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Lamonaca L, Auriemma F, Paduano D, Bianchetti M, Spatola F, Galtieri P, Maselli R, Repici A, Mangiavillano B. Rectal band ligation as a treatment for chronic radiation proctitis: a feasibility study. Endosc Int Open 2022; 10:E787-E790. [PMID: 35692922 PMCID: PMC9187420 DOI: 10.1055/a-1821-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) occurs in 5 % to 20 % of patients undergoing pelvic radiation therapy and frequently manifests with rectal bleeding. Endoscopic management of more severe and refractory cases can be challenging. Rectal band ligation (RBL) has been shown to be a feasible alternative to current available techniques, especially in extensive CRP. Our aim is to evaluate clinical and technical success of RBL. Patients and methods We enrolled all consecutive patients treated with RBL for severe or recurrent hemorrhagic CRP. Success was defined as endoscopic evidence of complete rectal healing and/or cessation of bleeding not requiring further treatment or blood transfusion. Results We enrolled 10 patients (7 males, mean age 75.6 years). Median length of the CRP from the anal verge was 4.5 cm and mean surface area involved was 89 %. Eight patients (80 %) were naïve to endoscopic treatment, while two had undergone argon plasma coagulation (APC). Median follow-up was 136.5 days. Success was achieved in 100 % of patients after a mean number of 1.8 RBL sessions. A mean number of 4.7 bands were released in the first session while a mean of 3.1 and 2 bands were placed in the second and third sessions, respectively. As for adverse events, only one patient reported mild tenesmus and pelvic pain after the procedure. Conclusions RBL is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of hemorrhagic CRP. It could be considered a valid first-line option in case of extensive rectal involvement as well as a viable rescue treatment after failed APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lamonaca
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit – Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy
| | - Francesco Auriemma
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit – Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy
| | - Danilo Paduano
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit – Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy
| | - Mario Bianchetti
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit – Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy
| | - Federica Spatola
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit – Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy
| | - Piera Galtieri
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Roberta Maselli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Rozzano (MI), Italy,Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetto Mangiavillano
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit – Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy,Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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Nishikawa T, Hata K, Yoshida S, Murono K, Yasuda K, Otani K, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Ishihara S, Koike K, Watanabe T. Successful endoscopic treatment of stapled J-pouch ileoanal canal anastomotic hemorrhage by argon plasma coagulation: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:309. [PMID: 27809887 PMCID: PMC5094016 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-1103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a rare condition, but it often requires proper management. We report a case of a patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage 18 years after stapled J-pouch ileoanal canal anastomosis who was successfully treated with argon plasma coagulation. Case presentation Our patient was a 54-year-old Japanese man who had developed ulcerative colitis 28 years ago. A J-shaped ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with a double-staple technique was indicated 18 years ago when the patient became refractory to the conventional medication. When he presented to our hospital, 18 years after the operation, the patient complained of faintness and fresh blood in the stool of 2 days’ duration, and was admitted for investigation. Lower endoscopy revealed that the hemorrhage was from a neovascularization area close to the site of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Cap-assisted argon plasma coagulation was carried out for hemostasis, and complete hemostasis was achieved without complications. Conclusions We present a case of a patient with hemorrhage following a J-shaped ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with a double-staple technique performed 18 years ago. Argon plasma coagulation treatment was successful, suggesting the potential safety and effectiveness of colonoscopic electrocoagulation for controlling unremitting hemorrhage from a neovascularization area around a stapled ileoanal canal anastomotic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Yasuda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Otani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Lenz L, Rohr R, Nakao F, Libera E, Ferrari A. Chronic radiation proctopathy: A practical review of endoscopic treatment. World J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 8:151-60. [PMID: 26981189 PMCID: PMC4770169 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v8.i2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic radiation proctopathy (CRP) is a troublesome complication of pelvic radiotherapy. The most common presentation is rectal bleeding. CRP symptoms interfere with daily activities and decrease quality of life. Rectal bleeding management in patients with CRP represents a conundrum for practitioners. Medical therapy is ineffective in general and surgical approach has a high morbid-mortality. Endoscopy has a role in the diagnosis, staging and treatment of this disease. Currently available endoscopic modalities are formalin, potassium titanyl phosphate laser, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser, argon laser, bipolar electrocoagulation (BiCAP), heater probe, band ligation, cryotherapy, radiofrequency ablation and argon plasma coagulation (APC). Among these options, APC is the most promising.
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Sanchez-Yague A, Kaltenbach T, Yamamoto H, Anglemyer A, Inoue H, Soetikno R. The endoscopic cap that can (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76:169-78.e1-2. [PMID: 22726477 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.04.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Sanchez-Yague
- Endoscopy Unit, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Rustagi T, Mashimo H. Endoscopic management of chronic radiation proctitis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4554-62. [PMID: 22147960 PMCID: PMC3225092 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i41.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic radiation proctopathy occurs in 5%-20% of patients following pelvic radiotherapy. Although many cases resolve spontaneously, some lead to chronic symptoms including diarrhea, tenesmus, urgency and persistent rectal bleeding with iron deficiency anemia requiring blood transfusions. Treatments for chronic radiation proctitis remain unsatisfactory and the basis of evidence for various therapies is generally insufficient. There are very few controlled or prospective trials, and comparisons between therapies are limited because of different evaluation methods. Medical treatments, including formalin, topical sucralfate, 5-amino salicylic acid enemas, and short chain fatty acids have been used with limited success. Surgical management is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic therapy using modalities such as the heater probe, neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser, potassium titanyl phosphate laser and bipolar electrocoagulation has been reported to be of some benefit, but with frequent complications. Argon plasma coagulation is touted to be the preferred endoscopic therapy due to its efficacy and safety profile. Newer methods of endoscopic ablation such as radiofrequency ablation and cryotherapy have been recently described which may afford broader areas of treatment per application, with lower rate of complications. This review will focus on endoscopic ablation therapies, including such newer modalities, for chronic radiation proctitis.
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Sato Y, Takayama T, Sagawa T, Hirakawa M, Ohnuma H, Miyanishi K, Sato T, Takimoto R, Kobune M, Okamoto K, Takeuchi H, Kato J. Argon plasma coagulation treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy: the optimal settings for application and long-term outcome. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73:543-9. [PMID: 21257166 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No standard treatment exists for hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy (HRP). Recently it was reported that argon plasma coagulation (APC) is effective for HRP. However, previous studies documented complications such as ulcers, strictures, and perforations in as many as 20% of APC-treated patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the optimal parameters for APC by using swine rectum and to assess the safety and effectiveness of APC in HRP patients. DESIGN Prospective case series. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS Sixty-five patients with HRP were prospectively enrolled between 2000 and 2010. INTERVENTIONS APC for HRP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Optimal APC parameters, number of treatments, success rate, complications, clinical remissions. RESULTS APC in swine rectal wall ex vivo was optimal with a 40-W current, 1.2-L/min gas flow rate, and 2-second application, which was sufficient to treat the submucosal telangiectasia but did not adversely affect the muscle layer. Sixty-five patients (46 men, 19 women; median age 72 years) with HRP occurring at a mean of 20 months after radiotherapy were studied. Proctopathy was classified as grade A (mild) in 7 patients (10.8%), grade B (moderate) in 41 (63.1%), and grade C (severe) in 17 (26.2%). The treatment success rate was 98.5% after a median of 2 (range 1-5) APC sessions. The median clinical score for rectal bleeding was significantly decreased after APC (P < .0001), and the hemoglobin level was significantly increased (P < .0001). APC was well tolerated, and no significant side effects or complications occurred. During a mean follow-up of 34.6 months (range 3.6 -121.1 months), 4 patients (6.3%) had minor recurrent rectal bleeding and 60 (93.8%) remained in remission. LIMITATIONS Nonrandomized study. CONCLUSIONS HRP treatment with optimal APC settings yields a high success rate and long-lasting clinical remission with no significant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Sato
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, 060-8543 Sapporo, Japan
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