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Zaman SU, Rafiq S, Ali A, Mehdi MS, Arshad A, Rehman SU, Muhammad N, Irfan M, Khurram MS, Zaman MKU, Hanbazazah AS, Lim HR, Show PL. Recent advancement challenges with synthesis of biocompatible hemodialysis membranes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135626. [PMID: 35863415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this study is to enhance the protein fouling resistance, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility and ability of the membranes and to reduce health complications like chronic pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease after dialysis, which are the great challenges in HD applications. In the current study, the PSF-based dialysis membranes are studied broadly. Significant consideration has also been provided to membrane characteristics (e.g., flowrate coefficient, solute clearance characteristic) and also on commercially available polysulfone HD membranes. PSF has gained a significant share in the development of HD membranes, and continuous improvements are being made in the process to make high flux PSF-based dialysis membranes with enhanced biocompatibility and improved protein resistance ability as the major issue in the development of membranes for HD application is biocompatibility. There has been a great increase in the demand for novel biocompatible membranes that offer the best performances during HD therapy, for example, low oxidative stress and low change ability of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Uz Zaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, New Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Abulhassan Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Shozab Mehdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Amber Arshad
- Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Saif-Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Centre of Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Abdulkader S Hanbazazah
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Schmaier AH, Stavrou EX. Factor XII - What's important but not commonly thought about. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2019; 3:599-606. [PMID: 31624779 PMCID: PMC6781921 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor XII (FXII) becomes a serine protease when blood is exposed to artificial medical surfaces or when pathologic surfaces arise in disease states leading to its autoactivation. Initiation of the blood coagulation cascade was the first recognized activity of FXIIa. Blocking FXIIa activity formed on artificial medical surfaces should reduce induced blood coagulation leading to thrombosis. In contrast to FXII enzymatic activities, less is known about zymogen FXII functions. Studies show that zymogen FXII has biologic activity in various cells in vivo. In endothelium, FXII stimulates cell growth and proliferation and, in vivo, neoangiogenesis after injury. In fibroblasts, transforming growth factor-β increases FXII expression, which in turn stimulates fibroblast proliferation, contributing to tissue fibrosis. In neutrophils, FXII stimulates Akt2 to initiate neutrophil adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis, priming events leading to NETosis. Factor FXII deficiency leads to decreased neutrophil recruitment and improved wound healing. In dendritic cells, FXII contributes to neuroinflammation, and its deficiency or pharmacologic inhibition renders mice less susceptible to autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These combined studies indicate that FXII also contributes to multiple components of the inflammatory response. In sum, targeting FXII's biologic activities may provide novel approaches to reduce thrombosis and the inflammatory response in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin H. Schmaier
- Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio
- Department of MedicineUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhio
| | - Evi X. Stavrou
- Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio
- Department of MedicineVA Northeast Ohio Healthcare SystemClevelandOhio
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Henneuse A, Suchon P, Chambost H, Morange PE, Frere C, Alessi MC. α 1 -antitrypsin Pittsburgh and plasmin-mediated proteolysis. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2023-2026. [PMID: 27468101 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Patients with α-1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) Pittsburgh exhibit a mild bleeding tendency. A new case of α1-AT Pittsburgh with suspected high antifibrinolytic potential was studied. We showed that α1-AT Pittsburgh inhibits tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin. The antifibrinolytic potential of the variant contributes to explaining the mild bleeding phenotype. SUMMARY α1 -Antitrypsin (α1 -AT) Pittsburgh has a Met358 to Arg substitution at the reactive Met-Ser site of α1 -AT, which enables the protein to act as a potent thrombin inhibitor. Four patients with α1 -AT Pittsburgh have been described to date. An additional young girl was recently diagnosed with α1 -AT Pittsburgh in our center after presenting with a large hematoma in the forearm. Interestingly, all of these patients showed a potent thrombin inhibitor in the plasma and a mild bleeding phenotype. This observation suggests that the in vivo consequences of the mutation may contribute to the maintenance of normal hemostatic balance. We assessed inhibition of the fibrinolytic system by the variant protein by evaluating the fibrinolysis inhibitory potential of the patient's plasma, purified wild-type α1 -AT and purified Pittsburgh α1 -AT with an electrophoretic zymography system, western blotting, and clot fibrinolysis. Our results indicate that the patient's plasma and purified α1 -AT Pittsburgh have strong potential to inhibit tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Henneuse
- Laboratoire hématologie, CHU Timone, Inserm UMR_S 1062, Inra UMR_1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - P Suchon
- Laboratoire hématologie, CHU Timone, Inserm UMR_S 1062, Inra UMR_1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - H Chambost
- Laboratoire hématologie, CHU Timone, Inserm UMR_S 1062, Inra UMR_1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - P E Morange
- Laboratoire hématologie, CHU Timone, Inserm UMR_S 1062, Inra UMR_1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - C Frere
- Laboratoire hématologie, CHU Timone, Inserm UMR_S 1062, Inra UMR_1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - M C Alessi
- Laboratoire hématologie, CHU Timone, Inserm UMR_S 1062, Inra UMR_1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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Overview of PES biocompatible/hemodialysis membranes: PES–blood interactions and modification techniques. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:574-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Larsson M, Rayzman V, Nolte MW, Nickel KF, Bjorkqvist J, Jamsa A, Hardy MP, Fries M, Schmidbauer S, Hedenqvist P, Broome M, Pragst I, Dickneite G, Wilson MJ, Nash AD, Panousis C, Renne T. A Factor XIIa Inhibitory Antibody Provides Thromboprotection in Extracorporeal Circulation Without Increasing Bleeding Risk. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:222ra17. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Perera NC, Wiesmüller KH, Larsen MT, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Borregaard N, Jenne DE. NSP4 is stored in azurophil granules and released by activated neutrophils as active endoprotease with restricted specificity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2700-7. [PMID: 23904161 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Whereas neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 have been known as granule-associated serine proteases of neutrophils for decades, a fourth member, called neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4), was just recently described and provisionally characterized. In this study, we identified NSP4 as a novel azurophil granule protein of neutrophils by Western blot analyses of subcellular fractions as well as by RT-PCR analyses of neutrophil precursors from human bone marrow. The highest mRNA levels were observed in myeloblasts and promyelocytes, similar to myeloperoxidase, a marker of azurophil granules. To determine the extended sequence specificity of recombinant NSP4, we used an iterative fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based optimization strategy. In total, 142 different peptide substrates with arginine in P1 and variations at the P1', P2', P3, P4, and P2 positions were tested. This enabled us to construct an α1-proteinase inhibitor variant (Ile-Lys-Pro-Arg-/-Ser-Ile-Pro) with high specificity for NSP4. This tailor-made serpin was shown to form covalent complexes with all NSP4 of neutrophil lysates and supernatants of activated neutrophils, indicating that NSP4 is fully processed and stored as an already activated enzyme in azurophil granules. Moreover, cathepsin C was identified as the activator of NSP4 in vivo, as cathepsin C deficiency resulted in a complete absence of NSP4 in a Papillon-Lefèvre patient. Our in-depth analysis of NSP4 establishes this arginine-specific protease as a genuine member of preactivated serine proteases stored in azurophil granules of human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha C Perera
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Ovroutski S, Sohn C, Miera O, Peters B, Alexi-Meskishvili V, Hetzer R, Berger F, Hübler M. Improved early postoperative outcome for extracardiac Fontan operation without cardiopulmonary bypass: a single-centre experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 43:952-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fear G, Komarnytsky S, Raskin I. Protease inhibitors and their peptidomimetic derivatives as potential drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 113:354-68. [PMID: 17098288 PMCID: PMC7112583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatial and temporal regulation of proteolytic activity is essential to human physiology. Modulation of protease activity with synthetic peptidomimetic inhibitors has proven to be clinically useful for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hypertension and shows potential for medicinal application in cancer, obesity, cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative diseases, and various infectious and parasitic diseases. Exploration of natural inhibitors and synthesis of peptidomimetic molecules has provided many promising compounds performing successfully in animal studies. Several protease inhibitors are undergoing further evaluation in human clinical trials. New research strategies are now focusing on the need for improved comprehension of protease-regulated cascades, along with precise selection of targets and improved inhibitor specificity. It remains to be seen which second generation agents will evolve into approved drugs or complementary therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgie Fear
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Kawahira Y, Uemura H, Yagihara T. Impact of the Off-Pump Fontan Procedure on Complement Activation and Cytokine Generation. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 81:685-9. [PMID: 16427874 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether the Fontan procedure in an off-pump fashion is less invasive in terms of the systemic inflammatory reaction. METHODS Plasma levels of complement and cytokines were measured during and after the Fontan procedure in consecutive 38 patients. Of these, 16 underwent the extracardiac method without use of cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump group), while the machine was used in the remaining 22 because of intracardiac maneuvers concomitantly needed (CPB group). RESULTS There was no difference, between these two groups, in any value of plasma complement or cytokines after anesthetic induction. Immediately after commencement of the Fontan circulation, however, plasma concentration was significantly lower in the off-pump group for activated complement 3 (C3a), interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and polymorphonuclear elastase. The C3a value was also lower at 2 hours later in the off-pump group than in the CPB group. Furthermore, the values even stayed within the normal ranges, in the off-pump group, for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and thrombomodulin. A pulmonary venous oxygen tension divided by an inspired oxygen tension (PpvO2/FiO2) ratio immediately after commencement of the Fontan circulation was 528 +/- 93 mm Hg (410 to 580 mm Hg) in the off-pump group, and 258 +/- 167 mm Hg (86 to 540 mm Hg) in the CPB group (p = 0.01). Duration of drainage for fluid sequestration was shorter in the former group (6.3 +/- 0.7 days versus 13.9 +/- 2.5 days, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory reactions were attenuated when the Fontan procedure was employed in an off-pump fashion compared with the usual procedure on bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kawahira
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Gorbet MB, Sefton MV. Biomaterial-associated thrombosis: roles of coagulation factors, complement, platelets and leukocytes. Biomaterials 2005; 25:5681-703. [PMID: 15147815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Our failure to produce truly non-thrombogenic materials may reflect a failure to fully understand the mechanisms of biomaterial-associated thrombosis. The community has focused on minimizing coagulation or minimizing platelet adhesion and activation. We have infrequently considered the interactions between the two although we are generally familiar with these interactions. However, we have rarely considered in the context of biomaterial-associated thrombosis the other major players in blood: complement and leukocytes. Biomaterials are known agonists of complement and leukocyte activation, but this is frequently studied only in the context of inflammation. For us, thrombosis is a special case of inflammation. Here we summarize current perspectives on all four of these components in thrombosis and with biomaterials and cardiovascular devices. We also briefly highlight a few features of biomaterial-associated thrombosis that are not often considered in the biomaterials literature: The importance of tissue factor and the extrinsic coagulation system. Complement activation as a prelude to platelet activation and its role in thrombosis. The role of leukocytes in thrombin formation. The differing time scales of these contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud B Gorbet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Room 407D, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3G9
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Cook KE, Maxhimer J, Leonard DJ, Mavroudis C, Backer CL, Mockros LF. Platelet and leukocyte activation and design consequences for thoracic artificial lungs. ASAIO J 2002; 48:620-30. [PMID: 12455772 DOI: 10.1097/00002480-200211000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood contact with the prosthetic surfaces of artificial lungs causes extensive activation of molecular and cellular mediators of coagulation and inflammation that can lead to patient morbidity and mortality. To determine the effects of artificial lung fiber bundle shear stress and surface area on blood activation, porcine blood was recirculated for 4 hours through circuits containing mock artificial lungs with bundle shear stresses of 11.6, 7.3, and 3.9 dynes/cm2 and surface areas of 5.2, 3.5, and 1.7 cm2/ml of circuit volume. Blood from these circuits was assayed for platelet and leukocyte counts, soluble P-selectin concentrations, and lactoferrin concentrations to determine the level of platelet and leukocyte adherence to the circuit, platelet activation, and leukocyte activation, respectively. Neither platelet nor leukocyte counts were significantly affected by shear stress or surface area. P-selectin and lactoferrin concentrations were significantly greater at a fiber bundle shear stress of 11.6 dynes/ cm2. P-selectin and lactoferrin concentrations were significantly greater at a fiber bundle surface area of 5.2 cm2/ml of circuit volume. Artificial lungs, therefore, should be designed with average bundle shear stresses < 11.6 dynes/cm2 and with surface areas < 5.2 cm2/ml of circuit volume. Current thoracic artificial lungs meet both these requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Cook
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Sefton MV, Gemmell CH, Gorbet MB. What really is blood compatibility? JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2001; 11:1165-82. [PMID: 11263806 DOI: 10.1163/156856200744255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The criteria for nonthrombogenicity are classically defined as long clotting times and minimal platelet deposition. The inability to point to unequivocal progress in the development of truly nonthrombogenic materials, highlights the inadequacy if not actually invalidity of these criteria. Our approach is to define nonthrombogenicity in terms of: (1) a thrombin production rate constant, kp < 10(-4) cm s(-1); (2) low platelet consumption and low degree of platelet activation (e.g., microparticle formation); (3) perhaps some platelet spreading; and (4) low complement and leukocyte activation. Only when the target becomes clear, will it be possible to identify clear strategies for producing the materials we need.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Sefton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
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Rinder CS, Rinder HM, Johnson K, Smith M, Lee DL, Tracey J, Polack G, Higgins P, Yeh CG, Smith BR. Role of C3 cleavage in monocyte activation during extracorporeal circulation. Circulation 1999; 100:553-8. [PMID: 10430771 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.5.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that inhibiting formation of terminal complement components (C5a and C5b-9) prevents platelet and neutrophil (PMN) but not monocyte activation during simulated extracorporeal circulation (SECC). This study examined whether earlier complement inhibition during SECC, blocking C3a formation, would additionally prevent monocyte activation. METHODS AND RESULTS SECC was established by recirculating heparinized whole blood from human volunteers on a membrane oxygenator. CAB-2, a chimeric protein constructed from genes encoding the complement regulatory proteins CD46 and CD55, inactivates the C3/C5 convertases and blocks in vitro generation of C3a, C5a, and C5b-9. CAB-2 was used in 4 experiments at a final concentration of 300 micrograms/mL and 4 experiments at 30 micrograms/mL; 4 control runs used vehicle alone. Samples were assayed for C3a and C5b-9, monocyte activation (CD11b upregulation), PMN activation (CD11b upregulation and elastase release), and platelet activation (P-selectin expression and monocyte-platelet conjugate formation). CAB-2 at both doses significantly inhibited formation of C3a and C5b-9 during SECC. High-dose CAB-2 significantly blocked monocyte and PMN CD11b upregulation and PMN elastase release. CAB-2 also inhibited formation of platelet activation-dependent monocyte-platelet conjugates. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of complement activation early in the common pathway inhibited monocyte CD11b upregulation during SECC, suggesting that early complement components contribute most to monocyte activation during SECC. As expected, PMN and platelet activation were blocked by terminal complement inhibition. This investigation further elucidates the relation between complement and blood cell activation during simulated cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Rinder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8035, USA.
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