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Dong X, Shao C, Xu S, Tu J, Xu W, Chen D, Tang Y. Construction and validation of a prognostic signature based on anoikis-related lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205905. [PMID: 38850527 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer and is characterized by a high death rate and a poor prospect for survival. Anoikis, which is a kind of programmed cell apoptosis, is an important factor in the advancement of tumors. Nonetheless, the function of anoikis-related lncRNAs (ARLRs) in LUAD is still not well understood. The TCGA database was queried for genomic and clinical information. A prognostic signature for ARLRs was established via the use of coexpression analysis and Cox regression. Validation of the model's accuracy was conducted utilizing K-M curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the signature was utilized to develop a nomogram. LncRNAs were implicated in the progression of tumors, as determined by functional enrichment analysis. There was an improvement in prognosis, increased immune cell infiltration, and higher immune scores among the low-risk patients. Additionally, we found that the two groups had varied anticancer drug sensitivities, which could help guide treatment. The impact of one ARLR, AC026355.2, on migration and invasion was validated by in vitro experiments in LUAD cells. Herein, a new lncRNA signature associated with anoikis was identified and estimated, potentially serving as a prognostic indicator for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital (Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University), Ningbo, China
| | - Chuan Shao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital (Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University), Ningbo, China
| | - Shuguang Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital (Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University), Ningbo, China
| | - Jinjing Tu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital (Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University), Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital (Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University), Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital (Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University), Ningbo, China
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Zargar S, Wani TA, Alamery S, Yaseen F. Olmutinib Reverses Thioacetamide-Induced Cell Cycle Gene Alterations in Mice Liver and Kidney Tissues, While Wheat Germ Treatment Exhibits Limited Efficacy at Gene Level. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:639. [PMID: 38674285 PMCID: PMC11052166 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: TAA is potent hepatic/renal toxicant. Conversely, WGO is a potent dietary supplement with impressive antioxidant properties. Olmutinib is an apoptotic chemotherapy drug that does not harm the liver or kidney. This study investigated the impact of olmutinib and wheat germ oil (WGO) on Thioacetamide (TAA)-induced gene alterations in mice liver and kidney tissues. Materials and Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.3% TAA in drinking water for 14 days, followed by the oral administration of olmutinib (30 mg/kg) and WGO (1400 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days. Treatment groups included the following: groups I (control), II (TAA-exposed), III (TAA + olmutinib), IV (TAA + WGO), and V (TAA + olmutinib + WGO). Results: The findings revealed that TAA exposure increased MKi67 and CDKN3 gene expression in liver and kidney tissues. Olmutinib treatment effectively reversed these TAA-induced effects, significantly restoring MKi67 and CDKN3 gene expression. WGO also reversed MKi67 effects in the liver but exhibited limited efficacy in reversing CDKN3 gene alterations induced by TAA exposures in both the liver and kidney. TAA exposure showed the tissue-specific expression of TP53, with decreased expression in the liver and increased expression in the kidney. Olmutinib effectively reversed these tissue-specific alterations in TP53 expression. While WGO treatment alone could not reverse the gene alterations induced by TAA exposure, the co-administration of olmutinib and WGO exhibited a remarkable potentiation of therapeutic effects in both the liver and kidney. The gene interaction analysis revealed 77.4% of physical interactions and co-localization between MKi67, CDKN3, and TP53 expressions. Protein-protein interaction networks also demonstrated physical interactions between MKi67, TP53, and CDKN3, forming complexes or signaling cascades. Conclusions: It was predicted that the increased expression of the MKi67 gene by TAA leads to the increase in TP53, which negatively regulates the cell cycle via increased CDKN3 expression in kidneys and the restoration of TP53 levels in the liver. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of olmutinib and WGO on TAA-induced gene expression changes and highlight their contrasting effects based on cell cycle alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.Y.)
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salman Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fatimah Yaseen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.Y.)
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Xie Q, Liu S, Zhang S, Liao L, Xiao Z, Wang S, Zhang P. Research progress on the multi-omics and survival status of circulating tumor cells. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38427120 PMCID: PMC10907490 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In the dynamic process of metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) emanate from the primary solid tumor and subsequently acquire the capacity to disengage from the basement membrane, facilitating their infiltration into the vascular system via the interstitial tissue. Given the pivotal role of CTCs in the intricate hematogenous metastasis, they have emerged as an essential resource for a deeper comprehension of cancer metastasis while also serving as a cornerstone for the development of new indicators for early cancer screening and new therapeutic targets. In the epoch of precision medicine, as CTC enrichment and separation technologies continually advance and reach full fruition, the domain of CTC research has transcended the mere straightforward detection and quantification. The rapid advancement of CTC analysis platforms has presented a compelling opportunity for in-depth exploration of CTCs within the bloodstream. Here, we provide an overview of the current status and research significance of multi-omics studies on CTCs, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. These studies have contributed to uncovering the unique heterogeneity of CTCs and identifying potential metastatic targets as well as specific recognition sites. We also review the impact of various states of CTCs in the bloodstream on their metastatic potential, such as clustered CTCs, interactions with other blood components, and the phenotypic states of CTCs after undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Within this context, we also discuss the therapeutic implications and potential of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiu Liao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hunan Clinical Meditech Research Center for Breast Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hunan Clinical Meditech Research Center for Breast Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouman Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hunan Clinical Meditech Research Center for Breast Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Srivastava S, Jayaswal N, Kumar S, Sharma PK, Behl T, Khalid A, Mohan S, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Alhazmi HA. Unveiling the potential of proteomic and genetic signatures for precision therapeutics in lung cancer management. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110932. [PMID: 37866667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer's enduring global significance necessitates ongoing advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics. Recent spotlight on proteomic and genetic biomarker research offers a promising avenue for understanding lung cancer biology and guiding treatments. This review elucidates genetic and proteomic lung cancer biomarker progress and their treatment implications. Technological strides in mass spectrometry-based proteomics and next-generation sequencing enable pinpointing of genetic abnormalities and abnormal protein expressions, furnishing vital data for precise diagnosis, patient classification, and customized treatments. Biomarker-driven personalized medicine yields substantial treatment improvements, elevating survival rates and minimizing adverse effects. Integrating omics data (genomics, proteomics, etc.) enhances understanding of lung cancer's intricate biological milieu, identifying novel treatment targets and biomarkers, fostering precision medicine. Liquid biopsies, non-invasive tools for real-time treatment monitoring and early resistance detection, gain popularity, promising enhanced management and personalized therapy. Despite advancements, biomarker repeatability and validation challenges persist, necessitating interdisciplinary efforts and large-scale clinical trials. Integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning aids analyzing vast omics datasets and predicting treatment responses. Single-cell omics reveal cellular connections and intratumoral heterogeneity, valuable for combination treatments. Biomarkers enable accurate diagnosis, tailored medicines, and treatment response tracking, significantly impacting personalized lung cancer care. This approach spurs patient-centered trials, empowering active patient engagement. Lung cancer proteomic and genetic biomarkers illuminate disease biology and treatment prospects. Progressing towards individualized efficient therapies is imminent, alleviating lung cancer's burden through ongoing research, omics integration, and technological strides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Nandani Jayaswal
- Accurate College of Pharmacy, 49, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India.
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box: 2424, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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He P, Du L, Dai Q, Li G, Yu B, Chang L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of structurally new 4-indolyl quinazoline derivatives as highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable EGFR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106970. [PMID: 37984101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been recognized as an effective strategy for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although several representative EGFR inhibitors have been approved for clinical use, it is highly desirable to develop highly potent and selective EGFR inhibitors with novel scaffolds because of the occurrence of acquired resistance after treatment. Here we first demonstrate that the 4-indolyl quinazoline derivatives could potently inhibit EGFR in vitro and in vivo, of which YS-67 effectively and selectively inhibits EGFR[WT] (IC50 = 5.2 nM), EGFR[d746-750] (IC50 = 9.6 nM) and EGFR[L858R] (IC50 = 1.9 nM). The TREEspot™ kinase interaction map further reveals the binding selectivity toward 468 kinases. YS-67 not only potently suppresses p-EGFR and p-AKT, but also effectively inhibits proliferation of A549 (IC50 = 4.1 μM), PC-9 (IC50 = 0.5 μM) and A431 cells (IC50 = 2.1 μM). YS-67 treatment also causes colony formation inhibition, arrests cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phases and induces apoptosis. More importantly, YS-67 is well tolerated in A431 xenograft model after oral administration, showing effective tumor growth suppression and low toxicity. Collectively, YS-67 represents an underexplored scaffold for developing new EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linna Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007 China.
| | - Linlin Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Okuma Y, Kubota K, Shimokawa M, Hashimoto K, Kawashima Y, Sakamoto T, Wakui H, Murakami S, Okishio K, Hayashihara K, Ohe Y. First-Line Osimertinib for Previously Untreated Patients With NSCLC and Uncommon EGFR Mutations: The UNICORN Phase 2 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2024; 10:43-51. [PMID: 37991747 PMCID: PMC10666043 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Importance Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with uncommon EGFR mutations is a rare subgroup, composing 14% of all EGFR mutations. Objective To determine the usefulness of osimertinib in previously untreated patients with metastatic NSCLC harboring uncommon EGFR mutations, excluding exon 20 insertion mutations. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, open-label, single-group, phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial enrolled patients from April 10, 2020, to May 31, 2022, with a follow-up of 6 months from the date the last patient was enrolled. The study enrolled 42 patients with uncommon EGFR mutations, of whom 40 were eligible. Intervention Osimertinib, 80 mg once daily, was administered orally to patients. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR). The secondary end points were disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), time to treatment failure (TTF), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DoR), and safety of osimertinib. Patients were included in the study on an intention-to-treat basis. Results Of the 40 eligible patients, 22 were men (55.0%) and the median age was 72 years (range, 39.0-88.0 years). The most common mutations were G719X (20 [50.0%]), S768I (10 [25.0%]), and L861Q (8 [20.0%]). The ORR was 55.0% (90% CI, 40.9%-68.5%) and the DCR was 90.0% (95% CI, 76.3%-97.2%). The median PFS was 9.4 months (95% CI, 3.7-15.2 months) after a median follow-up of 12.7 months (range, 2.7-30.7 months). The median TTF was 9.5 months (95% CI, 5.6-30.3 months), median OS was not reached (NR; 95% CI, 19.3 months to NR), and median DoR was 22.7 months (95% CI, 9.5 months to NR). The ORR for patients with solitary or compound uncommon EGFR mutations was 45.5% (90% CI, 26.9%-65.3%) and 66.7% (90% CI, 43.7%-83.7%), respectively. Median PFS for patients with solitary or compound uncommon EGFR mutations was 5.4 months (95% CI, 3.6-22.7 months) and 9.8 months (95% CI, 5.1 months to NR), respectively. Median OS for patients with solitary or compound uncommon EGFR mutations was 23.0 months (95% CI, 12.3 months to NR) and NR, respectively. Median DoR for patients with solitary or compound uncommon EGFR mutations was 22.7 months (95% CI, 3.6-22.7 months) or NR (95% CI, 5.7 months to NR), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported by 11 patients (27.5%), and 5 patients (12.5%) developed interstitial lung disease. All adverse events were manageable, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusions and Relevance Osimertinib showed clinical activity with manageable toxic effects among previously untreated patients with metastatic NSCLC harboring uncommon EGFR mutations other than exon 20 insertion mutations. The results support the use of osimertinib as a treatment option for this patient population. Trial Registration Japan Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: jRCTs071200002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kana Hashimoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawashima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sakamoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Murakami
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Okishio
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Hayashihara
- National Hospital Organization Ibarakihigashi National Hospital, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Aryal S, Park S, Park H, Park C, Kim WC, Thakur D, Won YJ, Key J. Clinical Trials for Oral, Inhaled and Intravenous Drug Delivery System for Lung Cancer and Emerging Nanomedicine-Based Approaches. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7865-7888. [PMID: 38146467 PMCID: PMC10749572 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s432839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates and a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Most patients with lung cancer are treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery; however, effective treatment options remain limited. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of clinical trials, ranging from Phase I to III, conducted on drug delivery systems for lung cancer treatment. The trials included oral, inhaled, and intravenous administration of therapeutics. Furthermore, the study also talks about the evolving paradigm of targeted therapy and immunotherapy providing promising directions for personalized treatment. In addition, we summarize the best results and limitations of these drug delivery systems and discuss the potential capacity of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Aryal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Sanghyo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Hyungkyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Woo Cheol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Deepika Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon State, 26493, Korea
| | - Jaehong Key
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
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Lv X, Li Y, Xu X, Zheng Z, Li F, Fang K, Wang Y, Wang B, Hou D. Multisequence MRI-based radiomics nomogram for early prediction of osimertinib resistance in patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 11:100521. [PMID: 37692549 PMCID: PMC10485591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osimertinib resistance is a major problem in the course of targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. To develop and validate a multisequence MRI-based radiomics nomogram for early prediction of osimertinib resistance in NSCLC with brain metastases (BM). Methods Pretreatment brain MRI of 251 NSCLC patients proven with BM were retrospectively enrolled from two centers (training cohort: 196 patients; testing cohort: 55 patients). According to the gene test result of osimertinib resistance, patients were labeled as resistance and non-resistance groups (training cohort: 65 versus 131 patients; testing cohort: 25 versus 30 patients). Radiomics features were extracted from T2WI, T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1-CE) sequences separately and radiomics score (rad-score) were built from the four sequences. Then a multisequence MRI-based nomogram was developed and the predictive ability was evaluated by ROC curves and calibration curves. Results The rad-scores of the four sequences has significant differences between resistance and non-resistance groups in both training and testing cohorts. The nomogram achieved the highest predictive ability with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.989 (95 % confidence interval, 0.976-1.000) and 0.923 (95 % confidence interval, 0.851-0.995) in the training and testing cohort respectively. The calibration curves showed excellent concordance between the predicted and actual probability of osimertinib resistance using the radiomics nomogram. Conclusions The multisequence MRI-based radiomics nomogram can be used as a noninvasive auxiliary tool to identify candidates who were resistant to osimertinib, which could guide clinical therapy for NSCLC patients with BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Dailun Hou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
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Singh S, Yeat NY, Wang YT, Lin SY, Kuo IY, Wu KP, Wang WJ, Wang WC, Su WC, Wang YC, Chen RH. PTPN23 ubiquitination by WDR4 suppresses EGFR and c-MET degradation to define a lung cancer therapeutic target. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:671. [PMID: 37821451 PMCID: PMC10567730 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant overexpression or activation of EGFR drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) by secondary EGFR mutations or c-MET amplification/activation remains as a major hurdle for NSCLC treatment. We previously identified WDR4 as a substrate adaptor of Cullin 4 ubiquitin ligase and an association of WDR4 high expression with poor prognosis of lung cancer. Here, using an unbiased ubiquitylome analysis, we uncover PTPN23, a component of the ESCRT complex, as a substrate of WDR4-based ubiquitin ligase. WDR4-mediated PTPN23 ubiquitination leads to its proteasomal degradation, thereby suppressing lysosome trafficking and degradation of wild type EGFR, EGFR mutant, and c-MET. Through this mechanism, WDR4 sustains EGFR and c-MET signaling to promote NSCLC proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and metastasis. Clinically, PTPN23 is downregulated in lung cancer and its low expression correlates with WDR4 high expression and poor prognosis. Targeting WDR4-mediated PTPN23 ubiquitination by a peptide that competes with PTPN23 for binding WDR4 promotes EGFR and c-MET degradation to block the growth and progression of EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC. These findings identify a central role of WDR4/PTPN23 axis in EGFR and c-MET trafficking and a potential therapeutic target for treating EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Singh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Nai Yang Yeat
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Phon Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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10
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Hoe HJ, Balasubramanian A, John T. LASERing FLAURAL Arrangements in Asian EGFR Subsets. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1261-1264. [PMID: 37702632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing Hoe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adithya Balasubramanian
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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Cao B, Huang L, Liu M, Lin H, Ma T, Zhao Y, Geng Y, Yang Y, Guo H, Li J. Phase 1 study to evaluate the effects of rifampin or itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of limertinib (ASK120067), a novel mutant-selective inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor in healthy Chinese subjects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:653-664. [PMID: 37811634 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2260738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limertinib is a novel mutant-selective and irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor under development. A phase 1 open, two-period, single-sequence, self-controlled, two-part study was initiated to characterize the effects of a strong CYP3A4 inducer (rifampin) or inhibitor (itraconazole) on the pharmacokinetics of limertinib. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-four healthy subjects in each part received a single dose of limertinib alone (160 mg, Part A; 80 mg, Part B) and with multiple doses of rifampin 600 mg once daily (Part A) or itraconazole 200 mg twice daily (Part B). RESULTS Coadministration of rifampin decreased exposure (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity, AUC0-inf) of limertinib and its active metabolite CCB4580030 by 87.86% (geometric least-squares mean [GLSM] ratio, 12.14%; 90% confidence interval [CI], 9.89-14.92) and 66.82% (GLSM ratio, 33.18%; 90% CI, 27.72-39.72), respectively. Coadministration of itraconazole increased the AUC0-inf of limertinib by 289.8% (GLSM ratio, 389.8%; 90% CI, 334.07-454.82), but decreased that of CCB4580030 by 35.96% (GLSM ratio, 64.04%; 90% CI, 50.78-80.77). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the concomitant use of limertinib with strong CYP3A inducers or inhibitors is not recommended. A single dose of limertinib, administered with or without rifampin or itraconazole, is generally safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT05631678.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cao
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanxun Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifang Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37568796 PMCID: PMC10417502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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13
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Alam A, Wilcox JE, Hall SA. The Traditional Endomyocardial Biopsy: Opportunities to Rethink Its Role as the Gold Standard. J Card Fail 2023; 29:1225-1227. [PMID: 34242781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Alam
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas.
| | - Jane E Wilcox
- Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shelley A Hall
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
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14
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Okuma Y, Nomura S, Ninomiya K, Gyotoku H, Murakami S, Kogure Y, Harada D, Okishio K, Okamoto H, Goto Y. Continuation of osimertinib in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer patients bearing CNS metastasis (EPONA study). Future Oncol 2023; 19:1515-1521. [PMID: 37577772 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients harboring EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer, treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor will lead to longer survival than those having non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient who do not harbor EGFR mutations. This ongoing clinical trial is to investigate the secondary chemoprevention effect of osimertinib from CNS with platinum doublets chemotherapy in patients who had progressive disease outside of CNS lesions. The aim of this randomized, phase II trial is to evaluate platinum and pemetrexed chemotherapy followed by pemetrexed maintenance with or without continuation of osimertinib for secondary CNS prevention in patients with brain metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutation, with other than CNS lesions, but no progressive disease in the CNS lesion after osimertinib. The primary end point is to assess progression-free survival by investigator assessment. The key secondary end points are overall survival, response rate, time to CNS controlling, time to whole-brain irradiation and safety. Clinical trial registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT), Japan (jRCTs071200029).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Nomura
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Ninomiya
- Department of Hematology, Oncology & Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Gyotoku
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kogure
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daijiro Harada
- Department of Thoracic Oncology & Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Okishio
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Medical Oncology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Ahmed M, Wuethrich A, Constantin N, Shanmugasundaram KB, Mainwaring P, Kulasinghe A, O'Leary C, O'Byrne K, Sina AAI, Carrascosa LG, Trau M. Liquid Biopsy Snapshots of Key Phosphoproteomic Pathways in Lung Cancer Patients for Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37224231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification in proteins that changes protein conformation and activity for regulating signal transduction pathways. This mechanism is frequently impaired in lung cancer, resulting in permanently active constitutive phosphorylation to initiate tumor growth and/or reactivate pathways in response to therapy. We developed a multiplexed phosphoprotein analyzer chip (MPAC) that enables rapid (detection time: 5 min) and sensitive (LOD: 2 pg/μL) detection of protein phosphorylation and presents phosphoproteomic profiling of major phosphorylation pathways in lung cancer. We monitored phosphorylated receptors and downstream proteins involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in lung cancer cell line models and patient-derived extracellular vesicles (EV). Using kinase inhibitor drugs in cell line models, we found that the drug can inhibit the phosphorylation and/or activation of the kinase pathway. We then generated a phosphorylation heatmap by EV phosphoproteomic profiling of plasma samples isolated from 36 lung cancer patients and 8 noncancer individuals. The heatmap showed a clear difference between the noncancer and cancer samples and identify the specific proteins that are activated in the cancer samples. Our data also showed that MPAC could monitor immunotherapy responses by assessment of the phosphorylation states of the proteins, particularly for PD-L1. Finally, with a longitudinal study, we found that the phosphorylation levels of the proteins were indicative of a positive response to therapy. We believe that this study will lead to personalized treatment by providing a better understanding of the active and resistant pathways and will provide a tool for selecting combined and targeted therapies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostak Ahmed
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nicolas Constantin
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karthik Balaji Shanmugasundaram
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Mainwaring
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Connor O'Leary
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laura G Carrascosa
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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16
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Bai JW, Qiu SQ, Zhang GJ. Molecular and functional imaging in cancer-targeted therapy: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:89. [PMID: 36849435 PMCID: PMC9971190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted anticancer drugs block cancer cell growth by interfering with specific signaling pathways vital to carcinogenesis and tumor growth rather than harming all rapidly dividing cells as in cytotoxic chemotherapy. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) system has been used to assess tumor response to therapy via changes in the size of target lesions as measured by calipers, conventional anatomically based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other imaging methods. However, RECIST is sometimes inaccurate in assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy drugs because of the poor correlation between tumor size and treatment-induced tumor necrosis or shrinkage. This approach might also result in delayed identification of response when the therapy does confer a reduction in tumor size. Innovative molecular imaging techniques have rapidly gained importance in the dawning era of targeted therapy as they can visualize, characterize, and quantify biological processes at the cellular, subcellular, or even molecular level rather than at the anatomical level. This review summarizes different targeted cell signaling pathways, various molecular imaging techniques, and developed probes. Moreover, the application of molecular imaging for evaluating treatment response and related clinical outcome is also systematically outlined. In the future, more attention should be paid to promoting the clinical translation of molecular imaging in evaluating the sensitivity to targeted therapy with biocompatible probes. In particular, multimodal imaging technologies incorporating advanced artificial intelligence should be developed to comprehensively and accurately assess cancer-targeted therapy, in addition to RECIST-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
| | - Si-Qi Qiu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, 515041, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
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17
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Li MC, Coumar MS, Lin SY, Lin YS, Huang GL, Chen CH, Lien TW, Wu YW, Chen YT, Chen CP, Huang YC, Yeh KC, Yang CM, Kalita B, Pan SL, Hsu TA, Yeh TK, Chen CT, Hsieh HP. Development of Furanopyrimidine-Based Orally Active Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2566-2588. [PMID: 36749735 PMCID: PMC9969398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of orally bioavailable, furanopyrimidine-based double-mutant (L858R/T790M) EGFR inhibitors is described. First, selectivity for mutant EGFR was accomplished by replacing the (S)-2-phenylglycinol moiety of 12 with either an ethanol or an alkyl substituent. Then, the cellular potency and physicochemical properties were optimized through insights from molecular modeling studies by implanting various solubilizing groups in phenyl rings A and B. Optimized lead 52 shows 8-fold selective inhibition of H1975 (EGFRL858R/T790M overexpressing) cancer cells over A431 (EGFRWT overexpressing) cancer cells; western blot analysis further confirmed EGFR mutant-selective target modulation inside the cancer cells by 52. Notably, 52 displayed in vivo antitumor effects in two different mouse xenograft models (BaF3 transfected with mutant EGFR and H1975 tumors) with TGI = 74.9 and 97.5% after oral administration (F = 27%), respectively. With an extraordinary kinome selectivity (S(10) score of 0.017), 52 undergoes detailed preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Chun Li
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
- Biomedical
Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Department
of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet 605014, Pondicherry, India
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Shyan Lin
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guan-Lin Huang
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hwa Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Wen Lien
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical
Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ping Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Chia Yeh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Ming Yang
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bikashita Kalita
- Department
of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet 605014, Pondicherry, India
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate
Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical
Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan, ROC
- Ph.D.
Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-An Hsu
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
- Biomedical
Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115202, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- , . Phone: +886-37-206-166
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18
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Chhouri H, Alexandre D, Grumolato L. Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance and Tolerance to EGFR Targeted Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020504. [PMID: 36672453 PMCID: PMC9856371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are treated with specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) of this receptor, resulting in clinically responses that can generally last several months. Unfortunately, EGFR-targeted therapy also favors the emergence of drug tolerant or resistant cells, ultimately resulting in tumor relapse. Recently, cellular barcoding strategies have arisen as a powerful tool to investigate the clonal evolution of these subpopulations in response to anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently available treatment options for NSCLC, focusing on EGFR targeted therapy, and discuss the common mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-TKIs. We also review the characteristics of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells and the mechanistic basis of drug tolerance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Lastly, we address how cellular barcoding can be applied to investigate the response and the behavior of DTP cells upon EGFR-TKI treatment.
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19
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Morse W, Nawaz H, Choudhry AA. Combination of chemotherapeutic agents and biological response modifiers (immunotherapy) in triple-negative/Her2( +) breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and non-small-cell lung cancer. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 34:58. [PMID: 36588130 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Biological response modifiers (immunotherapy) in combination to chemotherapy are superior to that of chemotherapy in treatment of breast cancer (triple-negative/HER-2 ( +)), multiple myeloma, and non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS This review article consists of a total of eighteen independent randomized controlled clinical trials ranging from phases one to three. Patients were randomly selected for immunomodulatory treatment or chemotherapy and assessed for a specific mutation expression that the immunomodulatory agent targets. Kaplan-Meier plots, swimmer plots, and bar graphs depict overall/progression-free survival, objective response, and clinical response rates. The data collected was assessed by using 95% confidence interval and a p value of 0.05. Patients were treated until disease progression. RESULTS Biological response modifiers (immunotherapy) resulted in significantly longer median progression-free survival in PD-L1-positive breast cancer (7.5 months compared to 5.0 months in control group), multiple myeloma (60.7% compared to 26.9% in the daratumumab and placebo groups, respectively), and in non-small-cell lung cancer (median progression-free survival was 10.3 months in the pembrolizumab group compared to 6.0 months in the chemotherapy group): higher complete responses in multiple myeloma (79% and 66% in the elotuzumab and control groups, respectively) and lower disease progression in PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (62.1% of pembrolizumab versus 50.3% of chemotherapy patients had no disease progression at 6 months). CONCLUSION Combination biological response modifiers (immunotherapy) and chemotherapy displayed benefit in overall/progression-free survival, response rate, duration of response, clinical benefit, and invasive disease-free survival in triple-negative/HER2-2( +) breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
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The functions and molecular mechanisms of Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) implicated in the pathophysiology of cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109581. [PMID: 36527874 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death worldwide, and at the same time, the burden of cancer continues to increase. The underlying molecular pathways involved in the initiation and development of cancer are the subject of considerable research worldwide. Further understanding of these pathways may lead to new cancer treatments. Growing data suggest that Tribble's homolog 3 (TRIB3) is essential in oncogenesis in many types of cancer. The mammalian tribbles family's proteins regulate various cellular and physiological functions, such as the cell cycle, stress response, signal transduction, propagation, development, differentiation, immunity, inflammatory processes, and metabolism. To exert their activities, Tribbles proteins must alter key signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. Recent evidence supports that TRIB3 dysregulation has been linked to various diseases, including tumor development and chemoresistance. It has been speculated that TRIB3 may either promote or inhibit the onset and development of cancer. However, it is still unclear how TRIB3 performs this dual function in cancer. In this review, we present and discuss the most recent data on the role of TRIB3 in cancer pathophysiology and chemoresistance. Furthermore, we describe in detail the molecular mechanism TRIB3 regulates in cancer.
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Liu C, Ma M, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Guo Y. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1022862. [PMID: 36910626 PMCID: PMC9993855 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1022862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in China. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of non-therapeutic and therapeutic factors of patients with lung cancer on survival rate. Methods In this retrospective study, a total of 458 patients diagnosed as lung cancer at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2008 to October 2013 were enrolled. The COX proportional hazards model was used to analyze the possible factors affecting the survival of patients. Model variables included age, sex, family history, smoking, tumor location, pathological type, stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, operation, and targeted therapy. Results The median survival time (MST) was 32.0 months (95% CI: 29.0-34.0 months), while the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 70.74%, 36.90%, and 30.13%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and operation significantly affected the median survival time of patients. Multivariate cox regression analysis suggested that sex (female vs male, 2.096, 95% CI: 1.606-2.736), stage (stage I vs IV, 0.111, 95% CI: 0.039-0.314; stage II vs IV, 0.218, 95%CI: 0.089-0.535), chemotherapy (no vs yes, 0.469, 95% CI: 0.297-0.742), and operation (no vs yes, 2.667, 95% CI: 1.174-6.055) were independently associated with the survival of patients with lung cancer. Conclusion Our study showed that male, early stage, operation were protective factors for the survival of patients, while female, advanced stage, chemotherapy were risk factors for the survival of patients. Larger studies are required to address the usefulness of these prognostic factors in defining the management of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Minting Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuetao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zefeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Novel pyrimido-pyridazine derivatives: design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation and in silico studies. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1693-1704. [PMID: 36533662 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel pyrimido-pyridazine derivative for developing anticancer agents was synthesized via Ullmann arylation using an efficient Cu(OAc)2 catalyst. Materials & methods: Compounds were investigated for their anticancer potential, against human breast adenocarcinoma cells, viz. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and normal cell line HEK-293. Further, an in vivo study was conducted on lymphoma-bearing mice while in silico analysis was carried out for molecular interactions. Results: Compound 2b displayed significant antitumor activity towards MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of apoptosis and arresting cells in S-phase in vitro, while it significantly increased the lifespan and reduced tumor growth in vivo. An in silico study revealed potent tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitors. Conclusion: Taken together the molecule has the potential to become an effective therapeutic treatment for breast cancer.
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The prospect of combination therapies with the third-generation EGFR-TKIs to overcome the resistance in NSCLC. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Guo H, Zhang J, Qin C, Yan H, Liu T, Hu H, Tang S, Tang S, Zhou H. Biomarker-Targeted Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Status and Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:3200. [PMID: 36291069 PMCID: PMC9600447 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies and the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite many therapeutic advances in the past decade, NSCLC remains an incurable disease for the majority of patients. Molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies have significantly improved the prognosis of NSCLC. However, the vast majority of advanced NSCLC develop resistance to current therapies and eventually progress. In this review, we discuss current and potential therapies for NSCLC, focusing on targeted therapies and immunotherapies. We highlight the future role of metabolic therapies and combination therapies in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Hang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
| | - Shoujun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
| | - Haining Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
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Kardile RA, Sarkate AP, Lokwani DK, Tiwari SV, Azad R, Thopate SR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel quinoline derivatives as small molecule mutant EGFR inhibitors targeting resistance in NSCLC: In vitro screening and ADME predictions. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Can EGFR be a therapeutic target in breast cancer? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188789. [PMID: 36064121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in certain cancer types and is involved in regulating the biological characteristics of cancer progression, including proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Various medicines targeting EGFR have been developed and approved for several cancer types, such as lung and colon cancer. To date, however, EGFR inhibitors have not achieved satisfactory clinical results in breast cancer, which continues to be the most serious malignant tumor type in females. Therefore, clarifying the underlying mechanisms related to the ineffectiveness of EGFR inhibitors in breast cancer and developing new EGFR-targeted strategies (e.g., combination therapy) remain critical challenges. Various studies have demonstrated aberrant expression and maintenance of EGFR levels in breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms underlying EGFR protein expression in breast cancer cells, including EGFR mutations, amplification, endocytic dysfunction, recycling acceleration, and degradation disorders. We also discuss potential therapeutic strategies that act directly or indirectly on EGFR, including reducing EGFR protein expression, treating the target protein to mediate precise clearance, and inhibiting non-EGFR signaling pathways. This review should provide new therapeutic perspectives for breast cancer patients with high EGFR expression.
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Wang J, Huang L, Chen X, Yuan Y, Sun J, Yang M. Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Novel Quinazolinone Derivatives as Potential EGFR Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:637-641. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College
| | - Liwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College
| | - Yangchen Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College
| | - Juan Sun
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Health, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College
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Early Steps of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112613. [PMID: 35681591 PMCID: PMC9179469 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with lung cancer benefit from more effective treatments, such as targeted therapies, and the overall survival has increased in the past decade. However, the efficacy of targeted therapies is limited due to the emergence of resistance. Growing evidence suggests that resistances may arise from a small population of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells. Understanding the mechanisms underlying DTP survival is therefore crucial to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of resistance. Herein, we propose an overview of the current scientific knowledge about the characterisation of DTP, and summarise the new therapeutic strategies that are tested to target these cells. Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men and women worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective therapies for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbouring EGFR-activating mutations, but are not curative due to the inevitable emergence of resistances. Recent in vitro studies suggest that resistance to EGFR-TKI may arise from a small population of drug-tolerant persister cells (DTP) through non-genetic reprogramming, by entering a reversible slow-to-non-proliferative state, before developing genetically derived resistances. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms governing the dynamics of the drug-tolerant state is therefore a priority to provide sustainable therapeutic solutions for patients. An increasing number of molecular mechanisms underlying DTP survival are being described, such as chromatin and epigenetic remodelling, the reactivation of anti-apoptotic/survival pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and interactions with their micro-environment. Here, we review and discuss the existing proposed mechanisms involved in the DTP state. We describe their biological features, molecular mechanisms of tolerance, and the therapeutic strategies that are tested to target the DTP.
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Treatment Strategies for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Common and Uncommon EGFR Mutations: Drug Sensitivity Based on Exon Classification, and Structure-Function Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102519. [PMID: 35626123 PMCID: PMC9139782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The advent of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has led to a dramatic improvement in the prognosis of patients having advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLCs harboring “common” EGFR mutations, including exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R mutation substitutions, are sensitive to EGFR-TKIs. However, NSCLCs harboring “uncommon” EGFR mutations have poor sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs, and patients harboring uncommon mutations often experience poor outcomes. Here, we review the current EGFR-TKI therapy and the development of treatment strategies, including combined treatment and the exploration of new drugs. In addition, we discuss EGFR-TKI sensitivity based on structure-function analysis. Abstract The identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and development of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have dramatically improved the prognosis of advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), setting a landmark in precision oncology. Exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R substitutions, which comprise the majority of common EGFR mutations, are predictors of good sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. However, not all cancers harboring EGFR mutations are sensitive to EGFR-TKIs. Most patients harboring uncommon EGFR mutations demonstrate a poorer clinical response than those harboring common EGFR mutations. For example, cancers harboring exon 20 insertions, which represent approximately 4–12% of EGFR mutations, are generally insensitive to first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs. Although understanding the biology of uncommon EGFR mutations is essential for developing treatment strategies, there is little clinical data because of their rarity. Moreover, clarifying the acquired resistance of EGFR-mutated NSCLC may lead to more precise treatments. Sequencing and structure-based analyses of EGFRmutated NSCLC have revealed resistance mechanisms and drug sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the strategies in development for treating NSCLC harboring common and uncommon EGFR mutations. We will also focus on EGFR-TKI sensitivity in patients harboring EGFR mutations based on the structural features.
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Eldehna WM, Maklad RM, Almahli H, Al-Warhi T, Elkaeed EB, Abourehab MAS, Abdel-Aziz HA, El Kerdawy AM. Identification of 3-(piperazinylmethyl)benzofuran derivatives as novel type II CDK2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico insights. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1227-1240. [PMID: 35470754 PMCID: PMC9126595 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2062337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, a hybridisation strategy was adopted between the privileged building blocks, benzofuran and piperazine, with the aim of designing novel CDK2 type II inhibitors. The hybrid structures were linked to different aromatic semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, or acylhydrazone tails to anchor the designed inhibitors onto the CDK2 kinase domain. The designed compounds showed promising CDK2 inhibitory activity. Compounds 9h, 11d, 11e and 13c showed potent inhibitory activity (IC50 of 40.91, 41.70, 46.88, and 52.63 nM, respectively) compared to staurosporine (IC50 of 56.76 nM). Moreover, benzofurans 9e, 9h, 11d, and 13b showed promising antiproliferative activities towards different cancer cell lines, and non-significant cytotoxicity on normal lung fibroblasts MRC-5 cell line. Furthermore, a cell cycle analysis as well as Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay on Panc-1 cell line were performed. Molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the ability of target benzofurans to adopt the common binding pattern of CDK2 type II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Raed M Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University (NGU), Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
Covalent drugs have made a major impact on human health but until recently were shunned by the pharmaceutical industry over concerns about the potential for toxicity. A resurgence has occurred driven by the clinical success of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs), with eight drugs approved over the past decade. The opportunity to create unique drugs by exploiting the covalent mechanism of action has enabled clinically decisive target product profiles to be achieved. TCIs have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for non-small-cell lung cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This Perspective will highlight the clinical and financial success of this class of drugs and provide early insight into toxicity, a key factor that had hindered progress in the field. Further innovation in the TCI approach, including expanding beyond cysteine-directed electrophiles, kinases, and cancer, highlights the broad opportunity to deliver a new generation of breakthrough therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juswinder Singh
- Ankaa Therapeutics, M2D2 Incubator, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
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Zhou Q, Wu L, Hu P, An T, Zhou J, Zhang L, Liu XQ, Luo F, Zheng X, Cheng Y, Yang N, Li J, Feng J, Han B, Song Y, Wang K, Zhang L, Fang J, Zhao H, Shu Y, Lin XY, Chen Z, Gan B, Xu WH, Tang W, Zhang X, Yang JJ, Xu X, Wu YL. A Novel Third-generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Abivertinib for EGFR T790M-mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a Multicenter Phase I/II Study. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1127-1135. [PMID: 34740925 PMCID: PMC9365372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish recommended phase II dose (RP2D) in phase I and evaluate safety and efficacy of abivertinib in patients with EGFR Thr790Met point mutation (T790M)-positive(+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with disease progression from prior EGFR inhibitors in phase II. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter, open-label study included 367 adult Chinese patients. Abivertinib at doses of 50 mg twice a day to 350 mg twice a day was evaluated in phase I in continual 28-day cycles, and the RP2D of 300 mg twice a day was used in phase II in continual 21-day cycles. Primary endpoints include RP2D in phase I and objective response rate (ORR) at RP2D in phase II. RESULTS The RP2D of 300 mg twice a day for abivertinib was established based on pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profiles across doses in phase I. In phase II, 227 patients received RP2D for a median treatment duration of 24.6 weeks (0.43-129). Among 209 response-evaluable patients, confirmed ORR was 52.2% [109/209; 95% confidence interval (CI): 45.2-59.1]. Disease control rate (DCR) was 88.0% (184/209; 95% CI: 82.9-92.1). The median duration of response (DoR) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.5 months (95% CI: 6.1-9.2) and 7.5 months (95% CI: 6.0-8.8), respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 24.9 months [95% CI: 22.4-not reachable (NR)]. All (227/227) patients reported at least 1 adverse event (AE), with 96.9% (220/227) of treatment-related AEs. Treatment-related serious AEs were reported in 13.7% (31/227) of patients. Death was reported in 4.4% (10/227) of patients, and none was deemed as treatment-related. CONCLUSIONS Abivertinib of 300 mg twice a day demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy with manageable side effects in patients with EGFR T790M+ NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Chest Cancer Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong An
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/China Cancer Research Foundation/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Oncology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Gan
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Hong Xu
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Research, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Research, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Jin-Ji Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- ACEA Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Corresponding Author: Yi-Long Wu, Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, China. Phone: 208-387-7855; E-mail:
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34
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Hashem HE, Amr AEGE, Nossier ES, Anwar MM, Azmy EM. New Benzimidazole-, 1,2,4-Triazole-, and 1,3,5-Triazine-Based Derivatives as Potential EGFR WT and EGFR T790M Inhibitors: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7155-7171. [PMID: 35252706 PMCID: PMC8892849 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new series of benzimidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and 1,3,5-triazine derivatives were designed and synthesized using a microwave irradiation synthetic approach utilizing 2-phenylacetyl isothiocyanate (1) as a key starting material. All the new analogues were evaluated as anticancer agents against a panel of cancer cell lines utilizing doxorubicin as a standard drug. Most of the tested derivatives exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A-549 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the new target compounds 5, 6, and 7 as the most potent antiproliferative agents have been assessed as in vitro EGFRWT and EGFRT790M inhibitors compared to the reference drugs erlotinib and AZD9291. They represented more potent suppression activity against the mutated EGFRT790M than the wild-type EGFRWT. Moreover, the compounds 5, 6, and 7 down-regulated the oncogenic parameter p53 ubiquitination. A docking simulation of compound 6b was carried out to correlate its molecular structure with its significant EGFR inhibition potency and its possible binding interactions within the active site of EGFRWT and the mutant EGFRT790M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E. Hashem
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams
University, Heliopolis, Cairo 11757, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Galil E. Amr
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC),
College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Department, National Research
Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Nossier
- Pharmaceutical
Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy
(Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Anwar
- Department
of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Azmy
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams
University, Heliopolis, Cairo 11757, Egypt
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35
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Okuma Y, Shimokawa M, Hashimoto K, Mizutani H, Wakui H, Murakami S, Atagi S, Minato K, Seike M, Ohe Y, Kubota K. Uncommon EGFR mutations conducted with osimertinib in patients with NSCLC: a study protocol of phase 2 study (UNICORN/TCOG1901). Future Oncol 2022; 18:523-531. [PMID: 35034503 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with uncommon EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) demonstrated lower clinical efficacy of first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors compared with patients harboring common EGFR-mutated NSCLC. The US FDA has approved afatinib for uncommon EGFR mutation positive NSCLC based on the pooled analysis in the first- or second-line setting. Osimertinib has limited evidence in the small sample sizes of phase 2 studies in any-line settings. The aim of the present single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study is to evaluate the efficacy of osimertinib for previously untreated NSCLC. The primary end point is to assess the overall response to osimertinib. The secondary end points include disease control rate, progression-free survival, duration of time-to-treatment failure, overall survival and safety. Clinical trial registration: jRCTs071200002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kana Hashimoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology & Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mizutani
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shuji Murakami
- Deparmtment of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Shinji Atagi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka 591-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Minato
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma 373-0828, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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36
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Structural Insight and Development of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030819. [PMID: 35164092 PMCID: PMC8838133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high prevalence, with a growing number of new cases and mortality every year. Furthermore, the survival rate of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is still quite low in the majority of cases. Despite the use of conventional therapy such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), which is highly expressed in most NSCLC cases, there was still no substantial improvement in patient survival. This is due to the drug’s ineffectiveness and high rate of resistance among individuals with mutant EGFR. Therefore, the development of new inhibitors is urgently needed. Understanding the EGFR structure, including its kinase domain and other parts of the protein, and its activation mechanism can accelerate the discovery of novel compounds targeting this protein. This study described the structure of the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains of EGFR. This was carried out along with identifying the binding pose of commercially available inhibitors in the ATP-binding and allosteric sites, thereby clarifying the research gaps that can be filled. The binding mechanism of inhibitors that have been used clinically was also explained, thereby aiding the structure-based development of new drugs.
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37
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Watt SKI, Charlebois JG, Rowley CN, Keillor JW. A mechanistic study of thiol addition to N-phenylacrylamide. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8898-8906. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data from a Brønsted-type plot, a solvent kinetic isotope effect, a pH-rate plot and temperature studies are all consistent with rate-limiting nucleophilic attack of thiolate followed by rapid protonation of the enolate adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. I. Watt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Janique G. Charlebois
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey W. Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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38
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Ferlenghi F, Scalvini L, Vacondio F, Castelli R, Bozza N, Marseglia G, Rivara S, Lodola A, La Monica S, Minari R, Petronini PG, Alfieri R, Tiseo M, Mor M. A sulfonyl fluoride derivative inhibits EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S by covalent modification of the catalytic lysine. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113786. [PMID: 34464874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the C797S mutation in EGFR is a frequent mechanism of resistance to osimertinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present work, we report the design, synthesis and biochemical characterization of UPR1444 (compound 11), a new sulfonyl fluoride derivative which potently and irreversibly inhibits EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S through the formation of a sulfonamide bond with the catalytic residue Lys745. Enzymatic assays show that compound 11 displayed an inhibitory activity on EGFRWT comparable to that of osimertinib, and it resulted more selective than the sulfonyl fluoride probe XO44, recently reported to inhibit a significant part of the kinome. Neither compound 11 nor XO44 inhibited EGFRdel19/T790M/C797S triple mutant. When tested in Ba/F3 cells expressing EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S, compound 11 resulted significantly more potent than osimertinib at inhibiting both EGFR autophosphorylation and proliferation, even if the inhibition of EGFR autophosphorylation by compound 11 in Ba/F3 cells was not long lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicole Bozza
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia La Monica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Minari
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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39
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Emerging role of exosomes as biomarkers in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103565. [PMID: 34871719 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly growing. These massive amounts of cancer patients require rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment strategies. However, the currently utilized methods are invasive and cost-effective. Recently, the effective roles of exosomes as promising diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers have been revealed. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles containing RNAs, DNAs, and proteins, and are present in a wide array of body fluids. Exosomal cargos have shown the potential to detect various types of cancers at early stages with high sensitivity and specificity. They can also delivery therapeutic agents efficiently. In this article, an overview of recent advances in the research of exosomal biomarkers and their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment has been provided. Furthermore, the advantages and challenges of exosomes as liquid biopsy targets are discussed and the clinical implications of using exosomal miRNAs have been revealed.
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40
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Cheng Y, Zhang T, Xu Q. Therapeutic advances in non-small cell lung cancer: Focus on clinical development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:692-729. [PMID: 34977873 PMCID: PMC8706764 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer still contributes to nearly one-quarter cancer-related deaths in the past decades, despite the rapid development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The development and availability of comprehensive genomic profiling make the classification of NSCLC more precise and personalized. Most treatment decisions of advanced-stage NSCLC have been made based on the genetic features and PD-L1 expression of patients. For the past 2 years, more than 10 therapeutic strategies have been approved as first-line treatment for certain subgroups of NSCLC. However, some major challenges remain, including drug resistance and low rate of overall survival. Therefore, we discuss and review the therapeutic strategies of NSCLC, and focus on the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in advanced-stage NSCLC. Based on the latest guidelines, we provide an updated summary on the standard treatment for NSCLC. At last, we discussed several potential therapies for NSCLC. The development of new drugs and combination therapies both provide promising therapeutic effects on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of OncologyShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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41
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Shahid RK, Ahmed S, Le D, Yadav S. Diabetes and Cancer: Risk, Challenges, Management and Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5735. [PMID: 34830886 PMCID: PMC8616213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus and cancer are commonly coexisting illnesses, and the global incidence and prevalence of both are rising. Cancer patients with diabetes face unique challenges. This review highlights the relationship between diabetes and cancer and various aspects of the management of diabetes in cancer patients. METHODS A literature search using keywords in PubMed was performed. Studies that were published in English prior to July 2021 were assessed and an overview of epidemiology, cancer risk, outcomes, treatment-related hyperglycemia and management of diabetes in cancer patients is provided. RESULTS Overall, 8-18% of cancer patients have diabetes as a comorbid medical condition. Diabetes is a risk factor for certain solid malignancies, such as pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, and endometrial cancer. Several novel targeted compounds and immunotherapies can cause hyperglycemia. Nevertheless, most patients undergoing cancer therapy can be managed with an appropriate glucose lowering agent without the need for discontinuation of cancer treatment. Evidence suggests that cancer patients with diabetes have higher cancer-related mortality; therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is important in the management of patients with diabetes and cancer for a better outcome. CONCLUSIONS Future studies are required to better understand the underlying mechanism between the risk of cancer and diabetes. Furthermore, high-quality prospective studies evaluating management of diabetes in cancer patients using innovative tools are needed. A patient-centered approach is important in cancer patients with diabetes to avoid adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia K. Shahid
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada; (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Duc Le
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada; (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sunil Yadav
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada; (D.L.); (S.Y.)
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42
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Challenge and countermeasures for EGFR targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188645. [PMID: 34793897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer causes the highest mortality compared to other cancers in the world according to the latest WHO reports. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) contributes about 85% of total lung cancer cases. An extensive number of risk factors are attributed to the progression of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), one of the most frequently mutant driver genes, is closely involved in the development of lung cancer through regulation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. As a representative of precision medicine, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeted therapy significantly relieves the development of activating mutant EGFR-driven NSCLC. However, treatment with TKIs facilitates the emergence of acquired resistance that continues to pose a significant hurdle with respect to EGFR targeted therapy. In this review, the development of current approved EGFR-TKIs as well as the related supporting clinical trials are summarized and discussed. Mechanisms of action and resistance were addressed respectively, which serve as important guides to understanding acquired resistance. We also explored the corresponding combination treatment options according to different resistance mechanisms. Future challenges include more comprehensive characterization of unclear resistance mechanisms in different populations and the development of more efficient and precision synthetic therapeutic strategies.
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43
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Yan D, Earp HS, DeRyckere D, Graham DK. Targeting MERTK and AXL in EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5639. [PMID: 34830794 PMCID: PMC8616094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MERTK and AXL are members of the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases and are abnormally expressed in 69% and 93% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), respectively. Expression of MERTK and/or AXL provides a survival advantage for NSCLC cells and correlates with lymph node metastasis, drug resistance, and disease progression in patients with NSCLC. The TAM receptors on host tumor infiltrating cells also play important roles in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, MERTK and AXL are attractive biologic targets for NSCLC treatment. Here, we will review physiologic and oncologic roles for MERTK and AXL with an emphasis on the potential to target these kinases in NSCLCs with activating EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (D.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (D.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - Douglas K. Graham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (D.Y.); (D.D.)
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44
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Hu H, Piotrowska Z, Hare PJ, Chen H, Mulvey HE, Mayfield A, Noeen S, Kattermann K, Greenberg M, Williams A, Riley AK, Wilson JJ, Mao YQ, Huang RP, Banwait MK, Ho J, Crowther GS, Hariri LP, Heist RS, Kodack DP, Pinello L, Shaw AT, Mino-Kenudson M, Hata AN, Sequist LV, Benes CH, Niederst MJ, Engelman JA. Three subtypes of lung cancer fibroblasts define distinct therapeutic paradigms. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1531-1547.e10. [PMID: 34624218 PMCID: PMC8578451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly heterogeneous. With the lack of a comprehensive understanding of CAFs' functional distinctions, it remains unclear how cancer treatments could be personalized based on CAFs in a patient's tumor. We have established a living biobank of CAFs derived from biopsies of patients' non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) that encompasses a broad molecular spectrum of CAFs in clinical NSCLC. By functionally interrogating CAF heterogeneity using the same therapeutics received by patients, we identify three functional subtypes: (1) robustly protective of cancers and highly expressing HGF and FGF7; (2) moderately protective of cancers and highly expressing FGF7; and (3) those providing minimal protection. These functional differences among CAFs are governed by their intrinsic TGF-β signaling, which suppresses HGF and FGF7 expression. This CAF functional classification correlates with patients' clinical response to targeted therapies and also associates with the tumor immune microenvironment, therefore providing an avenue to guide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Hu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Zofia Piotrowska
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Patricia J Hare
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huidong Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hillary E Mulvey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aislinn Mayfield
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sundus Noeen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Krystina Kattermann
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Max Greenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - August Williams
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Amanda K Riley
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Ying-Qing Mao
- RayBiotech Inc, Norcross, GA 30092, USA; RayBiotech Inc, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech Inc, Norcross, GA 30092, USA; RayBiotech Inc, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Mandeep K Banwait
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Giovanna S Crowther
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David P Kodack
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Sener U, Kumthekar P, Boire A. Advances in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of leptomeningeal disease. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:v86-v95. [PMID: 34859236 PMCID: PMC8633748 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication of cancer with variable clinical presentation and limited benefit from existing treatment options. In this review, we discuss advances in LM diagnostics and therapeutics with the potential to reverse this grim course. Emerging cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor cell and cell-free tumor DNA analysis technologies will improve diagnosis of LM, while providing crucial genetic information, capturing tumor heterogeneity, and quantifying disease burden. Circulating tumor cells and cell-free tumor DNA have utility as biomarkers to track disease progression and treatment response. Treatment options for LM include ventriculoperitoneal shunting for symptomatic relief, radiation therapy including whole-brain radiation and focal radiation for bulky leptomeningeal involvement, and systemic and intrathecal medical therapies, including targeted and immunotherapies based on tumor mutational profiling. While existing treatments for LM have limited efficacy, recent advances in liquid biopsy together with increasing availability of targeted treatments will lead to rational multimodal individualized treatments and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Sener
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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46
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Yang X, Zhong J, Yu Z, Zhuo M, Zhang M, Chen R, Xia X, Zhao J. Genetic and treatment profiles of patients with concurrent Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) mutations. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1107. [PMID: 34654390 PMCID: PMC8520304 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EGFR and ALK alternations often contribute to human malignancies, including lung cancer. EGFR and ALK mutations are usually sensitive to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and ALK-TKIs. Although generally mutually exclusive, these mutations do co-exist in rare cases. This study investigated the frequencies, clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacies, and genetic profiles of lung cancer patients with EGFR and ALK co-mutations. Methods Patients with concurrent EGFR and ALK mutations were included in this study, which analyzed mutation profiles and treatment histories. SPSS20.0 were used for survival analysis. Results Among 271 ALK-positive (ALK-pos) and 2975 EGFR-positive (EGFR-pos) patients in our database, nine (2.6% of ALK-pos and 0.2% of EGFR-pos) patients had concurrent EGFR and ALK mutations (including three exon19 Indel + EML4-ALK, two exon19 Indel + STRN-ALK, two L858R + L1152R, one L858R + EML4-ALK, and one G719C + S768I + STRN-ALK). Eight patients had at least one type of EGFR-TKIs treatment. The median progression free survival (PFS) of these patients on first-generation EGFR-TKIs was 14.5 months (95% CI: 11 - NR). Of these eight patients, one who progressed on Gefitinib and subsequently on Osimertinib had a T790M + C797G. The other seven EGFR-TKIs resistance patients had no known resistance mutations. No patients had ALK mutations before treatment, so ALK mutations may have developed as resistance mechanisms during EGFR-TKIs therapies. EGFR-TKIs-treated patients with EGFR/ALK L1152R mutations generally had a shorter PFS than patients with other mutation combinations. Conclusions ALK and EGFR mutations coincide at a relatively low frequency in lung cancer patients. ALK mutations developed either synchronously or heterochronously with EGFR mutations. Two ALK mutations (L1152R and STRN-ALK) may co-exist with EGFR mutations at a higher frequency than others. Most EGFR/ALK co-alteration patients (other than the EGFR/ALK L1152R type) can benefit from first line EGFR-TKIs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08824-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Yang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.52, Fucheng Road, Haidian district, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Minglei Zhuo
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.52, Fucheng Road, Haidian district, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- GenePlus-Beijing, Beijing, 102206, China
| | | | | | - Jun Zhao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.52, Fucheng Road, Haidian district, Beijing, China.
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Sharma B, Singh VJ, Chawla PA. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors as potential anticancer agents: An update of recent progress. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105393. [PMID: 34628226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a vital intermediate in cell signaling pathway including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastatic spread and also having four divergent members with similar structural features, such as EGFR (HER1/ErbB1), ErbB2 (HER2/neu), ErbB3 (HER3), and ErbB4 (HER4). Despite this, clinically exploited inhibitors of EGFR (including erlotinib, lapatinib, gefitinib, selumetinib, etc.) are not specific thus provoking unenviable adverse effects. Some of the paramount obstacles to generate and develop new lead molecules of EGFR inhibitors are drug resistance, mutation, and also selectivity which inspire medicinal chemists to generate novel chemotypes. The discovery of therapeutic agents that inhibit the precise stage in tumorous cells such as EGFR is one of the chief successful targets in many cancer therapies, including lung and breast cancers. This review aims to compile the various recent progressions (2016-2021) in the discovery and development of diverse epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors belonging to distinct structural classes like pyrazoline, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, coumarin, benzothiazole, etc. We have summarized preclinical and clinical data, structure-activity relationships (SAR) containing mechanistic and in silico studies to provide proposals for the design and invention of new EGFR inhibitors with therapeutic significance. The detailed progress of the work in the field will provide inexorable scope for the development of novel drug candidates with greater selectivity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Vikram Jeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India.
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48
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Quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetic study of a novel diarylurea EGFR inhibitor (ZCJ14) in rat plasma using a validated LC-MS/MS method. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:415-428. [PMID: 36654089 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
1-(4-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl-methyl)phenyl)-3-(4-((3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)amino)quinazolin-6-yl)urea (ZCJ14), a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, with diarylurea moiety, displays anticancer effect. In the present study, an LCMS/MS method was established to determine the concentration of ZCJ14 in rat plasma. Furthermore, the method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ZCJ14. Chromatographic separation of ZCJ14 and internal standard (IS) [1-phenyl-3-(4-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino) quinazolin-6-yl)urea] was accomplished by gradient elution using the Kromasil C18 column. The selected reaction monitoring transitions were performed at m/z 507.24→436.18 and 424.13→330.96 for ZCJ14 and IS, resp. The established method was linear over the concentration range of 10-1000 ng mL-1. The intra- and inter-day precisions were < 11.0 % (except for LLOQ which was up to 14.3 %) and the respective accuracies were within the range of 87.5-99.0 %. The extraction recovery and matrix effect were within the range of 88.4-104.5 % and 87.3-109.9 %, resp. ZCJ14 was stable under all storage conditions. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of ZCJ14 in rats, and the pharmacokinetic parameters have been determined. The oral bioavailability of ZCJ14 was found to be 46.1 %. Overall, this accurate and reliable quantification method might be useful for other diarylurea moiety-containing drugs.
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49
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Dalurzo ML, Avilés-Salas A, Soares FA, Hou Y, Li Y, Stroganova A, Öz B, Abdillah A, Wan H, Choi YL. Testing for EGFR Mutations and ALK Rearrangements in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Considerations for Countries in Emerging Markets. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4671-4692. [PMID: 34511936 PMCID: PMC8420791 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s313669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years has been increasingly guided by biomarker testing. Testing has centered on driver genetic alterations involving the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements. The presence of these mutations is predictive of response to targeted therapies such as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and ALK TKIs. However, there are substantial challenges for the implementation of biomarker testing, particularly in emerging countries. Understanding the barriers to testing in NSCLC will be key to improving molecular testing rates worldwide and patient outcomes as a result. In this article, we review EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements as predictive biomarkers for NSCLC, discuss a selection of appropriate tests and review the literature with respect to the global uptake of EGFR and ALK testing. To help improve testing rates and unify procedures, we review our experiences with biomarker testing in China, South Korea, Russia, Turkey, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, and propose a set of recommendations that pathologists from emerging countries can apply to assist with the diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes L Dalurzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Stroganova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Büge Öz
- Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arif Abdillah
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG – Singapore Branch, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Wan
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG – Singapore Branch, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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50
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Guilinger JP, Archna A, Augustin M, Bergmann A, Centrella PA, Clark MA, Cuozzo JW, Däther M, Guié MA, Habeshian S, Kiefersauer R, Krapp S, Lammens A, Lercher L, Liu J, Liu Y, Maskos K, Mrosek M, Pflügler K, Siegert M, Thomson HA, Tian X, Zhang Y, Konz Makino DL, Keefe AD. Novel irreversible covalent BTK inhibitors discovered using DNA-encoded chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 42:116223. [PMID: 34091303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Libraries of DNA-Encoded small molecules created using combinatorial chemistry and synthetic oligonucleotides are being applied to drug discovery projects across the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of reported projects describe the discovery of reversible, i.e. non-covalent, target modulators. We synthesized multiple DNA-encoded chemical libraries terminated in electrophiles and then used them to discover covalent irreversible inhibitors and report the successful discovery of acrylamide- and epoxide-terminated Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors. We also demonstrate their selectivity, potency and covalent cysteine engagement using a range of techniques including X-ray crystallography, thermal transition shift assay, reporter displacement assay and intact protein complex mass spectrometry. The epoxide BTK inhibitors described here are the first ever reported to utilize this electrophile for this target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Archna Archna
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Augustin
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - John W Cuozzo
- ZebiAI Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Maike Däther
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Sevan Habeshian
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reiner Kiefersauer
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan Krapp
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alfred Lammens
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lukas Lercher
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julie Liu
- Accent Therapeutics Inc., 65 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Cyteir Therapeutics, 128 Spring St, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Klaus Maskos
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Pflügler
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Siegert
- Proteros biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Xia Tian
- Nurix Therapeutics Inc., 1700 Owens Street, Suite 205 San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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