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Wang N, Zhang C. Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38671903 PMCID: PMC11047699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Khanam A, Alouffi S, Alyahyawi AR, Husain A, Khan S, Alharazi T, Akasha R, Khan H, Shahab U, Ahmad S. Generation of autoantibodies against glycated fibrinogen: Role in diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Anal Biochem 2024; 685:115393. [PMID: 37977213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of glycation, characterized by the non-enzymatic reaction between sugars and free amino groups on biomolecules, is a key contributor to the development and progression of both microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes, particularly due to persistent hyperglycemia. This glycation process gives rise to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which play a central role in the pathophysiology of diabetes complications, including nephropathy. The d-ribose-mediated glycation of fibrinogen plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetes nephropathy (DN) and retinopathy (DR) by the generation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycated fibrinogen with d-ribose (Rb-gly-Fb) induces structural changes that trigger an autoimmune response by generating and exposing neoepitopes on fibrinogen molecules. The present research is designed to investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies against Rb-gly-Fb in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), DN & DR. Direct binding ELISA was used to test the binding affinity of autoantibodies from patients' sera against Rb-gly-Fb and competitive ELISA was used to confirm the direct binding findings by checking the bindings of isolated IgG against Rb-gly-Fb and its native conformer. In comparison to healthy subjects, 32% of T2DM, 67% of DN and 57.85% of DR patients' samples demonstrated a strong binding affinity towards Rb-gly-Fb. Both native and Rb-gly-Fb binding by healthy subjects (HS) sera were non-significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the early, intermediate, and end products of glycation have been assessed through biochemical and physicochemical analysis. The biochemical markers in the patient groups were also significant (p < 0.05) in comparison to the HS group. This study not only establishes the prevalence of autoantibodies against d-ribose glycated fibrinogen in DN but also highlights the potential of glycated fibrinogen as a biomarker for the detection of DN and/or DR. These insights may open new avenues for research into novel therapeutic strategies and the prevention of diabetes-related nephropathy and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Khanam
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, 202146, India
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad R Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Arbab Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India; Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, 202146, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alharazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamda Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail- 2440, Saudi Arabia.
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Ibrahim M, Khalife L, Abdel-Latif R, Faour WH. Ghrelin hormone a new molecular modulator between obesity and glomerular damage. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10525-10533. [PMID: 37924451 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of glomerular diseases is increasing worldwide due to increased prevalence of obesity which is a major risk factor for type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders.Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide hormone, has been implicated in obesity, and its impact on the pathology and function of the kidneys was found to be significant. Ghrelin known to regulate energy homeostasis and growth hormone release, has been shown to modulate critical signaling pathways involved in the health and survival of podocytes. These derangements directly affect glomerular function and manifest as impaired glomerular filtration barrier and leakage of albumin into urine. Although the pathological features of the above-mentioned disorders are different, they interestingly lead to similar clinical features of glomerular damage. The pathological events are majorly initiated by endocrine imbalance leading to abnormal activation of downstream signaling pathways involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis. In fact, obesity increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease by altering the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), promoting lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and fibrosis within the kidneys. Whilst these bioregulators are well described, their direct involvement in renal homeostasis is still mostly elusive. This review summarized previous and recent evidence on the endocrine properties of ghrelin and perivascular adipose tissue involved in modulating kidney physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Ibrahim
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Lynn Khalife
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rania Abdel-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Miniya, Egypt
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
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4
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Zhuang L, Jin G, Wang Q, Ge X, Pei X. Long Non-coding RNA ZFAS1 Regulates Fibrosis and Scortosis in the Cell Model of Diabetic Nephropathy Through miR-525-5p/SGK1 Axis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04721-5. [PMID: 37768477 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common clinical syndrome in diabetic patients. Functional characterization of non-coding (ncRNAs) involved in the progression of DN can provide insights into the diagnosis and therapeutic management of DN. Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were challenged by high glucose (HG, 50 mM) as a cell model of DN. The expression level of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ZFAS1 was quantified by qRT-PCR. The proteins and cytokines related to fibrosis and scortosis in DN (NLRP3, GSDMD-N, IL-1β and Caspase 1, fibronectin, collagen I, collagen III, IL-1β, and IL-18) were examined by western blot or ELISA. RNA precipitation and luciferase reporter activity experiments were conducted to assess the molecular associations. ZFAS1 and SGK1 were highly induced in HK-2 cells challenged with HG, while miR-525-5p downregulated upon HG treatment. ZFAS1 knockdown attenuated HG-induced fibrosis and scortosis in HK-2 cells by reducing the levels of NLRP3, GSDMD-N, Caspase 1, fibronectin, collagen I/III, IL-1β, and IL-18. Mechanically, ZFAS1 knockdown protected HK-2 cells from HG-induced injury by upregulating miR-525-5p and repressing SGK1 expression. Overall, our results suggest that knocking down ZFAS1 may be formulated as a protective strategy in ameliorating DN progression through regulating miR-525-5p/SGK1 pathway. Targeting ZFAS1 could be further explored as a potential approach for the management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langen Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China.
| | - Guoxi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ge
- Department of Endocrinology Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, No. 1111, Xianxia Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
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5
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Zhang K, Fu Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Cai G, Hong Q. The role of cellular crosstalk in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1173933. [PMID: 37538798 PMCID: PMC10395826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and its main manifestations are progressive proteinuria and abnormal renal function, which eventually develops end stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathogenesis of DN is complex and involves many signaling pathways and molecules, including metabolic disorders, genetic factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microcirculatory abnormalities strategies. With the development of medical experimental techniques, such as single-cell transcriptome sequencing and single-cell proteomics, the pathological alterations caused by kidney cell interactions have attracted more and more attention. Here, we reviewed the characteristics and related mechanisms of crosstalk among kidney cells podocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, pericytes, and immune cells during the development and progression of DN and highlighted its potential therapeutic effects.
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Fujino M, Morito N, Hayashi T, Ojima M, Ishibashi S, Kuno A, Koshiba S, Yamagata K, Takahashi S. Transcription factor c-Maf deletion improves streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy by directly regulating Sglt2 and Glut2. JCI Insight 2023; 8:163306. [PMID: 36787192 PMCID: PMC10070115 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Maf has been widely studied and has been reported to play a critical role in embryonic kidney development; however, the postnatal functions of c-Maf in adult kidneys remain unknown as c-Maf-null C57BL/6J mice exhibit embryonic lethality. In this study, we investigated the role of c-Maf in adult mouse kidneys by comparing the phenotypes of tamoxifen-inducible (TAM-inducible) c-Maf-knockout mice (c-Maffl/fl; CAG-Cre-ERTM mice named "c-MafΔTAM") with those of c-Maffl/fl control mice, 10 days after TAM injection [TAM(10d)]. In addition, we examined the effects of c-Maf deletion on diabetic conditions by injecting the mice with streptozotocin, 4 weeks before TAM injection. c-MafΔTAM mice displayed primary glycosuria caused by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (Sglt2) and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) downregulation in the kidneys without diabetes, as well as morphological changes and life-threatening injuries in the kidneys on TAM(10d). Under diabetic conditions, c-Maf deletion promoted recovery from hyperglycemia and suppressed albuminuria and diabetic nephropathy by causing similar effects as did Sglt2 knockout and SGLT2 inhibitors. In addition to demonstrating the potentially unique gene regulation of c-Maf, these findings highlight the renoprotective effects of c-Maf deficiency under diabetic conditions and suggest that c-Maf could be a novel therapeutic target gene for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Fujino
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors
| | - Naoki Morito
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine; and
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masami Ojima
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization and
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), and
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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7
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Wang YL, Lin SX, Wang Y, Liang T, Jiang T, Liu P, Li XY, Lang DQ, Liu Q, Shen CY. p-Synephrine ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via suppressing the NF-kappa B and MAPK pathways. Food Funct 2023; 14:1971-1988. [PMID: 36723106 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the development of diabetes mellitus. p-Synephrine, the primary pharmacologically active protoalkaloid in Citrus species, has been popularly consumed as a dietary supplement for weight loss management. However, the effects of p-synephrine on diabetes mellitus and the action mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, the in vitro antioxidant effects of p-synephrine were evaluated. The data showed that p-synephrine treatment exhibited significant scavenging effects against DPPH, ABTS and OH radicals and showed high reducing power. Diabetic mice were developed by alloxan injection, followed by p-synephrine administration to investigate its hypoglycemic effects in vivo. The results showed that p-synephrine intervention significantly prevented alloxan-induced alteration in body weight, organ indexes, serum uric acid content and serum creatinine content. Meanwhile, p-synephrine application significantly improved the lipid profiles, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) contents in the serum and kidneys of diabetic mice and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum of diabetic mice. Further assays suggested that p-synephrine treatment improved alloxan-induced decreases of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Also, p-synephrine supplementation altered histopathological changes in the kidneys and interscapular brown adipose tissues in diabetic mice. In addition, p-synephrine administration inhibited renal inflammation through suppressing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression levels, as well as CD45 expression levels. The anti-inflammatory effects were probably involved in the regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. In conclusion, p-synephrine application significantly ameliorated alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus by inhibiting oxidative stress via suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Song-Xia Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Qin Lang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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The Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Renal Cell Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Disease: An Update. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020539. [PMID: 36836895 PMCID: PMC9967500 DOI: 10.3390/life13020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of type I and II diabetes. It develops from the initial microproteinuria to end-stage renal failure. The main initiator for DN is chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia (HG) can stimulate the resident and non-resident renal cells to produce humoral mediators and cytokines that can lead to functional and phenotypic changes in renal cells and tissues, interference with cell growth, interacting proteins, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), etc., ultimately resulting in glomerular and tubular damage and the onset of kidney disease. Therefore, poor blood glucose control is a particularly important risk factor for the development of DN. In this paper, the types and mechanisms of DN cell damage are classified and summarized by reviewing the related literature concerning the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of DN. At the cellular level, we summarize the mechanisms and effects of renal damage by hyperglycemia. This is expected to provide therapeutic ideas and inspiration for further studies on the treatment of patients with DN.
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Abd El-Baset SA, Mazen NF, Abdul-Maksoud RS, Kattaia AAA. The therapeutic prospect of zinc oxide nanoparticles in experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2069966. [PMID: 35504734 PMCID: PMC9870014 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2069966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal failure. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are promising antidiabetic agents. Our aim was to evaluate the prospective efficacy of ZnO-NPs in treating DN in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were randomly dispersed into three sets: control group, DN group and DN + ZnO-NPs group. ZnO-NPs were given at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Urine and blood samples were processed for biochemical analyses. Kidney samples were managed for light and electron microscopy studies. Immune histochemical staining of P53, aquaporin11 (AQP11) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) were performed. Gene analyses of nephrin, podocin, beclin-1, LC3 and p62 were done. Administration of ZnO-NPs ameliorated the functional and histopathological alterations of the kidney in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. ZnO-NPs retained the constancy of the glomerular filtration barrier and restored almost normal renal structure. This was confirmed by upregulation of mRNA expression of podocyte markers (nephrin and podocin) and AQP11 immune histochemical expression in the renal tubules. The beneficial outcomes of ZnO-NPs might be attributed to activation of autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling pathway. ZnO-NPs enhanced beclin-1 and LC3 mRNA expressions and reduced p62 mRNA expression. ZnO-NPs also exerted anti-apoptotic potential (evidenced by the decrease in p53 immune expression), anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect [endorsed by suppression of serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme activity, tissue nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) level and blood hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α) level]. These results may point the way to an effective therapy of DN.Abbreviations: AQP11 Aquaporin11; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; DAB: 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine; DM: Diabetes mellitus; DN: Diabetic nephropathy; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; H&E: Hematoxylin & eosin; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factors; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; LC3: Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa beta; NPs: Nanoparticles; PAS: Periodic acid Schiff; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; STZ: Streptozotocin; X ± SEM: Mean ± standard error of means; Zn: Zinc; ZnO-NPs: Zinc oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A. Abd El-Baset
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, ZagazigEgypt
| | - Nehad F. Mazen
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, ZagazigEgypt
| | - Rehab S. Abdul-Maksoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, ZagazigEgypt
| | - Asmaa A. A. Kattaia
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, ZagazigEgypt,CONTACT Asmaa A. A. Kattaia ; ; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Asharquia, Egypt, Postal code: 44519
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10
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de Sousa LCM, Silva NR, Azeredo CM, Rinaldi AEM, da Silva LS. Health-related patterns and chronic kidney disease in the Brazilian population: National Health Survey, 2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1090196. [PMID: 37089474 PMCID: PMC10117670 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify patterns related to health and their association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Brazilian population. Methods We used data from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2019. Participants were interviewed and answered questions related to socioeconomic and demographic information (gender, age, education, race/color), health conditions (presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, overweight and CKD) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and food consumption). To identify patterns, we used exploratory factor analysis. We performed logistic regression models to describe the association of CKD with each pattern in crude models and adjusted for gender, age group, education level and race/color. Results A total of 90,846 individuals were evaluated. The prevalence of CKD was 1.49% (95% CI: 1.3-1.6). Three health-related patterns - metabolic factors, behavioral risk factors and behavioral protective factors - were identified by factor analysis. Metabolic factors were determined by the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Behavioral risk factors were determined by smoking, alcohol consumption, regular consumption of soft drinks, sweets and artificial juices, and high salt consumption. The protective behavioral factors were established by the practice of physical activity and regular consumption of vegetables and fruits. Participants of the highest tertile for metabolic factors were more likely to have CKD in the adjusted model (OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.69-4.85), when compared to those of the lower tertile. Conclusion The pattern referring to metabolic factors was associated with a higher chance of presenting CKD.
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Yosri H, El-Kashef DH, El-Sherbiny M, Said E, Salem HA. Calycosin modulates NLRP3 and TXNIP-mediated pyroptotic signaling and attenuates diabetic nephropathy progression in diabetic rats; An insight. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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12
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Xu Z, Zhang M, Wang Y, Chen R, Xu S, Sun X, Yang Y, Lin Z, Wang S, Huang H. Gentiopicroside Ameliorates Diabetic Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis via Inhibiting the AT1R/CK2/NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848915. [PMID: 35814242 PMCID: PMC9260113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), characterized by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells, is the typical pathological alteration in diabetic nephropathy. Gentiopicroside (GPS), a natural compound with anti-inflammatory activity, has been demonstrated to alleviate glomerulosclerosis, whereas whether GPS inhibits TIF via regulating inflammation remains unclear. In this study, diabetic db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were applied to explore the effects and mechanisms of GPS on TIF. The results in vivo showed that GPS effectively improves glycolipid metabolism disorder, renal dysfunction, and TIF. In particular, GPS treatment reversed the abnormal expressions of EMT marker proteins including elevated α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin and decreased E-cadherin in the kidney of db/db mice. Moreover, GPS treatment also inhibited protein expressions of angiotensinⅡ type 1 receptor (AT1R) and CK2α and the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, the aforementioned effects of GPS acted in vivo were further observed in vitro in HG-stimulated NRK-52E cells, which were independent of its effects on glucose and lipid-lowering activity but were reversed by AT1R over-expression. Together, our results indicate that GPS that directly inhibits the CK2/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway via AT1R may also contribute to the amelioration of TIF in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Xu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyue Xu, ; Shaogui Wang, ; Heqing Huang,
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyuan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaogui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyue Xu, ; Shaogui Wang, ; Heqing Huang,
| | - Heqing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyue Xu, ; Shaogui Wang, ; Heqing Huang,
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13
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Dağdeviren Çakır A, Saygılı SK, Canpolat N, Konukoğlu D, Turan H, Çalışkan S, Sever L, Ercan O, Evliyaoğlu O. Elevated Urinary VEGF-A, Transferrin, and Angiotensinogen Levels in Normoalbuminuric Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Can They Be Early Markers of Diabetic Kidney Disease? Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:426-432. [PMID: 34915504 DOI: 10.1159/000521447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that diabetic kidney disease (DKD) begins early, before albuminuria occurs. We therefore aimed to assess potential early urinary biomarkers of DKD in normoalbuminuric and normotensive children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to evaluate the relationship between these markers and clinical and laboratory risk factors for DKD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 75 children and adolescents with T1D (62% females, mean age 13.9 ± 3.2 years) with normoalbuminuria (an albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR] below 30 mg/g creatinine). Fifty-five age- and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents served as controls. For the assessment of early DKD, urinary levels of angiotensinogen (AGT), transferrin, nephrin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured in adequately collected 24-h urine samples using enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS The mean disease duration was 7.3 ± 3.2 (range 2.1-15.7) years, and the mean HbA1c level was 8.8 ± 1.4%. The median levels of urine VEGF-A/Cr, AGT/Cr, and transferrin/Cr were significantly higher in normoalbuminuric patients with T1D, compared with those of controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, and p = 0.001, respectively), but there was no difference in nephrin/Cr and KIM-1/Cr between the 2 groups. Although none of the patients had albuminuria, the median level of urine ACR was significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.003). The ACR was positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Urinary transferrin/Cr, AGT/Cr, and VEGF-A/Cr were significantly correlated with ACR, but not with either GFR or diabetic risk factors including HbA1c or disease duration. CONCLUSION Normoalbuminuric and normotensive children and adolescents with T1D have elevated urinary VEGF, AGT, and transferrin levels, which may indicate the development of DKD before albuminuria occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydilek Dağdeviren Çakır
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Sişli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seha Kamil Saygılı
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Canpolat
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salim Çalışkan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lale Sever
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Ercan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Evliyaoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Singh M, Kapoor A, Bhatnagar A. Physiological and Pathological Roles of Aldose Reductase. Metabolites 2021; 11:655. [PMID: 34677370 PMCID: PMC8541668 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the first step in the polyol pathway which converts glucose to sorbitol. Under normal glucose homeostasis the pathway represents a minor route of glucose metabolism that operates in parallel with glycolysis. However, during hyperglycemia the flux of glucose via the polyol pathway increases significantly, leading to excessive formation of sorbitol. The polyol pathway-driven accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol has been implicated in the development of secondary diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Based on the notion that inhibition of AR could prevent these complications a range of AR inhibitors have been developed and tested; however, their clinical efficacy has been found to be marginal at best. Moreover, recent work has shown that AR participates in the detoxification of aldehydes that are derived from lipid peroxidation and their glutathione conjugates. Although in some contexts this antioxidant function of AR helps protect against tissue injury and dysfunction, the metabolic transformation of the glutathione conjugates of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes could also lead to the generation of reactive metabolites that can stimulate mitogenic or inflammatory signaling events. Thus, inhibition of AR could have both salutary and injurious outcomes. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence suggests that inhibition of AR could modify the effects of cardiovascular disease, asthma, neuropathy, sepsis, and cancer; therefore, additional work is required to selectively target AR inhibitors to specific disease states. Despite past challenges, we opine that a more gainful consideration of therapeutic modulation of AR activity awaits clearer identification of the specific role(s) of the AR enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aniruddh Kapoor
- Internal Medicine—Critical Care, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA;
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
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15
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Yu Z, Zhang W, Li B, Bao P, Wang F, Sun J, Song G, Yin L, Nan Z. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine for diabetic nephropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27087. [PMID: 34477143 PMCID: PMC8416003 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications in the development of diabetes mellitus, which has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. With the prevalence of diabetes, the number of patients at risk for developing DN is increasing, with 20-40 percent of all patients with diabetes at risk for developing DN. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine treatments are often combined to treat DN; however, there has been no meta-analysis on their synergistic effects. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for DN treatment. METHODS Nine electronic databases were retrieved for this study. The English databases mainly retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, and the Cochrane Library, while the CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases were used to retrieve the Chinese literature. There is no definite time limit for the retrieval literature, and the languages are limited to Chinese and English. We will consider articles published between database initiation and August 2021. We used Review Manager 5.4, provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. Clinical randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for DN were included in this study. Research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments were independently completed by two researchers. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome measures. RESULTS This study provides a high-quality synthesis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for treating DN. CONCLUSION This systematic review will provide evidence to determine whether acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine is an effective and safe intervention for patients with DN. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol of the systematic review does not require ethical approval because it does not involve humans. This article will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202180018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Yu
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Formulas of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Borui Li
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Pengjie Bao
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jian Sun
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Guojiao Song
- Gynecology of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jilin Province
| | - Lu Yin
- Gynecology of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Medical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zheng Nan
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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16
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Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Regulates Autophagy through Degradation of Advanced Glycation End Products via mTOR/S6K1/LC3 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9942678. [PMID: 34408785 PMCID: PMC8367537 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9942678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Yiqi Huoxue recipe can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but its treatment mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanism. Methods All rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urine protein, urine microprotein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and lipoprotein were analyzed. HE, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to detect the severity of pathological changes in kidneys. The level of advanced glycation end products was assessed by the ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to check the expressions of podocin and nephrin. The expression levels of mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway-related proteins and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly elevated body weight and significantly decreased kidney weight and kidney index. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly affected the levels of biochemical indicators in diabetic nephropathy and showed a regulatory effect on kidney damage and lipid metabolism disorders. ELISA showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly reduced the level of advanced glycation end products. The expressions of nephrin and podocin increased significantly, depending on the dosage of Yiqi Huoxue recipe. Additionally, Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulated the expression levels of p-AKT, mTOR, S6K1, and LC3. Conclusion Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulates podocyte autophagy to promote the degradation of advanced glycation end products through mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway. It has a certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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17
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Sheng L, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:598910. [PMID: 33574751 PMCID: PMC7870700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and the major cause of renal failure among patients on hemodialysis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that transient activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is required for promoting kidney recovery from acute injury whereas its persistent activation is involved in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases including DKD. EGFR-mediated pathogenesis of DKD is involved in hemodynamic alteration, metabolic disturbance, inflammatory response and parenchymal cellular dysfunction. Therapeutic intervention of this receptor has been available in the oncology setting. Targeting EGFR might also hold a therapeutic potential for DKD. Here we review the functional role of EGFR in the development of DKD, mechanisms involved and the perspective about use of EGFR inhibitors as a treatment for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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18
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Ni Z, Lin X, Wen Q, Kintoko, Zhang S, Huang J, Xu X, Huang R. WITHDRAWN: Effect of 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-diene-1, 4-dione, isolated from Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) roots, on advanced glycation end-product-mediated renal injury in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice. Toxicol Lett 2021; 339:88-96. [PMID: 33423876 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published in [Toxicology Letters, 339C (2021) 88–96], https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.022. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.
The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Qingwei Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Kintoko
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Jianchun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
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19
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Roy A, Maiti A, Sinha A, Baidya A, Basu AK, Sarkar D, Sanyal D, Biswas D, Maisnam I, Pandit K, Raychaudhuri M, Sengupta N, Chakraborty PP, Mukhopadhyay P, Raychaudhuri P, Sahana PK, Chatterjee P, Bhattacharjee R, Dasgupta R, Saraogi RK, Pal SK, Mukhopadhyay S, Mukhopadhyay S, Goswami S, Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Consensus Statement. Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:2791-2827. [PMID: 33025397 PMCID: PMC7644753 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in approximately 20-40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with DKD have a higher risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and antihyperglycemic drugs form the mainstay of DKD management and aim to restrict progression to more severe stages of DKD. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) control hyperglycemia by blocking renal glucose reabsorption in addition to preventing inflammation, thereby improving endothelial function and reducing oxidative stress; consequently, this class of prescription medicines is emerging as an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME, DECLARE TIMI 58, and CANVAS trials demonstrated the renoprotective effects of SGLT2i, such as restricting decline in glomerular filtration rate, in the progression of albuminuria, and in death due to renal causes. The renoprotection provided by SGLT2i was further confirmed in the CREDENCE study, which showed a 30% reduction in progression of chronic kidney disease, and in the DELIGHT study, which demonstrated a reduction in albuminuria with dapagliflozin compared with placebo (- 21.0%, confidence interval [CI] - 34.1 to - 5.2, p = 0.011). Furthermore, a meta-analysis demonstrated a reduced risk of dialysis, transplantation, or death due to kidney disease (relative risk 0.67; 95% CI 0.52-0.86; p = 0.0019) and a 45% risk reduction in worsening of renal function, end-stage renal disease, or renal death (hazard ratio 0.55, CI 0.48-0.64, p < 0.0001) with SGLT2i, irrespective of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate. Thus, there is emerging evidence that SGLT2i may be used to curb the mortality and improve the quality of life in patients with DKD. However, clinicians need to effectively select candidates for SGLT2i therapy. In this consensus statement, we have qualitatively synthesized evidence demonstrating the renal effects of SGLT2i and proposed recommendations for optimal use of SGLT2i to effectively manage and delay progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajitesh Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Animesh Maiti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Arjun Baidya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Asish Kumar Basu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Debmalya Sanyal
- Department of Endocrinology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibakar Biswas
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Indira Maisnam
- Department of Endocrinology, RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Pandit
- Department of Endocrinology, Belle Vue Clinic, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Moutusi Raychaudhuri
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Child Health, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Sengupta
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Pratim Chakraborty
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Pranab Kumar Sahana
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Rana Bhattacharjee
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranen Dasgupta
- Rittik Clinic & Laboratory, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Salil Kumar Pal
- Department of Medicine, Calcutta National Medical College, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Soumik Goswami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
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20
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Ibrahim AAS, Morsy MM, Abouhashem SE, Aly O, Sabbah NA, Raafat N. Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their culture medium in alleviating kidney injury in rats diabetic nephropathy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is considered as one of the most serious complications resulting from diabetes mellitus and end-stage of renal failure globally. Up to 40% of diabetic patients will develop DN. The involvement of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in diabetic renal lesions management has been established in many animal models of DN. The aim is to evaluate the capability of MSCs and their culture medium (CM) to alleviate DN in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Female albino rats were made diabetic and were further categorized into 4 subgroups of 15 each: DN group, DN group received fibroblasts, MSCs group received one dose of 1 × 106 cells of MSCs, and CM group received one dose of 500 μl of CM. In all groups, the treatment was delivered by intravenous injection (IV) into the tail vein.
Results
MSCs insinuated themselves into the injured kidney as detected by CD44 expression. Biochemical and histological results showed that MSCs and/or CM effectively attenuated DN manifestations in rat model through their possible anti-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 were decreased), anti-apoptotic (Bcl2 was increased while Bax and caspases were decreased), and anti-oxidant role (malondialdehyde was decreased while glutathione and catalase were increased).
Conclusion
These results provide a potential therapeutic tool for DN management through the administration of the CM from MSCs that ameliorates the effects of diabetes. It is also possible to treat DN using CM alone thus avoiding cell transplantation.
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21
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Xie L, Zhai R, Chen T, Gao C, Xue R, Wang N, Wang J, Xu Y, Gui D. Panax Notoginseng Ameliorates Podocyte EMT by Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:527-538. [PMID: 32103895 PMCID: PMC7008200 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s235491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) may contribute to podocyte dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Aiming to identify novel therapeutic options, we investigated the protective effects of Panax notoginseng (PN) on podocyte EMT in diabetic rats and explored its mechanisms. Methods Diabetes was induced in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection at 55 mg/kg. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely, diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with beraprost sodium (BPS) at 0.6 mg/kg/d or PN at 0.4 g/kg/d p.o., for 12 weeks. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), biochemical parameters, renal histopathology, and podocyte morphological changes were evaluated. Protein expression of EMT markers (desmin, α-SMA, and nephrin) as well as components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (wnt1, β-catenin, and snail) was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Results In diabetic rats, severe hyperglycemia and albuminuria were detected. Moreover, mesangial expansion and podocyte foot process effacement were found markedly increased in diabetic kidneys. Increased protein expression of wnt1, β-catenin, snail, desmin, and α-SMA, as well as decreased protein expression of nephrin was detected in diabetic kidneys. All these abnormalities found in DN rats were partially restored by PN treatment. Conclusion PN ameliorated albuminuria and podocyte EMT in diabetic rats partly through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings provide experimental arguments for a novel therapeutic option in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongting Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Pérez-López L, Boronat M, Melián C, Brito-Casillas Y, Wägner AM. Animal Models and Renal Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1307:521-551. [PMID: 32329028 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the first cause of end stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Animal models of the disease can shed light on the pathogenesis of the diabetic nephropathy (DN) and novel and earlier biomarkers of the condition may help to improve diagnosis and prognosis. This review summarizes the most important features of animal models used in the study of DN and updates the most recent progress in biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-López
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mauro Boronat
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlos Melián
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Yeray Brito-Casillas
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana M Wägner
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Makary S, Abdo M, Hassan WA, Tawfik MK. Angiotensin blockade attenuates diabetic nephropathy in hypogonadal adult male rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:708-720. [PMID: 30970225 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (0.5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan (30 mg/kg) against streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in hypogonadal (HG) rats for 12 weeks. First, we tested the HG effect on hormone levels, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in nondiabetic (ND) and diabetic (D) rats. HG was induced with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix (0.71 mg/kg). Diabetes enhanced hormonal hypogonadism and increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Next, experiments examined the effect of early letrozole and valsartan intervention on DN in HG rats. HG-ND and HG-D rats were treated with letrozole alone or in combination with valsartan. HG-D rats developed proteinuria and had increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and histopathological evidence of renal injury, including glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial expansion. Valsartan alone or in combination with letrozole reduced proteinuria, improved renal functions, and reduced diabetes-induced renal angiotensin II. Both agents ameliorated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. The combination decreased superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase levels, and prevented glomerular hypertrophy. In HG-D rats, valsartan reduced renal collagen IV and transforming growth factor-beta 1, especially when the testosterone level was corrected by letrozole. Thus, normalizing testosterone and inhibiting renal angiotensin II have a renoprotective effect against DN in HG male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Makary
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdo Hassan
- b Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,c Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi College of Medicine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona K Tawfik
- d Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Moço A, Stuijk S, de Haan G. Posture effects on the calibratability of remote pulse oximetry in visible light. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:035005. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Sankrityayan H, Kulkarni YA, Gaikwad AB. Diabetic nephropathy: The regulatory interplay between epigenetics and microRNAs. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:574-585. [PMID: 30695734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease despite the emergence of different therapies to counter the metabolic, hemodynamic and fibrotic pathways, implicating a prominent role of genetic and epigenetic factors in its progression. Epigenetics is the study of changes in the expression of genes which may be inheritable and does not involve a change in the genome sequence. Thrust areas of epigenetic research are DNA methylation and histone modifications. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) control the expression of genes via post-transcriptional mechanisms. However, the regulation by epigenetic mechanisms and miRNAs are not completely distinct. A number of emerging reports have revealed the interplay between epigenetic machinery and miRNA expression, particularly in cancer. Further research has proved that a feedback loop exists between miRNA expression and epigenetic regulation in disorders including DN. Studies showed that different miRNAs (miR-200, miR-29 etc.) were found to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms viz. DNA methylation and histone modifications. Conversely, miRNAs (miR-301, miR-449 etc.) themselves modulated levels of DNA methyltranferases (DNMTs) and Histone deacetylases (HDACs), enzymes vital to epigenetic modifications. With already few FDA approved epigenetic -modulating drugs (Vorinostat, Decitabine) in the market and miRNA therapeutic drugs under clinical trial it becomes imperative to analyze the possible interaction between the two classes of drugs in the modulation of a disease process. The purpose of this review is to articulate the interplay between miRNA expression and epigenetic modifications with a particular focus on its impact on the development and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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26
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Sakolish CM, Philip B, Mahler GJ. A human proximal tubule-on-a-chip to study renal disease and toxicity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014107. [PMID: 30867877 PMCID: PMC6404920 DOI: 10.1063/1.5083138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal disease is a global problem with unsustainable health-care costs. There currently exists a lack of accurate human renal disease models that take into account the complex microenvironment of these tissues. Here, we present a reusable microfluidic model of the human proximal tubule and glomerulus, which allows for the growth of renal epithelial cells in a variety of conditions that are representative of renal disease states including altered glomerular filtration rate, hyperglycemia, nephrolithiasis, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity (cisplatin and cyclosporine). Cells were exposed to these conditions under fluid flow or in traditional static cultures to determine the effects of a dynamic microenvironment on the pathogenesis of these renal disease states. The results indicate varying stress-related responses (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, fibronectin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin secretion) to each of these conditions when comparing cells that had been grown in static and dynamic conditions, potentially indicating more realistic and sensitive predictions of human responses and a requirement for a more complex "fit for purpose" model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Philip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J. Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: (607) 777-5238
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27
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Akankwasa G, Jianhua L, Guixue C, Changjuan A, Xiaosong Q. Urine markers of podocyte dysfunction: a review of podocalyxin and nephrin in selected glomerular diseases. Biomark Med 2018; 12:927-935. [PMID: 29976076 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary podocalyxin and nephrin are urine markers of podocyte dysfunction that may reflect the integrity of kidney's filtration barrier. Studies on their respective roles in glomerular diseases are still underway. However, the isolated and unsystematic manner in which they are being studied does not permit proper identification of their roles in each glomerular disease. As such, there is little or no appreciation of what research has already achieved and what remains to be achieved as the research direction is not clearly defined. We explored the recent studies and outlined the major findings regarding the value of both biomarkers in each of the three glomerular disease entities. Our review covered diabetic nephropathy, membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Akankwasa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Liu Jianhua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Cheng Guixue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - An Changjuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Qin Xiaosong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
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28
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Wang L, Liu Z, Chen Z, Huang C, Liu X, Chen C, Liu X, Huang J, Liu L, Lin D. Metabonomic analysis of the therapeutic effect of exendin-4 for the treatment of tBHP-induced injury in mouse glomerulus mesangial cells. Free Radic Res 2018. [PMID: 29526117 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1449948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have reported the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in diabetes nephropathy, the molecular mechanism such as nephroprotection remains elusive. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of exendin-4 as an GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced injury in mouse glomerulus mesangial cells (SV40 MES 13 cells) via an NMR-based metabonomic analysis. We found that exendin-4 protected mesangial cells from t-BHP-mediated toxicity, decreased the percentage of t-BHP-treated cells undergoing apoptosis, and restored glucose consumption in the t-BHP-treated group. A supervised partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that the metabolic profiles could be distinguished between the control, t-BHP-treated, and exendin-4-pretreated groups. Our findings indicate that exendin-4 pretreatment can cause distinct changes in energy, glycerol phospholipid, and amino acid metabolism. Our study provides novel insight into the metabolic mechanism of exendin-4-mediated nephroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Wang
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Geriatrics , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- b Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Zhou Chen
- c Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Caihua Huang
- d Exercise and Health Laboratory , Xiamen University of Technology , Xiamen , China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Geriatrics , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Can Chen
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Geriatrics , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Geriatrics , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jingze Huang
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Geriatrics , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Libin Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Geriatrics , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Donghai Lin
- b Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
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29
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Abou-Hany HO, Atef H, Said E, Elkashef HA, Salem HA. Crocin mediated amelioration of oxidative burden and inflammatory cascade suppresses diabetic nephropathy progression in diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:90-100. [PMID: 29409856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Persistently elevated blood glucose level drives histopathological changes in renal tissues that hinder normal kidney functions. In the current study, crocin; the main bioactive constituent of Crocus sativus was investigated as a reno-protective agent against DN by virtue of its numerous pharmacological activities. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawely rats through intravenous injection of streptozocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg), DN was confirmed eight weeks post diabetes induction. Daily oral crocin for eight weeks (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose level with a significant increase in insulin level. Moreover, crocin improved impaired kidney functions as manifested in reduction of serum creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen and proteinuria with concomitant increase in urinary creatinine clearance. Furthermore, biomarkers of cell injury and tissue necrosis like LDH activity was significantly reduced, kidney content of NOS significantly declined likewise. In addition, renal antioxidants such as SOD, GSH and serum catalase activity significantly increased with concomitant reduction of kidney MDA; biomarker of oxidative load. Kidney content of toll-like receptors 4 and IL-6 significantly declined with simultaneous suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB/p65) protein expression and immuno-staining in rat renal cortex. Furthermore, crocin inhibited progression of renal fibrosis as seen with reduction of renal hydroxyproline and collagen content, TGF-β immuno-staining and Masson's Trichrome positive tissue. Histopathologically, crocin pretreatment was associated with minimal renal damage with fewer fibrotic lesions. There was a concomitant restoration of renal tubules integrity with preservation of glomerular space area. In conclusion, crocin's ameliorative impact on DN may be attributed to its free radicals scavenging properties, its ability to enhance host antioxidant defense system and its ability to inhibit inflammatory and fibrotic cascades activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer O Abou-Hany
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Sciences and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hoda Atef
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University,Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A Elkashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University,Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Sciences and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University,Mansoura, Egypt
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30
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Yang D, Livingston MJ, Liu Z, Dong G, Zhang M, Chen JK, Dong Z. Autophagy in diabetic kidney disease: regulation, pathological role and therapeutic potential. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:669-688. [PMID: 28871310 PMCID: PMC5771948 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease, a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, has become a serious public health problem worldwide and lacks effective therapies. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that removes protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. As important stress-responsive machinery, autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Emerging evidence has suggested that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to both glomerular and tubulointerstitial pathologies in kidneys under diabetic conditions. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease and highlights the regulation of autophagy by the nutrient-sensing pathways and intracellular stress signaling in this disease. The advances in our understanding of autophagy in diabetic kidney disease will facilitate the discovery of a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of this life-threatening diabetes complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Man J Livingston
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guie Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Nara M, Komatsuda A, Numakura K, Saito M, Inoue T, Niioka T, Miura M, Mitobe Y, Okuyama S, Takahashi N, Habuchi T, Satoh S. Quantification of Interstitial Fibrosis in Renal Allografts and Clinical Correlates of Long-Term Graft Function. Am J Nephrol 2017; 46:187-194. [PMID: 28848141 DOI: 10.1159/000479983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated interstitial fibrosis (IF) in 144 kidney recipients 0 h and 1 year post transplantation and assessed relationships with Banff code scores, clinical parameters, and long-term graft function. METHODS A quantitative analysis of IF was performed using the computer-assisted imaging of Sirius red-stained biopsy samples. Percent IF (%IF) in the cortical region was assessed at 0 h and 1 year, and an increase in the ratio of %IF from 0 h to 1 year was calculated. The relationship between %IF and Banff code scores was analyzed. Demographics and trough concentrations of tacrolimus were tested as risk factors in the top 20 patients with increases in %IF. The influence of increases in the ratio of %IF at 1 year on long-term graft function and survival was also assessed in these 20 patients. RESULTS Median %IF at 0 h and 1 year were 1.55 and 2.80%, respectively. No correlation was found between %IF and Banff code scores. The mean increase in the ratio of %IF from 0 h to 1 year was 4.31-fold. The increase in %IF in the top 20 patients correlated with diabetes mellitus. Graft function, but not graft survival, was lower in the top 20 patients for 10 years post transplantation. CONCLUSIONS A correlation was not found between %IF and Banff code scores. Greater increases in %IF within 1 year post transplantation may influence long-term graft survival. Computer-analyzed increases in %IF at 1 year may be a surrogate marker for long-term graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Nara
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Kandemir FM, Ozkaraca M, Küçükler S, Caglayan C, Hanedan B. Preventive effects of hesperidin on diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin via modulating TGF-β1 and oxidative DNA damage. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1364268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Basak Hanedan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wang YQ, Fan CC, Chen BP, Shi J. Resistin-Like Molecule Beta (RELM-β) Regulates Proliferation of Human Diabetic Nephropathy Mesangial Cells via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3897-3903. [PMID: 28801998 PMCID: PMC5565234 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistin-like molecule beta (RELM-β) has been reported to be associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the role of RELM-β in DN is poorly understood. This study was conducted to delineate the underlying mechanisms of action and to investigate the role of RELM-β in the primitive development of DN via MAPK signaling pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lentivirus-mediated vectors and RNAi technology were used to establish the model of RELM-β up-regulated and down-regulated expression in human mesangial cells (HMCs). The proliferation of HMCs was detected through CCK-8 method. The cell cycle and cell proliferation of HMCs was detected through flow cytometry. The MAPKs pathway protein activity was detected through Western blotting. RESULTS The HMCs with up-regulated and down-regulated expression of RELM-β increased or decreased significantly at 2-3 days. The HMCs with high glucose intervention reversed the proliferation inhibition. The HMCs with exogenous glucose or RELM-β protein intervention partially reversed the cell cycle inhibition. Among the MAPKs pathway, the phosphorylation activity of p38MAPK and JNK increased or decreased and ERK1/2 did not change in the overexpression or inhibition of RELM-β. The p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB202190 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HMCs caused by overexpression of RELM-β. Up-regulated expression of RELM-b induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK in HMCs and promoted HMCs proliferation and participated in early DN through the MAPKs pathway. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that RELM-b is a potential molecular target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Ping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
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34
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Nan L, Huang M, Lai W, Jia R, Zheng Y, Yang L, Xie Q, Peng W. Impacts of the serum containing total flavonoids of Ajuga on rat glomerular mesangial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4895-4902. [PMID: 28791415 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the impacts and possible mechanisms of total flavonoids of Ajuga (TFA) on glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) through in vitro observations of the impacts of TFA‑containing serum on GMC proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‑induced rats. Rat GMC was cultured in vitro, using LPS to stimulate the proliferation of GMC and the secretion of ECM; meanwhile, TFA‑containing serum (TFA‑S) was used for the intervention. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to test the proliferation of GMC; enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expressions of fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (Col‑IV) in cell supernatant, flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell cycle, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‑9) mRNA and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) mRNA. The GMC proliferation and the expressions of FN and Col‑IV in cell supernatant were significantly reduced after 24 and 48 h TFA‑S intervention (P<0.05 or 0.01). A total of 48 h subsequent to the intervention, the proportion of GMC in the G1 phase and the relative expression of MMP‑9 mRNA were significantly increased (P<0.05 or 0.01), however the proportion of GMC in S phase and the relative expression of TGF‑β1 mRNA were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or 0.01). TFA‑S can inhibit LPS‑induced GMC proliferation and ECM accumulation, and its roles are associated with regulating the cell cycle and the expression levels of TGF‑β1 and MMP‑9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Nan
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Lai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Ru Jia
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Xie
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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Lioudaki E, Whyte M, Androulakis ES, Stylianou KG, Daphnis EK, Ganotakis ES. Renal Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Other Anti-diabetic Drugs: Clinical Relevance and Potential Risks. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:470-480. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Lioudaki
- Renal Unit; Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust; London UK
- Department of Nephrology; University Hospital of Heraklion; Greece
| | - M Whyte
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine; University of Surrey; Department of Medicine King's College Hospital
| | - ES Androulakis
- Cardiology Department; St George's University Hospital NHS; London UK
| | - KG Stylianou
- Department of Nephrology; University Hospital of Heraklion; Greece
| | - EK Daphnis
- Department of Nephrology; University Hospital of Heraklion; Greece
| | - ES Ganotakis
- Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital of Heraklion; Greece
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Yadav AK, Sinha N, Kumar V, Bhansali A, Dutta P, Jha V. Association of CTG repeat polymorphism in carnosine dipeptidase 1 ( CNDP1) gene with diabetic nephropathy in north Indians. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:32-37. [PMID: 27834323 PMCID: PMC5116895 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.193280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES CNDP1 gene, present on chromosome 18q22.3-23, encodes carnosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hydrolysis of carnosine to ß-alanine and L-histidine. Linkage of CTG trinucleotide (leucine) repeat polymorphism in CNDP1 gene with diabetic nephropathy has been observed in several populations. However, this association is conflicting and population-dependent. We investigated this association in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without nephropathy in north India. METHODS A total of 564 individuals [199 T2DM without nephropathy (DM), 185 T2DM with nephropathy (DN) and 180 healthy individuals (HC)] were enrolled. CNDP1 CTG repeat analysis was done by direct sequencing of a 377 base pair fragment in exon 2. RESULTS The most frequent leucine (L) repeats were 5L-5L, 6L-5L and 6L-6L. 5L-5L genotype frequency was reduced in DN (24.3%) as compared to DM (34.7%, P=0.035) and HC (38.4%, P=0.005). Similarly, 5L allele frequency was lower in DN (46.8%) as compared to DM (57.3%, P=0.004) and HC (60.5%, P<0.001). The genotype and allelic frequencies were similar in DM and HC groups. No gender specific difference was observed in the genotype or allelic frequencies between groups. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy individuals and those with diabetes but no kidney disease, patients with diabetic nephropathy exhibited lower frequencies of 5L-5L genotype and 5L allele of CNDP1 gene, suggesting that this allele might confer protection against development of kidney disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Yadav
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nisha Sinha
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh; George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
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Campion CG, Sanchez-Ferras O, Batchu SN. Potential Role of Serum and Urinary Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2017; 4:2054358117705371. [PMID: 28616250 PMCID: PMC5461910 DOI: 10.1177/2054358117705371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by alterations in kidney architecture and function, and constitutes one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The purpose of this review is to summarize the state of the art of the DN-biomarker field with a focus on the new strategies that enhance the sensitivity of biomarkers to predict patients who will develop DN or are at risk of progressing to ESRD. OBJECTIVE In this review, we provide a description of the pathophysiology of DN and propose a panel of novel putative biomarkers associated with DN pathophysiology that have been increasingly investigated for diagnosis, to predict disease progression or to provide efficient personal treatment. METHODS We performed a review of the literature with PubMed and Google Scholar to collect baseline data about the pathophysiology of DN and biomarkers associated. We focused our research on new and emerging biomarkers of DN. KEY FINDINGS In this review, we summarized the critical signaling pathways and biological processes involved in DN and highlighted the pathogenic mediators of this disease. We next proposed a large review of the major advances that have been made in identifying new biomarkers which are more sensitive and reliable compared with currently used biomarkers. This includes information about emergent biomarkers such as functional noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, exosomes, and microparticles. LIMITATIONS Despite intensive strategies and constant investigation, no current single treatment has been able to reverse or at least mitigate the progression of DN, or reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Major difficulties probably come from the renal disease being heterogeneous among the patients. IMPLICATIONS Expanding the proteomics screening, including oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, along with metabolomics approaches may further improve the prognostic value and help in identifying the patients with diabetes who are at high risk of developing kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole G. Campion
- Centre de recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Québec, Canada
| | - Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sri N. Batchu
- St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hernández-Hernández ME, Morales-Romero J, Sampieri CL, Luna Lozano DJ, Valencia Lezama IDC, Muñoz Contreras MJ, Rodríguez Hernández A. Association of Urinary Activity of MMP-2 with Microalbuminuria in an Isolated Sample of Subjects Living in High Altitude Rural Locations in México. High Alt Med Biol 2017; 18:209-218. [PMID: 28459597 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2016.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hernández-Hernández, Magda Elena, Jaime Morales-Romero, Clara Luz Sampieri, Diego Jesús Luna Lozano, Isidra del Carmen Valencia Lezama, Mónica Janett Muñoz Contreras, and Arturo Rodríguez Hernández. Association of urinary activity of MMP-2 with microalbuminuria in an isolated sample of subjects living in high altitude rural locations in México. High Alt Med Biol. 18:209-218, 2017.-Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are implicated in remodeling of the renal extracellular matrix. In a cross-sectional study we evaluated renal impairment in general population of high-altitude rural locations in México. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 and microalbuminuria. Twenty-eight (20.9%) subjects with renal impairment (WRI) and 106 (79.1%) without renal impairment were included. No differences were found relating to sex, location, marital status, current habits, weight, height, body mass index, waist size in males, creatinine in males, and uric acid. In contrast, differences were found among age, level of education, waist size in general and in females, creatinine in general and in females, urinary albumin, urea, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Proportions of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, central abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia were greater in the group WRI. Presence of urinary MMP-2 or of both urinary gelatinases and arbitrary unit (AU) values ≥P90 were associated with microalbuminuria. We conclude that AU values ≥P90 of urinary MMP-2 (OR = 20.1, p = 0.002) is associated with microalbuminuria.
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Abd El Motteleb DM, Abd El Aleem DI. Renoprotective effect ofHypericum perforatumagainst diabetic nephropathy in rats: Insights in the underlying mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:509-521. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalia I. Abd El Aleem
- Department of Medical Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic nephropathy, a major microvascular complication of diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, is characterized by prominent accumulation of extracellular matrix. The membrane microdomains caveolae, and their integral protein caveolin-1, play critical roles in the regulation of signal transduction. In this review we discuss current knowledge of the contribution of caveolin-1/caveolae to profibrotic signaling and the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, and assess its potential as a therapeutic target. RECENT FINDINGS Caveolin (cav)-1 is key to facilitating profibrotic signal transduction induced by several stimuli known to be pathogenic in diabetic nephropathy, including the most prominent factors hyperglycemia and angiotensin II. Phosphorylation of cav-1 on Y14 is an important regulator of these responses. In vivo studies support a pathogenic role for caveolae in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Targeting caveolin-1/caveolae would enable inhibition of multiple profibrotic pathways, representing a novel and potentially potent therapeutic option for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Van Krieken
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave E, T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave E, T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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Hamza AH, Al-Bishri WM, Damiati LA, Ahmed HH. Mesenchymal stem cells: a future experimental exploration for recession of diabetic nephropathy. Ren Fail 2016; 39:67-76. [PMID: 27774826 PMCID: PMC6014323 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1244080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progresses made in stem cell therapy offer an innovative approach and exhibit great potential for the repair of damaged organs and tissues. This study was conducted with a view to find the mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in the suppression of diabetes and experimentally-induced diabetic nephropathy. METHODS To realize this objective, diabetic and diabetic nephropathy subject groups that underwent MSC treatment were studied through numerous biochemistry and molecular genetics analyses. RESULTS The findings show that, relative to the control groups, the rats in the diabetic and diabetic nephropathy groups treated with stem cells infused with BM-MSCs showed a significant reversal in the levels of their insulin, glucose, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) serum, and advanced glycation end product (AGEP). Moreover, BM-MSC therapy was also found to have a definite positive effect on the kidney functions. In addition, it also corresponded with a significant decrease in the availability of certain growth factors, namely the fibroblast growth factor (FGF), the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). BM-MSC treatment also improved the levels of expression of monocyte chemoatractant-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) genes within kidney tissues. Lastly, the treatment recovered the organizational structure of the kidney and pancreas, a result demonstrated by a histopathological analysis. These results greatly coincide with those obtained through the biochemistry and molecular genetics analyses. CONCLUSION Treatment using BM-MSCs is determined to be definitely effective in cases of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal H Hamza
- a Biochemictry Department, Faculty of Science Al Faisalia , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.,b Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Women , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Widad M Al-Bishri
- a Biochemictry Department, Faculty of Science Al Faisalia , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila A Damiati
- c Biology Department, Faculty of Science , University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- d Hormones Department , National Research Centre , Dokki , Giza , Egypt
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Tripathi AS, Mazumder PM, Chandewar AV. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 27:57-62. [PMID: 26295204 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluates the possible mechanism of sildenafil citrate (SIL) for the attenuation of renal failure in diabetic nephropathic (DN) animals. METHODS Diabetic nephropathy was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and confirmed by assessing the blood and urine biochemical parameters on the 28th day of its induction. The selected DN animals were treated with glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) and SIL (2.5 mg/kg, p.o.) for a period of 6 weeks. Biochemical parameters in blood and urine were estimated after the 29th and 70th day of the protocol for the estimation of the effect of SIL. RESULT There were significant alterations in the blood and urine biochemical parameters in STZ-treated groups which confirmed DN. There was a significant decrease in the triglyceride level in the SIL-only-treated group on the 70th day of the protocol. The histopathology study also suggested that SIL treatment results in the improvement in the podocyte count in DN animals. CONCLUSIONS The present study concludes that SIL improves the renal function by decreasing the triglyceride level and improving the podocyte count in DN animals.
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Tang LQ, Ni WJ, Cai M, Ding HH, Liu S, Zhang ST. Renoprotective effects of berberine and its potential effect on the expression of β-arrestins and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in streptozocin-diabetic nephropathy rats. J Diabetes 2016; 8:693-700. [PMID: 26531813 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine has been shown to exert protective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanisms involved have not been fully characterized. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of berberine on the expression of β-arrestins, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in DN rat kidneys and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS To create the DN model, rats fed a high-fat and high-glucose diet were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, i.p.). Then, DN rats were either treated or not with berberine (50, 100, 200 mg/kg per day, i.g., 8 weeks). Periodic acid-Schiff staining was used to evaluate renal histopathological changes. Renal tissue levels of β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2 were determined by Western blot analysis, whereas immunohistochemistry was used to determine renal ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels. RESULTS Berberine (100, 200 mg/kg) ameliorated the histopathological changes in the diabetic kidney. Western blot analysis revealed significant increases in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels in the kidneys of DN rats, which were reversed by treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg berberine. In addition, berberine treatment (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) increased diabetic-induced decreases in β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2. CONCLUSIONS Berberine exhibited renoprotective effects in DN rats. The underlying molecular mechanisms may be associated with changes in the levels and regulation of β-arrestin expression, as well as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels in the rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Tang
- Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Jian Ni
- Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Ming Cai
- Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Hai-Hua Ding
- Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Shan-Tang Zhang
- Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
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Liu JY, Chen XX, Tang SCW, Sze SCW, Feng YB, Lee KF, Zhang KYB. Chinese medicines in the treatment of experimental diabetic nephropathy. Chin Med 2016; 11:6. [PMID: 26913057 PMCID: PMC4765093 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe micro vascular complication accompanying diabetes mellitus that affects millions of people worldwide. End-stage renal disease occurs in nearly half of all DN patients, resulting in large medical costs and lost productivity. The course of DN progression is complicated, and effective and safe therapeutic strategies are desired. While the complex nature of DN renders medicines with a single therapeutic target less efficacious, Chinese medicine, with its holistic view targeting the whole system of the patient, has exhibited efficacy for DN management. This review aims to describe the experimental evidence for Chinese medicines in DN management, with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms, and to discuss the combined use of herbs and drugs in DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sydney Chi-Wai Tang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Cho-Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kalin Yan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Huang JS, Lee YH, Chuang LY, Guh JY, Hwang JY. Cinnamaldehyde and nitric oxide attenuate advanced glycation end products-induced the Jak/STAT signaling in human renal tubular cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1028-38. [PMID: 25561392 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a major and a bioactive compound isolated from the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh. It possesses anti-diabetic properties in vitro and in vivo and has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. To explore whether cinnamaldehyde was linked to altered advanced glycation end products (AGE)-mediated diabetic nephropathy, the molecular mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde responsible for inhibition of AGE-reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in human renal proximal tubular cells were examined. We found that raising the ambient AGE concentration causes a dose-dependent decrease in NO generation. Cinnamaldehyde significantly reverses AGE-inhibited NO generation and induces high levels of cGMP synthesis and PKG activation. Treatments with cinnamaldehyde, the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, and the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 markedly attenuated AGE-inhibited NOS protein levels and NO generation. Moreover, AGE-induced the JAK2-STAT1/STAT3 activation, RAGE/p27(Kip1) /collagen IV protein levels, and cellular hypertrophy were reversed by cinnamaldehyde. The ability of cinnamaldehyde to suppress STAT activation was also verified by the observation that it significantly increased SCOS-3 protein level. These findings indicate for the first time that in the presence of cinnamaldehyde, the suppression of AGE-induced biological responses is probably mediated by inactivating the JAK2-STAT1/STAT3 cascade or activating the NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Shyang Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Peterson SB, Hart GW. New insights: A role for O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic complications. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:150-61. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1135102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Does glimepiride alter the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil citrate in diabetic nephropathy animals: investigating mechanism of interaction by molecular modeling studies. J Mol Model 2015; 21:276. [PMID: 26428531 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates possible drug interactions between glimepiride (GLIM) and sildenafil citrate (SIL) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathic (DN) animals and also postulates the possible mechanism of interaction based on molecular modeling studies. Diabetic nephropathy was induced by single dose of STZ (60 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and was confirmed by assessing blood and urine biochemical parameters 28 days after induction. Selected DN animals were used to explore the drug interaction between GLIM (0.5 mg kg(-1), p.o.) and SIL (2.5 mg kg(-1), p.o.) on the 29th and 70th day of the protocol. Possible drug interaction was assessed by evaluating the plasma drug concentration using HPLC-UV and changes in biochemical parameters in blood and urine were also determined. The mechanism of the interaction was postulated from the results of a molecular modeling study using the Maestro module of Schrodinger software. DN was confirmed as there was significant alteration in blood and urine biochemical parameters in STZ-treated groups. The concentration of SIL increased significantly (P < 0.001) in rat plasma when co-administered with GLIM on the 70th day of the protocol. Molecular modeling revealed important interactions with rat serum albumin and CYP2C9. GLIM has a strong hydrophobic interaction with binding site residues of rat serum albumin compared to SIL, whereas for CYP2C9, GLIM forms a stronger hydrogen bond than SIL with polar contacts and hydrophobic interactions. The present study concludes that bioavailability of SIL increases when co-administered chronically with GLIM in the management of DN animals, and the mechanism is supported by molecular modeling studies.
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Subathra M, Korrapati M, Howell LA, Arthur JM, Shayman JA, Schnellmann RG, Siskind LJ. Kidney glycosphingolipids are elevated early in diabetic nephropathy and mediate hypertrophy of mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F204-15. [PMID: 26041445 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00150.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) play a role in insulin resistance and diabetes, but their role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has received limited attention. We used 9- and 17-wk-old nondiabetic db/m and diabetic db/db mice to examine the role of GSLs in DN. Cerebrosides or monoglycosylated GSLs [hexosylceramides (HexCers); glucosyl- and galactosylceramides] and lactosylceramide (LacCers) were elevated in db/db mouse kidney cortices, specifically in glomeruli, and also in urine. In our recent paper (25), we observed that the kidneys exhibited glomerular hypertrophy and proximal tubular vacuolization and increased fibrosis markers at these time points. Mesangial cells contribute to hyperglycemia-induced glomerular hypertrophy in DN. Hyperglycemic culture conditions, similar to that present in diabetes, were sufficient to elevate mesangial cell HexCers and increase markers of fibrosis, extracellular matrix proteins, and cellular hypertrophy. Inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase or lowering glucose levels decreased markers of fibrosis and extracellular matrix proteins and reversed mesangial cell hypertrophy. Hyperglycemia increased phosphorylated (p)SMAD3 and pAkt levels and reduced phosphatase and tensin homolog levels, which were reversed with glucosylceramide synthase inhibition. These data suggest that inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase reversed mesangial cell hypertrophy through decreased pAkt and pSmad3 and increased pathways responsible for protein degradation. Importantly, urinary GSL levels were higher in patients with DN compared with healthy control subjects, implicating a role for these lipids in human DN. Thus, hyperglycemia in type II diabetes leads to renal dysfunction at least in part by inducing accumulation of HexCers and LacCers in mesangial cells, resulting in fibrosis, extracellular matrix production, and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Subathra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Midhun Korrapati
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lauren A Howell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - John M Arthur
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James A Shayman
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). About 20%-30% of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes develop DN. DN is characterized by both glomerulosclerosis with thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangial matrix expansion, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Hyperglycemia and the activation of the intra-renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in diabetes have been suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of DN. However, the mechanisms are not well known. Studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the transcription factor-upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) is an important regulator of DN. Moreover, the renin gene is a downstream target of USF2. Importantly, USF2 transgenic (Tg) mice demonstrate a specific increase in renal renin expression and angiotensin II (AngII) levels in kidney and exhibit increased urinary albumin excretion and extracellular matrix deposition in glomeruli, supporting a role for USF2 in the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we summarize our findings of the mechanisms by which diabetes regulates USF2 in kidney cells and its role in regulation of renal renin-angiotensin system and the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Ni WJ, Tang LQ, Wei W. Research progress in signalling pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:221-33. [PMID: 24898554 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, a lethal diabetic complication, is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, which is pathologically characterized by thickened tubular basal and glomerular membranes, accumulated extracellular matrix, and progressive mesangial hypertrophy. Growing evidence indicates that diabetic nephropathy is induced by multiple conditions, such as glucose metabolism disorder, oxidative stress, numerous inflammatory factors and cytokines, and haemodynamic changes that lead to the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy based on genetic susceptibility. A variety of abnormalities in the signalling pathway may interact to produce these pathologic processes. Research has aimed to highlight the signalling pathway mechanisms that lead to diabetic nephropathy so that preventative strategies and effective therapies might be developed. In this review, important pathways that appear to be involved in driving these processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Ni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
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