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Luu-dam NA, Le CVC, Satyal P, Le TMH, Bui VH, Vo VH, Ngo GH, Bui TC, Nguyen HH, Setzer WN. Chemistry and Bioactivity of Croton Essential Oils: Literature Survey and Croton hirtus from Vietnam. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052361. [PMID: 36903605 PMCID: PMC10005233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using essential oils to control vectors, intermediate hosts, and disease-causing microorganisms is a promising approach. The genus Croton in the family Euphorbiaceae is a large genus, with many species containing large amounts of essential oils, however, essential oil studies are limited in terms of the number of Croton species investigated. In this work, the aerial parts of C. hirtus growing wild in Vietnam were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 141 compounds were identified in C. hirtus essential oil, in which sesquiterpenoids dominated, comprising 95.4%, including the main components β-caryophyllene (32.8%), germacrene D (11.6%), β-elemene (9.1%), α-humulene (8.5%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.0%). The essential oil of C. hirtus showed very strong biological activities against the larvae of four mosquito species with 24 h LC50 values in the range of 15.38-78.27 μg/mL, against Physella acuta adults with a 48 h LC50 value of 10.09 μg/mL, and against ATCC microorganisms with MIC values in the range of 8-16 μg/mL. In order to provide a comparison with previous works, a literature survey on the chemical composition, mosquito larvicidal, molluscicidal, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Croton species was conducted. Seventy-two references (seventy articles and one book) out of a total of two hundred and forty-four references related to the chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils of Croton species were used for this paper. The essential oils of some Croton species were characterized by their phenylpropanoid compounds. The experimental results of this research and the survey of the literature showed that Croton essential oils have the potential to be used to control mosquito-borne and mollusk-borne diseases, as well as microbial infections. Research on unstudied Croton species is needed to search for species with high essential oil contents and excellent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Anh Luu-dam
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Canh Viet Cuong Le
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue 530000, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Thi Mai Hoa Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vinh Medical University, 161 Nguyen Phong Sac, Vinh 461150, Vietnam
| | - Van Huong Bui
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Van Hoa Vo
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Gia Huy Ngo
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 5000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Chinh Bui
- Faculty of Biology, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi St., Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Hung Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 5000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-967036828
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Filatov VA, Kulyak OY, Kalenikova EI. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of a Plant-Based Substance for the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030328. [PMID: 36986428 PMCID: PMC10053605 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is the most prevalent dermatological disease, occurring in up to 50% of newborns, children, and adults around the world. The antibacterial and antifungal resistance contributed to the search for new natural substances and the development of a novel substance based on Melaleuca alternifolia (M. alternifolia) leaf oil (TTO), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), and α-(-)-bisabolol. Thus, this work aimed to determine the chemical composition of the novel plant-based substance and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against standard microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of SD. Moreover, the chemical composition of the substance was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) were used for antimicrobial and antifungal assays by means of the broth microdilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, the substance’s ability to inhibit Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) was evaluated. Eighteen compounds from different chemical groups were identified by GC/MS. The major biologically active compounds of the substance were terpinen-4-ol (20.88%), 1,8-cineole (22.28%), (-)-α-bisabolol (25.73%), and o-cymene (8.16%). The results showed that the substance has a synergistic antimicrobial and antifungal activity, while S. epidermidis and C. albicans strains were the most susceptible. Furthermore, the substance inhibited M. furfur, which is a main pathogen involved in the pathogenesis of SD and clinical manifestations. It can be concluded that the novel plant-based substance has a promising potential against M. furfur and scalp commensal bacteria and may be helpful for the development of new drugs for treatment of dandruff and SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Filatov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- SkyLab AG, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Olesya Yu. Kulyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 117216 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Kalenikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Mahmoudvand H, Ghasemian Yadegari J, Khalaf AK, Hashemi MJ, Dastyarhaghighi S, Salimikia I. Chemical composition, antileishmanial, and cytotoxic effects Ferula macrecolea essential oil against Leishmania tropica. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2022; 19:e00270. [PMID: 36118048 PMCID: PMC9475300 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, as well as antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil of Ferula macrecolea and its main compound, terpinolene, against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania tropica. Methods The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The MTT (3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to study the effects of the essential oil and terpinolene against promastigotes while the macrophage model was used for evaluating the effect of F. macrecolea essential oil against amastigotes of L. tropica as well as assessing cytotoxicity. The Griess reaction assay was employed to study the nitric oxide (NO) produced by treating macrophage cells with the essential oil and terpinolene. Furthermore, the effect of the essential oil and terpinolene on plasma membrane permeability and inhibition of infection in macrophages was evaluated. Results The main compounds were terpinolene (77.72%), n-nonanal (4.47%), and linalool (4.35%), respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the essential oil, terpinolene, and glucantime against promastigotes were 27.6, 11.6, and 32.8 μg/mL, respectively; however, their IC50 values against amastigotes were 42.3, 19.6, and 56.9 μg/mL, respectively. The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of the essential oil, terpinolene, and glucantime were 471.3, 207.3, and 1165.3 μg/mL, respectively. The production of NO in macrophage cells after treatment with the essential oil and terpinolene was increased in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). The results revealed that by increasing the concentration of the essential oil and terpinolene, the permeability of the parasites' plasma membrane was significantly changed (p < 0.001). The pre-incubation of Leishmania parasites with F. macrecolea essential oil and terpinolene significantly declined the rate of cell infection by 74.8% and 79.4%, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that F. macrecolea essential oil, especially its main compound, i.e., terpinolene, has a potent antiparasitic effect on the promastigote and amastigote stages of L. tropica. Considering the advantages of medicinal plant products over their chemical counterparts, it is suggested that in the continuation of this study, the effect of F. macrecolea essential oil, especially terpinolene, on laboratory animals, and in case of high efficiency, in humans be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Iraj Salimikia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Xing Y, Yu Z, Hu X, Yin J, Fan T, Fu Z, Pan G, Liu E, Zhou J, Han L. Characterization of volatile organic compounds in Polygonum multiflorum and two of its processed products based on multivariate statistical analysis for processing technology monitoring. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1680:463431. [PMID: 36027836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe a comprehensive analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of raw Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) and two of its processed products, as well as an effective and simple method based on volatile markers to determine to which extent the PM had been processed. Sixty-five VOCs were identified by headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), along with headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the HS-SPME-GC-MS spectra and fingerprint analysis of the HS-GC-IMS spectra allowed the identification of raw PM from its processed products based the VOCs identified. Furthermore, the content and distribution of VOCs in the samples were easily analyzed visually based on clustering-kernel density estimation (Cluster-KDE). Finally, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) allowed the screening of significant markers to identify the processing method and consequently distinguish the three studied groups of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Tianci Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, P.R. China
| | - Erwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jianpeng Zhou
- Tianjin Institude for Drug Control, 98 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China.
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Novel Formula of Antiprotozoal Mixtures. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070913. [PMID: 35884167 PMCID: PMC9312222 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming more common in both bacteria and pathogenic protozoa. Therefore, new solutions are being sought as alternatives to currently used agents. There are many new ideas and solutions, especially compounds of natural origin, including essential oils. In the present study, the antiprotozoal activity of a mixture of essential oils (eucalyptus, lavender, cedar and tea tree), organic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid) and metal ions (Cu, Zn, Mn) were tested. As a model, protozoans were selected: Euglena gracilis, Gregarina blattarum, Amoeba proteus, Paramecium caudatum, Pentatrichomonas hominis. The tested concentrations of mixtures were in the range of 0.001–1.5%. The analyses show unexpected, very strong protozoicidal activity of combinations, presenting the synergy of compounds via determination of LD50 and LD100 values. Obtained mixtures showed significantly higher activity against protozoans, compared to chloramphenicol and metronidazole. Most of the analyzed samples show high antiprotozoal activity at very low concentration, in the range of 0.001–0.009%. The most effective combinations for all analyzed protozoans were the cedar essential oil and tea tree essential oil with a mixture of acids and manganese or zinc ions. Innovative combinations of essential oils, organic acids and metal ions are characterized by very high antiprotozoal activity at low doses, which, after further investigation, can be applicable for control of protozoan pathogens.
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In Vitro Pharmacological Screening of Essential Oils from Baccharis parvidentata and Lippia origanoides Growing in Brazil. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061926. [PMID: 35335288 PMCID: PMC8953750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of essential oil from Baccharis parvidentata Malag. (EO-Bp) and Lippia origanoides Kunth (EO-Lo) were explored. The relevant effects were observed against the parasitic protozoans Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania amazonensis (ranging 0.6 to 39.7 µg/mL) and malignant MCF-7, MCF-7/HT, 22Rv1, and A431 cell lines (ranging 6.1 to 31.5 µg/mL). In parallel, EO-Bp showed better selective indexes in comparison with EO-Lo against peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice and MRC-5 cell line. In conclusion, EO-Lo is known to show a wide range of health benefits that could be added as another potential use of this oil with the current study. In the case of EO-Bp, the wide spectrum of its activities against protozoal parasites and malignant cells, as well as its selectivity in comparison with non-malignant cells, could suggest an interesting candidate for further tests as a new therapeutic alternative.
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7
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The Current Directions of Searching for Antiparasitic Drugs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051534. [PMID: 35268635 PMCID: PMC8912034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are still a huge problem for mankind. They are becoming the main cause of chronic diseases in the world. Migration of the population, pollution of the natural environment, and climate changes cause the rapid spread of diseases. Additionally, a growing resistance of parasites to drugs is observed. Many research groups are looking for effective antiparasitic drugs with low side effects. In this work, we present the current trends in the search for antiparasitic drugs. We report known drugs used in other disease entities with proven antiparasitic activity and research on new chemical structures that may be potential drugs in parasitic diseases. The described investigations of antiparasitic compounds can be helpful for further drug development.
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Clark AM, Magawa C, Pliego-Zamora A, Low P, Reynolds M, Ralph SJ. Tea tree oil extract causes mitochondrial superoxide production and apoptosis as an anticancer agent, promoting tumor infiltrating neutrophils cytotoxic for breast cancer to induce tumor regression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111790. [PMID: 34119930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor activity of the tea tree oil (TTO) derived product, Melaleuca Alternifolia Concentrate (MAC) was characterized mechanistically at the molecular and cellular level. MAC was analyzed for its anticancer activity against human prostate (LNCaP) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines growing in vitro. MAC (0.02-0.06% v/v) dose-dependently induced the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway in both the LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines, involving increased mitochondrial superoxide production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase 3/7 activation, as well as the presence of TUNEL+ and cleaved-PARP+ cell populations. At concentrations of 0.01-0.04% v/v, MAC caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/1-phase, as well as autophagy. The in vivo anticancer actions of MAC were examined as a treatment in the FVB/N c-Neu murine model for spontaneously arising breast cancers. Intratumoral MAC injections (1-4% v/v) significantly suppressed tumor progression in a dose-dependent manner and was associated with greater levels of tumor infiltrating neutrophils exhibiting anticancer cytotoxic activity. Induction of breast cancer cell death by MAC via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was also replicated occurring in tumors treated in vivo. In conclusion, our data highlights the potential for the Melaleuca-derived MAC product inducing anticancer neutrophil influx, supporting its application as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Clark
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Chandi Magawa
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Adriana Pliego-Zamora
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Pauline Low
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Max Reynolds
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; Australian Botanical Bioscience Pty. Ltd., Australia
| | - Stephen J Ralph
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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Ghanbariasad A, Valizadeh A, Ghadimi SN, Fereidouni Z, Osanloo M. Nanoformulating Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil with an extreme effect on Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Porter GC, Safii SH, Medlicott NJ, Duncan WJ, Tompkins GR, Coates DE. Formulation of a Semisolid Emulsion Containing Leptospermum scoparium Essential Oil and Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Efficacy. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:253-266. [PMID: 33434939 DOI: 10.1055/a-1330-8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manuka oil, an essential oil derived from the Leptospermum scoparium, has been traditionally used for wound care and as a topical antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory. However, the essential oil is not well retained at mucosal sites, such as the oral cavity, where the benefits of the aforementioned properties could be utilized toward the treatment of persistent biofilms. Within this study, L. scoparium essential oil was incorporated into a semisolid emulsion for improved delivery. The safety profile of L. scoparium essential oil on human gingival fibroblasts was determined via cell viability, cytotoxicity, and caspase activation. The minimal bactericidal concentration of L. scoparium essential oil was determined, and the emulsion's antibiofilm effects visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. L. scoparium essential oil demonstrated a lower IC50 (0.02% at 48 h) when compared to the clinical control chlorhexidine (0.002% at 48 h) and displayed lower cumulative cytotoxicity. Higher concentrations of L. scoparium essential oil (≥ 0.1%) at 6 h resulted in higher caspase 3/7 activation, suggesting an apoptotic pathway of cell death. A minimal bactericidal concentration of 0.1% w/w was observed for 6 oral bacteria and 0.01% w/v for Porphyromonas gingivalis. Textural and rheometric analysis indicated increased stability of emulsion with a 1 : 3 ratio of L. scoparium essential oil: Oryza sativa carrier oil. The optimized 5% w/w L. scoparium essential oil emulsion showed increased bactericidal penetrative effects on Streptococci gordonii biofilms compared to oil alone and to chlorhexidine controls. This study has demonstrated the safety, formulation, and antimicrobial activity of L. scoparium essential oil emulsion for potential antibacterial applications at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Porter
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Syarida H Safii
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | | | - Warwick J Duncan
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey R Tompkins
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dawn E Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Maaroufi Z, Cojean S, Loiseau PM, Yahyaoui M, Agnely F, Abderraba M, Mekhloufi G. In vitro antileishmanial potentialities of essential oils from Citrus limon and Pistacia lentiscus harvested in Tunisia. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1455-1469. [PMID: 33426571 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical parasitic disease that affects up to 12 million people worldwide. Current chemotherapies have limitations such as toxicity, high cost, and parasite resistance. This work aims to select an essential oil (EssOil) isolated from the Tunisian flora as a new antileishmanial candidate. Two plants were chosen for their antileishmanial potential: Citrus limon (Citrus) and Pistacia lentiscus (Pistacia). Each of these plants was harvested from two different sites (area 1 and area 2). Extracted EssOils were characterized using GC-MS. Their antiparasitic activity against axenic and intracellular Leishmania major amastigotes and their cytotoxicity were assessed. Citrus EssOil from area 1 displayed an interesting activity against L. major intramacrophage amastigotes with IC50 value at 4.2 ± 1.3 μg/mL. Interestingly, this activity was close to that of miltefosine. Moderate activities against intracellular amastigote were observed for Pistacia EssOil from area 1 and Citrus EssOil from area 2. However, low cytotoxicity with high selectivity index was proved only for Citrus EssOil from area 1, revealing its safety for macrophages. This study also demonstrated for the first time the antileishmanial activity of EssOil extracted from Citrus limon leaves. The EssOil interesting activity could be related to the lipophilic properties of terpenes that were shown in literature to contribute to the disruption of parasite intracellular metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Maaroufi
- CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et applications, Institut préparatoire des études scientifiques et techniques (IPEST), Univ. de Carthage, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Sandrine Cojean
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Marwa Yahyaoui
- Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et applications, Institut préparatoire des études scientifiques et techniques (IPEST), Univ. de Carthage, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Florence Agnely
- CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Manef Abderraba
- Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et applications, Institut préparatoire des études scientifiques et techniques (IPEST), Univ. de Carthage, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Ghozlene Mekhloufi
- CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Monzote L, Scherbakov AM, Scull R, Satyal P, Cos P, Shchekotikhin AE, Gille L, Setzer WN. Essential Oil from Melaleuca leucadendra: Antimicrobial, Antikinetoplastid, Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Assessment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5514. [PMID: 33255562 PMCID: PMC7728144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are known for their use in cosmetics, food industries, and traditional medicine. This study presents the chemical composition and therapeutic properties against kinetoplastid and eukaryotic cells of the EO from Melaleucaleucadendra (L.) L. (Myrtaceae). Forty-five compounds were identified in the oil by GC-MS, containing a major component the 1,8-cineole (61%). The EO inhibits the growth of Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma brucei at IC50 values <10 μg/mL. However, 1,8 cineole was not the main compound responsible for the activity. Against malignant (22Rv1, MCF-7, EFO-21, including resistant sublines MCF-7/Rap and MCF-7/4OHTAMO) and non-malignant (MCF-10A, J774A.1 and peritoneal macrophage) cells, IC50 values from 55 to 98 μg/mL and from 94 to 144 μg/mL were obtained, respectively. However, no activity was observed on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Candida parapsilosis, Microsporum canis, or Trypanosoma cruzi. The EO was able to control the lesion size and parasite burden in the model of cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice caused by L. amazonensis compared to untreated animals (p < 0.05) and similar with those treated with Glucantime® (p > 0.05). This work constitutes the first evidence of antiproliferative potentialities of EO from M. leucadendra growing in Cuba and could promote further preclinical investigations to confirm the medical value of this plant, in particular for leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow 115522, Russia;
| | - Ramón Scull
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, La Coronela, La Lisa, 13600 Havana, Cuba;
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA;
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformations of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119021, Russia;
| | - Lars Gille
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Zarenezhad E, Agholi M, Ghanbariasad A, Ranjbar A, Osanloo M. A nanoemulsion-based nanogel of Citrus limon essential oil with leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major. J Parasit Dis 2020; 45:441-448. [PMID: 34295043 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the diseases that severely affects human skin. Nanogels are the well-known formulation for topical drug delivery due to easy usage, high loading capacity, and physical and chemical stabilities. In this study, the toxicity effect of three essential oils, including Mentha piperita, Anethum graveolens, and Citrus limon (CLEO), was evaluated against Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. Ingredients of CLEO as the most potent essential oil were identified using GC-MS analysis. The five major components were limonene (61.83%), sabinene (16.99%), trans-limonene oxide (3.08%), cis-limonene oxide (2.27%), and 1,2-cyclohexane diol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) (1.50%). The nanogel of CLEO (CLNgel) was prepared by the addition of carbomer 940 (1% w/v) to the prepared nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 146 ± 12 nm. The viscosity of CLNgel was fitted with a regression of non-Newtonian materials, Carreau-Yasuda. Interestingly, CLNgel at a concentration of 80 µg/mL reduced the viability of both species to 0%. Therefore, the prepared prototype can/could/would be used as an excellent nanoformulation for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zarenezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Agholi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Ranjbar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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14
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Lam NS, Long X, Su XZ, Lu F. Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its monoterpene constituents in treating protozoan and helminthic infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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15
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Johansen B, Duval RE, Sergere JC. Antimicrobial Spectrum of Titroleane™: A New Potent Anti-Infective Agent. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E391. [PMID: 32650521 PMCID: PMC7400619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea Tree oil (TTO) is well known for its numerous good properties but might be also irritating or toxic when used topically or ingested, thus limiting the number of possible applications in Humans. The aim of the study was to characterize the antimicrobial spectrum as well as the toxicity of Titroleane™, a new anti-infective agent obtained from TTO but cleared of its toxic monoterpenes part. The susceptibility to Titroleane™ of various pathogens (bacteria and fungi) encountered in animal and human health was studied in comparison with that of TTO. Antimicrobial screening was carried out using the broth microdilution method. Activities against aerobic, anaerobic, fastidious and non-fastidious microorganisms were performed. For all microorganisms tested, the MIC values for Titroleane™ ranged from 0.08% to 2.5%, except for Campylobacter jejuni, and Aspergillus niger. In particular, Titroleane™ showed good efficacy against skin and soft tissue infection pathogens, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), intra-abdominal infections and oral pathogens, as well as fish farming pathogens. Toxicity testing showed little and similar cytotoxicities between TTO and Titroleane™ of 37% and 23%, respectively at a concentration of 0.025% (v/v). Finally, we demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of Titroleane™ is similar to that of TTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Johansen
- SETUBIO SA, Bioparc Vichy, F-03270 Hauterive, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
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16
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Antiprotozoal Activity of Turkish Origanum onites Essential Oil and Its Components. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234421. [PMID: 31817023 PMCID: PMC6930659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oil of Origanum species is well known for antimicrobial activity, but only a few have been evaluated in narrow spectrum antiprotozoal assays. Herein, we assessed the antiprotozoal potential of Turkish Origanum onites L. oil and its major constituents against a panel of parasitic protozoa. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried herbal parts of O. onites and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro activity of the oil and its major components were evaluated against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. The main component of the oil was identified as carvacrol (70.6%), followed by linalool (9.7%), p-cymene (7%), γ-terpinene (2.1%), and thymol (1.8%). The oil showed significant in vitro activity against T. b. rhodesiense (IC50 180 ng/mL), and moderate antileishmanial and antiplasmodial effects, without toxicity to mammalian cells. Carvacrol, thymol, and 10 additional abundant oil constituents were tested against the same panel; carvacrol and thymol retained the oil’s in vitro antiparasitic potency. In the T. b. brucei mouse model, thymol, but not carvacrol, extended the mean survival of animals. This study indicates the potential of the essential oil of O. onites and its constituents in the treatment of protozoal infections.
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Verdaguer IB, Zafra CA, Crispim M, Sussmann RA, Kimura EA, Katzin AM. Prenylquinones in Human Parasitic Protozoa: Biosynthesis, Physiological Functions, and Potential as Chemotherapeutic Targets. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203721. [PMID: 31623105 PMCID: PMC6832408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parasitic protozoa cause a large number of diseases worldwide and, for some of these diseases, there are no effective treatments to date, and drug resistance has been observed. For these reasons, the discovery of new etiological treatments is necessary. In this sense, parasitic metabolic pathways that are absent in vertebrate hosts would be interesting research candidates for the identification of new drug targets. Most likely due to the protozoa variability, uncertain phylogenetic origin, endosymbiotic events, and evolutionary pressure for adaptation to adverse environments, a surprising variety of prenylquinones can be found within these organisms. These compounds are involved in essential metabolic reactions in organisms, for example, prevention of lipoperoxidation, participation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain or as enzymatic cofactors. This review will describe several prenylquinones that have been previously characterized in human pathogenic protozoa. Among all existing prenylquinones, this review is focused on ubiquinone, menaquinone, tocopherols, chlorobiumquinone, and thermoplasmaquinone. This review will also discuss the biosynthesis of prenylquinones, starting from the isoprenic side chains to the aromatic head group precursors. The isoprenic side chain biosynthesis maybe come from mevalonate or non-mevalonate pathways as well as leucine dependent pathways for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Finally, the isoprenic chains elongation and prenylquinone aromatic precursors origins from amino acid degradation or the shikimate pathway is reviewed. The phylogenetic distribution and what is known about the biological functions of these compounds among species will be described, as will the therapeutic strategies associated with prenylquinone metabolism in protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi B. Verdaguer
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (I.B.V.); (C.A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Camila A. Zafra
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (I.B.V.); (C.A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Marcell Crispim
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (I.B.V.); (C.A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Rodrigo A.C. Sussmann
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (I.B.V.); (C.A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.A.K.)
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Porto Seguro 45810-000 Bahia, Brazil
| | - Emília A. Kimura
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (I.B.V.); (C.A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Alejandro M. Katzin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil; (I.B.V.); (C.A.Z.); (M.C.); (E.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7330; Fax: +5511-3091-7417
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18
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In-Vitro Evaluation of 52 Commercially-Available Essential Oils Against Leishmania amazonensis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071248. [PMID: 30934998 PMCID: PMC6480327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by members of the Leishmania genus of parasitic protozoa that cause different clinical manifestations of the disease. Current treatment options for the cutaneous disease are limited due to severe side effects, poor efficacy, limited availability or accessibility, and developing resistance. Essential oils may provide low cost and readily available treatment options for leishmaniasis. In-vitro screening of a collection of 52 commercially available essential oils has been carried out against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. In addition, cytotoxicity has been determined for the essential oils against mouse peritoneal macrophages in order to determine selectivity. Promising essential oils were further screened against intracellular L. amazonensis amastigotes. Three essential oils showed notable antileishmanial activities: frankincense (Boswellia spp.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), and wintergreen (Gualtheria fragrantissima Wall.) with IC50 values against the amastigotes of 22.1 ± 4.2, 19.1 ± 0.7, and 22.2 ± 3.5 μg/mL and a selectivity of 2, 7, and 6, respectively. These essential oils could be explored as topical treatment options for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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19
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Ngahang Kamte SL, Ranjbarian F, Cianfaglione K, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Bruno M, Afshar FH, Iannarelli R, Benelli G, Cappellacci L, Hofer A, Maggi F, Petrelli R. Identification of highly effective antitrypanosomal compounds in essential oils from the Apiaceae family. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:154-165. [PMID: 29549739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Apiaceae family encompasses aromatic plants of economic importance employed in foodstuffs, beverages, perfumery, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Apiaceae are rich sources of essential oils because of the wealth of secretory structures (ducts and vittae) they are endowed with. The Apiaceae essential oils are available on an industrial level because of the wide cultivation and disposability of the bulky material from which they are extracted as well as their relatively cheap price. In the fight against protozoal infections, essential oils may represent new therapeutic options. In the present work, we focused on a panel of nine Apiaceae species (Siler montanum, Sison amomum, Echinophora spinosa, Kundmannia sicula, Crithmum maritimum, Helosciadium nodiflorum, Pimpinella anisum, Heracleum sphondylium and Trachyspermum ammi) and their essential oils as a model for the identification of trypanocidal compounds to be used as alternative/integrative therapies in the treatment of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and as starting material for drug design. The evaluation of inhibitory effects of the Apiaceae essential oils against Trypanosoma brucei showed that some of them (E. spinosa, S. amomum, C. maritimum and H. nodiflorum) were active, with EC50 in the range 2.7-10.7 μg/mL. Most of these oils were selective against T. brucei, except the one from C. maritimum that was highly selective against the BALB/3T3 mammalian cells. Testing nine characteristic individual components (α-pinene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, p-cymene, limonene, β-ocimene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, and myristicin) of these oils, we showed that some of them had much higher selectivity than the oils themselves. Terpinolene was particularly active with an EC50 value of 0.035 μg/mL (0.26 µM) and a selectivity index (SI) of 180. Four other compounds with EC50 in the range 1.0-6.0 μg/mL (7.4-44 µM) had also good SI: α-pinene (>100), β-ocimene (>91), limonene (>18) and sabinene (>17). In conclusion, these results highlight that the essential oils from the Apiaceae family are a reservoir of substances to be used as leading compounds for the development of natural drugs for the treatment of HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahnaz Ranjbarian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kevin Cianfaglione
- EA 2219 Géoarchitecture, UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fariba Heshmati Afshar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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Costa S, Cavadas C, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, do Céu Sousa M. In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to selected essential oils and their major components. Exp Parasitol 2018; 190:34-40. [PMID: 29778466 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Aiming for discovering effective and harmless antitrypanosomal agents, 17 essential oils and nine major components were screened for their effects on T. b. brucei. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh plant material and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The trypanocidal activity was assessed using blood stream trypomastigotes cultures of T. b. brucei and the colorimetric resazurin method. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxicity of essential oils on macrophage cells and Selectivity Indexes were calculated. Of the 17 essential oils screened three showed high trypanocidal activity (IC50 < 10 μg/mL): Juniperus oxycedrus (IC50 of 0.9 μg/mL), Cymbopogon citratus (IC50 of 3.2 μg/mL) and Lavandula luisieri (IC50 of 5.7 μg/mL). These oils had no cytotoxic effects on macrophage cells showing the highest values of Selectivity Index (63.4, 9.0 and 11.8, respectively). The oils of Distichoselinum tenuifolium, Lavandula viridis, Origanum virens, Seseli tortuosom, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymbra capitata also exhibited activity (IC50 of 10-25 μg/mL) but showed cytotoxicity on macrophages. Of the nine compounds tested, α-pinene (IC50 of 2.9 μg/mL) and citral (IC50 of 18.9 μg/mL) exhibited the highest anti-trypanosomal activities. Citral is likely the active component of C. citratus and α-pinene is responsible for the antitrypanosomal effects of J. oxycedrus. The present work leads us to propose the J. oxycedrus, C. citratus and L. luisieri oils as valuable sources of new molecules for African Sleeping Sickness treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Costa
- Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Uritu CM, Mihai CT, Stanciu GD, Dodi G, Alexa-Stratulat T, Luca A, Leon-Constantin MM, Stefanescu R, Bild V, Melnic S, Tamba BI. Medicinal Plants of the Family Lamiaceae in Pain Therapy: A Review. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:7801543. [PMID: 29854039 PMCID: PMC5964621 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7801543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. The medicinal use of plants as analgesic or antinociceptive drugs in traditional therapy is estimated to be about 80% of the world population. The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbal families, incorporates a wide variety of plants with biological and medical applications. In this study, the analgesic activity, possible active compounds of Lamiaceae genus, and also the possible mechanism of actions of these plants are presented. The data highlighted in this review paper provide valuable scientific information for the specific implications of Lamiaceae plants in pain modulation that might be used for isolation of potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in future and formulation of commercial therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Uritu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cosmin T. Mihai
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Gianina Dodi
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Andrei Luca
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Raluca Stefanescu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Bild
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Melnic
- Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MD-2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Bogdan I. Tamba
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Hamdi A, Bero J, Beaufay C, Flamini G, Marzouk Z, Vander Heyden Y, Quetin-Leclercq J. In vitro antileishmanial and cytotoxicity activities of essential oils from Haplophyllum tuberculatum A. Juss leaves, stems and aerial parts. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:60. [PMID: 29444667 PMCID: PMC5813356 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants used for traditional medicine produce diverse and complex secondary metabolites exhibiting various medicinal properties. The medicinal plant Haplophyllum tuberculatum is used by native people against malaria and parasitic infections. METHODS In this study and in order to contribute for the search of new natural drugs for leishmaniasis, the essential oils of H. tuberculatum leaves, stems and aerial parts (leaves+stems) collected in two different periods, 2013 and 2015, and their components by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses were investigated. Those collected in 2013 were also re-analyzed two years later. The extracted oils were screened in vitro for anti-leishmanial activity on Leishmania mexicana mexicana (L.m.m.) promastigotes and cytotoxicity on the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line. Limonene (1.5 - 8%), its isomers (R- (+)-limonene and S-(-)-limonene), linalool and octanol were also tested. RESULTS Results showed that the chemical composition varied according to the year of collection. Though major compounds remain almost the same, qualitative and quantitative variations in the composition of the EOs can be observed between the two years of collection, with some minor compounds identified only in one type of samples. Variation in the composition were also observed in the re-analyzed volatile oils, showing stability concerns. The essential oils and R-(+)-limonene showed moderate anti-leishmanial activity. Their IC50 range from 6.48 to 50.28 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity assays for theses volatile extracts, R- (+)-limonene and S- (-)-limonene on CHO cells showed relatively potent cytotoxicity with a selectivity index <10. Their CC50 range from 27.79 to 82.56 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study demonstrated that H. tuberculatum might not be considered as a natural source for production of new anti-leishmanial agents without further analyzing its eventual in vivo toxicity as well as that of major pure compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Hamdi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Développement Chimique Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments. Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Joanne Bero
- Pharmacognosy Research Group (GNOS), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.72.03 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Claire Beaufay
- Pharmacognosy Research Group (GNOS), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.72.03 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sede Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Zohra Marzouk
- Laboratoire de Développement Chimique Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments. Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joelle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group (GNOS), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.72.03 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Thein vitroantileishmanial activity of essential oil fromAloysia gratissimaand guaiol, its major sesquiterpene againstLeishmania amazonensis. Parasitology 2018; 145:1219-1227. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLeishmaniases is a tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genusLeishmaniafor which the current treatment is expensive, besides increasing reports of parasite resistance. This study investigated the anti-Leishmania amazonensisactivity of the essential oil fromAloysia gratissima(AgEO) and guaiol, the major sesquiterpene constituent in the oil. Our results showed that AgEO killed promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes at an IC50of 25 and 0·16µg mL−1, respectively, while guaiol killed amastigotes at an IC50of 0·01µg mL−1. Both AgEO and guaiol were safe for macrophages up to 100µg mL−1, as evaluated by the dehydrogenase activity, membrane integrity and phagocytic capacity. AgEO and guaiol did not induce nitrite oxide (NO) in resting macrophages and inhibited the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The ultrastructural analysis suggested that AgEO and guaiol act directly on parasites, affecting promastigotes kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix and plasma membrane. Together, these results pointed out that AgEO and guaiol could be promising candidates to develop anti-Leishmaniadrugs.
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Anti- Acanthamoeba activity of Tunisian Thymus capitatus essential oil and organic extracts. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:231-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Essential oils of Varronia curassavica accessions have different activity against white spot disease in freshwater fish. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:97-105. [PMID: 29119307 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of essential oils from Varronia curassavica accessions against different stages of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Essential oils from each accession were tested in vitro at the concentrations 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 mg/L. The VCUR-001, VCUR-202, VCUR-509, and VCUR-601 accessions presented the major compounds α-pinene, germacrene D-4-ol, (E)-caryophyllene and epiglobulol, and sabinene, respectively. These isolated compounds were tested in vitro at a concentration proportional to that found in the essential oil which caused 100% mortality of the parasite. The concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L of the essential oil of accession VCUR-202 provided 100% mortality of trophonts and tomonts, respectively. For the accession VCUR-509, 100% mortality of trophonts and tomonts was observed at concentrations 75 and 200 mg/L of essential oil, respectively. The same mortality was observed at concentration 200 mg/L in both stages of the parasite for the other accessions. The major compounds α-pinene, sabinene, and the (E)-caryophyllene + epiglobulol mixture caused 100% mortality of trophonts and tomonts. The in vivo assay for white spot disease control was performed in a therapeutic bath of 1 h with the essential oil of accession VCUR-202 at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L. A significant reduction of about 30% of trophonts on infected fish was observed, independent of the oil concentration. The V. curassavica essential oil, especially the VCUR-202 accession, is a potential source of raw material for the formulation and commercialization of bioproducts to control freshwater white spot disease in fish.
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Kamte SLN, Ranjbarian F, Campagnaro GD, Nya PCB, Mbuntcha H, Woguem V, Womeni HM, Ta LA, Giordani C, Barboni L, Benelli G, Cappellacci L, Hofer A, Petrelli R, Maggi F. Trypanosoma brucei Inhibition by Essential Oils from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Traditionally Used in Cameroon (Azadirachta indica, Aframomum melegueta, Aframomum daniellii, Clausena anisata, Dichrostachys cinerea and Echinops giganteus). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070737. [PMID: 28684709 PMCID: PMC5551175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile components produced by the plant secondary metabolism and consist mainly of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and, to a minor extent, of aromatic and aliphatic compounds. They are exploited in several fields such as perfumery, food, pharmaceutics, and cosmetics. Essential oils have long-standing uses in the treatment of infectious diseases and parasitosis in humans and animals. In this regard, their therapeutic potential against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has not been fully explored. In the present work, we have selected six medicinal and aromatic plants (Azadirachta indica, Aframomum melegueta, Aframomum daniellii, Clausena anisata, Dichrostachys cinerea, and Echinops giganteus) traditionally used in Cameroon to treat several disorders, including infections and parasitic diseases, and evaluated the activity of their essential oils against Trypanosma brucei TC221. Their selectivity was also determined with Balb/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line) cells as a reference. The results showed that the essential oils from A. indica, A. daniellii, and E. giganteus were the most active ones, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 15.21, 7.65, and 10.50 µg/mL, respectively. These essential oils were characterized by different chemical compounds such as sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Some of their main components were assayed as well on T. brucei TC221, and their effects were linked to those of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahnaz Ranjbarian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Gustavo Daniel Campagnaro
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Prosper C Biapa Nya
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Hélène Mbuntcha
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Verlaine Woguem
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Hilaire Macaire Womeni
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Léon Azefack Ta
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín AA 1226, Colombia.
| | - Luciano Barboni
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Anders Hofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Rehman SU, Latief R, Bhat KA, Khuroo MA, Shawl AS, Chandra S. Comparative analysis of the aroma chemicals of Melissa officinalis using hydrodistillation and HS-SPME techniques. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Petrelli R, Ranjbarian F, Dall'Acqua S, Papa F, Iannarelli R, Ngahang Kamte SL, Vittori S, Benelli G, Maggi F, Hofer A, Cappellacci L. An overlooked horticultural crop, Smyrnium olusatrum, as a potential source of compounds effective against African trypanosomiasis. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:146-151. [PMID: 28087440 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Among natural products, sesquiterpenes have shown promising inhibitory effects against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Smyrnium olusatrum (Apiaceae), also known as Alexanders or wild celery, is a neglected horticultural crop characterized by oxygenated sesquiterpenes containing a furan ring. In the present work we explored the potential of its essential oils obtained from different organs and the main oxygenated sesquiterpenes, namely isofuranodiene, germacrone and β-acetoxyfuranoeudesm-4(15)-ene, as inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei. All essential oils effectively inhibited the growth of parasite showing IC50 values of 1.9-4.0μg/ml. Among the main essential oil constituents, isofuranodiene exhibited a significant and selective inhibitory activity against T. brucei (IC50 of 0.6μg/ml, SI=30), with β-acetoxyfuranoeudesm-4(15)-ene giving a moderate potentiating effect. These results shed light on the possible application of isofuranodiene as an antiprotozoal agent to be included in combination treatments aimed not only at curing patients but also at preventing the diffusion of HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahnaz Ranjbarian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Papa
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Anders Hofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Andrade MA, Azevedo CDS, Motta FN, Santos MLD, Silva CL, Santana JMD, Bastos IMD. Essential oils: in vitro activity against Leishmania amazonensis, cytotoxicity and chemical composition. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:444. [PMID: 27825341 PMCID: PMC5101707 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current chemotherapy for cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) has a series of drug limitations such as toxic side effects, long duration, high costs and drug resistance, which requires the development of new drugs or effective alternatives to the CL treatment. Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of secondary metabolites from various plants. It has been shown that several EOs, or their constituents, have inhibitory activity against protozoa. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the biological activity of different essential oils (EOs) on Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes forms, as well as their cytotoxicity on mammalian cells and chemical composition. METHODS Sixteen EOs were evaluated by mean of IC50/24 h and cytotoxicity against L6 cells (CC50/24 h) using Resazurin assay. Only those EOs that presented better results for IC50/24 h were submitted to GC-MS analysis to determine their chemical constitution. RESULTS The EO from Cinnamodendron dinisii, Matricaria chamomilla, Myroxylon peruiferum, Salvia sclarea, Bulnesia sarmientoi, Ferula galbaniflua, Siparuna guianensis and Melissa officinalis were the most active against L. amazonensis with IC50/24 h ranging from 54.05 to 162.25 μg/mL. Analysis of EOs by GC-MS showed mainly the presence of β-farnesene (52.73 %) and bisabolol oxide (12.09 %) for M. chamomilla; α-copaene (13.41 %), safrole (8.35 %) and δ-cadinene (7.08 %) for M. peruiferum; linalool (28.80 %) and linalyl acetate (60.08 %) for S. sclarea; guaiol (48.29 %) and 2-undecanone (19.49 %) for B. sarmientoi; ethyl phthalate (13.09 %) and methyl-8-pimaren-18-oate (41.82 %) for F. galbaniflua; and neral (37.18 %) and citral (5.02 %) for M. officinalis. CONCLUSION The EO from F. galbaniflua showed to be effective against L. amazonensis promastigotes forms and presented low cytotoxic activity against L6 cells. Thus, it represents a strong candidate for future studies aiming its molecular activity on these pathogenic parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Aparecida Andrade
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
- Faculty of Ceilândia, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Clênia Dos Santos Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nader Motta
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
- Faculty of Ceilândia, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Lasse Silva
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Izabela M D Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil.
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Grando TH, Baldissera MD, Gressler LT, de Sá MF, Bortoluzzi BN, Schafer AS, Ebling RC, Raffin RP, Santos RC, Stefani LM, Vaucher R, Leal ML, Monteiro SG. Melaleuca alternifolia anthelmintic activity in gerbils experimentally infected by Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2016; 170:177-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Valladão GMR, Gallani SU, Ikefuti CV, da Cruz C, Levy-Pereira N, Rodrigues MVN, Pilarski F. Essential oils to control ichthyophthiriasis in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg): special emphasis on treatment with Melaleuca alternifolia. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1143-1152. [PMID: 26776242 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro effect of the Melaleuca alternifolia, Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha piperita essential oils (EOs) against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and in vivo effect of M. alternifolia for treating ichthyophthiriasis in one of the most important South American fish, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg), were evaluated. The in vitro test consisted of three EOs, each at concentrations of 57 μL L(-1) , 114 μL L (-1) , 227 μL L(-1) and 455 μL L (-1) , which were assessed once an hour for 4 h in microtitre plates (96 wells). The in vitro results demonstrated that all tested EOs showed a cytotoxic effect against I. multifiliis compared to control groups (P < 0.05). The in vivo treatment for white spot disease was performed in a bath for 2 h day(-1) for 5 days using the M. alternifolia EO (50 μL L (-1) ). In this study, 53.33% of the fish severely infected by I. multifiliis survived after the treatment with M. alternifolia (50 μL L (-1) ) and the parasitological analysis has shown an efficacy of nearly 100% in the skin and gills, while all the fish in the control group died. Furthermore, the potential positive effect of M. alternifolia EO against two emergent opportunistic bacteria in South America Edwardsiella tarda and Citrobacter freundii was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M R Valladão
- Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S U Gallani
- Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C V Ikefuti
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research of Weed (NEPEAM), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C da Cruz
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research of Weed (NEPEAM), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Levy-Pereira
- Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M V N Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Pilarski
- Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sajjadi SE, Eskandarian AA, Shokoohinia Y, Yousefi HA, Mansourian M, Asgarian-Nasab H, Mohseni N. Antileishmanial activity of prenylated coumarins isolated from Ferulago angulata and Prangos asperula. Res Pharm Sci 2016; 11:324-31. [PMID: 27651813 PMCID: PMC5022381 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.189314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis has a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms due to infection to numbers of Leishmania species and makes enormous mortality and morbidity. There are clues of antileishmanial effects of prenylated coumarins. Apiaceae family is one of the most important sources of coumarins. Air-dried aerial parts of Ferulago angulata and fruits of Prangos asperula were extracted with n-hexane, using a soxhlet apparatus. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. Column chromatography and crystallization process resulted to isolation of three prenylated coumarins. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, electron ionization Mass and Infrared spectra were used for elucidation of isolated compounds. Leishmanicidal activity of isolated coumarins was assessed on Leishmania major strain (MRHO/IR/75/ER) for the first time. Suberosin epoxide and suberosin were isolated from aerial parts of F. angulata and osthol was extracted from grounded fruits of P. asperula. Osthol showed a significant antileishmanial effect on promastigotes in early hours of exposure with IC50 of 14.40 µg/mL but suberosin epoxide showed only a weak antileishmanial activity. IC50 of osthol and suberosin epoxide after 48 h were 10.79 and 54.0 µg/mL, respectively. Suberosin showed no remarkable effect in these concentrations. This is the first report on the pharmacological activity of suberosin epoxide. Substantial difference between efficacies of two isomers, osthol and suberosin remarks the importance of prenyl substituent location on C-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ebrahim Sajjadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Abbas-Ali Eskandarian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Hosein-Ali Yousefi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hasan Asgarian-Nasab
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Negar Mohseni
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Cunha F, Tintino SR, Figueredo F, Barros L, Duarte AE, Vega Gomez MC, Coronel CC, Rolón M, Leite N, Sobral-Souza CE, Brito SV, Waczuc EP, Boligon AA, Athayde M, Kamdem JP, Coutinho HDM, Franco J. HPLC-DAD phenolic profile, cytotoxic and anti-kinetoplastidae activity of Melissa officinalis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1664-1670. [PMID: 26864563 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Melissa officinalis subsp. inodora Bornm. (Lamiaceae) has been used since ancient times in folk medicine against various diseases, but it has not been investigated against protozoa. Objective To evaluate the activities of M. officinalis against Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi as well as its cytotoxicity in fibroblast cell line. Materials and methods The fresh leaves were chopped into 1 cm(2) pieces, washed and macerated with 99.9% of ethanol for 72 h at room temperature. Antiparasitic activity of M. officinalis was accessed by direct counting of cells after serial dilution, while the cytotoxicity of M. officinalis was evaluated in fibroblast cell line (NCTC929) by measuring the reduction of resazurin. The test duration was 24 h. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to characterise the extract. Results The extract at concentrations of 250 and 125 μg/mL inhibited 80.39 and 54.27% of promastigote (LC50 value = 105.78 μg/mL) form of L. infantum, 80.59 and 68.61% of L. brasiliensis (LC50 value = 110.69 μg/mL) and against epimastigote (LC50 value = 245.23 μg/mL) forms of T. cruzi with an inhibition of 54.45 and 22.26%, respectively, was observed. The maximum toxicity was noted at 500 μg/mL with 95.41% (LC50 value = 141.01 μg/mL). The HPLC analysis identified caffeic acid and rutin as the major compounds. Discussion The inhibition of the parasites is considered clinically relevant (< 500 μg/mL). Rutin and caffeic acids may be responsible for the antiprotozoal effect of the extract. Conclusion The ethanol extract of M. officinalis can be considered a potential alternative source of natural products with antileishmania and antitrypanosoma activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cunha
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
- b Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria - UFSM , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Saulo R Tintino
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - Fernando Figueredo
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - Luiz Barros
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
- b Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria - UFSM , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Antonia E Duarte
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
- b Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria - UFSM , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Maria Celeste Vega Gomez
- c Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill , Asunción , Paraguay
| | - Cathia Cecilia Coronel
- c Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill , Asunción , Paraguay
| | - Mírian Rolón
- c Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill , Asunción , Paraguay
| | - Nadghia Leite
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - Celestina E Sobral-Souza
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - S V Brito
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - Emily Pansera Waczuc
- e Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Bioquímica Toxicológica , Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 , Brazil
| | | | | | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- e Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular, Bioquímica Toxicológica , Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 , Brazil
- f Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS CEP 90035-003 , Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- a Departamento De Química Biológica , Laboratório De Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional Do Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - Jéferson Franco
- b Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria - UFSM , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
- d Universidade Federal Dos Pampas , São Gabriel , RS , Brazil
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Trypanocidal action of Lippia alba and Lippia origanoides essential oils against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro and in vivo used mice as experimental model. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:345-351. [PMID: 28615837 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have an enormous health and economic impact and are a particular problem in tropical regions of the world. Disease caused by protozoa, such as trypanosomiasis, are the cause of most parasite related morbidity and mortality. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the trypanocidal effectiveness of Lippia alba and Lippia origanoides against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro and in vivo. L. alba and L. origanoides were used in vitro on trypomastigotes at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 %) and exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6 and 9 h). The three concentrations tested showed trypanocidal activity in vitro, completely eliminating the parasites in small concentration after 6 h of assay. In vivo tests were performed using mice as the experimental model. T. evansi infected mice were treated with L. alba and L. origanoides with dose of 1.5 mL kg-1 during 5 days. These protocols did not provide curative efficacy, however the mice treated with L. origanoides showed a significant increase in the longevity when compared to control group. Active compounds present in essential oils, such as L. origanoides, may potentiate the treatment of trypanosomosis when associated with other trypanocidal drugs.
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Eraky MA, El-Fakahany AF, El-Sayed NM, Abou-Ouf EAR, Yaseen DI. Effects of Thymus vulgaris ethanolic extract on chronic toxoplasmosis in a mouse model. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2863-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Clinical evaluation of an antiinflammatory and antioxidant diet effect in 30 dogs affected by chronic otitis externa: preliminary results. Vet Res Commun 2016; 40:29-38. [PMID: 26743397 PMCID: PMC4754334 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-015-9651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this evaluation study was to assess the possible role of a specific nutraceutical diet in relieving main clinical symptoms of chronic bilateral otitis externa (occlusion of ear canal, erythema, discharge quantity, and odor) in 30 adult dogs. Thirty dogs of different breeds (mean age ± SEM; 6.03 ± 0.15 years and mean weight ± SEM; 32.01 ± 1.17 Kg; 53.3% males, 46.6% females) with evident chronic clinical otitis symptoms were equally divided and randomly assigned to receive either the nutraceutical diet (ND group) or a standard diet (SD group) over a period of 90 days. In all cases a topical pharmacological treatment was given. The nutraceutical diet, also endowed with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, significantly decreased the mean score intensity of all symptoms after 90 days of intervention (P < 0.0001) with the exception of Malassezia pachydermatis infection which was only slightly reduced. Our investigation is one of the few evidence-based results where a commercial nutraceutical diet has been proven effective, in combination with drugs, in relieving otitis externa-related symptoms. This study opens new insights into otitis externa clinical management providing evidence of efficacy of a combined therapy with drugs and a specific nutraceutical diet.
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Attia RAH, Mahmoud AE, Farrag HMM, Makboul R, Mohamed ME, Ibraheim Z. Effect of myrrh and thyme on Trichinella spiralis enteral and parenteral phases with inducible nitric oxide expression in mice. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:1035-41. [PMID: 26676322 PMCID: PMC4708024 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a serious disease with no satisfactory treatment. We aimed to
assess the effect of myrrh (Commiphora molmol) and, for the first
time, thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) against enteral
and encysted (parenteral) phases of Trichinella spiralis in mice
compared with albendazole, and detect their effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase
(iNOS) expression. Oral administration of 500 mg/kg of myrrh and thyme led to adult
reduction (90.9%, 79.4%), while 1,000 mg/kg led to larvae reduction (79.6%, 71.3%),
respectively. Administration of 50 mg/kg of albendazole resulted in adult and larvae
reduction (94.2%, 90.9%). Positive immunostaining of inflammatory cells infiltrating
intestinal mucosa and submucosa of all treated groups was detected. Myrrh-treated
mice showed the highest iNOS expression followed by albendazole, then thyme. On the
other hand, both myrrh and thyme-treated groups showed stronger iNOS expression of
inflammatory cells infiltrating and surrounding encapsulated T.
spiralis larvae than albendazole treated group. In conclusion, myrrh and
thyme extracts are highly effective against both phases of T.
spiralis and showed strong iNOS expressions, especially myrrh which could
be a promising alternative drug. This experiment provides a basis for further
exploration of this plant by isolation and retesting the active principles of both
extracts against different stages of T. spiralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A H Attia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer E Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Rania Makboul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona Embarek Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zedan Ibraheim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Bosquiroli LS, Demarque DP, Rizk YS, Cunha MC, Marques MCS, Matos MDFC, Kadri MC, Carollo CA, Arruda CC. In vitro anti-Leishmania infantum activity of essential oil from Piper angustifolium. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Exploitation of cytotoxicity of some essential oils for translation in cancer therapy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:397821. [PMID: 25722735 PMCID: PMC4334976 DOI: 10.1155/2015/397821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are complex mixtures of several components endowed with a wide range of biological activities, including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic properties. A growing body of scientific reports has recently focused on the potential of essential oils as anticancer treatment in the attempt to overcome the development of multidrug resistance and important side effects associated with the antitumor drugs currently used. In this review we discuss the literature on the effects of essential oils in in vitro and in vivo models of cancer, focusing on the studies performed with the whole phytocomplex rather than single constituents.
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From Bench to Bedside: Natural Products and Analogs for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63460-3.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Catanzano O, Straccia M, Miro A, Ungaro F, Romano I, Mazzarella G, Santagata G, Quaglia F, Laurienzo P, Malinconico M. Spray-by-spray in situ cross-linking alginate hydrogels delivering a tea tree oil microemulsion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 66:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Monzote L, Piñón A, Setzer WN. Antileishmanial Potential of Tropical Rainforest Plant Extracts. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 1:32-55. [PMID: 28933376 PMCID: PMC5532977 DOI: 10.3390/medicines1010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 115 different plant extracts from our collection, representing 96 plant species, have been evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial activity against L. amazonensis promastigotes. In addition, the extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity against BALB/c mouse macrophages in order to assess a selectivity index. Crude extracts that showed a selectivity index (CC50 for macrophage / IC50 for promastigotes) ³ 5 or with IC50 < 12.5 μg/mL against promastigotes, a total of 28 extracts, were further screened for anti-amastigote activity. A total of 25 extracts showed promising activity against L. amazonensis promastigotes with low cytotoxic activity. Ten of these extracts showed selectivity indices, (CC50 for macrophages / IC50 for amastigotes) greater than 10 and are considered "hits", worthy candidates for further phytochemical exploration: Conostegia xalapensis methanol bark extract, Endiandra palmerstonii bark extract, Eugenia monteverdensis acetone bark extract, Eugenia sp. "fine leaf" acetone bark extract, Exothea paniculata chloroform bark extract, Mallotus paniculatus ethanol bark extract, Matelea pseudobarbata ethanol extract, Quercus insignis ethanol bark extract, Sassafras albidum dichloromethane bark extract, and Stemmadenia donnell-smithii acetone bark extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", 10400 Havana, Cuba.
| | - Abel Piñón
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", 10400 Havana, Cuba.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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de Morais SM, Vila-Nova NS, Bevilaqua CML, Rondon FC, Lobo CH, de Alencar Araripe Noronha Moura A, Sales AD, Rodrigues APR, de Figuereido JR, Campello CC, Wilson ME, de Andrade HF. Thymol and eugenol derivatives as potential antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6250-5. [PMID: 25281268 PMCID: PMC5106290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Northeastern Brazil visceral leishmaniasis is endemic with lethal cases among humans and dogs. Treatment is toxic and 5-10% of humans die despite treatment. The aim of this work was to survey natural active compounds to find new molecules with high activity and low toxicity against Leishmania infantum chagasi. The compounds thymol and eugenol were chosen to be starting compounds to synthesize acetyl and benzoyl derivatives and to test their antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo against L. i. chagasi. A screening assay using luciferase-expressing promastigotes was used to measure the growth inhibition of promastigotes, and an ELISA in situ was performed to evaluate the growth inhibition of amastigote. For the in vivo assay, thymol and eugenol derivatives were given IP to BALB/c mice at 100mg/kg/day for 30 days. The thymol derivatives demonstrated the greater activity than the eugenol derivatives, and benzoyl-thymol was the best inhibitor (8.67 ± 0.28 μg/mL). All compounds demonstrated similar activity against amastigotes, and acetyl-thymol was more active than thymol and the positive control drug amphotericin B. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of Leishmania amastigote only in the spleen but not the liver of mice treated with acetyl-thymol. Thus, these synthesized derivatives demonstrated anti-leishmanial activity both in vitro and in vivo. These may constitute useful compounds to generate new agents for treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Maia de Morais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Curso de Quimica, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Ceara, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Nadja Soares Vila-Nova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Rondon
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Lobo
- Laboratório de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull s/n, Campus do Pici, 60021-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Antônia Débora Sales
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo de Figuereido
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudio Cabral Campello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Avenida Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mary E Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa and the VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Heitor Franco de Andrade
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chemical composition, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils from Mangifera indica L. var. Rosa and Espada. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:734946. [PMID: 25136617 PMCID: PMC4124710 DOI: 10.1155/2014/734946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils from Mangifera indica var. Rosa and Espada latex were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-seven components were identified. The main compound in the essential oil from M. indica var. Espada (EOMiE) was terpinolene (73.6%). The essential oil of M. indica var. Rosa (EOMiR) was characterized by high amounts of β-pinene (40.7%) and terpinolene (28.3%). In the test for leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes forms of L. amazonensis, EOMiR and EOMiE showed IC50 (72 h) of 39.1 and 23.0 μg/mL, respectively. In macrophages, EOMiR and EOMiE showed CC50 of 142.84 and 158.65 μg/mL, respectively. However, both were more specific to the parasite than macrophages, with values of selectivity index of 6.91 for EOMiE and 3.66 for EOMiR. The essential oils were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human tumor cells HEp-2, HT-29, NCI-H292, and HL-60. The EOMiR and EOMiE were most effective against the HL-60, with IC50 values of 12.3 and 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that the essential oils of M. indica can destroy L. amazonensis and inhibit tumor cell growth. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian biodiversity as a source of potential therapeutic agents.
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Baldissera MD, Da Silva AS, Oliveira CB, Santos RC, Vaucher RA, Raffin RP, Gomes P, Dambros MG, Miletti LC, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Monteiro SG. Trypanocidal action of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro and in vivo used mice as experimental model. Exp Parasitol 2014; 141:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gómez-Rincón C, Langa E, Murillo P, Valero MS, Berzosa C, López V. Activity of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil against L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:549510. [PMID: 24967378 PMCID: PMC4055599 DOI: 10.1155/2014/549510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nematicidal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil, commonly known as tea tree oil (TTO), was assayed in vitro against L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex. The results showed a mortality of 100% for concentrations between 7 and 10 μL/mL after 48 h of incubation, obtaining an LD50 value of 4.53 μL/mL after 24 hours and 4.27 μL/mL after 48 hours. Concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was observed for tea tree essential oil showing inhibition values of 100% at 100 μL/mL. This fact suggests that TTO may act as an AChE inhibitor. Terpinen-4-ol was discarded as main larvicide compound as it did not show larvicidal or anticholinesterase activity. The data obtained suggest that the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia may have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of human anisakiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Gómez-Rincón
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus
Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovia A-23 Zaragoza, Huesca, Km
299, 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elisa Langa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus
Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovia A-23 Zaragoza, Huesca, Km
299, 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Murillo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus
Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovia A-23 Zaragoza, Huesca, Km
299, 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Sofía Valero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus
Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovia A-23 Zaragoza, Huesca, Km
299, 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - César Berzosa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus
Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovia A-23 Zaragoza, Huesca, Km
299, 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus
Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovia A-23 Zaragoza, Huesca, Km
299, 50.830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
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Baldissera MD, Da Silva AS, Oliveira CB, Vaucher RA, Santos RCV, Duarte T, Duarte MMMF, França RT, Lopes STA, Raffin RP, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Stefani LM, Monteiro SG. Effect of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) on the longevity and immune response of rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:501-6. [PMID: 24731531 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tea tree oil (TTO - Melaleuca alternifolia) on hepatic and renal functions, and the immune response of rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi. A pilot study has shown that rats treated with TTO orally (1 ml kg(-1)) had increased survival rate without curative effect. In order to verify if increased longevity was related to a better immune response against T. evansi when using tea tree oil, a second experiment was conducted. Thus, twenty-four rats were divided into four groups. The groups A and B were composed of uninfected animals, and the groups C and D had rats experimentally infected by T. evansi. Animals from the groups B and D were treated orally with TTO (1 ml kg(-1)) for three days. Blood samples were collected to verify humoral response analysis for immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgG) and cytokines (TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10) at days 0, 3, 5 and 15 post-infection (PI). TTO treatment caused changes in the immunoglobulins and cytokines profile, as well as the course of T. evansi infection in rats. It was found that the TTO was not toxic, i.e., hepatic and renal functions were not affected. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that TTO influences the levels of inflammatory mediators and has trypanocidal effect, increasing life expectancy of rats infected by T. evansi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Microbiology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Camila B Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Vaucher
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto C V Santos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Duarte
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata P Raffin
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline A Boligon
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Margareth L Athayde
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Lenita M Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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49
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Tankeu S, Vermaak I, Kamatou G, Viljoen A. Vibrational spectroscopy as a rapid quality control method for Melaleuca alternifolia cheel (tea tree oil). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:81-88. [PMID: 23934710 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tea tree oil (TTO) is an important commercial oil which has found application in the flavour, fragrance and cosmetic industries. The quality is determined by the relative concentration of its major constituents: 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, α-terpinene, terpinolene, γ-terpinene and limonene. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is traditionally used for qualitative and quantitative analyses but is expensive and time consuming. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of vibrational spectroscopy in tandem with chemometric data analysis as a fast and low-cost alternative method for the quality control of TTO. METHODS Spectral data were acquired in both the mid-infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) wavelength regions and reference data obtained using GC-MS with flame ionisation detection (FID). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the data by observing clustering and identifying outliers. Partial least squares (PLS) multivariate calibration models were constructed for the quantification of the seven major constituents. RESULTS High correlation coefficients (R(2) ) of ≥ 0.75 were obtained for the seven major compounds and 1,8-cineole showed the best correlation coefficients for both MIR and NIR data (R(2) = 0.97 and 0.95, respectively). Low values were obtained for the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values thereby confirming accuracy. CONCLUSION The accurate prediction of the external dataset after introduction into the models confirmed that both MIR and NIR spectroscopy are valuable methods for quantification of the major compounds of TTO when compared with the reference data obtained using GC-MS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidonie Tankeu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Joshi RK. Chemical constituents and antibacterial property of the essential oil of the roots of Cyathocline purpurea. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:621-625. [PMID: 23220198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyathocline purpurea (D. Don.) O. Ktze. (Asteraceae) is a rare existence Indian medicinal plant and traditionally has antimicrobial property. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to identify chemical composition of the essential oil from the roots of Cyathocline purpurea and to screened in vitro antibacterial activity against eight human pathogenic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oil of roots was analyzed by using GC-FID and GC-MS. The antibacterial activity of oil was tested against four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria and antibacterial activity was determined by the tube dilution method. RESULTS The main constituents of the oil were thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (57.4%) and β-selinene (14.0%), among twenty five identified compounds, which represented 90.1% of the total oil. The oil was found active against Gram-positive bacteria with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values in the range of 0.26-0.57 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of roots of Cyathocline purpurea. The observation of MBC assay suggested that the Gram positive microorganisms were susceptible to essential oil, while oil was found to be resistant against Gram-negative bacteria, and the oil has bactericidal property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Joshi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belgaum, Karnataka 590010, India.
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