1
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Tung GK, Gandhi G. Baseline and oxidatively damaged DNA in end-stage renal disease patients on varied hemodialysis regimens: a comet assay assessment. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:199-211. [PMID: 37004640 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Global estimates exhibit that one million people have end-stage renal disease, a disease-state characterized by irreversible loss of kidney structure and function, thus necessitating renal replacement therapy. The disease-state, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, as well as the treatment procedure can have damaging effects on the genetic material. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate DNA damage (basal and oxidative) using the comet assay in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients (n = 200) with stage V Chronic Kidney Disease (on dialysis and those recommended but yet to initiate dialysis) and compare it to that in controls (n = 210). Basal DNA damage was significantly elevated (1.13x, p ≤ 0.001) in patients (46.23 ± 0.58% DNA in tail) compared to controls (40.85 ± 0.61% DNA in tail). Oxidative DNA damage was also significantly (p ≤ 0.001) higher in patients (9.18 ± 0.49 vs. 2.59 ± 0.19% tail DNA) compared to controls. Twice-a-week dialysis regimen patients had significantly elevated % tail DNA and Damage Index compared to the non-dialyzed and to the once-a-week dialysis group implying dialysis- induced mechanical stress and blood-dialyzer membrane interactions as probable contributors to elevated DNA damage. The present study with a statistically significant power implies higher disease-associated as well as maintenance therapy (hemodialysis)-induced basal and oxidatively damaged DNA, which if not repaired has the potential to initiate carcinogenesis. These findings mark the need for improvement and development of interventional therapies for delaying disease progression and associated co-morbidities so as to improve life expectancy of patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kaur Tung
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143001, India.
| | - Gursatej Gandhi
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143001, India
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2
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Yüzbaşıoğlu Y, Hazar M, Aydın Dilsiz S, Yücel C, Bulut M, Cetinkaya S, Erdem O, Basaran N. Biomonitoring of Oxidative-Stress-Related Genotoxic Damage in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. TOXICS 2024; 12:69. [PMID: 38251024 PMCID: PMC10819997 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common progressive renal failure characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons can rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease, which is known to be an irreversible renal failure. In the therapy of ESRD, there are controversial suggestions about the use of regular dialysis, since it is claimed to increase oxidative stress, which may increase mortality in patients. In ESRD, oxidative-stress-related DNA damage is expected to occur, along with increased inflammation. Many factors, including heavy metals, have been suggested to exacerbate the damage in kidneys; therefore, it is important to reveal the relationship between these factors in ESRD patients. There are very few studies showing the role of oxidative-stress-related genotoxic events in the progression of ESRD patients. Within the scope of this study, genotoxic damage was evaluated using the comet assay and 8-OHdG measurement in patients with ESRD who were undergoing hemodialysis. The biochemical changes, the levels of heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) in the blood, and the oxidative biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated, and their relationship with genotoxic damages was revealed. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and heavy-metal levels, except mercury, increased significantly in all renal patients. DNA damage, 8OHdG, and MDA significantly increased, and GSH significantly decreased in patients undergoing dialysis, compared with those not having dialysis. The duration and the severity of disease was positively correlated with increased aluminum levels and moderate positively correlated with increased DNA damage and cadmium levels. In conclusion, this study revealed that the oxidative-stress-related DNA damage, and also the levels of Al and Cd, increased in ESRD patients. It is assumed that these changes may play an important role in the progression of renal damage. Approaches for reducing oxidative-stress-related DNA damage and heavy-metal load in ESRD patients are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yücel Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye
| | - Merve Hazar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Cecen University, Ağrı 04100, Türkiye;
| | - Sevtap Aydın Dilsiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Türkiye;
| | - Ciğdem Yücel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye;
| | - Mesudiye Bulut
- Department of Nephrology, Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye;
| | - Serdar Cetinkaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye; (S.C.); (O.E.)
| | - Onur Erdem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye; (S.C.); (O.E.)
| | - Nursen Basaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara 06790, Türkiye;
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3
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Hobson S, Arefin S, Witasp A, Hernandez L, Kublickiene K, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P. Accelerated Vascular Aging in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Potential for Novel Therapies. Circ Res 2023; 132:950-969. [PMID: 37053277 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of vascular disease is linked to accelerated biological aging and a combination of genetic, lifestyle, biological, and environmental risk factors. Within the scenario of uncontrolled artery wall aging processes, CKD (chronic kidney disease) stands out as a valid model for detailed structural, functional, and molecular studies of this process. The cardiorenal syndrome relates to the detrimental bidirectional interplay between the kidney and the cardiovascular system. In addition to established risk factors, this group of patients is subjected to a plethora of other emerging vascular risk factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vitamin K deficiency, cellular senescence, somatic mutations, epigenetic modifications, and increased apoptosis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which the uremic milieu triggers and maintains early vascular aging processes, has provided important new clues on inflammatory pathways and emerging risk factors alike, and to the altered behavior of cells in the arterial wall. Advances in the understanding of the biology of uremic early vascular aging opens avenues to novel pharmacological and nutritional therapeutic interventions. Such strategies hold promise to improve future prevention and treatment of early vascular aging not only in CKD but also in the elderly general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hobson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - S Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - A Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - L Hernandez
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - K Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - P G Shiels
- School of Molecular Biosciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.G.S.)
| | - P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
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4
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Møller P, Stopper H, Collins AR. Measurement of DNA damage with the comet assay in high-prevalence diseases: current status and future directions. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:5-18. [PMID: 31294794 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is widely used in studies on genotoxicity testing, human biomonitoring and clinical studies. The simple version of the assay detects a mixture of DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites; these lesions are typically described as DNA strand breaks to distinguish them from oxidatively damaged DNA that are measured with the enzyme-modified comet assay. This review assesses the association between high-prevalence diseases in high-income countries and DNA damage measured with the comet assay in humans. The majority of case-control studies have assessed genotoxicity in white blood cells. Patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Alzheimer's disease have on average 2-fold higher levels of DNA strand breaks compared with healthy controls. Patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also have 2- to 3-fold higher levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in white blood cells than controls, although there is not a clear difference in DNA damage levels between the different diseases. Case-control studies have shown elevated levels of DNA strand breaks in patients with breast cancer, whereas there are only few studies on colorectal and lung cancers. At present, it is not possible to assess if these neoplastic diseases are associated with a different level of DNA damage compared with non-neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen H, Denmark
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Ishihara H, Yamashita S, Liu YY, Hattori N, El-Omar O, Ikeda T, Fukuda H, Yoshida K, Takagi T, Taneda S, Kondo T, Nagashima Y, Tanabe K, Ushijima T. Genetic and epigenetic profiling indicates the proximal tubule origin of renal cancers in end-stage renal disease. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4276-4287. [PMID: 32860304 PMCID: PMC7648048 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis therapy have a higher incidence of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), which consist of 2 major histopathological types: clear‐cell RCCs (ESRD‐ccRCCs) and acquired cystic disease (ACD)‐associated RCCs. However, their genetic and epigenetic alterations are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated somatic mutations, copy number alterations (CNAs), and DNA methylation profiles in 9 ESRD‐ccRCCs and 7 ACD‐associated RCCs to identify their molecular alterations and cellular origins. Targeted sequencing of 409 cancer‐related genes, including VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, KDM5C, MET, KMT2C (MLL3), and TP53, showed ESRD‐ccRCCs harbored frequent VHL mutations, while ACD‐associated RCCs did not. CNA analysis showed that ESRD‐ccRCCs had a frequent loss of chromosome 3p while ACD‐associated RCCs had a gain of chromosome 16. Beadarray methylation analysis showed that ESRD‐ccRCCs had methylation profiles similar to those of sporadic ccRCCs, while ACD‐associated RCCs had profiles similar to those of papillary RCCs. Expression analysis of genes whose expression levels are characteristic to individual segments of a nephron showed that ESRD‐ccRCCs and ACD‐associated RCCs had high expression of proximal tubule cell marker genes, while chromophobe RCCs had high expression of distal tubule cell/collecting duct cell marker genes. In conclusion, ESRD‐ccRCCs and ACD‐associated RCCs had mutation and methylation profiles similar to those of sporadic ccRCCs and papillary RCCs, respectively, and these 2 histopathological types of RCCs were indicated to have originated from proximal tubule cells of the nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishihara
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Omar El-Omar
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Fukuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sekiko Taneda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Mamur S, Yuzbasioglu D, Altok K, Unal F, Deger SM. Determination of genotoxic effects in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease and the role of diabetes mellitus and other biochemical parameters. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 844:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Gandhi G, Mehta T, Contractor P, Tung G. Genotoxic damage in end-stage renal disease. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 835:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Pastor S, Coll E, Rodríguez-Ribera L, Stoyanova E, Corredor ZF, Marcos R. Influence of Carnicor, Venofer, and Sevelamer on the levels of genotoxic damage in end-stage renal disease patients. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:302-311. [PMID: 29359355 DOI: 10.1002/em.22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients present high levels of phosphorus and calcium products in serum, which contribute to the development of vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease, and to low iron stores and carnitine deficiency. For these reasons, ESRD patients are generally supplemented with different medicines. Some of the most common treatments include the use of Carnicor, Venofer, and Sevelamer drugs. Carnicor is used as a source of L-carnitine, acting as antioxidant and neuroprotector. Venofer is used to reduce the deficit of iron. Sevelamer is used to treat hyperphosphatemia. To determine the potential harmful genotoxic effects of these drugs, a group of 214 patients included in a hemodialysis program with different intakes of Carnicor, Venofer, and Sevelamer were evaluated. The levels of basal and oxidative DNA damage, as well as chromosomal damage, were measured in all individuals using the comet and the micronucleus assays, respectively. Our results indicate that Carnicor administration was associated with low but significant increases in the frequency of basal DNA damage and micronuclei. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:302-311, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Pastor
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Spain
| | | | - Lara Rodríguez-Ribera
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Elitsa Stoyanova
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Zuray F Corredor
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Spain
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9
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Gandhi G, Tung G. Sensitivity and specificity prediction of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay in end-stage renal disease patients on dialysis: A case-control study. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 822:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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DNA damage-dependent mechanisms of ageing and disease in the macro- and microvasculature. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:116-128. [PMID: 28347738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A decline in the function of the macro- and micro-vasculature occurs with ageing. DNA damage also accumulates with ageing, and thus DNA damage and repair have important roles in physiological ageing. Considerable evidence also supports a crucial role for DNA damage in the development and progression of macrovascular disease such as atherosclerosis. These findings support the concept that prolonged exposure to risk factors is a major stimulus for DNA damage within the vasculature, in part via the generation of reactive oxygen species. Genomic instability can directly affect vascular cellular function, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and premature vascular cell senescence. In contrast, the study of age-related impaired function and DNA damage mechanisms in the microvasculature is limited, although ageing is associated with microvessel endothelial dysfunction. This review examines current knowledge on the role of DNA damage and DNA repair systems in macrovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and microvascular disease. We also discuss the cellular responses to DNA damage to identify possible strategies for prevention and treatment.
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11
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Rodríguez-Ribera L, Corredor Z, Silva I, Díaz JM, Ballarín J, Marcos R, Pastor S, Coll E. Vitamin E-coated dialysis membranes reduce the levels of oxidative genetic damage in hemodialysis patients. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 815:16-21. [PMID: 28283088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease patients present oxidative stress status that increases when they are submitted to hemodialysis (HD). This increase in oxidative stress can affect their genetic material, among other targets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using polysulfone membranes coated with vitamin E, during the HD sessions, on the levels of genetic damage of HD patients. Forty-six patients were followed for 6 months, of whom 29 changed from conventional HD to the use of membranes coated with vitamin E. The level of genetic damage was measured using the micronucleus and the comet assays, both before and after the follow-up period. Serum vitamin E concentration was also checked. The obtained results showed that 24% of our patients presented vitamin E deficiency, and this was normalized in those patients treated with vitamin E-coated membranes. Patients with vitamin E deficiency showed higher levels of oxidative DNA damage. After the use of vitamin E-coated membranes we detected a significant decrease in the levels of oxidative damage. Additionally, hemoglobin values increased significantly with the use of vitamin E-coated membranes. In conclusion, the use of vitamin E-coated membranes supposes a decrease on the levels of oxidative DNA damage, and improves the uremic anemia status. Furthermore, the use of this type of membrane was also effective in correcting vitamin E deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rodríguez-Ribera
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Zuray Corredor
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Pastor
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Aykanat B, Demircigil GC, Buyan N, Baskin E, Gulleroglu K, Fidan K, Bayrakci US, Dalgic A, Karakayali H, Haberal M, Burgaz S. Micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in buccal epithelial cells of children with chronic kidney disease. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67:317-325. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reveal the likely genomic instability in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using micronucleus (MN) assay on buccal epithelial cells (BEC). We investigated the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies, such as nuclear buds, binucleated cells, condensed chromatin, and karyorrhectic and pyknotic cells in BEC. Children with CKD were grouped as follows: children in the pre-dialysis (PreD) stage (N=17), children on regular haemodialysis (HD) (N=14), and children who have undergone transplantation (Tx) (N=17). As a control group, twenty age- and gender-matched healthy children were selected. The MN frequency in BEC of all groups of children with CKD was significantly elevated (5- to 7-fold) as compared to the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, the frequencies of nuclear buds were not significantly higher in the study groups compared to the control group. The frequencies of binucleated cells and condensed chromatin cells were significantly higher in all subgroups of children with CKD relative to the control group (p<0.001). Our results show that the BEC of pediatric PreD, HD, and Tx patients with CKD display increased cytogenetic, cytokinetic, and cytotoxic effects. They also point to the sensitivity and usefulness of the BEC MN assay in the assessment of genetic susceptibility of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Aykanat
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Necla Buyan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Baskin
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Gulleroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kibriya Fidan
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Selda Bayrakci
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydin Dalgic
- Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Karakayali
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Haberal
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Burgaz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Changes in lymphocyte properties after employment of the combination of carbamylation and oxidative stress, an in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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DNA Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation of Clinical Biomarkers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3592042. [PMID: 27313827 PMCID: PMC4897719 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3592042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit an increased cancer risk compared to a healthy control population. To be able to estimate the cancer risk of the patients and to assess the impact of interventional therapies thereon, it is of particular interest to measure the patients' burden of genomic damage. Chromosomal abnormalities, reduced DNA repair, and DNA lesions were found indeed in cells of patients with CKD. Biomarkers for DNA damage measurable in easily accessible cells like peripheral blood lymphocytes are chromosomal aberrations, structural DNA lesions, and oxidatively modified DNA bases. In this review the most common methods quantifying the three parameters mentioned above, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, the comet assay, and the quantification of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, are evaluated concerning the feasibility of the analysis and regarding the marker's potential to predict clinical outcomes.
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15
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Khalil SKM, Amer HA, El Behairy AM, Warda M. Oxidative stress during erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness anemia at end stage renal disease: Molecular and biochemical studies. J Adv Res 2016; 7:348-58. [PMID: 27222740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are two faces of one coin in end stage renal disease patients (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis. Their interconnection induces anemia complicated with erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness. The biochemical bases behind the resistance to erythropoietin therapy with frequent hemoglobinemia, oxidative stress and iron status have not been fully understood. Here two equal groups (40 patients each) of responders and non-responders to recombinant human erythropoietin therapy (higher than 300 IU/kg/wk of epoetin) were investigated. Hematological and biochemical analyses of collected blood and serum samples were performed along with serum electrophoretic protein footprinting. The leukocytic DNA fragmentation was used to evaluate the degree of oxidative insult. The good responders showed lower erythrocyte malondialdehyde (E-MDA) level and less DNA fragmentation of circulating leukocytes than poor responders with elevated hemoglobin, albumin, A/G ratio, total iron, and ferritin levels. Contrariwise, lower erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (E-SOD) and catalase activities in EPO poor responder group were noticed. Neither other serum constituents nor electrophoretic protein pattern showed any difference between the two groups. There were higher levels of inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in EPO poor responder than good responder. The negative correlations between Hb and both IL6 and CRP levels in the present data remotely indicate a positive correlation between inflammatory markers and severity of anemia. A direct correlation between Hb and antioxidant enzymes (E-SOD and catalase) was noticed, while inverse correlation with E-MDA was recorded. The study proved that oral supplementation of vitamin C to ESRD patients might mitigate the previously elevated serum MDA level in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar K M Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maadi Armed Forces Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H A Amer
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel M El Behairy
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Warda
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
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16
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Corredor Z, Stoyanova E, Rodríguez-Ribera L, Coll E, Silva I, Diaz JM, Ballarin J, Marcos R, Pastor S. Genomic damage as a biomarker of chronic kidney disease status. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:301-312. [PMID: 25234591 DOI: 10.1002/em.21911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit a high incidence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, as well as high levels of genomic damage. To confirm the association of CKD with genomic damage we have carried out the largest study to date addressing this issue, using a total of 602 subjects (187 controls, 206 pre-dialysis CKD patients and 209 CKD patients in hemodialysis). DNA oxidative damage was measured in all individuals using the comet assay. Our results indicate that CKD patients have significantly higher levels of DNA damage than controls, but no significant differences were observed between pre-hemodialysis (pre-HD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. When oxidative damage was measured, no differences were observed between patients and controls, although HD patients showed significantly higher levels of oxidative damage than pre-HD patients. In addition, a positive relationship was demonstrated between genomic damage and all-cause mortality. Our study confirms that genomic damage can be predictive of prognosis in CKD patients, with high levels of DNA damage indicating a poor prognosis in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuray Corredor
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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17
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Milic M, Frustaci A, Del Bufalo A, Sánchez-Alarcón J, Valencia-Quintana R, Russo P, Bonassi S. DNA damage in non-communicable diseases: A clinical and epidemiological perspective. Mutat Res 2014; 776:118-27. [PMID: 26255943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death and disability, representing 63% of the total death number worldwide. A characteristic phenotype of these diseases is the accelerated aging, which is the result of phenomena such as accumulated DNA damage, telomere capping loss and subcellular irreversible/nonrepaired oxidative damage. DNA damage, mostly oxidative, plays a key role in the development of most common NCDs. The present review will gather some of the most relevant knowledge concerning the presence of DNA damage in NCDs focusing on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, and discussing a selection of papers from the most informative literature. The challenge of comorbidity and the potential offered by new systems approaches for introducing these biomarkers into the clinical decision process will be discussed. Systems Medicine platforms represent the most suitable approach to personalized medicine, enabling to identify new patterns in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Milic
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Area of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, 00166 Rome, Italy; Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alessandra Frustaci
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Area of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Del Bufalo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Area of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Juana Sánchez-Alarcón
- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Facultad de Agrobiología, Evaluación de Riesgos Ambientales, 90062 Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Rafael Valencia-Quintana
- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Facultad de Agrobiología, Evaluación de Riesgos Ambientales, 90062 Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Patrizia Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Area of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Area of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, 00166 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Rodríguez-Ribera L, Stoyanova E, Corredor Z, Coll E, Silva I, Diaz JM, Ballarin J, Marcos R, Pastor S. Time in hemodialysis modulates the levels of genetic damage in hemodialysis patients. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:363-368. [PMID: 24436196 DOI: 10.1002/em.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is assumed that hemodialysis treatment can diminish the levels of genetic damage in circulating lymphocytes by cleaning the blood of uremic toxins that cause oxidative stress. However, the hemodialysis process by itself may also induce genomic damage by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). We conducted a follow-up study in a group of 70 hemodialysis patients followed for a mean time of 15 months. We investigated the effect of exposure time in hemodialysis on the levels of genetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the micronucleus assay. In addition, genetic damage after in vitro irradiation with 0.5 Gy was also analyzed to evaluate changes in radiosensitivity. Our results showed that, at the end of the study, there was a decrease in both the basal levels of genetic damage (9.9 ± 1.0 vs. 7.6 ± 0.7) and radiosensitivity values (38.5 ± 3.0 vs. 27.6 ± 2.4). We conclude that hemodialysis procedures may act as an ameliorating factor reducing the genetic damage present in chronic kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rodríguez-Ribera
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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19
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Moffitt T, Hariton F, Devlin M, Garrett PJ, Hannon-Fletcher MPA. Oxidative DNA Damage Is Elevated in Renal Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2014.46049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Sung CC, Hsu YC, Chen CC, Lin YF, Wu CC. Oxidative stress and nucleic acid oxidation in patients with chronic kidney disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:301982. [PMID: 24058721 PMCID: PMC3766569 DOI: 10.1155/2013/301982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and a high risk for developing malignancy. Excessive oxidative stress is thought to play a major role in elevating these risks by increasing oxidative nucleic acid damage. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) production and antioxidant defense mechanisms and can cause vascular and tissue injuries as well as nucleic acid damage in CKD patients. The increased production of RONS, impaired nonenzymatic or enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms, and other risk factors including gene polymorphisms, uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate), deficiency of arylesterase/paraoxonase, hyperhomocysteinemia, dialysis-associated membrane bioincompatibility, and endotoxin in patients with CKD can inhibit normal cell function by damaging cell lipids, arachidonic acid derivatives, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and nucleic acids. Several clinical biomarkers and techniques have been used to detect the antioxidant status and oxidative stress/oxidative nucleic acid damage associated with long-term complications such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, amyloidosis, and malignancy in CKD patients. Antioxidant therapies have been studied to reduce the oxidative stress and nucleic acid oxidation in patients with CKD, including alpha-tocopherol, N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid, glutathione, folic acid, bardoxolone methyl, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and providing better dialysis strategies. This paper provides an overview of radical production, antioxidant defence, pathogenesis and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with CKD, and possible antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Sung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Hsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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21
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Rangel-López A, Paniagua-Medina ME, Urbán-Reyes M, Cortes-Arredondo M, Alvarez-Aguilar C, López-Meza J, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, Lindholm B, García-López E, Paniagua JR. Genetic damage in patients with chronic kidney disease, peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis: a comparative study. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:219-25. [PMID: 23408844 PMCID: PMC3570793 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have signs of genomic instability and, as a consequence, extensive genetic damage, possibly due to accumulation of uraemic toxins, oxidative stress mediators and other endogenous substances with genotoxic properties. We explored factors associated with the presence and background levels of genetic damage in CKD. A cross-sectional study was performed in 91 CKD patients including pre-dialysis (CKD patients; n = 23) and patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD; n = 33) or haemodialysis (HD; n = 35) and with 61 healthy subjects, divided into two subgroups with the older group being in the age range of the patients, serving as controls. Alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes were used to determine DNA and chromosome damage, respectively, present in CKD. Markers of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), thiols, advanced oxidation protein products and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine] and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha) were also measured. Micronucleus (MN) frequency was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the CKD group (46±4‰) when compared with the older control (oC) group (27.7±14). A significant increase in MN frequency (P < 0.05) was also seen in PD patients (41.9±14‰) versus the oC group. There was no statistically significant difference for the HD group (29.7±15.6‰; P = NS) versus the oC group. Comet assay data showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) of tail DNA intensity in cells of patients with CKD (15.6±7%) with respect to the total control (TC) group (11±1%). PD patients (14.8±7%) also have a significant increase (P < 0.001) versus the TC group. Again, there was no statistically significant difference for the HD group (12.5±3%) compared with the TC group. Patients with MN values in the upper quartile had increased cholesterol, triglycerides, AGEs and MDA levels and lower albumin levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, diabetes and treatment modality were independently associated with higher levels of DNA damage. Our results suggest that oxidative stress, diabetes, gender and dialysis modality in CKD patients increased DNA and chromosome damage. To confirm these data, prospective clinical trials need to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rangel-López
- Medical Research Unit on Nephrological Diseases, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre, Century XXI, Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Guven GS, Altiparmak MR, Trabulus S, Yalin AS, Batar B, Tunckale A, Guven M. Relationship Between Genomic Damage and Clinical Features in Dialysis Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:202-6. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gulgun S. Guven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Trabulus
- Department of Nephrology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse S. Yalin
- Department of Nephrology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Batar
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Tunckale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Guven
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Ersson C, Odar‐Cederlöf I, Fehrman‐Ekholm I, Möller L. The effects of hemodialysis treatment on the level of
DNA
strand breaks and oxidative
DNA
lesions measured by the comet assay. Hemodial Int 2012; 17:366-73. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ersson
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | | | | | - Lennart Möller
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
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24
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Rodhe Y, Woodhill T, Thorman R, Möller L, Hylander B. The effect of sea buckthorn supplement on oral health, inflammation, and DNA damage in hemodialysis patients: a double-blinded, randomized crossover study. J Ren Nutr 2012; 23:172-9. [PMID: 23131570 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, malnutrition, poor oral health, and mouth dryness. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of sea buckthorn oil (SBO) extract, which is rich in vitamins, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, on oxidative stress, saliva production, and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN SETTING AND SUBJECTS This was a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled crossover study (2 × 8 weeks, 4-week washout). The study subjects were hemodialysis patients (n = 45) recruited from the Department of Renal Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The patients received 4 capsules per day, each containing 500 mg of SBO or placebo, for 8 weeks. They were then crossed over to the other treatment after a 4-week washout period. Salivary gland biopsies, saliva, and blood samples were collected before and after each treatment period. Main outcomes were DNA breaks and oxidative DNA lesions in minor accessory salivary glands, salivary flow rates, and inflammation markers in blood (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, antitrypsin, orosomucoid in plasma, leukocytes in blood). Blood markers including creatinine, urea in plasma, and hemoglobin in blood were investigated. RESULTS The results showed no significant changes in DNA breaks, oxidative DNA lesions, salivary flow rates, or inflammation after SBO supplementation. However, plasma levels of phosphate and sodium increased and plasma levels of iron decreased. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SBO supplementation as performed in this study did not protect against oxidative stress, nor improve oral health or inflammation status in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Rodhe
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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25
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Sandoval SB, Pastor S, Stoyanova E, Rodríguez-Ribera L, García-Quispes WA, Coll E, Reyes J, Andrés E, Ballarin J, Marcos R. Genomic instability in chronic renal failure patients. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:343-349. [PMID: 22467378 DOI: 10.1002/em.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients suffering chronic renal failure (CRF) exhibit a high incidence of cancer, as well as high levels of genetic damage. We hypothesized that these patients show genomic instability as measured by increased radiosensitivity to the induction of genetic damage. The background levels of genetic damage and the net genetic damage after in vitro irradiation with 0.5 Gy were analyzed using the micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 174 CRF patients and 53 controls. The net radiation-induced genetic damage was significantly higher in CRF patients with respect to controls. Among CRF patients, the levels of genetic damage were higher in those with prior incidence of cancer than in those without cancer; in addition, those CRF patients undergoing hemodialysis presented with higher levels of genetic damage than those in the advanced Stages (4-5) of the pathology. A positive association was observed between basal and net micronucleus frequency among CFR patients. However, no association was found between net genetic damage and parameters linked to the different stages of the pathology, such as urine creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate. Our results indicate that CRF patients show increased radiosensitivity and that the degree of radiosensitivity is associated with the progression of the pathological stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia B Sandoval
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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26
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Aykanat B, Demircigil GC, Fidan K, Buyan N, Gulleroglu K, Baskin E, Bayrakci US, Sepici A, Buyukkaragoz B, Karakayali H, Haberal M, Burgaz S. Basal damage and oxidative DNA damage in children with chronic kidney disease measured by use of the comet assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 725:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Zachara BA, Gromadzinska J, Palus J, Zbrog Z, Swiech R, Twardowska E, Wasowicz W. The effect of selenium supplementation in the prevention of DNA damage in white blood cells of hemodialyzed patients: a pilot study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 142:274-83. [PMID: 20661660 PMCID: PMC3152706 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased incidence of cancer. It is well known that long periods of hemodialysis (HD) treatment are linked to DNA damage due to oxidative stress. In this study, we examined the effect of selenium (Se) supplementation to CKD patients on HD on the prevention of oxidative DNA damage in white blood cells. Blood samples were drawn from 42 CKD patients on HD (at the beginning of the study and after 1 and 3 months) and from 30 healthy controls. Twenty-two patients were supplemented with 200 μg Se (as Se-rich yeast) per day and 20 with placebo (baker's yeast) for 3 months. Se concentration in plasma and DNA damage in white blood cells expressed as the tail moment, including single-strand breaks (SSB) and oxidative bases lesion in DNA, using formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (FPG), were measured. Se concentration in patients was significantly lower than in healthy subjects (P < 0.0001) and increased significantly after 3 months of Se supplementation (P < 0.0001). Tail moment (SSB) in patients before the study was three times higher than in healthy subjects (P < 0.01). After 3 months of Se supplementation, it decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and was about 16% lower than in healthy subjects. The oxidative bases lesion in DNA (tail moment, FPG) of HD patients at the beginning of the study was significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared with controls, and 3 months after Se supplementation it was 2.6 times lower than in controls (P < 0.01). No changes in tail moment was observed in the placebo group. In conclusion, our study shows that in CKD patients on HD, DNA damage in white blood cells is higher than in healthy controls, and Se supplementation prevents the damage of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronislaw A Zachara
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
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28
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Karsli Ceppioğlu S, Yurdun T, Canbakan M. Assessment of matrix Gla protein, Klotho gene polymorphisms, and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2011; 33:866-74. [PMID: 21859400 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.605534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular calcification and oxidative stress are considered as extra renal risk factors at the pathogenesis cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated matrix Gla protein (MGP) (T-138C, Glu60X, Thr83Ala) and Klotho (Cys370Ser) gene polymorphisms, serum MGP levels, and oxidative stress status of 84 CKD patients and 37 healthy controls. The MGP gene Glu60X and Thr83Ala polymorphisms were significantly associated with CKD. The correlation between T-138C genotype of MGP gene, Cys370Ser genotype of Klotho gene, and CKD was not significant (p > 0.05). At the haplotype analysis, the combination of the X allele of Glu60X and the Thr allele of Thr83Ala showed a significantly increased risk of CKD (p < 0.05). X allele, Thr allele, and C allele of T-138C were associated with diabetes mellitus and CKD phenotypes occurring concurrently (p < 0.01). Serum zinc levels were significantly low in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (p = 0.0001). The total comet score frequency of ESRD patients was higher than that of control group (p < 0.05). The urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were significantly high in CKD patients (p < 0.05). According to this study, analyzing the distribution of MGP gene and oxidative stress status would be very informative in order to detect their role at CKD.
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MESH Headings
- 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cohort Studies
- Deoxyguanosine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxyguanosine/urine
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Genotype
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Humans
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
- Klotho Proteins
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Prognosis
- Reference Values
- Renal Dialysis/methods
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Young Adult
- Matrix Gla Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Karsli Ceppioğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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29
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Ersson C, Thorman R, Rodhe Y, Möller L, Hylander B. DNA damage in salivary gland tissue in patients with chronic kidney disease, measured by the comet assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:209-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Cakmak Demircigil G, Aykanat B, Fidan K, Gulleroglu K, Bayrakci US, Sepici A, Buyukkaragoz B, Karakayali H, Haberal M, Baskin E, Buyan N, Burgaz S. Micronucleus frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with chronic kidney disease. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:643-50. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Schupp N, Rutkowski P, Sebeková K, Klassen A, Bahner U, Grupp C, Heidland A, Stopper H. AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan attenuates genomic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients on maintenance hemodialysis treatment. Kidney Blood Press Res 2011; 34:167-72. [PMID: 21474964 DOI: 10.1159/000326805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (ANG II) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) exert genotoxic effects in vitro which were prevented by the ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, candesartan. In end-stage renal disease (ESRD) the incidence of genomic damage is increased. A stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system and accumulation of AGEs could be involved. METHODS We tested whether oral co-administration of candesartan modulates enhanced DNA damage in ESRD patients. Fifteen maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with mild hypertension were treated with candesartan for 4.5 months. Fourteen MHD patients served as conventionally treated uremic controls. DNA damage was measured as micronucleus frequency (MNF) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and evaluated three times before candesartan therapy and afterwards every 6 weeks. RESULTS Compared to 14 healthy controls, MNF at baseline was significantly elevated in MHD patients. While in the conventionally treated MHD patients the enhanced DNA damage persisted, the co-administration of candesartan ameliorated the genomic damage significantly and independently of blood pressure changes. CONCLUSION Blockade of AT1 receptors with candesartan can reduce DNA damage in MHD patients. Long-term studies in larger patient groups are needed to investigate whether the improved genomic damage lowers atherosclerotic complications and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, Würzburg, Germany.
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Hirotsu C, Tufik S, Ribeiro DA, Alvarenga TA, Andersen ML. Genomic damage in the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:416-22. [PMID: 20974244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic renal failure exhibit massive oxidative genome damage and an elevated risk of cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between DNA damage and carcinogenesis. The current study aimed to investigate whether the progression of chronic kidney disease induces genomic damage in an animal model. Adult Wistar rats were assigned to either the control or chronic kidney disease groups. The chronic kidney disease group was subdistributed into five groups with progressively longer durations of disease (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days). The results showed that chronic kidney disease induced genomic damage in the blood, liver and kidney cells during all periods evaluated, as indicated by the mean tail moment measured in the comet assay. In brain cells, no genetic damage was induced at early/intermediate disease durations; however, positive genotoxicity was found at 120 and 150 days. Blood pressure and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) were increased after chronic kidney disease induction, while blood iron concentration was significantly reduced in these animals. The results suggest that chronic kidney disease progression contributes to DNA damage in blood, liver, kidney and brain and that such damage can be mediated by hypertension, an inflammatory status and iron deficiency. Additionally, the brain was sensitive to genotoxic insult after extended chronic kidney disease, suggesting a potentially important role of genetic damage in the neurological disorders of end-stage renal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Hirotsu
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Schupp N, Heidland A, Stopper H. Genomic damage in endstage renal disease-contribution of uremic toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2340-58. [PMID: 22069557 PMCID: PMC3153169 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), whether on conservative, peritoneal or hemodialysis therapy, have elevated genomic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes and an increased cancer incidence, especially of the kidney. The damage is possibly due to accumulation of uremic toxins like advanced glycation endproducts or homocysteine. However, other endogenous substances with genotoxic properties, which are increased in ESRD, could be involved, such as the blood pressure regulating hormones angiotensin II and aldosterone or the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. This review provides an overview of genomic damage observed in ESRD patients, focuses on possible underlying causes and shows modulations of the damage by modern dialysis strategies and vitamin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +49-931-20148722; Fax: +49-931-20148446
| | - August Heidland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
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Sandoval SB, Stoyanova E, Coll E, Pastor S, Reyes J, Andrés E, Ballarin J, Xamena N, Marcos R. Genetic damage in chronic renal failure patients is associated with the glomerular filtration rate index. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:603-8. [PMID: 20884684 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) patients are considered to present genomic instability and, as a consequence, elevated levels of genetic damage. An open question is whether this damage is related to the stage of the pathology. To determine the background levels of genetic damage, a large population of 258 Caucasian adults (201 CRF patients and 57 controls) was analysed using the micronucleus (MN) assay. The frequency of MN in CRF patients was significantly higher than in controls and correlated with the progression of the disease, according to the glomerular filtration rate. In addition, a significant association was observed between genetic damage and serum creatinine levels. Genetic damage, measured as frequency of MN, increases when renal function decreases. The fact that an increased level of MN is already observed in patients' Stage 2 seems to indicate a genetic predisposition on these patients. Nevertheless, part of the observed damage can be attributed to the uraemic state itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Berenice Sandoval
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Inhibition of mitochondrial function reduces DNA repair in human mononuclear cells. Leuk Res 2010; 35:219-25. [PMID: 20619454 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria provide ATP and Ca(2+) needed for DNA repair, but also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may damage DNA. AIM To investigate the effect of mitochondrial function inhibition on DNA repair. METHOD Five mitochondrial inhibitors acting at various sites of electron transport were studied. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, spontaneous and H(2)O(2)-induced DNA repair, as well as %-double-stranded-DNA, were measured. RESULTS All mitochondrial inhibitors suppressed spontaneous and H(2)O(2)-induced DNA repair. However, their effect on %-double-stranded-DNA differed, which is partly related to ROS suppression. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial inhibition may enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of radiation and cytotoxic drugs therapy.
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Stoyanova E, Sandoval SB, Zuniga LA, El-Yamani N, Coll E, Pastor S, Reyes J, Andres E, Ballarin J, Xamena N, Marcos R. Oxidative DNA damage in chronic renal failure patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:879-85. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Müller C, Eisenbrand G, Gradinger M, Rath T, Albert FW, Vienken J, Singh R, Farmer PB, Stockis JP, Janzowski C. Effects of Hemodialysis, Dialyser Type and Iron Infusion on Oxidative Stress in Uremic Patients. Free Radic Res 2009; 38:1093-100. [PMID: 15512797 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400011452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are considered to face an elevated risk for atherosclerosis and cancer. This has been attributed in part to an increased oxidative stress. In this pilot study, oxidative cell damage in blood of HD-patients was compared to those of controls: total DNA damage (basic and specific oxidative DNA damage), modulation of glutathione levels (total and oxidized glutathione) and of lipid peroxidation were monitored via the Comet assay (with and without FPG), a kinetic photometric assay and HPLC quantification of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), respectively. In some samples, leukocytes were analysed for malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine-adducts (M1dG) with an immunoslot blot technique. HD-patients (n=21) showed a significant increase of total DNA damage (p<10(-12)), compared to controls (n=12). In a subset of patients and controls, GSSG levels and M1dG, however, only increased slightly, while tGSH and MDA levels did not differ. The influence of different low flux HD-membranes was tested in a pilot study with nine patients consecutively dialysed on three membrane types for four weeks each. In addition to the individual disposition of the patient, the dialyser membrane had a significant impact on oxidative stress. Total DNA damage was found to be almost identical for polysulfone and vitamin E coated cellulosic membranes, whereas a slight, but significant increase was observed with cellulose-diacetate (p<0.001). In patients receiving iron infusion during HD, MDA-formation (n=11) and total DNA damage (n=10) were additionally increased (p<0.005). Our results show an increased oxidative damage in HD-patients, compared to healthy volunteers. Significant influences were found for the dialyser membrane type and iron infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Domenici FA, Vannucchi MTI, Jordão AA, Meirelles MSS, Vannucchi H. DNA Oxidative Damage in Patients with Dialysis Treatment. Ren Fail 2009; 27:689-94. [PMID: 16350819 DOI: 10.1080/08860220500242678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Chronic renal patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment are exposed to oxidative stress and DNA damage. The objective of this study was to assess the oxidative damage to DNA in end-stage chronic renal failure, before and after vitamin E supplementation. METHODS Patients on HD (n=29) and PD (n=22) received oral supplementation with 300 mg vitamin E three times a week for 4 weeks. A blood sample was collected at the beginning and at the end of the supplementation cycle for the determination of vitamin E levels (high-performance liquid chromatography), carbonyl groups, and DNA damage (8-hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and comet assay). RESULTS After supplementation, vitamin E concentration was increased by about 50%. Protein oxidation was initially observed in both groups, with a reduction after supplementation. DNA damage detected by the comet assay and by 8-OHdG analysis was significantly reduced (p<0.05) after supplementation in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E supplementation reduced oxidative DNA damage in both HD and PD patients. Treatments such as HD and PD induce oxidative stress and consequent DNA damage, and increased plasma vitamin E levels significantly contribute to the normalization of these events.
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Ribeiro DA, Campos RR, Bergamaschi CT. Chronic renal failure induces genetic instability in multiple organs of Wistar rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:289-95. [PMID: 19292884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking into consideration the strong evidence for a relationship between DNA damage and carcinogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate whether blood, liver, heart, kidney and brain are particularly sensitive organs for DNA damaging during chronic renal disease by the single-cell gel (comet) assay to predict genetic instability induced by this pathological condition. METHODS A total of 18 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: negative control (n = 8) and experimental (n = 10), in which was submitted to the 5/6 renal mass ablation by ligation of two or three branches of the left renal artery and total right nephrectomy during 8 weeks. RESULTS The results showed that chronic renal disease was able to induce genetic damage in blood, heart, liver and kidney cells as depicted by the mean tail moment. No genetic damage was induced in brain cells, i.e. no significant statistically differences (P > 0.05) were noticed when compared to negative control. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that chronic renal failure could contribute to the damage of DNA at all organs evaluated, except to the brain cells. As DNA damage is an important step in events leading to carcinogenesis, this study represents a relevant contribution to the correct evaluation of the potential health risks associated with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Bagatini PB, Palazzo RP, Rodrigues MT, Costa CH, Maluf SW. Induction and removal of DNA damage in blood leukocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 657:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Schupp N, Schmid U, Heidland A, Stopper H. Rosuvastatin protects against oxidative stress and DNA damage in vitro via upregulation of glutathione synthesis. Atherosclerosis 2008; 199:278-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Stopper H, Treutlein AT, Bahner U, Schupp N, Schmid U, Brink A, Perna A, Heidland A. Reduction of the genomic damage level in haemodialysis patients by folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3272-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schupp N, Dette EM, Schmid U, Bahner U, Winkler M, Heidland A, Stopper H. Benfotiamine reduces genomic damage in peripheral lymphocytes of hemodialysis patients. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 378:283-91. [PMID: 18509620 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hemodialysis patients have an elevated genomic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and an increased cancer incidence, possibly due to accumulation of uremic toxins like advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Because the vitamin B1 prodrug benfotiamine reduces AGE levels in experimental diabetes, and dialysis patients often suffer from vitamin B1 deficiency, we conducted two consecutive studies supplementing hemodialysis patients with benfotiamine. In both studies, genomic damage was measured as micronucleus frequency of PBLs before and at three time-points after initiation of benfotiamine supplementation. AGE-associated fluorescence in plasma, and in the second study additionally, the antioxidative capacity of plasma was analyzed. Benfotiamine significantly lowered the genomic damage of PBLs in hemodialysis patients of both studies independent of changes in plasma AGE levels. The second study gave a hint to the mechanism, as the antioxidative capacity of the plasma of the treated patients clearly increased, which might ameliorate the DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schupp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Rossato LB, Nunes ACF, Pereira MLS, de Souza CFM, Dummer C, Milani V, Porsch DB, de Mattos CB, Barros EJG. Prevalence of 4977bp deletion in mitochondrial DNA from patients with chronic kidney disease receiving conservative treatment or hemodialysis in southern Brazil. Ren Fail 2008; 30:9-14. [PMID: 18197537 DOI: 10.1080/08860220701741650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of mtDNA 4977bp deletion in many different tissues can serve as a marker of this damage. However, no attempt has been made to detect the presence of mtDNA 4977bp in blood cells of patients with CKD. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction techniques (PCR) were used to detect mtDNA 4977bp deletion in blood samples of 94 CKD patients. RESULTS The prevalence of 4977bp deletion in mtDNA was 73.1% (38/52) in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis, 57.1% (27/42) in patients with CKD receiving conservative treatment, and 27.8% (15/54) in control samples (p < 0.001). Higher prevalence of this mutation was not associated with patient age (p = 0.54) or time on hemodialysis (p = 0.70). CONCLUSION The higher prevalence of mtDNA 4977bp deletion in patients in this study indicates that the CKD can induce damage to mtDNA in blood cells and could be exacerbated by hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Bertolin Rossato
- Graduate Program in Medical Science, Nephrology and Hemodialysis Service, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Herman M, Ori Y, Chagnac A, Korzets A, Weinstein T, Malachi T, Gafter U. Spontaneous DNA Repair Increases during Hemodialysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 108:c188-93. [DOI: 10.1159/000118941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Schupp N, Schmid U, Heidland A, Stopper H. New Approaches for the Treatment of Genomic Damage in End-Stage Renal Disease. J Ren Nutr 2008; 18:127-33. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Fink K, Brink A, Vienken J, Heidland A, Stopper H. Homocysteine exerts genotoxic and antioxidative effects in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1402-8. [PMID: 17590309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with end-stage renal disease suffer from increased genomic damage and cancer incidence. One possible reason is the accumulation of uremic toxins such as homocysteine (Hcy). Elevated Hcy levels--usually indicative of cardiovascular events--correlated with the genomic damage in cross-sectional studies. Therefore we investigated the genotoxic effects of Hcy in vitro. METHODS To analyse the genomic damage, micronucleus tests and the comet-assay were performed in L5178Y and HL60 cells. Additionally, the influence of Hcy on cell cycle progression, DNA-cytosine-methylation, oxidative stress levels and on the cellular glutathione content were determined. RESULTS Low millimolar concentrations of Hcy-induced micronuclei in both cell lines but did not enhance the DNA damage observed with the comet-assay. Cell cycle progression was inhibited in S-phase, while DNA-cytosine-methylation remained unchanged. Furthermore, Hcy protected cells challenged with H(2)O(2) from oxidative stress. This was accompanied by an increased cellular glutathione level. CONCLUSION Since the genotoxic effect was limited to high Hcy concentrations, a contribution of Hcy to the enhanced genomic damage in end-stage renal disease patients would only be conceivable upon local Hcy accumulation. Whether the detected antioxidant capacity of Hcy is relevant for any situation in patients remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fink
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacherstrasse 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Sebeková K, Wagner Z, Schupp N, Boor P. Genomic Damage and Malignancy in End-Stage Renal Failure: Do Advanced Glycation End Products Contribute? Kidney Blood Press Res 2006; 30:56-66. [PMID: 17261927 DOI: 10.1159/000099029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In end-stage renal disease (ESRD) there is not only excessive morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease but also an enhanced occurrence of various types of cancer. Both are characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation as two of the central underlying causes of the disease states. In cancer, genomic damage has been demonstrated to be of high pathogenetic relevance. DNA lesions may induce mutations of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes which, in the long-run, may lead to malignancies if mutagenicity is not mitigated by repair mechanisms. A high incidence of genomic damage in ESRD patients has been validated by various biomarkers of DNA lesions. We reviewed the mechanisms of DNA damage, focusing in particular on the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which accumulate markedly in renal insufficiency. Considering the in vitro and in vivo findings to date, one has to assume a significant role of AGEs in DNA damage and the potential development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Sebeková
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacotherapy, Research Base of Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Stopper H, Schupp N, Klassen A, Sebekova K, Heidland A. Genomic damage in chronic renal failure--potential therapeutic interventions. J Ren Nutr 2006; 15:81-6. [PMID: 15648013 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2004.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In end-stage renal failure, genomic damage is enhanced. This has been shown both in the predialysis and dialysis phase by various biomarkers, such as micronuclei frequency and single cell gel electrophoresis in lymphocytes as well as with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in leukocytes. There are also data about mitochondrial DNA deletions and chromosomal abnormalities. Genomic damage may be induced by a multitude of toxic factors and mutagens, in particular via enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. In in vitro studies, incubation of tubular cells with various AGEs (carboxymethyllysine-BSA, AGE-BSA, and methylglyoxal-BSA) and angiotensin II resulted in a marked DNA damage. Coincubation with various antioxidants as well as the angiotensin II receptor blocker, candesartan, suppressed the toxic action. Moreover, an improved uremic state by daily hemodialysis ameliorated the genomic damage in lymphocytes, as compared to patients on conventional hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Stopper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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The association of circulating leptin level with peripheral DNA damage in hemodialysis subjects. Clin Biochem 2006; 39:918-22. [PMID: 16824505 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hemodialysis subjects have been shown to have both elevated serum leptin and peripheral DNA damage level, and leptin has been suggested to induce apoptotic features. Thus, in the present study, we aimed at finding out if there is any relationship between serum leptin level and peripheral DNA damage in hemodialysis subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS Forty hemodialysis subjects and 21 controls were included in the present study. Serum leptin level and peripheral DNA damage were assayed in all subjects enrolled in the study. Comet assay was used in determining DNA damage in peripheral lymphocyte. RESULTS Both serum leptin level and peripheral DNA damage were significantly higher in hemodialysis subjects than control (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). Female subjects had significantly higher serum leptin level than male subjects in both hemodialysis and control group (both P<0.05). Significant correlation was observed between serum leptin level, and gender and body fat mass in both hemodialysis (P<0.05, beta=-0.637 and P<0.05, beta=0.386, respectively) and control group (P<0.05, beta=-0.569 and P<0.05, beta=-0.460, respectively). In hemodialysis subjects, peripheral DNA damage was significantly correlated with serum leptin level (P<0.05, beta=0.508). CONCLUSION In end-stage renal disease subjects, elevated serum leptin level seems to be associated with peripheral DNA damage and thus, may, in part, have a role in the development of DNA damage associated disorders.
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