2 microglial phenotype such as the enzyme arginase-1 was constantly observed. Interestingly, alpha-synuclein-induced changes in microglial phenotype markers and dopaminergic neuron death were inhibited by simultaneous treatment with the angiotensin type 1 blockers candesartan or telmisartan. Our results suggest the repurposing of candesartan and telmisartan as a neuroprotective strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Diego Sucunza
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Neurosciences Division, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Maria A Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Neurosciences Division, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, 28031, Spain.
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25
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Moustafa PE, Abdelkader NF, El Awdan SA, El-Shabrawy OA, Zaki HF. Liraglutide ameliorated peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats: Involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. J Neurochem 2018; 146:173-185. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha F. Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | | | | | - Hala F. Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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26
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Conti MM, Chambers N, Bishop C. A new outlook on cholinergic interneurons in Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:67-82. [PMID: 29782883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) striatal systems were considered antagonistic and imbalances or aberrant signaling between these neurotransmitter systems could be detrimental to basal ganglia activity and pursuant motor function, such as in Parkinson's disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Herein, we discuss the involvement of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) in striatally-mediated movement in a healthy, parkinsonian, and dyskinetic state. ChIs integrate numerous neurotransmitter signals using intrinsic glutamate, serotonin, and DA receptors and convey the appropriate transmission onto nearby muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors to produce movement. In PD, severe DA depletion causes abnormal rises in ChI activity which promote striatal signaling to attenuate normal movement. When treating PD with L-DOPA, hyperkinetic side effects, or LID, develop due to increased striatal DA; however, the role of ChIs and ACh transmission, until recently has been unclear. Fortunately, new technology and pharmacological agents have facilitated understanding of ChI function and ACh signaling in the context of LID, thus offering new opportunities to modify existing and discover future therapeutic strategies in movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Nicole Chambers
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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27
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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Modulation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Sulforaphane in Experimental Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Inflammation 2018; 41:1460-1476. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Cenci MA, Crossman AR. Animal models of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:889-899. [PMID: 29488257 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological mechanisms of l-dopa-induced motor complications is dependent on our ability to investigate these phenomena in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The most common motor complications consist in wearing-off fluctuations and abnormal involuntary movements appearing when plasma levels of l-dopa are high, commonly referred to as peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. Parkinsonian models exhibiting these features have been well-characterized in both rodent and nonhuman primate species. The first animal models of peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia were produced in monkeys lesioned with N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and treated chronically with l-dopa to elicit choreic movements and dystonic postures. Seminal studies were performed in these models using both metabolic mapping and electrophysiological techniques, providing fundamental pathophysiological insights that have stood the test of time. A decade later, it was shown possible to reproduce peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in rats and mice rendered parkinsonian with nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. When treated with l-dopa, these animals exhibit abnormal involuntary movements having both hyperkinetic and dystonic components. These models have enabled molecular- and cellular-level investigations into the mechanisms of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. A flourishing literature using genetically engineered mice is now unraveling the role of specific genes and neural circuits in the development of l-dopa-induced motor complications. Both non-human primate and rodent models of peak-dose l-dopa-induced dyskinesia have excellent construct validity and provide valuable tools for discovering therapeutic targets and evaluating potential treatments. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Role of adenosine A 2A receptors in motor control: relevance to Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1273-1286. [PMID: 29396609 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that regulates several physiological functions, at the central and peripheral levels. Besides, adenosine has emerged as a major player in the regulation of motor behavior. In fact, adenosine receptors of the A2A subtype are highly enriched in the caudate-putamen, which is richly innervated by dopamine. Moreover, several studies in experimental animals have consistently demonstrated that the pharmacological antagonism of A2A receptors has a facilitatory influence on motor behavior. Taken together, these findings have envisaged A2A receptors as a promising target for symptomatic therapies aimed at ameliorating motor deficits. Accordingly, A2A receptor antagonists have been extensively studied as new agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the epitome of motor disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects that adenosine A2A receptor antagonists elicit in rodent and primate experimental models of PD, with regard to the counteraction of motor deficits as well as to manifestation of dyskinesia and motor fluctuations. Moreover, we briefly present the results of clinical trials of A2A receptor antagonists in PD patients experiencing motor fluctuations, with particular regard to dyskinesia. Finally, we discuss the interaction between A2A receptor antagonists and serotonin receptor agonists, since combined administration of these drugs has recently emerged as a new potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of dyskinesia.
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Wang WW, Zhang MM, Zhang XR, Zhang ZR, Chen J, Feng L, Xie CL. A Meta-Analysis of Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists on Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia In Vivo. Front Neurol 2017; 8:702. [PMID: 29375464 PMCID: PMC5770694 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term use of levodopa (l-dopa) is inevitably complicated with highly disabling fluctuations and drug-induced dyskinesias, which pose major challenges to the existing drug therapy of Parkinson's disease. Methods In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of A2A receptor antagonists on reducing l-dopa-induced dyskinesias (LID). Results Nine studies with a total of 152 animals were included in this meta-analysis. Total abnormal involuntary movements (AIM) score, locomotor activity, and motor disability were reported as outcome measures in 5, 5, and 3 studies, respectively. Combined standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. We pooled the whole data and found that, when compared to l-dopa alone, A2A receptor antagonists plus l-dopa treatment showed no effect on locomotor activity (SMD -0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.52 to 2.52, p = 1.0), superiority in improvement of motor disability (SMD -5.06, 95% CI: -9.25 to -0.87, p = 0.02) and more effective in control of AIM (SMD -1.82, 95% CI: -3.38 to -0.25, p = 0.02). Conclusion To sum up, these results demonstrated that A2A receptor antagonists appear to have efficacy in animal models of LID. However, large randomized clinical trials testing the effects of A2A receptor antagonists in LID patients are always warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Wang
- The Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Long Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Taherian R, Arabahmadi M, Taherian M. Investigation of the Effect of Cycloserine on Motor Function in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s disease. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/nirp.cjns.3.11.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Mukai M, Uchimura T, Zhang X, Greene D, Vergeire M, Cantillon M. Effects of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Istradefylline in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 58:193-201. [PMID: 28881378 PMCID: PMC5811788 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A inhibitor, is under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The effect of oral steady‐state rifampin 600 mg/day, a potent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inducer, on the disposition of a single oral dose of istradefylline 40 mg was determined in a crossover study in 20 healthy subjects by measuring plasma concentrations of istradefylline and its M1 and M8 metabolites and their derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on the geometric mean ratio of log‐transformed data, rifampin reduced istradefylline exposure: Cmax, 0.55 (90%CI, 0.49–0.62); AUClast, 0.21 (90%CI, 0.19–0.22); and AUCinf, 0.19 (90%CI, 0.18–0.20), indicating nonequivalence. These changes were primarily because of the effect of rifampin on the elimination parameters of istradefylline; mean CL/F was increased from 4.0 to 20.6 L/h, and mean t1/2 was reduced from 94.8 to 31.5 hours. The effect of rifampin coadministration on the disposition of the istradefylline M1 and M8 metabolites was inconsistent and variable. Furthermore, as exposure of the istradefylline M1 and M8 metabolites in plasma was generally <9% of total drug exposure, it would be expected to have a negligible impact on the pharmacodynamic effect of istradefylline. Caution should be exercised when istradefylline is administered concurrently with strong CYP3A4 inducers and dose adjustment considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Mukai
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Douglas Greene
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Marc Cantillon
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Prajapati SK, Garabadu D, Krishnamurthy S. Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Facilitates Pharmacological Activity of Atorvastatin in 6-OHDA Induced Dopaminergic Toxicity in Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 31:478-492. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ko WKD, Camus SM, Li Q, Yang J, McGuire S, Pioli EY, Bezard E. An evaluation of istradefylline treatment on Parkinsonian motor and cognitive deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated macaque models. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:48-58. [PMID: 27424102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Istradefylline (KW-6002), an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, is used adjunct with optimal doses of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) to extend on-time in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experiencing motor fluctuations. Clinical application of istradefylline for the management of other l-DOPA-induced complications, both motor and non-motor related (i.e. dyskinesia and cognitive impairments), remains to be determined. In this study, acute effects of istradefylline (60-100 mg/kg) alone, or with optimal and sub-optimal doses of l-DOPA, were evaluated in two monkey models of PD (i) the gold-standard 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated macaque model of parkinsonian and dyskinetic motor symptoms and (ii) the chronic low dose (CLD) MPTP-treated macaque model of cognitive (working memory and attentional) deficits. Behavioural analyses in l-DOPA-primed MPTP-treated macaques showed that istradefylline alone specifically alleviated postural deficits. When combined with an optimal l-DOPA treatment dose, istradefylline increased on-time, enhanced therapeutic effects on bradykinesia and locomotion, but exacerbated dyskinesia. Istradefylline treatment at specific doses with sub-optimal l-DOPA specifically alleviated bradykinesia. Cognitive assessments in CLD MPTP-treated macaques showed that the attentional and working memory deficits caused by l-DOPA were lowered after istradefylline administration. Taken together, these data support a broader clinical use of istradefylline as an adjunct treatment in PD, where specific treatment combinations can be utilised to manage various l-DOPA-induced complications, which importantly, maintain a desired anti-parkinsonian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kin D Ko
- Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Qin Li
- Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Elsa Y Pioli
- Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom; Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Iderberg H, McCreary A, Varney M, Kleven M, Koek W, Bardin L, Depoortère R, Cenci M, Newman-Tancredi A. NLX-112, a novel 5-HT 1A receptor agonist for the treatment of l -DOPA-induced dyskinesia: Behavioral and neurochemical profile in rat. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:335-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pourcher E, Huot P. Adenosine 2A Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2015; 2:331-340. [PMID: 30363540 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains an unmet challenge. Adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors are located along the indirect pathway and represent a potential target to enhance l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) antiparkinsonian action. Methods This article summarizes the preclinical and clinical literature on A2A antagonists in PD, with a specific focus on their effect on off time, on time, and dyskinesia. Findings Several A2A receptor antagonists have been tested in preclinical studies and clinical trials. In preclinical studies, A2A antagonists enhanced l-DOPA antiparkinsonian action without exacerbating dyskinesia, but A2A antagonists were generally administered in combination with a subthreshold dose of l-DOPA, which is different to the paradigms used in clinical trials, where A2A antagonists were usually added to an optimal antiparkinsonian regimen. In clinical settings, A2A antagonists generally reduced duration of off time, by as much as 25% in some studies. The effect of on time duration is less clear, and in a few studies an exacerbation of dyskinesia was reported. Two A2A antagonists have been tested in phase III settings: istradefylline and preladenant. Istradefylline was effective in two phase III trials, but ineffective in another; the drug has been commercially available in Japan since 2013. In contrast, preladenant was ineffective in a phase III trial and the drug was discontinued. A phase III study with tozadenant will begin in 2015; the drug was effective at reducing off time in a phase IIb study. Other A2A antagonists are in development at the preclinical and early clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Pourcher
- Clinique Sainte-Anne Mémoire et Mouvement Faculty of Medicine Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada.,Centre Thématique de Recherche en Neuroscience Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Philippe Huot
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada.,Division of Neurology Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
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Bastide MF, Meissner WG, Picconi B, Fasano S, Fernagut PO, Feyder M, Francardo V, Alcacer C, Ding Y, Brambilla R, Fisone G, Jon Stoessl A, Bourdenx M, Engeln M, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ko WKD, Simola N, Morelli M, Groc L, Rodriguez MC, Gurevich EV, Quik M, Morari M, Mellone M, Gardoni F, Tronci E, Guehl D, Tison F, Crossman AR, Kang UJ, Steece-Collier K, Fox S, Carta M, Angela Cenci M, Bézard E. Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Bastide
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alcacer
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Engeln
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvia Navailles
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria-Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Tison
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bézard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.
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Iderberg H, McCreary A, Varney M, Cenci M, Newman-Tancredi A. Activity of serotonin 5-HT1A receptor ‘biased agonists’ in rat models of Parkinson's disease and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neuropharmacology 2015; 93:52-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Iderberg H, Maslava N, Thompson AD, Bubser M, Niswender CM, Hopkins CR, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Cenci MA. Pharmacological stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4 in a rat model of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: Comparison between a positive allosteric modulator and an orthosteric agonist. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:121-9. [PMID: 25749357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) negatively modulates GABA and glutamate release in the 'indirect pathway' of the basal ganglia, and has thus been proposed as a potential target to treat motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Here, we present an extensive comparison of the behavioural effects produced by the mGlu4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), VU0364770, and the mGlu4 orthosteric agonist, LSP1-2111, in rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions. The compounds' activity was initially assessed in a test of haloperidol-induced catalepsy in intact rats, and effective doses were then evaluated in the hemiparkinsonian animal model. Neither of the two compounds modified the development of dyskinetic behaviours elicited by chronic treatment with full doses of l-DOPA. When given together with l-DOPA to rats with already established dyskinesias, neither VU0364770 nor LSP1-2111 modified the abnormal involuntary movement scores. VU0364770 potentiated, however, the motor stimulant effect of a subthreshold l-DOPA dose in certain behavioural tests, whereas LSP1-2111 lacked this ability. Taken together, these results indicate that a pharmacological stimulation of mGlu4 lacks intrinsic antidyskinetic activity, but may have DOPA-sparing activity in Parkinson's disease. For the latter indication, mGlu4 PAMs appear to provide a better option than orthosteric agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Iderberg
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Natallia Maslava
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Analisa D Thompson
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden.
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40
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Neurobiology of l-DOPA induced dyskinesia and the novel therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:283-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antagonism of the A2A receptor improves motor behavior in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), according to results of clinical studies which confirm findings of previous experimental research. The xanthine derivative, istradefylline , has the longest half-life out of the available A2A receptor antagonists. Istradefylline easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and shows a high affinity to the human A2A receptor. AREAS COVERED This narrative review aims to discuss the safety and tolerability of istradefylline against the background of the currently available drug portfolio for the treatment of PD patients. EXPERT OPINION Istradefylline was safe and well tolerated in clinical trials, which have focused on l-DOPA-treated PD patients. The future of istradefylline as a complementary drug for modulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission also relies on its potential to act like an l-DOPA plus dopamine agonist sparing future treatment alternative and to reduce the risk of predominant l-DOPA-related onset of motor complications in addition to its direct ameliorating effect on motor symptoms. Dopamine-substituting drugs may dose-dependently produce systemic side effects, particularly onset of hypotension and nausea by peripheral dopamine receptor stimulation. Istradefylline does not interfere with these peripheral receptors and therefore shows a good safety and tolerability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weißensee, Department of Neurology , Gartenstr. 1, 13088 Berlin , Germany +49 30 92790223 ; +49 30 92790703 ; ;
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L-745,870 reduces the expression of abnormal involuntary movements in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 26:101-8. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rodent Models of Treatment-Related Complications in Parkinson Disease. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Michel A, Downey P, Nicolas JM, Scheller D. Unprecedented therapeutic potential with a combination of A2A/NR2B receptor antagonists as observed in the 6-OHDA lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114086. [PMID: 25513815 PMCID: PMC4267740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, the long-term use of dopamine replacing agents is associated with the development of motor complications; therefore, there is a need for non-dopaminergic drugs. This study evaluated the potential therapeutic impact of six different NR2B and A2A receptor antagonists given either alone or in combination in unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rats without (monotherapy) or with (add-on therapy) the co-administration of L-Dopa: Sch-58261+ Merck 22; Sch-58261+Co-101244; Preladenant + Merck 22; Preladenant + Radiprodil; Tozadenant + Radiprodil; Istradefylline + Co-101244. Animals given monotherapy were assessed on distance traveled and rearing, whereas those given add-on therapy were assessed on contralateral rotations. Three-way mixed ANOVA were conducted to assess the main effect of each drug separately and to determine whether any interaction between two drugs was additive or synergistic. Additional post hoc analyses were conducted to compare the effect of the combination with the effect of the drugs alone. Motor activity improved significantly and was sustained for longer when the drugs were given in combination than when administered separately at the same dose. Similarly, when tested as add-on treatment to L-Dopa, the combinations resulted in higher levels of contralateral rotation in comparison to the single drugs. Of special interest, the activity observed with some combinations could not be described by a simplistic additive effect and involved more subtle synergistic pharmacological interactions. The combined administration of A2A/NR2B-receptor antagonists improved motor behaviour in 6-OHDA rats. Given the proven translatability of this model such a combination may be expected to be effective in improving motor symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Michel
- Neurosciences TA Biology, UCB BioPharma SPRL, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Patrick Downey
- Neurosciences TA Biology, UCB BioPharma SPRL, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Dieter Scheller
- Neurosciences TA Biology, UCB BioPharma SPRL, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
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Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in Parkinson's disease: progress in clinical trials from the newly approved istradefylline to drugs in early development and those already discontinued. CNS Drugs 2014; 28:455-74. [PMID: 24687255 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-014-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters other than dopamine, such as norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, glutamate, adenosine and acetylcholine, are involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and contribute to its symptomatology. Thus, the progress of non-dopaminergic therapies for PD has attracted much interest in recent years. Among new classes of drugs, adenosine A2A antagonists have emerged as promising candidates. The development of new highly selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, and their encouraging anti-parkinsonian responses in animal models of PD, has provided a rationale for clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic potential and the safety of these agents in patients with PD. To date, the clinical research regarding A2A antagonists and their potential utilization in PD therapy continues to evolve between drugs just or previously discontinued (preladenant and vipadenant), new derivatives in development (tozadenant, PBF-509, ST1535, ST4206 and V81444) and the relatively old drug istradefylline, which has finally been licensed as an anti-parkinsonian drug in Japan. All these compounds have been shown to have a good safety profile and be well tolerated. Moreover, results from phase II and III trials also demonstrate that A2A antagonists are effective in reducing off-time, without worsening troublesome dyskinesia, and in increasing on-time with a mild increase of non-troublesome dyskinesia, in patients at an advanced stage of PD treated with L-DOPA. In addition, early findings suggest that A2A antagonists might also be efficacious as monotherapy in patients at an early stage of PD. This review summarizes pharmacological and clinical data available on istradefylline, tozadenant, PBF-509, ST1535, ST4206, V81444, preladenant and vipadenant.
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Jenner P. An Overview of Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:71-86. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kanda T, Uchida SI. Clinical/Pharmacological Aspect of Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist for Dyskinesia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:127-50. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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A Critical Evaluation of Behavioral Rodent Models of Motor Impairment Used for Screening of Antiparkinsonian Activity: The Case of Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists. Neurotox Res 2013; 25:392-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kadowaki Horita T, Kobayashi M, Mori A, Jenner P, Kanda T. Effects of the adenosine A2A antagonist istradefylline on cognitive performance in rats with a 6-OHDA lesion in prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 230:345-52. [PMID: 23748382 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Altered cognitive function is a common feature of both the early and later stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) that involves alterations in cortical dopamine content. Adenosine A2A antagonists, such as istradefylline, improve motor function in PD, but their effect on cognitive impairment has not been determined. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether impairment of working memory due to the loss of dopaminergic input into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is reversed by administration of istradefylline. We also evaluated whether A2A antagonist administration modulates dopamine levels in the PFC. METHODS Bilateral lesions of the dopaminergic input to the PFC were produced in rats using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Cognitive performance was evaluated using an object recognition task and delayed alternation task. The effects of istradefylline, donepezil and methamphetamine on cognitive performance were examined. In addition, the effect of istradefylline on extracellular dopamine levels in the PFC was studied. RESULTS PFC dopamine levels and cognitive performance were significantly reduced by 6-OHDA lesioning. Istradefylline, donepezil and methamphetamine improved cognitive performance of PFC-lesioned rats. Istradefylline increased dopamine levels in the PFC in both normal and PFC-lesioned rats. CONCLUSIONS PFC dopaminergic input plays an important role in working memory performance. Blockade of A2A receptors using istradefylline reverses the changes in cognitive function, and this may be due to an increase in PFC dopamine content. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists not only improve motor performance in PD but may also lead to improved cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kadowaki Horita
- Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Research Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
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Iderberg H, Rylander D, Bimpisidis Z, Cenci MA. Modulating mGluR5 and 5-HT1A/1B receptors to treat l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: effects of combined treatment and possible mechanisms of action. Exp Neurol 2013; 250:116-24. [PMID: 24029003 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a major complication of the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease. Emerging approaches to the treatment of LID include negative modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) and positive modulation of serotonin receptors 5-HT1A/1B. We set out to compare the efficacy of these two approaches in alleviating the dyskinesias induced by either l-DOPA or a D1 receptor agonist. Rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions were treated chronically with either l-DOPA or the selective D1-class receptor agonist SKF38393 to induce abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). Rats with stable AIM scores received challenge doses of the mGluR5 antagonist, MTEP (2.5 and 5mg/kg), or the 5-HT1A/1B agonists 8-OH-DPAT/CP94253 (0.035/0.75 and 0.05/1.0mg/kg). Treatments were given either alone or in combination. In agreement with previous studies, 5mg/kg MTEP and 0.05/1.0mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT/CP94253 significantly reduced l-DOPA-induced AIM scores. The two treatments in combination achieved a significantly greater effect than each treatment alone. Moreover, a significant attenuation of l-DOPA-induced AIM scores was achieved when combining doses of MTEP (2.5mg/kg) and 8-OH-DPAT/CP94253 (0.035/0.75mg/kg) that did not have a significant effect if given alone. SKF38393-induced AIM scores were reduced by MTEP at both doses tested, but not by 8-OH-DPAT/CP94253. The differential efficacy of MTEP and 8-OH-DPAT/CP94253 in reducing l-DOPA- versus SKF38393-induced dyskinesia indicates that these treatments have different mechanisms of action. This contention is supported by the efficacy of subthreshold doses of these compounds in reducing l-DOPA-induced AIMs. Combining negative modulators of mGluR5 with positive modulators of 5-HT1A/1B receptors may therefore achieve greater than additive antidyskinetic effects and reduce the dose requirement for these drugs in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Iderberg
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC F11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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