1
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Pazos Urrea M, Meilinger S, Herold F, Gopakumar J, Tusini E, De Giacinto A, Zimina A, Grunwaldt JD, Chen D, Rønning M. Aqueous Phase Reforming over Platinum Catalysts on Doped Carbon Supports: Exploring Platinum-Heteroatom Interactions. ACS Catal 2024; 14:4139-4154. [PMID: 38510663 PMCID: PMC10949196 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A series of platinum catalysts supported on carbon nanofibers with various heteroatom dopings were synthesized to investigate the effect of the local platinum environment on the catalytic activity and selectivity in aqueous phase reforming (APR) of ethylene glycol (EG). Typical carbon dopants such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron were chosen based on their ability to bring acidic or basic functional groups to the carbon surface. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to identify the platinum oxidation state and platinum species formed during APR of EG through multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares analysis, observing differences in activity, selectivity, and platinum local environment among the catalysts. The platinum-based catalyst on the nitrogen-doped carbon support demonstrated the most favorable properties for H2 production due to high Pt dispersion and basicity (H2 site time yield 22.7 h-1). Direct Pt-N-O coordination was identified by XAS in this catalyst. The sulfur-doped catalyst presented Pt-S contributions with the lowest EG conversion rate and minimal production of the gas phase components. Boron and phosphorus-doped catalysts showed moderate activity, which was affected by low platinum dispersion on the carbon support. The phosphorus-doped catalyst showed preferential selectivity to alcohols in the liquid phase, associated with the presence of acid sites and Pt-P contributions observed under APR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pazos Urrea
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Simon Meilinger
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Felix Herold
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jithin Gopakumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Enrico Tusini
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea De Giacinto
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - De Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus Rønning
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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2
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Warmuth L, Steurer M, Schild D, Zimina A, Grunwaldt JD, Pitter S. Reversible and Irreversible Structural Changes in Cu/ZnO/ZrO 2 Catalysts during Methanol Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8813-8821. [PMID: 38335022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The structure and chemical state of heterogeneous catalysts are closely related to their operational stability. Knowing these relationships as precisely as possible is thus essential for further catalyst development. This work focuses on the deactivation of a Cu/ZnO/ZrO2-type catalyst for methanol synthesis. Experiments were performed in a parallel setup, with which time-dependent changes in the catalyst material can be observed. Elucidation of potential deactivation pathways is described for catalyst aging at different times on stream (0, 50, 935 h). Data from X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal that sintering of Cu0 domains and restructuring within ZnO domains mainly contribute to deactivation. Subsequent reactivation by reduction (in H2/N2) reverts the observed structural changes only to a limited extent. Moreover, this work highlights the participation of ZrO2 as a promoter and reveals redispersion of zirconia after initial reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Warmuth
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Steurer
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dieter Schild
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Pitter
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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3
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Chen S, Jelic J, Rein D, Najafishirtari S, Schmidt FP, Girgsdies F, Kang L, Wandzilak A, Rabe A, Doronkin DE, Wang J, Friedel Ortega K, DeBeer S, Grunwaldt JD, Schlögl R, Lunkenbein T, Studt F, Behrens M. Highly loaded bimetallic iron-cobalt catalysts for hydrogen release from ammonia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:871. [PMID: 38286982 PMCID: PMC10824716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is a storage molecule for hydrogen, which can be released by catalytic decomposition. Inexpensive iron catalysts suffer from a low activity due to a too strong iron-nitrogen binding energy compared to more active metals such as ruthenium. Here, we show that this limitation can be overcome by combining iron with cobalt resulting in a Fe-Co bimetallic catalyst. Theoretical calculations confirm a lower metal-nitrogen binding energy for the bimetallic catalyst resulting in higher activity. Operando spectroscopy reveals that the role of cobalt in the bimetallic catalyst is to suppress the bulk-nitridation of iron and to stabilize this active state. Such catalysts are obtained from Mg(Fe,Co)2O4 spinel pre-catalysts with variable Fe:Co ratios by facile co-precipitation, calcination and reduction. The resulting Fe-Co/MgO catalysts, characterized by an extraordinary high metal loading reaching 74 wt.%, combine the advantages of a ruthenium-like electronic structure with a bulk catalyst-like microstructure typical for base metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Chen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Denise Rein
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universtätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sharif Najafishirtari
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz-Philipp Schmidt
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liqun Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Wandzilak
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Anna Rabe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universtätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jihao Wang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Friedel Ortega
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Malte Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universtätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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Butorin SM, Bauters S, Amidani L, Beck A, Rossberg A, Weiss S, Vitova T, Kvashnina KO, Tougait O. Effect of carbon content on electronic structure of uranium carbides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20434. [PMID: 37993496 PMCID: PMC10665328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure of UC[Formula: see text] (x = 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2.0) was studied by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the C K edge and measurements in the high energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode at the U [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] edges. The full-relativistic density functional theory calculations taking into account the [Formula: see text] Coulomb interaction U and spin-orbit coupling (DFT+U+SOC) were also performed for UC and UC[Formula: see text]. While the U [Formula: see text] HERFD-XAS spectra of the studied samples reveal little difference, the U [Formula: see text] HERFD-XAS spectra show certain sensitivity to the varying carbon content in uranium carbides. The observed gradual changes in the U [Formula: see text] HERFD spectra suggest an increase in the C 2p-U 5f charge transfer, which is supported by the orbital population analysis in the DFT+U+SOC calculations, indicating an increase in the U 5f occupancy in UC[Formula: see text] as compared to that in UC. On the other hand, the density of states at the Fermi level were found to be significantly lower in UC[Formula: see text], thus affecting the thermodynamic properties. Both the x-ray spectroscopic data (in particular, the C K XAS measurements) and results of the DFT+U+SOC calculations indicate the importance of taking into account U and SOC for the description of the electronic structure of actinide carbides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Stephen Bauters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucia Amidani
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Aaron Beck
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - André Rossberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Tougait
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, 59000, Lille, France
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5
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Novichkov D, Trigub A, Gerber E, Nevolin I, Romanchuk A, Matveev P, Kalmykov S. Laboratory-based X-ray spectrometer for actinide science. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:1114-1126. [PMID: 37738030 PMCID: PMC10624025 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523006926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies nowadays are advanced characterization methods for fundamental and applied actinide research. One of the advantages of these methods is to reveal slight changes in the structural and electronic properties of radionuclides. The experiments are generally carried out at synchrotrons. However, considerable progress has been made to construct laboratory-based X-ray spectrometers for X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies. Laboratory spectrometers are reliable, effective and accessible alternatives to synchrotrons, especially for actinide research, which allow dispensing with high costs of the radioactive sample transport and synchrotron time. Moreover, data from laboratory spectrometers, obtained within a reasonable time, are comparable with synchrotron results. Thereby, laboratory spectrometers can complement synchrotrons or can be used for preliminary experiments to find perspective samples for synchrotron experiments with better resolution. Here, the construction and implementation of an X-ray spectrometer (LomonosovXAS) in Johann-geometry at a radiochemistry laboratory is reported. Examples are given of the application of LomonosovXAS to actinide systems relevant to the chemistry of f-elements, the physical chemistry of nuclear power engineering and the long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Novichkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Trigub
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Ploshchad Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Iurii Nevolin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Romanchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Matveev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Stepan Kalmykov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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6
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Schacherl B, Joseph C, Beck A, Lavrova P, Schnurr A, Dardenne K, Geyer F, Cherkezova-Zheleva Z, Göttlicher J, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Np(V) Retention at the Illite du Puy Surface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11185-11194. [PMID: 37460108 PMCID: PMC10399294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Np(V) retention on Illite du Puy (IdP) was investigated since it is essential for understanding the migration behavior of Np in argillaceous environments. The presence of structural Fe(III) and Fe(II) in IdP was confirmed by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. In batch sorption experiments, a higher Np sorption affinity to IdP was found than to Wyoming smectite or iron-free synthetic montmorillonite. An increase of the relative Np(IV) ratio sorbed onto IdP with decreasing pH was observed by solvent extraction (up to (24 ± 2)% at pH 5, c0(Np) = 10-6 mol/L). Furthermore, up to (33 ± 5)% Np(IV) could be detected in IdP diffusion samples at pH 5. Respective Np M5-edge high-energy resolution (HR-) XANES spectra suggested the presence of Np(IV/V) mixtures and weakened axial bond covalency of the NpO2+ species sorbed onto IdP. Np L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis showed that significant fractions of Np were coordinated to Fe─O entities at pH 9. This highlights the potential role of Fe(II/III) clay edge sites as a strong Np(V) surface complex partner and points to the partial reduction of sorbed Np(V) to Np(IV) via structural Fe(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Joseph
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aaron Beck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Polina Lavrova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnurr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Geyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, "Acad. G. Bonchev" Str., Bl.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jörg Göttlicher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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7
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Platte T, Finck N, Heberling F, Polly R, Prüßmann T, Dardenne K, Geckeis H. Retention of Iodide by Chloride Green Rust and Magnetite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37319326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green rust (GR), a layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing Fe, and magnetite can be found in natural and engineered environments. The ability of chloride GR (GR-Cl) and magnetite to retain iodide as a function of various parameters was investigated. Sorption equilibrium is achieved within 1 day of contact time between iodide and preformed GR-Cl in suspension. pHm variations (7.5-8.5) have no significant influence, but the iodide sorption decreases with increasing ionic strength set by NaCl. Sorption isotherms of iodide suggest that the uptake operates via ionic exchange (IC), which is supported by geochemical modeling. The short-range binding environment of iodide associated with GR is comparable to that of hydrated aqueous iodide ions in solution and is not affected by pHm or ionic strength. This finding hints at an electrostatic interaction with the Fe octahedral sheet, consistent with weak binding of charge balancing anions within an LDH interlayer. The presence of sulfate anions in significant amounts inhibits the iodide uptake due to recrystallization to a different crystal structure. Finally, the transformation of iodide-bearing GR-Cl into magnetite and ferrous hydroxide resulted in a quantitative release of iodide into the aqueous phase, suggesting that neither transformation product has an affinity for this anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Platte
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicolas Finck
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Heberling
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robert Polly
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Prüßmann
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Vigier JF, Wiss T, Palina N, Vitova T, Colle JY, Bouëxière D, Freis D, Konings RJM, Popa K. Synthesis, Characterization, and Stability of Two Americium Vanadates, AmVO 3 and AmVO 4. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37277115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In search for chemically stable americium compounds with high power densities for radioisotope sources for space applications, AmVO3 and AmVO4 were prepared by a solid-state reaction. We present here their crystal structure at room temperature solved by powder X-ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement. Their thermal and self-irradiation stabilities have been studied. The oxidation states of americium were confirmed by the Am M5 edge high-resolution X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HR-XANES) technique. Such ceramics are investigated as potential power sources for space applications like radioisotope thermoelectric generators, and they have to endure extreme conditions including vacuum, high or low temperatures, and internal irradiation. Thus, their stability under self-irradiation and heat treatment in inert and oxidizing atmospheres was tested and discussed relative to other compounds with a high content of americium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Wiss
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe 76125, Germany
| | - Natalia Palina
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Colle
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe 76125, Germany
| | - Daniel Bouëxière
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe 76125, Germany
| | - Daniel Freis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe 76125, Germany
| | - Rudy J M Konings
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe 76125, Germany
| | - Karin Popa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe 76125, Germany
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9
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DiBlasi NA, Dardenne K, Prüssmann T, Duckworth S, Altmaier M, Gaona X. Technetium Complexation with Multidentate Carboxylate-Containing Ligands: Trends in Redox and Solubility Phenomena. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3661-3670. [PMID: 36827231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of technetium (t1/2(99Tc) = 2.11 × 105 years) is of particular importance in the context of nuclear waste disposal and historic contaminated sites. Polycarboxylate ligands may be present in some sites and are potentially capable of strong complexing interactions, thus increasing the solubility and mobility of 99Tc under environmentally relevant conditions. This work aimed to determine the impact of five organic complexing ligands [L = oxalate, phthalate, citrate, nitrilotriacetate (NTA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)] under anoxic, alkaline conditions (pH ≈ 9-13) on the solubility of technetium. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that TcO2(am,hyd) remained the solubility-controlling solid phase in undersaturation solubility experiments. Ligands with maximum coordination numbers (CN) ≥ 3 (EDTA, NTA, and citrate) exhibited an increase in solubility from pH 9 to 11, while ligands with CN ≤ 2 (oxalate and phthalate) at all investigated pH and CN ≥ 3 at pH ≈ 13 were outcompeted by hydrolysis reactions. Though most available thermodynamic values were determined under acidic conditions, these models satisfactorily explained high-pH undersaturation solubility of technetium for citrate and NTA, whereas experimental data for Tc(IV)-EDTA were highly overestimated. This work illustrates the predominance of hydrolysis under hyperalkaline conditions and provides experimental support for existing thermodynamic models of Tc-L except Tc-EDTA, which requires further research regarding aqueous speciation and solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A DiBlasi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Tim Prüssmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Sarah Duckworth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Marcus Altmaier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Xavier Gaona
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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10
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Behrendt G, Prinz N, Wolf A, Baumgarten L, Gaur A, Grunwaldt JD, Zobel M, Behrens M, Mangelsen S. Substitution of Copper by Magnesium in Malachite: Insights into the Synthesis and Structural Effects. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19678-19694. [PMID: 36441526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phase width of the copper hydroxycarbonate malachite, Cu2CO3(OH)2, upon substitution with magnesium has been studied in detail. In extension of a previous study on amorphous precursors, the introduction of a hydrothermal aging step allowed the retrieval of crystalline hydroxycarbonate samples with up to 37 atom % Mg (metal content) that are suitable candidates as precursors to Cu/MgO catalysts for CO hydrogenation. Simultaneous refinements of X-ray powder diffraction and pair distribution function (PDF) data as well as complementary spectroscopic insight (X-ray absorption and infrared spectroscopy) revealed that samples with up to 18 atom % Mg are phase-pure magnesian malachites but the magnesium content can be increased beyond this threshold when mcguinnessite (CuMgCO3(OH)2) is accepted as a side phase. In a complementary study, a continuous increase of the magnesium fraction was found during aging and the corresponding structural evolution was studied by means of PDF. These findings add significant insight into the aging chemistry of crystalline Cu,Mg hydroxycarbonates. Furthermore, both phase-pure magnesian malachite and mcguinnessite-containing samples with up to 37 atom % Mg have been examined by thermogravimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and N2 physisorption and were found to be promising candidates for use as precursors for the preparation of Cu/MgO catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gereon Behrendt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Prinz
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen, Jägerstr. 17-19, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorena Baumgarten
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mirijam Zobel
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen, Jägerstr. 17-19, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - Malte Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mangelsen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Vitova T, Faizova R, Amaro-Estrada JI, Maron L, Pruessmann T, Neill T, Beck A, Schacherl B, Tirani FF, Mazzanti M. The mechanism of Fe induced bond stability of uranyl(v). Chem Sci 2022; 13:11038-11047. [PMID: 36320468 PMCID: PMC9517057 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03416f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The stabilization of uranyl(v) (UO2 1 + ) by Fe(ii) in natural systems remains an open question in uranium chemistry. Stabilization of UVO2 1+ by Fe(ii) against disproportionation was also demonstrated in molecular complexes. However, the relation between the Fe(ii) induced stability and the change of the bonding properties have not been elucidated up to date. We demonstrate that U(v) - oaxial bond covalency decreases upon binding to Fe(ii) inducing redirection of electron density from the U(v) - oaxial bond towards the U(v) - equatorial bonds thereby increasing bond covalency. Our results indicate that such increased covalent interaction of U(v) with the equatorial ligands resulting from iron binding lead to higher stability of uranyl(v). For the first time a combination of U M4,5 high energy resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure (HR-XANES) and valence band resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (VB-RIXS) and ab initio multireference CASSCF and DFT based computations were applied to establish the electronic structure of iron-bound uranyl(v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE) P.O. 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Radmila Faizova
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jorge I Amaro-Estrada
- LPCNO, University of Toulouse INSA Toulouse 135, Avenue de Rangueil Toulouse Cedex 31077 France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, University of Toulouse INSA Toulouse 135, Avenue de Rangueil Toulouse Cedex 31077 France
| | - Tim Pruessmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE) P.O. 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thomas Neill
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE) P.O. 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Aaron Beck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE) P.O. 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE) P.O. 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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12
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Probing the electronic nature of Co centers forming the planar ring in octa-nuclear Co complexes using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Treu P, Sarma BB, Grunwaldt JD, Saraçi E. Oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols catalyzed by monomeric Fe‐sites inside MFI zeolite. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Treu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology GERMANY
| | - Bidyut Bikash Sarma
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology GERMANY
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Catalysis Science and Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen GERMANY
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14
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Czioska S, Ehelebe K, Geppert J, Escalera-López D, Boubnov A, Saraçi E, Mayerhöfer B, Krewer U, Cherevko S, Grunwaldt JD. Heating up the OER: Investigation of IrO2 OER catalysts as function of potential and temperature. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Czioska
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| | - Konrad Ehelebe
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Janis Geppert
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | - Daniel Escalera-López
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Britta Mayerhöfer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
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15
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Köhler L, Patzschke M, Bauters S, Vitova T, Butorin SM, Kvashnina KO, Schmidt M, Stumpf T, März J. Insights into the Electronic Structure of a U(IV) Amido and U(V) Imido Complex. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200119. [PMID: 35179271 PMCID: PMC9310906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the N‐heterocylic carbene ligand iPrIm (L1) and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (TMSA) as a base with UCl4 resulted in U(IV) and U(V) complexes. Uranium's +V oxidation state in (HL1)2[U(V)(TMSI)Cl5] (TMSI=trimethylsilylimido) (2) was confirmed by HERFD‐XANES measurements. Solid state characterization by SC‐XRD and geometry optimisation of [U(IV)(L1)2(TMSA)Cl3] (1) indicated a silylamido ligand mediated inverse trans influence (ITI). The ITI was examined regarding different metal oxidation states and was compared to transition metal analogues by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Köhler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Patzschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephen Bauters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF at the European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF at the European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane März
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Butorin SM, Bauters S, Amidani L, Beck A, Weiss S, Vitova T, Tougait O. X-ray spectroscopic study of chemical state in uranium carbides. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:295-302. [PMID: 35254291 PMCID: PMC8900850 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752101314x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UC and UMeC2 (Me = Fe, Zr, Mo) carbides were studied by the high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption (HERFD-XAS) technique at the U M4 and L3 edges. Both U M4 and L3 HERFD-XAS reveal some differences between UMeC2 and UC; there are differences also between the M4 and L3 edge results for both types of carbide in terms of the spectral width and energy position. The observed differences are attributed to the consequences of the U 5f, 6d-4d(3d) hybridization in UMeC2. Calculations of the U M4 HERFD-XAS spectra were also performed using the Anderson impurity model (AIM). Based on the analysis of the data, the 5f occupancy in the ground state of UC was estimated to be 3.05 electrons. This finding is also supported by the analysis of U N4,5 XAS of UC and by the results of the AIM calculations of the U 4f X-ray photoelectron spectrum of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen Bauters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF – The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Lucia Amidani
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF – The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Aaron Beck
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olivier Tougait
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
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17
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Maurer F, Beck A, Jelic J, Wang W, Mangold S, Stehle M, Wang D, Dolcet P, Gänzler AM, Kübel C, Studt F, Casapu M, Grunwaldt JD. Surface Noble Metal Concentration on Ceria as a Key Descriptor for Efficient Catalytic CO Oxidation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Maurer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mangold
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Stehle
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Paolo Dolcet
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Gänzler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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18
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Schacherl B, Joseph C, Lavrova P, Beck A, Reitz C, Prüssmann T, Fellhauer D, Lee JY, Dardenne K, Rothe J, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Paving the way for examination of coupled redox/solid-liquid interface reactions: 1 ppm Np adsorbed on clay studied by Np M5-edge HR-XANES spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1202:339636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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19
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Kumar S, Rothe J, Finck N, Vitova T, Dardenne K, Beck A, Schild D, Geckeis H. Effect of manganese on the speciation of neptunium(V) on manganese doped magnetites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Pan Z, Roebbert Y, Beck A, Bartova B, Vitova T, Weyer S, Bernier-Latmani R. Persistence of the Isotopic Signature of Pentavalent Uranium in Magnetite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1753-1762. [PMID: 35061941 PMCID: PMC8811959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Uranium isotopic signatures can be harnessed to monitor the reductive remediation of subsurface contamination or to reconstruct paleo-redox environments. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of the isotope fractionation associated with U reduction remain poorly understood. Here, we present a coprecipitation study, in which hexavalent U (U(VI)) was reduced during the synthesis of magnetite and pentavalent U (U(V)) was the dominant species. The measured δ238U values for unreduced U(VI) (∼-1.0‰), incorporated U (96 ± 2% U(V), ∼-0.1‰), and extracted surface U (mostly U(IV), ∼0.3‰) suggested the preferential accumulation of the heavy isotope in reduced species. Upon exposure of the U-magnetite coprecipitate to air, U(V) was partially reoxidized to U(VI) with no significant change in the δ238U value. In contrast, anoxic amendment of a heavy isotope-doped U(VI) solution resulted in an increase in the δ238U of the incorporated U species over time, suggesting an exchange between incorporated and surface/aqueous U. Overall, the results support the presence of persistent U(V) with a light isotope signature and suggest that the mineral dynamics of iron oxides may allow overprinting of the isotopic signature of incorporated U species. This work furthers the understanding of the isotope fractionation of U associated with iron oxides in both modern and paleo-environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhen Pan
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Cluster of Interfacial Processes
Against Pollution (CIPAP), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Roebbert
- Leibniz,
Universität Hannover, Institut für
Mineralogie, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Aaron Beck
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Barbora Bartova
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Stefan Weyer
- Leibniz,
Universität Hannover, Institut für
Mineralogie, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rizlan Bernier-Latmani
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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21
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Kvashnina KO, Butorin SM. High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at actinide M 4,5 and ligand K edges: what we know, what we want to know, and what we can know. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:327-342. [PMID: 34874022 PMCID: PMC8725612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have progressively recognized the role of electronic structures in the characterization of chemical properties for actinide containing materials. High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at the actinide M4,5 edges emerged as a promising direction because this method can probe actinide properties at the atomic level through the possibility of reducing the experimental spectral width below the natural core-hole lifetime broadening. Parallel to the technical developments of the X-ray method and experimental discoveries, theoretical models, describing the observed electronic structure phenomena, have also advanced. In this feature article, we describe the latest progress in the field of high-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at the actinide M4,5 and ligand K edges and we show that the methods are able to (a) provide fingerprint information on the actinide oxidation state and ground state characters (b) probe 5f occupancy, non-stoichiometry, defects, and ligand/metal ratio and (c) investigate the local symmetry and effects of the crystal field. We discuss the chemical aspects of the electronic structure in terms familiar to chemists and materials scientists and conclude with a brief description of new opportunities and approaches to improve the experimental methodology and theoretical analysis for f-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Vigier JF, Freis D, Walter O, Dieste Blanco O, Bouëxière D, Zuleger E, Palina N, Vitova T, Konings RJM, Popa K. Synthesis and characterization of homogeneous (U,Am)O 2 and (U,Pu,Am)O 2 nanopowders. CrystEngComm 2022; 24:6338-6348. [PMID: 36275942 PMCID: PMC9486969 DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper details the first dedicated production of homogeneous nanocrystalline particles of mixed actinide oxide solid solutions containing americium. The target compositions were U0.75Pu0.20Am0.05O2, U0.90Am0.10O2 and U0.80Am0.20O2. After successful hydrothermal synthesis and chemical characterisation, the nanocrystals were sintered and their structure and behaviour under self-irradiation were studied by powder XRD. Cationic charge distribution of the as-prepared nanocrystalline and sintered U0.80Am0.20O2 materials was investigated applying U M4 and Am M5 edge high energy resolution XANES (HR-XANES). Typical oxidation states detected for the cations are U(iv)/U(v) and Am(iii)/Am(iv). The measured crystallographic swelling was systematically smaller for the as-synthesised nanoparticles than the sintered products. For sintered pellets, the maximal volumetric swelling was about 0.8% at saturation, in line with literature data for PuO2, AmO2, (U,Pu)O2 or (U,Am)O2. Sinterable homogeneous nanoparticles of [U,(Pu),Am]O2 are produced hydrothermally from corresponding oxalates. The uranium and americium oxidation states are diverse in both as-synthesized nanopowders and sintered materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Freis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Walter
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Bouëxière
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Evelyn Zuleger
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Natalia Palina
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Karin Popa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Schacherl B, Prüssmann T, Dardenne K, Hardock K, Krepper V, Rothe J, Vitova T, Geckeis H. Implementation of cryogenic tender X-ray HR-XANES spectroscopy at the ACT station of the CAT-ACT beamline at the KIT Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:80-88. [PMID: 34985425 PMCID: PMC8733978 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521012650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ACT experimental station of the CAT-ACT wiggler beamline at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Light Source is dedicated to the investigation of radionuclide materials with radioactivities up to 1000000 times the exemption limit by various speciation techniques applying monochromatic X-rays. In this article, the latest technological developments at the ACT station that enable high-resolution X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HR-XANES) spectroscopy for low radionuclide loading samples are highlighted - encompassing the investigation of actinide elements down to 1 p.p.m. concentration - combined with a cryogenic sample environment reducing beam-induced sample alterations. One important part of this development is a versatile gas tight plexiglass encasement ensuring that all beam paths in the five-analyzer-crystal Johann-type X-ray emission spectrometer run within He atmosphere. The setup enables the easy exchange between different experiments (conventional X-ray absorption fine structure, HR-XANES, high-energy or wide-angle X-ray scattering, tender to hard X-ray spectroscopy) and opens up the possibility for the investigation of environmental samples, such as specimens containing transuranium elements from contaminated land sites or samples from sorption and diffusion experiments to mimic the far field of a breached nuclear waste repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schacherl
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tim Prüssmann
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Hardock
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Volker Krepper
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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24
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Tofighi G, Lichtenberg H, Gaur A, Wang W, Wild S, Herrera Delgado K, Pitter S, Dittmeyer R, Grunwaldt JD, Doronkin DE. Continuous synthesis of Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3 nanoparticles in a co-precipitation reaction using a silicon based microfluidic reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic reactor enabled continuous co-precipitation synthesis of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts for methanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tofighi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Henning Lichtenberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wild
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karla Herrera Delgado
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephan Pitter
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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25
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Pruessmann T, Nagel P, Simonelli L, Batchelor D, Gordon R, Schimmelpfennig B, Trumm M, Vitova T. Opportunities and challenges of applying advanced X-ray spectroscopy to actinide and lanthanide N-donor ligand systems. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:53-66. [PMID: 34985423 PMCID: PMC8733980 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521012091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
N-donor ligands such as n-Pr-BTP [2,6-bis(5,6-dipropyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine] preferentially bind trivalent actinides (An3+) over trivalent lanthanides (Ln3+) in liquid-liquid separation. However, the chemical and physical processes responsible for this selectivity are not yet well understood. Here, an explorative comparative X-ray spectroscopy and computational (L3-edge) study for the An/Ln L3-edge and the N K-edge of [An/Ln(n-Pr-BTP)3](NO3)3, [Ln(n-Pr-BTP)3](CF3SO3)3 and [Ln(n-Pr-BTP)3](ClO4)3 complexes is presented. High-resolution X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HR-XANES) L3-edge data reveal additional features in the pre- and post-edge range of the spectra that are investigated using the quantum chemical codes FEFF and FDMNES. X-ray Raman spectroscopy studies demonstrate the applicability of this novel technique for investigations of liquid samples of partitioning systems at the N K-edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Pruessmann
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Nagel
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Simonelli
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08290, Spain
| | - David Batchelor
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Gordon
- PNCSRF, APS Sector 20, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Moyie Institute, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Bernd Schimmelpfennig
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Trumm
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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26
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Deschner BJ, Doronkin DE, Sheppard TL, Rabsch G, Grunwaldt JD, Dittmeyer R. Continuous-flow reactor setup for operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy of high pressure heterogeneous liquid-solid catalytic processes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:124101. [PMID: 34972445 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow reactor and a continuous-flow setup compatible with operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were designed for safely studying liquid-phase reactions on solid high atomic number transition metal catalysts (e.g., Au, Pd, and Pt) under pressures up to 100 bars with temperatures up to 100 °C. The reactor has a stainless-steel body, 2 mm thick polyether ether ketone (PEEK) x-ray windows, and a low internal volume of 0.31 ml. The rectangular chamber (6 × 5 × 1 mm3) between the PEEK x-ray windows allows us to perform XAS studies of packed beds or monoliths in the transmission mode at any position in the cell over a length of 60 mm. A 146° wide-angle beam access also allows recording complementary x-ray fluorescence or x-ray diffraction signals. The setup was engineered to continuously feed a single-phase liquid flow saturated with one or more gaseous reactants to the liquid-solid XAS reactor containing no free gas phase for enhanced process safety and sample homogeneity. The proof of concept for the continuous-flow XAS cell and high-pressure setup was provided by operando XAS measurements during the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide at room temperature and 40 bars using a 35 ± 5 mg catalyst (1 wt. % Pd/TiO2) and inline near-infrared spectroscopy. The experiments prove that the system is well suited to follow the reaction in the liquid phase while recording high-quality XAS data, paving the way for detailed studies on the catalyst structure and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt J Deschner
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Thomas L Sheppard
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Georg Rabsch
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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27
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Bagus PS, Schacherl B, Vitova T. Computational and Spectroscopic Tools for the Detection of Bond Covalency in Pu(IV) Materials. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16090-16102. [PMID: 34634201 PMCID: PMC8564760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plutonium is used as a major component of new-generation nuclear fuels and of radioisotope batteries for Mars rovers, but it is also an environmental pollutant. Plutonium clearly has high technological and environmental importance, but it has an extremely complex, not well-understood electronic structure. The level of covalency of the Pu 5f valence orbitals and their role in chemical bonding are still an enigma and thus at the frontier of research in actinide science. We performed fully relativistic quantum chemical computations of the electronic structure of the Pu4+ ion and the PuO2 compound. Using four different theoretical tools, it is shown that the 5f orbitals have very little covalent character although the 5f(7/2) a2u orbital with the highest orbital energy has the greatest extent of covalency in PuO2. It is illustrated that the Pu M4,5 edge high-energy resolution X-ray absorption near-edge structure (Pu M4,5 HR-XANES) spectra cannot be interpreted in terms of dipole selection rules applied between individual 3d and 5f orbitals, but the selection rules must be applied between the total wavefunctions for the initial and excited states. This is because the states cannot be represented by single determinants. They are shown to involve major redistributions on the 5f electrons over the different 5f orbitals. These redistributions could be viewed as shake-up-like excitations in the 5f shell from the lowest orbital energy from J = 5f(5/2) into higher orbital energy J = 5f(7/2). We show that the second peak in the Pu M4 edge and the high-energy shoulder of the Pu M5 edge HR-XANES spectra probe the 5f(7/2) a2u orbital; thus, these spectral features are expected to change upon bond variations. We describe theoretical and spectroscopy tools, which can be applied for all actinide elements in materials with cubic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Bagus
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germay
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germay
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28
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Investigating cubane formation and effect of co-crystallization agents in oxo-bridged Co complexes using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Caciuffo R, Lander GH. X-ray synchrotron radiation studies of actinide materials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1692-1708. [PMID: 34738923 PMCID: PMC8570219 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By reviewing a selection of X-ray diffraction (XRD), resonant X-ray scattering (RXS), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), resonant and non-resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS, NIXS), and dispersive inelastic scattering (IXS) experiments, the potential of synchrotron radiation techniques in studying lattice and electronic structure, hybridization effects, multipolar order and lattice dynamics in actinide materials is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Caciuffo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerard H. Lander
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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30
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Straß‐Eifert A, Sheppard TL, Becker H, Friedland J, Zimina A, Grunwaldt J, Güttel R. Cobalt‐based Nanoreactors in Combined Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis and Hydroprocessing: Effects on Methane and CO
2
Selectivity. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Straß‐Eifert
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Henning Becker
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Jens Friedland
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Robert Güttel
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 D-89069 Ulm Germany
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31
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Prieur D, Vigier JF, Popa K, Walter O, Dieste O, Varga Z, Beck A, Vitova T, Scheinost AC, Martin PM. Charge Distribution in U 1-xCe xO 2+y Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14550-14556. [PMID: 34524816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of safe management of the nuclear wastes, a sound knowledge of the atomic-scale properties of U1-xMxO2+y nanoparticles is essential. In particular, their cation valences and oxygen stoichiometries are of great interest as these properties drive their diffusion and migration behaviors into the environment. Here, we present an in-depth study of U1-xCexO2+y, over the full compositional domain, by combining X-ray diffraction and high-energy resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption near-edge structure. We show, on one hand, the coexistence of UIV, UV, and UVI and, on the other hand, that the fluorite structure is maintained despite this charge distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Prieur
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-François Vigier
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karin Popa
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Walter
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oliver Dieste
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zsolt Varga
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aaron Beck
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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32
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Townsend LT, Morris K, Harrison R, Schacherl B, Vitova T, Kovarik L, Pearce CI, Mosselmans JFW, Shaw S. Sulfidation of magnetite with incorporated uranium. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130117. [PMID: 34088087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) is a radionuclide of key environmental interest due its abundance by mass within radioactive waste and presence in contaminated land scenarios. Ubiquitously present iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phases, such as (nano)magnetite, have been identified as candidates for immobilisation of U via incorporation into the mineral structure. Studies of how biogeochemical processes, such as sulfidation from the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, may affect iron (oxyhydr)oxides and impact radionuclide mobility are important in order to underpin geological disposal of radioactive waste and manage radioactively contaminated land. Here, this study utilised a highly controlled abiotic method for sulfidation of U(V) incorporated into nanomagnetite to determine the fate and speciation of U. Upon sulfidation, transient release of U into solution occurred (∼8.6% total U) for up to 3 days, despite the highly reducing conditions. As the system evolved, lepidocrocite was observed to form over a period of days to weeks. After 10 months, XAS and geochemical data showed all U was partitioned to the solid phase, as both nanoparticulate uraninite (U(IV)O2) and a percentage of retained U(V). Further EXAFS analysis showed incorporation of the residual U(V) fraction into an iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phase, likely nanomagnetite or lepidocrocite. Overall, these results provide new insights into the stability of U(V) incorporated iron (oxyhydr)oxides during sulfidation, confirming the longer term retention of U in the solid phase under complex, environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Townsend
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert Harrison
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Dardenne K, Duckworth S, Gaona X, Polly R, Schimmelpfennig B, Pruessmann T, Rothe J, Altmaier M, Geckeis H. A Combined Study of Tc Redox Speciation in Complex Aqueous Systems: Wet-Chemistry, Tc K-/L 3-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, and Ab Initio Calculations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12285-12298. [PMID: 34328309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The combination of wet-chemistry experiments (measurements of pH, Eh, and [Tc]) and advanced spectroscopic techniques (K- and L3-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy) confirms the formation of a very stable Tc(V)-gluconate complex under anoxic conditions. In the presence of gluconate and an excess of Sn(II) (at pe + pH ≈ 2), technetium forms a very stable Tc(IV)-gluconate complex significantly enhancing the solubility defined by TcO2(s) in hyperalkaline gluconate-free systems. A new setup for "tender" X-ray spectroscopy (spectral range, ∼2-5 keV) in transmission or total fluorescence yield detection mode based on a He flow cell has been developed at the INE Beamline for radionuclide science (KIT light source). This setup allows handling of radioactive specimens with total activities up to one million times the exemption limit. For the first time, Tc L3-edge measurements (∼2.677 keV) of Tc species in liquid (aqueous) media are reported, clearly outperforming conventional K-edge spectroscopy as a tool to differentiate Tc oxidation states and coordination environments. The coupling of L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy measurements and relativistic multireference ab initio methods opens new perspectives in the definition of chemical and thermodynamic models for systems of relevance in the context of nuclear waste disposal, environmental, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Dardenne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Duckworth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xavier Gaona
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robert Polly
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd Schimmelpfennig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Pruessmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Altmaier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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34
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Molinas M, Faizova R, Brown A, Galanzew J, Schacherl B, Bartova B, Meibom KL, Vitova T, Mazzanti M, Bernier-Latmani R. Biological Reduction of a U(V)-Organic Ligand Complex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4753-4761. [PMID: 33705103 PMCID: PMC8154365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal-reducing microorganisms such as Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 reduce highly soluble species of hexavalent uranyl (U(VI)) to less mobile tetravalent uranium (U(IV)) compounds. The biologically mediated immobilization of U(VI) is being considered for the remediation of U contamination. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of biological U(VI) reduction remain unresolved. It has become clear that a first electron transfer occurs to form pentavalent (U(V)) intermediates, but it has not been definitively established whether a second one-electron transfer can occur or if disproportionation of U(V) is required. Here, we utilize the unusual properties of dpaea2- ((dpaeaH2═bis(pyridyl-6-methyl-2-carboxylate)-ethylamine)), a ligand forming a stable soluble aqueous complex with U(V), and investigate the reduction of U(VI)-dpaea and U(V)-dpaea by S. oneidensis MR-1. We establish U speciation through time by separating U(VI) from U(IV) by ion exchange chromatography and characterize the reaction end-products using U M4-edge high resolution X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HR-XANES) spectroscopy. We document the reduction of solid phase U(VI)-dpaea to aqueous U(V)-dpaea but, most importantly, demonstrate that of U(V)-dpaea to U(IV). This work establishes the potential for biological reduction of U(V) bound to a stabilizing ligand. Thus, further work is warranted to investigate the possible persistence of U(V)-organic complexes followed by their bioreduction in environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Molinas
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, and Group of Coordination Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Radmila Faizova
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, and Group of Coordination Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ashley Brown
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, and Group of Coordination Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jurij Galanzew
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal
(INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal
(INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Barbora Bartova
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, and Group of Coordination Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Karin L. Meibom
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, and Group of Coordination Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal
(INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, and Group of Coordination Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Rizlan Bernier-Latmani
- Environmental
Microbiology Laboratory, and Group of Coordination Chemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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35
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Egeberg A, Faden LP, Zimina A, Grunwaldt JD, Gerthsen D, Feldmann C. Liquid-phase synthesis of highly oxophilic zerovalent niobium and tantalum nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3648-3651. [PMID: 33870350 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Zerovalent niobium, Nb(0), and tantalum, Ta(0), nanoparticles are prepared via a one-pot, liquid-phase synthesis. For this, NbCl5/TaCl5 are dissolved in pyridine and reduced by lithium pyridinyl. Deep black suspensions of very small, highly uniform nanoparticles are obtained with average diameters of 2.1 ± 0.4 nm (Nb(0)) and 1.9 ± 0.4 nm (Ta(0)). Whereas suspensions are chemically and colloidally stable, powder samples are very reactive. TEM/HRTEM, XRD, FT-IR, and XANES are used for characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Egeberg
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
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36
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Eggart D, Zimina A, Cavusoglu G, Casapu M, Doronkin DE, Lomachenko KA, Grunwaldt JD. Versatile and high temperature spectroscopic cell for operando fluorescence and transmission x-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of heterogeneous catalysts. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023106. [PMID: 33648105 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A modular high-temperature cell consisting of a plug-flow microreactor with a fixed catalyst bed and long heating zone has been established for operando x-ray absorption/fluorescence spectroscopic and diffraction studies. The functionality of the cell is demonstrated for two important areas: emission control using 2 wt. % Pd/Al2O3 acting as a three-way catalyst and direct conversion of methane to olefins and aromatics on a 0.5% Fe/SiO2 catalyst. The performance has been determined by online infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, respectively. In addition, the cell can be combined with optical spectroscopy, such as Raman spectroscopy. The catalyst, present as powdered/sieved samples, can be measured under reaction conditions at temperatures of up to 1050 °C. Another key aspect is a long isothermal heating zone with a small temperature gradient (<3 °C/mm at 1000 °C without reaction) including an inert zone for pre-heating of the reactant gas. Due to the small size of the microreactor and the heating system including a water cooling system, heating/cooling rates of up to 100 °C/min can be achieved. Moreover, due to the compact design and the autonomous control system, the high temperature operando setup fits to the space at the majority of synchrotron beamlines. In many cases, the concentration of the element of interest in the catalysts is low requiring x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements in the fluorescence measurement mode. Hence, the microreactor was designed to fit such needs as well. More specifically, the case of Fe-containing catalysts was particularly considered by using iron-free materials for the reactor housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eggart
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gülperi Cavusoglu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kirill A Lomachenko
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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37
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Marquart W, Raseale S, Prieto G, Zimina A, Sarma BB, Grunwaldt JD, Claeys M, Fischer N. CO 2 Reduction over Mo 2C-Based Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wijnand Marquart
- Catalysis Institute and c*change (DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag
X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Shaine Raseale
- Catalysis Institute and c*change (DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag
X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gonzalo Prieto
- ITQ Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Bidyut Bikash Sarma
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Michael Claeys
- Catalysis Institute and c*change (DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag
X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Nico Fischer
- Catalysis Institute and c*change (DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag
X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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38
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Bouty O, Ramond L, Dardenne K, Rothe J. Two-dimensional Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering on a Cm-doped borosilicate glass in a beryllium container. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:214-223. [PMID: 33399571 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520015258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction technique was applied to a Cm-doped borosilicate glass in a beryllium container. The experiment involved a high-energy X-ray beam and an image plate. It is shown that it is possible to extract the structure factor of the radioactive glass successfully from diffraction patterns and compare it with that of the pristine one. Striking differences appear under the first diffraction peak, revealing new sub-structures for the radioactive glass. It is suggested that they could be related to structural changes in the medium-range order, in particular the size distribution of rings or chains under the influence of mixed interactions between the glass network, α-particles and recoil nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bouty
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Site de Marcoule, DES, ISEC, DE2D, Université Montpellier, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Laure Ramond
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Site de Marcoule, DES, ISEC, DE2D, Université Montpellier, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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39
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Scheinost AC, Claussner J, Exner J, Feig M, Findeisen S, Hennig C, Kvashnina KO, Naudet D, Prieur D, Rossberg A, Schmidt M, Qiu C, Colomp P, Cohen C, Dettona E, Dyadkin V, Stumpf T. ROBL-II at ESRF: a synchrotron toolbox for actinide research. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:333-349. [PMID: 33399586 PMCID: PMC7842221 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520014265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ROBL-II provides four different experimental stations to investigate actinide and other alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides at the new EBS storage ring of ESRF within an energy range of 3 to 35 keV. The XAFS station consists of a highly automatized, high sample throughput installation in a glovebox, to measure EXAFS and conventional XANES of samples routinely at temperatures down to 10 K, and with a detection limit in the sub-p.p.m. range. The XES station with its five bent-crystal analyzer, Johann-type setup with Rowland circles of 1.0 and 0.5 m radii provides high-energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) for XANES, XES, and RIXS measurements, covering both actinide L and M edges together with other elements accessible in the 3 to 20 keV energy range. The six-circle heavy duty goniometer of XRD-1 is equipped for both high-resolution powder diffraction as well as surface-sensitive CTR and RAXR techniques. Single crystal diffraction, powder diffraction with high temporal resolution, as well as X-ray tomography experiments can be performed at a Pilatus 2M detector stage (XRD-2). Elaborate radioprotection features enable a safe and easy exchange of samples between the four different stations to allow the combination of several methods for an unprecedented level of information on radioactive samples for both fundamental and applied actinide and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C. Scheinost
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juergen Claussner
- Department of Research Technology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joerg Exner
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Feig
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Findeisen
- Department of Research Technology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Hennig
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina O. Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Damien Naudet
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Damien Prieur
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andre Rossberg
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Colomp
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Cedric Cohen
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Dettona
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Vadim Dyadkin
- Swiss Norwegian Beamlines, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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40
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Gerber E, Romanchuk AY, Weiss S, Bauters S, Schacherl B, Vitova T, Hübner R, Shams Aldin Azzam S, Detollenaere D, Banerjee D, Butorin SM, Kalmykov SN, Kvashnina KO. Insight into the structure–property relationship of UO 2 nanoparticles. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that the structural and electronic properties of UO2 NPs (2–3 nm) are similar to those of bulk UO2 under inert conditions, with U(iv) as the dominating oxidation state, though NPs oxidize with time and under the X-ray beam.
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41
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Yu J, Yang M, Zhang J, Ge Q, Zimina A, Pruessmann T, Zheng L, Grunwaldt JD, Sun J. Stabilizing Cu+ in Cu/SiO2 Catalysts with a Shattuckite-Like Structure Boosts CO2 Hydrogenation into Methanol. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Lei Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jian Sun
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Schade OR, Stein F, Reichenberger S, Gaur A, Saraҫi E, Barcikowski S, Grunwaldt J. Selective Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural over Heterogeneous Silver‐Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R. Schade
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany 44820
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Frederic Stein
- Technical Chemistry I University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Sven Reichenberger
- Technical Chemistry I University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany 44820
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Erisa Saraҫi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany 44820
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany 44820
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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43
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Zheng L, Zimina A, Casapu M, Grunwaldt J. Hydrocarbon and Soot Oxidation over Cerium and Iron Doped Vanadium SCR Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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44
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Boulanger N, Kuzenkova AS, Iakunkov A, Romanchuk AY, Trigub AL, Egorov AV, Bauters S, Amidani L, Retegan M, Kvashnina KO, Kalmykov SN, Talyzin AV. Enhanced Sorption of Radionuclides by Defect-Rich Graphene Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45122-45135. [PMID: 32902246 PMCID: PMC7684581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extremely defect graphene oxide (dGO) is proposed as an advanced sorbent for treatment of radioactive waste and contaminated natural waters. dGO prepared using a modified Hummers oxidation procedure, starting from reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a precursor, shows significantly higher sorption of U(VI), Am(III), and Eu(III) than standard graphene oxides (GOs). Earlier studies revealed the mechanism of radionuclide sorption related to defects in GO sheets. Therefore, explosive thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide was used to prepare rGO with a large number of defects and holes. Defects and holes are additionally introduced by Hummers oxidation of rGO, thus providing an extremely defect-rich material. Analysis of characterization by XPS, TGA, and FTIR shows that dGO oxygen functionalization is predominantly related to defects, such as flake edges and edge atoms of holes, whereas standard GO exhibits oxygen functional groups mostly on the planar surface. The high abundance of defects in dGO results in a 15-fold increase in sorption capacity of U(VI) compared to that in standard Hummers GO. The improved sorption capacity of dGO is related to abundant carboxylic group attached hole edge atoms of GO flakes as revealed by synchrotron-based extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and high-energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption near edge structure (HERFD-XANES) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasiia S. Kuzenkova
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem Iakunkov
- Department
of Physics, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Yu. Romanchuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Trigub
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National
Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Egorov
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Stephen Bauters
- The
Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF − The
European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute
of Resource Ecology, P. O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucia Amidani
- The
Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF − The
European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute
of Resource Ecology, P. O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Retegan
- The
European
Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Kristina O. Kvashnina
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- The
Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF − The
European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute
of Resource Ecology, P. O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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45
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Müller S, Zimina A, Steininger R, Flessau S, Osswald J, Grunwaldt JD. High Stability of Rh Oxide-Based Thermoresistive Catalytic Combustion Sensors Proven by Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2486-2496. [PMID: 32627540 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresistive catalytic combustion sensors based on noble metals are very stable stable and highly sensitive devices to monitor potentially explosive atmospheres. We studied and proved the high stability of rhodium oxide-based sensors under working conditions in different CH4/air mixtures (up to 3.5 vol % methane) with the help of operando X-ray-based characterization techniques, DC resistance measurements, and IR thermography using a specially designed in situ cell. Operando X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that the active Rh species are in the oxidized state and their chemical state is preserved during operation under realistic conditions. The resistance correlated with the surface temperature of the pellistor and is related to the combustion of CH4, confirming the catalytic nature of the observed sensing process. Only under harsh operation conditions such as an oxygen-free atmosphere or enhanced working current, a reduction in the active Rh2O3 phase was observed. Finally, the effect of poisoning causing the lowered activity on the catalytic combustion of methane was investigated. While stable rhodium sulfate might form in a sulfur-poisoned pellistor, silicon dioxide seems to additionally physically block the pores in the alumina ceramics of the pellistor poisoned by hexamethyldisiloxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Müller
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ralph Steininger
- Institute for Photon Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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46
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Han S, Zhao D, Otroshchenko T, Lund H, Bentrup U, Kondratenko VA, Rockstroh N, Bartling S, Doronkin DE, Grunwaldt JD, Rodemerck U, Linke D, Gao M, Jiang G, Kondratenko EV. Elucidating the Nature of Active Sites and Fundamentals for their Creation in Zn-Containing ZrO2–Based Catalysts for Nonoxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanlei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tatiana Otroshchenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrik Lund
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula Bentrup
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Vita A. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nils Rockstroh
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology and Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology and Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Rodemerck
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - David Linke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Manglai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Evgenii V. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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47
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Smitshuysen TEL, Nielsen MR, Pruessmann T, Zimina A, Sheppard TL, Grunwaldt J, Chorkendorff I, Damsgaard CD. Optimizing Ni−Fe−Ga alloys into Ni
2
FeGa for the Hydrogenation of CO
2
into Methanol. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. L. Smitshuysen
- Surfcat, Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 311 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Monia R. Nielsen
- DTU NanolabTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 307 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tim Pruessmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Surfcat, Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 311 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Christian D. Damsgaard
- Surfcat, Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 311 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
- DTU NanolabTechnical University of Denmark Fysikvej, Building 307 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark
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48
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Prieur D, Bonani W, Popa K, Walter O, Kriegsman KW, Engelhard MH, Guo X, Eloirdi R, Gouder T, Beck A, Vitova T, Scheinost AC, Kvashnina K, Martin P. Size Dependence of Lattice Parameter and Electronic Structure in CeO 2 Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5760-5767. [PMID: 32233468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic properties of a compound (e.g., electronic structure, crystallographic structure, optical and magnetic properties) define notably its chemical and physical behavior. In the case of nanomaterials, these fundamental properties depend on the occurrence of quantum mechanical size effects and on the considerable increase of the surface to bulk ratio. Here, we explore the size dependence of both crystal and electronic properties of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes by state-of-the art spectroscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-energy resolution fluorescence-detection hard X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HERFD-XANES) spectroscopy demonstrate that the as-synthesized NPs crystallize in the fluorite structure and they are predominantly composed of CeIV ions. The strong dependence of the lattice parameter with the NPs size was attributed to the presence of adsorbed species at the NPs surface thanks to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. In addition, the size dependence of the t2g states in the Ce LIII XANES spectra was experimentally observed by HERFD-XANES and confirmed by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Prieur
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Walter Bonani
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karin Popa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Walter
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kyle W Kriegsman
- Department of Chemistry and Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Rachel Eloirdi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Gouder
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aaron Beck
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Kristina Kvashnina
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Philippe Martin
- CEA, DEN, DMRC, SFMA, LCC, F30207 Bagnols sur Cèze cedex, France
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49
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Ditter AS, Holden WM, Cary SK, Mocko V, Latimer MJ, Nelson EJ, Kozimor SA, Seidler GT. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering using a miniature dispersive Rowland refocusing spectrometer. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:446-454. [PMID: 32153283 PMCID: PMC7064111 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) beamlines worldwide are steadily increasing their emphasis on full photon-in/photon-out spectroscopies, such as resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) and high energy resolution fluorescence detection XAS (HERFD-XAS). In such cases, each beamline must match the choice of emission spectrometer to the scientific mission of its users. Previous work has recently reported a miniature tender X-ray spectrometer using a dispersive Rowland refocusing (DRR) geometry that functions with high energy resolution even with a large X-ray spot size on the sample [Holden et al. (2017). Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 073904]. This instrument has been used in the laboratory in multiple studies of non-resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy using a conventional X-ray tube, though only for preliminary measurements at a low-intensity microfocus synchrotron beamline. This paper reports an extensive study of the performance of a miniature DRR spectrometer at an unfocused wiggler beamline, where the incident monochromatic flux allows for resonant studies which are impossible in the laboratory. The results support the broader use of the present design and also suggest that the DRR method with an unfocused beam could have important applications for materials with low radiation damage thresholds and that would not survive analysis on focused beamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Ditter
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, PO Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
- C-IIAC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - William M. Holden
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, PO Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - Samantha K. Cary
- C-IIAC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Veronika Mocko
- C-IIAC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Matthew J. Latimer
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Erik J. Nelson
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- C-IIAC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Gerald T. Seidler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, PO Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
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50
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Vettese GF, Morris K, Natrajan LS, Shaw S, Vitova T, Galanzew J, Jones DL, Lloyd JR. Multiple Lines of Evidence Identify U(V) as a Key Intermediate during U(VI) Reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2268-2276. [PMID: 31934763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the dominant radionuclide by mass in many radioactive wastes, the control of uranium mobility in contaminated environments is of high concern. U speciation can be governed by microbial interactions, whereby metal-reducing bacteria are able to reduce soluble U(VI) to insoluble U(IV), providing a method for removal of U from contaminated groundwater. Although microbial U(VI) reduction is widely reported, the mechanism(s) for the transformation of U(VI) to relatively insoluble U(IV) phases are poorly understood. By combining a suite of analyses, including luminescence, U M4-edge high-energy resolved fluorescence detection-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and U L3-edge XANES/extended X-ray absorption fine structure, we show that the microbial reduction of U(VI) by the model Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR1, proceeds via a single electron transfer to form a pentavalent U(V) intermediate which disproportionates to form U(VI) and U(IV). Furthermore, we have identified significant U(V) present in post reduction solid phases, implying that U(V) may be stabilized for up to 120.5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni F Vettese
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , England
| | - Katherine Morris
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , England
| | - Louise S Natrajan
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , England
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , England
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe 76131 , Germany
| | - Jurij Galanzew
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe 76131 , Germany
| | - Debbie L Jones
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Bangor University , Bangor LL57 2DG , U.K
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , England
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