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Cardoso FF, Salvador GHM, Cavalcante WLG, Dal-Pai M, Fontes MRDM. BthTX-I, a phospholipase A 2-like toxin, is inhibited by the plant cinnamic acid derivative: chlorogenic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140988. [PMID: 38142025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite is a significant health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, resulting in more than 2.7 million envenomations and an estimated one hundred thousand fatalities annually. The Bothrops genus is responsible for the majority of snakebite envenomings in Latin America and Caribbean countries. Accidents involving snakes from this genus are characterized by local symptoms that often lead to permanent sequelae and death. However, specific antivenoms exhibit limited effectiveness in inhibiting local tissue damage. Phospholipase A2-like (PLA2-like) toxins emerge as significant contributors to local myotoxicity in accidents involving Bothrops species. As a result, they represent a crucial target for prospective treatments. Some natural and synthetic compounds have shown the ability to reduce or abolish the myotoxic effects of PLA2-like proteins. In this study, we employed a combination approach involving myographic, morphological, biophysical and bioinformatic techniques to investigate the interaction between chlorogenic acid (CGA) and BthTX-I, a PLA2-like toxin. CGA provided a protection of 71.8% on muscle damage in a pre-incubation treatment. Microscale thermophoresis and circular dichroism experiments revealed that CGA interacted with the BthTX-I while preserving its secondary structure. CGA exhibited an affinity to the toxin that ranks among the highest observed for a natural compound. Bioinformatics simulations indicated that CGA inhibitor binds to the toxin's hydrophobic channel in a manner similar to other phenolic compounds previously investigated. These findings suggest that CGA interferes with the allosteric transition of the non-activated toxin, and the stability of the dimeric assembly of its activated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Florença Cardoso
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Luís Garrido Cavalcante
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Mattos Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados do Mar (IEAMar), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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Kiran KS, Kameshwar VH, Mudnakudu Nagaraju KK, Nagalambika P, Varadaraju KR, Karthik NA, Dugganaboyana GK, Nanjunda Swamy S, Krishna KL, Kumar JR. Diosmin: A Daboia russelii venom PLA 2s inhibitor- purified, and characterized from Oxalis corniculata L medicinal plant. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116977. [PMID: 37544341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxalis corniculata L is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Oxalidaceae family. It is a little, slow-growing plant with a frail appearance typically found in mild temperate and tropical areas like Pakistan and India. This plant also includes many other bioactive substances, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins, and steroids. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Compound diosmin, which is derived from Oxalis corniculata L, on VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a isolated from Vipera russelli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction, purification, and characterization of bioactive by TLC, HPTLC, FT-IR analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, LC-MS/MS Analysis, NMR, XRD Analysis, In vitro evaluation, Circular dichroism spectroscopy, in vivo, and in silico studies. RESULTS In this study, the extract of Oxalis corniculata was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect against PLA2. The methanolic extract decreased hemolytic activity by about 60% at 1:75 w/w and neutralized the hemolytic activity completely at 1:100 w/w concentration. Diosmin inhibited VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a in a dose-dependent manner, with the extent of inhibition being about 56% for VRV-PL-5120 μM and VRV-PL-8a by 62% at the same concentration with IC50 concentrations of 87.08 μM for VRV-PL-5 and 82.08 μM for VRV-PL-8a, while at 75 μM. Diosmin inhibited the hemolytic activity of VRV-PL-5 by about 85%, and at the same concentration, VRV-PL-8a inhibited by about 75%. UV-CD spectra at the IC50 concentration of diosmin disrupted the secondary structure of VRV-PL-5 &VRV-PL-8a. In vivo, studies showed decreased myotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of the VRV-PL-5 &VRV-PL-8a, which was seen in the decrease in cytoplasmic markers LDH and CPK levels in the serum when incubated with diosmin. Furthermore, Histopathological studies of Muscles and lungs revealed that diosmin considerably protects against cellular abnormality caused by VRV-PL-5 & VRV-PL-8a. Molecular docking, MM/GBSA, and molecular dynamics simulation studies show that the diosmin is a potent inhibitor for VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a. CONCLUSION This study shows that diosmin is a potentially effective VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kiran
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara- 571448, Nagamangala (T), Mandya (D), Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Adichunchanagiri School of Natural Sciences, ACU-CRI, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara- 571448, Nagamangala (T), Mandya (D), Karnataka, India
| | | | - Prasad Nagalambika
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Kavitha Raj Varadaraju
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - N Awathade Karthik
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technological University, Mysore, India
| | - K L Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - J R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India.
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Gomaa MS, Ali IAI, El Enany G, El Ashry ESH, El Rayes SM, Fathalla W, Ahmed AHA, Abubshait SA, Abubshait HA, Nafie MS. Facile Synthesis of Some Coumarin Derivatives and Their Cytotoxicity through VEGFR2 and Topoisomerase II Inhibition. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238279. [PMID: 36500372 PMCID: PMC9737644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel semisynthetic coumarin derivatives were synthesized to be developed as chemotherapeutic anticancer agents through topoisomerase II, VEGFR2 inhibition that leads to apoptotic cancer cell death. The coumarin amino acids and dipeptides derivatives were prepared by the reaction of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid with amino acid methyl esters following the N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) method and 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole (HOBt), as coupling reagents. The synthesized compounds were screened towards VEGFR2, and topoisomerase IIα proteins to highlight their binding affinities and virtual mechanism of binding. Interestingly, compounds 4k (Tyr) and 6c (β-Ala-L-Met) shared the activity towards the three proteins by forming the same interactions with the key amino acids, such as the co-crystallized ligands. Both compounds 4k and 6c exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 4.98 and 5.85 µM, respectively causing cell death by 97.82 and 97.35%, respectively. Validating the molecular docking studies, both compounds demonstrated promising VEGFR-2 inhibition with IC50 values of 23.6 and 34.2 µM, compared to Sorafenib (30 µM) and topoisomerase-II inhibition with IC50 values of 4.1 and 8.6 µM compared to Doxorubicin (9.65 µM). Hence, these two promising compounds could be further tested as effective and selective target-oriented active agents against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Gomaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. I. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Gaber El Enany
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts in Uglat Asugour, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Scientific Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - El Sayed H. El Ashry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Samir M. El Rayes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Walid Fathalla
- Scientific Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Abdulghany H. A. Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Medicinal Science, University of Science and Technology, Aden 15201, Yemen
| | - Samar A. Abubshait
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya A. Abubshait
- Basic Science Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Adrião AAX, dos Santos AO, de Lima EJSP, Maciel JB, Paz WHP, da Silva FMA, Pucca MB, Moura-da-Silva AM, Monteiro WM, Sartim MA, Koolen HHF. Plant-Derived Toxin Inhibitors as Potential Candidates to Complement Antivenom Treatment in Snakebite Envenomations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842576. [PMID: 35615352 PMCID: PMC9126284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenomations (SBEs) are a neglected medical condition of global importance that mainly affect the tropical and subtropical regions. Clinical manifestations include pain, edema, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and neurotoxic signs, and may evolve to functional loss of the affected limb, acute renal and/or respiratory failure, and even death. The standard treatment for snake envenomations is antivenom, which is produced from the hyperimmunization of animals with snake toxins. The inhibition of the effects of SBEs using natural or synthetic compounds has been suggested as a complementary treatment particularly before admission to hospital for antivenom treatment, since these alternative molecules are also able to inhibit toxins. Biodiversity-derived molecules, namely those extracted from medicinal plants, are promising sources of toxin inhibitors that can minimize the deleterious consequences of SBEs. In this review, we systematically synthesize the literature on plant metabolites that can be used as toxin-inhibiting agents, as well as present the potential mechanisms of action of molecules derived from natural sources. These findings aim to further our understanding of the potential of natural products and provide new lead compounds as auxiliary therapies for SBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asenate A. X. Adrião
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Aline O. dos Santos
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emilly J. S. P. de Lima
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jéssica B. Maciel
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Weider H. P. Paz
- Post Graduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Felipe M. A. da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Support Center, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Manuela B. Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Moura-da-Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Sartim
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- University Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hector H. F. Koolen
- Post Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Superior School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Fanoudi S, Alavi MS, Karimi G, Hosseinzadeh H. Milk thistle ( Silybum Marianum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 43:240-254. [PMID: 30033764 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1485687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological and chemical agents cause dangerous effects on human health via different exposing ways. Recently, herbal medicine is considered as a biological and safe treatment for toxicities. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), belongs to the Asteraceae family, possesses different effects such as hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Several studies have demonstrated that this plant has protective properties against toxic agents. Herein, the protective effects of S. marianum and its main component, silymarin, which is the mixture of flavonolignans including silibinin, silydianin and silychristin acts against different biological (mycotoxins, snake venoms, and bacterial toxins) and chemical (metals, fluoride, pesticides, cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic agents) poisons have been summarized. This review reveals that main protective effects of milk thistle and its components are attributed to radical scavenging, anti-oxidative, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties, and regulating the inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
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Strauch MA, Tomaz MA, Monteiro-Machado M, Cons BL, Patrão-Neto FC, Teixeira-Cruz JDM, Tavares-Henriques MDS, Nogueira-Souza PD, Gomes SLS, Costa PRR, Schaeffer E, da Silva AJM, Melo PA. Lapachol and synthetic derivatives: in vitro and in vivo activities against Bothrops snake venoms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211229. [PMID: 30689661 PMCID: PMC6349327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that local tissue injuries incurred by snakebites are quickly instilled causing extensive, irreversible, tissue destruction that may include loss of limb function or even amputation. Such injuries are not completely neutralized by the available antivenins, which in general are focused on halting systemic effects. Therefore it is prudent to investigate the potential antiophidic effects of natural and synthetic compounds, perhaps combining them with serum therapy, to potentially attenuate or eliminate the adverse local and systemic effects of snake venom. This study assessed a group of quinones that are widely distributed in nature and constitute an important class of natural products that exhibit a range of biological activities. Of these quinones, lapachol is one of the most important compounds, having been first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae. Methodology/Principal findings It was investigated the ability of lapachol and some new potential active analogues based on the 2-hydroxi-naphthoquinone scaffold to antagonize important activities of Bothrops venoms (Bothrops atrox and Bothrops jararaca) under different experimental protocols in vitro and in vivo. The bioassays used to test the compounds were: procoagulant, phospholipase A2, collagenase and proteolytic activities in vitro, venom-induced hemorrhage, edematogenic, and myotoxic effects in mice. Proteolytic and collagenase activities of Bothrops atrox venom were shown to be inhibited by lapachol and its analogues 3a, 3b, 3c, 3e. The inhibition of these enzymatic activities might help to explain the effects of the analogue 3a in vivo, which decreased skin hemorrhage induced by Bothrops venom. Lapachol and the synthetic analogues 3a and 3b did not inhibit the myotoxic activity induced by Bothrops atrox venom. The negative protective effect of these compounds against the myotoxicity can be partially explained by their lack of ability to effectively inhibit phospholipase A2 venom activity. Bothrops atrox venom also induced edema, which was significantly reduced by the analogue 3a. Conclusions This research using a natural quinone and some related synthetic quinone compounds has shown that they exhibit antivenom activity; especially the compound 3a. The data from 3a showed a decrease in inflammatory venom effects, presumably those that are metalloproteinase-derived. Its ability to counteract such snake venom activities contributes to the search for improving the management of venomous snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A. Strauch
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MAS); (MAT); (PAM)
| | - Marcelo Amorim Tomaz
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MAS); (MAT); (PAM)
| | - Marcos Monteiro-Machado
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Cons
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Chagas Patrão-Neto
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Jhonatha da Mota Teixeira-Cruz
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silva Tavares-Henriques
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Dourila Nogueira-Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Sara L. S. Gomes
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Catálise Orgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. R. Costa
- Laboratório de Catálise Orgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Edgar Schaeffer
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Alcides J. M. da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Melo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia das Toxinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MAS); (MAT); (PAM)
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Alves N, Ximenes R, Jorge R, Silveira J, Santos J, Rodrigues F, Costa P, Xavier F, Evangelista J, Havt A, Soares V, Toyama M, Oliveira A, Araújo R, Alves R, Monteiro H. Anti-ophidian activity of Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. (Polygalaceae) root extract on the local effects induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom. Braz J Med Biol Res 2018; 52:e7581. [PMID: 30517287 PMCID: PMC6293447 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bredemeyera floribunda roots are popularly used to treat snakebites in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, and previous studies indicate the anti-ophidian actions of triterpenoid saponins found in its roots. To assess B. floribunda root extract (BFRE) activity against the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjuV), antiphospholipasic, antiproteolytic, antihemorrhagic, antinecrotic, and anti-edematogenic activities were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and sugars, with rutin and saccharose being the major constituents of BFRE. Acute toxicity was determined and BFRE was nontoxic to mice. Phospholipase A2 and proteolytic activities induced by BjuV were inhibited in vitro by BFRE at all concentrations tested herein. BFRE (150 mg/kg) inhibited paw edema induced by BjuV (50 µg/animal), reducing total edema calculated by area under the curve, but carrageenan-induced paw edema was unchanged. Hemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of BjuV (50 µg/animal) were considerably decreased by BFRE treatment. Thus, BFRE blocked the toxic actions of B. jararacussu venom despite having no anti-inflammatory activity, which points to a direct inhibition of venom's toxins, as demonstrated in the in vitro assays. The larger amounts of rutin found in BFRE may play a role in this inhibition, since 3',4'-OH flavonoids are known inhibitors of phospholipases A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.T.Q. Alves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R.M. Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - R.J.B. Jorge
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - J.A.M. Silveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J.V.A. Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F.A.P. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P.H.S. Costa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F.A.F. Xavier
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - A. Havt
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - V.C.G. Soares
- Universidade Paulista, Campus Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brasil
| | - M.H. Toyama
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brasil
| | - A.N.A. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - R.M. Araújo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - R.S. Alves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - H.S.A. Monteiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Lewin MR, Gutiérrez JM, Samuel SP, Herrera M, Bryan-Quirós W, Lomonte B, Bickler PE, Bulfone TC, Williams DJ. Delayed Oral LY333013 Rescues Mice from Highly Neurotoxic, Lethal Doses of Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E380. [PMID: 30241297 PMCID: PMC6215158 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for economical snakebite therapies with long shelf lives that are effective even with delays in treatment. The orally bioavailable, heat-stable, secretory phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂) inhibitor, LY333013, demonstrates antidotal characteristics for severe snakebite envenoming in both field and hospital use. A murine model of lethal envenoming by a Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) demonstrates that LY333013, even with delayed oral administration, improves the chances of survival. Furthermore, LY333013 improves the performance of antivenom even after it no longer reverses neurotoxic signs. Our study is the first demonstration that neurotoxicity from presynaptic venom sPLA2S can be treated successfully, even after the window of therapeutic antivenom has closed. These results suggest that sPLA₂ inhibitors have the potential to reduce death and disability and should be considered for the initial and adjunct treatment of snakebite envenoming. The scope and capacity of the sPLA2 inhibitors ability to achieve these endpoints requires further investigation and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Lewin
- Ophirex, Inc., Corte Madera, CA 94925, USA.
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, an José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Stephen P Samuel
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn, Norfolk PE30 4ET, UK.
| | - María Herrera
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, an José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Wendy Bryan-Quirós
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, an José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, an José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Philip E Bickler
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tommaso C Bulfone
- Ophirex, Inc., Corte Madera, CA 94925, USA.
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | - David J Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Australian Venom Research Unit, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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9
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Gao W, Xu L, Gong C, Ding Q, Peng Y. An efficient route to 4-aryloxycoumarins via one-pot reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarins with hypervalent iodine reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Qwebani-Ogunleye T, Kolesnikova NI, Steenkamp P, de Koning CB, Brady D, Wellington KW. A one-pot laccase-catalysed synthesis of coumestan derivatives and their anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:1172-1182. [PMID: 28041801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Suberase®, a commercial laccase from Novozymes, was used to catalyse the synthesis of coumestans. The yields, in some cases, were similar to or better than that obtained by other enzymatic, chemical or electrochemical syntheses. The compounds were screened against renal TK10, melanoma UACC62 and breast MCF7 cancer cell-lines and the GI50, TGI and LC50 values determined. Anticancer screening showed that the cytostatic effects of the coumestans were most effective against the melanoma UACC62 and breast MCF7 cancer cell-lines exhibiting potent activities, GI50=5.35 and 7.96μM respectively. Moderate activity was obtained against the renal TK10 cancer cell-line. The total growth inhibition, based on the TGI values, of several of the compounds was better than that of etoposide against the melanoma UACC62 and the breast MCF7 cancer cell lines. Several compounds, based on the LC50 values, were also more lethal than etoposide against the same cancer cell lines. The SAR for the coumestans is similar against the melanoma UACC62 and breast MCF7 cell lines. The compound having potent activity against both breast MCF7 and melanoma UACC62 cell lines has a methyl group on the benzene ring (ring A) as well as on the catechol ring (ring B). Anticancer activity decreases when methoxy and halogen substituents are inserted on rings A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Steenkamp
- CSIR Biosciences, PO Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Charles B de Koning
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box, Wits 2050, South Africa
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11
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Thomas E, Gopalakrishnan V, Somasagara RR, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Extract of Vernonia condensata, Inhibits Tumor Progression and Improves Survival of Tumor-allograft Bearing Mouse. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23255. [PMID: 27009490 PMCID: PMC4806354 DOI: 10.1038/srep23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered as one of the ideal sources for cancer therapy due to their bioactive contents and low toxicity to humans. Vernonia genus is one of the common medicinal plants, which has wide spread usage in food and medicine. However, there are limited studies to explore its anticancer properties. In the current study, we have used Vernonia condensata, to explore its anticancer activity using various approaches. Here, we show that extract prepared from Vernonia condensata (VCE) exhibits cytotoxic properties against various cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, when treated with VCE, there was no significant cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that although VCE induced cell death, arrest was not observed. VCE treatment led to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration dependent manner resulting in activation of apoptosis culminating in cell death. Immunoblotting studies revealed that VCE activated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. More importantly, VCE treatment resulted in tumor regression leading to significant enhancement in life span in treated mice, without showing any detectable side effects. Therefore, for the first time our study reveals the potential of extract from Vernonia condensata to be used as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | | | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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Fulanetti F, Camargo G, Ferro M, Randazzo-Moura P. Toxic effects of the administration of Mikania glomerata Sprengel during the gestational period of hypertensive rats. Open Vet J 2016; 6:23-9. [PMID: 26894037 PMCID: PMC4756170 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine is an ancient practice that has been gaining acceptance of the medical class through scientific studies that prove its effectiveness. However, its use should still be cautious. Medicinal plants have potential toxic effects not yet discovered, and may have unproven interactions with other medications. The use of drugs during pregnancy is still very dangerous and vigorously studied; however, there are few studies of herbal medicines in pregnant women. Existing studies prioritize on teratogenic or abortifacient effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the toxic effects of Mikania glomerata Sprengel administration, popularly known as "guaco" during the gestational period of hypertensive rats. For this experimental groups consisting of pregnant Wistar rats received treatments with guaco extract (1 to 2 mL). In order to analyze the possible toxic effects of guaco during pregnancy, weight gain of rats was assessed during pregnancy; reproductive performance of rats, morphological parameters, and fetal placental histology were compared. Although some parameters presented significant differences, we can conclude that changes prioritized by literature, such as toxicity, vasodilation and hypotension, have not been caused by guaco. The only fetal changes observed were due to the maternal hypertension. Some studies have reported vasodilator and hypotensive effects of guaco. However, only a few studies exist, and its actual effects remain unknown. Specific studies should be developed with higher doses of guaco for a definitive conclusion of its toxic and non-toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.B. Fulanetti
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Rua Joubert Wey, 290 Sorocaba, SP. 18030-070, Brazil
| | - G.G.R. Camargo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Rua Joubert Wey, 290 Sorocaba, SP. 18030-070, Brazil
| | - M.C. Ferro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Rua Joubert Wey, 290 Sorocaba, SP. 18030-070, Brazil
| | - P. Randazzo-Moura
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Rua Joubert Wey, 290 Sorocaba, SP. 18030-070, Brazil
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Alizadeh A, Ghanbaripour R. An efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives containing coumarin skeletons via a one-pot, three-component reaction. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-1928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Antonio CNS, Elnatan BDS, Raquel ODSF. A review on antimicrobial potential of species of the genus Vernonia (Asteraceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2015.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Reis FP, Senna Bonfa IM, Cavalcante RB, Okoba D, de Souza Vasconcelos SB, Candeloro L, de Oliveira Filiu WF, Duenhas Monreal AC, da Silva VJ, Santa Rita PH, Carollo CA, Toffoli-Kadri MC. Tabebuia aurea decreases inflammatory, myotoxic and hemorrhagic activities induced by the venom of Bothrops neuwiedi. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:352-357. [PMID: 25446588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical studies show that Tabebuia aurea has been used as anti-inflammatory and for snake bite. Evaluate the effect of treatment with the hydroethanolic extract of Tabebuia aurea (HETa) on inflammatory, hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities induced by Bothrops neuwiedi (BnV) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory, antihemorragic and antimyotoxic properties of the HETa 100, 200 and 400mg/kg or BnV neutralized with HETa (1:50) were evaluated using the following animal models: BnV-induced paw edema, BnV-induced recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells into the peritoneal cavity, hemorrhagic activity, myotoxic activity and hydrogen peroxide production by peritoneal macrophages in vitro. RESULTS HETa inhibited the paw edema and polymorphonuclear cell recruitment into the peritoneal cavity. BnV neutralized with HETa reduced the hemorrhagic activity and histopathological analysis of skeletal muscle tissue showed that the hemorrhagic area was smaller and multifocal. The leukocyte infiltrate was less intense and muscle necrosis discrete. BnV induced hydrogen peroxide production and BnV neutralized reduced this production. In addition, the HETa was nontoxic to macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The activities of the HETa presented herein justify the popular use of Tabebuia aurea in inflammatory situations from snake bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Paes Reis
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iluska Moslaves Senna Bonfa
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bezerra Cavalcante
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denis Okoba
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luciane Candeloro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiu
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Duenhas Monreal
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valter Jose da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Helena Santa Rita
- Biotério Central, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cristina Toffoli-Kadri
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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A convenient approach to the design and synthesis of indolo[3,2-c]coumarins via the microwave-assisted Cadogan reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Toyang NJ, Verpoorte R. A review of the medicinal potentials of plants of the genus Vernonia (Asteraceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:681-723. [PMID: 23395623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Vernonia genus has about one thousand species and members of the genus are widely used as food and medicine. The aim of this review is to analyze published data on the ethnomedicinal, ethnoveterinary and zoopharmacognostic uses of plants of the Vernonia genus. This will help to identify the state of ethnopharmacological knowledge in regard to this genus and to propose future research priorities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major scientific databases including SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline and Google Scholar were queried for information on Vernonia genus using various keyword combinations. The International Plant Name Index was also used to verify the names of species and authors. RESULTS A total of 109 Vernonia species were reported in the literature to have medicinal properties. One hundred and five (105) plants were linked to the treatment or management of 44 human diseases or health conditions. Plants of the genus also feature in ethnoveterinary and zoopharmacognostic practices. A total of 12 vernonia species were identified to be used in ethnoveterinary medicine while 2 species are used in self medication practices by chimpanzees and gorillas. In vitro and in vivo research studies reporting the validation of the medicinal properties of some species were also reviewed. One hundred and three bioactive compounds isolated from various Vernonia species were also identified. Vernonia amygdalina was identified as the most frequently used member of the Vernonia genus. The Vernolides, a class of sesquiterpene lactone were identified as the most studied compounds from the genus and show interesting bioactivity in antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, antischistosomial, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory assays. CONCLUSION On the basis of results from a combination of in vitro and in vivo efficacy and toxicity studies reported, Vernonia amygdalina holds the most promise for development into a nutraceutical against diabetes and malaria while Vernonia cinerea has potential against cancer and inflammatory conditions. Vernolide A is so far the most promising single agent from a Vernonia species that has potential for development into an anticancer agent. The other Vernonia species and isolated compounds require further studies to ascertain their medicinal potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngeh J Toyang
- Virgin Botanicals & Biotech Inc. Columbia, MD, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Kumar S, Dhanani T. Development and validation of a rapid high performance liquid chromatography - photodiode array detection method for estimation of a bioactive compound wedelolactone in extracts of Eclipta alba. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following optimization of extraction, separation and analytical conditions, a rapid, sensitive and simple reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) method has been developed for the identification and quantification of wedelolactone in different extracts of Eclipta alba. The separation of wedelolactone was achieved on a C18 column using the solvent system consisting of a mixture of methanol: water: acetic acid (95: 5: 0.04) as a mobile phase in isocratic elution mode followed by photo diode array detection at 352 nm. The developed method was validated as per the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Calibration curve presented good linear regression (r²>0.998) within the test range and the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD, %) values for intra-day assay were found to be 0.15, 1.30 and 1.1 for low (5 µg/mL), medium (20 µg/mL) and high (80 µg/mL) concentrations of wedelolactone. For inter-day assay the maximum RSD (%) values were found to be 2.83, 1.51 and 2.06 for low, medium and high concentrations, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 2 and 5 µg/mL respectively. Analytical recovery of wedelolactone was greater than 95%. Wedelolactone in different extracts of Eclipta alba was identified and quantified using the developed HPLC method. The validated HPLC method allowed precise quantitative analysis of wedelolactone in Eclipta. alba extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanshu Kumar
- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Boriavi, India
| | - Tushar Dhanani
- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Boriavi, India
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19
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[Pd(PPh3)2(saccharinate)2]—general catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura, Negishi cross-coupling and C–H bond functionalization of coumaryl and pyrone substrates. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Stefani HA, Gueogjan K, Manarin F, Farsky SH, Zukerman-Schpector J, Caracelli I, Pizano Rodrigues SR, Muscará MN, Teixeira SA, Santin JR, Machado ID, Bolonheis SM, Curi R, Vinolo MA. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of 3-(triazolyl)-coumarin derivatives: Effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Santana MD, García-Bueno R, García G, Sánchez G, García J, Kapdi AR, Naik M, Pednekar S, Pérez J, García L, Pérez E, Serrano JL. Novel saccharinate-bridged palladium complexes for efficient C–O bond activation displaying promising luminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3832-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Napimoga MH, Yatsuda R. Scientific evidence for Mikania laevigata and Mikania glomerata as a pharmacological tool. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 62:809-20. [PMID: 20636868 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.07.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Historically, the majority of new drugs have been generated from natural products as well as from compounds derived from natural products. In this context, Mikania laevigata and M. glomerata, popularly known as 'guaco', have a long history of use. Brazilian Indians have an ancient tradition of using 'guaco' for snakebites. In current herbal medicine in Brazil, 'guaco' is used as an effective natural bronchodilator, expectorant and cough suppressant employed for all types of upper respiratory problems including bronchitis, pleurisy, colds and flu, coughs and asthma. KEY FINDINGS In Brazil, this plant has been widely used, even as commercial preparations. Its medicinal properties are widely recognized, mainly in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, bronchodilator activity, anti-ulcerogenic, antiophidian as well as antibacterial and antiparasitic activity, although the efficacy of the antibacterial activity is so far controversial. SUMMARY The studies on Mikania glomerata and M. laevigata have provided scientific evidence that those plants have a considerable anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Napimoga
- Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38055-500, Brazil.
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24
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Gong DH, Zhang L, Li JF, Yuan JY, Yuan CY. A new and efficient synthesis of wedelolactone derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20040220910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Guravaiah N, Rao VR. Synthesis of a New Class of Sulfone-Linked 3-([1,2,3]-Thiadazol-4-yl)-chromen-2-ones. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500902797137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nalajam Guravaiah
- a Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology , Warangal, India
| | - Vedula Rajeswar Rao
- a Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology , Warangal, India
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Panghal M, Arya V, Yadav S, Kumar S, Yadav JP. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used by Saperas community of Khetawas, Jhajjar District, Haryana, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2010; 6:4. [PMID: 20109179 PMCID: PMC2826346 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have traditionally been used as a source of medicine in India by indigenous people of different ethnic groups inhabiting various terrains for the control of various ailments afflicting human and their domestic animals. The indigenous community of snake charmers belongs to the 'Nath' community in India have played important role of healers in treating snake bite victims. Snake charmers also sell herbal remedies for common ailments. In the present paper an attempt has been made to document on ethno botanical survey and traditional medicines used by snake charmers of village Khetawas located in district Jhajjar of Haryana, India as the little work has been made in the past to document the knowledge from this community. METHODS Ethno botanical data and traditional uses of plants information was obtained by semi structured oral interviews from experienced rural folk, traditional herbal medicine practitioners of the 'Nath' community. A total of 42 selected inhabitants were interviewed, 41 were male and only one woman. The age of the healers was between 25 years and 75 years. The plant specimens were identified according to different references concerning the medicinal plants of Haryana and adjoining areas and further confirmation from Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. RESULTS The present study revealed that the people of the snake charmer community used 57 medicinal plants species that belonged to 51 genera and 35 families for the treatment of various diseases. The study has brought to light that the main diseases treated by this community was snakebite in which 19 different types of medicinal plants belongs to 13 families were used. Significantly higher number of medicinal plants was claimed by men as compared to women. The highest numbers of medicinal plants for traditional uses utilized by this community were belonging to family Fabaceae. CONCLUSION This community carries a vast knowledge of medicinal plants but as snake charming is banned in India as part of efforts to protect India's steadily depleting wildlife, this knowledge is also rapidly disappearing in this community. Such type of ethno botanical studies will help in systematic documentation of ethno botanical knowledge and availing to the scientific world plant therapies used as antivenin by the Saperas community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Panghal
- Department of Genetics, M.D. University Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vedpriya Arya
- Department of Genetics, M.D. University Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Department of Genetics, M.D. University Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Environment Science, M.D. University Rohtak, Haryana, India
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An efficient route to 4-substituted coumarins, 2(5H)-furanones, and pyrones via palladium-catalyzed couplings of alkenyl tosylates with organoindium reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Luo Y, Wu J. Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of 4-hydroxycoumarins with arylboronic acids via C–OH bond activation. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sánchez EE, Rodríguez-Acosta A. Inhibitors of Snake Venoms and Development of New Therapeutics. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 30:647-78. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970802279019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elda E. Sánchez
- 1Natural Toxins Research Center (NTRC), College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
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Samy RP, Thwin MM, Gopalakrishnakone P, Ignacimuthu S. Ethnobotanical survey of folk plants for the treatment of snakebites in Southern part of Tamilnadu, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:302-12. [PMID: 18055146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in four different indigenous groups in Southern parts of Tamilnadu, India, using a questionnaire. The herbal practitioners in the study area were interviewed, and information on medicinal plants was collected from the traditional healers called "Vaidyars". This survey covers 72 medicinal plants belonging to 53 families that are used for the treatment of snakebite in a traditional way. Traditional approach was evaluated scientifically with some selected plant extracts (7.2 mg/kg bw) and partially purified fractions (2.4 mg/kg bw) were orally administered to mice experimentally envenomed with rattlesnake venom s.c. injection (2.5-15 microg/kg bw). Tested fractions (Aristolochia indica, Hemidesmus indicus, Gloriosa superba, Strychnos nux-vomica, Eclipta prostrata, and Andrographis paniculata) showed potent neutralizing effect against the venom. Compared to the extracts, administration of purified fractions was more effective in increasing the body weight. Control mice injected with the venom alone showed weight loss and severe toxicity at 15 microg/kg bw. The purified fractions (2.4 mg/kg bw) produced significant protection against venom induced changes in serum SOD and LPx levels. The isolated fractions effectively inhibited the toxic effect of snake venoms in vitro than in vivo. The above observations confirmed the protective activity of plants-Aristolochia indica, Hemidesmus indicus, Gloriosa superba, Strychnos nux-vomica, Eclipta prostrata, and Andrographis paniculata against the lethal action of snake venom and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Perumal Samy
- Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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A general and efficient route to 3-amino-4-sulfanylcoumarins via substitution and palladium-catalyzed amination of 3-bromo-4-tosyloxycoumarins. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu J, Diao T, Sun W, Li Y. Expeditious Approach to Coumarins via Pechmann Reaction Catalyzed by Molecular Iodine or AgOTf. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600773692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Daduang S, Sattayasai N, Sattayasai J, Tophrom P, Thammathaworn A, Chaveerach A, Konkchaiyaphum M. Screening of plants containing Naja naja siamensis cobra venom inhibitory activity using modified ELISA technique. Anal Biochem 2005; 341:316-25. [PMID: 15907878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been modified for screening plants with antagonistic activity to Naja naja siamensis cobra venom. Aqueous extracts from plants were investigated for their inhibitory effects on the binding of anti-cobra venom antibody to antigen, cobra venom, fixed onto 96-well microtiter plates. Ingredients in extracts were allowed to react with immobilized venom before the subsequent addition of antivenom antibody. Venom components affected by exposure to the extracts, unable to interact with their specific antibody, were predicted to be unable to bind to their native destinations or natural receptors. Curcuma cf. zedoaria, an old Thai medicinal plant, showed clear inhibitory activity in the ELISA test. Neurotoxin and protein degradative enzymes, major components in venom, were identified as targets of this extract in Western immunoblotting analysis. Ingredients in the extract showed high affinity to the toxin in competition assay by immunoprecipitation. The extract attenuated toxin activity by extending contraction time of diaphragm muscle after envenomation and had a potency to protect cellular proteins from venom degradative enzymes. Curcuma parviflora, with less activity in ELISA, exhibited acceptable results in two experiments but negative results in two experiments, whereas Curcuma longa, having low activity in the ELISA test, never showed any favorable results. Screening of 36 samples could classify plants into an inhibition range of 0 to 86%. This modified ELISA is recommended as a preliminary screening method for inhibitors with a large number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakda Daduang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Bae H, Kim HS. Solid phase synthesis of 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)coumarin: preliminary experiments for combinatorial synthesis of substituted 3-phenylcoumarin derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:811-5. [PMID: 15460439 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin and its derivatives occur widely in nature. Many attempts were made for synthesis of various coumarin derivatives because of their interesting biological activities. In this study, solid phase synthetic approach of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)coumarin was achieved for combinatorial synthesis of substituted 3-phenylcoumarin analogues. Starting from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester, release of 3-(4-hydroxypnehyl)coumarin from polymer support was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Syntheses of 4-(1-alkynyl)-2(5H)-furanones and coumarins via the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of potassium alkynyltrifluoroborates. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Abstract
The total synthesis of wedelolactone, a naturally occurring direct inhibitor of IKK complex that can suppress LPS-induced caspase-11 expression, using a convergent synthetic approach, is described. The key steps involved in this synthesis include the palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction and the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation reaction. This approach allows access to diversified analogues of wedelolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, PR China, 100871
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Deepa M, Veerabasappa Gowda T. Purification and characterization of a glycoprotein inhibitor of toxic phospholipase from Withania somnifera. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 408:42-50. [PMID: 12485601 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A phospholipase inhibitor (WSG) has been purified from Withania somnifera using gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. The WSG is an acidic glycoprotein. Its molecular mass as determined by SDS-PAGE was 27kDa. It neutralized the enzyme activity and pharmacological properties such as cytotoxicity, edema, and myotoxicity of a multi-toxic Indian cobra venom phospholipase (NNXIa-PLA) but failed to neutralize the neurotoxicity. The glycan part of the molecule does not appear to be involved in any of the pharmacological properties studied. The results suggest that the neutralization of the pharmacological effects of the toxic phospholipase is brought about by inhibition of the enzyme activity by formation of a complex between the WSG and the toxic phospholipase. We report the purification and characterization of a glycoprotein phospholipase A inhibitor from Withania somnifera, medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Deepa
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, 570 006, Mysore, India
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Wu J, Wang L, Fathi R, Yang Z. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 4-tosylcoumarin and arylboronic acids: synthesis of 4-arylcoumarin compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Soares de Moura R, Costa SS, Jansen JM, Silva CA, Lopes CS, Bernardo-Filho M, Nascimento da Silva V, Criddle DN, Portela BN, Rubenich LMS, Araujo RG, Carvalho LCRM. Bronchodilator activity of Mikania glomerata Sprengel on human bronchi and guinea-pig trachea. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:249-56. [PMID: 11858213 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021778277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of aqueous extracts and hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE), and of a dichloromethane fraction (MG1) obtained from the HAE of Mikania glomerata leaves on isolated respiratory and vascular smooth muscle have been investigated. Aqueousextracts and HAE induced a significant inhibition on the histamine contractions on the isolated guinea-pig trachea. HAE extract induced a concentration-dependent relaxation on guinea-pig trachea pre-contracted with histamine (IC50 0.34 (0.29-0.39) mg mL(-1)), acetylcholine (IC50 0.72 (0.67-0.77) mg mL(-1)) or K+ (IC50 1.41 (1.18-1.64) mg mL(-1)) and on isolated human bronchi precontracted with K+ (IC50 0.34 (0.26-0.42) mg mL(-1)). The dichloromethane fraction induced a concentration dependent relaxation in guinea-pig trachea precontracted with K+ (IC50 0.017 (0.012-0.022) mg mL(-1)). The dichloromethane fraction had also a small vasodilator effect on the isolated mesenteric vascular bed and on the isolated rat aorta, and a significant reduction of the oedema induced by subplantar injections of Bothropsjararaca venom in mice. When tested on plasmid DNA, MG1 did not damage the DNA. Chromatographic analysis showed the presence of 11.4% w/w coumarin in MG1. The results supported the indication of M. glomerata products for the treatment of respiratory diseases where bronchoconstriction is present.
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Wu J, Liao Y, Yang Z. Synthesis of 4-substituted coumarins via the palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings of 4-tosylcoumarins with terminal acetylenes and organozinc reagents. J Org Chem 2002; 66:3642-5. [PMID: 11348165 DOI: 10.1021/jo0102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, SGM 604, Boston, MA 02115-5731, USA
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Lans C, Harper T, Georges K, Bridgewater E. Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in Trinidad. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2001; 1:10. [PMID: 11737880 PMCID: PMC60997 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2001] [Accepted: 11/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnomedicines are used by hunters for themselves and their hunting dogs in Trinidad. Plants are used for snakebites, scorpion stings, for injuries and mange of dogs and to facilitate hunting success. RESULTS Plants used include Piper hispidum, Pithecelobium unguis-cati, Bauhinia excisa, Bauhinia cumanensis, Cecropia peltata, Aframomum melegueta, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, Nicotiana tabacum, Vernonia scorpioides, Petiveria alliacea, Renealmia alpinia, Justicia secunda, Phyllanthus urinaria,Phyllanthus niruri,Momordica charantia, Xiphidium caeruleum, Ottonia ovata, Lepianthes peltata, Capsicum frutescens, Costus scaber, Dendropanax arboreus, Siparuma guianensis, Syngonium podophyllum, Monstera dubia, Solanum species, Eclipta prostrata, Spiranthes acaulis, Croton gossypifolius, Barleria lupulina, Cola nitida, Acrocomia ierensis (tentative ID). CONCLUSION Plant use is based on odour, and plant morphological characteristics and is embedded in a complex cultural context based on indigenous Amerindian beliefs. It is suggested that the medicinal plants exerted a physiological action on the hunter or his dog. Some of the plants mentioned contain chemicals that may explain the ethnomedicinal and ethnoveterinary use. For instance some of the plants influence the immune system or are effective against internal and external parasites. Plant baths may contribute to the health and well being of the hunting dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lans
- Group Technology and Agrarian Development, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Tisha Harper
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Karla Georges
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Elmo Bridgewater
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
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Hu Y, Yang Z. Palladium-Mediated Intramolecular Carbonylative Annulation of o-Alkynylphenols To Synthesize Benzo[b]furo[3,4-d]furan-1-ones. Org Lett 2001; 3:1387-90. [PMID: 11348241 DOI: 10.1021/ol010033z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction in text] The carbonylative annulation of o-alkynylphenols mediated by PdCl(2)(PPh(3))(2) and dppp in the presence of CsOAc at 55 degrees C in acetonitrile under a balloon pressure of CO generates functionalized benzo[b]furo[3,4-d]furan-1-ones in good yields. This novel synthetic approach provides a highly efficient method for diversification of the benzofuran scaffold for combinatorial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Harvard Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, SGM 604, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5731, USA
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45
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Monteiro MH, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Felzenszwalb I, Chahoud I, Paumgartten FJ. Toxicological evaluation of a tea from leaves of Vernonia condensata. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 74:149-157. [PMID: 11167033 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Teas of Vernonia condensata Baker (Asteraceae) are widely used in Brazil for gastro-intestinal disorders and to treat several other diseases. In this study, we evaluated the acute toxicity, embryotoxicity and mutagenicity of a lyophilized aqueous extract (LAE) from V. condensata leaves. Single doses of LAE, up to 5000 mg/kg body weight, were given orally or intraperitoneally to male and female Swiss albino mice. No toxicity was observed after oral administration. The "Approximate Lethal Dose" after intraperitoneal injections was 3400 mg/kg for males and 5000 mg/kg for females. Embryotoxicity was investigated in Han:NMRI mice. LAE (0, 500 and 2000 mg/kg/day) was given by gavage on days 10, 11 and 12, and dams were submitted to caesarean sections on day 18 of pregnancy. Fetuses were weighed, examined for externally visible malformations, and evaluated for skeletal anomalies. Except for a slight reduction of fetal body weight accompanied by signs of delayed ossification at the highest dose, no other embryotoxic effect was noted in the exposed offspring. LAE-induced mutagenicity was evaluated in the Salmonella/microsome assay without and with S9 mixture. LAE, tested up to 5000 microg/plate, was not mutagenic to tester strains TA97a, TA98 and TA100. Results therefore suggest that V. condensata aqueous extracts present low acute toxicity and pose neither teratogenic nor mutagenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Monteiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
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Mors WB, Nascimento MC, Pereira BM, Pereira NA. Plant natural products active against snake bite--the molecular approach. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2000; 55:627-642. [PMID: 11130675 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The article surveys the substances identified in plants reputed to neutralize the effects of snake venoms. Protective activity of many of them against the lethal action of the venom of the jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) snake was confirmed by biological assays. It was shown that all belong to chemical classes capable of interacting with macromolecular targets--receptors and enzymes. In a few cases it has been shown that exogenous natural micromolecules can mimic the biological activity of endogenous macromolecules. From the evidence presented, it can be inferred that micromolecules which neutralize the action of snake venoms mechanistically replace endogenous antitoxic serum proteins with venom neutralizing capacity such as produced by some animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Mors
- Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Borges MH, Soares AM, Rodrigues VM, Andrião-Escarso SH, Diniz H, Hamaguchi A, Quintero A, Lizano S, Gutiérrez JM, Giglio JR, Homsi-Brandeburgo MI. Effects of aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae) on actions of snake and bee venoms and on activity of phospholipases A2. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 127:21-30. [PMID: 11126749 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The crude aqueous extract from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris, a plant found in Brazilian open pastures, was assayed for its ability to inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and some biological activities of bee and several snake venoms, and of a number of isolated PLA2s. The extract induced partial inhibition of the PLA2 activity of venoms containing class I, II and III PLA2s. When tested against the purified toxins, it showed the highest efficacy against class II PLA2s from viperid venoms, being relatively ineffective against the class I PLA2 pseudexin. In addition, C. sylvestris extract significantly inhibited the myotoxic activity of four Bothrops crude venoms and nine purified myotoxic PLA2s, including Lys-49 and Asp-49 variants. The extract was able to inhibit the anticoagulant activity of several isolated PLA2s, with the exception of pseudexin. Moreover, it partially reduced the edema-inducing activity of B. moojeni and B. jararacussu venoms, as well as of myotoxins MjTX-II and BthTX-I. The extract also prolonged the survival time of mice injected with lethal doses of several snake venoms and neutralized the lethal effect induced by several purified PLA2 myotoxins. It is concluded that C. sylvestris constitutes a rich source of PLA2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Borges
- Departamento de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, MG, Brazil
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Otero R, Núñez V, Jiménez SL, Fonnegra R, Osorio RG, García ME, Díaz A. Snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of Colombia: Part II: neutralization of lethal and enzymatic effects of Bothrops atrox venom. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 71:505-511. [PMID: 10940590 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Twelve of 74 ethanolic extracts of plants used by traditional healers for snakebites in the northwest region of Colombia, were active against lethal effect of Bothrops atrox venom when they were i.p. injected into mice (18-20 g). After preincubation of sublethal doses of every extract (0.5-4.0 mg/mouse) with 1.5 i.p. lethal dose 50% (LD50) (99.3 microg) of venom, seven of them demonstrated 100% neutralizing capacity within 48 h. These were the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae) and Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae); the whole plants of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae) and Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae); and the ripe fruits of Citrus limon (Rutaceae). The other five extracts showing partial neutralization (45-80%; 10-30% survival rate in the control group receiving the venom alone; P<0.05) were: leaves, branches and stem of Costus lasius (Costaceae); the whole plant of Sida acuta (Malvaceae); rhizomes of Dracontium croatii (Araceae); leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) and Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae). When the extracts were independently administered per oral or i.p. route 60 min before an i.m. venom injection (204 microg=1.5 i.m. LD50), C. limon, T. elegans, B. orellana and T. rosea extracts had partial and significant neutralizing capacity against B. atrox venom lethal effect. C. limon extract was also partially effective when it was administered either i.v. 15 min before or i.p. 5 min after an i.m. venom injection. Three of the 12 extracts with anti-lethal effect (C. limon, D. croatii and S. acuta) were devoid of antiphospholipase A2 activity, when they were tested against one minimum indirect hemolytic dose of B. atrox venom (2 microg) in agarose-erythrocyte-egg yolk gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Otero
- Programa de Ofidismo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia.
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Hutt MJ, Houghton PJ. A survey from the literature of plants used to treat scorpion stings. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1998; 60:97-110. [PMID: 9581999 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A catalogue of plants used to treat envenomation by scorpions has been compiled from a comprehensive range of over 30 reference books and review papers. Details of the parts used and the method of use are given, as well as the geographical source. The possible pharmacological and chemical basis of the use of some of the plants listed is discussed and compared with plants used to treat envenomation by snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hutt
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, UK
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