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Fagnano E, Pendharkar S, Colton M, Jones PN, Sallan MC, Klymenko T, Braun A, Klein C, Honeychurch J, Cheadle EJ, Illidge TM. Stromal cell inhibition of anti-CD20 antibody mediated killing of B-cell malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1270398. [PMID: 38020903 PMCID: PMC10646167 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1270398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab has been licensed for treatment in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma and B-CLL following clinical trials demonstrating superior outcomes to standard of care treatment. However, ultimately many patients still relapse, highlighting the need to understand the mechanisms behind treatment failure to improve patient care. Resistance to chemotherapy is often caused by the ability of malignant B-cells to migrate to the bone marrow and home into the stromal layer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether stromal cells were also able to inhibit type II anti-CD20 antibody mechanisms of action, contributing to resistance to therapy. Methods: A stromal-tumor co-culture was established in vitro between Raji or Daudi B-cell tumor cells and M210B4 stromal cells in 24 well plates. Results: Contact with stromal cells was able to protect tumor cells from obinutuzumab mediated programmed cell death (PCD), antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Furthermore, such protection required direct contact between stroma and tumor cells. Stromal cells appeared to interfere with obinutuzumab mediated B-cell homotypic adhesion through inhibiting and reversing actin remodelling, potentially as a result of stromal-tumor cell contact leading to downregulation of CD20 on the surface of tumor cells. Further evidence for the potential role of CD20 downregulation comes through the reduction in surface CD20 expression and inhibition of obinutuzumab mediated PCD when tumor cells are treated with Ibrutinib in the presence of stromal cells. The proteomic analysis of tumor cells after contact with stromal cells led to the identification of a number of altered pathways including those involved in cell adhesion and the actin cytoskeleton and remodeling. Discussion: This work demonstrates that contact between tumor cells and stromal cells leads to inhibition of Obinutuzumab effector functions and has important implications for future therapies to improve outcomes to anti-CD20 antibodies. A deeper understanding of how anti-CD20 antibodies interact with stromal cells could prove a useful tool to define better strategies to target the micro-environment and ultimately improve patient outcomes in B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Fagnano
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Swati Pendharkar
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Madyson Colton
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N. Jones
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Crespi Sallan
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tetyana Klymenko
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrejs Braun
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurch, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jamie Honeychurch
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor J. Cheadle
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Illidge
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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2
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Sialomucin and phosphorylated-ERM are inhibitors for cadherin-mediated aggregate formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:159-165. [PMID: 31582216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is mediated by adhesion molecules, but also regulated by adhesion inhibitory molecules. Molecules such as leukocyte sialomucin and phosphorylated-Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) inhibit cell-substratum adhesion. Here we show that these adhesion inhibitory molecules also inhibit aggregate formation of adherent cells in suspension culture. Expression of sialomucin, CD43 or CD34, inhibited formation of packed aggregates in HEK293T cells. Deletion mutant analysis and enzymatic cleavage indicated the significance of the extracellular sialomucin domain for this inhibition. Meanwhile, phosphorylated-ERM were decreased coincidently with aggregate formation. Combined with the inhibition of aggregate formation by the expression of phospho-mimetic Moesin mutant (Moesin-T558D), phosphorylated-ERM are inhibitors for aggregate formation. Increase of phosphorylated-ERM by CD43 and sialomucin-dependence of Moesin-T558D's inhibition indicate that sialomucin and phosphorylated-ERM collaborate to inhibit aggregate formation. Because aggregate formation of HEK293T cells is mediated by N-cadherin, sialomucin and phosphorylated-ERM inhibit cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Thus, sialomucin and phosphorylated-ERM are inhibitors for both cell-cell adhesion and cell-substratum adhesion, and regulation of these inhibitory molecules is essential for cell adhesion.
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Fonseca ICCFE, da Luz FAC, Uehara IA, Silva MJB. Cell-adhesion molecules and their soluble forms: Promising predictors of "tumor progression" and relapse in leukemia. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318811525. [PMID: 30486756 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318811525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some surface markers are used to discriminate certain leukemic subpopulations that retain a greater oncogenic potential than others, and, for this reason, they were termed as leukemic stem cells, similar to the concept of cancer stem cells in carcinoma. Among these surface markers are proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion or cell-matrix adhesion, and they may play a role in the relapse of leukemia, similar to metastasis in carcinomas. The most important are epithelial cadherin, neural cadherin, epithelial cell-adhesion molecule, and CD44, which can be cleaved and released, and their soluble forms were found increased in serum levels of cancer patients, being implicated, in some cases, with progression, metastases, and relapse. In this review, we highlighted the role of these four adhesion molecules in carcinomas and hematological malignancies, mainly leukemia, and discuss if the serum levels of soluble forms can be correlated with the surface protein status on the leukemic cells. Accession of the soluble forms looks attractive, but their use as markers in cancer must be studied in association with other parameters, as there are significant changes in levels in other pathological conditions besides cancer. Studies correlating the levels of the forms with the status of the membrane-bound proteins in leukemic (stem) cells and correlating those parameters with relapse in leukemia may afford important knowledge and applicability of those serum markers in clinical practice. For instance, the expression of the membrane-bound forms of these adhesion proteins may have promising clinical use in leukemia and other hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- 1 Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- 2 Nucleus of Cancer Prevention and Research, Cancer Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isadora Akemi Uehara
- 1 Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- 1 Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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4
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Cai Z, Zhang A, Choksi S, Li W, Li T, Zhang XM, Liu ZG. Activation of cell-surface proteases promotes necroptosis, inflammation and cell migration. Cell Res 2016; 26:886-900. [PMID: 27444869 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed, caspase-independent cell death that is morphologically similar to necrosis. TNF-induced necroptosis is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinases, RIP1 and RIP3, and the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). After being phosphorylated by RIP3, MLKL is translocated to the plasma membrane and mediates necroptosis. However, the execution of necroptosis and its role in inflammation and other cellular responses remain largely elusive. In this study, we report that MLKL-mediated activation of cell-surface proteases of the a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family promotes necroptosis, inflammation and cell migration. ADAMs are specifically activated at the early stage of necroptosis when MLKL is phosphorylated and translocated to the cell plasma membrane. Activation of ADAMs induces ectodomain shedding of diverse cell-surface proteins including adhesion molecules, receptors, growth factors and cytokines. Importantly, the shedding of cell-surface proteins disrupts cell adhesion and accelerates necroptosis, while the soluble fragments of the cleaved proteins trigger the inflammatory responses. We also demonstrate that the shedding of E-cadherin ectodomain from necroptotic cells promotes cell migration. Thus, our study provides a novel mechanism of necroptosis-induced inflammation and new insights into the physiological and pathological functions of this unique form of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Cai
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anling Zhang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Swati Choksi
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weihua Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Liu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome, Atypical Connexin GJB2 Gene Mutation, and Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: More Than a Random Association? Case Rep Hematol 2011; 2011:848461. [PMID: 22937313 PMCID: PMC3420635 DOI: 10.1155/2011/848461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by skin lesions, neurosensorial hypoacusia, and keratitis, usually due to the c.148G → A mutation involving the connexin 26 gene. We report on a KID patient who showed the atypical c.101T → C mutation and developed a T-cell lymphoma so far never described in this group of patients.
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Kuwabara H, Yoneda M, Hayasaki H, Nakamura T, Shibayama Y. A hyaluronan synthase suppressor, 4-methylumbelliferone, inhibits the tumor invasion associated with N-cadherin decreasement. Pathol Int 2011; 61:262-3. [PMID: 21418401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Uchida Y, Kawai K, Ibusuki A, Kanekura T. Role for E-cadherin as an inhibitory receptor on epidermal gammadelta T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6945-54. [PMID: 21562159 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a homophilic adhesion molecule that maintains homotypic intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells such as epidermal keratinocytes. E-cadherin is also expressed on resident murine epidermal γδ T cells, known as dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), but they express another receptor for E-cadherin, α(E)(CD103)β(7) integrin, as well. In this study, we analyzed functional differences between E-cadherin-mediated homophilic binding and heterophilic binding of α(E)β(7) integrin to E-cadherin in heterotypic intercellular adhesion of DETCs to keratinocytes. E-cadherin, but not α(E)β(7) integrin, was downregulated on activation of DETCs in vivo and in vitro. Short-term (1-h) adhesion of DETCs to keratinocytes in vitro was primarily mediated by α(E)β(7) integrin, and blocking of the binding of α(E)β(7) integrin to E-cadherin inhibited the lysis of keratinocytes by DETCs. Stable binding of E-cadherin on DETCs to plate-bound recombinant E-cadherin was observed only after 24-h culture in vitro. Cytokine production and degranulation by DETCs in response to suboptimal TCR cross-linking and mitogen stimulation were augmented by coligation of α(E)β(7) integrin. In contrast, engagement of E-cadherin on DETCs with immobilized anti-E-cadherin Ab, plate-bound recombinant E-cadherin, and E-cadherin on keratinocytes inhibited DETC activation. Therefore, E-cadherin acts as an inhibitory receptor on DETCs, whereas α(E)β(7) integrin acts as a costimulatory receptor. Differential expression of E-cadherin and α(E)β(7) integrin on resting and activated DETCs, as well as their opposite functions in DETC activation, suggests that E-cadherin and α(E)β(7) integrin on DETCs regulate their activation threshold through binding to E-cadherin on keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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8
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Feng H, Stachura DL, White RM, Gutierrez A, Zhang L, Sanda T, Jette CA, Testa JR, Neuberg DS, Langenau DM, Kutok JL, Zon LI, Traver D, Fleming MD, Kanki JP, Look AT. T-lymphoblastic lymphoma cells express high levels of BCL2, S1P1, and ICAM1, leading to a blockade of tumor cell intravasation. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:353-66. [PMID: 20951945 PMCID: PMC3003429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular events underlying the progression of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) to acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remain elusive. In our zebrafish model, concomitant overexpression of bcl-2 with Myc accelerated T-LBL onset while inhibiting progression to T-ALL. The T-LBL cells failed to invade the vasculature and showed evidence of increased homotypic cell-cell adhesion and autophagy. Further analysis using clinical biopsy specimens revealed autophagy and increased levels of BCL2, S1P1, and ICAM1 in human T-LBL compared with T-ALL. Inhibition of S1P1 signaling in T-LBL cells led to decreased homotypic adhesion in vitro and increased tumor cell intravasation in vivo. Thus, blockade of intravasation and hematologic dissemination in T-LBL is due to elevated S1P1 signaling, increased expression of ICAM1, and augmented homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David L. Stachura
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard M. White
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cicely A. Jette
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph R. Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Donna S. Neuberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David M. Langenau
- Department of Molecular Pathology/Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jeffery L. Kutok
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Traver
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Dan Diego Medical School, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark D. Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John P. Kanki
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are of utmost importance in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. For example, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are crucial for leukocyte homing and recruitment to inflammatory sites. The discovery of the disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) proteins, which have both adhesive and proteolytic activities, raised the question of their involvement in inflammatory processes. More interestingly, the presence of the RGD integrin-binding sequence in the disintegrin domain of ADAM-15 (MDC-15; metargidin) highlighted ADAM-15 as a protein particularly involved in cell-cell interactions. These findings therefore prompted authors to investigate the roles of ADAM-15 in inflammatory diseases. Because of the early description of ADAM-15 expression in endothelial cells, work first focused on the roles of ADAM-15 in vascular diseases, and ADAM-15 was found to be associated with atherosclerosis. Other studies also pointed at ADAM-15 as a mediator of rheumatoid arthritis and intestinal inflammation as well as inherent angiogenesis. The roles of ADAM-15 in these diseases appear to involve mechanisms as different as cell-cell interactions, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, and shedding activity. Here we review and discuss these recent discoveries pointing to ADAM-15 as a mediator of mechanisms underlying inflammation and as a possible therapeutic target for prevention of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Charrier-Hisamuddin
- Deptartment of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Charrier L, Yan Y, Nguyen HTT, Dalmasso G, Laboisse CL, Gewirtz AT, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D. ADAM-15/metargidin mediates homotypic aggregation of human T lymphocytes and heterotypic interactions of T lymphocytes with intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:16948-58. [PMID: 17416588 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700158200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play an immunoregulatory role in the intestine. This role involves cell-cell interactions with intraepithelial lymphocytes that may also play a role in some enteropathies. The discovery of the RGD motif-containing Protein ADAM-15 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease-15) raises the question of its involvement in these cell-cell interactions. Cell adhesion assays were performed using the Jurkat E6.1 T cell line as a model of T lymphocytes and Caco2-BBE monolayers as a model of intestinal epithelia. Our results show that an anti-ADAM-15 ectodomain antibody inhibited the attachment of Jurkat cells on Caco2-BBE monolayers. Overexpression of ADAM-15 in Caco2-BBE cells enhanced Jurkat cell binding, and overexpression of ADAM-15 in Jurkat cells enhanced their aggregation. Mutagenesis experiments showed that both the mutation of ADAM-15 RGD domain or the deletion of its cytoplasmic tail decreased these cell-cell interactions. Moreover, wound-healing experiments showed that epithelial ADAM-15-mediated Jurkat cell adhesion to Caco2-BBE cells enhances the mechanisms of wound repair. We also found that ADAM-15-mediated aggregation of Jurkat cells increases the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA. These results demonstrate the following: 1) ADAM-15 is involved in heterotypic adhesion of intraepithelial lymphocytes to IEC as well as in homotypic aggregation of T cells; 2) both the RGD motif and the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM-15 are involved for these cell-cell interactions; and 3) ADAM-15-mediated cell-cell interactions are involved in mechanisms of epithelial restitution and production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Altogether these findings point to ADAM-15 as a possible therapeutic target for prevention of inappropriate T cell activation involved in some pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Charrier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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de Yzaguirre MM, Hernández JS, Navarro PF, Nieva PL, Herranz M, Fraga MF, Esteller M, Juarranz A, Fernández-Piqueras J. Epigenetic silencing of E- and N-cadherins in the stroma of mouse thymic lymphomas. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:1081-9. [PMID: 16377805 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of some tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes by thymocytes had been involved in the development of primary thymic lymphomas induced by gamma-irradiation, but genetic alterations affecting critical genes expressed by stromal cells have not been yet explored. This paper analyzes a series of such tumours induced in C57BL/6J and in F1 hybrids of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mouse strains. As expected, hystopathological analyses revealed profound disorganizations within the thymus with a poor demarcation of the cortical and medullar areas. Immunological and quantitative on-line RT-PCR analyses confirm that E-cadherin (Cdh1) is essentially expressed by stromal cells of the thymus, while evidencing that the expression of this gene is significantly reduced in all tumours. In addition, and contrary to what one would expect, N-cadherin (Cdh2) that is exclusively expressed by stromal cells is likewise down-regulated in most of the thymic lymphomas. Although hypermethylation of the promoter region appears to be involved in the inactivation of Cdh2 in all tumours, additional epigenetic mechanisms mediated by repressors such as Snai1 may also play a role in Cdh1 silencing. These results represent the first reported case for tumour-associated gene alterations occurring not in the tumour cells per se, but in the stromal cells of primary thymic lymphomas. Additionally, since the expression of both genes is significantly up-regulated after a single high dose of gamma-radiation, but remained unchanged in treated thymic-lymphoma-free-mice, epigenetic down-regulation of E- and N-cadherin appears to occur concomitantly with the progression towards the most advanced stages of gamma-radiation-induced thymic lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matabuena de Yzaguirre
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Madrid, España
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12
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Abstract
E-cadherin is one of the cell adhesion molecules normally expressed on epithelial cells. We previously reported that murine bone marrow-derived mast cells express E-cadherin that could be involved in homophilic binding with epithelial cell E-cadherin. In the present study we examined whether E-cadherin is also expressed in human mast cell HMC-1. Gene expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin was observed in HMC-1 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while N-cadherin expression was undetectable. cDNA sequencing of HMC-1 E-cadherin revealed no deletions or mutations. E-cadherin expression in HMC-1 was confirmed by immunoblotting as well as by flow cytometric analyses. In the presence of E-cadherin blocking antibody or a synthetic E-cadherin decapeptide with HAV sequence in culture medium, adhesion of HMC-1 cells to the A431 epithelial cell monolayer was slightly but significantly suppressed. In contrast, N- or P-cadherin decapeptides did not suppress the binding. These results indicated that human mast cell HMC-1 expresses E-cadherin, and is possibly involved in cellular interactions with epithelial cells, while other functions still remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Nishida
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Li G, Satyamoorthy K, Meier F, Berking C, Bogenrieder T, Herlyn M. Function and regulation of melanoma-stromal fibroblast interactions: when seeds meet soil. Oncogene 2003; 22:3162-71. [PMID: 12789292 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma development and progression not only involve genetic and epigenetic changes that take place within the melanocytic cells, but also involve processes that are determined collectively by contextual factors including intercellular adhesions and communications. In this review, we focus on melanoma-stromal fibroblast crosstalk by direct cell-cell contact and by growth factors/cytokines/chemokines interacting with their respective receptors. The interactions between melanoma cells and stromal fibroblasts create a context that promotes tumor growth, migration/invasion, and angiogenesis. An understanding of this process and developing new experimental and screening models are of great importance for the development of effective therapeutical strategies to treat melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kutlesa S, Wessels JT, Speiser A, Steiert I, Müller CA, Klein G. E-cadherin-mediated interactions of thymic epithelial cells with CD103+ thymocytes lead to enhanced thymocyte cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 2002; 115:4505-15. [PMID: 12414996 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that mainly mediate homotypic homophilic interactions, but for E-cadherin, heterophilic interactions with the integrin alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7) have also been reported. In the human thymus, where thymocytes develop in close contact with thymic stromal cells, E-cadherin expression was detected on thymic epithelial cells. By immunofluorescence staining, the strongest expression of E-cadherin was observed on medullary thymic epithelial cells. These cells also express cytosolic catenins, which are necessary to form functional cadherin-catenin complexes. Regardless of their developmental stage, human thymocytes do not express E-cadherin, indicating that homophilic interactions cannot occur. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the E-cadherin ligand CD103 is expressed on subpopulations of the early CD4(-) CD8(-) double-negative and of the more mature CD8(+) single-positive thymocytes. Using an in vitro cell adhesion assay, double-negative and CD8(+) single-positive thymocytes adhered strongly to isolated thymic epithelial cells. These adhesive interactions could be inhibited by antibodies against E-cadherin or CD103. CD8(+) thymocytes showed a proliferative response when incubated with thymic epithelial cells. This mitogenic effect was inhibited by antibodies against CD103, which strongly indicates a direct involvement of the adhesive ligand pair CD103-E-cadherin in human thymocyte cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Kutlesa
- University Medical Clinic, Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, Tübingen, Germany
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Heikinheimo K, Jee KJ, Niini T, Aalto Y, Happonen RP, Leivo I, Knuutila S. Gene expression profiling of ameloblastoma and human tooth germ by means of a cDNA microarray. J Dent Res 2002; 81:525-30. [PMID: 12147741 DOI: 10.1177/154405910208100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular and genetic characteristics of ameloblastoma are still poorly understood. We analyzed gene expression in fresh-frozen ameloblastomas and human fetal tooth germs, using a cDNA microarray. Thirty-four genes exhibited significant changes in expression levels in the ameloblastoma. Eleven genes were overexpressed more than three-fold, and 23 genes were underexpressed to below 0.4 of the control level. The oncogene FOS was the most overexpressed gene (from eight- to 14-fold), followed by tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor 1 (TNFRSF1A). Genes for sonic hedgehog (SHH), TNF-receptor-associated-factor 3 (TRAF3), rhoGTP-ase-activating protein 4 (ARHGAP4), deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), cadherins 12 and 13 (CDH12 and 13), teratocarcinoma-derived growth-factor-1 (TDGF1), and transforming growth-factor-beta1 (TGFB1) were underexpressed in all tumors. In selected genes, a comparison between cDNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR confirmed similar relative gene expression changes. The gene expression profile identifies candidate genes that may be involved in the origination of ameloblastoma and several genes previously unidentified in relation to human tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Makagiansar IT, Yusuf-Makagiansar H, Ikesue A, Calcagno AM, Murray JS, Siahaan TJ. N-cadherin involvement in the heterotypic adherence of malignant T-cells to epithelia. Mol Cell Biochem 2002; 233:1-8. [PMID: 12083363 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015556625038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
N-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule normally found in neural cell tissue, has been found recently to be expressed on the surface of malignant T-cells. The function of N-cadherin on these cells remains unclear. Heterotypic assays between Molt-3 T lymphoblastic leukemia cells and Caco-2 epithelial monolayers were examined under different conditions to assess the functional role of N-cadherin. The results indicate that adherence of Molt-3 cells to Caco-2 monolayers was reduced significantly following pretreatment of Molt-3 cells with 100 microM of an N-cadherin-derived antagonist decapeptide. In contrast, pretreatment of Molt-3 cells with an anti-N-cadherin antibody raised against the first 20 amino acids of N-cadherin sequence led to a surprisingly marked enhancement of Molt-3 cell adherence to Caco-2 monolayers. In addition, the presence of anti-N-cadherin antibody neutralized the inhibitory effect of anti-ICAM-1 on Molt-3 adhesion to Caco-2 monolayers. This novel finding demonstrates that external stimulus through the N-cadherin amino terminus can modulate adhesion of malignant T-cells to epithelia and may promote their ability to invade or metastasize to inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwan T Makagiansar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA
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ALEXANDER JSTEVEN, ELROD JOHNW, PARK JAEH. Roles of Leukocyte and Immune Cell Junctional Proteins. Microcirculation 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Puch S, Armeanu S, Kibler C, Johnson KR, Müller CA, Wheelock MJ, Klein G. N-cadherin is developmentally regulated and functionally involved in early hematopoietic cell differentiation. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:1567-77. [PMID: 11282032 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.8.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cadherins, an important family of cell adhesion molecules, are known to play major roles during embryonic development and in the maintenance of solid tissue architecture. In the hematopoietic system, however, little is known of the role of this cell adhesion family. By RT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining we show that N-cadherin, a classical type I cadherin mainly expressed on neuronal, endothelial and muscle cells, is expressed on the cell surface of resident bone marrow stromal cells. FACS analysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells revealed that N-cadherin is also expressed on a subpopulation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells. Triple-color FACS analysis defined a new CD34(+) CD19(+) N-cadherin(+) progenitor cell population. During further differentiation, however, N-cadherin expression is lost. Treatment of CD34(+) progenitor cells with function-perturbing N-cadherin antibodies drastically diminished colony formation, indicating a direct involvement of N-cadherin in the differentiation program of early hematopoietic progenitors. N-cadherin can also mediate adhesive interactions within the bone marrow as demonstrated by inhibition of homotypic interactions of bone-marrow-derived cells with N-cadherin antibodies. Together, these data strongly suggest that N-cadherin is involved in the development and retention of early hematopoietic progenitors within the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Puch
- University Medical Clinic, Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, Germany
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Tegoshi T, Nishida M, Ishiwata K, Kobayashi T, Uchiyama F, Nabeshima K, Nawa Y, Arizono N. E-cadherin and cadherin-associated cytoplasmic proteins are expressed in murine mast cells. J Transl Med 2000; 80:1571-81. [PMID: 11045574 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins, calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules, play crucial roles, not only in the maintenance of tissue integrity, but also in the regulation of many aspects of cell behavior. We investigated the expression of "classic" E-, N- and P-cadherins in bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMMC) and peritoneal mast cells (PMC) from mice. Flow cytometric analysis and immunocytochemical staining indicated that E-cadherin was expressed on the cell surface of BMMC and also at lower levels on PMC. N-cadherin was also expressed on the surface of BMMC, but not of PMC, whereas P-cadherin expression was seen in neither cell type. Significant expression of E- and N-cadherin mRNA was observed in BMMC by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), but PMC expressed only E-cadherin mRNA. Western blotting analysis indicated expression of alpha- and beta-catenins and p120-catenin (or p120 cas) in BMMC, whereas PMC showed less intense expression of alpha- and beta-catenins with high levels of p120 expression. Analyses of beta-catenin or E-cadherin immunoprecipitates from BMMC lysate revealed that alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and E-cadherin were co-precipitated, suggesting that E-cadherin and catenins form a complex in mast cells. Addition of a blocking antibody of homophilic E-cadherin interactions, or a synthetic E-cadherin-binding decapeptide containing the histidine-alanine-valine (HAV) sequence in methylcellulose cultures of gut intraepithelial mononuclear cells or BMMC, significantly suppressed the clonal growth of mast cells. Furthermore, the blocking antibody or synthetic decapeptide significantly suppressed BMMC adhesion to E-cadherin-expressing F9 cell monolayers. These results indicated that E-cadherin and associated cytoplasmic proteins in mast cells might be involved in the regulation of certain stages of mast cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tegoshi
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Li G, Herlyn M. Dynamics of intercellular communication during melanoma development. MOLECULAR MEDICINE TODAY 2000; 6:163-9. [PMID: 10740255 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-4310(00)01692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma development involves processes determined collectively by various microenvironmental factors, among which intercellular communication has drawn increased attention. Cell-cell crosstalk mediated by cadherins and connexins results in coordinated regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Abnormal expression of adhesion receptors and dysregulated intercellular communication appears to drive tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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