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Röthe J, Kraft R, Ricken A, Kaczmarek I, Matz-Soja M, Winter K, Dietzsch AN, Buchold J, Ludwig MG, Liebscher I, Schöneberg T, Thor D. The adhesion GPCR GPR116/ADGRF5 has a dual function in pancreatic islets regulating somatostatin release and islet development. Commun Biol 2024; 7:104. [PMID: 38228886 PMCID: PMC10791652 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is maintained by hormones secreted from different cell types of the pancreatic islets and controlled by manifold input including signals mediated through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RNA-seq analyses revealed expression of numerous GPCRs in mouse and human pancreatic islets, among them Gpr116/Adgrf5. GPR116 is an adhesion GPCR mainly found in lung and required for surfactant secretion. Here, we demonstrate that GPR116 is involved in the somatostatin release from pancreatic delta cells using a whole-body as well as a cell-specific knock-out mouse model. Interestingly, the whole-body GPR116 deficiency causes further changes such as decreased beta-cell mass, lower number of small islets, and reduced pancreatic insulin content. Glucose homeostasis in global GPR116-deficient mice is maintained by counter-acting mechanisms modulating insulin degradation. Our data highlight an important function of GPR116 in controlling glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Röthe
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Kraft
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Medical Department II - Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Pneumology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André Nguyen Dietzsch
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Buchold
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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2
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Paluschinski M, Kordes C, Vucur M, Buettner V, Roderburg C, Xu HC, Shinte PV, Lang PA, Luedde T, Castoldi M. Differential Modulation of miR-122 Transcription by TGFβ1/BMP6: Implications for Nonresolving Inflammation and Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:1955. [PMID: 37566034 PMCID: PMC10416984 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is widely recognized as a significant factor that promotes and worsens the development of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed to explore the potential role of microRNAs in inflammation-associated nonresolving hepatocarcinogenesis. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of altered microRNAs in animal models with liver cancer of various etiologies, we identified miR-122 as the most significantly downregulated microRNA in the liver of animals with inflammation-associated liver cancer. Although previous research has indicated the importance of miR-122 in maintaining hepatocyte function, its specific role as either the trigger or the consequence of underlying diseases remains unclear. Through extensive analysis of animals and in vitro models, we have successfully demonstrated that miR-122 transcription is differentially regulated by the immunoregulatory cytokines, by the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), and the bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6). Furthermore, we presented convincing evidence directly linking reduced miR-122 transcription to inflammation and in chronic liver diseases. The results of this study strongly suggest that prolonged activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to disruption of cytokine-mediated regulation of miR-122, may significantly contribute to the onset and exacerbation of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Paluschinski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Claus Kordes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Veronika Buettner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Haifeng C. Xu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.C.X.); (P.V.S.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Prashant V. Shinte
- Institute for Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.C.X.); (P.V.S.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (H.C.X.); (P.V.S.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Mirco Castoldi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (M.P.); (C.K.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (C.R.); (T.L.)
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3
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Zhao Z, Fu C, Zhang Y, Fu A. Dimeric Histidine as a Novel Free Radical Scavenger Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Liver Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1529. [PMID: 34679664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic liver injury (NLI) is a common disease worldwide. Since free radical damage in the liver is a crucial initiator leading to diseases, scavenging excess free radicals has become an essential therapeutic strategy. To enhance the antioxidant capacity of histidine, we synthesized a protonated dimeric histidine, H-bihistidine, and investigated its anti-free radical potential in several free-radical-induced NLI. Results showed that H-bihistidine could strongly scavenge free radicals caused by H2O2, fatty acid, and CCl4, respectively, and recover cell viability in cultured hepatocytes. In the animal model of nonalcoholic fatty liver injury caused by high-fat diet, H-bihistidine reduced the contents of transaminases and lipids in serum, eliminated the liver’s fat accumulation, and decreased the oxidative damage. Moreover, H-bihistidine could rescue CCl4-induced liver injury and recover energy supply through scavenging free radicals. Moreover, liver fibrosis prepared by high-fat diet and CCl4 administration was significantly alleviated after H-bihistidine treatment. This study suggests a novel nonenzymatic free radical scavenger against NLI and, potentially, other free-radical-induced diseases.
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Belicova L, Repnik U, Delpierre J, Gralinska E, Seifert S, Valenzuela JI, Morales-Navarrete HA, Franke C, Räägel H, Shcherbinina E, Prikazchikova T, Koteliansky V, Vingron M, Kalaidzidis YL, Zatsepin T, Zerial M. Anisotropic expansion of hepatocyte lumina enforced by apical bulkheads. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212522. [PMID: 34328499 PMCID: PMC8329733 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen morphogenesis results from the interplay between molecular pathways and mechanical forces. In several organs, epithelial cells share their apical surfaces to form a tubular lumen. In the liver, however, hepatocytes share the apical surface only between adjacent cells and form narrow lumina that grow anisotropically, generating a 3D network of bile canaliculi (BC). Here, by studying lumenogenesis in differentiating mouse hepatoblasts in vitro, we discovered that adjacent hepatocytes assemble a pattern of specific extensions of the apical membrane traversing the lumen and ensuring its anisotropic expansion. These previously unrecognized structures form a pattern, reminiscent of the bulkheads of boats, also present in the developing and adult liver. Silencing of Rab35 resulted in loss of apical bulkheads and lumen anisotropy, leading to cyst formation. Strikingly, we could reengineer hepatocyte polarity in embryonic liver tissue, converting BC into epithelial tubes. Our results suggest that apical bulkheads are cell-intrinsic anisotropic mechanical elements that determine the elongation of BC during liver tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Belicova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julien Delpierre
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Gralinska
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Franke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Helin Räägel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Nelson Laboratories LLC, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | - Martin Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Timofei Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Christidis G, Karatayli E, Hall RA, Weber SN, Reichert MC, Hohl M, Qiao S, Boehm U, Lütjohann D, Lammert F, Karatayli SC. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Response in a Preclinical Alcohol Model of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7898. [PMID: 34360670 PMCID: PMC8348955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has recently been shown to play a potential role in bile acid metabolism. We aimed to investigate the FGF21 response in an ethanol-induced acute-on-chronic liver injury (ACLI) model in Abcb4-/- mice with deficiency of the hepatobiliary phospholipid transporter. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from wild-type (WT, C57BL/6J) and Abcb4-/- (KO) mice, which were either fed a control diet (WT-Cont and KO-Cont groups; n = 28/group) or ethanol diet, followed by an acute ethanol binge (WT-EtOH and KO-EtOH groups; n = 28/group). A total of 58 human subjects were recruited into the study, including patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD; n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 27). The hepatic and ileal expressions of genes involved in bile acid metabolism, plasma FGF levels, and bile acid and its precursors 7α- and 27-hydroxycholesterol (7α- and 27-OHC) concentrations were determined. Primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated for cell culture experiments. RESULTS Alcohol feeding significantly induced plasma FGF21 and decreased hepatic Cyp7a1 levels. Hepatic expression levels of Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1), Fgfr4, Farnesoid X-activated receptor (Fxr), and Small heterodimer partner (Shp) and plasma FGF15/FGF19 levels did not differ with alcohol challenge. Exogenous FGF21 treatment suppressed Cyp7a1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. AALD patients showed markedly higher FGF21 and lower 7α-OHC plasma levels while FGF19 did not differ. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous upregulation of FGF21 and downregulation of Cyp7a1 expressions upon chronic plus binge alcohol feeding together with the invariant plasma FGF15 and hepatic Shp and Fxr levels suggest the presence of a direct regulatory mechanism of FGF21 on bile acid homeostasis through inhibition of CYP7A1 by an FGF15-independent pathway in this ACLI model. Lay Summary: Alcohol challenge results in the upregulation of FGF21 and repression of Cyp7a1 expressions while circulating FGF15 and hepatic Shp and Fxr levels remain constant both in healthy and pre-injured livers, suggesting the presence of an alternative FGF15-independent regulatory mechanism of FGF21 on bile acid homeostasis through the inhibition of Cyp7a1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Christidis
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (G.C.); (E.K.); (R.A.H.); (S.N.W.); (M.C.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Ersin Karatayli
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (G.C.); (E.K.); (R.A.H.); (S.N.W.); (M.C.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Rabea A. Hall
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (G.C.); (E.K.); (R.A.H.); (S.N.W.); (M.C.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Susanne N. Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (G.C.); (E.K.); (R.A.H.); (S.N.W.); (M.C.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Matthias C. Reichert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (G.C.); (E.K.); (R.A.H.); (S.N.W.); (M.C.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Department of Medicine III, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (S.Q.); (U.B.)
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (S.Q.); (U.B.)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (G.C.); (E.K.); (R.A.H.); (S.N.W.); (M.C.R.); (F.L.)
- Hannover Health Sciences Campus, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Senem Ceren Karatayli
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (G.C.); (E.K.); (R.A.H.); (S.N.W.); (M.C.R.); (F.L.)
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6
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Zhou Y, Li C, Wang X, Deng P, He W, Zheng H, Zhao L, Gao H. Integration of FGF21 Signaling and Metabolomics in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3900-3912. [PMID: 34237942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in obesity have been well established, but the metabolic mechanism underlying these differences remains unclear. In the present study, we determined the expression levels of endogenous fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and its related receptors in male and female mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. We also analyzed the metabolic changes in serum and livers using a nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting results revealed that the levels of FGFR1, FGFR2, and co-factor β-klotho were upregulated in female mice to alleviate FGF21 resistance induced by HFD. The metabolomics results demonstrated that the serum and liver metabolic patterns of HFD-fed male mice were significantly separated from those of the female HFD-fed group and the normal diet group. Furthermore, low-density lipoprotein/very low density lipoprotein and betaine levels were associated with the resistance of exogenous HFD in female mice. These findings imply that sex-based differences in metabolism and susceptibility to obesity might be mediated by the FGF21 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pengxi Deng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenting He
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Zhang J, Gao J, Lin D, Xiong J, Wang J, Chen J, Lin B, Gao Z. Potential Networks Regulated by MSCs in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: Exosomal miRNAs and Intracellular Target Genes. Front Genet 2021; 12:650536. [PMID: 33968135 PMCID: PMC8102832 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.650536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe syndrome associated with high mortality. Alterations in the liver microenvironment are one of the vital causes of immune damage and liver dysfunction. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have been reported to alleviate liver injury via exosome-mediated signaling; of note, miRNAs are one of the most important cargoes in exosomes. Importantly, the miRNAs within exosomes in the hepatic microenvironment may mediate the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived regulation of liver function. This study investigated the hepatocyte exosomal miRNAs which are regulated by MSCs and the target genes which have potential in the treatment of liver failure. Briefly, ACLF was induced in mice using carbon tetrachloride and primary hepatocytes were isolated and co-cultured (or not) with MSCs under serum-free conditions. Exosomes were then collected, and the expression of exosomal miRNAs was assessed using next-generation sequencing; a comparison was performed between liver cells from healthy versus ACLF animals. Additionally, to identify the intracellular targets of exosomal miRNAs in humans, we focused on previously published data, i.e., microarray data and mass spectrometry data in liver samples from ACLF patients. The biological functions and signaling pathways associated with differentially expressed genes were predicted using gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics enrichment analyses; hub genes were also screened based on pathway analysis and the prediction of protein-protein interaction networks. Finally, we constructed the hub gene-miRNA network and performed correlation analysis and qPCR validation. Importantly, our data revealed that MSCs could regulate the miRNA content within exosomes in the hepatic microenvironment. MiR-20a-5p was down-regulated in ACLF hepatocytes and their exosomes, while the levels of chemokine C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8; interleukin 8) were increased in hepatocytes. Importantly, co-culture with hBMSCs resulted in up-regulated expression of miR-20a-5p in exosomes and hepatocytes, and down-regulated expression of CXCL8 in hepatocytes. Altogether, our data suggest that the exosomal miR-20a-5p/intracellular CXCL8 axis may play an important role in the reduction of liver inflammation in ACLF in the context of MSC-based therapies and highlights CXCL8 as a potential target for alleviating liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dengna Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingliang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Waidmann O, Pleli T, Weigert A, Imelmann E, Kakoschky B, Schmithals C, Döring C, Frank M, Longerich T, Köberle V, Hansmann ML, Brüne B, Zeuzem S, Piiper A, Dikic I. Tax1BP1 limits hepatic inflammation and reduces experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16264. [PMID: 33004985 PMCID: PMC7530720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) signaling pathway plays an important role in liver homeostasis and cancer development. Tax1-binding protein 1 (Tax1BP1) is a regulator of the NFκB signaling pathway, but its role in the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is presently unknown. Here we investigated the role of Tax1BP1 in liver cells and murine models of HCC and liver fibrosis. We applied the diethylnitrosamine (DEN) model of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in Tax1BP1+/+ and Tax1BP1-/- mice. The amount and subsets of non-parenchymal liver cells in in Tax1BP1+/+ and Tax1BP1-/- mice were determined and activation of NFκB and stress induced signaling pathways were assessed. Differential expression of mRNA and miRNA was determined. Tax1BP1-/- mice showed increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the liver. Furthermore, a sustained activation of the NFκB signaling pathway was found in hepatocytes as well as increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in isolated Kupffer cells from Tax1BP1-/- mice. Several differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in livers of Tax1BP1-/- mice were found, which are regulators of inflammation or are involved in cancer development or progression. Furthermore, Tax1BP1-/- mice developed more HCCs than their Tax1BP1+/+ littermates. We conclude that Tax1BP1 protects from liver cancer development by limiting proinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Waidmann
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie Und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Institut für Biochemie 2, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pleli
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie Und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institut für Biochemie 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Esther Imelmann
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie Und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bianca Kakoschky
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie Und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Schmithals
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie Und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Senckenbergsches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Frank
- Senckenbergsches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Sektion Translationale Gastrointestinale Pathologie, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Köberle
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie Und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Senckenbergsches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institut für Biochemie 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie Und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Albrecht Piiper
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie Und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institut für Biochemie 2, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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Robichon K, Maiwald T, Schilling M, Schneider A, Willemsen J, Salopiata F, Teusel M, Kreutz C, Ehlting C, Huang J, Chakraborty S, Huang X, Damm G, Seehofer D, Lang PA, Bode JG, Binder M, Bartenschlager R, Timmer J, Klingmüller U. Identification of Interleukin1β as an Amplifier of Interferon alpha-induced Antiviral Responses. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008461. [PMID: 33002089 PMCID: PMC7553310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of an interferon-mediated response is the first line of defense against pathogens such as viruses. Yet, the dynamics and extent of interferon alpha (IFNα)-induced antiviral genes vary remarkably and comprise three expression clusters: early, intermediate and late. By mathematical modeling based on time-resolved quantitative data, we identified mRNA stability as well as a negative regulatory loop as key mechanisms endogenously controlling the expression dynamics of IFNα-induced antiviral genes in hepatocytes. Guided by the mathematical model, we uncovered that this regulatory loop is mediated by the transcription factor IRF2 and showed that knock-down of IRF2 results in enhanced expression of early, intermediate and late IFNα-induced antiviral genes. Co-stimulation experiments with different pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed that this amplified expression dynamics of the early, intermediate and late IFNα-induced antiviral genes can also be achieved by co-application of IFNα and interleukin1 beta (IL1β). Consistently, we found that IL1β enhances IFNα-mediated repression of viral replication. Conversely, we observed that in IL1β receptor knock-out mice replication of viruses sensitive to IFNα is increased. Thus, IL1β is capable to potentiate IFNα-induced antiviral responses and could be exploited to improve antiviral therapies. Innate immune responses contribute to the control of viral infections and the induction of interferon alpha (IFNα)-mediated antiviral responses is an important component. However, IFNα induces a multitude of antiviral response genes and the expression dynamics of these genes can be classified as early, intermediate and late. Here we show, based on a mathematical modeling approach, that mRNA stability as well as the negative regulator IRF2 control the expression dynamics of IFNα-induced antiviral genes. Knock-down of IRF2 resulted in the amplified IFNα-mediated induction of the antiviral genes and this amplified expression of antiviral genes could be functionally mimicked by co-stimulation with IFNα and IL1β. We observed that co-stimulation with IFNα and IL1β enhanced the repression of virus replication and that knock-out of the IL1 receptor in mice resulted in increased replication of a virus sensitive to IFNα. In sum, our studies identified IL1β as an important amplifier of IFNα-induced antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Robichon
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Maiwald
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany.,FDM-Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schneider
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joschka Willemsen
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Salopiata
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa Teusel
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ehlting
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany.,FDM-Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Kolbe E, Aleithe S, Rennert C, Spormann L, Ott F, Meierhofer D, Gajowski R, Stöpel C, Hoehme S, Kücken M, Brusch L, Seifert M, von Schoenfels W, Schafmayer C, Brosch M, Hofmann U, Damm G, Seehofer D, Hampe J, Gebhardt R, Matz-Soja M. Mutual Zonated Interactions of Wnt and Hh Signaling Are Orchestrating the Metabolism of the Adult Liver in Mice and Human. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4553-4567.e7. [PMID: 31875560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt/β-Catenin (Wnt) cascades are morphogen pathways whose pronounced influence on adult liver metabolism has been identified in recent years. How both pathways communicate and control liver metabolic functions are largely unknown. Detecting core components of Wnt and Hh signaling and mathematical modeling showed that both pathways in healthy liver act largely complementary to each other in the pericentral (Wnt) and the periportal zone (Hh) and communicate mainly by mutual repression. The Wnt/Hh module inversely controls the spatiotemporal operation of various liver metabolic pathways, as revealed by transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses. Shifting the balance to Wnt (activation) or Hh (inhibition) causes pericentralization and periportalization of liver functions, respectively. Thus, homeostasis of the Wnt/Hh module is essential for maintaining proper liver metabolism and to avoid the development of certain metabolic diseases. With caution due to minor species-specific differences, these conclusions may hold for human liver as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kolbe
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Susanne Aleithe
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Christiane Rennert
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Luise Spormann
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Fritzi Ott
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Mass Spectrometry Faculty, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Robert Gajowski
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Mass Spectrometry Faculty, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Claus Stöpel
- Institute for Computer Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Stefan Hoehme
- Institute for Computer Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Michael Kücken
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Lutz Brusch
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Witigo von Schoenfels
- Department of General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Mario Brosch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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11
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Spormann L, Rennert C, Kolbe E, Ott F, Lossius C, Lehmann R, Gebhardt R, Berg T, Matz-Soja M. Cyclopamine and Rapamycin Synergistically Inhibit mTOR Signalling in Mouse Hepatocytes, Revealing an Interaction of Hedgehog and mTor Signalling in the Liver. Cells 2020; 9:E1817. [PMID: 32751882 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the liver, energy homeostasis is mainly regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, which influences relevant metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism. However, the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is one of the newly identified drivers of hepatic lipid metabolism. Although the link between mTOR and Hh signalling was previously demonstrated in cancer development and progression, knowledge of their molecular crosstalk in healthy liver is lacking. To close this information gap, we used a transgenic mouse model, which allows hepatocyte-specific deletion of the Hh pathway, and in vitro studies to reveal interactions between Hh and mTOR signalling. The study was conducted in male and female mice to investigate sexual differences in the crosstalk of these signalling pathways. Our results reveal that the conditional Hh knockout reduces mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in primary hepatocytes from female mice and inhibits autophagy in hepatocytes from both sexes. Furthermore, in vitro studies show a synergistic effect of cyclopamine and rapamycin on the inhibition of mTor signalling and oxidative respiration in primary hepatocytes from male and female C57BL/6N mice. Overall, our results demonstrate that the impairment of Hh signalling influences mTOR signalling and therefore represses oxidative phosphorylation and autophagy.
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12
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Yang P, Zeng H, Tan W, Luo X, Zheng E, Zhao L, Wei L, Ruan XZ, Chen Y, Chen Y. Loss of CD36 impairs hepatic insulin signaling by enhancing the interaction of PTP1B with IR. FASEB J 2020; 34:5658-5672. [PMID: 32100381 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902777rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A contradictory role of CD36 in insulin resistance was found to be related to the nutrient state. Here, we examined that the physiological functions of CD36 in insulin signal transduction in mice fed a low-fat diet. CD36 deficiency led to hepatic insulin resistance and decreased insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor β (IRβ) in mice fed a low-fat diet. The ability of insulin to bind with IR did not differ between WT and CD36-deficient hepatocytes. CD36 formed a complex with IRβ and dissociation of CD36/Fyn complex or inhibition of Fyn only partially reversed the effects of CD36 on hepatic insulin signaling. Furthermore, we found that CD36 deficiency led to abnormally increased hepatic protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression and enhanced PTP1B and IR interactions, which contributed to the decreased insulin signaling and disordered glucose metabolism. In addition, increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was found in the livers of the CD36-deficient mice, while inhibited ER stress normalized the PTP1B expression and restored insulin signaling in the CD36-deficient mice. Our findings suggest that the loss of CD36 impairs hepatic insulin signaling by enhancing the PTP1B/IR interaction that is induced by ER stress, indicating a possible critical step in the progression of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enze Zheng
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Yao Chen
- Medical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Xue W, Zhang W, Yuan Y, Zhu X, Wang Q, Wei Y, Yang D, Yang C, Chen Y, Sun Y, Wang S, Huang K, Zheng L. Histone methyltransferase G9a protects against acute liver injury through GSTP1. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1243-1258. [PMID: 31515511 PMCID: PMC7206029 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is commonly caused by bacterial endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and by drug overdose such as acetaminophen (APAP). The exact role of epigenetic modification in acute liver injury remains elusive. Here, we investigated the role of histone methyltransferase G9a in LPS- or APAP overdose-induced acute liver injury. Under d-galactosamine sensitization, liver-specific G9a-deficient mice (L-G9a−/−) exhibited 100% mortality after LPS injection, while the control and L-G9a+/− littermates showed very mild mortality. Moreover, abrogation of hepatic G9a or inhibiting the methyltransferase activity of G9a aggravated LPS-induced liver damage. Similarly, under sublethal APAP overdose, L-G9a−/− mice displayed more severe liver injury. Mechanistically, ablation of G9a inhibited H3K9me1 levels at the promoters of Gstp1/2, two liver detoxifying enzymes, and consequently suppressed their transcription. Notably, treating L-G9a−/− mice with recombinant mouse GSTP1 reversed the LPS- or APAP overdose-induced liver damage. Taken together, we identify a novel beneficial role of G9a-GSTP1 axis in protecting against acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weili Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yangmian Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiuqin Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yujuan Wei
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dong Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chen Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China.
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14
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Rex J, Lutz A, Faletti LE, Albrecht U, Thomas M, Bode JG, Borner C, Sawodny O, Merfort I. IL-1β and TNFα Differentially Influence NF-κB Activity and FasL-Induced Apoptosis in Primary Murine Hepatocytes During LPS-Induced Inflammation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30842741 PMCID: PMC6391654 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-derived cytokines largely influence the behavior of hepatocytes during an inflammatory response. We previously reported that both TNFα and IL-1β, which are released by macrophages upon LPS stimulation, affect Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptotic signaling. Whereas TNFα preincubation leads to elevated levels of caspase-3 activity and cell death, pretreatment with IL-1β induces increased caspase-3 activity but keeps cells alive. We now report that IL-1β and TNFα differentially influence NF-κB activity resulting in a differential upregulation of target genes, which may contribute to the distinct effects on cell viability. A reduced NF-κB activation model was established to further investigate the molecular mechanisms which determine the distinct cell fate decisions after IL-1β and TNFα stimulation. To study this aspect in a more physiological setting, we used supernatants from LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The treatment of hepatocytes with the BMDM supernatant, which contains both IL-1β and TNFα, sensitized to FasL-induced caspase-3 activation and cell death. However, when TNFα action was blocked by neutralizing antibodies, cell viability after stimulation with the BMDM supernatant and FasL increased as compared to single FasL stimulation. This indicates the important role of TNFα in the sensitization of apoptosis in hepatocytes. These results give first insights into the complex interplay between macrophages and hepatocytes which may influence life/death decisions of hepatocytes during an inflammatory reaction of the liver in response to a bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rex
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura E Faletti
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infection Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infection Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Borner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sawodny
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Sefried S, Häring HU, Weigert C, Eckstein SS. Suitability of hepatocyte cell lines HepG2, AML12 and THLE-2 for investigation of insulin signalling and hepatokine gene expression. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180147. [PMID: 30355754 PMCID: PMC6223207 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immortal hepatocyte cell lines are widely used to elucidate insulin-dependent signalling pathways and regulation of hepatic metabolism, although the often tumorigenic origin might not represent the metabolic state of healthy hepatocytes. We aimed to investigate if murine cell line AML12 and human cell line THLE-2, which are derived from healthy liver cells, are comparable to hepatoma cell line HepG2 for studying acute insulin signalling and expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and hepatokines. Insulin responsiveness of AML12 and THLE-2 cells was impaired when cells were cultured in the recommended growth medium, but comparable with HepG2 cells by using insulin-deficient medium. THLE-2 cells showed low abundance of insulin receptor, while protein levels in HepG2 and AML12 were comparable. AML12 and THLE-2 cells showed only low or non-detectable transcript levels of G6PC and PCK1. Expression of ANGPTL4 was regulated similarly in HepG2 and AML12 cells upon peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ activation but only HepG2 cells resemble the in vivo regulation of hepatic ANGPTL4 by cAMP. Composition of the culture medium and protein expression levels of key signalling proteins should be considered when AML12 and THLE-2 are used to study insulin signalling. With regard to gluconeogenesis and hepatokine expression, HepG2 cells appear to be closer to the in vivo situation despite the tumorigenic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sefried
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolite Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolite Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine S Eckstein
- Division of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Faletti L, Peintner L, Neumann S, Sandler S, Grabinger T, Mac Nelly S, Merfort I, Huang CH, Tschaharganeh D, Kang TW, Heinzmann F, D'Artista L, Maurer U, Brunner T, Lowe S, Zender L, Borner C. TNFα sensitizes hepatocytes to FasL-induced apoptosis by NFκB-mediated Fas upregulation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:909. [PMID: 30185788 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well established that TNFα contributes to hepatitis, liver failure and associated hepatocarcinogenesis via the regulation of inflammation, its pro-apoptotic role in the liver has remained enigmatic. On its own, TNFα is unable to trigger apoptosis. However, when combined with the transcriptional inhibitor GaLN, it can cause hepatocyte apoptosis and liver failure in mice. Moreover, along with others, we have shown that TNFα is capable of sensitizing cells to FasL- or drug-induced cell death via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and phosphorylation/activation of the BH3-only protein Bim. In this context, TNFα could exacerbate hepatocyte cell death during simultaneous inflammatory and T-cell-mediated immune responses in the liver. Here we show that TNFα sensitizes primary hepatocytes, established hepatocyte cell lines and mouse embryo fibroblasts to FasL-induced apoptosis by the transcriptional induction and higher surface expression of Fas via the NFκB pathway. Genetic deletion, diminished expression or dominant-negative inhibition of the NFκB subunit p65 resulted in lower Fas expression and inhibited TNFα-induced Fas upregulation and sensitization to FasL-induced cell death. By hydrodynamic injection of p65 shRNA into the tail vein of mice, we confirm that Fas upregulation by TNFα is also NFκB-mediated in the liver. In conclusion, TNFα sensitization of FasL-induced apoptosis in the liver proceeds via two parallel signaling pathways, activation of JNK and Bim phosphorylation and NFκB-mediated Fas upregulation.
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17
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Knaack H, Lenk L, Philipp LM, Miarka L, Rahn S, Viol F, Hauser C, Egberts JH, Gundlach JP, Will O, Tiwari S, Mikulits W, Schumacher U, Hengstler JG, Sebens S. Liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer: the hepatic microenvironment impacts differentiation and self-renewal capacity of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31771-31786. [PMID: 30167093 PMCID: PMC6114965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages with the liver as the main site of metastases. The hepatic microenvironment has been shown to determine outgrowth of liver metastases. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential for initiation and maintenance of tumors and acquisition of CSC-properties has been linked to Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition. Thus, this study aimed at elucidating whether and how the hepatic microenvironment impacts stemness and differentiation of disseminated pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). Culture of premalignant H6c7-kras and malignant Panc1 PDECs together with hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) promoted self-renewal capacity of both PDEC lines. This was indicated by higher colony formation compared to cells cocultured with hepatocytes and hepatic myofibroblasts. Different Panc1 colony types derived from an HSC-enriched coculture were expanded and characterized revealing that holoclones exhibited an enhanced colony formation ability, elevated and exclusive expression of the CSC-marker Nestin and a more pronounced mesenchymal phenotype compared to paraclones. Moreover, Panc1 holoclone cells showed an increased tumorigenic potential in vivo leading to formation of undifferentiated tumors in 7/10 animals, while inoculation of paraclone cells only led to formation of tumors in 2/10 animals being smaller in number and size. Holoclone tumors were characterized by elevated expression of mesenchymal markers, complete loss of E-cadherin expression and high expression of Nestin. Finally, Etanercept-mediated TNF-α blocking partly reversed the mesenchymal CSC-phenotype of Panc1 holoclone cells. Overall, these data provide evidence that the hepatic microenvironment determines stemness and differentiation of PDECs, thereby substantially contributing to liver metastases of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrike Knaack
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- Department of Pediatrics, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Philipp
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lauritz Miarka
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabrice Viol
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Egberts
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Clinic of Radiology and Neuroradiology, CAU and UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Clinic of Radiology and Neuroradiology, CAU and UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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18
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Kreutz C, MacNelly S, Follo M, Wäldin A, Binninger-Lacour P, Timmer J, Bartolomé-Rodríguez MM. Hepatocyte Ploidy Is a Diversity Factor for Liver Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:862. [PMID: 29163206 PMCID: PMC5671579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy, the existence of cells containing more than one pair of chromosomes, is a well-known feature of mammalian hepatocytes. Polyploid hepatocytes are found either as cells with a single polyploid nucleus or as multinucleated cells with diploid or even polyploid nuclei. In this study, we evaluate the degree of polyploidy in the murine liver by accounting both DNA content and number of nuclei per cell. We demonstrate that mouse hepatocytes with diploid nuclei have distinct metabolic characteristics compared to cells with polyploid nuclei. In addition to strong differential gene expression, comprising metabolic as well as signaling compounds, we found a strongly decreased insulin binding of nuclear polyploid cells. Our observations were associated with nuclear ploidy but not with total ploidy within a cell. We therefore suggest ploidy of the nuclei as an new diversity factor of hepatocytes and hypothesize that hepatocytes with polyploid nuclei may have distinct biological functions than mono-nuclear ones. This diversity is independent from the well-known heterogeneity related to the cells' position along the porto-central liver-axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kreutz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine MacNelly
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Clinic for Internal Medicine I/Lighthouse Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Wäldin
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Binninger-Lacour
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - María M. Bartolomé-Rodríguez
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Sobotta S, Raue A, Huang X, Vanlier J, Jünger A, Bohl S, Albrecht U, Hahnel MJ, Wolf S, Mueller NS, D'Alessandro LA, Mueller-Bohl S, Boehm ME, Lucarelli P, Bonefas S, Damm G, Seehofer D, Lehmann WD, Rose-John S, van der Hoeven F, Gretz N, Theis FJ, Ehlting C, Bode JG, Timmer J, Schilling M, Klingmüller U. Model Based Targeting of IL-6-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Primary Hepatocytes to Improve Application of the JAK Inhibitor Ruxolitinib. Front Physiol 2017; 8:775. [PMID: 29062282 PMCID: PMC5640784 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is a central mediator of the immediate induction of hepatic acute phase proteins (APP) in the liver during infection and after injury, but increased IL-6 activity has been associated with multiple pathological conditions. In hepatocytes, IL-6 activates JAK1-STAT3 signaling that induces the negative feedback regulator SOCS3 and expression of APPs. While different inhibitors of IL-6-induced JAK1-STAT3-signaling have been developed, understanding their precise impact on signaling dynamics requires a systems biology approach. Here we present a mathematical model of IL-6-induced JAK1-STAT3 signaling that quantitatively links physiological IL-6 concentrations to the dynamics of IL-6-induced signal transduction and expression of target genes in hepatocytes. The mathematical model consists of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE) and the model parameters were estimated by a maximum likelihood approach, whereas identifiability of the dynamic model parameters was ensured by the Profile Likelihood. Using model simulations coupled with experimental validation we could optimize the long-term impact of the JAK-inhibitor Ruxolitinib, a therapeutic compound that is quickly metabolized. Model-predicted doses and timing of treatments helps to improve the reduction of inflammatory APP gene expression in primary mouse hepatocytes close to levels observed during regenerative conditions. The concept of improved efficacy of the inhibitor through multiple treatments at optimized time intervals was confirmed in primary human hepatocytes. Thus, combining quantitative data generation with mathematical modeling suggests that repetitive treatment with Ruxolitinib is required to effectively target excessive inflammatory responses without exceeding doses recommended by the clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svantje Sobotta
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Raue
- Discovery Division, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joep Vanlier
- Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Jünger
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohl
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Hahnel
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wolf
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikola S Mueller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorenza A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Mueller-Bohl
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin E Boehm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Bonefas
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf D Lehmann
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank van der Hoeven
- Transgenic Service, Center for Preclinical Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Ehlting
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Orsini M, Sperber S, Noor F, Hoffmann E, Weber SN, Hall RA, Lammert F, Heinzle E. Proteomic Characterization of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes in Collagen Monolayer and Sandwich Culture. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:447-454. [PMID: 28594086 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in vitro makes their application in long-term studies difficult. Embedding hepatocytes in a sandwich of extracellular matrix is reported to delay the dedifferentiation process to some extent. In this study, we compared the intracellular proteome of primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) in conventional monolayer cultures (ML) to collagen sandwich culture (SW) after 1 day and 5 days of cultivation. Quantitative proteome analysis of PMH showed no differences between collagen SW and ML cultures after 1 day. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were strongly affected by long-term cultivation in both ML and SW cultures. Interestingly, culture conditions had no effect on cellular lipid metabolism. After 5 days, PMH in collagen SW and ML cultures exhibit characteristic indications of oxidative stress. However, in the SW culture the defense system against oxidative stress is significantly up-regulated to deal with this, whereas in the ML culture a down-regulation of these important enzymes takes place. Regarding the multiple effects of ROS and oxidative stress in cells, we conclude that the down-regulation of these enzymes seem to play a role in the loss of hepatic function observed in the ML cultivation. In addition, enzymes of the urea cycle were clearly down-regulated in ML culture. Proteomics confirms lack in oxidative stress defense mechanisms as the major characteristic of hepatocytes in monolayer cultures compared to sandwich cultures. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 447-454, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malina Orsini
- Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Saskia Sperber
- Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Fozia Noor
- Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Esther Hoffmann
- Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Susanne N Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Rabea A Hall
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Elmar Heinzle
- Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
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21
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Wang YJ, Bian Y, Luo J, Lu M, Xiong Y, Guo SY, Yin HY, Lin X, Li Q, Chang CCY, Chang TY, Li BL, Song BL. Cholesterol and fatty acids regulate cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 through competitive oxidation. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:808-819. [PMID: 28604676 PMCID: PMC5518634 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin linkage to cysteine is an unconventional modification targeting protein for degradation. However, the physiological regulation of cysteine ubiquitylation is still mysterious. Here we found that ACAT2, a cellular enzyme converting cholesterol and fatty acid to cholesteryl esters, was ubiquitylated on Cys277 for degradation when the lipid level was low. gp78-Insigs catalysed Lys48-linked polyubiquitylation on this Cys277. A high concentration of cholesterol and fatty acid, however, induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidized Cys277, resulting in ACAT2 stabilization and subsequently elevated cholesteryl esters. Furthermore, ACAT2 knockout mice were more susceptible to high-fat diet-associated insulin resistance. By contrast, expression of a constitutively stable form of ACAT2 (C277A) resulted in higher insulin sensitivity. Together, these data indicate that lipid-induced stabilization of ACAT2 ameliorates lipotoxicity from excessive cholesterol and fatty acid. This unconventional cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 constitutes an important mechanism for sensing lipid-overload-induced ROS and fine-tuning lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Yong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Catherine CY Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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22
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Vu LT, Orbach SM, Ray WK, Cassin ME, Rajagopalan P, Helm RF. The hepatocyte proteome in organotypic rat liver models and the influence of the local microenvironment. Proteome Sci 2017; 15:12. [PMID: 28649179 PMCID: PMC5480101 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-017-0120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver models that closely mimic the in vivo microenvironment are useful for understanding liver functions, capabilities, and intercellular communication processes. Three-dimensional (3D) liver models assembled using hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) separated by a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) provide a functional system while also permitting isolation of individual cell types for proteomic analyses. METHODS To better understand the mechanisms and processes that underlie liver model function, hepatocytes were maintained as monolayers and 3D PEM-based formats in the presence or absence of primary LSECs. The resulting hepatocyte proteomes, the proteins in the PEM, and extracellular levels of urea, albumin and glucose after three days of culture were compared. RESULTS All systems were ketogenic and found to release glucose. The presence of the PEM led to increases in proteins associated with both mitochondrial and peroxisomal-based β-oxidation. The PEMs also limited production of structural and migratory proteins associated with dedifferentiation. The presence of LSECs increased levels of Phase I and Phase II biotransformation enzymes as well as several proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular matrix remodeling. The proteomic analysis of the PEMs indicated that there was no significant change after three days of culture. These results are discussed in relation to liver model function. CONCLUSIONS Heterotypic cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions exert different effects on hepatocyte functions and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T. Vu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Sophia M. Orbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
| | - W. Keith Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Margaret E. Cassin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
- ICTAS Center for Systems Biology and Engineered Tissues, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Richard F. Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
- ICTAS Center for Systems Biology and Engineered Tissues, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
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23
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GONZÁLEZ-AVALOS P, MÜRNSEER M, DEEG J, BACHMANN A, SPATZ J, DOOLEY S, EILS R, GLADILIN E. Quantification of substrate and cellular strains in stretchable 3D cell cultures: an experimental and computational framework. J Microsc 2017; 266:115-125. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. GONZÁLEZ-AVALOS
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center; Mathematikon - Berliner Str. 41 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- BioQuant and IPMB; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Current address: COS; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 230 Germany
| | - M. MÜRNSEER
- Mol. Hepatol., Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - J. DEEG
- Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems; Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. BACHMANN
- Mol. Hepatol., Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; 68167 Mannheim Germany
- Current address: BG Trauma Centre; University of Tübingen; Schnarrenbergstr. 95 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - J. SPATZ
- Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems; Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - S. DOOLEY
- Mol. Hepatol., Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - R. EILS
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center; Mathematikon - Berliner Str. 41 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- BioQuant and IPMB; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - E. GLADILIN
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center; Mathematikon - Berliner Str. 41 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- BioQuant and IPMB; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Current address: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Gatersleben Germany
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24
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Kulawik A, Engesser R, Ehlting C, Raue A, Albrecht U, Hahn B, Lehmann WD, Gaestel M, Klingmüller U, Häussinger D, Timmer J, Bode JG. IL-1β-induced and p38 MAPK-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) in hepatocytes: Signal transduction with robust and concentration-independent signal amplification. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6291-6302. [PMID: 28223354 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1β induced activation of the p38MAPK/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway in hepatocytes is important for control of the acute phase response and regulation of liver regeneration. Many aspects of the regulatory relevance of this pathway have been investigated in immune cells in the context of inflammation. However, very little is known about concentration-dependent activation kinetics and signal propagation in hepatocytes and the role of MK2. We established a mathematical model for IL-1β-induced activation of the p38MAPK/MK2 pathway in hepatocytes that was calibrated to quantitative data on time- and IL-1β concentration-dependent phosphorylation of p38MAPK and MK2 in primary mouse hepatocytes. This analysis showed that, in hepatocytes, signal transduction from IL-1β via p38MAPK to MK2 is characterized by strong signal amplification. Quantification of p38MAPK and MK2 revealed that, in hepatocytes, at maximum, 11.3% of p38MAPK molecules and 36.5% of MK2 molecules are activated in response to IL-1β. The mathematical model was experimentally validated by employing phosphatase inhibitors and the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Model simulations predicted an IC50 of 1-1.2 μm for SB203580 in hepatocytes. In silico analyses and experimental validation demonstrated that the kinase activity of p38MAPK determines signal amplitude, whereas phosphatase activity affects both signal amplitude and duration. p38MAPK and MK2 concentrations and responsiveness toward IL-1β were quantitatively compared between hepatocytes and macrophages. In macrophages, the absolute p38MAPK and MK2 concentration was significantly higher. Finally, in line with experimental observations, the mathematical model predicted a significantly higher half-maximal effective concentration for IL-1β-induced pathway activation in macrophages compared with hepatocytes, underscoring the importance of cell type-specific differences in pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kulawik
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raphael Engesser
- the Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,the BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ehlting
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Raue
- the Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Gaestel
- the Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany, and
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- the Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,the BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany,
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Ekim Üstünel B, Friedrich K, Maida A, Wang X, Krones-Herzig A, Seibert O, Sommerfeld A, Jones A, Sijmonsma TP, Sticht C, Gretz N, Fleming T, Nawroth PP, Stremmel W, Rose AJ, Berriel-Diaz M, Blüher M, Herzig S. Control of diabetic hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance through TSC22D4. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13267. [PMID: 27827363 PMCID: PMC5105165 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance represents the core component of the metabolic syndrome, promoting glucose intolerance, pancreatic beta cell failure and type 2 diabetes. Efficient and safe insulin sensitization and glucose control remain critical therapeutic aims to prevent diabetic late complications Here, we identify transforming growth factor beta-like stimulated clone (TSC) 22 D4 as a molecular determinant of insulin signalling and glucose handling. Hepatic TSC22D4 inhibition both prevents and reverses hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in diabetes mouse models. TSC22D4 exerts its effects on systemic glucose homeostasis—at least in part—through the direct transcriptional regulation of the small secretory protein lipocalin 13 (LCN13). Human diabetic patients display elevated hepatic TSC22D4 expression, which correlates with decreased insulin sensitivity, hyperglycaemia and LCN13 serum levels. Our results establish TSC22D4 as a checkpoint in systemic glucose metabolism in both mice and humans, and propose TSC22D4 inhibition as an insulin sensitizing option in diabetes therapy. TSC22D4 regulates hepatic lipoprotein production, but has so far mainly been studied in the context of cancer cachexia. Here, the authors show TSC22D4 inhibition improves insulin sensitivity in several mouse models of diabetes, which they attribute at least in part to the induction of secreted LCN13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgen Ekim Üstünel
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kilian Friedrich
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriano Maida
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Krones-Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Seibert
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anke Sommerfeld
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Allan Jones
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd P Sijmonsma
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam J Rose
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel-Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine I, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Liu TY, Xiong XQ, Ren XS, Zhao MX, Shi CX, Wang JJ, Zhou YB, Zhang F, Han Y, Gao XY, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. FNDC5 Alleviates Hepatosteatosis by Restoring AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Lipogenesis in Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:3262-3275. [PMID: 27504012 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) protein induces browning of subcutaneous fat and mediates the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. However, whether FNDC5 is associated with hepatic steatosis, autophagy, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and lipogenesis remains unknown. Herein, we show the roles and mechanisms of FNDC5 in hepatic steatosis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. Fasted FNDC5-/- mice exhibited severe steatosis, reduced autophagy, and FAO, and enhanced lipogenesis in the liver compared with wild-type mice. Energy deprivation-induced autophagy, FAO, and AMPK activity were attenuated in FNDC5-/- hepatocytes, which were restored by activating AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 with rapamycin enhanced autophagy and FAO and attenuated lipogenesis and steatosis in FNDC5-/- livers. FNDC5 deficiency exacerbated hyperlipemia, hepatic FAO and autophagy impairment, hepatic lipogenesis, and lipid accumulation in obese mice. Exogenous FNDC5 stimulated autophagy and FAO gene expression in hepatocytes and repaired the attenuated autophagy and palmitate-induced steatosis in FNDC5-/- hepatocytes. FNDC5 overexpression prevented hyperlipemia, hepatic FAO and autophagy impairment, hepatic lipogenesis, and lipid accumulation in obese mice. These results indicate that FNDC5 deficiency impairs autophagy and FAO and enhances lipogenesis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. FNDC5 deficiency aggravates whereas FNDC5 overexpression prevents the HFD-induced hyperlipemia, hepatic lipid accumulation, and impaired FAO and autophagy in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Xiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Maida A, Zota A, Sjøberg KA, Schumacher J, Sijmonsma TP, Pfenninger A, Christensen MM, Gantert T, Fuhrmeister J, Rothermel U, Schmoll D, Heikenwälder M, Iovanna JL, Stemmer K, Kiens B, Herzig S, Rose AJ. A liver stress-endocrine nexus promotes metabolic integrity during dietary protein dilution. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3263-78. [PMID: 27548521 DOI: 10.1172/jci85946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein intake is linked to an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although dietary protein dilution (DPD) can slow the progression of some aging-related disorders, whether this strategy affects the development and risk for obesity-associated metabolic disease such as T2D is unclear. Here, we determined that DPD in mice and humans increases serum markers of metabolic health. In lean mice, DPD promoted metabolic inefficiency by increasing carbohydrate and fat oxidation. In nutritional and polygenic murine models of obesity, DPD prevented and curtailed the development of impaired glucose homeostasis independently of obesity and food intake. DPD-mediated metabolic inefficiency and improvement of glucose homeostasis were independent of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), but required expression of liver-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in both lean and obese mice. FGF21 expression and secretion as well as the associated metabolic remodeling induced by DPD also required induction of liver-integrated stress response-driven nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1). Insufficiency of select nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) was necessary and adequate for NUPR1 and subsequent FGF21 induction and secretion in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that DPD promotes improved glucose homeostasis through an NEAA insufficiency-induced liver NUPR1/FGF21 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ashworth
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, U.K
- COMPLEX (Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology); University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Carlos Perez-Galvan
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Nathan Davies
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, U.K
| | - Ian David Lockhart Bogle
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
- COMPLEX (Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology); University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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29
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Matz-Soja M, Rennert C, Schönefeld K, Aleithe S, Boettger J, Schmidt-Heck W, Weiss TS, Hovhannisyan A, Zellmer S, Klöting N, Schulz A, Kratzsch J, Guthke R, Gebhardt R. Hedgehog signaling is a potent regulator of liver lipid metabolism and reveals a GLI-code associated with steatosis. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27185526 PMCID: PMC4869931 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in industrialized countries and is increasing in prevalence. The pathomechanisms, however, are poorly understood. This study assessed the unexpected role of the Hedgehog pathway in adult liver lipid metabolism. Using transgenic mice with conditional hepatocyte-specific deletion of Smoothened in adult mice, we showed that hepatocellular inhibition of Hedgehog signaling leads to steatosis by altering the abundance of the transcription factors GLI1 and GLI3. This steatotic 'Gli-code' caused the modulation of a complex network of lipogenic transcription factors and enzymes, including SREBP1 and PNPLA3, as demonstrated by microarray analysis and siRNA experiments and could be confirmed in other steatotic mouse models as well as in steatotic human livers. Conversely, activation of the Hedgehog pathway reversed the "Gli-code" and mitigated hepatic steatosis. Collectively, our results reveal that dysfunctions in the Hedgehog pathway play an important role in hepatic steatosis and beyond. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13308.001 The liver is one of the main organs responsible for processing everything that mammals eat and drink. Nutrients absorbed by the gut like sugars and lipids (fats) are processed by the liver and are stored or distributed to provide energy to other organs. Sometimes these metabolic processes become unbalanced. This can lead to lipids accumulating in the liver – a process known as steatosis, which is a feature of human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In organs like the liver, cells are instructed how to behave via signaling pathways. A protein outside the cell signals to specific proteins inside, which switch on a set of target genes. One such pathway is the Hedgehog pathway, which primarily regulates tissue regeneration and the development of embryos. A component of this pathway is the Smoothened gene, which indirectly switches on proteins called GLI factors that regulate metabolic genes, including those involved in lipid metabolism. The Hedgehog pathway has been found to control the metabolism of lipids in fat tissue but it is not known whether it is important for lipid metabolism in the liver. Matz-Soja et al. investigated this possible role of the Hedgehog pathway in the liver using mice with a Smoothened gene that could be deleted specifically in that organ. This deletion disrupted Hedgehog signaling and led to lipids accumulating in the liver and eventually to steatosis. These changes were associated with an increase in the amounts and activityof several enzymes (and the proteins that regulate these enzymes) that help to synthesize lipids. Steatosis was also associated with low amounts of two of the three GLI factors; indeed, this seems to be key for triggering problems with lipid metabolism. Human livers with steatosis showed the same changes in levels of the GLI factors. Increasing the amount of GLI factors in liver cells taken from mice with steatosis reduced the accumulation of lipids and brought lipid metabolism back to its normal balance. A focus of future studies will be to understand how the Hedgehog signaling pathway interacts with other signaling pathways known to regulate liver lipid metabolism, such as insulin signaling. This knowledge will help clinicians to design new treatments for lipid-associated diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13308.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Rennert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schönefeld
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Aleithe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Boettger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- University Children Hospital, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Amalya Hovhannisyan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zellmer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhardt Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Fridlyand LE, Philipson LH. Pancreatic Beta Cell G-Protein Coupled Receptors and Second Messenger Interactions: A Systems Biology Computational Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152869. [PMID: 27138453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretory in pancreatic beta-cells responses to nutrient stimuli and hormonal modulators include multiple messengers and signaling pathways with complex interdependencies. Here we present a computational model that incorporates recent data on glucose metabolism, plasma membrane potential, G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCR), cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum calcium dynamics, cAMP and phospholipase C pathways that regulate interactions between second messengers in pancreatic beta-cells. The values of key model parameters were inferred from published experimental data. The model gives a reasonable fit to important aspects of experimentally measured metabolic and second messenger concentrations and provides a framework for analyzing the role of metabolic, hormones and neurotransmitters changes on insulin secretion. Our analysis of the dynamic data provides support for the hypothesis that activation of Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclases play a critical role in modulating the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and catecholamines. The regulatory properties of adenylyl cyclase isoforms determine fluctuations in cytoplasmic cAMP concentration and reveal a synergistic action of glucose, GLP-1 and GIP on insulin secretion. On the other hand, the regulatory properties of phospholipase C isoforms determine the interaction of glucose, acetylcholine and free fatty acids (FFA) (that act through the FFA receptors) on insulin secretion. We found that a combination of GPCR agonists activating different messenger pathways can stimulate insulin secretion more effectively than a combination of GPCR agonists for a single pathway. This analysis also suggests that the activators of GLP-1, GIP and FFA receptors may have a relatively low risk of hypoglycemia in fasting conditions whereas an activator of muscarinic receptors can increase this risk. This computational analysis demonstrates that study of second messenger pathway interactions will improve understanding of critical regulatory sites, how different GPCRs interact and pharmacological targets for modulating insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
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31
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Zhang Q, Qu Y, Li Z, Zhang Q, Xu M, Cai X, Li F, Lu L. Isolation and Culture of Single Cell Types from Rat Liver. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:253-67. [DOI: 10.1159/000444672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been few reports on the simultaneous isolation of multiple liver cell populations thus far. As such, this study was aimed at establishing a protocol for the simultaneous separation of hepatocytes (HCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs) from the rat liver and assessing the in vitro culture of these cells. Single-cell suspensions from the liver were obtained by ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid/collagenase perfusion. After low-speed centrifugal separation of HCs, pronase was added to the nonparenchymal cell fraction to eliminate the remaining HCs. Subsequently, HSCs, LSECs and KCs were purified by two steps of density gradient centrifugation using Nycodenz and Percoll in addition to selective attachment. Pronase treatment increased the HSC yield (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3 cells/g liver, p < 0.05) and improved LSEC purity (93.6 ± 3.6 vs. 82.5 ± 5.6%, p < 0.01). The isolated cells could also be cultured in vitro. LSEC apoptosis began on day 3 and reached a maximum on day 7. A few surviving LSECs began proliferating and split to form a cobblestone, sheet-like appearance on day 14. The LSECs on day 14 lost fenestrations but retained scavenger function. Thus, viable and purified liver cells were obtained with a high yield from the rat liver using the developed method, which may be useful for studying the physiology and pathology of the liver in the future.
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32
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Iwamoto N, D'Alessandro LA, Depner S, Hahn B, Kramer BA, Lucarelli P, Vlasov A, Stepath M, Böhm ME, Deharde D, Damm G, Seehofer D, Lehmann WD, Klingmüller U, Schilling M. Context-specific flow through the MEK/ERK module produces cell- and ligand-specific patterns of ERK single and double phosphorylation. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra13. [PMID: 26838549 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The same pathway, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, can produce different cellular responses, depending on stimulus or cell type. We examined the phosphorylation dynamics of the MAPK kinase MEK and its targets extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in primary hepatocytes and the transformed keratinocyte cell line HaCaT A5 exposed to either hepatocyte growth factor or interleukin-6. By combining quantitative mass spectrometry with dynamic modeling, we elucidated network structures for the reversible threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK in both cell types. In addition to differences in the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions, the HaCaT network model required two feedback mechanisms, which, as the experimental data suggested, involved the induction of the dual-specificity phosphatase DUSP6 and the scaffold paxillin. We assayed and modeled the accumulation of the double-phosphorylated and active form of ERK1/2, as well as the dynamics of the changes in the monophosphorylated forms of ERK1/2. Modeling the differences in the dynamics of the changes in the distributions of the phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2 suggested that different amounts of MEK activity triggered context-specific responses, with primary hepatocytes favoring the formation of double-phosphorylated ERK1/2 and HaCaT A5 cells that produce both the threonine-phosphorylated and the double-phosphorylated form. These differences in phosphorylation distributions explained the threshold, sensitivity, and saturation of the ERK response. We extended the findings of differential ERK phosphorylation profiles to five additional cultured cell systems and matched liver tumor and normal tissue, which revealed context-specific patterns of the various forms of phosphorylated ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Iwamoto
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenza A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofia Depner
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hahn
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard A Kramer
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artyom Vlasov
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Stepath
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin E Böhm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Deharde
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolf D Lehmann
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Arbo MD, Melega S, Stöber R, Schug M, Rempel E, Rahnenführer J, Godoy P, Reif R, Cadenas C, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carmo H, Hengstler JG. Hepatotoxicity of piperazine designer drugs: up-regulation of key enzymes of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:3045-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cho Y, Yoon JH, Yoo JJ, Lee M, Lee DH, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Kim YJ, Kim CY. Fucoidan protects hepatocytes from apoptosis and inhibits invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by up-regulating p42/44 MAPK-dependent NDRG-1/CAP43. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:544-53. [PMID: 26713269 PMCID: PMC4675821 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a traditional Chinese medicine suggested to possess anti-tumor effects. In this study the anti-metastatic effects of fucoidan were investigated in vitro in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (Huh-7 and SNU-761) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in vivo using a distant liver metastasis model involving injection of MH134 cells into spleen via the portal vein. Its ability to protect hepatocytes against bile acid (BA)-induced apoptosis was investigated in primary hepatocytes. Fucoidan was found to suppress the invasion of HCC cells through up-regulation of p42/44 MAPK-dependent NDRG-1/CAP43 and partly, under normoxic conditions, through up-regulation of p42/44 MAPK-dependent VMP-1 expression. It also significantly decreased liver metastasis in vivo. As regards its hepatoprotective effect, fucoidan decreased BA-induced hepatocyte apoptosis as shown by the attenuation of caspase-8, and -7 cleavages and suppression of the mobilization of caspase-8 and Fas associated death domain (FADD) into the death-inducing signaling complex. In summary, fucoidan displays inhibitory effects on proliferation of HCC cells and protective effects on hepatocytes. The results suggest fucoidan is a potent suppressor of tumor invasion with hepatoprotective effects.
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Key Words
- BA, bile acid
- CXCL, chemokine ligand
- Cultured hepatocyte
- DISC, death-inducing signaling complex
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle׳s medium
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FADD, Fas associated death domain
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- Fucoidan
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GP, glypican
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatoprotective
- Hypoxia
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Invasion
- JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MTS, 3,4-(5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt
- NDRG, N-myc downstream-regulated gene
- NDRG-1/CAP43
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- VMP, vacuole membrane protein
- VMP-1
- WME, William's medium E
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 2 2072 2228; fax: +82 2 743 6701.
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Friedmann E. PDE/ODE modeling and simulation to determine the role of diffusion in long-term and -range cellular signaling. BMC Biophys 2015; 8:10. [PMID: 26473028 PMCID: PMC4606510 DOI: 10.1186/s13628-015-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background We study the relevance of diffusion for the dynamics of signaling pathways. Mathematical modeling of cellular diffusion leads to a coupled system of differential equations with Robin boundary conditions which requires a substantial knowledge in mathematical theory. Using our new developed analytical and numerical techniques together with modern experiments, we analyze and quantify various types of diffusive effects in intra- and inter-cellular signaling. The complexity of these models necessitates suitable numerical methods to perform the simulations precisely and within an acceptable period of time. Methods The numerical methods comprise a Galerkin finite element space discretization, an adaptive time stepping scheme and either an iterative operator splitting method or fully coupled multilevel algorithm as solver. Results The simulation outcome allows us to analyze different biological aspects. On the scale of a single cell, we showed the high cytoplasmic concentration gradients in irregular geometries. We found an 11 % maximum relative total STAT5-concentration variation in a fibroblast and a 70 % maximum relative pSTAT5-concentration variation in a fibroblast with an irregular cell shape. For pSMAD2 the maximum relative variation was 18 % in a hepatocyte with a box shape and 70 % in an irregular geometry. This result can be also obtained in a cell with a box shape if the molecules diffuse slowly (with D=1 μm2/s instead of D=15 μm2/s). On a scale of cell system in the lymph node, our simulations showed an inhomogeneous IL-2 pattern with an amount over three orders of magnitude (10−3−1 pM) and high gradients in face of its fast diffusivity. We observed that 20 out of 125 cells were activated after 9 h and 33 in the steady state. Our in-silico experiments showed that the insertion of 31 regulatory T cells in our cell system can completely downregulate the signal. Conclusions We quantify the concentration gradients evolving from the diffusion of the molecules in several signaling pathways. For intracellular signaling pathways with nuclear accumulation the size of cytoplasmic gradients does not indicate the change in gene expression which has to be analyzed separately in future. For intercellular signaling the high cytokine concentration gradients play an essential role in the regulation of the molecular mechanism of the immune response. Furthermore, our simulation results can give the information on which signaling pathway diffusion may play a role. We conclude that a PDE model has to be considered for cells with an irregular shape or for slow diffusing molecules. Also the high gradients inside a cell or in a cell system can play an essential role in the regulation of the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfriede Friedmann
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 294, Heidelberg, Germany
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Cheng YS, Seibert O, Klöting N, Dietrich A, Straßburger K, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell JJ, Zorzano A, Blüher M, Herzig S, Berriel Diaz M, Teleman AA. PPP2R5C Couples Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005561. [PMID: 26440364 PMCID: PMC4595073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the liver plays a central role in maintaining carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis by acting both as a major source and a major sink of glucose and lipids. In particular, when dietary carbohydrates are in excess, the liver converts them to lipids via de novo lipogenesis. The molecular checkpoints regulating the balance between carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis, however, are not fully understood. Here we identify PPP2R5C, a regulatory subunit of PP2A, as a novel modulator of liver metabolism in postprandial physiology. Inactivation of PPP2R5C in isolated hepatocytes leads to increased glucose uptake and increased de novo lipogenesis. These phenotypes are reiterated in vivo, where hepatocyte specific PPP2R5C knockdown yields mice with improved systemic glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, but elevated circulating triglyceride levels. We show that modulation of PPP2R5C levels leads to alterations in AMPK and SREBP-1 activity. We find that hepatic levels of PPP2R5C are elevated in human diabetic patients, and correlate with obesity and insulin resistance in these subjects. In sum, our data suggest that hepatic PPP2R5C represents an important factor in the functional wiring of energy metabolism and the maintenance of a metabolically healthy state. After a meal, dietary glucose travels through the hepatic portal vein to the liver. A substantial part of this glucose is taken up by liver, which converts it to glycogen which is stored, and lipids which are in part stored and in part secreted as VLDL particles. The rest of the organs receive whatever glucose the liver leaves in circulation, plus the secreted lipids. Hence the liver plays a crucial role in determining the balance of sugar versus lipids in the body after a meal. This balance is very important, because too much glucose in circulation leads to diabetic complications whereas too much VLDL increases risk of atherosclerosis. Little is known about how the liver strikes this balance. We identify here a phosphatase—the PP2A holoenzyme containing the PPP2R5C regulatory subunit—as a regulator of this process. We find that knockdown of PPP2R5C in mouse liver specifically causes it to uptake elevated levels of glucose, and secrete elevated levels of VLDL into circulation. This leads to a phenotype of improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The prediction from these functional studies in mice is that elevated levels of PPP2R5C expression should lead to insulin resistance. Indeed, we find that PPP2R5C expression levels are elevated in diabetic patients, or healthy controls with visceral obesity, raising the possibility that dysregulation of PPP2R5C expression in humans may contribute towards metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oksana Seibert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili. Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan J. Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII. Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERDEM, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, and CIBERDEM, Barcelona, , Spain
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany, and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (MBD); (AAT)
| | - Aurelio A. Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (MBD); (AAT)
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Berger E, Vega N, Weiss-Gayet M, Géloën A. Gene Network Analysis of Glucose Linked Signaling Pathways and Their Role in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth and Survival in HuH7 and HepG2 Cell Lines. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:821761. [PMID: 26380295 DOI: 10.1155/2015/821761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression may be affected by metabolism. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of glucose on the proliferation and/or survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Human gene datasets regulated by glucose were compared to gene datasets either dysregulated in HCC or regulated by other signaling pathways. Significant numbers of common genes suggested putative involvement in transcriptional regulations by glucose. Real-time proliferation assays using high (4.5 g/L) versus low (1 g/L) glucose on two human HCC cell lines and specific inhibitors of selected pathways were used for experimental validations. High glucose promoted HuH7 cell proliferation but not that of HepG2 cell line. Gene network analyses suggest that gene transcription by glucose could be mediated at 92% through ChREBP in HepG2 cells, compared to 40% in either other human cells or rodent healthy liver, with alteration of LKB1 (serine/threonine kinase 11) and NOX (NADPH oxidases) signaling pathways and loss of transcriptional regulation of PPARGC1A (peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors gamma coactivator 1) target genes by high glucose. Both PPARA and PPARGC1A regulate transcription of genes commonly regulated by glycolysis, by the antidiabetic agent metformin and by NOX, suggesting their major interplay in the control of HCC progression.
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Böttger J, Arnold K, Thiel C, Rennert C, Aleithe S, Hofmann U, Vlaic S, Sales S, Shevchenko A, Matz-Soja M. RNAi in murine hepatocytes: the agony of choice--a study of the influence of lipid-based transfection reagents on hepatocyte metabolism. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1579-88. [PMID: 26233687 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary hepatocyte cell cultures are widely used for studying hepatic diseases with alterations in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, such as diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) provide a potent and specific tool to elucidate the signaling pathways and gene functions involved in these pathologies. Although RNA interference (RNAi) in vitro is frequently used in these investigations, the metabolic alterations elucidated by different siRNA delivery strategies have hardly been investigated in transfected hepatocytes. To elucidate the influence of the most commonly used lipid-based transfection reagents on cultured primary hepatocytes, we studied the cytotoxic effects and transfection efficiencies of INTERFERin(®), Lipofectamine(®)RNAiMAX, and HiPerFect(®). All of these transfection agents displayed low cytotoxicity (5.6-9.0 ± 1.3-3.4%), normal cell viability, and high transfection efficiency (fold change 0.08-0.13 ± 0.03-0.05), and they also favored the satisfactory down-regulation of target gene expression. However, when effects on the metabolome and lipidome were studied, considerable differences were observed among the transfection reagents. Cellular triacylglycerides levels were either up- or down-regulated [maximum fold change: INTERFERin(®) (48 h) 2.55 ± 0.34, HiPerFect(®) (24 h) 0.79 ± 0.08, Lipofectamine(®)RNAiMAX (48 h) 1.48 ± 0.21], and mRNA levels of genes associated with lipid metabolism were differentially affected. Likewise, metabolic functions such as amino acid utilization from were perturbed (alanine, arginine, glycine, ornithine, and pyruvate). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the choice of non-viral siRNA delivery agent is critical in hepatocytes. This should be remembered, especially if RNA silencing is used for studying hepatic lipid homeostasis and its regulation.
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Abstract
Interleukin-6-type cytokines play important roles in the communication between cells of multicellular organisms. They are involved in the regulation of complex cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation and act as key player during inflammation and immune response. A major challenge is to understand how these complex non-linear processes are connected and regulated. Systems biology approaches are used to tackle this challenge in an iterative process of quantitative experimental and mathematical analyses. Here we review quantitative experimental studies and systems biology approaches dealing with the function of Interleukin-6-type cytokines in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. These approaches cover the analyses of signal transduction on a cellular level up to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on a whole organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dittrich
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Hessenkemper
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Fred Schaper
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Schäfer A, Neschen S, Kahle M, Sarioglu H, Gaisbauer T, Imhof A, Adamski J, Hauck SM, Ueffing M. The Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Pathway Enhances Hepatic Insulin Signaling and is Repressed in Insulin-Resistant Mouse Liver. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2764-74. [PMID: 26070664 PMCID: PMC4597150 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well characterized. Here we employed time resolved quantitative proteomic profiling of mice fed a high fat diet to determine which pathways were affected during the transition of the liver to an insulin-resistant state. We identified several metabolic pathways underlying altered protein expression. In order to test the functional impact of a critical subset of these alterations, we focused on the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) eicosanoid pathway, whose deregulation coincided with the onset of hepatic insulin resistance. These results suggested that EETs may be positive modulators of hepatic insulin signaling. Analyzing EET activity in primary hepatocytes, we found that EETs enhance insulin signaling on the level of Akt. In contrast, EETs did not influence insulin receptor or insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation. This effect was mediated through the eicosanoids, as overexpression of the deregulated enzymes in absence of arachidonic acid had no impact on insulin signaling. The stimulation of insulin signaling by EETs and depression of the pathway in insulin resistant liver suggest a likely role in hepatic insulin resistance. Our findings support therapeutic potential for inhibiting EET degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schäfer
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ¶Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg
| | - Melanie Kahle
- §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ¶Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gaisbauer
- §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ¶Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg
| | - Axel Imhof
- ‖Munich Center of Integrated Protein Science, Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany, Schillerstraβe 44, 80336 Munich
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ¶Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; **Institute of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Marius Ueffing
- From the ‡Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany, Ingolstädter Landstr.1 8674 Neuherberg; §German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; ‡‡Centre of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany, Röntgenweg 11,72076 Tübingen
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Ehlting C, Böhmer O, Hahnel MJ, Thomas M, Zanger UM, Gaestel M, Knoefel WT, Schulte Am Esch J, Häussinger D, Bode JG. Oncostatin M regulates SOCS3 mRNA stability via the MEK-ERK1/2-pathway independent of p38(MAPK)/MK2. Cell Signal 2015; 27:555-67. [PMID: 25562430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The induction of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)3 expression context dependently involves regulation of SOCS3 transcript stability as previously demonstrated for MAPK activated protein kinase (MK)2-dependent regulation of SOCS3 expression by TNFα (Ehlting et al., 2007). In how far the IL-6-type cytokine OSM, which in contrast to IL-6 is a strong activator of p38(MAPK)/MK2 signalling, also involves regulation of transcript stability and activation of MK2 to induce SOCS3 expression is unclear. In contrast to IL-6, OSM induces SOCS3 expression in murine fibroblasts and in primary human and murine hepatocytes, but not in macrophages because the latter lack the OSM receptor (OSMR)β subunit. Evidence is provided that regulation of OSM-induced expression of SOCS3 involves MEK1- and Erk1/2-mediated stabilization of the SOCS3 transcript. Consistently, OSM-induced stabilization of the SOCS3 transcript is impaired in the presence of inhibitors that specifically block activation of MEK1/2 (U0126) and ERK1/2 (FR180204) or upon knock-down of ERK1/2 expression using specific siRNA. As a potential target site that integrates the stability regulating effect of OSM and OSM-induced activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 a region containing three copies of a pentameric AUUUA motif located within position 2422 and 2541 in closed proximity to the 3' UTR of the SOCS3 transcript has been identified. Unexpectedly, activation of the p38(MAPK)/MK2 pathway, which apart from STAT3 and ERK1/2, is also strongly activated by OSM in human and murine hepatocytes and murine fibroblasts is dispensable for stabilization of the SOCS3 transcript as suggested from inhibitor studies using the p38(MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 or from the analysis of MK2-deficient hepatocytes. However, analysis of MK2-deficient macrophages and hepatocytes revealed that, although MK2 is dispensable for regulation of OSM-induced SOCS3 expression, MK2 is essential for LPS-induced OSM production in macrophages and limits the overall availability of the OSMRβ subunit in hepatocytes. Thus MK2 plays a role for the induction and sensing of OSM-mediated intercellular signalling between macrophages and hepatocytes during LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehlting
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Böhmer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Hahnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulte Am Esch
- Department of Surgery (A), Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Lutz A, Sanwald J, Thomas M, Feuer R, Sawodny O, Ederer M, Borner C, Humar M, Merfort I. Interleukin-1β enhances FasL-induced caspase-3/-7 activity without increasing apoptosis in primary mouse hepatocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115603. [PMID: 25551609 PMCID: PMC4281199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained inflammation may increase the susceptibility of hepatocytes to apoptotic cell death and therefore exacerbate liver damage. Here we report that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β sensitizes primary murine hepatocytes to Fas ligand (FasL)-induced caspase-3/-7 activity. This process was dependent on JNK1/2 and the BH3-only proteins Bim and Bid. Mathematical modeling revealed that incubation of hepatocytes with IL-1β depleted the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein pool and thus shifted hepatocytes to mitochondrial type II apoptosis following Fas activation. As a consequence, IL-1β and FasL treatment enhanced cytochrome c release. Surprisingly, despite increased caspase-3/-7 activation, FasL-induced cell death was reduced by IL-1β pre-treatment. This protective effect was independent of JNK1/2, Bim or Bid. Furthermore, elevated caspase-3/-7 activity upon IL-1β and FasL treatment did not result in enhanced PARP cleavage. The protective effect of IL-1β was seen after 3 h of pre-incubation, indicating an anti-apoptotic transcriptional response. Indeed, NF-κB DNA binding was increased in response to IL-1β plus FasL and gene-expression profiling of NF-κB regulated genes revealed a transcriptional and translational upregulation of the caspase-8 inhibitor A20. A mathematical model was developed to explain the contradictious occurrence of both increased caspase-3/-7 activity and elevated cell viability by including a heterogeneous distribution of Bcl-2 proteins and variations in Fas signaling resulting in different subpopulations of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Sanwald
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ronny Feuer
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Sawodny
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Ederer
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Bioss – Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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de Guia RM, Rose AJ, Sommerfeld A, Seibert O, Strzoda D, Zota A, Feuchter Y, Krones-Herzig A, Sijmonsma T, Kirilov M, Sticht C, Gretz N, Dallinga-Thie G, Diederichs S, Klöting N, Blüher M, Berriel Diaz M, Herzig S. microRNA-379 couples glucocorticoid hormones to dysfunctional lipid homeostasis. EMBO J 2014; 34:344-60. [PMID: 25510864 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, glucocorticoids (GCs) and their intracellular receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), represent critical checkpoints in the endocrine control of energy homeostasis. Indeed, aberrant GC action is linked to severe metabolic stress conditions as seen in Cushing's syndrome, GC therapy and certain components of the Metabolic Syndrome, including obesity and insulin resistance. Here, we identify the hepatic induction of the mammalian conserved microRNA (miR)-379/410 genomic cluster as a key component of GC/GR-driven metabolic dysfunction. Particularly, miR-379 was up-regulated in mouse models of hyperglucocorticoidemia and obesity as well as human liver in a GC/GR-dependent manner. Hepatocyte-specific silencing of miR-379 substantially reduced circulating very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-associated triglyceride (TG) levels in healthy mice and normalized aberrant lipid profiles in metabolically challenged animals, mediated through miR-379 effects on key receptors in hepatic TG re-uptake. As hepatic miR-379 levels were also correlated with GC and TG levels in human obese patients, the identification of a GC/GR-controlled miRNA cluster not only defines a novel layer of hormone-dependent metabolic control but also paves the way to alternative miRNA-based therapeutic approaches in metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roldan M de Guia
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam J Rose
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anke Sommerfeld
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Seibert
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Strzoda
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Zota
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Feuchter
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Krones-Herzig
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd Sijmonsma
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milen Kirilov
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Klinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Klinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Sven Diederichs
- Helmholtz-University-Group Molecular RNA Biology and Cancer DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany Institute of Pathology Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Priesnitz C, Sperber S, Garg R, Orsini M, Noor F. Fluorescence based cell counting in collagen monolayer cultures of primary hepatocytes. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:1647-53. [PMID: 25424145 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate determination of cell number is essential for the quantitative description of biological processes. The changes should be related to a measurable reference e.g. in the case of cell culture, the viable cell number is a very valuable reference parameter. Indirect methods of cell number/viability measurements may have up to 10 % standard deviation. This can lead to undesirable large deviations in the analysis of "-omics" data as well as time course studies. Such data should be preferably normalized to the exact viable cell number at a given time to allow meaningful interpretation and understanding of the biological processes. Manual counting of cell number is very laborious and not possible in certain experimental setups. We therefore, developed a simple and reliable fluorescence based method with an accuracy of 95-98 % for the determination of the viable cell number in situ. We optimized the seeding cell densities for primary rat hepatocytes for optimal cell adhesion. This will help in efficient use of primary cells which are usually limited in availability. The method will be very useful in the application of "-omics" techniques, especially metabolome analysis where the specific rates of uptake/production of metabolites can be reliably calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Priesnitz
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - S Sperber
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - R Garg
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - M Orsini
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - F Noor
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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D'Alessandro LA, Hoehme S, Henney A, Drasdo D, Klingmüller U. Unraveling liver complexity from molecular to organ level: challenges and perspectives. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2014; 117:78-86. [PMID: 25433231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological responses are determined by information processing at multiple and highly interconnected scales. Within a tissue the individual cells respond to extracellular stimuli by regulating intracellular signaling pathways that in turn determine cell fate decisions and influence the behavior of neighboring cells. As a consequence the cellular responses critically impact tissue composition and architecture. Understanding the regulation of these mechanisms at different scales is key to unravel the emergent properties of biological systems. In this perspective, a multidisciplinary approach combining experimental data with mathematical modeling is introduced. We report the approach applied within the Virtual Liver Network to analyze processes that regulate liver functions from single cell responses to the organ level using a number of examples. By facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations, the Virtual Liver Network studies liver regeneration and inflammatory processes as well as liver metabolic functions at multiple scales, and thus provides a suitable example to identify challenges and point out potential future application of multi-scale systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Hoehme
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Henney
- Obsidian Biomedical Consulting Ltd., Macclesfield, UK; The German Virtual Liver Network, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Drasdo
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Germany; Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Domaine de Voluceau, 78150 Rocquencourt, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie and CNRS UMR 7598, LJLL, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, 7598 Paris, France
| | - U Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Fisher CP, Kierzek AM, Plant NJ, Moore JB. Systems biology approaches for studying the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15070-15078. [PMID: 25386055 PMCID: PMC4223240 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i41.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive disease of increasing public health concern. In western populations the disease has an estimated prevalence of 20%-40%, rising to 70%-90% in obese and type II diabetic individuals. Simplistically, NAFLD is the macroscopic accumulation of lipid in the liver, and is viewed as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating both the initial development of steatosis and its progression through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to debilitating and potentially fatal fibrosis and cirrhosis are only partially understood. Despite increased research in this field, the development of non-invasive clinical diagnostic tools and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets has been frustratingly slow. We note that, to date, NAFLD research has been dominated by in vivo experiments in animal models and human clinical studies. Systems biology tools and novel computational simulation techniques allow the study of large-scale metabolic networks and the impact of their dysregulation on health. Here we review current systems biology tools and discuss the benefits to their application to the study of NAFLD. We propose that a systems approach utilising novel in silico modelling and simulation techniques is key to a more comprehensive, better targeted NAFLD research strategy. Such an approach will accelerate the progress of research and vital translation into clinic.
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Ott M, Litzenburger UM, Rauschenbach KJ, Bunse L, Ochs K, Sahm F, Pusch S, Opitz CA, Blaes J, von Deimling A, Wick W, Platten M. Suppression of TDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism in glioblastoma cells by a steroid-responsive FKBP52-dependent pathway. Glia 2014; 63:78-90. [PMID: 25132599 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism is increasingly recognized as a key and druggable molecular mechanism active in cancer, immune, and glioneural cells and involved in the modulation of antitumor immunity, autoimmunity and glioneural function. In addition to the pivotal rate limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, expression of tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) has recently been described as an alternative pathway responsible for constitutive tryptophan degradation in malignant gliomas and other types of cancer. In addition, TDO has been implicated as a key regulator of neurotoxicity involved in neurodegenerative diseases and ageing. The pathways regulating TDO expression, however, are largely unknown. Here, a siRNA-based transcription factor profiling in human glioblastoma cells revealed that the expression of human TDO is suppressed by endogenous glucocorticoid signaling. Similarly, treatment of glioblastoma cells with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone led to a reduction of TDO expression and activity in vitro and in vivo. TDO inhibition was dependent on the immunophilin FKBP52, whose FK1 domain physically interacted with the glucocorticoid receptor as demonstrated by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in situ proximity ligation assays. Accordingly, gene expression profile analyses revealed negative correlation of FKBP52 and TDO in glial and neural tumors and in normal brain. Knockdown of FKBP52 and treatment with the FK-binding immunosuppressant FK506 enhanced TDO expression and activity in glioblastoma cells. In summary, we identify a novel steroid-responsive FKBP52-dependent pathway suppressing the expression and activity of TDO, a central and rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan metabolism, in human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ott
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Buck LD, Inman SW, Rusyn I, Griffith LG. Co-regulation of primary mouse hepatocyte viability and function by oxygen and matrix. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1018-27. [PMID: 24222008 PMCID: PMC4110975 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although oxygen and extracellular matrix cues both influence differentiation state and metabolic function of primary rat and human hepatocytes, relatively little is known about how these factors together regulate behaviors of primary mouse hepatocytes in culture. To determine the effects of pericellular oxygen tension on hepatocellular function, we employed two methods of altering oxygen concentration in the local cellular microenvironment of cells cultured in the presence or absence of an extracellular matrix (Matrigel) supplement. By systematically altering medium depth and gas phase oxygen tension, we created multiple oxygen regimes (hypoxic, normoxic, and hyperoxic) and measured the local oxygen concentrations in the pericellular environment using custom-designed oxygen microprobes. From these measurements of oxygen concentrations, we derived values of oxygen consumption rates under a spectrum of environmental contexts, thus providing the first reported estimates of these values for primary mouse hepatocytes. Oxygen tension and matrix microenvironment were found to synergistically regulate hepatocellular survival and function as assessed using quantitative image analysis for cells stained with vital dyes, and assessment of secretion of albumin. Hepatocellular viability was affected only at strongly hypoxic conditions. Surprisingly, albumin secretion rates were greatest at a moderately supra-physiological oxygen concentration, and this effect was mitigated at still greater supra-physiological concentrations. Matrigel enhanced the effects of oxygen on retention of function. This study underscores the importance of carefully controlling cell density, medium depth, and gas phase oxygen, as the effects of these parameters on local pericellular oxygen tension and subsequent hepatocellular function are profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenna D. Buck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S. Walker Inman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda G. Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Jäger J, Greiner V, Strzoda D, Seibert O, Niopek K, Sijmonsma TP, Schäfer M, Jones A, De Guia R, Martignoni M, Dallinga-Thie GM, Diaz MB, Hofmann TG, Herzig S. Hepatic transforming growth factor-β 1 stimulated clone-22 D1 controls systemic cholesterol metabolism. Mol Metab 2014; 3:155-66. [PMID: 24634828 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in lipid homeostasis are hallmarks of severe metabolic disorders and their long-term complications, including obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Whereas elevation of triglyceride (TG)-rich very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular complications, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated cholesterol confers atheroprotection under obese and/or diabetic conditions. Here we show that hepatocyte-specific deficiency of transcription factor transforming growth factor β 1-stimulated clone (TSC) 22 D1 led to a substantial reduction in HDL levels in both wild-type and obese mice, mediated through the transcriptional down-regulation of the HDL formation pathway in liver. Indeed, overexpression of TSC22D1 promoted high levels of HDL cholesterol in healthy animals, and hepatic expression of TSC22D1 was found to be aberrantly regulated in disease models of opposing energy availability. The hepatic TSC22D1 transcription factor complex may thus represent an attractive target in HDL raising strategies in obesity/diabetes-related dyslipidemia and atheroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jäger
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Greiner
- Junior Group Cellular Senescence, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Strzoda
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Seibert
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Niopek
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd P Sijmonsma
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schäfer
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Allan Jones
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roldan De Guia
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | | | - Mauricio B Diaz
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Junior Group Cellular Senescence, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Matz-Soja M, Aleithe S, Marbach E, Böttger J, Arnold K, Schmidt-Heck W, Kratzsch J, Gebhardt R. Hepatic Hedgehog signaling contributes to the regulation of IGF1 and IGFBP1 serum levels. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:11. [PMID: 24548465 PMCID: PMC3946028 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hedgehog signaling plays an important role in embryonic development, organogenesis and cancer. In the adult liver, Hedgehog signaling in non-parenchymal cells has been found to play a role in certain disease states such as fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, whether the Hedgehog pathway is active in mature healthy hepatocytes and is of significance to liver function are controversial. Findings Two types of mice with distinct conditional hepatic deletion of the Smoothened gene, an essential co-receptor protein of the Hedgehog pathway, were generated for investigating the role of Hedgehog signaling in mature hepatocytes. The knockout animals (KO) were inconspicuous and healthy with no changes in serum transaminases, but showed a slower weight gain. The liver was smaller, but presented a normal architecture and cellular composition. By quantitative RT-PCR the downregulation of the expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and the Gli3 transcription factor could be demonstrated in healthy mature hepatocytes from these mice, whereas Patched1 was upregulated. Strong alterations in gene expression were also observed for the IGF axis. While expression of Igf1 was downregulated, that of Igfbp1 was upregulated in the livers of both genders. Corresponding changes in the serum levels of both proteins could be detected by ELISA. By activating and inhibiting the transcriptional output of Hedgehog signaling in cultured hepatocytes through siRNAs against Ptch1 and Gli3, respectively, in combination with a ChIP assay evidence was collected indicating that Igf1 expression is directly dependent on the activator function of Gli3. In contrast, the mRNA level of Igfbp1 appears to be controlled through the repressor function of Gli3, while that of Igfbp2 and Igfbp3 did not change. Interestingly, body weight of the transgenic mice correlated well with IGF-I levels in both genders and also with IGFBP-1 levels in females, whereas it did not correlate with serum growth hormone levels. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time that Hedgehog signaling is active in healthy mature mouse hepatocytes and that it has considerable importance for IGF-I homeostasis in the circulation. These findings may have various implications for mouse physiology including the regulation of body weight and size, glucose homeostasis and reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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