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Schell TL, Caldera F. A Practical Update on COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: COVID-19 Disease Risk and Vaccine Safety and Efficacy. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2024; 20:88-97. [PMID: 38414911 PMCID: PMC10895915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant uncertainty regarding the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Substantial research efforts have made progress in answering many of the questions that arose, but the constantly shifting paradigm of COVID-19-related research and recommendations has made it challenging for IBD clinicians to remain up-to-date. The goal of this article is to provide a concise and practical summary of the literature evaluating COVID-19 disease risk in addition to COVID-19 vaccine safety, immunogenicity, real-world effectiveness, and uptake among patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor L. Schell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Freddy Caldera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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2
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Principi M, Macaluso FS, Todeschini A, Facciotti F, Contaldo A, Castiglione F, Nardone OM, Spagnuolo R, Doldo P, Riguccio G, Conforti FS, Viganò C, Ascolani M, Fiorino G, Correale C, Bodini G, Milla M, Scardino G, Vernero M, Desideri F, Caprioli F, Mannino M, Rizzo G, Orlando A. Safety, hesitancy of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and pandemic burden in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: data of a national study (ESCAPE-IBD). Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:629-634. [PMID: 37115976 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of this study was to present data on the safety of anti- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in a cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients of an ongoing multicenter study (ESCAPE-IBD) sponsored by the Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04769258). METHODS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was administrated to 809 IBD patients. Interviews were conducted to report adverse events related to vaccination. Of these 809, 346 patients were surveyed on the pandemic burden and the main reason for hesitancy in coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between disease-related characteristics and the onset of adverse events. RESULTS About 45% of patients had at least one side effect, following the first dose (10%), the second (15%), and both doses (19%). All the adverse events were mild and lasted only a few days. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex ( P < 0.001), younger age ( P = 0.001), seroconversion ( P = 0.002), and comorbidity ( P < 0.001) were significantly associated with adverse events. The survey showed that the main concerns were the possibility of adverse event (33%). Almost all patients (99%) felt safer having been vaccinated at their IBD reference center. CONCLUSION The vaccine reactions experienced in IBD patients were mostly self-limited. We found high acceptance and good safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Federica Facciotti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan
| | | | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli
| | - Olga Maria Nardone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Napoli
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università 'Magna Graecia' Catanzaro, U.O. Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, A.O.U. 'Mater Domini', Catanzaro
| | - Patrizia Doldo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università 'Magna Graecia' Catanzaro, U.O. Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, A.O.U. 'Mater Domini', Catanzaro
| | - Gaia Riguccio
- UOSD Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche intestinali, Ospedale Santa Maria del Prato, Feltre
| | - Francesco Simone Conforti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan
| | - Chiara Viganò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza
| | | | - Gionata Fiorino
- Dipartimento di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele e Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
| | | | - Giorgia Bodini
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Università di Genova, Genoa
| | - Monica Milla
- IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence
| | | | - Marta Vernero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia
| | | | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Lutz M, Lazarus S, Caldera F. COVID-19 vaccination in adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231173130. [PMID: 37234702 PMCID: PMC10203854 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231173130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population, and most are not at increased risk for severe disease. COVID-19 is nonetheless common, and vaccination is critical. Four safe and efficacious vaccines are now available for the prevention of COVID-19, with most data available for mRNA vaccines. Patients with IBD have a robust humoral response to vaccination with rates of seroconversion exceeding 95% following a two-dose mRNA vaccine series and 99% following a three-dose mRNA series, although those on certain therapies including anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents may have lower antibody concentrations and waning of antibodies over time. Additionally, rates of cell-mediated immune response, even in those patients with IBD who did not have evidence of humoral immunity, are high. Vaccines are safe and have not been associated with flares in disease activity. Gastroenterology providers should take an active role in ensuring patients with IBD are appropriately vaccinated against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Lazarus
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Freddy Caldera
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Bronsky J, Copova I, Durilova M, Kazeka D, Kubat M, Lerchova T, Vlckova E, Mitrova K, Rataj M, Klocperk A, Sediva A, Hradsky O. Postvaccination Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Its Predictors in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76:e36-e44. [PMID: 36705698 PMCID: PMC9847686 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We prospectively compared the postvaccination immunity to messenger ribonucleic acid BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine of our pediatric patients over 12 years old with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to that of healthy controls and looked for predictors of its robustness. METHODS Anti-receptor binding domain, anti-spike S2, and anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobin-G (IgG) and immunoglobin-A levels were measured in 139 pediatric patients with IBD [65 fully vaccinated (2 doses), median age 16.3, interquartile range (IQR) 15.2-17.8 years, median time from vaccination (IQR) 61.0 (42.0-80.0) days] and 1744 controls (46, 37-57 years) using microblot array. RESULTS All IBD and control patients developed positive anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibodies at comparable titers. The proportion of observations with positive anti-spike S2 IgG was higher in patients with IBD than in controls [63% vs 21%, odds ratio 2.99 (1.51-5.90)], as was its titer [median (IQR) 485 (92-922) vs 79 [33-180] IU/mL]. Anti-receptor binding domain and anti-spike S2 IgG levels were associated with IBD status. We found an association between anti-spike S2 IgG levels and time since vaccination (β -4.85, 95% CI -7.14 to 2.71, P = 0.0001), history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction positivity (206.76, 95% CI 39.93-374.05, P = 0.0213), and anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment (-239.68, 95% CI -396.44-83.55, P = 0.0047). Forty-three percent of patients reported vaccination side effects (mostly mild). Forty-six percent of observations with positive anti-nucleocapsid IgG had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD produced higher levels of postvaccination anti-spike S2 antibodies than controls. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with higher production of postvaccination antibodies and anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment with lower production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Bronsky
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Copova
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marianna Durilova
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Kazeka
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kubat
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Lerchova
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlckova
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Mitrova
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- the Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rataj
- the Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Klocperk
- the Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sediva
- the Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hradsky
- From the Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ibsen JH, Chopra A, Vaage EB, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Lundin KEA. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in celiac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:142-147. [PMID: 36049123 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2114809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of the disease COVID-19 is a serious threat to our society. Effective vaccines have now entered the market, but most patient populations were not included in the registration clinical trials. There is evidence that patients with celiac disease (CeD) have reduced effect of vaccines such as the hepatitis B vaccine. Hence, we investigated the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Chadox1, Comirnaty and Spikevax) in CeD patients and healthy controls. METHODS CeD patients from a patient registry at Oslo University Hospital were invited to donate serum samples before and after vaccination. We sent out 1537 invitations and received paired samples from 85 individuals. These were compared with similar samples from 238 healthy controls. Sera were analyzed for antibodies to the Spike protein from SARS-CoV2 and the receptor-binding domain. The results where then converted into binding antibody units (BAU)/ml to compare. RESULTS Prevaccination samples showed that very few patients had been earlier exposed to Sars-CoV2 and the antibody levels were low. Postvaccination analysis showed overlap of antibody levels between CeD and healthy controls. On average, the CeD patient group had 5555.0 BAU/ml (330.1 SD) while the average in healthy controls was 5419 (184.7 SD). CONCLUSION The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CeD patients is similar to that observed in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein H Ibsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline Benno Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - John T Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Knut E A Lundin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Macaluso FS, Principi M, Facciotti F, Contaldo A, Todeschini A, Saibeni S, Bezzio C, Castiglione F, Nardone OM, Spagnuolo R, Fantini MC, Riguccio G, Caprioli F, Viganò C, Felice C, Fiorino G, Correale C, Bodini G, Milla M, Scardino G, Vernero M, Desideri F, Mannino M, Rizzo G, Orlando A. Reduced humoral response to two doses of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Data from ESCAPE-IBD, an IG-IBD study. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:154-159. [PMID: 36127228 PMCID: PMC9420701 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients on immunosuppressive drugs have been excluded from COVID-19 vaccines trials, creating concerns regarding their efficacy. AIMS To explore the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) METHODS: Effectiveness and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Treated with Immunomodulatory or Biological Drugs (ESCAPE-IBD) is a prospective, multicentre study promoted by the Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. We present data on serological response eight weeks after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination in IBD patients and healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS 1076 patients with IBD and 1126 HCs were analyzed. Seropositivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was reported for most IBD patients, even if with a lesser rate compared with HCs (92.1% vs. 97.9%; p<0.001). HCs had higher antibody concentrations (median OD 8.72 [IQR 5.2-14-2]) compared to the whole cohort of IBD patients (median OD 1.54 [IQR 0.8-3.6]; p<0.001) and the subgroup of IBD patients (n=280) without any treatment or on aminosalicylates only (median OD 1.72 [IQR 1.0-4.1]; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although most IBD patients showed seropositivity after COVID-19 vaccines, the magnitude of the humoral response was significantly lower than in HCs. Differently from other studies, these findings seem to be mostly unrelated to the use of immune-modifying treatments (ClinicalTrials.govID:NCT04769258).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Contaldo
- Gastroenterology 2 Unit, IRCCS "S. De Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Simone Saibeni
- Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense, Rho, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Bezzio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense, Rho, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Maria Nardone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, "Mater Domini" University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine and Clinic, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Claudio Fantini
- Policlinico Monserrato University Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gaia Riguccio
- IBD Unit, "Santa Maria del Prato" Hospital, Feltre, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Viganò
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carla Felice
- GastroenterologY Unit, "Ca'Foncello" Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS "San Raffaele" Hospital and "Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italia
| | - Carmen Correale
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Milla
- IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital "Careggi", Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Scardino
- Gastroenterology Department, "Valduce" Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Marta Vernero
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Rizzo
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
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Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Bakalova P, Snegarova V, Lazova S, Velikova T. COVID-19 Vaccines for Adults and Children with Autoimmune Gut or Liver Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122075. [PMID: 36560485 PMCID: PMC9781431 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raised many challenges for all patients with chronic conditions and those with autoimmune diseases, both adults and children. Special attention is paid to their immunological status, concomitant diseases, and the need for immunosuppressive therapy. All of these factors may impact their COVID-19 course and outcome. COVID-19 vaccination is accepted as one of the most successful strategies for pandemic control. However, individuals with immune-mediated chronic diseases, including autoimmune liver and gut diseases, have been excluded from the vaccine clinical trials. Therefore, we rely on real-world data from vaccination after vaccine approval for these patients to fill the evidence gap for the long-term safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with autoimmune gut and liver diseases. Current recommendations from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) societies suggest COVID-19 vaccination in children older than 5 years old, adults and even pregnant females with IBD. The same recommendations are applied to patients with autoimmune liver diseases. Nevertheless, autoimmune disease patients still experience high levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and more studies have to be conducted to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamena Bakalova
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Snegarova
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Naval Hospital—Varna, Military Medical Academy, Medical Faculty, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Snezhina Lazova
- Pediatric Department, University Hospital “N. I. Pirogov”,“General Eduard I. Totleben” Blvd 21, Health Care Department, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Sofia, Bialo More 8 Str., 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
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Caldera F, Farraye FA, Necela BM, Cogen D, Saha S, Wald A, Daoud ND, Chun K, Grimes I, Lutz M, Van Helden SR, Swift MD, Virk A, Bharucha AE, Patel TC, Gores GJ, Chumsri S, Hayney MS, Knutson KL. Higher Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Anti-TNF Therapy After COVID-19 Vaccination. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022:6697965. [PMID: 36103273 PMCID: PMC9494450 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on immunosuppressive therapies may have a blunted response to certain vaccines, including the messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. However, few studies have evaluated the cell-mediated immune response (CMIR), which is critical to host defense after COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response and CMIR after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IBD. METHODS This prospective study (HERCULES [HumoRal and CellULar initial and Sustained immunogenicity in patients with IBD] study) evaluated humoral immune response and CMIR after completion of 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in 158 IBD patients and 20 healthy control (HC) subjects. The primary outcome was the CMIR to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with IBD. The secondary outcomes were a comparison of (1) the CMIR in patients with IBD and HC subjects, (2) CMIR and humoral immune response in all participants, and (3) correlation between CMIR and humoral immune response. RESULTS The majority (89%) of patients with IBD developed a CMIR, which was not different vs HC subjects (94%) (P = .6667). There was no significant difference (P = .5488) in CMIR between immunocompetent (median 255 [interquartile range, 146-958] spike T cells per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and immunosuppressed patients (median 377 [interquartile range, 123-1440]). There was no correlation between humoral and cell-mediated immunity after vaccination (P = .5215). In univariable analysis, anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy was associated with a higher CMIRs (P = .02) and confirmed in a multivariable model (P = .02). No other variables were associated with CMIR. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with IBD achieved CMIR to a COVID-19 vaccine. Future studies are needed evaluating sustained CMIR and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Caldera
- Address correspondence to: Freddy Caldera, DO, MS, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA ()
| | - Francis A Farraye
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Brian M Necela
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Davitte Cogen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sumona Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arnold Wald
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nader D Daoud
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly Chun
- R&D and Specialty Medicine, LabCorp, Calabasas, CA, USA
| | - Ian Grimes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan Lutz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean R Van Helden
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melanie D Swift
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abinash Virk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adil E Bharucha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tushar C Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saranya Chumsri
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mary S Hayney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Tabesh E, Soheilipour M, Rezaeisadrabadi M, Zare-Farashbandi E, Mousavi-Roknabadi RS. Comparison the effects and side effects of Covid-19 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a systematic scoping review. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:393. [PMID: 35987619 PMCID: PMC9392501 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Covid-19 is a pandemic disease that is more severe and mortal in people with immunodeficiency, such as those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). On the other hand, no definitive treatment has been identified for it and the best way to control it is wide spread vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and side effects of different vaccines in patients with IBD. Three Electronic databases [Medline (accessed from PubMed), Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane] were searched systematically without time limit, using MESH terms and the related keywords in English language. We focused on the research studies on the effect and side effects of Covid-19 vaccination in patients with IBD. Articles were excluded if they were not relevant, or were performed on other patients excerpt patients with IBD. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The full texts of the remained studies were evaluated by authors, independently. Then, the studies' findings were assessed and reported. Finally, after reading the full text of the remained articles, 15 ones included in data extraction. All included studied were research study, and most of them (12/15) had prospective design. Totally, 8/15 studies were performed in single-center settings. In 8/15 studies, patients with IBD were compared with a control group. The results were summarized the in two categories: (1) the effect of vaccination, and (2) side effects. The effect of vaccination were assessed in 13/15 studies. Side effects of Covid-19 vaccination in patients with IBD were reported in 7/15 studies. Patients with IBD can be advised that vaccination may have limited minor side effects, but it can protect them from the serious complications of Covid-19 and its resulting mortality with a high success rate. They should be also mentioned in booster doses. Studies showed that the risk of developing Covid-19 is more worrying in people with immunocompromised conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). On the other hand, no definitive treatment has been identified for it and the best way to control it is wide spread vaccination. The results of this systematic scoping review revealed that patients with IBD can be advised that vaccination may have limited minor side effects, but it can protect these patients from the serious complications of Covid-19. Also, they should be also mentioned in booster doses.
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10
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We Should Not Forget About Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Who Received a COVID-19 Viral Vector Vaccine. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1329. [PMID: 35435853 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Otten AT, Bourgonje AR, Horinga PP, van der Meulen HH, Festen EAM, van Dullemen HM, Weersma RK, van Leer-Buter CC, Dijkstra G, Visschedijk MC. Use of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Antagonists Is Associated With Attenuated IgG Antibody Response Against SARS-CoV-2 in Vaccinated Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920333. [PMID: 35865529 PMCID: PMC9294156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) frequently receive immunomodulating treatment, which may render them at increased risk of an attenuated immune response upon vaccination. In this study, we assessed the effects of different types of commonly prescribed immunosuppressive medications on the serological response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with IBD. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, IgG antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 were measured 2-10 weeks after completion of standard vaccination regimens in patients with IBD. Clinical characteristics, previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, type of vaccine (mRNA- or vector-based) and medication use were recorded at the time of sampling. Subsequently, a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was used for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Results Three hundred and twelve (312) patients with IBD were included (172 Crohn's disease [CD] and 140 ulcerative colitis [UC]). Seroconversion (defined as titer of >50 AU/ml) was achieved in 98.3% of patients. Antibody concentrations were significantly lower in patients treated with TNF-α-antagonists vs. non-users of TNF-α-antagonists (geometric mean [95% confidence interval]: 2204 [1655-2935] vs. 5002 [4089-6116] AU/ml, P<0.001). In multivariable models, use of TNF-α-antagonists (P<0.001), vector vaccines (P<0.001), age (>50 years) (P<0.01) and CD (P<0.05) were independently associated with lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers. In patients who received mRNA vaccines, users of thiopurines (either prescribed as monotherapy or in combination with biologicals) demonstrated significantly lower antibody titers compared to thiopurine non-users (P<0.05). Conclusion Despite reassuring findings that most patients with IBD have detectable antibodies after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, TNF-α-antagonists were found to be strongly associated with an attenuated IgG antibody response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, independent of vaccine type, the time elapsed after vaccination and blood sampling, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and patient age. Patients treated with thiopurines and receiving mRNA-based vaccines demonstrated lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers compared with non-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius T. Otten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Petra P. Horinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hedwig H. van der Meulen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora A. M. Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik M. van Dullemen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Coretta C. van Leer-Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijn C. Visschedijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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12
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Jena A, James D, Singh AK, Dutta U, Sebastian S, Sharma V. Effectiveness and Durability of COVID-19 Vaccination in 9447 Patients With IBD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1456-1479.e18. [PMID: 35189387 PMCID: PMC8856753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The serological responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination may be attenuated in immunocompromised individuals. The study aimed to systematically evaluate the seroconversion rates after complete vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify studies reporting response to COVID-19 vaccination in IBD. Pooled seroconversion rates after complete vaccination were calculated. Subgroup analysis for vaccine types was also performed. Pooled seroconversion rates for various drugs or classes were also estimated. The pooled rates of breakthrough infections in vaccinated IBD patients were estimated. The pooled neutralization rates after complete vaccination were also estimated. The studies reporting durability of titers were systematically assessed. RESULTS A total of 46 studies were included. The pooled seroconversion rate for complete vaccination (31 studies, 9447 patients) was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.97; I2 = 90%). When compared with healthy control subjects, the pooled relative risk of seroconversion was lower (0.98; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; I2 = 39%). The pooled seroconversion rates were statistically similar among various drug classes. The pooled positivity of neutralization assays (8 studies, 771 participants) was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70-0.87; I2 = 82%). The pooled relative risk of breakthrough infections in vaccinated IBD patients was similar to vaccinated control subjects (0.60; 95% CI, 0.25-1.42; I2 = 79%). Most studies suggested that titers fall after 4 weeks of COVID-19 vaccination, and the decay was higher in patients on anti-tumor necrosis factor alone or combination with immunomodulators. An additional dose of COVID-19 vaccine elicited serological response in most nonresponders to complete vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Complete COVID-19 vaccination is associated with seroconversion in most patients with IBD. The decay in titers over time necessitates consideration of additional doses in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag Jena
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak James
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shaji Sebastian
- IBD Unit, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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13
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Weaver KN, Kappelman MD, Long MD. COVID-19 Vaccination Among Individuals With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Perception, Efficacy, and Safety. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2022; 18:388-399. [PMID: 36397773 PMCID: PMC9666812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARSCoV-2, has been the most significant global health crisis of the past century. The development of safe and effective vaccines has led to a reduction in COVID19-related hospitalizations and deaths; however, the clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization and/or approval of the vaccines in the United States did not include individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because individuals with IBD are commonly treated with immunosuppressive medications, there had been concern for reduced vaccine efficacy in this population. This article provides an overview of the peer-reviewed literature addressing COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with IBD; details the perceptions of patients with IBD of COVID-19 vaccines, including how gastroenterologists can help to reduce vaccine hesitancy; and describes the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, with a majority of patients with IBD seroconverting following complete vaccination regardless of medication exposure. Additionally, low rates of IBD flare and similar rates of vaccine-related adverse events to those in the general population are described. Finally, the article provides current recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Weaver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael D. Kappelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Millie D. Long
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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14
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Figueiredo JC, Hirsch FR, Kushi LH, Nembhard WN, Crawford JM, Mantis N, Finster L, Merin NM, Merchant A, Reckamp KL, Melmed GY, Braun J, McGovern D, Parekh S, Corley DA, Zohoori N, Amick BC, Du R, Gregersen PK, Diamond B, Taioli E, Sariol C, Espino A, Weiskopf D, Gifoni A, Brien J, Hanege W, Lipsitch M, Zidar DA, Scheck McAlearney A, Wajnberg A, LaBaer J, Yvonne Lewis E, Binder RA, Moormann AM, Forconi C, Forrester S, Batista J, Schieffelin J, Kim D, Biancon G, VanOudenhove J, Halene S, Fan R, Barouch DH, Alter G, Pinninti S, Boppana SB, Pati SK, Latting M, Karaba AH, Roback J, Sekaly R, Neish A, Brincks AM, Granger DA, Karger AB, Thyagarajan B, Thomas SN, Klein SL, Cox AL, Lucas T, Furr-Holden D, Key K, Jones N, Wrammerr J, Suthar M, Yu Wong S, Bowman NM, Simon V, Richardson LD, McBride R, Krammer F, Rana M, Kennedy J, Boehme K, Forrest C, Granger SW, Heaney CD, Knight Lapinski M, Wallet S, Baric RS, Schifanella L, Lopez M, Fernández S, Kenah E, Panchal AR, Britt WJ, Sanz I, Dhodapkar M, Ahmed R, Bartelt LA, Markmann AJ, Lin JT, Hagan RS, Wolfgang MC, Skarbinski J. Mission, Organization, and Future Direction of the Serological Sciences Network for COVID-19 (SeroNet) Epidemiologic Cohort Studies. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac171. [PMID: 35765315 PMCID: PMC9129196 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global efforts are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the underlying cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including seroprevalence, risk factors, and long-term sequelae, as well as immune responses after vaccination across populations and the social dimensions of prevention and treatment strategies. Methods In the United States, the National Cancer Institute in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, established the SARS-CoV-2 Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) as the nation's largest coordinated effort to study coronavirus disease 2019. The network comprises multidisciplinary researchers bridging gaps and fostering collaborations among immunologists, epidemiologists, virologists, clinicians and clinical laboratories, social and behavioral scientists, policymakers, data scientists, and community members. In total, 49 institutions form the SeroNet consortium to study individuals with cancer, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiovascular diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, transplant recipients, as well as otherwise healthy pregnant women, children, college students, and high-risk occupational workers (including healthcare workers and first responders). Results Several studies focus on underrepresented populations, including ethnic minorities and rural communities. To support integrative data analyses across SeroNet studies, efforts are underway to define common data elements for standardized serology measurements, cellular and molecular assays, self-reported data, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Conclusions In this paper, we discuss the overarching framework for SeroNet epidemiology studies, critical research questions under investigation, and data accessibility for the worldwide scientific community. Lessons learned will help inform preparedness and responsiveness to future emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - James M Crawford
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laurel Finster
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noah M Merin
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Akil Merchant
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dermot McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Namvar Zohoori
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ruofei Du
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Ana Espino
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Alba Gifoni
- La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Hanege
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Lipsitch
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Zidar
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann Scheck McAlearney
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ania Wajnberg
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Biodesign Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - E Yvonne Lewis
- Department of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Raquel A Binder
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann M Moormann
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Forconi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Forrester
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Batista
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giulia Biancon
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jennifer VanOudenhove
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- The Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Swetha Pinninti
- Departments of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh B Boppana
- Departments of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sunil K Pati
- Departments of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Misty Latting
- Departments of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrew H Karaba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rafick Sekaly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ahnalee M Brincks
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Social Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy B Karger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd Lucas
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Debra Furr-Holden
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent Key
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole Jones
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jens Wrammerr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mehul Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Serre Yu Wong
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natalie M Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lynne D Richardson
- Institute for Health Equity Research and Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Russell McBride
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karl Boehme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Craig Forrest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Knight Lapinski
- Department of Communication, Michigan AgBio Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shannon Wallet
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Puerto Rico Public Health Trust, Puerto Rico Science, Technology and Research Trust and University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Soledad Fernández
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eben Kenah
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashish R Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Britt
- Department of Immunology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Iñaki Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luther A Bartelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alena J Markmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica T Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew C Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacek Skarbinski
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
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Bhurwal A, Mutneja H, Bansal V, Goel A, Arora S, Attar B, Minacapelli CD, Kochhar G, Chen L, Brant S, Seril D. Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:1244-1264. [PMID: 35355306 PMCID: PMC9111455 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are concerns regarding the effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively summarises the available literature regarding the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in IBD. METHODS Three independent reviewers performed a comprehensive review of all original articles describing the response of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with IBD. Primary outcomes were (1) pooled seroconversion rate SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients (2) comparison of breakthrough COVID-19 infection rate SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients with control cohort and (3) pooled adverse event rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. All outcomes were evaluated for one and two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Meta-regression was performed. Probability of publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and with Egger's test. RESULTS Twenty-one studies yielded a pooled seroconversion rate of 73.7% and 96.8% in IBD patients after one and two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine respectively. Sub-group analysis revealed non-statistically significant differences between different immunosuppressive regimens for seroconversion. Meta-regression revealed that the vaccine type and study location independently influenced seroconversion rates. There was no statistically significant difference in breakthrough infection in IBD patients as compared to control after vaccination. CONCLUSION In summary, the systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is safe and effective in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhurwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicineNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Hemant Mutneja
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJohn H. Stroger Cook County HospitalChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareMayo ClinicRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Akshay Goel
- Division of Internal MedicineWestchester Medical CenterValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | - Shilpa Arora
- Division of RheumatologyJohn H. Stroger Cook County HospitalChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Bashar Attar
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJohn H. Stroger Cook County HospitalChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Carlos D. Minacapelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicineNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Gursimran Kochhar
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAllegheny Health NetworkPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lea Ann Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicineNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Steve Brant
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicineNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Darren Seril
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicineNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
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16
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Vollenberg R, Tepasse PR, Lorentzen E, Nowacki TM. Impaired Humoral Immunity with Concomitant Preserved T Cell Reactivity in IBD Patients on Treatment with Infliximab 6 Month after Vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2: A Pilot Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050694. [PMID: 35629116 PMCID: PMC9146879 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The most important approach to prevent severe disease progression and to contain the pandemic is the use of COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this study was to investigate the humoral and cellular response in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on treatment with anti-TNF (infliximab, adalimumab) and anti-α4ß7-Integrin (vedolizumab) 6 months after mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 compared to healthy subjects. Methods: In this prospective study, 20 IBD patients and 9 healthy controls were included 6 months after the second BNT162b2 vaccination. In addition to quantitative determination of IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein subunit S1, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate neutralization test (sVNT) was used to assess potential neutralization capacity. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were measured using an interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA; Euroimmun Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Lübeck, Germany). Results: S-IgG could still be detected in the majority of IBD patients 6 months after second vaccination. Compared to healthy controls, IBD patients treated with anti-TNF agents showed both lower neutralizing activity in sVNT (percent inhibition of ACE2 receptor binding by RBD protein) and lower IgG-S (AU/mL) antibody levels (AB) (sVNT: 79% vs. 2%, p < 0. 001; AB: 1018 AU/mL vs. 141 AU/mL, p = 0.025). In contrast, patients on therapy with vedolizumab showed no impairment in humoral immune response (sVNT, S-IgG) compared with healthy controls. Specific T-cellular reactivity was detected in 73% of IBD patients and in 67% of healthy controls independent of immunosuppressive therapy (anti-TNF., vedolizumab) (p = 0.189). Conclusion: Six months after BNT162b2 vaccination, this study found significantly decreased antibody levels in patients under anti-TNF therapy. IBD patients under anti-TNF and vedolizumab therapy had no impairment of T-cellular reactivity compared to healthy controls at this time point. Further studies with larger collectives for confirmation should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Vollenberg
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (P.-R.T.); (T.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Phil-Robin Tepasse
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (P.-R.T.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Eva Lorentzen
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Tobias Max Nowacki
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (P.-R.T.); (T.M.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Marienhospital Steinfurt, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
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17
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Magro F, Estevinho MM. COVID-19 Vaccines in IBD Patients: Particularities and Future Perspectives. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1343-1344. [PMID: 35412580 PMCID: PMC9383753 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Magro
- Corresponding author: Fernando Magro, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Plácido Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal. Tel.: +351 225513600; E-mail:
| | - Maria Manuela Estevinho
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Gastroenterology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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18
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Zacharopoulou E, Orfanoudaki E, Tzouvala M, Tribonias G, Kokkotis G, Kitsou V, Almpani F, Christidou A, Viazis N, Mantzaris GJ, Tsafaridou M, Karmiris K, Theodoropoulou A, Papathanasiou E, Zampeli E, Michopoulos S, Tigkas S, Michalopoulos G, Laoudi E, Karatzas P, Mylonas I, Kyriakos N, Liatsos C, Kafetzi T, Theocharis G, Taka S, Panagiotopoulou K, Koutroubakis IE, Bamias G. Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Have Impaired Antibody Production After Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Results From a Panhellenic Registry. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:228-237. [PMID: 35394529 PMCID: PMC9051580 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four EMA-approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are currently available. Data regarding antibody responses to initial vaccination regimens in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are limited. METHODS We conducted a prospective, controlled, multicenter study in tertiary Greek IBD centers. Participating patients had completed the initial vaccination regimens (1 or 2 doses, depending on the type of COVID-19 vaccine) at least 2 weeks before study enrolment. Anti-S1 IgG antibody levels were measured. Demographic and adverse events data were collected. RESULTS We tested 403 patients (Crohn's disease, 58.9%; male, 53.4%; median age, 45 years) and 124 healthy controls (HCs). Following full vaccination, 98% of patients seroconverted, with mRNA vaccines inducing higher seroconversion rates than viral vector vaccines (P = .021). In total, IBD patients had lower anti-S1 levels than HCs (P < .001). In the multivariate analysis, viral vector vaccines (P < .001), longer time to antibody testing (P < .001), anti-TNFα treatment (P = .013), and age (P = .016) were independently associated with lower anti-S1 titers. Vedolizumab monotherapy was associated with higher antibody levels than anti-TNFα or anti-interleukin-12/IL-23 monotherapy (P = .023 and P = .032). All anti- SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were safe. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD have impaired antibody responses to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, particularly those receiving viral vector vaccines and those on anti-TNFα treatment. Older age also hampers antibody production after vaccination. For those low-response groups, administration of accelerated or prioritized booster vaccination may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Zacharopoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus “Agios Panteleimon,” General Hospital Dytikis Attikis “Agia Varvara,”Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Orfanoudaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus “Agios Panteleimon,” General Hospital Dytikis Attikis “Agia Varvara,”Athens, Greece
| | - George Tribonias
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus “Agios Panteleimon,” General Hospital Dytikis Attikis “Agia Varvara,”Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kokkotis
- GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univeristy of Athens- “Sotiria” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kitsou
- GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univeristy of Athens- “Sotiria” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Almpani
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens, Evaggelismos, Opthalmiatreion Athinon, Polykliniki, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Christidou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens, Evaggelismos, Opthalmiatreion Athinon, Polykliniki, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Viazis
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens, Evaggelismos, Opthalmiatreion Athinon, Polykliniki, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerassimos J Mantzaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens, Evaggelismos, Opthalmiatreion Athinon, Polykliniki, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsafaridou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Evgenia Papathanasiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens “Alexandra,”Athens, Greece
| | - Evanthia Zampeli
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens “Alexandra,”Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Michopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens “Alexandra,”Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Tigkas
- **Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Piraeus “Tzaneio,”Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Efrossini Laoudi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko,”Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Karatzas
- Department of Gastroenterology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko,”Athens, Greece
| | - Iordanis Mylonas
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kyriakos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Kafetzi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | - Georgios Theocharis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | - Styliani Taka
- StArtBio PC Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology Services, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis E Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univeristy of Athens- “Sotiria” General Hospital, Athens, Greece,Address correspondence to: Giorgos Bamias, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Gastroenterology, GI Unit, 3rd Academic Dpt. of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, 152 Mesogeion av. 11527, Tel +30 2107763100, Athens, Greece ()
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19
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Xu AM, Li D, Ebinger JE, Mengesha E, Elyanow R, Gittelman RM, Chapman H, Joung S, Botwin GJ, Pozdnyakova V, Debbas P, Mujukian A, Prostko JC, Frias EC, Stewart JL, Horizon AA, Merin N, Sobhani K, Figueiredo JC, Cheng S, Kaplan IM, McGovern DPB, Merchant A, Melmed GY, Braun J. Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response Dynamics Between Class-I- and Class-II-Specific T-Cell Receptors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880190. [PMID: 35464463 PMCID: PMC9024211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells specifically bind antigens to induce adaptive immune responses using highly specific molecular recognition, and a diverse T-cell repertoire with expansion of antigen-specific clones can indicate robust immune responses after infection or vaccination. For patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a spectrum of chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases usually requiring immunomodulatory treatment, the T-cell response has not been well characterized. Understanding the patient factors that result in strong vaccination responses is critical to guiding vaccination schedules and identifying mechanisms of T-cell responses in IBD and other immune-mediated conditions. Here we used T-cell receptor sequencing to show that T-cell responses in an IBD cohort were influenced by demographic and immune factors, relative to a control cohort of health care workers (HCWs). Subjects were sampled at the time of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and longitudinally afterwards; TCR Vβ gene repertoires were sequenced and analyzed for COVID-19-specific clones. We observed significant differences in the overall strength of the T-cell response by age and vaccine type. We further stratified the T-cell response into Class-I- and Class-II-specific responses, showing that Ad26.COV2.S vector vaccine induced Class-I-biased T-cell responses, whereas mRNA vaccine types led to different responses, with mRNA-1273 vaccine inducing a more Class-I-deficient T-cell response compared to BNT162b2. Finally, we showed that these T-cell patterns were consistent with antibody levels from the same patients. Our results account for the surprising success of vaccination in nominally immuno-compromised IBD patients, while suggesting that a subset of IBD patients prone to deficiencies in T-cell response may warrant enhanced booster protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Xu
- Cedars Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph E. Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emebet Mengesha
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Heidi Chapman
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sandy Joung
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Botwin
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valeriya Pozdnyakova
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Philip Debbas
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Angela Mujukian
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John C. Prostko
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Edwin C. Frias
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - James L. Stewart
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Arash A. Horizon
- Center for Rheumatology Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Noah Merin
- Cedars Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Cedars Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ian M. Kaplan
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dermot P. B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akil Merchant
- Cedars Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gil Y. Melmed
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Sung KY, Chang TE, Wang YP, Lin CC, Chang CY, Hou MC, Lu CL. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:421-430. [PMID: 34974509 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has been effective in preventing COVID-19 infections and related mortality. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was also recommended by the international society for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, IBD patients were not recruited in prospective randomized clinical vaccine studies. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients, we conducted this systemic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 1, 2019, and September 9, 2021. Studies written in English reported the efficacy, seroconversion (anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) antibody titer beyond the threshold) rate, and adverse events after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients. We extracted the author, date, study design, country, types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, number of IBD patients receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, and study outcomes. Published data from the enrolled studies were pooled to determine effect estimates. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021264993). RESULTS We analyzed findings from 27 454 IBD patients who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination COVID-19 infection rate was comparable between the IBD patients and non-IBD patients (odds ratio [OR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.96-1.71]) and higher in nonvaccinated IBD patients compared with vaccinated IBD patients (OR, 8.63 [95% CI, 5.44-13.37]). The adverse event rate, severe adverse events, and mortality after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were 69%, 3%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is effective and tolerated in preventing COVID-19 infections in IBD patients. Over 98% of patients had seroconversion after receiving all doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and the influence of biologics on vaccination was limited. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is recommended for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yi Sung
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-En Chang
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Po Wang
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Chi Lin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Yu Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Liang Lu
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Cerna K, Duricova D, Hindos M, Hindos HJ, Lukas M, Machkova N, Hruba V, Mitrova K, Kubickova K, Kastylova K, Teplan V, Lukas M. Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1347-1353. [PMID: 35358307 PMCID: PMC8992348 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Knowledge on the immunogenicity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients is limited. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses and antibodies were analysed in 60 IBD vaccine recipients and 30 controls. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the viral spike protein were measured at baseline and at 8 and 26 weeks after the second vaccine dose. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the nucleocapsid antigens were measured at week 26. A SARS-CoV-2 interferon-gamma released assay [IGRA] was performed in all vaccinees at week 26. RESULTS At weeks 0 and 8, no differences were found in anti-spike antibodies between cohorts. At week 26, the decrease in antibody levels was more significant in the IBD cohort compared to the healthy cohort, and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were not detected in either group. At week 26, 16 of 90 [18%] vaccinated individuals had a negative IGRA test result, seven of 90 [8%] were borderline and 67 [74%] had a positive IGRA result; 22 of the 23 individuals with negative or borderline IGRA results belonged to the IBD cohort. However, the overall functional ability of T-lymphocytes to produce interferon-gamma after the unspecific mitogen stimulation was lower in IBD patients. In vaccinated individuals with low or borderline IGRA, treatment with tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors was the most frequent. In individuals with a significant drop in anti-spike antibody levels, plasmatic interferon-gamma concentrations after the specific SARS-CoV-2 stimulation were also insufficient. CONCLUSIONS Simple humoral and cellular post-vaccination monitoring is advisable in IBD patients so that repeated vaccine doses may be scheduled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Cerna
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,GENNET Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Duricova
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Martin Lukas
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Nadezda Machkova
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hruba
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Mitrova
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kubickova
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kastylova
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Teplan
- Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute for Postgradual Medical Education, Prague Czech Republic,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Lukas
- Address for correspondence Prof. Milan Lukas, MD, PhD, AGAF, Clinical and Research Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ISCARE and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ceskomoravska 1510/19, 190 00 Prague 9, Czech Republic, +420 234 770 299,
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22
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Spiera E, Ganjian DY, Zhang X, Brenner EJ, Agrawal M, Colombel JF, Kappelman MD, Kornbluth A, Ungaro RC. Outcomes of COVID-19 Infections in Vaccinated Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Data From an International Registry. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1126-1129. [PMID: 35238372 PMCID: PMC9383501 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Spiera
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danielle Y Ganjian
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA,Sackler School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erica J Brenner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael D Kappelman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Ryan C Ungaro
- Address correspondence to: Ryan C. Ungaro, MD, MS, Assistant Professor of Medicine, The Feinstein Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Center, The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA ()
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23
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Spiera E, Ungaro RC, Kornbluth A. Effectiveness and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2022; 18:145-155. [PMID: 35506005 PMCID: PMC9053483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important for protection from COVID-19; however, patients with immune-mediated conditions and patients taking immunosuppressive medications, including patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), were excluded from studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of these vaccines. This article provides an overview of the research and recommendations currently published on vaccines against COVID-19 in adult populations with IBD, including studies evaluating effects of commonly used medications. COVID-19 vaccines are strongly recommended for patients with IBD. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and adenovirus vector vaccines are safe in patients with IBD, and reports of severe reactions or IBD flares are rare. Studies assessing antibody response, T-cell immunity, and real-world experience demonstrate positive outcomes for mRNA and adenovirus vector vaccines in patients with IBD, although mRNA vaccines may have a slight advantage. Studies assessing inactive COVID-19 vaccines are still needed. Immunosuppressive therapies used in IBD, especially tumor necrosis factor antagonists, combination therapy, and corticosteroids, may reduce antibody responses and durability, but the impact on infection, hospitalizations, and death requires further evaluation. Educating patients with this evidence-based information will likely help to reduce concerns and vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Spiera
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ryan C Ungaro
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Asher Kornbluth
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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24
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Factors Affecting Initial Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:462-469. [PMID: 35029167 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although an additional coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine dose for immunocompromised persons has been recommended in some countries, further data to guide vaccination strategies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are urgently needed. We sought to identify factors affecting initial humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines among patients with IBD. METHODS In this prospective cohort of SARS-CoV-2 immunized patients with IBD, we evaluated associations between participant age, sex, vaccine type, medication use, and the presence of a detectable antireceptor binding domain antibody and quantitative antibody level. RESULTS In total, 1,909 participants were included (1,123, 692, and 94 received BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S, respectively) of whom 96% achieved a positive antibody response. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with lack of antibody response were older age (P = 0.043), BNT162b2 vs mRNA-1273 (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-3.9), and combination therapy with anti-TNF and 6MP, azathioprine, or methotrexate (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.4-7.3). The use of 5-aminosalicylate or sulfasalazine (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.8) and ustekinumab (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.05-0.8) was associated with decreased odds of lacking antibody response. DISCUSSION Most patients with IBD mount an initial response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; however, older patients and those treated with anti-TNF and immunomodulator have blunted responses and may benefit the most from an additional vaccine dose. Patients treated with other classes of immunosuppressive medications have more robust initial immune responses to vaccination. These data should inform key decisions about patient selection for additional coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine doses in patients with IBD.
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25
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Vollenberg R, Tepasse PR, Kühn JE, Hennies M, Strauss M, Rennebaum F, Schomacher T, Boeckel G, Lorentzen E, Bokemeyer A, Nowacki TM. Humoral Immune Response in IBD Patients Three and Six Months after Vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2. Biomedicines 2022; 10:171. [PMID: 35052849 PMCID: PMC8774019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronovirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccination is considered the core approach to containing the pandemic. There is currently insufficient evidence on the efficacy of these vaccines in immunosuppressed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the humoral response in immunosuppressed IBD patients after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. In this prospective study, IgG antibody levels (AB) against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (spike-protein) were quantitatively determined. For assessing the potential neutralizing capacity, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate neutralization test (sVNT) was employed in IBD patients (n = 95) and healthy controls (n = 38). Sera were examined prior to the first/second vaccination and 3/6 months after second vaccination. Patients showed lower sVNT (%) and IgG-S (AU/mL) AB both before the second vaccination (sVNT p < 0.001; AB p < 0.001) and 3 (sVNT p = 0.002; AB p = 0.001) and 6 months (sVNT p = 0.062; AB p = 0.061) after the second vaccination. Although seroconversion rates (sVNT, IgG-S) did not differ between the two groups 3 months after second vaccination, a significant difference was seen 6 months after second vaccination (sVNT p = 0.045). Before and three months after the second vaccination, patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents showed significantly lower AB than healthy subjects. In conclusion, an early booster shot vaccination should be discussed for IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Vollenberg
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.R.); (T.S.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Phil-Robin Tepasse
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.R.); (T.S.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Joachim Ewald Kühn
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.E.K.); (M.H.); (E.L.)
| | - Marc Hennies
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.E.K.); (M.H.); (E.L.)
| | - Markus Strauss
- Department of Medicine C, Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Florian Rennebaum
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.R.); (T.S.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Tina Schomacher
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.R.); (T.S.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Göran Boeckel
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Eva Lorentzen
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.E.K.); (M.H.); (E.L.)
| | - Arne Bokemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Tobias Max Nowacki
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clincial Infectiology University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.R.); (T.S.); (T.M.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Marienhospital Steinfurt, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
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26
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Humoral Immunogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Healthy Controls. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:176-179. [PMID: 34797219 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on immune-modifying therapies may have a lower vaccine response to certain vaccines. The aim of our study was to evaluate humoral immunogenicity of mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines among patients with IBD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We performed a prospective study to evaluate humoral immunogenicity among patients with IBD and HCs after completion of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS One hundred twenty-two patients with IBD and 60 HCs were enrolled. All HCs and 97% of patients with IBD developed antibodies. Antibody concentrations were lower in patients with IBD compared with those in HCs (median 31 vs 118 μg/mL; P < 0.001). Those who received the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) COVID-19 (median 38; interquartile range [IQR] 24-75 vs μg/mL) had higher antibody concentrations compared with those who received the Pfizer-BNT vaccine series (median 22; IQR 11-42 μg/mL; P < 0.001). Patients on immune-modifying therapy (median 26; IQR 13-50 μg/mL) had lower antibody concentrations compared with those who were on no treatment, aminosalicylates, or vedolizumab (median 59; IQR 31-75 μg/mL; P = 0.003). DISCUSSION Almost all patients with IBD in our study mounted an antibody response. Future studies are needed in evaluating sustained humoral immunity and the impact of booster dosing in patients with IBD.
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27
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Li D, Xu A, Mengesha E, Elyanow R, Gittelman RM, Chapman H, Prostko JC, Frias EC, Stewart JL, Pozdnyakova V, Debbas P, Mujukian A, Horizon AA, Merin N, Joung S, Botwin GJ, Sobhani K, Figueiredo JC, Cheng S, Kaplan IM, McGovern DP, Merchant A, Melmed GY, Braun J. The T-cell clonal response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease patients is augmented by anti-TNF therapy and often deficient in antibody-responders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.12.08.21267444. [PMID: 34909785 PMCID: PMC8669852 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.08.21267444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is a highly effective strategy to protect against infection, which is predominantly mediated by vaccine-induced antibodies. Postvaccination antibodies are robustly produced by those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) even on immune-modifying therapies but are blunted by anti-TNF therapy. In contrast, T-cell response which primarily determines long-term efficacy against disease progression,, is less well understood. We aimed to assess the post-vaccination T-cell response and its relationship to antibody responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on immune-modifying therapies. METHODS We evaluated IBD patients who completed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination using samples collected at four time points (dose 1, dose 2, 2 weeks after dose 2, 8 weeks after dose 2). T-cell clonal analysis was performed by T-cell Receptor (TCR) immunosequencing. The breadth (number of unique sequences to a given protein) and depth (relative abundance of all the unique sequences to a given protein) of the T-cell clonal response were quantified using reference datasets and were compared to antibody responses. RESULTS Overall, 303 subjects were included (55% female; 5% with prior COVID) (Table). 53% received BNT262b (Pfizer), 42% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and 5% Ad26CoV2 (J&J). The Spike-specific clonal response peaked 2 weeks after completion of the vaccine regimen (3- and 5-fold for breadth and depth, respectively); no changes were seen for non-Spike clones, suggesting vaccine specificity. Reduced T-cell clonal depth was associated with chronologic age, male sex, and immunomodulator treatment. It was preserved by non-anti-TNF biologic therapies, and augmented clonal depth was associated with anti-TNF treatment. TCR depth and breadth were associated with vaccine type; after adjusting for age and gender, Ad26CoV2 (J&J) exhibited weaker metrics than mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (p=0.01 for each) or BNT262b (Pfizer) (p=0.056 for depth). Antibody and T-cell responses were only modestly correlated. While those with robust humoral responses also had robust TCR clonal expansion, a substantial fraction of patients with high antibody levels had only a minimal T-cell clonal response. CONCLUSION Age, sex and select immunotherapies are associated with the T-cell clonal response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and T-cell responses are low in many patients despite high antibody levels. These factors, as well as differences seen by vaccine type may help guide reimmunization vaccine strategy in immune-impaired populations. Further study of the effects of anti-TNF therapy on vaccine responses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Xu
- Cedars Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emebet Mengesha
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - John C. Prostko
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL
| | - Edwin C. Frias
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL
| | - James L. Stewart
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL
| | - Valeriya Pozdnyakova
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip Debbas
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Mujukian
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Noah Merin
- Cedars Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandy Joung
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J. Botwin
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Cedars Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akil Merchant
- Cedars Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gil Y. Melmed
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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28
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Bezzio C, Armuzzi A, Furfaro F, Ardizzone S, Milla M, Carparelli S, Orlando A, Caprioli FA, Castiglione F, Viganò C, Ribaldone DG, Zingone F, Monterubbianesi R, Imperatore N, Festa S, Daperno M, Scucchi L, Ferronato A, Pastorelli L, Balestrieri P, Ricci C, Cappello M, Felice C, Fiorino G, Saibeni S. Therapies for inflammatory bowel disease do not pose additional risks for adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection: an IG-IBD study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:1432-1441. [PMID: 34694009 PMCID: PMC8653024 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older age and comorbidities are the main risk factors for adverse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The impact of IBD medications is still under investigation. AIMS To assess risk factors for adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in IBD patients and use the identified risk factors to build risk indices. METHODS Observational cohort study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with pneumonia, hospitalisation, need for ventilatory support, and death. RESULTS Of the 937 patients (446 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) evaluated, 128 (13.7%) had asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 664 (70.8%) had a favourable course, and 135 (15.5%) had moderate or severe COVID-19. In UC patients, obesity, active disease and comorbidities were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. In patients with Crohn's disease (CD), age, obesity, comorbidities and an additional immune-mediated inflammatory disease were identified as risk factors. These risk factors were incorporated into two indices to identify patients with UC or CD with a higher risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. In multivariable analyses, no single IBD medication was associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes, but anti-TNF agents were associated with a lower risk of pneumonia in UC, and lower risks of hospitalisation and severe COVID-19 in CD. CONCLUSION The course of COVID-19 in patients with IBD is similar to that in the general population. IBD patients with active disease and comorbidities are at greater risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. IBD medications do not pose additional risks. The risk indices may help to identify patients who should be prioritised for COVID-19 re-vaccination or for therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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29
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Tepasse PR, Vollenberg R, Nowacki TM. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Where Do We Stand? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111220. [PMID: 34833096 PMCID: PMC8620225 DOI: 10.3390/life11111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Immunosuppressive medication is the main therapeutic approach to reducing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Immunocompromised patients are more vulnerable to severe courses of illness after infection with common pathogens. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following severe pulmonal damage in a significant number of cases. The worldwide circulation of SARS-CoV-2 has led to major concerns about the management of IBD patients during the pandemic, as these patients are expected to be at greater risk of complications because of their underlying altered immunological condition and immunosuppressive therapies. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is considered the main approach in containing the pandemic. Today, several vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease course in subjects without underlying conditions in respective registration studies. Patients with underlying conditions such as IBD and/or immunosuppressive therapies were not included in the registration studies, so little is known about effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immunocompromised IBD patients. This review provides an overview of the recent knowledge about vaccine response in IBD patients after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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