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Matenda RT, Rip D, Marais J, Williams PJ. Exploring the potential of hyperspectral imaging for microbial assessment of meat: A review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124261. [PMID: 38608560 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Food safety is always of paramount importance globally due to the devasting social and economic effects of foodborne disease outbreaks. There is a high consumption rate of meat worldwide, making it an essential protein source in the human diet, hence its microbial safety is of great importance. The food industry stakeholders are always in search of methods that ensure safe food whilst maintaining food quality and excellent sensory attributes. Currently, there are several methods used in microbial food analysis, however, these methods are often time-consuming and do not allow real-time analysis. Considering the recent technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and machine learning, it raises the question of whether these advancements could be leveraged within the meat industry to improve turnaround time for microbial assessments. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a highly prospective technology worth exploring for microbial analysis. The rapid, non-destructive method has the potential to be integrated into food production systems and allows foodborne pathogen detection in food samples, thus saving time. Although there has been a substantial increase in research on the utilisation of HSI in food applications over the past years, its use in the microbial assessment of meat is not yet optimal. This review aims to provide a basic understanding of the visible-near infrared HSI system, recent applications in the microbial assessment of meat products, challenges, and possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumbidzai T Matenda
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Diane Rip
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Jeannine Marais
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Paul J Williams
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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Matenda RT, Rip D, Fernández Pierna JA, Baeten V, Williams PJ. Differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes serotypes using near infrared hyperspectral imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124579. [PMID: 38850824 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Among the severe foodborne illnesses, listeriosis resulting from the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes exhibits one of the highest fatality rates. This study investigated the application of near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) for the classification of three L. monocytogenes serotypes namely serotype 4b, 1/2a and 1/2c. The bacteria were cultured on Brain Heart Infusion agar, and NIR hyperspectral images were captured in the spectral range 900-2500 nm. Different pre-processing methods were applied to the raw spectra and principal component analysis was used for data exploration. Classification was achieved with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA results revealed classification accuracies exceeding 80 % for all the bacterial serotypes for both training and test set data. Based on validation data, sensitivity values for L. monocytogenes serotype 4b, 1/2a and 1/2c were 0.69, 0.80 and 0.98, respectively when using full wavelength data. The reduced wavelength model had sensitivity values of 0.65, 0.85 and 0.98 for serotype 4b, 1/2a and 1/2c, respectively. The most relevant bands for serotype discrimination were identified to be around 1490 nm and 1580-1690 nm based on both principal component loadings and variable importance in projection scores. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing NIR-HSI for detecting and classifying L. monocytogenes serotypes on growth media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumbidzai T Matenda
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Diane Rip
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Juan A Fernández Pierna
- Quality and authentication of products Unit, Knowledge and valorization of agricultural products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur,24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Vincent Baeten
- Quality and authentication of products Unit, Knowledge and valorization of agricultural products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur,24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Paul J Williams
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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Mather AE, Gilmour MW, Reid SWJ, French NP. Foodborne bacterial pathogens: genome-based approaches for enduring and emerging threats in a complex and changing world. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01051-z. [PMID: 38789668 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses pose a substantial health and economic burden, presenting challenges in prevention due to the diverse microbial hazards that can enter and spread within food systems. Various factors, including natural, political and commercial drivers, influence food production and distribution. The risks of foodborne illness will continue to evolve in step with these drivers and with changes to food systems. For example, climate impacts on water availability for agriculture, changes in food sustainability targets and evolving customer preferences can all have an impact on the ecology of foodborne pathogens and the agrifood niches that can carry microorganisms. Whole-genome and metagenome sequencing, combined with microbial surveillance schemes and insights from the food system, can provide authorities and businesses with transformative information to address risks and implement new food safety interventions across the food chain. In this Review, we describe how genome-based approaches have advanced our understanding of the evolution and spread of enduring bacterial foodborne hazards as well as their role in identifying emerging foodborne hazards. Furthermore, foodborne hazards exist in complex microbial communities across the entire food chain, and consideration of these co-existing organisms is essential to understanding the entire ecology supporting pathogen persistence and transmission in an evolving food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Matthew W Gilmour
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Nigel P French
- Tāuwharau Ora, School of Veterinary Science, Te Kunenga Ki Pūrehuroa, Massey University, Papaioea, Palmerston North, Aotearoa New Zealand
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Pierneef RE, Chen Y, Moerane R, Adesiyun AA. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Obtained from the Beef Production Chain in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1003. [PMID: 38792832 PMCID: PMC11123765 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The study used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis for the genomic characterization of 60 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes obtained from the beef production chain (cattle farms, abattoirs, and retail outlets) in Gauteng province, South Africa. The sequence types (STs), clonal complexes (CCs), and the lineages of the isolates were determined using in silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST). We used BLAST-based analyses to identify virulence and antimicrobial genes, plasmids, proviruses/prophages, and the CRISPR-Cas system. The study investigated any association of the detected genes to the origin in the beef production chain of the L. monocytogenes isolates. Overall, in 60 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, there were seven STs, six CCs, forty-four putative virulence factors, two resistance genes, one plasmid with AMR genes, and three with conjugative genes, one CRISPR gene, and all 60 isolates were positive for proviruses/prophages. Among the seven STs detected, ST204 (46.7%) and ST2 (21.7%) were the most prominent, with ST frequency varying significantly (p < 0.001). The predominant CC detected were CC2 (21.7%) and CC204 (46.7%) in lineages I and II, respectively. Of the 44 virulence factors detected, 26 (across Listeria Pathogenicity Islands, LIPIs) were present in all the isolates. The difference in the detection frequency varied significantly (p < 0.001). The two AMR genes (fosX and vga(G)) detected were present in all 60 (100%) isolates of L. monocytogenes. The only plasmid, NF033156, was present in three (5%) isolates. A CRISPR-Cas system was detected in six (10%), and all the isolates carried proviruses/prophages. The source and sample type significantly affected the frequencies of STs and virulence factors in the isolates of L. monocytogenes. The presence of fosX and vga(G) genes in all L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from the three industries of the beef production chain can potentially cause therapeutic implications. Our study, which characterized L. monocytogenes recovered from the three levels in the beef production chain, is the first time genomics was performed on this type of data set in the country, and this provides insights into the health implications of Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, Kontagora 923101, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Rian Edward Pierneef
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Dr. Room 4E-007/Mailstop HFS-710, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Abiodun Adewale Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago
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Lagarde J, Feurer C, Denis M, Douarre PE, Piveteau P, Roussel S. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence and genomic diversity along the pig and pork production chain. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104430. [PMID: 38225039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe invasive illness. This ubiquitous species is widely distributed in the environment, but infection occurs almost exclusively through ingestion of contaminated food. The pork production sector has been heavily affected by a series of L. monocytogenes-related foodborne outbreaks in the past around the world. Ready-to-eat (RTE) pork products represent one of the main food sources for strong-evidence listeriosis outbreaks. This pathogen is known to be present throughout the entire pig and pork production chain. Some studies hypothesized that the main source of contamination in final pork products was either living pigs or the food-processing environment. A detailed genomic picture of L. monocytogenes can provide a renewed understanding of the routes of contamination from pig farms to the final products. This review provides an overview of the prevalence, the genomic diversity and the genetic background linked to virulence of L. monocytogenes along the entire pig and pork production chain, from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lagarde
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France; INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP, The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, La Motte au Vicomte, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (UHQPAP), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, 31 rue des fusillés, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Piveteau
- INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Je HJ, Kim UI, Koo OK. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in food products in South Korea. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110655. [PMID: 38430686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause deadly severe listeriosis. While systematic review and meta-analysis are powerful tools for comprehensive analysis by pooling every related study, these approaches to L.monocytogenes contamination food have yet to be studied in South Korea. We aimed to identify high-risk L.monocytogenes foods in South Korea through a prevalence survey of retail food products for the first time. A total of 13,684 samples of 59 articles were used for meta-analysis through the systematic review, and the results were synthesized using a random-effects model considering the heterogeneity. The overall pooled prevalence was 2.26 % (95 % CI: 1.44-3.52 %). Among nine food categories, meat exhibited the highest prevalence at 8.32 % (95 % CI: 4.42-12.14 %) after sample size restriction. Specifically, a post-hoc sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the prevalence difference among subgroups and the source of heterogeneity. Intriguingly, the analysis revealed chicken as the primary contributor to the elevated prevalence of L.monocytogenes, a key factor deriving the observed heterogeneity. This study carries significant implications for public health and food safety in Korea. Furthermore, knowledge of differences in prevalence levels in various foods will be able to be used as a predictive guideline for foodborne outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Je
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui In Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Koo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Ngema SS, Madoroba E. A Mini-Review of Anti-Listerial Compounds from Marine Actinobacteria (1990-2023). Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:362. [PMID: 38667038 PMCID: PMC11047329 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the foodborne illnesses, listeriosis has the third highest case mortality rate (20-30% or higher). Emerging drug-resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes, a causative bacterium of listeriosis, exacerbate the seriousness of this public health concern. Novel anti-Listerial compounds are therefore needed to combat this challenge. In recent years, marine actinobacteria have come to be regarded as a promising source of novel antimicrobials. Hence, our aim was to provide a narrative of the available literature and discuss trends regarding bioprospecting marine actinobacteria for new anti-Listerial compounds. Four databases were searched for the review: Academic Search Ultimate, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and South African Thesis and Dissertations. The search was restricted to peer-reviewed full-text manuscripts that discussed marine actinobacteria as a source of antimicrobials and were written in English from 1990 to December 2023. In total, for the past three decades (1990-December 2023), only 23 compounds from marine actinobacteria have been tested for their anti-Listerial potential. Out of the 23 reported compounds, only 2-allyoxyphenol, adipostatins E-G, 4-bromophenol, and ansamycins (seco-geldanamycin B, 4.5-dihydro-17-O-demethylgeldanamycin, and seco-geldanamycin) have been found to possess anti-Listerial activity. Thus, our literature survey reveals the scarcity of published assays testing the anti-Listerial capacity of bioactive compounds sourced from marine actinobacteria during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
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Rincón-Gamboa SM, Poutou-Piñales RA, Carrascal-Camacho AK. Distribution ofListeria spp., andListeria monocytogenesin micro- and small-scale meat product processing plants. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28662. [PMID: 38596116 PMCID: PMC11002064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a disease caused by L. monocytogenes, a relevant microorganism as a causative agent of foodborne diseases - FBD. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of Listeria spp., and L. monocytogenes in different production areas in two small plants (A and B) and two micro-food processing plants (C and D) producing meat derivatives, located in different cities of Colombia. The methodology implemented was i. The analysis of sampling points is based on a harmonised tool. ii. Four samplings in each production plant between 2019 and 2020. iii. Isolation and identification of microorganisms through conventional microbiology, a semi-automated system, molecular serotyping and clonal characterisation by ERIC-PCR. L. monocytogenes frequency in the production plants belonging to the study ranged between 5.9 and 28.6 %; for Listeria spp., plants A and D had isolated, plant A had the highest proportion, while for L. monocytogenes geno-serotypes found were: 1/2a, 1/2c, 4a-4c, 4b, 4d - 4e, with geno-serotype 4b as the most frequent. Furthermore, possible persistent isolates were detected in plant C as the feasible sources of contamination, based on failures in flow management, raw material contaminated with L. monocytogenes, lack of standardised cooking processes and transfer of the microorganism through equipment and surfaces. Finally, in three of the four production plants assayed, L. monocytogenes or Listeria spp. were present in the packaging area in some of the samples taken during the study, which calls for increased and frequent monitoring, as well as constant technical support for the control of L. monocytogenes in micro and small-scale production plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Rincón-Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos. Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI). Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C. 110-23, Colombia
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Molecular. Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI). Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C. 110-23, Colombia
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Molecular. Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI). Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C. 110-23, Colombia
| | - Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos. Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI). Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C. 110-23, Colombia
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Møretrø T, Wagner E, Heir E, Langsrud S, Fagerlund A. Genomic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes CC7 associated with clinical infections and persistence in the food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110482. [PMID: 37977076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes clonal complex 7 (CC7), belonging to lineage II, is the most common subtype among clinical listeriosis isolates in Norway, and is also commonly found in Norwegian food industry and outdoor environments. In the present study, the relative prevalence of CCs among clinical isolates of L. monocytogenes in European countries during 2010-2015 was determined. Then, phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses was performed for 115 Norwegian and 255 international reference genomes from various sources, to examine potential explanations underlying the high prevalence of CC7 among Norwegian listeriosis cases. Selected isolates were also compared using in vitro virulence assays. The results showed a high relative prevalence of CC7 in clinical isolates from Norway and the neighboring Nordic countries Sweden and Finland. In contrast to in most other European countries, lineage II dominated among clinical isolates in these countries. Phylogenetic analysis of the 370 CC7 isolates separated the genomes into four clades, with the majority of Norwegian isolates (69 %) clustered in one of these clades, estimated to have diverged from the other clades around year 1830. The Norwegian isolates within this clade were widely distributed in different habitats; several (poultry) meat processing factories, a salmon processing plant, in nature, farms, and slugs, and among human clinical isolates. In particular, one pervasive CC7 clone was found across three poultry processing plants and one salmon processing plant, and also included three clinical isolates. All analysed CC7 isolates harbored the same set of 72 genes involved in both general and specific stress responses. Divergence was observed for plasmid-encoded genes including genes conferring resistance against arsenic (Tn554-arsCBADR), cadmium (cadA1C1 and cadA2C2), and the biocide benzalkonium chloride (bcrABC). No significant difference in prevalence of these genes was seen between isolates from different habitats or sources. Virulence attributes were highly conserved among the CC7 isolates. In vitro virulence studies of five representative CC7 isolates revealed a virulence potential that, in general, was not significantly lower than that of the control strain EGDe, with isolate-dependent differences that could not be correlated with genetic determinants. The study shows that CC7 is widespread in Norway, and that a pervasive CC7 clone was present in food processing plants. The study highlights the importance of CC7 and lineage II strains in causing listeriosis and shows that more research is needed to understand the reasons behind geographical differences in CC prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway.
| | - Eva Wagner
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Annette Fagerlund
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-1430 Aas, Norway
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Zakaria AI, Sabala RF. Potential public health hazards related to consumption of poultry contaminated with antibiotic resistant Listeria monocytogenes in Egypt. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38287241 PMCID: PMC10823629 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that incorporated into many serious infections in human especially immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, the elderly, and newborns. The consumption of food contaminated with such bacteria is considered a source of potential risk for consumers. Therefore, a total of 250 poultry purchased in highly popular poultry stores besides 50 swabs from workers hands in the same stores, in Mansoura City had been tested for the L. monocytogenes prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance profile illustrating the health hazards from such poultry. The L. monocytogenes were recovered from 9.6% of poultry samples while not detected from workers hand swabs. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 24 L. monocytogenes strains against 24 antibiotics of seven different classes revealed high susceptibility rates to erythromycin (79.17%), streptomycin (66.67%), gentamycin (66.67%), vancomycin (58.33%), chloramphenicol (58.33%) and cefotaxime (41.67%). The majority (79.2%) of L. monocytogenes were classified as multidrug resistant strains with high resistance to tetracyclines and β-lactams antibiotics while 16.7% of the strains were categorized as extensively resistant ones. The iap virulence-specific determination gene had been detected in all recovered L. monocytogenes isolates while 83.33 and 70.83% of the isolates harbored hylA and actA genes. In addition, the study confirmed the capability of most L. monocytogenes isolates for biofilm formation by moderate to strong production and the quantitative risk assessment illustrated the risk of developing listeriosis as the risk value exceeded 100. The current results illustrate that poultry meat can be a source of pathogenic antibiotic resistant strains that may cause infection with limited or no treatment in immunosuppressed consumers via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Ibrahim Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Rana Fahmi Sabala
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Li Z, Xu C, Wang H, Yang R, Liu L. Clinical and Genomic Characteristics of a Clinical Listeria Monocytogenes ST120 Isolate Recovered from a Pregnant Woman. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:229-237. [PMID: 38283108 PMCID: PMC10821662 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s446860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal-fetal listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a rare but serious infection. Herein, we report the clinical and genomic characteristics of a clinical L. monocytogenes ST120 isolate recovered from a pregnant woman. Methods The clinical symptoms and treatment in pregnant woman were described in detail. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the L. monocytogenes isolate SJZ_LM001, and the genomic characterization of the isolate was deeply analyzed. Results The clinical symptoms in pregnant women were mainly fever, and the placenta experienced severe inflammation. The pregnant woman was treated with ampicillin for effective anti-infective therapy. Genomic analysis showed that isolate SJZ_LM001 is sequence type (ST) 120, belong to clonal complex (CC)8 and lineage II of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, the isolates SJZ_LM001 harbored a novel plasmid pSJZ_LM001, which carried arsenical resistance genes (arsACD and acr3), and cadmium resistance genes (cadAC). Drug susceptibility testing showed that the isolate SJZ-LM001 was susceptible to ampicillin, meropenem, penicillin, and cotrimoxazole. Conclusion This is the first to identify a clinical case of infection in a pregnant woman caused by ST120 L. monocytogenes in China. These findings could benefit our understanding of the genomic characteristics of L. monocytogenes, and the pregnancy-related listeriosis and providing early diagnosis and effective targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengbin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rugang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Fox E, Gosling R(B, Gil BM, Møretrø T, Stessl B, da Silva Felício MT, Messens W, Simon AC, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A. Persistence of microbiological hazards in food and feed production and processing environments. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8521. [PMID: 38250499 PMCID: PMC10797485 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (in the meat, fish and seafood, dairy and fruit and vegetable sectors), Salmonella enterica (in the feed, meat, egg and low moisture food sectors) and Cronobacter sakazakii (in the low moisture food sector) were identified as the bacterial food safety hazards most relevant to public health that are associated with persistence in the food and feed processing environment (FFPE). There is a wide range of subtypes of these hazards involved in persistence in the FFPE. While some specific subtypes are more commonly reported as persistent, it is currently not possible to identify universal markers (i.e. genetic determinants) for this trait. Common risk factors for persistence in the FFPE are inadequate zoning and hygiene barriers; lack of hygienic design of equipment and machines; and inadequate cleaning and disinfection. A well-designed environmental sampling and testing programme is the most effective strategy to identify contamination sources and detect potentially persistent hazards. The establishment of hygienic barriers and measures within the food safety management system, during implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points, is key to prevent and/or control bacterial persistence in the FFPE. Once persistence is suspected in a plant, a 'seek-and-destroy' approach is frequently recommended, including intensified monitoring, the introduction of control measures and the continuation of the intensified monitoring. Successful actions triggered by persistence of L. monocytogenes are described, as well as interventions with direct bactericidal activity. These interventions could be efficient if properly validated, correctly applied and verified under industrial conditions. Perspectives are provided for performing a risk assessment for relevant combinations of hazard and food sector to assess the relative public health risk that can be associated with persistence, based on bottom-up and top-down approaches. Knowledge gaps related to bacterial food safety hazards associated with persistence in the FFPE and priorities for future research are provided.
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13
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Sarr M, Alou MT, Padane A, Diouf FS, Beye M, Sokhna C, Fenollar F, Mboup S, Raoult D, Million M. A review of the literature of Listeria monocytogenes in Africa highlights breast milk as an overlooked human source. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1213953. [PMID: 38173673 PMCID: PMC10761537 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1213953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the latest WHO estimates (2015) of the global burden of foodborne diseases, Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for one of the most serious foodborne infections and commonly results in severe clinical outcomes. The 2013 French MONALISA prospective cohort identified that women born in Africa has a 3-fold increase in the risk of maternal neonatal listeriosis. One of the largest L. monocytogenes outbreaks occurred in South Africa in 2017-2018 with over 1,000 cases. Moreover, recent findings identified L. monocytogenes in human breast milk in Mali and Senegal with its relative abundance positively correlated with severe acute malnutrition. These observations suggest that the carriage of L. monocytogenes in Africa should be further explored, starting with the existing literature. For that purpose, we searched the peer-reviewed and grey literature published dating back to 1926 to date using six databases. Ultimately, 225 articles were included in this review. We highlighted that L. monocytogenes is detected in various sample types including environmental samples, food samples as well as animal and human samples. These studies were mostly conducted in five east African countries, four west African countries, four north African countries, and two Southern African countries. Moreover, only ≈ 0.2% of the Listeria monocytogenes genomes available on NCBI were obtained from African samples, contracted with its detection. The pangenome resulting from the African Listeria monocytogenes samples revealed three clusters including two from South-African strains as well as one consisting of the strains isolated from breast milk in Mali and Senegal and, a vaginal post-miscarriage sample. This suggests there was a clonal complex circulating in Mali and Senegal. As this clone has not been associated to infections, further studies should be conducted to confirm its circulation in the region and explore its association with foodborne infections. Moreover, it is apparent that more resources should be allocated to the detection of L. monocytogenes as only 15/54 countries have reported its detection in the literature. It seems paramount to map the presence and carriage of L. monocytogenes in all African countries to prevent listeriosis outbreaks and the related miscarriages and confirm its association with severe acute malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marièma Sarr
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formation (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Abdou Padane
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formation (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatou Samba Diouf
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Beye
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formation (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Ponzio E, Di Biagio K, Dolcini J, Sarti D, Pompili M, Fiacchini D, Cerioni C, Ciavattini A, Gasperini B, Prospero E. Epidemiology of listeriosis in a region in central Italy from 2010 to 2019: Estimating the real incidence and space-time analysis for detecting cluster of cases. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1904-1910. [PMID: 37866268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contamination and transmission of different Listeria monocytogenes strains along food chain are a serious threat to public health and food safety. Understanding the distribution of diseases in time and space-time is fundamental in the epidemiological study and in preventive medicine programs. The aim of this study is to estimate listeriosis incidence along 10-years period and to perform space-time cluster analysis of listeriosis cases in Marche Region, Italy. METHODS The number of observed listeriosis cases/year was derived from regional data of surveillance of notifiable diseases and hospital discharge form. The capture and recapture method (C-R method) was applied to estimate the real incidence of listeriosis cases in Marche Region and the space-time scan statistics analysis was performed to detect clusters of space-time of listeriosis cases and add precision to the conventional epidemiological analysis. RESULTS The C-R method estimation of listeriosis cases was 119 in the 10- year period (2010-2019), with an average of 31.93 % of unobserved cases (lost cases). The estimated mean annual incidence of listeriosis was 0.77 per 100,000 inhabitants (95 %CI 0.65-0.92), accounting for 6.07 % of additional listeriosis cases per year than observed cases. Using the scan statistic, the two most likely clusters were identified, one of these was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The underdiagnosis and under-reporting in addition to listeriosis incidence variability suggested that the surveillance system of Marche Region should be improved. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of the ability of space-time cluster analysis to complement traditional surveillance of food-borne diseases and to understand the local risk factors by implementing timely targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ponzio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Di Biagio
- Environmental Epidemiology Unit - Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Dolcini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Donatella Sarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Fiacchini
- Public Health Department, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerioni
- School of Obstetric Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gasperini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Emilia Prospero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Charlier C, Barrault Z, Rousseau J, Kermorvant-Duchemin E, Meyzer C, Semeraro M, Fall M, Coulpier G, Leclercq A, Charles MA, Ancel PY, Lecuit M. Long-term neurological and neurodevelopmental outcome of neonatal listeriosis in France: a prospective, matched, observational cohort study. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:875-885. [PMID: 37871603 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal-neonatal listeriosis is a rare and serious infection. The long-term outcome of surviving infants with early-onset or late-onset listeriosis remains unknown. We aimed to determine the long-term neurological and neurodevelopmental outcome of neonatal listeriosis. METHODS In this prospective, matched, observational cohort study, we evaluated children born with microbiologically confirmed maternal-neonatal listeriosis in the French MONALISA cohort. At age 5 years, children underwent neurological and neurodevelopmental assessments of sensory deficits, executive function, adaptive behaviour, and cognitive and motor coordination function. The cognitive domain was assessed using the French version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, fourth edition, and scored by Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). The motor domain was assessed by physical examination designed to screen for cerebral palsy and developmental coordination disorder. Executive functioning was assessed using the statue and inhibition subtests of Neuropsychological Assessment, second version. The sensory domain was assessed by parental interview, medical report, and clinical assessment. Adaptive behaviour was measured using the Vineland-II behaviour scale from parent-reported assessments of functional communication, socialisation, daily living, and motor skills. Results were compared with gestational age-matched children from two national prospective cohorts: EPIPAGE-2 (preterm infants) and ELFE (term infants from a general population of infants >32 weeks gestation). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02580812). FINDINGS Of 59 children who were alive and eligible to participate in the study, 53 (median age 5 years, IQR 5-6) were enrolled for neurodevelopmental assessments between Oct 26, 2016, and Oct 29, 2019. Of 53 children, 31 (58%) had been born preterm, 22 (42%) had early-onset systemic infection, 18 (34%) had early-onset non-systemic infection, and six (11%) had late-onset systemic infection, all with meningitis. 29 (66%) of 44 children, in whom neurodevelopmental disabilities scores were available, developed at least one disability; eight (18%) children had severe neurodevelopmental disabilities. Of four children with late-onset infection and in whom neurodevelopmental disabilities scores were available, three developed at least one neurodevelopmental disability. Neurological and neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with neonatal listeriosis did not differ from those of gestational age-matched control children without infection (relative risk [RR] of at least one disability 0·99 [95% CI 0·65-1·51; p=0·97]; RR of FSIQ less than -1 SD 0·92 [0·54-1·54; p=0·74]). INTERPRETATION These results highlight the burden of persistent disability and dominant contribution of prematurity to long-term outcomes in children born with neonatal listeriosis. The findings support the implementation of systematic long-term screening and provision of tailored education and special needs support. FUNDING Institut Pasteur, Inserm, French Public Health Agency, Contrat de Recherche Clinique, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Charlier
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; French National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Cochin Port Royal University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Zoé Barrault
- French National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Rousseau
- CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France; Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Clinical Investigation P1419, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elsa Kermorvant-Duchemin
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Neonatology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Candice Meyzer
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Clinical Investigation P1419, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Clinical Investigation P1419, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Magatte Fall
- French National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Coulpier
- French National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- French National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France; Unité Mixte Inserm-Ined-EFS ELFE, Ined, 93300 Aubervilliers, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Ancel
- CRESS, Obstetrical Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; French National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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Manyi-Loh CE, Lues R. A South African Perspective on the Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Meat: Plausible Public Health Implications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2484. [PMID: 37894142 PMCID: PMC10608972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat comprises proteins, fats, vitamins, and trace elements, essential nutrients for the growth and development of the body. The increased demand for meat necessitates the use of antibiotics in intensive farming to sustain and raise productivity. However, the high water activity, the neutral pH, and the high protein content of meat create a favourable milieu for the growth and the persistence of bacteria. Meat serves as a portal for the spread of foodborne diseases. This occurs because of contamination. This review presents information on animal farming in South Africa, the microbial and chemical contamination of meat, and the consequential effects on public health. In South Africa, the sales of meat can be operated both formally and informally. Meat becomes exposed to contamination with different categories of microbes, originating from varying sources during preparation, processing, packaging, storage, and serving to consumers. Apparently, meat harbours diverse pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic residues alongside the occurrence of drug resistance in zoonotic pathogens, due to the improper use of antibiotics during farming. Different findings obtained across the country showed variations in prevalence of bacteria and multidrug-resistant bacteria studied, which could be explained by the differences in the manufacturer practices, handling processes from producers to consumers, and the success of the hygienic measures employed during production. Furthermore, variation in the socioeconomic and political factors and differences in bacterial strains, geographical area, time, climatic factors, etc. could be responsible for the discrepancy in the level of antibiotic resistance between the provinces. Bacteria identified in meat including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., etc. are incriminated as pathogenic agents causing serious infections in human and their drug-resistant counterparts can cause prolonged infection plus long hospital stays, increased mortality and morbidity as well as huge socioeconomic burden and even death. Therefore, uncooked meat or improperly cooked meat consumed by the population serves as a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy E. Manyi-Loh
- Centre of Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa;
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17
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Magano NN, Tuorila H, De Kock HL. Food choice drivers at varying income levels in an emerging economy. Appetite 2023; 189:107001. [PMID: 37591447 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to explore and compare food choice drivers of low (LI), middle (MI) and high (HI) income urban people in an emerging economy (South Africa). Here, 13 focus group (FG) discussions [six LI, n = 36, 67% women; four MI, n = 22, 100% women and three HI, n = 17, 76% women; total n = 75) were transcribed, coded inductively and deductively and 17 food choice categories emerged. Eight of these, i.e., aspects related to: plant vs animal protein, food waste, food preparation, availability of resources, food exploration, social aspects and food spoilage, are not typically (e.g., sensory appeal, mood, health, convenience etc.) measured with established food choice questionnaires. Economic factors and Availability of food and resources were mentioned the most by LI participants compared to MI and HI. Whereas, Health; Familiarity and Food exploration were mostly mentioned by MI and HI participants. This study yielded a mixture of individual and environment based motives which add to our understanding of the "why" aspects underlying food choice in an urban and emerging economy. The fact that these aspects are compared by income group provides interesting information on the similarities and differences of how the food choice process unfolds across varying income groups. The insights from this study are useful for the development of an updated, quantitative food choice questionnaire for application in this and other emerging economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomzamo N Magano
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hely Tuorila
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henrietta L De Kock
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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18
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Schulz LM, Dreier F, de Sousa Miranda LM, Rismondo J. Adaptation mechanisms of Listeria monocytogenes to quaternary ammonium compounds. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0144123. [PMID: 37695041 PMCID: PMC10580936 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01441-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitously found in nature and can easily enter food-processing facilities due to contaminations of raw materials. Several countermeasures are used to combat contamination of food products, for instance, the use of disinfectants that contain quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In this study, we assessed the potential of the commonly used wild-type strain EGD-e to adapt to BAC and CTAB under laboratory growth conditions. All BAC-tolerant suppressors exclusively carried mutations in fepR, encoding a TetR-like transcriptional regulator, or its promoter region, likely resulting in the overproduction of the efflux pump FepA. In contrast, CTAB tolerance was associated with mutations in sugR, which regulates the expression of the efflux pumps SugE1 and SugE2. L. monocytogenes strains lacking either FepA or SugE1/2 could still acquire tolerance toward BAC and CTAB. Genomic analysis revealed that the overproduction of the remaining efflux system could compensate for the deleted one, and even in the absence of both efflux systems, tolerant strains could be isolated, which all carried mutations in the diacylglycerol kinase-encoding gene lmo1753 (dgkB). DgkB converts diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid, which is subsequently reused for the synthesis of phospholipids, suggesting that alterations in membrane composition could be the third adaptation mechanism. IMPORTANCE Survival and proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes in the food industry are ongoing concerns, and while there are various countermeasures to combat contamination of food products, the pathogen still successfully manages to withstand the harsh conditions present in food-processing facilities, resulting in reoccurring outbreaks, subsequent infection, and disease. To counteract the spread of L. monocytogenes, it is crucial to understand and elucidate the underlying mechanism that permits their successful evasion. We present various adaptation mechanisms of L. monocytogenes to withstand two important quaternary ammonium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Schulz
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, GZMB, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Dreier
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, GZMB, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie de Sousa Miranda
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, GZMB, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeanine Rismondo
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, GZMB, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Finn L, Onyeaka H, O’Neill S. Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food-Associated Environments: A Persistent Enigma. Foods 2023; 12:3339. [PMID: 37761048 PMCID: PMC10529182 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a bacterial pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a foodborne illness associated with high rates of mortality (20-30%) and hospitalisation. It is particularly dangerous among vulnerable groups, such as newborns, pregnant women and the elderly. The persistence of this organism in food-associated environments for months to years has been linked to several devastating listeriosis outbreaks. It may also result in significant costs to food businesses and economies. Currently, the mechanisms that facilitate LM persistence are poorly understood. Unravelling the enigma of what drives listerial persistence will be critical for developing more targeted control and prevention strategies. One prevailing hypothesis is that persistent strains exhibit stronger biofilm production on abiotic surfaces in food-associated environments. This review aims to (i) provide a comprehensive overview of the research on the relationship between listerial persistence and biofilm formation from phenotypic and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies; (ii) to highlight the ongoing challenges in determining the role biofilm development plays in persistence, if any; and (iii) to propose future research directions for overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Xu X, Shan Y, Cen Y, Zhao J, Yang X, Liu R, Tan Q, Ma Y, He M, Zhang J, Yang F, Yu S. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Listeria monocytogenes Infections in the Central Nervous System. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5899-5909. [PMID: 37700798 PMCID: PMC10493144 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s424012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Listeria monocytogenes infections are rare in the central nervous system (CNS) and frequently difficult-to-diagnose. Our goal is to assess CNS listeriosis patients' clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Patients and Methods Patients with CNS listeriosis admitted to the Department of neurology, the first medical center of the Chinese PLA general hospital, were enrolled in this study from March 2018 to August 2022. Results This study analyzed eight adults, including five males and three females. The average age of onset was (50.25 ± 11.52) years. The clinical manifestations included fever, headache, altered mental status, vomiting, seizures, neck rigidity, hemiplegia and cranial nerve palsies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests revealed intracranial hypertension, elevated cell count and protein concentration, and decreased glucose levels. The positive rates of blood and CSF culture were 40% and 28.57%, respectively. All patients underwent CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), with a 100% positive rate and the specific read number 12-20394. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exhibited leptomeningitis, meningoencephalitis, and brain abscess, and no specific changes were discovered in two patients. All patients received antibiotic treatment, seven were cured, and one died. Conclusion Monitoring the proportion of monocytes in blood and mNGS results of CSF can play a crucial role in diagnosing pathogens. Early and sufficient application of two to three sensitive antibiotics with a BBB permeability of 20-30% for at least 2-3 months can significantly improve CNS listeriosis prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Xu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Shan
- Department of Neurology, Characteristic Medical Centre of People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosa Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingche Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubao Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mianwang He
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiatang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Van der Merwe M, Pather S. Placental Listeriosis: Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:584-586. [PMID: 37487564 PMCID: PMC10484256 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne, facultative, intracellular gram-positive bacillus, is one of 17 species of the Listeria genus and was responsible for the world's largest outbreak of listeriosis in 2017-2018 in South Africa. Listeria monocytogenes tends to cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy individuals. However, pregnancy-associated listeriosis can be fatal to the fetus and can lead to serious adverse effects in the neonate. Listeria monocytogenes has an affinity for the placenta, as opposed to other nonreproductive organs. Herein, we present a case of placental listeriosis diagnosed in a 33-year-old female, parity 4, with unknown gestational age during the listeriosis outbreak in South Africa in 2017-2018. The patient presented with pregnancy-related complications and underwent a caesarean section. Morphological features demonstrated acute suppurative villitis and intervillositis with a heavy load of gram-positive bacilli, which is highly suggestive of placental listeriosis. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquerit Van der Merwe
- Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sugeshnee Pather
- Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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22
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Centorotola G, Ziba MW, Cornacchia A, Chiaverini A, Torresi M, Guidi F, Cammà C, Bowa B, Mtonga S, Magambwa P, D’Alterio N, Scacchia M, Pomilio F, Muuka G. Listeria monocytogenes in ready to eat meat products from Zambia: phenotypical and genomic characterization of isolates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1228726. [PMID: 37711697 PMCID: PMC10498467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1228726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The contamination of ready to eat foods (RTE) products due to Listeria monocytogenes could compromise the products safety becoming a great risk for the consumers. The high presence of L. monocytogenes in RTE products has been described worldwide, but few data are available about these products from African countries. The aims of this study were to report the presence of L. monocytogenes in Zambian RTE products, providing genomic characterization and data on similarity with African circulating strains using whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 304 RTE products, produced by different Zambian manufacturers, were purchased at retail, from major supermarkets located in Lusaka, Zambia, comprising 130 dairy and 174 meat products. L. monocytogenes was detected only in 18 (10.3%) RTE meat products of the 174 samples tested. The MLST analysis grouped the 18 L. monocytogenes isolates in 7 clonal complexes (CCs): CC1 (n = 5), CC2 (n = 4), CC9 (n = 4), CC5 (n = 2), CC121 (n = 1), CC155 (n = 1), and CC3 (n = 1). According to the cgMLST results, several clusters were detected, in particular belonging to hyper-virulent clones CC1 and CC2. Regarding the virulence factors, a complete L. monocytogenes Pathogenicity Island 3 (LIPI-3) was present both in the CC1 and CC3, in addition to LIPI-1. Several resistance genes and mobile genetic elements were detected, including Stress Islands, the bcrABC cassette and Tn6188_qac transposon, plasmids and intact prophages. Despite being a first preliminary work with a limited number of samples and isolates, this study helped to increase existing knowledge on contaminated RTE products in Zambia, confirming the presence of hyper-virulent L. monocytogenes CCs, which could play an important role in human diseases, posing a public health concern for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Centorotola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Maureen Wakwamba Ziba
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Alessandra Cornacchia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alexandra Chiaverini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marina Torresi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Guidi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Benson Bowa
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Samson Mtonga
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Phelly Magambwa
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nicola D’Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Geoffrey Muuka
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
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23
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Bumunang EW, Zaheer R, Niu D, Narvaez-Bravo C, Alexander T, McAllister TA, Stanford K. Bacteriophages for the Targeted Control of Foodborne Pathogens. Foods 2023; 12:2734. [PMID: 37509826 PMCID: PMC10379335 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness is exacerbated by novel and emerging pathotypes, persistent contamination, antimicrobial resistance, an ever-changing environment, and the complexity of food production systems. Sporadic and outbreak events of common foodborne pathogens like Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes are increasingly identified. Methods of controlling human infections linked with food products are essential to improve food safety and public health and to avoid economic losses associated with contaminated food product recalls and litigations. Bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive additional weapon in the ongoing search for preventative measures to improve food safety and public health. However, like all other antimicrobial interventions that are being employed in food production systems, phages are not a panacea to all food safety challenges. Therefore, while phage-based biocontrol can be promising in combating foodborne pathogens, their antibacterial spectrum is generally narrower than most antibiotics. The emergence of phage-insensitive single-cell variants and the formulation of effective cocktails are some of the challenges faced by phage-based biocontrol methods. This review examines phage-based applications at critical control points in food production systems with an emphasis on when and where they can be successfully applied at production and processing levels. Shortcomings associated with phage-based control measures are outlined together with strategies that can be applied to improve phage utility for current and future applications in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel W Bumunang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1M4, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Dongyan Niu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Trevor Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1M4, Canada
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24
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Liao S, Tian L, Qi Q, Hu L, Wang M, Gao C, Cui H, Gai Z, Gong G. Transcriptome Analysis of Protocatechualdehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and Its Effect on Chicken Quality Characteristics. Foods 2023; 12:2625. [PMID: 37444363 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of natural antimicrobial agents offers new strategies for food preservation due to the health hazards associated with the spoilage of meat products caused by microbial contamination. In this paper, the inhibitory mechanism of protocatechualdehyde (PCA) on Listeria monocytogenes was described, and its effect on the preservation of cooked chicken breast was evaluated. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PCA on L. monocytogenes was 0.625 mg/mL. Secondly, PCA destroyed the integrity of the L. monocytogenes cell membrane, which was manifested as a decrease in membrane hyperpolarization, intracellular ATP level, and intracellular pH value. Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) observed a cell membrane rupture. Transcriptome analysis showed that PCA may inhibit cell growth by affecting amino acid, nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, and the cell membrane of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, it was discovered that PCA enhanced the color and texture of cooked chicken breast meat while decreasing the level of thiobarbituric acid active substance (TBARS). In conclusion, PCA as a natural antibacterial agent has a certain reference value in extending the shelf life of cooked chicken breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lu Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lemei Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Haoyue Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhongchao Gai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guoli Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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25
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Halbedel S, Sperle I, Lachmann R, Kleta S, Fischer MA, Wamp S, Holzer A, Lüth S, Murr L, Freitag C, Espenhain L, Stephan R, Pietzka A, Schjørring S, Bloemberg G, Wenning M, Al Dahouk S, Wilking H, Flieger A. Large Multicountry Outbreak of Invasive Listeriosis by a Listeria monocytogenes ST394 Clone Linked to Smoked Rainbow Trout, 2020 to 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0352022. [PMID: 37036341 PMCID: PMC10269727 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03520-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has revolutionized surveillance of infectious diseases. Disease outbreaks can now be detected with high precision, and correct attribution of infection sources has been improved. Listeriosis, caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, is a foodborne disease with a high case fatality rate and a large proportion of outbreak-related cases. Timely recognition of listeriosis outbreaks and precise allocation of food sources are important to prevent further infections and to promote public health. We report the WGS-based identification of a large multinational listeriosis outbreak with 55 cases that affected Germany, Austria, Denmark, and Switzerland during 2020 and 2021. Clinical isolates formed a highly clonal cluster (called Ny9) based on core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Routine and ad hoc investigations of food samples identified L. monocytogenes isolates from smoked rainbow trout filets from a Danish producer grouping with the Ny9 cluster. Patient interviews confirmed consumption of rainbow trout as the most likely infection source. The Ny9 cluster was caused by a MLST sequence type (ST) ST394 clone belonging to molecular serogroup IIa, forming a distinct clade within molecular serogroup IIa strains. Analysis of the Ny9 genome revealed clpY, dgcB, and recQ inactivating mutations, but phenotypic characterization of several virulence-associated traits of a representative Ny9 isolate showed that the outbreak strain had the same pathogenic potential as other serogroup IIa strains. Our report demonstrates that international food trade can cause multicountry outbreaks that necessitate cross-border outbreak collaboration. It also corroborates the relevance of ready-to-eat smoked fish products as causes for listeriosis. IMPORTANCE Listeriosis is a severe infectious disease in humans and characterized by an exceptionally high case fatality rate. The disease is transmitted through consumption of food contaminated by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Outbreaks of listeriosis often occur but can be recognized and stopped through implementation of whole-genome sequencing-based pathogen surveillance systems. We here describe the detection and management of a large listeriosis outbreak in Germany and three neighboring countries. This outbreak was caused by rainbow trout filet, which was contaminated by a L. monocytogenes clone belonging to sequence type ST394. This work further expands our knowledge on the genetic diversity and transmission routes of an important foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Halbedel
- FG11–Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Consultant Laboratory for Listeria, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ida Sperle
- FG35–Division for Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- ECDC Fellowship Program, Field Epidemiology path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Raskit Lachmann
- FG35–Division for Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kleta
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin A. Fischer
- FG11–Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Consultant Laboratory for Listeria, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sabrina Wamp
- FG11–Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Consultant Laboratory for Listeria, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Alexandra Holzer
- FG35–Division for Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lüth
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Larissa Murr
- State Institute for Food, Food Hygiene and Cosmetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Christin Freitag
- Institute for Food of Animal Origin, Rhineland–Palatinate State Investigation Office, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Laura Espenhain
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Pietzka
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Schjørring
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Bloemberg
- Swiss National Center for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Wenning
- State Institute for Food, Food Hygiene and Cosmetics, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sascha Al Dahouk
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Wilking
- FG35–Division for Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Flieger
- FG11–Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Consultant Laboratory for Listeria, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
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26
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Rubini S, Baruffaldi M, Taddei R, D'Annunzio G, Scaltriti E, Tambassi M, Menozzi I, Bondesan G, Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Corazzola G, Savini F, Indio V, Serraino A, Giacometti F. Loggerhead Sea Turtle as Possible Source of Transmission for Zoonotic Listeriosis in the Marine Environment. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050344. [PMID: 37235427 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous pathogen isolated from different host species including fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, but it is rarely a pathogenic microorganism to marine reptiles. In particular, only two cases of fatal disseminated listeriosis have been described in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). In this study, we describe a lethal case of L. monocytogenes infection in a loggerhead sea turtle. The turtle was found alive, stranded on a beach in North-eastern Italy, but perished soon after being rescued. The autoptic examination revealed that heart, lung, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder were disseminated with multiple, firm, 0.1-0.5 mm sized, nodular, white-green lesions. Microscopically, these lesions corresponded with heterophilic granulomas with Gram+ bacteria within the necrotic center. Furthermore, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain was negative for acid-fast organisms. Colonies isolated from heart and liver were tested through MALDI-TOF for species identification, revealing the presence of L. monocytogenes. Whole Genome Sequencing on L. monocytogenes isolates was performed and the subsequent in silico genotyping revealed the belonging to Sequence Type 6 (ST 6); the virulence profile was evaluated, showing the presence of pathogenicity islands commonly observed in ST 6. Our results further confirm that L. monocytogenes should be posed in differential diagnosis in case of nodular lesions of loggerhead sea turtles; thus, given the zoonotic potential of the microorganism, animals should be treated with particular caution. In addition, wildlife animals can play an active role as carriers of possibly pathogenetic and virulent strains and contribute to the distribution of L. monocytogenes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Rubini
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matilde Baruffaldi
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Taddei
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Tambassi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menozzi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bondesan
- Independent Contractor Veterinary and Delta Rescue President, 44020 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corazzola
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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27
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Warmate D, Onarinde BA. Food safety incidents in the red meat industry: A review of foodborne disease outbreaks linked to the consumption of red meat and its products, 1991 to 2021. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 398:110240. [PMID: 37167789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Red meat is a significant source of human nutrition, and the red meat industry contributes to the economy of nations. Nonetheless, there is a widespread global concern about public health issues posed by severe food safety incidents within the red meat industry. Most of these incidents are associated with foodborne disease outbreaks that impact individual consumers, food businesses and society. This study adopts a systematic search and review approach to identify three decades of published investigation reports of global foodborne disease outbreaks linked with the consumption of red meat and products made from them. The review aims to evaluate the critical features of these outbreak incidents to get insight into their contributing factors and root causes. In particular, this review discusses the transmission setting (origin of pathogenic agents), the food vehicles mostly incriminated, the causative pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) causing the most illnesses, and the most commonly reported contributing factors to the outbreaks. This information can help researchers and food business operators (FBOs) inform future risk assessment studies and support risk management activities in developing risk-mitigating strategies for the industry. Findings from this study suggest that implementing food safety management strategies which include adequate control measures at all stages of the food chain, from farm to fork, is imperative in preventing outbreak incidents. Of equal importance is the need for enhanced and sustained public education about the risk of foodborne illnesses associated with meat and its products whilst discouraging the consumption of raw meat products, especially by high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dein Warmate
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, Holbeach PE12 7PT, UK.
| | - Bukola A Onarinde
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, Holbeach PE12 7PT, UK
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28
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Makhunga SE, Macherera M, Hlongwana K. Food handlers' knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices regarding safe food handling in charitable food assistance programmes in the eThekwini District, South Africa: cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065357. [PMID: 37185184 PMCID: PMC10151870 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess food handlers' knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices towards safer donated foods. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021. SETTING This study was conducted in the eThekwini District, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sampling-based cross-sectional survey of food handlers (n=252) served as the study's main source of data. A total of eight study sites across five municipal planning regions of eThekwini District were visited. The principal investigator administered the validated structured standardised questionnaire, using participants' language of choice, which was either English or isiZulu. All the questions in the questionnaire were asked in exactly the same manner, following the same flow, in order to avoid bias and ensure consistency. Furthermore, the close-ended nature of questions in the questionnaire mitigated the risks of question manipulation. The questionnaire was adapted from the WHO's five keys to a safer food manual. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices towards safer donated foods. The secondary outcomes were the sanitary conditions of infrastructure and facilities, food handlers' observed food handling behaviour and nutritional information/labelling. RESULTS The results show that the food handlers had good knowledge, positive attitude and acceptable behaviours towards safe food handling and general hygiene, with mean scores (SD) of 62.8 (14.6), 92.5 (14.1) and 80.4 (13.3), respectively. Significant correlations were found between knowledge and attitudes (p=0001), knowledge and practices (p<0001), and attitudes and practices (p=0.02). However, the correlations between knowledge versus attitude and attitude versus practice were poor (Spearman's r<0.3), and the association between knowledge versus practice was moderate (0.3-0.7). The majority of food handlers (92.5%) did not understand the value of thorough cooking and temperature control. About 53% of respondents acknowledged to never adequately reheating cooked meals, 5% did not see the significance of preventing cross-contamination and 5% were unsure. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively positive knowledge, attitude and practice levels of the food handlers, safe food handling and hygiene practices, such as thorough cooking and temperature control, properly reheating cooked meals and taking precautions to prevent cross-contamination, require some emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizwe Earl Makhunga
- Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Margaret Macherera
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Lupane State University, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Khumbulani Hlongwana
- Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Chen W, Li M, Chen Z, Yan Z, Li J, Guo L, Ding C, Huang Y. Dual enzyme induced colorimetric sensor for simultaneous identifying multiple pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115344. [PMID: 37137190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification of foodborne pathogens improves public health. Currently employed methods are time-consuming, sensitive to environmental factors, and complex. This study develops a colorimetric sensor for detecting multiple bacteria with one probe using double-enzyme-induced colorimetry. Based on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in bacteria decomposes L-ascorbic acid 2-magnesium phosphate salt hydrate into ascorbic acid (AA). Manganese dioxide flowers (MnO2 NFs) can oxidize TMB to etch gold nanorods (Au NRs), which can be inhibited by AA reduction to produce rich colors. Bacteria with varying ALP levels can be identified based on color changes and plasmon resonance wavelength signals produced from Au NRs. Furthermore, the conversion of RGB signals to digital signals and the use of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) allowed 99.57% accuracy in identifying multiple bacteria. It can simultaneously identify five foodborne pathogens across diverse environments (shrimp, meat, milk, etc.). This method may be useful for the rapid and simple identification of foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China; Department of Urology & Nephrology, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59, Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zikang Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zejun Yan
- Department of Urology & Nephrology, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59, Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Anhui Topway Testing Services Co., Ltd., 18 Rixin Road, Xuancheng Economic and Technological Development Zone, 242000, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Caiping Ding
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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Wellman A, Bazaco M, Blessington T, Pightling A, Dwarka A, Hintz L, Wise ME, Gieraltowski L, Conrad A, Nguyen TA, Hise K, Viazis S, Beal J. An Overview of Foodborne Sample-Initiated Retrospective Outbreak Investigations and Interagency Collaboration in the United States. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100089. [PMID: 37024093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne outbreak investigations have traditionally included the detection of a cluster of illnesses first, followed by an epidemiologic investigation to identify a food of interest. The increasing use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) subtyping technology for clinical, environmental, and food isolates of foodborne pathogens, and the ability to share and compare the data on public platforms, present new opportunities to identify earlier links between illnesses and their potential sources. We describe a process called sample-initiated retrospective outbreak investigations (SIROI) used by federal public health and regulatory partners in the United States. SIROIs begin with an evaluation of the genomic similarity between bacterial isolates recovered from food or environmental samples and clusters of clinical isolates while subsequent and parallel epidemiologic and traceback investigations are initiated to corroborate their connection. SIROIs allow for earlier hypothesis generation, followed by targeted collection of information about food exposures and the foods and manufacturer of interest, to confirm a link between the illnesses and their source. This often leads to earlier action that could reduce the breadth and burden of foodborne illness outbreaks. We describe two case studies of recent SIROIs and present the benefits and challenges. Benefits include insight into foodborne illness attribution, international collaboration, and opportunities for enhanced food safety efforts in the food industry. Challenges include resource intensiveness, variability of epidemiologic and traceback data, and an increasingly complex food supply chain. SIROIs are valuable in identifying connections among small numbers of illnesses that may span significant time periods; detecting early signals for larger outbreaks or food safety issues associated with manufacturers; improving our understanding of the scope of contamination of foods; and identifying novel pathogen/commodity pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Wellman
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland.
| | - Michael Bazaco
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Tyann Blessington
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Arthur Pightling
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Asha Dwarka
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Leslie Hintz
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Matthew E Wise
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Amanda Conrad
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thai-An Nguyen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelley Hise
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stelios Viazis
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Beal
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
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Khalil A, Samara A, O'Brien P, Ladhani S. Listeria outbreaks cause maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity: we must do better. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e206-e207. [PMID: 36623525 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK; Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK.
| | - Athina Samara
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; FUTURE, Center for functional tissue reconstruction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pat O'Brien
- The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK; Department of Women's Health, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shamez Ladhani
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK; Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency (Public Health England), London, UK; British Paediatric Surveillance Unit, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, London, UK
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Moabelo KC, Gcebe N, Gana J, Ngoshe YB, Adesiyun AA. Contamination of beef and beef products by
Listeria
spp. and molecular characterization of
L. monocytogenes
in Mpumalanga, South Africa. J Food Saf 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M Koopmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José A Vázquez-Boland
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School (Biomedical Sciences), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Germanopoulou T, Ishak A, Hardy EJ, Johnson JE, Mylonakis E. Listeriosis in Pregnancy. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-023-00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Ji S, Song Z, Luo L, Wang Y, Li L, Mao P, Ye C, Wang Y. Whole-genome sequencing reveals genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from food in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1049843. [PMID: 36726565 PMCID: PMC9885130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterium that could persist in food and food processing environments for a long time. Understanding the population structure and genomic characterization of foodborne L. monocytogenes is essential for the prevention and control of listeriosis. Methods A total of 322 foodborne L. monocytogenes isolates from 13 geographical locations and four food sources in China between 2000 and 2018 were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Results In silico subtyping divided the 322 isolates into five serogroups, 35 sequence types (STs), 26 clonal complexes (CCs) and four lineages. Serogroup IIa was the most prevalent serogroup and ST9 was the most prevalent ST of foodborne L. monocytogenes strains isolated in China. The in-depth phylogenetic analysis on CC9 revealed that ST122 clone might be original from ST9 clone. Furthermore, 23 potentially relevant clusters were identified by pair-wised whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, indicating that persistent- and/or cross-contamination had occurred in markets in China. ST8 and ST121 were the second and third top STs of L. monocytogenes in China, which had heterogeneity with that of L. monocytogenes isolates from other countries. The antibiotic resistance genes aacA4, tetM, tetS, dfrG carried by different mobile elements were found in L. monocytogenes strains. One lineage II strain carrying Listeria Pathogenicity Island 3 was first reported. In addition, a novel type of premature stop codon in inlA gene was identified in this study. Discussion These findings revealed the genomic characteristics and evolutionary relationship of foodborne L. monocytogenes in China on a scale larger than previous studies, which further confirmed that whole-genome sequencing analysis would be a helpful tool for routine surveillance and source-tracing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zexuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Changyun Ye, ✉
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yan Wang, ✉
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Domínguez AV, Ledesma MC, Domínguez CI, Cisneros JM, Lepe JA, Smani Y. In Vitro and In Vivo Virulence Study of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from the Andalusian Outbreak in 2019. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010058. [PMID: 36668965 PMCID: PMC9861481 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the biggest listeriosis outbreak by Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in the South of Spain was reported, resulting in the death of three patients from 207 confirmed cases. One strain, belonging to clonal complex 388 (Lm CC388), has been isolated. We aimed to determine the Lm CC388 virulence in comparison with other highly virulent clones such as Lm CC1 and Lm CC4, in vitro and in vivo. Four L. monocytogenes strains (Lm CC388, Lm CC1, Lm CC4 and ATCC 19115) were used. Attachment to human lung epithelial cells (A549 cells) by these strains was characterized by adherence and invasion assays. Their cytotoxicities to A549 cells were evaluated by determining the cells viability. Their hemolysis activity was determined also. A murine intravenous infection model using these was performed to determine the concentration of bacteria in tissues and blood. Lm CC388 interaction with A549 cells is non-significantly higher than that of ATCC 19115 and Lm CC1, and lower than that of Lm CC4. Lm CC388 cytotoxicity is higher than that of ATCC 19115 and Lm CC1, and lower than that of Lm CC4. Moreover, Lm CC388 hemolysis activity is lower than that of the Lm CC4 strain, and higher than that of Lm CC1. Finally, in the murine intravenous infection model by Lm CC388, higher bacterial loads in tissues and at similar levels of Lm CC4 were observed. Although a lower rate of mortality of patients during the listeriosis outbreak in Spain in 2019 has been reported, the Lm CC388 strain has shown a greater or similar pathogenicity level in vitro and in an animal model, like Lm CC1 and Lm CC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vila Domínguez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero Ledesma
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Infante Domínguez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cisneros
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Lepe
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-955923100
| | - Younes Smani
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Andalusian Center of Developmental Biology, CSIC, University of Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Zhan Y, Xu T, Liu H, Wang X, Yu H. Perinatal Infection with Listeria monocytogenes: A 10-Year Hospital-Based Study in Western China. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1243-1254. [PMID: 36987517 PMCID: PMC10040159 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s401171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Listeriosis is a rare but severe foodborne disease that is contracted by the consumption of food contaminated with Listeria, and perinatal listeriosis can cause major adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the current study, we sought to retrospectively analyze 10 years of perinatal outcomes due to listeriosis in western China. Methods Based on the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), we retrospectively reviewed the pregnancy-associated cases of listeriosis from June 2010 to February 2022 at our hospital. We investigated the crude incidence, clinical manifestations, perinatal management, and outcomes of perinatal listeriosis cases. Results We diagnosed a total of 28 cases of perinatal listeriosis during the study period at our hospital, including four cases of twin pregnancies. Of the 28 cases, 32.14% (9/28) were infected in the second trimester and 67.86% (19/28) in the third trimester. The fetal or neonatal mortality rate for perinatal listeriosis was high, with a crude fetal mortality rate of 46.88% (15/32) in the 32 offspring and a neonatal mortality rate of 47.06% (8/17) in the 17 live births. Conclusion Perinatal listeriosis exhibits high fetal or neonatal mortality. We recommend that appropriate antibiotics be administered in cases of perinatal listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchi Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haiyan Yu; Xiaodong Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, No. 20, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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Rovas L, Razbadauskas A, Slauzgalvyte G. Listeriosis During Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Consequences-A Case Report. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:695-699. [PMID: 37181459 PMCID: PMC10171218 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s399542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a rare but extremely dangerous infection for both mother and fetus. This pathogen can spread in humans' bodies by consumption of contaminated food. The main high-risk groups of people for being infected are immunosuppressed and especially pregnant women. We present a case of materno-neonatal listeriosis illustrating that empiric antimicrobial therapy of chorioamnionitis during labor and neonate postpartum can also cover listeriosis which was not diagnosed prior to obtaining cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linas Rovas
- Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klaipeda University Hospital, Klaipeda, Lithuania
- Correspondence: Linas Rovas, Klaipeda University Hospital, Klaipeda University, H. Manto g. 84, Klaipeda, 92294, Lithuania, Tel +37069843875, Email
| | | | - Gabriele Slauzgalvyte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klaipeda University Hospital, Klaipeda, Lithuania
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Tian M, Li Q, Zheng T, Yang S, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Maternal microbe-specific modulation of the offspring microbiome and development during pregnancy and lactation. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2206505. [PMID: 37184203 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2206505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The maternal microbiome is essential for the healthy growth and development of offspring and has long-term effects later in life. Recent advances indicate that the maternal microbiome begins to regulate fetal health and development during pregnancy. Furthermore, the maternal microbiome continues to affect early microbial colonization via birth and breastfeeding. Compelling evidence indicates that the maternal microbiome is involved in the regulation of immune and brain development and affects the risk of related diseases. Modulating offspring development by maternal diet and probiotic intervention during pregnancy and breastfeeding could be a promising therapy in the future. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of maternal microbiota development, perinatal microbial metabolite transfer, mother-to-infant microbial transmission during/after birth and its association with immune and brain development as well as corresponding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwang Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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40
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Luchansky JB, Campano SG, Rieker M, Mahoney C, Vinyard BT, Shane LE, Shoyer BA, Osoria M, C S Porto-Fett A. Viability of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. on Slices of a German-Style Bologna Containing Blends of Organic Acid Salts During Storage at 4 or 12°C. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100019. [PMID: 36916599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viability of cells of Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella spp. was quantified on slices of a German-style bologna manufactured by a local butcher to contain no added antimicrobials or to include 0.9% or 1.3% of a blend of potassium acetate and sodium diacetate (K-Ace) or 2.5% of a blend of potassium lactate and sodium diacetate (K-Lac) as ingredients. After slicing (ca. 7.1 cm L by 6.7 cm W, ca. 0.5 cm thick, ca. 22.4 g each), a single slice of bologna was placed into a nylon-polyethylene bag and surface inoculated with 250 µL per side of a five-strain mixture of either cells of L. monocytogenes or Salmonella spp. to achieve an initial level of ca. 3.5-4.0 log CFU/slice. The packages were vacuum-sealed and then stored at 4 or 12°C for 90 and 30 days, respectively. Without antimicrobials added to the formulation, L. monocytogenes numbers increased by ca. 5.4 and 6.0 log CFU/slice at both 4 and 12°C during the entire 90- and 30-day storage period, respectively. Likewise, levels of Salmonella also increased by ca. 6.0 log CFU/slice at 12°C in the absence of added antimicrobials; however, levels of this pathogen decreased by ca. 1.7 log CFU/slice after 90 days at 4°C. With the inclusion of 0.9% or 1.3% K-Ace or 2.5% K-Lac in the bologna formulation, levels of L. monocytogenes decreased by ca. ≤0.7 log CFU/slice after 90 days at 4°C, whereas levels of Salmonella decreased by ca. 1.6-2.3 log CFU/slice. After 30 days at 12°C, levels of L. monocytogenes increased by ca. ≤3.4 log CFU/slice on product containing 0.9% K-Ace or 2.5% K-Lac but remained relatively unchanged on slices formulated with 1.3% K-Ace. For Salmonella, in the presence of 0.9% or 1.3% K-Ace or 2.5% K-Lac, pathogen levels decreased by ca. ≤0.7 log CFU/slice at 12°C after 30 days. Our data validate that the inclusion of K-Ace (0.9% or 1.3%) or K-Lac (2.5%) as ingredients is effective for controlling L. monocytogenes and Salmonella on slices of bologna during refrigerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Luchansky
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Bryan T Vinyard
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Laura E Shane
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Bradley A Shoyer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Manuela Osoria
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Anna C S Porto-Fett
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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Tsai YH, Moura A, Gu ZQ, Chang JH, Liao YS, Teng RH, Tseng KY, Chang DL, Liu WR, Huang YT, Leclercq A, Lo HJ, Lecuit M, Chiou CS. Genomic Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes in Taiwan, 2014 to 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0182522. [PMID: 36222695 PMCID: PMC9769603 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01825-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a life-threatening foodborne pathogen. Here, we report the genomic characterization of a nationwide dataset of 411 clinical and 82 food isolates collected in Taiwan between 2014 and 2019. The observed incidence of listeriosis increased from 0.83 to 7 cases per million population upon implementation of mandatory notification in 2018. Pregnancy-associated cases accounted for 2.8% of human listeriosis and all-cause 7-day mortality was of 11.9% in nonmaternal-neonatal listeriosis. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 90% of raw pork and 34% of chicken products collected in supermarkets. Sublineages SL87, SL5, and SL378 accounted for the majority (65%) of clinical cases. SL87 and SL378 were also predominant (57%) in food products. Five cgMLST clusters accounted for 57% clinical cases, suggesting unnoticed outbreaks spanning up to 6 years. Mandatory notification allowed identifying the magnitude of listeriosis in Taiwan. Continuous real-time genomic surveillance will allow reducing contaminating sources and disease burden. IMPORTANCE Understanding the phylogenetic relationship between clinical and food isolates is important to identify the transmission routes of foodborne diseases. Here, we performed a nationwide study between 2014 and 2019 of both clinical and food Listeria monocytogenes isolates and sequenced their genomes. We show a 9-fold increase in listeriosis reporting upon implementation of mandatory notification. We found that sublineages SL87 and SL378 predominated among both clinical (50%) and food (57%) isolates, and identified five cgMLST clusters accounting for 57% of clinical cases, suggestive of potential protracted sources of contamination over up to 6 years in Taiwan. These findings highlight that mandatory declaration is critical in identifying the burden of listeriosis, and the importance of genome sequencing for a detailed characterization of the pathogenic L. monocytogenes genotypes circulating in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huan Tsai
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Zi-Qi Gu
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsien Chang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shu Liao
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hsiou Teng
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yao Tseng
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Ling Chang
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Hsiu-Jung Lo
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Institut Imagine, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Chien-Shun Chiou
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
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Iiyambo OJ, Baba V, Thomas J, Sekwadi P, Naidoo P. Presentation and outcomes of Listeria-affected pregnancies in Johannesburg tertiary hospitals: A 2-year review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 161:989-996. [PMID: 36495249 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe maternal risk factors, presentations, peripartum findings, and pregnancy outcomes in Listeria monocytogenes-infected women. METHODS A retrospective descriptive case review. The records of 51 pregnant women infected with listeriosis who delivered infants between February 1, 2016 and February 28, 2018 at three academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa, were included. The diagnosis of listeriosis was made on maternal/neonatal-sampled blood or tissue cultures. RESULTS Forty-eight (82.3%) Listeria infections of maternal and neonatal listeriosis were diagnosed on blood culture. The median gestational age at diagnosis was at a preterm gestation of 33 (20-43) weeks. Twenty-eight women (54.9%) had normal vaginal deliveries. Precipitous labor was described in 18 (39%) of these women. Fetal distress was the indication for cesarean section in 22 (41.2%) women. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid was found in 21 (61.7%) women at the time of delivery. The category of very low birth weight had 14 (27.4%) neonates with an Apgar score of less than 7 at 5 min. Maternal morbidities included chorioamnionitis (3 [5.8%]) and puerperal infections (7 [13.7%]). The HIV-positive anemic women had a tendency towards listerial infections. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of listeriosis were non-specific and diagnosis was detected on blood culture sampling. Risk factors included HIV seropositivity and were associated with puerperal infections and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia-Joan Iiyambo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vuyelwa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Phuti Sekwadi
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Poovangela Naidoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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XIAN ZHIHAN, YOO JIYOON, PATEL CHADNI, YANG HELEN, DENG XIANGYU, HAMMACK THOMAS, CHEN YI. Comparison between qPCR, VIDAS immunoassays and agar streaking for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes from food and environmental surfaces containing and not containing Listeria innocua. J Food Prot 2022; 86:100013. [PMID: 37018852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons among a qPCR assay, VIDAS® assays and a conventional agar streaking method following the same enrichment for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes were performed under two challenging conditions. In the first comparison, L. innocua and L. monocytogenes were coinoculated into sausages at ratios (L. innocua-to-L. monocytogenes) of 10, 100, 1000, and 10 000. qPCR provided the most sensitive detection at all ratios after both 24-h and 48-h enrichments. A modified VIDAS® LMO2 assay (i.e., replacement of the kit-specified enrichment scheme with the enrichment scheme used in this study) and agar streaking yielded equivalent results when the ratio was 10 and 100; agar streaking was more sensitive when the ratio was 1000; neither method could detect L. monocytogenes at the ratio of 10 000. Enrichment duration of 48 h was needed for modified VIDAS® to detect L. monocytogenes when the ratio was 1000. Agar streaking after 24-h enrichment isolated L. monocytogenes better than after 48-h enrichment when the ratio was 100 and 1000. In the second comparison, we followed the validation guidelines of AOAC International and inoculated L. monocytogenes, without any L. innocua, onto lettuce and stainless-steel surfaces at low levels. The numbers of positive samples detected by qPCR, VIDAS® LIS assay, modified VIDAS® LMO2 assay, and agar streaking after 48-h enrichment were not statistically different. Our data showed that qPCR was the most sensitive method, while agar streaking and VIDAS® performed reasonably well. Streaking after 24-h enrichment was needed when background flora could overgrow L. monocytogenes during prolonged enrichment, and this is critical for confirming rapid screening assays. Appropriate selection of enrichment duration and rapid assays will enhance the testing of L. monocytogenes in food and environmental samples.
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Kayode AJ, Okoh AI. Assessment of the molecular epidemiology and genetic multiplicity of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from ready-to-eat foods following the South African listeriosis outbreak. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20129. [PMID: 36418424 PMCID: PMC9684121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the recent listeriosis outbreak in South Africa, this study was carried out to assess the safety level of various common ready-to-eat foods (RTE) obtained from supermarkets and grocery stores in major towns and cities within the Amathole, Chris Hani and Sarah Baartman Districts Municipalities, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A sum of 239 food samples was collected from these locations, and Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was isolated in line with the recommended techniques by the International Organization for Standardization EN ISO 11290:2017 parts 1 and 2. Identification of the pathogen and detection of various associated virulence genes was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. From the RTE food samples processed, Lm was detected in 107 (44.77%) of the samples. Russian sausage was the most contaminated (78.57%), followed by sliced polony (61.90%), muffins (58.33%), polony (52.63%), and pies (52.38%), while all vetkoek samples examined were negative for Lm. Although the prevalence of Lm in the food samples was very high, concentrations were generally < 100 CFU/g. Strains of Lm recovered from the RTE foods were predominantly epidemiological strains belonging to serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b. The prevalence of 10 virulence genes including the inlA, InlC, inlJ, plcA, hlyA, plcB, prfA, mpl, inlB, and actA were detected among Lm isolates. Most of the isolates (69.07%) demonstrated the potential for biofilm formation and were categorized as weak (14.95%), moderate (13.40%) and strong (40.72) biofilm formers. Furthermore, molecular typing revealed high levels of genetic diversity among Lm isolates. The findings of this investigation suggested that the presence of Lm in the RTE foods may constitute potential threats to the food sector and could pose public health hazards to consumers, particularly the high-risk group of the population. We, therefore, recommend that adequate food monitoring for safety and proper regulation enforcement in the food sector must be ensured to avoid any future listeriosis outbreak that could be linked to RTE foods in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeoye John Kayode
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Center, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Center, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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45
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Song Z, Ji S, Wang Y, Luo L, Wang Y, Mao P, Li L, Jiang H, Ye C. The population structure and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 strains based on genomic analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982220. [PMID: 36425025 PMCID: PMC9680904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen causing both invasive and non-invasive listeriosis. Sequence type (ST) 9 strains is common in food and food processing environments. In this study, the whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 207 ST9 isolates from different sources, geographical locations (14 countries), and isolated years were analyzed. The ST9 isolates were divided into three clusters after phylogenetic analysis; 67.63% of ST9 isolates contained putative plasmids with different sizes and genomic structure, the putative prophages inserted in the chromosome at ten hotspots, and seven types of premature stop codon (PMSC) mutations in inlA were found in 81.86% of the ST9 isolates. In addition, 78.26% of ST9 isolates harbored Tn554-like elements carrying arsenic resistance genes. All the ST9 isolates conservatively contained environment-resistance genes on the chromosome. This analysis of population structures and features of ST9 isolates was aimed to help develop effective strategies to control this prevalent pathogen in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shunshi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Xindu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Fernández-Martínez NF, Ruiz-Montero R, Briones E, Baños E, García San Miguel Rodríguez-Alarcón L, Chaves JA, Abad R, Varela C, Lorusso N. Listeriosis outbreak caused by contaminated stuffed pork, Andalusia, Spain, July to October 2019. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2200279. [PMID: 36305337 PMCID: PMC9615414 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.43.2200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 1 July and 26 October 2019 in Andalusia, Spain, a large outbreak with 207 confirmed cases of listeriosis was identified. Confirmed cases had a median age of 44 years (range: 0-94) and 114 were women (55.1%). Most cases (n = 154) had mild gastroenteritis, 141 (68.1%) required hospitalisation and three died; five of 34 pregnant women had a miscarriage. The median incubation period was 1 day (range: 0-30), and was significantly shorter in cases presenting with gastroenteritis compared to those presenting without gastroenteritis (1 day vs. 3 days, respectively, p value < 0.001). Stuffed pork, a ready-to-eat product consumed unheated, from a single producer contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes ST388 was identified as the source of infection. The outbreak strain was identified in 189 human samples and 87 non-human (82 food and 5 environmental) samples. Notification of new cases declined abruptly after control measures were implemented. These included contaminated food recall, protocols for clinical management of suspected cases and for post-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant women and communication campaigns with concise messages to the population through social media. Given that there were 3,059 probable cases, this was the largest L. monocytogenes outbreak ever reported in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Francisco Fernández-Martínez
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain,Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz-Montero
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain,Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Briones
- Public Health Unit, Sevilla Health District, Sevilla, Spain,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Baños
- Public Health Unit, Sevilla Health District, Sevilla, Spain,Directorate General of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Management, Regional Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - J. Alberto Chaves
- Directorate General of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Management, Regional Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raquel Abad
- Neisseria, Listeria and Bordetella Unit, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Varela
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nicola Lorusso
- Directorate General of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Management, Regional Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Sevilla, Spain
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Immunopeptidomics-based design of mRNA vaccine formulations against Listeria monocytogenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6075. [PMID: 36241641 PMCID: PMC9562072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne intracellular bacterial pathogen leading to human listeriosis. Despite a high mortality rate and increasing antibiotic resistance no clinically approved vaccine against Listeria is available. Attenuated Listeria strains offer protection and are tested as antitumor vaccine vectors, but would benefit from a better knowledge on immunodominant vector antigens. To identify novel antigens, we screen for Listeria peptides presented on the surface of infected human cell lines by mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics. In between more than 15,000 human self-peptides, we detect 68 Listeria immunopeptides from 42 different bacterial proteins, including several known antigens. Peptides presented on different cell lines are often derived from the same bacterial surface proteins, classifying these antigens as potential vaccine candidates. Encoding these highly presented antigens in lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccine formulations results in specific CD8+ T-cell responses and induces protection in vaccination challenge experiments in mice. Our results can serve as a starting point for the development of a clinical mRNA vaccine against Listeria and aid to improve attenuated Listeria vaccines and vectors, demonstrating the power of immunopeptidomics for next-generation bacterial vaccine development.
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48
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Roy PK, Jeon EB, Park SY. Effects of nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma against
Listeria monocytogenes
and quality of smoked salmon fillets. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pantu Kumar Roy
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Jeon
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
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49
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Rahman S, Das AK. A subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatics approach towards designing a potential multi-epitope vaccine against pathogenic Listeriamonocytogenes. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105782. [PMID: 36150556 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, which is dangerous for pregnant women, the elderly or individuals with a weakened immune system. Individuals with leukaemia, cancer, HIV/AIDS, kidney transplant and steroid therapy suffer from immunological damage are menaced. World Health Organization (WHO) reports that human listeriosis has a high mortality rate of 20-30% every year. To date, no vaccine is available to treat listeriosis. Thereby, it is high time to design novel vaccines against L. monocytogenes. Here, we present computational approaches to design an antigenic, stable and safe vaccine against the L. monocytogenes that could help to control the infections associated with the pathogen. Three vital pathogenic proteins of L. monocytogenes, such as Listeriolysin O (LLO), Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), and Actin polymerization protein (ActA), were selected using a subtractive proteomics approach to design the multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). A total of 5 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and 9 Helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were predicted from these selected proteins. To design the multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) from the selected proteins, CTL epitopes were joined with the AAY linker, and HTL epitopes were joined with the GPGPG linker. Additionally, a human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) adjuvant was added to the N-terminal side of the final MEV construct to increase the immune response to the vaccine. The final MEV was predicted to be antigenic, non-allergen and non-toxic in nature. Physicochemical property analysis suggested that the MEV construct is stable and could be easily purified through the E. coli expression system. This in-silico study showed that MEV has a robust binding interaction with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a key player in the innate immune system. Current subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatics study provides a background for designing a suitable, safe and effective vaccine against pathogenic L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Russotto Y, Micali C, Pellicanò GF, Nunnari G, Venanzi Rullo E. HIV and Mediterranean Zoonoses: A Review of the Literature. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:694-709. [PMID: 36136825 PMCID: PMC9498920 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A zoonosis is an infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans. Some zoonoses are very common in the Mediterranean area and endemic in specific regions, so they represent an important problem for public health. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that has originated as a zoonosis and is now diffused globally, with the most significant numbers of infected people among the infectious diseases. Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the history for people living with HIV (PLWH) has changed drastically, and many diseases are now no different in epidemiology and prognosis as they are in not-HIV-infected people. Still, the underlying inflammatory state that is correlated with HIV and other alterations related to the infection itself can be a risk factor when infected with other bacteria, parasites or viruses. We reviewed the literature for infection by the most common Mediterranean zoonoses, such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Brucella, Rickettsia, Borrelia, Listeria and Echinococcus, and a possible correlation with HIV. We included Monkeypox, since the outbreak of cases is becoming a concern lately. We found that HIV may be related with alterations of the microbiome, as for campylobacteriosis, and that there are some zoonoses with a significant prevalence in PLWH, as for salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Russotto
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Micali
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-0221-2032
| | - Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and the Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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