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Lawler T, Walts ZL, Giurini L, Steinwandel M, Lipworth L, Murff HJ, Zheng W, Warren Andersen S. Metformin's role in lowering colorectal cancer risk among individuals with diabetes from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 90:102566. [PMID: 38518387 PMCID: PMC11108092 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, utilized to manage hyperglycemia, has been linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals with diabetes. However, evidence is lacking for non-Hispanic Black individuals and those with lower socioeconomic status (SES), who face elevated risk for both diabetes and CRC. In this study, we investigated the association between metformin use and incident CRC risk within the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a racially- and SES-diverse prospective cohort. METHODS Participants reported their diabetes diagnosis and medications, including metformin, upon enrollment (2002-2009) and during follow-up surveys approximately every five years. Incident cases of CRC were identified through state cancer registries and the National Death Index. Proportional hazards models were employed to explore the relationship between metformin use and CRC risk, adjusted for cancer risk factors. RESULTS A total of 25,992 participants with diabetes were included in the analysis, among whom 10,095 were taking metformin. Of these participants, 76% identified as non-Hispanic Black, and 60% reported household incomes <$15,000/year. Metformin use was associated with a significantly lower CRC risk (HR [95% CI]: 0.71 [0.55-0.93]), with consistent results for both colon (0.80 [0.59-1.07]) and rectal cancers (0.49 [0.28-0.86]). The protective association appeared to be stronger among non-Hispanic White individuals (0.51 [0.31-0.85]) compared to non-Hispanic Black participants (0.80 [0.59-1.08], p-interaction =.13). Additionally, a protective association was observed among obese individuals (BMI ≥30 kg/m2, 0.59 [0.43-0.82] but not among non-obese participants (0.99 [0.65-1.51], p-interaction =.05) CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of CRC in individuals with diabetes, including among those from predominantly low SES backgrounds. These results support previous epidemiological findings, and demonstrate that the protective association for metformin in relation to incident CRC likely generalizes to populations with higher underlying risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lawler
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Zoe L Walts
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Lauren Giurini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Mark Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, 1455 Research Blvd.; Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, 8th floor, Suite 800, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
| | - Harvey J Murff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 6012 Medical Center East, 1215 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, 1455 Research Blvd.; Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Madison, WI 53726, USA; International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, 1455 Research Blvd.; Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Fei-Zhang DJ, Schellenberg SJ, Bentrem DJ, Wayne JD, Pawlik TM. The associations of food environment with gastrointestinal cancer outcomes in the United States. J Surg Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38648421 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social conditions and dietary behaviors have been implicated in the rising burden of gastrointestinal cancers (GIC). The "food environment" reflects influences on a community level relative to food availability, nutritional assistance, and social determinants of health. Using the US Department of Agriculture-Food Environment Atlas (FEA), we sought to characterize the association of food environment on GIC presenting stage and long-term survival. METHODS Patients diagnosed with GIC between 2013 and 2017 were identified using the SEER database. FEA-scores were based on 282 county-level food security variables, store-restaurant availability, SNAP/WIC enrollment, pricing/taxes, and producer vicinity adjusted-for factors of socioeconomic status, race-ethnicity, transportation access, and comorbidities. Relative FEA rankings across US counties were averaged into a composite score and assigned to patients by county-of-residence. The association of FEA, cancer stage, and survival were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and cox-proportional hazard models relative to White/non-White race/ethnicity. RESULTS Among 287,148 patients, the most common GIC-sites were colon (n = 97,942, 34%), pancreas (n = 49,785, 17.3%), liver (n = 31,098, 11.0%) and esophagus (n = 16,271, 5.7%). A worse food environment was independently associated with increased odds of late-stage diagnosis (esophageal odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.05; hepatic OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.08; pancreatic OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06) among all patients; in contrast, food environment was associated with colorectal cancer stage among non-White patients only (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.06). Worse food environment was associated with worse 3-year survival (colon OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; hepatic OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08-1.17; gastric OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13). Similar associations were noted relative to overall survival among the entire cohort (biliary tract hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05; esophageal HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; hepatic HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.09; pancreatic HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05; rectum HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; gastric HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07), as well as among non-White patients (biliary HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07; colon HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05; esophageal HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08; hepatic HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06-1.10) (all p < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Food environment was independently associated with late-stage tumor presentation and worse 3-year and overall survival among GIC patients. Interventions to address inequities across communities relative to food environments are needed to alleviate disparities in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Fei-Zhang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - David J Bentrem
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Wayne
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Aloysius MM, Nikumbh T, Yadukumar L, Asija U, Shah NJ, Aswath G, John S, Goyal H. National Trends in the Incidence of Sporadic Malignant Colorectal Polyps in Young Patients (20-49 Years): An 18-Year SEER Database Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:673. [PMID: 38674319 PMCID: PMC11052004 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Conflicting guidelines exist for initiating average-risk colorectal cancer screening at the age of 45 years. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) changed its guidelines in 2021 to recommend initiating screening at 45 years due to an increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer. However, the American College of Physicians (ACP) recently recommended not screening average-risk individuals between 45 and 49 years old. We aim to study the national trends in the incidence of sporadic malignant polyps (SMP) in patients from 20 to 49 years old. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2017) on patients aged 20-49 years who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy with at least a single malignant sporadic colorectal polyp. Results: Of the 10,742 patients diagnosed with SMP, 42.9% were female. The mean age of incidence was 43.07 years (42.91-43.23, 95% CI). Approximately 50% of malignant polyps were diagnosed between 45 and 49 years of age, followed by 25-30% between 40 and 45. There was an upward trend in malignant polyps, with a decreased incidence of malignant villous adenomas and a rise in malignant adenomas and tubulovillous adenomas. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that almost half of the SMPs under 50 years occurred in individuals under age 45, younger than the current screening threshold recommended by the ACP. There has been an upward trend in malignant polyps in the last two decades. This reflects changes in tumor biology, and necessitates further research and support in the USPSTF guidelines to start screening at the age of 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Aloysius
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Syracuse, New York, NY 13210, USA; (M.M.A.)
| | - Tejas Nikumbh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18505, USA; (L.Y.); (U.A.)
| | - Lekha Yadukumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18505, USA; (L.Y.); (U.A.)
| | - Udit Asija
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18505, USA; (L.Y.); (U.A.)
| | - Niraj J. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ganesh Aswath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Syracuse, New York, NY 13210, USA; (M.M.A.)
| | - Savio John
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Syracuse, New York, NY 13210, USA; (M.M.A.)
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Advanced Endoscopy, Borland Groover Owntown Office, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
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Tan JY, Yeo YH, Ng WL, Fong ZV, Brady JT. How have US colorectal cancer mortality trends changed in the past 20 years? Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38525799 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In the last two decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality has been decreasing in the United States. However, the mortality trends for the different subtypes of CRC, including different sides of colon, rectosigmoid, and rectal cancer remain unclear. We analyzed the mortality trends of different subtypes of CRC based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research data from 1999 to 2020. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 individuals and examined the trends over time by estimating the average annual percent change (AAPC) using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Our study shows that the overall CRC rates decreased significantly from 26.42 to 15.98 per 100,000 individuals, with an AAPC of -2.41. However, the AAMR of rectosigmoid cancer increased significantly from 0.82 to 1.08 per 100,000 individuals, with the AAPC of +1.10. Men and Black individuals had the highest AAMRs respectively (23.90 vs. 26.93 per 100,000 individuals). The overall AAMR of CRC decreased for those aged ≥50 years but increased significantly from 1.02 to 1.58 per 100,000 individuals for those aged 15-49 years, with an AAPC of +0.75. Rural populations had a higher AAMR than the urban populations (22.40 vs. 19.60 per 100,000 individuals). Although overall CRC mortality declined, rising trends in young-onset CRC and rectosigmoid cancer warrant attention. Disparities persist in terms of sex, race, and geographic region, and urbanization level, emphasizing the need for targeted public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yong-Hao Yeo
- Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Wern Lynn Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhi Ven Fong
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Justin T Brady
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Huang X, Deng H, Zhang B, Wang K, Qu Y, Li T, Liu T. The causal relationship between cathepsins and digestive system tumors: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1365138. [PMID: 38590662 PMCID: PMC10999587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1365138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple studies have confirmed the significant role of cathepsins in the development and progression of digestive system tumors. However, further investigation is needed to determine the causal relationships. Methods We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study using pooled data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to assess the causal associations between nine cathepsins (cathepsin B, E, F, G, H, L2, O, S, and Z) and six types of digestive system tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic cancer (PCa), biliary tract cancer (BTC), colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric carcinoma (GC), and esophageal cancer (EC). We employed the following methods including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), Cochran's Q, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. The STROBE-MR checklist for the reporting of MR studies was used in this study. Results The risk of HCC increased with high levels of cathepsin G (IVW: p = 0.029, odds ratio (OR) = 1.369, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.033-1.814). Similarly, BTC was associated with elevated cathepsin B levels (IVW: p = 0.025, OR = 1.693, 95% CI = 1.070-2.681). Conversely, a reduction in PCa risk was associated with increased cathepsin H levels (IVW: p = 0.027, OR = 0.896, 95% CI = 0.812-0.988). Lastly, high levels of cathepsin L2 were found to lower the risk of CRC (IVW: p = 0.034, OR = 0.814, 95% CI = 0.674-0.985). Conclusion Our findings confirm the causal relationship between cathepsins and digestive system tumors, which can offer valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Huang
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Houbo Deng
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kuisong Wang
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Boyd T, Garcia-Fischer I, Silvernale C, Anyane-Yeboa A, Staller K. Differences in provider recommendations for Black/African American and White patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14742. [PMID: 38263758 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health disparities and barriers to equitable care for patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds are common. We sought to evaluate disparities in management recommendations among Black/African American (AA) patients seeking care for IBS. METHODS We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients at two tertiary care centers who were self-identifying as Black/AA and attended a first gastroenterology consult for IBS. These patients were age- and sex-matched to White controls with IBS also attending an initial gastroenterology consult. Retrospective chart review determined patient demographics, income, comorbidities, as well as provider management recommendations including pharmacologic therapies and non-pharmacologic interventions. KEY RESULTS Among 602 IBS patients ages 14-88 (M ± SD = 43.6 ± 18.6 years) with IBS, those who identified as Black/AA (n = 301) had a lower estimated mean income and were significantly more likely to have a number of specific chronic medical conditions. Black/AA patients were significantly less likely to have implemented dietary changes for symptoms prior to receiving a diagnosis of IBS from a gastroenterologist. Black/AA patients were also less likely to receive a referral to a dietician within 1 year following their diagnosis of IBS (p = 0.01). Black/AA patients were prescribed pharmacologic therapy more often for constipation (41.9% vs. 34.6%, p = 0.01). It was more common for White patients to present at the initial encounter having already initiated a neuromodulator (41.9% vs. 27.9%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION & INFERENCES Management recommendations for IBS appear to vary by race, specifically for dietary advice and referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Boyd
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Casey Silvernale
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle Staller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ma B, Lu Y. Racial Disparities in the Clinical Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients with COVID-19: a Retrospective Study in UC CORDS. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:216-225. [PMID: 36637614 PMCID: PMC9838534 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients are highly vulnerable to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Few studies have examined racial disparities of clinical prognosis among gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients with COVID-19, especially after the approval of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study based on the University of California COVID Research Data Set (UC CORDS). Patients aged ≥ 18 with GI cancer as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 10, 2020, and May 8, 2022, were included. We examined racial disparities using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 1054 GI cancer cases included, 117 (11.1%) patients were Asian and Pacific Islander, 51 (4.8%) were Black patients, 377 (35.8%) were Hispanic patients, 403 (38.2%) were White patients, and 106 (10.1%) belonged to other or unknown races. Fully adjusted logistic models revealed a significantly increased risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or emergency room visits among the Black (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.08-4.70), the Hispanic (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.48-3.39), and the patients of other or unknown races (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.00-3.26) compared with the White patients. No significant racial disparities in 30-day all-cause mortality and mechanical ventilation rate were found. Vaccination, age, cancer type, recent cancer diagnoses in UC CORDS, metastatic cancer or secondary malignant neoplasm, and Charlson comorbidity index score were associated with the prognosis of GI cancer patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS GI cancer patients belonging to racial minorities experience worse COVID-19 outcomes. Vaccination status is a crucial factor associated with GI cancer patients' prognosis among different race/ethnicity groups. Targeted communication in the context of cancer is needed to encourage vaccination uptake in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingya Ma
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Moon RH, Puttock EJ, Chen W, Luong TQ, Wu BU. Association of endoscopic biopsy sampling methods with detection of precursor lesions of gastric cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 99:204-213.e5. [PMID: 37717603 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The yield of various endoscopic biopsy sampling methods for detection of precursor lesions of noncardia gastric cancer in a real-world setting remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the association of endoscopic biopsy sampling methods with detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and gastric dysplasia (GD). METHODS We conducted a case-control study of adult patients who underwent EGD with biopsy sampling between 2010 and 2021 in a racially and ethnically diverse U.S. healthcare system. Cases were patients with histopathologic findings of GIM and/or GD. Control subjects were matched 1:1 by age, procedure date, and medical center. We compared the detection of GIM and GD using 4 different biopsy sampling methods: unspecified, specified stomach location, 2+2, and the Sydney protocol. Additionally, we assessed trends in use of sampling methods (Cochrane-Armitage) and identified patient and endoscopist factors associated with their use (logistic regression). RESULTS We identified 20,938 GIM and 455 GD matched pairs. A greater proportion of GIM cases were detected using 2+2 (31.3% vs 25.3%, P < .0001) and the Sydney protocol (9.1% vs 1.0%, P < .0001) compared with control subjects. Similarly, a greater proportion of GD cases were detected using the Sydney protocol (15.6% vs .4%, P < .0001). We observed an increasing trend in the use of the Sydney protocol during the study period (3.8%-16.1% in cases, P < .0001; 1%-1.1% in control subjects, P = .005). Male and Asian American patients were more likely to undergo 2+2 or the Sydney protocol, whereas female and Hispanic endoscopists were more likely to perform sampling using these protocols. CONCLUSIONS The application of the Sydney protocol is associated with an increased detection of precursor lesions of gastric cancer in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric J Puttock
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Wansu Chen
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Tiffany Q Luong
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Bechien U Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Los Angeles Medical Center, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Lawler T, Parlato L, Warren Andersen S. Racial disparities in colorectal cancer clinicopathological and molecular tumor characteristics: a systematic review. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:223-239. [PMID: 37688643 PMCID: PMC11090693 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE African Americans have the highest colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality of all racial groups in the USA, which may relate to differences in healthcare access or advanced stage at diagnosis. Recent evidence indicates that differences in tumor characteristics may also underlie disparities in mortality. To highlight recent findings and areas for investigation, we completed the first systematic review of racial disparities in CRC tumor prognostic markers, including clinicopathological markers, microsatellite instability (MSI), oncogene mutations, and novel markers, including cancer stem cells and immune markers. METHODS Relevant studies were identified via PubMed, limited to original research published within the last 10 years. Ninety-six articles were identified that compared the prevalence of mortality-related CRC tumor characteristics in African Americans (or other African ancestry populations) to White cases. RESULTS Tumors from African ancestry cases are approximately 10% more likely to contain mutations in KRAS, which confer elevated mortality and resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. Conversely, African Americans have approximately 50% lower odds for BRAF-mutant tumors, which occur less frequently but have similar effects on mortality and therapeutic resistance. There is less consistent evidence supporting disparities in mutations for other oncogenes, including PIK3CA, TP53, APC, NRAS, HER2, and PTEN, although higher rates of PIK3CA mutations and lower prevalence of MSI status for African ancestry cases are supported by recent evidence. Although emerging evidence suggests that immune markers reflecting anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment may be lower for African American cases, there is insufficient evidence to evaluate disparities in other novel markers, cancer stem cells, microRNAs, and the consensus molecular subtypes. CONCLUSION Higher rates of KRAS-mutant tumors in in African Americans may contribute to disparities in CRC mortality. Additional work is required to understand whether emerging markers, including immune cells, underlie the elevated CRC mortality observed for African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lawler
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa Parlato
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Suite 1007B, WARF, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
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Amikam U, Badeghiesh A, Baghlaf H, Brown R, Dahan MH. Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes in women with gastrointestinal system cancer in pregnancy. An evaluation of a population database. J Perinat Med 2024; 52:50-57. [PMID: 37678322 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2023-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer in pregnancy is a rare disease. Our aim was to evaluate the association between this type of cancer and pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nation-wide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). We included all women who delivered or had a maternal death in the US between 2004 and 2014. We compared women with an ICD-9 diagnosis of GIS cancer to those without. Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 9,096,788 women met inclusion criteria. Amongst them, 194 women (2/100,000) had a diagnosis of GIS cancer during pregnancy. Women with GIS cancer, compared to those without, were more likely to be Caucasian, older than 35 years of age, and to suffer from obesity, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes and thyroid disease. The cancer group had a lower rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery (aOR 0.2, 95 % CI 0.13-0.27, p<0.001), and a higher rate of preterm delivery (aOR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.21-2.82, p=0.04), and of maternal complications such as blood transfusion (aOR 24.7, 95 % CI 17.11-35.66, p<0.001), disseminated intravascular coagulation (aOR 14.56, 95 % CI 3.56-59.55, p<0.001), venous thromboembolism (aOR 9.4, 95 % CI 2.3-38.42, p=0.002) and maternal death (aOR 8.02, 95 % CI 2.55-25.34, p<0.001). Neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Women with a diagnosis of GIS cancer in pregnancy have a higher incidence of maternal complications including maternal death, without any differences in neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Amikam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ahmad Badeghiesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Haitham Baghlaf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Brown
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H Dahan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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11
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Tan SH, Guan CA, Bujang MA, Lai WH, Voon PJ, Sim EUH. Identification of phenomic data in the pathogenesis of cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the UK biobank. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1997. [PMID: 38263244 PMCID: PMC10805853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for a significant incidence and mortality rates of cancers globally. Utilization of a phenomic data approach allows researchers to reveal the mechanisms and molecular pathogenesis of these conditions. We aimed to investigate the association between the phenomic features and GI cancers in a large cohort study. We included 502,369 subjects aged 37-73 years in the UK Biobank recruited since 2006, followed until the date of the first cancer diagnosis, date of death, or the end of follow-up on December 31st, 2016, whichever occurred first. Socio-demographic factors, blood chemistry, anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors of participants collected at baseline assessment were analysed. Unvariable and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to determine the significant risk factors for the outcomes of interest, based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analysis included a total of 441,141 participants, of which 7952 (1.8%) were incident GI cancer cases and 433,189 were healthy controls. A marker, cystatin C was associated with total and each gastrointestinal cancer (adjusted OR 2.43; 95% CI 2.23-2.64). In this cohort, compared to Asians, the Whites appeared to have a higher risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers. Several other factors were associated with distinct GI cancers. Cystatin C and race appear to be important features in GI cancers, suggesting some overlap in the molecular pathogenesis of GI cancers. Given the small proportion of Asians within the UK Biobank, the association between race and GI cancers requires further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hui Tan
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.
| | - Catherina Anak Guan
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Adam Bujang
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wei Hong Lai
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Pei Jye Voon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Palliative Care, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Edmund Ui Hang Sim
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
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12
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Nwaokorie A, Kolch W, Fey D. A Systems Biology Approach to Understand the Racial Disparities in Colorectal Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:103-117. [PMID: 38051091 PMCID: PMC10785768 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Racial disparities between Black/African Americans (AA) and White patients in colorectal cancer are an ever-growing area of concern. Black/AA show the highest incidence and have the highest mortality among major U.S. racial groups. There is no definite cause other than possible sociodemographic, socioeconomic, education, nutrition, delivery of healthcare, screening, and cultural factors. A primary limitation in this field is the lack of and small sample size of Black/AA studies. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether differences in gene expression contribute to this ongoing unanswered racial disparity issue. In this study, we examined transcriptomic data of Black/AA and White patient cohorts using a bioinformatic and systems biology approach. We performed a Kaplan-Meier overall survival analysis between both patient cohorts across critical colorectal cancer signal transduction networks (STN), to determine the differences in significant genes across each cohort. Other bioinformatic analyses performed included PROGENy (pathway responsive genes for activity inference), RNA sequencing differential expression using DESeq2, multivariable-adjusted regression, and other associated Kaplan-Meier analyses. These analyses identified novel prognostic genes independent from each cohort, 176 differentially expressed genes, and specific patient cohort STN survival associations. Despite the overarching limitation, the results revealed several novel differences in gene expression between the colorectal cancer Black/AA and White patient cohorts, which allows one to dive deeper into and understand the behavior on a systems level of what could be driving this racial difference across colorectal cancer. Concretely, this information can guide precision medicine approaches tailored specifically for colorectal cancer racial disparities. SIGNIFICANCE The purpose of this work is to investigate the racial disparities in colorectal cancer between Black/AA and White patient cohorts using a systems biology and bioinformatic approach. Our study investigates the underlying biology of each patient cohort. Concretely, the findings of this study include disparity-associated genes and pathways, which provide a tangible starting point to guide precision medicine approaches tailored specifically for colorectal cancer racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Nwaokorie
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Potter D, Valera P. Health Is Power, and Health Is Wealth: Understanding the Motivators and Barriers of African American/Black Male Immigrants With Gastrointestinal Conditions. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241227333. [PMID: 38311894 PMCID: PMC10846062 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241227333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The digestive health of African American/Black male immigrants in the United States has not been previously studied. Much of what is known about gastrointestinal (GI) concerns in this population is based on studies conducted on the overall Black American population. The purpose of this narrative study was to understand how African American/Black male immigrants with GI concerns navigated their GI condition. Fifteen African American/Black male immigrants from various cities in the United States participated in two remote focus groups to discover what motivates them to take control of their illness. Narrative analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Most men, 47% (n = 7), did not have health insurance, and 67% (n = 10) reported their income was less than US$52,000. The themes identified were: (1) lack of knowledge of GI, (2) denial of initial diagnosis, (3) self-discipline, (4) positive provider interactions, (5) health as a priority, and (6) advice to other African American/Black male immigrants experiencing GI. A strengths-based approach is necessary for describing the health-seeking behaviors among African American/Black male immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Potter
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pamela Valera
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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14
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Rutter CM, Nascimento de Lima P, Maerzluft CE, May FP, Murphy CC. Black-White disparities in colorectal cancer outcomes: a simulation study of screening benefit. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:196-203. [PMID: 37947338 PMCID: PMC10637026 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The US Black population has higher colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates and worse CRC survival than the US White population, as well as historically lower rates of CRC screening. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence rate data in people diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 45 years, before routine CRC screening is recommended, were analyzed to estimate temporal changes in CRC risk in Black and White populations. There was a rapid rise in rectal and distal colon cancer incidence in the White population but not the Black population, and little change in proximal colon cancer incidence for both groups. In 2014-2018, CRC incidence per 100 000 was 17.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.3 to 19.9) among Black individuals aged 40-44 years and 16.6 (95% CI = 15.6 to 17.6) among White individuals aged 40-44 years; 42.3% of CRCs diagnosed in Black patients were proximal colon cancer, and 41.1% of CRCs diagnosed in White patients were rectal cancer. Analyses used a race-specific microsimulation model to project screening benefits, based on life-years gained and lifetime reduction in CRC incidence, assuming these Black-White differences in CRC risk and location. The projected benefits of screening (via either colonoscopy or fecal immunochemical testing) were greater in the Black population, suggesting that observed Black-White differences in CRC incidence are not driven by differences in risk. Projected screening benefits were sensitive to survival assumptions made for Black populations. Building racial disparities in survival into the model reduced projected screening benefits, which can bias policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Rutter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christopher E Maerzluft
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Folasade P May
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin C Murphy
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Bai T, Peng J, Zhu X, Wu C. Vegetarian diets and the risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:1244-1252. [PMID: 37724454 PMCID: PMC10538608 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The systematic review aimed to assess the association between vegetarian diet and the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2022 for observational studies on vegetarian diets and the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. The primary outcome was morbidity due to gastrointestinal cancer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Pooled effects were analyzed using a random-effects model. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42022310187). Eight original studies (seven cohorts and one case-control), involving 686 691 participants, were included. Meta-analysis showed a negative correlation between vegetarian diets and gastrointestinal tumorigenesis risk [relative risk (RR) equals 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) is (0.65-0.90)], compared with non-vegetarian diets. Subgroup analysis indicated that vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risks of gastric cancer [RR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.28-0.61)] and colorectal cancer [RR = 0.85, 95% CI (0.76-0.95)], but not with that of upper gastrointestinal cancer (excluding stomach) [RR = 0.93, 95% CI (0.61-1.42)]. Vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in men [RR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.36-0.91)], but were uncorrelated in women [RR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.71-1.11)]. Vegetarian diets were negatively correlated with the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in North American [RR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.61-0.95)] and Asian populations [RR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.26-0.72)] and were uncorrelated in the European population [RR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.68-1.01)]. Adhering to vegetarian diets reduces the risk of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. More data from well-conducted cohort and other studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Bai
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina & School of Regimen and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinqi Zhu
- School of Foreign Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
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16
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Zhao L, Liu W, Chu L, Luo L. Factors associated with survival in paediatric and adolescent renal cell carcinoma: a population-based study. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2710-2715. [PMID: 37458221 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to conduct a population-based study to determine the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in children and adolescents. METHODS Patients with RCC who were registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program between 2000 and 2018 had their demographic and clinical characteristics evaluated retrospectively. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to generate survival curves based on various factors. To identify factors associated with overall survival, Cox proportional-hazards regression was used. RESULTS A total of 251 patients were enrolled in the study. For all patients, the overall survival (OS) rates at 3- and 5- year were 93.5% and 92.0%, respectively. A multivariable study revealed that the following factors were independently associated with overall survival: sex, race, histologic type, SEER stage, AJCC stage, and type of surgery. Cox analysis showed that white patients had the lowest risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33-4.99; P = 0.005), compared with black patients. Patients having metastatic disease had significantly higher mortality risk (HR 43, 95% CI, 14.8-125; P < 0.001) than the patients with localized tumour. CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasizes the importance of race, SEER stage, and surgery in the prognosis of paediatric RCC, providing valuable epidemiological evidence for clinical practice. Economic studies assessing a race/ethnic group specific strategy are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Likai Chu
- Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Laiyue Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Anji Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Anji County People's Hospital, Huzhou, China
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17
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Wall NR, Fuller RN, Morcos A, De Leon M. Pancreatic Cancer Health Disparity: Pharmacologic Anthropology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5070. [PMID: 37894437 PMCID: PMC10605341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PCa) remains a formidable global health challenge, with high mortality rates and limited treatment options. While advancements in pharmacology have led to improved outcomes for various cancers, PCa continues to exhibit significant health disparities, disproportionately affecting certain populations. This paper explores the intersection of pharmacology and anthropology in understanding the health disparities associated with PCa. By considering the socio-cultural, economic, and behavioral factors that influence the development, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of PCa, pharmacologic anthropology provides a comprehensive framework to address these disparities and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Wall
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (R.N.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Ryan N. Fuller
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (R.N.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Ann Morcos
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (R.N.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Marino De Leon
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
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18
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Liu JJ, DeCuir N, Kia L, Peterson J, Miller C, Issaka RB. Tools to Measure the Impact of Structural Racism and Discrimination on Gastrointestinal and Hepatology Disease Outcomes: A Scoping Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2759-2788.e6. [PMID: 36549469 PMCID: PMC10279803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Structural racism and discrimination (SRD) are important upstream determinants of health perpetuated by discriminatory laws and policies. Therefore, measuring SRD and its impact on health is critical to developing interventions that address resultant health disparities. We aimed to identify gastrointestinal (GI) or liver studies that report measures of SRD or interventions to achieve health equity in these domains by addressing upstream determinants of health. METHODS We conducted a scoping review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses scoping reviews guidelines. Studies that used an SRD measure or examined an upstream intervention in GI or liver disease were included. Studies that described health disparities in GI or liver conditions without mentioning SRD were excluded. Study characteristics, findings, and limitations were extracted. RESULTS Forty-six articles (19 studies using SRD measures and 27 studies of upstream interventions) were identified. Measures of residential racial segregation were reported most frequently. SRD was associated with poorer health outcomes for racial and ethnic minority populations. Although upstream intervention studies focused primarily on policies related to colon cancer screening and organ graft allocation, racial and ethnic disparities often persisted post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS To achieve health equity in GI and liver conditions, there is an urgent need for research that goes beyond describing health disparities to incorporating measures of SRD and implementing interventions that address this understudied determinant of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy J Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicole DeCuir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Leila Kia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonna Peterson
- Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Corinne Miller
- Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rachel B Issaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Clinical Research and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington; Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington.
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19
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Selvakumar T, Mu SZ, Prasath V, Arjani S, Chokshi RJ, Kra J. Colon cancer epidemiology, race and socioeconomic status: Comparing trends in counties served by an urban hospital in Newark, NJ with overall NJ-state and nation-wide patterns. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 86:102412. [PMID: 37421846 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) trends are linked with socioeconomic status (SES) and race. To better understand the colon cancer trends at our medical center, this study characterizes the racial and socioeconomic profile of the population served by our center to identify modifiable risk factors amenable to interventions. METHODS Colon cancer data from our center as well as New Jersey (NJ) and United States (US) were obtained from National Cancer Database. Demographic data on race and SES for NJ counties were obtained from public databases that sourced data from the American Community Survey and the US census. We compared the odds of being diagnosed with early-onset and late-stage colon cancer (III or IV), respectively in NJ and US, across different racial groups. We also quantified the association between Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and age-adjusted CRC mortality in NJ counties, with and without accounting for the racial composition of each county. RESULTS In 2015, our center recorded higher proportions of late-stage and early-onset colon cancer diagnoses compared to all hospitals in NJ and US. Trends for stage and patient age at diagnosis of colon cancer for NJ and the US (2010-2019) showed that Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals had greater odds of being diagnosed with early-onset (age<50) and late-stage colon cancer (Stage III/IV) when compared to White population. NJ counties served by our center showed an overrepresentation of either Black or Hispanic-Latino populations and reported significant disadvantage in SES. For NJ counties, each 25 percentile increase in social vulnerability was associated with 1.04 times the rate of age-adjusted colorectal cancer death (95 % CI: 1.00-1.07). CONCLUSION Public data on race and SES of the target population can help identify areas of social disparities at the county-level to guide targeted interventions such as improving healthcare access and screening rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Ziming Mu
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Vishnu Prasath
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Simran Arjani
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ravi J Chokshi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Joshua Kra
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey at University Hospital, United States.
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20
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Piawah S, Kyaw TS, Trepka K, Stewart AL, Mora RV, Stanfield D, Levine K, Van Blarigan EL, Venook A, Turnbaugh PJ, Nguyen T, Atreya CE. Associations between the Gut Microbiota, Race, and Ethnicity of Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot and Feasibility Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4546. [PMID: 37760515 PMCID: PMC10526839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is more prevalent among some racial and ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status populations. Although the gut microbiota is a risk factor for CRC and varies with race and ethnicity, its role in CRC disparities remains poorly understood. METHODS We examined the feasibility of recruiting sociodemographically diverse CRC patients for a microbiome study involving a home stool collection. We also explored whether race and ethnicity were associated with gut microbiome composition. We recruited Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic White patients who were receiving care for active CRC to complete a comprehensive dietary and lifestyle survey, self-collect a stool sample, and complete an exit interview. Gut microbial diversity and composition were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS 30 individuals consented (of 35 who were eligible and contacted) with 5 (17%) Black/African American, 11 (37%) Hispanic/Latino, and 14 (46%) non-Hispanic White. A total of 22 (73%) completed the dietary and lifestyle survey; 18 (63%) returned a stool sample. Even after controlling for socioeconomic, dietary, or treatment-related covariates, microbiome composition was associated with race and ethnicity. Fusobacteriota (a phylum associated with the development and progression of CRC) was significantly higher in the Black/African American group compared to others, and microbial diversity was higher in samples from non-Hispanic White individuals compared to Hispanic/Latino individuals. CONCLUSION Our study shows that it is feasible to recruit and collect stool samples from diverse individuals with CRC and found significant associations in gut microbial structure with race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorbarikor Piawah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Than S. Kyaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kai Trepka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anita L. Stewart
- UCSF Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rosa V. Mora
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dalila Stanfield
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kendall Levine
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Erin L. Van Blarigan
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
| | - Alan Venook
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter J. Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 92521, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 40385, USA
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chloe E. Atreya
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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21
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Tai AW, Sewell JL. How to Effectively Engage With Preclinical Medical Learners. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:529-533. [PMID: 37209950 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Medicine Service, Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Justin L Sewell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
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22
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Han CJ, Tounkara F, Kalady M, Noonan AM, Burse NR, Paskett ED, Von Ah D. Risk Factors of Health-Related Quality of Life among Gastrointestinal Cancer Survivors in the U.S.: With a Focus on Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health (SBDH). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6676. [PMID: 37681816 PMCID: PMC10487530 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of long-term gastrointestinal (GI) cancer survivors highlight the importance of understanding the factors contributing to their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We investigated the risk factors of HRQoL, including demographics, clinical characteristics, and social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH). METHODS Data on adult GI cancer survivors (n = 3201) from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys from 2014-2021 (except for 2015) were analyzed. Unadjusted/adjusted logistic regression was used. RESULTS The majority were women (54%) and white (78%), with a median age of 67. Survivors who were 65 years or older, diagnosed with colorectal cancer, or who had fewer comorbidities were more likely to report significantly better HRQoL. Significant social factors of poor HRQoL included unmarried, racial and ethnic minorities, poor socioeconomic status, and poor healthcare access. Significant behavioral factors of poor HRQoL were lack of physical activity, heavy alcohol consumption, and current smoking, with lack of physical activity being the most significant factor. CONCLUSIONS The SBDH has a critical role in HRQoL. Future studies are warranted to develop a tailored survivorship intervention, such as physical rehabilitation, and to explore machine learning/artificial intelligence-based predictive models to identify cancer survivors at a high risk of developing poor HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. Han
- Center for Healthy Aging, Self-Management and Complex Care, College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Ohio State University-James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.T.); (M.K.); (A.M.N.); (E.D.P.)
| | - Fode Tounkara
- Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Ohio State University-James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.T.); (M.K.); (A.M.N.); (E.D.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew Kalady
- Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Ohio State University-James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.T.); (M.K.); (A.M.N.); (E.D.P.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ohio State University-James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anne M. Noonan
- Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Ohio State University-James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.T.); (M.K.); (A.M.N.); (E.D.P.)
- GI Medical Oncology Selection, Ohio State University-James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Natasha R. Burse
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Ohio State University-James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.T.); (M.K.); (A.M.N.); (E.D.P.)
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Diane Von Ah
- Center for Healthy Aging, Self-Management and Complex Care, College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Ohio State University-James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.T.); (M.K.); (A.M.N.); (E.D.P.)
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23
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Cai S, Chang C, Zhang X, Qiao W. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness difference of SARS-COV-2 mRNA vaccine in different populations in the real world: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34805. [PMID: 37653835 PMCID: PMC10470718 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has ravaged the world since December 2019. Up to now, it is still prevalent around the world. Vaccines are an important means to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and reduce severe disease and mortality. Currently, different types of novel coronavirus vaccines are still being developed and improved, and the relevant vaccines that have been approved for marketing have been widely vaccinated around the world. As vaccination coverage continues to grow, concerns about the efficacy and safety of vaccines after real-world use have grown. Some clinical studies have shown that vaccine effectiveness is closely related to antibody response after vaccination. Among them, the advantages of COVID-19 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine, such as better adaptability to variant strains and better immune response ability, have attracted great attention. However, different populations with different genders, ages, previous COVID-19 infection history, underlying diseases and treatments will show different antibody responses after mRNA vaccination, which will affect the protection of the vaccine. Based on this, this paper reviews the reports related severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines, and summarizes the effectiveness of vaccines in different populations and different disease states and looked forward to the precise vaccination strategy of the vaccine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunyan Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weizhen Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Silva JMC, Teixeira EB, Mourão RMDS, Ferraz RS, Moreira FC, de Assumpção PP, Calcagno DQ. The landscape of lncRNAs in gastric cancer: from molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237723. [PMID: 37670949 PMCID: PMC10476871 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent and deadly malignant neoplasm worldwide. Currently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been identified as crucial regulators implicated in GC development and progression. Dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is commonly associated with enhanced tumor migration, invasiveness, and therapy resistance, highlighting their potential as promising targets for clinical applications. This review offers a comprehensive historical overview of lncRNAs in GC, describes the molecular mechanisms, and discusses the prospects and challenges of establishing lncRNAs as precision biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafaella Sousa Ferraz
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Pará, Brazil
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25
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Liu G, Li T, Zhu X, Zhang X, Wang J. An independent evaluation in a CRC patient cohort of microbiome 16S rRNA sequence analysis methods: OTU clustering, DADA2, and Deblur. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1178744. [PMID: 37560524 PMCID: PMC10408458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1178744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
16S rRNA is the universal gene of microbes, and it is often used as a target gene to obtain profiles of microbial communities via next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Traditionally, sequences are clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97% threshold based on the taxonomic standard using 16S rRNA, and methods for the reduction of sequencing errors are bypassed, which may lead to false classification units. Several denoising algorithms have been published to solve this problem, such as DADA2 and Deblur, which can correct sequencing errors at single-nucleotide resolution by generating amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). As high-resolution ASVs are becoming more popular than OTUs and only one analysis method is usually selected in a particular study, there is a need for a thorough comparison of OTU clustering and denoising pipelines. In this study, three of the most widely used 16S rRNA methods (two denoising algorithms, DADA2 and Deblur, along with de novo OTU clustering) were thoroughly compared using 16S rRNA amplification sequencing data generated from 358 clinical stool samples from the Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening Cohort. Our findings indicated that all approaches led to similar taxonomic profiles (with P > 0.05 in PERMNAOVA and P <0.001 in the Mantel test), although the number of ASVs/OTUs and the alpha-diversity indices varied considerably. Despite considerable differences in disease-related markers identified, disease-related analysis showed that all methods could result in similar conclusions. Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonas, Gemella, and Haemophilus were identified by all three methods as enriched in the CRC group, while Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, and Blautia were identified by all three methods as enriched in the healthy group. In addition, disease-diagnostic models generated using machine learning algorithms based on the data from these different methods all achieved good diagnostic efficiency (AUC: 0.87-0.89), with the model based on DADA2 producing the highest AUC (0.8944 and 0.8907 in the training set and test set, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in performance between the models (P >0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that DADA2, Deblur, and de novo OTU clustering display similar power levels in taxa assignment and can produce similar conclusions in the case of the CRC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Guangdong Hongyuan Pukong Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuanping Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Aminawung JA, Soulos PR, Oladeru OT, Lin H, Gonsalves L, Puglisi LB, Hassan S, Richman IB, Wang EA, Gross CP. Cancer incidence among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals: A statewide retrospective cohort study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15447-15454. [PMID: 37248772 PMCID: PMC10417084 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer incidence among individuals with incarceration exposure has been rarely studied due to the absence of linked datasets. This study examined cancer incidence during incarceration and postincarceration compared to the general population using a statewide linked cohort. METHODS We constructed a retrospective cohort from a linkage of state tumor registry and correctional system data for Connecticut residents from 2005 to 2016, and identified cancers diagnosed during and within 12 months postincarceration. We estimated incidence rates (including for screen-detectable cancers) and calculated the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for the incarcerated and recently released populations, relative to the general population. We also examined cancer incidence by race and ethnicity within each group. RESULTS Cancer incidence was lower in incarcerated individuals (SIR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.56-0.72), but higher in recently released individuals (SIR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.23-1.47) compared with the general population, and across all race and ethnic strata. Similarly, nonscreen-detectable cancer incidence was lower in incarcerated and higher in recently released populations compared to the general population. However, non-Hispanic Black individuals had elevated incidence of screen-detectable cancers compared with non-Hispanic White individuals across all three populations (incarcerated, SIR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.03-2.53; recently released, SIR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.32-2.47; and general population, SIR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.16-1.21). CONCLUSION Compared with the general population, incarcerated persons have a lower cancer incidence, whereas recently released persons have a higher cancer incidence. Irrespective of incarceration status, non-Hispanic Black individuals have a higher incidence of screen-detectable cancers compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. Supplemental studies examining cancer screening and diagnoses during incarceration are needed to discern the reasons for observed disparities in incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenerius A. Aminawung
- Department of Internal Medicine, SEICHE Center for Health and JusticeYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) CenterYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Pamela R. Soulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) CenterYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Hsiu‐Ju Lin
- School of Social WorkUniversity of ConnecticutHartfordConnecticutUSA
- Research DivisionConnecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction ServicesHartfordConnecticutUSA
| | - Lou Gonsalves
- Connecticut Tumor Registry, Connecticut Department of Public HealthHartfordConnecticutUSA
| | - Lisa B. Puglisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, SEICHE Center for Health and JusticeYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Sirad Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) CenterYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ilana B. Richman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) CenterYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Emily A. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, SEICHE Center for Health and JusticeYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Cary P. Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) CenterYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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27
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Lei B, Jiang X, Saxena A. TCGA Expression Analyses of 10 Carcinoma Types Reveal Clinically Significant Racial Differences. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2695. [PMID: 37345032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal disparities in cancer incidence and outcome rates between racial groups in the United States. In our study, we investigated molecular differences between racial groups in 10 carcinoma types. We used publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify patterns of differential gene expression in tumor samples obtained from 4112 White, Black/African American, and Asian patients. We identified race-dependent expression of numerous genes whose mRNA transcript levels were significantly correlated with patients' survival. Only a small subset of these genes was differentially expressed in multiple carcinomas, including genes involved in cell cycle progression such as CCNB1, CCNE1, CCNE2, and FOXM1. In contrast, most other genes, such as transcriptional factor ETS1 and apoptotic gene BAK1, were differentially expressed and clinically significant only in specific cancer types. Our analyses also revealed race-dependent, cancer-specific regulation of biological pathways. Importantly, homology-directed repair and ERBB4-mediated nuclear signaling were both upregulated in Black samples compared to White samples in four carcinoma types. This large-scale pan-cancer study refines our understanding of the cancer health disparity and can help inform the use of novel biomarkers in clinical settings and the future development of precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lei
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, New York, NY 11210, USA
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, New York, NY 11210, USA
- Biology and Biochemistry Programs, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, New York, NY 11210, USA
- Biology and Biochemistry Programs, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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28
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Harrold E, Latham A, Pemmaraju N, Lieu CH. Early-Onset GI Cancers: Rising Trends, Genetic Risks, Novel Strategies, and Special Considerations. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e398068. [PMID: 37235819 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_398068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancers in young adults (commonly described as early-onset [EO] cancer) represent a group of malignancies that have unique and challenging biology and genetic, treatment, social, and psychological implications. Even more concerning is a rising trend of EO cancers in multiple tumor types. Research and investigation in EO cancers will help elucidate mechanisms of carcinogenesis, differences in biology and response to treatment, and the need for multidisciplinary care to ensure comprehensive treatment and support for young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Harrold
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alicia Latham
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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29
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Chiec L, Benson AB. Disparities in gastrointestinal cancers. J Natl Med Assoc 2023; 115:S13-S18. [PMID: 37201999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Chiec
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Al B Benson
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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30
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Jardim SR, de Souza LMP, de Souza HSP. The Rise of Gastrointestinal Cancers as a Global Phenomenon: Unhealthy Behavior or Progress? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3640. [PMID: 36834334 PMCID: PMC9962127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The overall burden of cancer is rapidly increasing worldwide, reflecting not only population growth and aging, but also the prevalence and spread of risk factors. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including stomach, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, represent more than a quarter of all cancers. While smoking and alcohol use are the risk factors most commonly associated with cancer development, a growing consensus also includes dietary habits as relevant risk factors for GI cancers. Current evidence suggests that socioeconomic development results in several lifestyle modifications, including shifts in dietary habits from local traditional diets to less-healthy Western diets. Moreover, recent data indicate that increased production and consumption of processed foods underlies the current pandemics of obesity and related metabolic disorders, which are directly or indirectly associated with the emergence of various chronic noncommunicable conditions and GI cancers. However, environmental changes are not restricted to dietary patterns, and unhealthy behavioral features should be analyzed with a holistic view of lifestyle. In this review, we discussed the epidemiological aspects, gut dysbiosis, and cellular and molecular characteristics of GI cancers and explored the impact of unhealthy behaviors, diet, and physical activity on developing GI cancers in the context of progressive societal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigues Jardim
- Division of Worker’s Health, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucila Marieta Perrotta de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, RJ, Brazil
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31
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Cénat JM, Dromer É, Darius WP, Dalexis RD, Furyk SE, Poisson H, Mansoub Bekarkhanechi F, Shah M, Diao DG, Gedeon AP, Lebel S, Labelle PR. Incidence, factors, and disparities related to cancer among Black individuals in Canada: A scoping review. Cancer 2023; 129:335-355. [PMID: 36436148 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Canada, two of five individuals will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime and one in four will die from this disease. Given the disparities observed in health research among Black individuals, we conducted a scoping review to analyze the state of cancer research in Canadian Black communities regarding prevalence, incidence, screening, mortality, and related factors to observe advances and identify gaps and disparities. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was developed and executed in December 2021 across 10 databases (e.g., Embase). Of 3451 studies generated by the search, 19 were retained for extraction and included in this study. RESULTS Studies were focused on a variety of cancer types among Black individuals including anal, breast, cervical, colorectal, gastric, lung, and prostate cancers. They included data on incidence, stage of cancer at diagnosis, type of care received, diagnostic interval length, and screening. A few studies also demonstrated racial disparities among Black individuals. This research reveals disparities in screening, incidence, and quality of care among Black individuals in Canada. CONCLUSIONS Given the gaps observed in cancer studies among Black individuals, federal and provincial governments and universities should consider creating special funds to generate research on this important health issue. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Important gaps were observed on research on cancer among Black communities in Canada. Studies included in the scoping review highlights disparities in screening, incidence, and quality of care among Black individuals in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Élisabeth Dromer
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wina Paul Darius
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hannah Poisson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Guangyu Diao
- Faculty of Arts and Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Lebel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Pancreatic Cancer Incidence Trends by Race, Ethnicity, Age and Sex in the United States: A Population-Based Study, 2000-2018. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030870. [PMID: 36765827 PMCID: PMC9913805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pancreatic cancer (PC) incidence is increasing at a greater rate in young women compared to young men. We performed a race- and ethnicity-specific evaluation of incidence trends in subgroups stratified by age and sex to investigate the association of race and ethnicity with these trends. METHODS Age-adjusted PC incidence rates (IR) from the years 2000 to 2018 were obtained from the SEER 21 database. Non-Hispanic White (White), Non-Hispanic Black (Black) and Hispanic patients were included. Age categories included older (ages ≥ 55) and younger (ages < 55) adults. Time-trends were described as annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC). RESULTS Younger White [AAPC difference = 0.73, p = 0.01)], Black [AAPC difference = 1.96, p = 0.01)] and Hispanic [AAPC difference = 1.55, p = 0.011)] women experienced a greater rate of increase in IR compared to their counterpart men. Younger Hispanic women experienced a greater rate of increase in IR compared to younger Black women [AAPC difference = -1.28, p = 0.028)] and younger White women [AAPC difference = -1.35, p = 0.011)]. CONCLUSION Younger women of all races and ethnicities experienced a greater rate of increase in PC IR compared to their counterpart men; however, younger Hispanic and Black women experienced a disproportionately greater increase. Hispanic women experienced a greater rate of increase in IR compared to younger Black and White women.
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33
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Belleau P, Deschênes A, Chambwe N, Tuveson DA, Krasnitz A. Genetic Ancestry Inference from Cancer-Derived Molecular Data across Genomic and Transcriptomic Platforms. Cancer Res 2023; 83:49-58. [PMID: 36351074 PMCID: PMC9811156 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Genetic ancestry-oriented cancer research requires the ability to perform accurate and robust genetic ancestry inference from existing cancer-derived data, including whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and targeted gene panels, very often in the absence of matching cancer-free genomic data. Here we examined the feasibility and accuracy of computational inference of genetic ancestry relying exclusively on cancer-derived data. A data synthesis framework was developed to optimize and assess the performance of the ancestry inference for any given input cancer-derived molecular profile. In its core procedure, the ancestral background of the profiled patient is replaced with one of any number of individuals with known ancestry. The data synthesis framework is applicable to multiple profiling platforms, making it possible to assess the performance of inference specifically for a given molecular profile and separately for each continental-level ancestry; this ability extends to all ancestries, including those without statistically sufficient representation in the existing cancer data. The inference procedure was demonstrated to be accurate and robust in a wide range of sequencing depths. Testing of the approach in four representative cancer types and across three molecular profiling modalities showed that continental-level ancestry of patients can be inferred with high accuracy, as quantified by its agreement with the gold standard of deriving ancestry from matching cancer-free molecular data. This study demonstrates that vast amounts of existing cancer-derived molecular data are potentially amenable to ancestry-oriented studies of the disease without requiring matching cancer-free genomes or patient self-reported ancestry. SIGNIFICANCE The development of a computational approach that enables accurate and robust ancestry inference from cancer-derived molecular profiles without matching cancer-free data provides a valuable methodology for genetic ancestry-oriented cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Belleau
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Astrid Deschênes
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Nyasha Chambwe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - David A. Tuveson
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Alexander Krasnitz
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
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Shingina A, Han X, Fan L, Murff H, Coffey R, Milne GL, Dai Q, Shrubsole M. Investigation of Novel Urinary Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in a Predominantly African American Population: A Case-Control Study. Gastrointest Tumors 2023; 10:29-37. [PMID: 38590513 PMCID: PMC11001286 DOI: 10.1159/000538131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction African Americans are at increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to other racial and ethnic groups. We investigated the associations of four urinary biomarkers of prostaglandin E2 (PGE-M), prostacyclin (PGI-M), and thromboxane (11dTxB2) synthesis and the ratio of PGI-M to 11dTXB2 with HCC risk in a cohort of predominantly African American populations. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study (50 cases; 43 with HCC, 151 controls) in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a large prospective cohort study including over 80,000 study participants, of whom two-thirds are African Americans. Urine samples were collected at enrollment and subsequently analyzed to assess biomarker levels. Multivariable regression models adjusted for age, race, sex, BMI, smoking status, NSAID use, education level, income, and alcohol consumption were used to assess the relationship between the biomarker and HCC risk. Results Only 11dTxB2 (OR = 11.50; 95% CI [2.34-56.47] for highest tertile vs. lowest tertile, p = 0.004) and the PGI-M/11dTXB2 ratio of the second quartile (0.25-0.49) (OR = 5.16; 95% CI [1.44-18.47]; p = 0.01) were significantly associated with increased risk of liver cancer. Conclusion 11dTXB2 and PGI-M/11dTXB2 ratio may be urinary markers of HCC risk, particularly among African Americans, and future prospective studies are needed to evaluate this finding further and to develop accessible methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Shingina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xijing Han
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lei Fan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harvey Murff
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert Coffey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Raut P, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Clinical and Molecular Attributes and Evaluation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188851. [PMID: 36535512 PMCID: PMC9898173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are all considered "Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs)" and show a varying risk of developing into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These lesions display different molecular characteristics, mutations, and clinical manifestations. A lack of detailed understanding of PCN subtype characteristics and their molecular mechanisms limits the development of efficient diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for these lesions. Proper in vivo mouse models that mimic human PCNs are also needed to study the molecular mechanisms and for therapeutic testing. A comprehensive understanding of the current status of PCN biology, mechanisms, current diagnostic methods, and therapies will help in the early detection and proper management of patients with these lesions and PDAC. This review aims to describe all these aspects of PCNs, specifically IPMNs, by describing the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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Rural Embodiment and Community Health: an Anthropological Case Study on Biocultural Determinants of Tropical Disease Infection and Immune System Development in the USA. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2023; 10:26-39. [PMID: 36714157 PMCID: PMC9868515 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-023-00282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Biocultural methods are critically important for identifying environmental and socioeconomic factors linked with tropical disease risk and outcomes. For example, embodiment theory refers to the process by which lived experiences impact individual biology. Increased exposure to pathogens, chronic psychosocial stress, and unequal resource access are all outcomes linked with discrimination and poverty. Through lived experiences, race and socioeconomic inequality can literally become embodied-get under the skin and affect physiology-impacting immune responses and contributing to lifelong health disparities. Yet, few studies have investigated tropical disease patterns and associated immune function using embodiment theory to understand lasting physiological impacts associated with living in a high-pathogen environment. Recent Findings Here, we use preliminary data drawn from the Rural Embodiment and Community Health (REACH) study to assess whether pathogen exposure and immune stimulation within a sample of children from the Mississippi Delta are associated with household income. We also test whether immune marker levels-assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using dried blood spot samples-vary between the REACH sample and a similarly aged nationally representative NHANES sample. Immune marker levels did not differ significantly between REACH participants living below vs. above the federal poverty line, yet immunoglobulin E levels-a marker of macroparasite infection-were higher among REACH study participants compared to the NHANES sample. Summary These results may suggest community-level pathogenic exposures (i.e., parasitic infections) are embodied by REACH participants with implications for long-term immune function, potentially resulting in immune aspects that differ from nationally representative samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40475-023-00282-z.
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Zhou L, Wang C. Diagnosis and prognosis prediction model for digestive system tumors based on immunologic gene sets. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1107532. [PMID: 36937448 PMCID: PMC10020235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1107532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to 2020 global cancer statistics, digestive system tumors (DST) are ranked first in both incidence and mortality. This study systematically investigated the immunologic gene set (IGS) to discover effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Gene set variation (GSVA) analysis was used to calculate enrichment scores for 4,872 IGSs in patients with digestive system tumors. Using the machine learning algorithm XGBoost to build a classifier that distinguishes between normal samples and cancer samples, it shows high specificity and sensitivity on both the validation set and the overall dataset (area under the receptor operating characteristic curve [AUC]: validation set = 0.993, overall dataset = 0.999). IGS-based digestive system tumor subtypes (IGTS) were constructed using a consistent clustering approach. A risk prediction model was developed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method. DST is divided into three subtypes: subtype 1 has the best prognosis, subtype 3 is the second, and subtype 2 is the worst. The prognosis model constructed using nine gene sets can effectively predict prognosis. Prognostic models were significantly associated with tumor mutational burden (TMB), tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), immune checkpoints, and somatic mutations. A composite nomogram was constructed based on the risk score and the patient's clinical information, with a well-fitted calibration curve (AUC = 0.762). We further confirmed the reliability and validity of the diagnostic and prognostic models using other cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We identified diagnostic and prognostic models based on IGS that provide a strong basis for early diagnosis and effective treatment of digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Chaohu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Wang,
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Shuwen H, Yinhang W, Xingming Z, Jing Z, Jinxin L, Wei W, Kefeng D. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to plot colorectal cancer-related gut microbiota in a population with varied geography. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:50. [PMID: 36578080 PMCID: PMC9795735 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors. Regional differences in risk factors are an important reason for the different incidences of CRC in different regions. OBJECTIVE The goal was to clarify the intestinal microbial composition and structure of CRC patients in different regions and construct CRC risk prediction models based on regional differences. METHODS A metagenomic dataset of 601 samples from 6 countries in the GMrepo and NCBI databases was collected. All whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data were annotated for species by MetaPhlAn2. We obtained the relative abundance of species composition at the species level and genus level. The MicrobiotaProcess package was used to visualize species composition and PCA. LEfSe analysis was used to analyze the differences in the datasets in each region. Spearman correlation analysis was performed for CRC differential species. Finally, the CRC risk prediction model was constructed and verified in each regional dataset. RESULTS The composition of the intestinal bacterial community varied in different regions. Differential intestinal bacteria of CRC in different regions are inconsistent. There was a common diversity of bacteria in all six countries, such as Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Fusobacterium nucleatum at the species level. Peptostreptococcus stomatis (species level) and Peptostreptococcus (genus level) are important CRC-related bacteria that are related to other bacteria in different regions. Region has little influence on the accuracy of the CRC risk prediction model. Peptostreptococcus stomatis is an important variable in CRC risk prediction models in all regions. CONCLUSION Peptostreptococcus stomatis is a common high-risk pathogen of CRC worldwide, and it is an important variable in CRC risk prediction models in all regions. However, regional differences in intestinal bacteria had no significant impact on the accuracy of the CRC risk prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- grid.412465.0Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Building 6 Room 2018, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Wu Yinhang
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Zhao Xingming
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liu Jinxin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Wei
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ding Kefeng
- grid.412465.0Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Building 6 Room 2018, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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Diversity, equity, and inclusion in gastroenterology and hepatology: a survey of where we stand. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 96:887-897. [PMID: 36241459 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the setting of increasing attention to representation in medicine, we aimed to assess current perspectives of racial and ethnic workforce diversity and health care disparities among gastroenterology (GI) and hepatology professionals in the United States. METHODS We developed and administered a 33-item electronic cross-sectional survey to members of 5 national GI and hepatology societies. Survey items were organized into thematic modules and solicited perspectives on racial and ethnic workforce diversity, health care disparities in GI and hepatology, and potential interventions to enhance workforce diversity and improve health equity. RESULTS Of the 1219 survey participants, 62.3% were male, 48.7% were non-Hispanic White, and 19.9% were from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine. The most frequently reported barriers to increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GI and hepatology were insufficient representation of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups in the education and training pipeline (n = 431 [35.4%]), in professional leadership (n = 340 [27.9%]), and among practicing GI and hepatology professionals (n = 324 [26.6%]). Suggested interventions were to increase career mentorship opportunities (n = 545 [44.7%]), medical student opportunities (n = 520 [42.7%]), and program and professional society leadership roles for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups (n = 473 [38.8%]). CONCLUSIONS Our survey explored imperative and timely perspectives on racial and ethnic representation and health equity among professionals in GI and hepatology. The findings should inform future interventions to address workforce diversity and establish priorities toward improving health equity, ultimately serving as a springboard for professional societies, academic institutions, and other organizations that aim to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in our field.
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Rahal HK, Tabibian JH, Issaka RB, Quezada S, Gray DM, Balzora S, Yang L, Badiee J, May FP. Diversity, equity, and inclusion in gastroenterology and hepatology: A survey of where we stand. Hepatology 2022; 76:1825-1835. [PMID: 36219467 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the setting of increasing attention to representation in medicine, we aimed to assess current perspectives of racial and ethnic workforce diversity and health care disparities among gastroenterology (GI) and hepatology professionals in the United States. APPROACH AND RESULTS We developed and administered a 33-item electronic cross-sectional survey to members of five national GI and hepatology societies. Survey items were organized into thematic modules and solicited perspectives on racial and ethnic workforce diversity, health care disparities in GI and hepatology, and potential interventions to enhance workforce diversity and improve health equity. Of the 1219 survey participants, 62.3% were male, 48.7% were non-Hispanic White, and 19.9% were from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine. The most frequently reported barriers to increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GI and hepatology were insufficient representation of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups in the education and training pipeline (n = 431 [35.4%]), in professional leadership (n = 340 [27.9%]), and among practicing GI and hepatology professionals (n = 324 [26.6%]). Suggested interventions were to increase career mentorship opportunities (n = 545 [44.7%]), medical student opportunities (n = 520 [42.7%]), and program and professional society leadership roles for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups (n = 473 [38.8%]). CONCLUSIONS Our survey explored imperative and timely perspectives on racial and ethnic representation and health equity among professionals in GI and hepatology. The findings should inform future interventions to address workforce diversity and establish priorities toward improving health equity, ultimately serving as a springboard for professional societies, academic institutions, and other organizations that aim to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harman K Rahal
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA.,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA.,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - James H Tabibian
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel B Issaka
- Clinical Research and Public Health Sciences DivisionsFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sandra Quezada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Darrell M Gray
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Sophie Balzora
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNYU Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA.,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jayraan Badiee
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA.,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Folasade P May
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA.,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA.,UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health EquityJonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Rahal HK, Tabibian JH, Issaka RB, Quezada S, Gray DM, Balzora S, Yang L, Badiee J, May FP. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Gastroenterology and Hepatology: A Survey of Where We Stand. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1702-1711. [PMID: 36241487 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the setting of increasing attention to representation in medicine, we aimed to assess current perspectives of racial and ethnic workforce diversity and health care disparities among gastroenterology (GI) and hepatology professionals in the United States. METHODS We developed and administered a 33-item electronic cross-sectional survey to members of 5 national GI and hepatology societies. Survey items were organized into thematic modules and solicited perspectives on racial and ethnic workforce diversity, health care disparities in GI and hepatology, and potential interventions to enhance workforce diversity and improve health equity. RESULTS Of the 1219 survey participants, 62.3% were male, 48.7% were non-Hispanic White, and 19.9% were from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine. The most frequently reported barriers to increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GI and hepatology were insufficient representation of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups in the education and training pipeline (n = 431 [35.4%]), in professional leadership (n = 340 [27.9%]), and among practicing GI and hepatology professionals (n = 324 [26.6%]). Suggested interventions were to increase career mentorship opportunities (n = 545 [44.7%]), medical student opportunities (n = 520 [42.7%]), and program and professional society leadership roles for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups (n = 473 [38.8%]). CONCLUSIONS Our survey explored imperative and timely perspectives on racial and ethnic representation and health equity among professionals in GI and hepatology. The findings should inform future interventions to address workforce diversity and establish priorities toward improving health equity, ultimately serving as a springboard for professional societies, academic institutions, and other organizations that aim to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harman K Rahal
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James H Tabibian
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California
| | - Rachel B Issaka
- Clinical Research and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sandra Quezada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Darrell M Gray
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sophie Balzora
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jayraan Badiee
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Folasade P May
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.
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Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Gastroenterology and Hepatology: A Survey of Where We Stand. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1954-1962. [PMID: 36040427 PMCID: PMC9722387 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the setting of increasing attention to representation in medicine, we aimed to assess current perspectives of racial and ethnic workforce diversity and health care disparities among gastroenterology (GI) and hepatology professionals in the United States. METHODS We developed and administered a 33-item electronic cross-sectional survey to members of 5 national GI and hepatology societies. Survey items were organized into thematic modules and solicited perspectives on racial and ethnic workforce diversity, health care disparities in GI and hepatology, and potential interventions to enhance workforce diversity and improve health equity. RESULTS Of the 1,219 survey participants, 62.3% were male, 48.7% were non-Hispanic White, and 19.9% were from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine. The most frequently reported barriers to increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GI and hepatology were insufficient representation of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups in the education and training pipeline (n = 431 [35.4%]), in professional leadership (n = 340 [27.9%]), and among practicing GI and hepatology professionals (n = 324 [26.6%]). Suggested interventions were to increase career mentorship opportunities (n = 545 [44.7%]), medical student opportunities (n = 520 [42.7%]), and program and professional society leadership roles for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups (n = 473 [38.8%]). DISCUSSION Our survey explored imperative and timely perspectives on racial and ethnic representation and health equity among professionals in GI and hepatology. The findings should inform future interventions to address workforce diversity and establish priorities toward improving health equity, ultimately serving as a springboard for professional societies, academic institutions, and other organizations that aim to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in our field.
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Zheng Y, Niu X, Wei Q, Li Y, Li L, Zhao J. Familial Esophageal Cancer in Taihang Mountain, China: An Era of Personalized Medicine Based on Family and Population Perspective. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221129174. [PMID: 36300368 PMCID: PMC9618747 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221129174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Taihang Mountain areas, known as the “esophageal cancer zone” in China, the incidence of esophageal cancer (ESCA) ranks the first in the country and shows a familial and regional clustering trend. Taihang Mountain areas are located in a mountainous area, with inconvenient transportation, limited living conditions, unbalanced diet, and poor nutrition. Ninety percent of the pathological types of ESCA in Taihang Mountain areas are squamous cell carcinoma, among which the risk factors have not been well understood. These areas are usually remote villages and mountains with low population mobility, large family members, similar environmental factors, and a clear and stable genetic background. Therefore, according to the current situation, second-generation sequencing and multigroup analysis technology are used to analyze the familial ESCA patients; disease-related genetic variation are located; and then disease-related susceptibility genes associated with ESCA are screened and analyzed. Health education, tobacco control, endoscopic screening, and other health management projects for suspected and high-risk patients in areas with a high incidence of ESCA can be carried out for screening and early diagnosis, and the incidence of ESCA in Taihang Mountain areas can be reduced. A comprehensive continuous care pattern based on traditional medical nursing to track, monitor, evaluate, and intervene with patients diagnosed with ESCA to facilitate them with medications guidance, dietary guidance, and timely health problem-solving is established. Furthermore, statistical analysis of epidemiology, gene sequencing, and family genetics information can be performed on patients with ESCA in the Taihang Mountains areas to clarify the relationship between genetic phenotype and genotype during the occurrence of ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yijing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Biological Cell Therapy Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Jie Zhao, National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Koustas E, Trifylli EM, Sarantis P, Papadopoulos N, Aloizos G, Tsagarakis A, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Garmpi A, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. Implication of gut microbiome in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1665-1674. [PMID: 36187397 PMCID: PMC9516653 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes the third most frequently reported malignancy in the male population and the second most common in women in the last two decades. Colon carcinogenesis is a complex, multifactorial event, resulting from genetic and epigenetic aberrations, the impact of environmental factors, as well as the disturbance of the gut microbial ecosystem. The relationship between the intestinal microbiome and carcinogenesis was relatively undervalued in the last decade. However, its remarkable effect on metabolic and immune functions on the host has been in the spotlight as of recent years. There is a strong relationship between gut microbiome dysbiosis, bowel pathogenicity and responsiveness to anti-cancer treatment; including immunotherapy. Modifications of bacteriome consistency are closely associated with the immunologic response to immunotherapeutic agents. This condition that implies the necessity of gut microbiome manipulation. Thus, creatingan optimal response for CRC patients to immunotherapeutic agents. In this paper, we will review the current literature observing how gut microbiota influence the response of immunotherapy on CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni-Myrto Trifylli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital of Athens, Athens 11521, Attica, Greece
| | - Georgios Aloizos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital of Athens, Athens 11521, Attica, Greece
| | | | - Christos Damaskos
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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45
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Lou J, Kooragayala K, Williams JP, Sandilos G, Butchy MV, Yoon-Flannery K, Kwiatt M, Hong YK, Shersher DD, Burg JM. The Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Lung, Colorectal, and Breast Cancer Screening and Treatment at a Tertiary Cancer Center. Am J Clin Oncol 2022; 45:381-390. [PMID: 35983965 PMCID: PMC9422242 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the coronavirus-19 pandemic, experts recommended delaying routine cancer screening and modifying treatment strategies. We sought to understand the sequalae of these recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of lung, colorectal, and breast cancer. Data was collected from our institutional cancer registry. Prepandemic (2016-2019) was compared with pandemic (2020) data. RESULTS Three thousand three sixty one screening chest computed tomography scans (CTs), 35,917 colonoscopies, and 48,093 screening mammograms were performed. There was no difference in CTs [81.0 (SEM10.0) vs. 65.6 (SEM3.29), P =0.067] or mammograms [1017.0 (SEM171.8) vs. 809.4 (SEM56.41), P =0.177] in 2020 versus prepandemic. There were fewer colonoscopies in 2020 [651.4 (SEM103.5) vs. 758.91 (SEM11.79), P =0.043]. There was a decrease in cancer diagnoses per month in 2020 of lung [22.70 (SEM1.469) vs. 28.75 (SEM0.8216), P =0.003] and breast [38.56 (SEM6.133) vs. 51.82 (SEM1.257), P =0.001], but not colorectal [13.11 (SEM1.467) vs. 15.88 (SEM0.585), P =0.074] cancer. There was no change in stage at presentation for lung ( P =0.717), breast ( P =0.115), or colorectal cancer ( P =0.180). Lung had a shorter time-to-treatment in 2020 [38.92 days (SEM 2.48) vs. 66 (SEM1.46), P =0.002]. CONCLUSIONS In 2020, there was no difference in screening studies for lung and breast cancer but there was a decrease in new diagnoses. Although there were fewer colonoscopies performed in 2020, there was no change in new colorectal cancer diagnoses. Despite changes in guidelines during the pandemic, the time-to-treatment for lung cancer was shorter and was unchanged for colorectal and breast cancer. These findings highlight the importance of continuing care for a vulnerable patient population despite a pandemic.
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Shoup JP, Kim A, Wilson J, Pendergast J, Ranard BL, Boggan JC. No Quick Fixes: Integrating Population Health Education and Quality Improvement in a Large Residency Program. J Healthc Qual 2022; 44:286-293. [PMID: 36036779 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The intersection of population health (PH), quality improvement (QI), and health disparities is increasingly a focus in graduate medical education. However, it remains unclear how trainees may best improve disparities within clinical training environments. We integrated PH education for residents participating in a practical QI experience in a continuity clinic serving an underserved population. We analyzed whether PH education increased confidence in creating care plans and implementing team-based care strategies after selection of one of three QI metrics with known health disparities led to improvement. Posteducational session, attendees had odds of confidence in creating care plans 10.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6-21.7) times the presession period, whereas nonattendees' confidence was unchanged (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.78-3.4). Residents participating in the QI project did not have higher confidence in creating a care plan at baseline (20% vs. 9.6%, p = .09) nor any additional shift in confidence versus other residents (p = .57). There were no differences in QI metric performance rate trends for residents choosing a specific QI metric versus those that did not (p > .33 for all comparisons). PH didactics can increase resident confidence around PH topics. However, translating such learning into outcomes and improved health equity may require dedicated efforts across residency training.
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Wang X, Xu K, Liao X, Rao J, Huang K, Gao J, Xu G, Wang D. Construction of a survival nomogram for gastric cancer based on the cancer genome atlas of m6A-related genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:936658. [PMID: 35991573 PMCID: PMC9389082 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.936658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Based on TCGA database, a prediction model for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of gastric cancer (GC) patients was constructed by analyzing the critical risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.Method: Clinicopathological features as well as gene signature of GC patients were obtained from TCGA database. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort. Independent predictors of GC prognosis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses to construct nomogram. The accuracy and reliability of the model was further validated by calibration curves, ROC curves, and C-indexes, and the clinical utility of the model was analyzed by decision analysis curves.Result: Age, sex, N stage, M stage, METTL16, RBM15, FMR1, IGFBP1, and FTO were significantly associated with the prognosis of GC patients, and these predictors were further included in the construction of nomogram. The C-indexes for the training cohort and validation set were 0.735 and 0.688, respectively. The results of the ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) exceeded 0.6 in training and validation sets at 1, 3, and 5 years.Conclusion: We have constructed and validated a nomogram that provides individual survival condition prediction for GC patients. The prognostic model integrating gene signatures and clinicopathological characteristics would help clinicians determine the prognosis of patients with GC and develop individualized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaokang Wang,
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the Second Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueyi Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaoyu Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianlin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gengrui Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengchuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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48
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Ma C, Congly SE, Chyou DE, Ross-Driscoll K, Forbes N, Tsang ES, Sussman DA, Goldberg DS. Factors Associated With Geographic Disparities in Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality in the United States. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:437-448.e1. [PMID: 35483444 PMCID: PMC9703359 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Significant geographic variability in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer-related death has been reported in the United States. We aimed to evaluate both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with intercounty differences in mortality due to GI cancer. METHODS Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research platform were used to calculate county-level mortality from esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to adjust for county-level covariables, considering both patient (eg, sex, race, obesity, diabetes, alcohol, and smoking) and structural factors (eg, specialist density, poverty, insurance prevalence, and colon cancer screening prevalence). Intercounty variability in GI cancer-related mortality explained by these covariables was expressed as the multivariable model R2. RESULTS There were significant geographic disparities in GI cancer-related county-level mortality across the US from 2010-2019 with the ratio of mortality between 90th and 10th percentile counties ranging from 1.5 (pancreatic) to 2.1 (gastric cancer). Counties with the highest 5% mortality rates for gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer were primarily in the Southeastern United States. Multivariable models explained 43%, 61%, 14%, and 39% of the intercounty variability in mortality rates for esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Cigarette smoking and rural residence (independent of specialist density) were most strongly associated with GI cancer-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Both patient and structural factors contribute to significant geographic differences in mortality from GI cancers. Our findings support continued public health efforts to reduce smoking use and improve care for rural patients, which may contribute to a reduction in disparities in GI cancer-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Stephen E. Congly
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darius E. Chyou
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Nauzer Forbes
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica S. Tsang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel A. Sussman
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David S. Goldberg
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Elshami M, Hue JJ, Hoehn RS, Rothermel LD, Bajor D, Mohamed A, Selfridge JE, Chavin KD, Ammori JB, Hardacre JM, Winter JM, Ocuin LM. A nationwide analysis of clinical trial participation for common hepato-pancreato-biliary malignancies demonstrates survival advantages for subsets of trial patients but disparities in and infrequency of enrollment. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:1280-1290. [PMID: 35063353 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe factors associated with trial enrollment for patients with hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) malignancies. We analyzed the association and effect of trial enrollment on overall survival (OS). METHODS The National Cancer Database (2004-2017) was queried for common HPB malignancies (pancreatic adenocarcinoma [PDAC] & neuroendocrine tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], biliary tract cancers [BTC]). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with trial enrollment. OS was analyzed by multivariable Cox regression. Inverse-probability-weighted Cox regression was utilized to determine the effect of trial enrollment on OS. RESULTS A total of 1573 (0.3%) of 511,639 patients were enrolled in trials; pancreatic malignancy: 1214 (0.4%); HCC: 217 (0.14%); BTC: 106 (0.15%). HCC and BTC were associated with lower likelihood of enrollment compared with pancreatic malignancy. Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to be enrolled compared to White patients. Treatment at academic facilities and metastatic disease were associated with higher likelihood of enrollment. Enrollment was associated with higher OS for PDAC, metastatic HCC, and metastatic BTC. Trial enrollment exhibited an OS advantage for PDAC and metastatic HCC. CONCLUSION Nationally, fewer than 1% of patients with HPB malignancies were enrolled in clinical trials. There are racial, sociodemographic, and facility-based disparities in trial enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamedraed Elshami
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hue
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard S Hoehn
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luke D Rothermel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Bajor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer E Selfridge
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth D Chavin
- Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John B Ammori
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hardacre
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lee M Ocuin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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50
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Carethers JM. Commencing colorectal cancer screening at age 45 years in U.S. racial groups. Front Oncol 2022; 12:966998. [PMID: 35936740 PMCID: PMC9354692 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is cost-effective for reducing its mortality among the average-risk population. In the US, CRC incidence and mortality differ among racial/ethnic groups, with non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) and American Indian/Alaska Natives showing highest incidence and mortality and earlier presentation. Since 2005, some professional societies have recommended CRC screening for NHB to commence at 45 years or earlier; this was not implemented due to lack of recommendation from key groups that influence insurance payment coverage. In 2017 the highly influential U.S. Multi-Society Task Force for Colorectal Cancer recommended screening to commence at 45 years for NHB; this recommendation was supplanted by data showing an increase in early-onset CRCs in non-Hispanic Whites approaching the under-50-year rates observed for NHB. Subsequently the American Cancer Society and the USPSTF recommended that the entire average-risk population move to commence CRC screening at 45 years. Implementing screening in 45–49-year-olds has its challenges as younger groups compared with older groups participate less in preventive care. The US had made extensive progress pre-COVID-19 in closing the disparity gap for CRC screening in NHB above age 50 years; implementing screening at younger ages will take ingenuity, foresight, and creative strategy to reach a broader-aged population while preventing widening the screening disparity gap. Approaches such as navigation for non-invasive and minimally invasive CRC screening tests, removal of financial barriers such as co-pays, and complete follow up to abnormal non-invasive screening tests will need to become the norm for broad implementation and success across all racial/ethnic groups.
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