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Jiang S, Huang J, Yang H, Czuma R, Farley L, Cohen‐Oram A, Hartney K, Chechotka K, Kozel FA, Jiang H. Diffuse optical tomography for mapping cerebral hemodynamics and functional connectivity in delirium. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4032-4042. [PMID: 38700095 PMCID: PMC11180861 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delirium is associated with mortality and new onset dementia, yet the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Development of imaging biomarkers has been difficult given the challenging nature of imaging delirious patients. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) offers a promising approach for investigating delirium given its portability and three-dimensional capabilities. METHODS Twenty-five delirious and matched non-delirious patients (n = 50) were examined using DOT, comparing cerebral oxygenation and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex during and after an episode of delirium. RESULTS Total hemoglobin values were significantly decreased in the delirium group, even after delirium resolution. Functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was strengthened post-resolution compared to during an episode; however, this relationship was still significantly weaker compared to controls. DISCUSSION These findings highlight DOT's potential as an imaging biomarker to measure impaired cerebral oxygenation and functional dysconnectivity during and after delirium. Future studies should focus on the role of cerebral oxygenation in delirium pathogenesis and exploring the etiological link between delirium and dementias. HIGHLIGHTS We developed a portable diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for bedside three-dimensional functional neuroimaging to study delirium in the hospital. We implemented a novel DOT task-focused seed-based correlation analysis. DOT revealed decreased cerebral oxygenation and functional connectivity strength in the delirium group, even after resolution of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixie Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Medical EngineeringUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Medical EngineeringUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Richard Czuma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Lauren Farley
- Department of Surgery and Division of Vascular SurgeryUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Alexis Cohen‐Oram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kimberly Hartney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kristina Chechotka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - F. Andrew Kozel
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department of Medical EngineeringUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
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Markow ZE, Tripathy K, Svoboda AM, Schroeder ML, Rafferty SM, Richter EJ, Eggebrecht AT, Anastasio MA, Chevillet MA, Mugler EM, Naufel SN, Yin A, Trobaugh JW, Culver JP. Identifying Naturalistic Movies from Human Brain Activity with High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.27.566650. [PMID: 38076976 PMCID: PMC10705261 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.566650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Modern neuroimaging modalities, particularly functional MRI (fMRI), can decode detailed human experiences. Thousands of viewed images can be identified or classified, and sentences can be reconstructed. Decoding paradigms often leverage encoding models that reduce the stimulus space into a smaller yet generalizable feature set. However, the neuroimaging devices used for detailed decoding are non-portable, like fMRI, or invasive, like electrocorticography, excluding application in naturalistic use. Wearable, non-invasive, but lower-resolution devices such as electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been limited to decoding between stimuli used during training. Herein we develop and evaluate model-based decoding with high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), a higher-resolution expansion of fNIRS with demonstrated promise as a surrogate for fMRI. Using a motion energy model of visual content, we decoded the identities of novel movie clips outside the training set with accuracy far above chance for single-trial decoding. Decoding was robust to modulations of testing time window, different training and test imaging sessions, hemodynamic contrast, and optode array density. Our results suggest that HD-DOT can translate detailed decoding into naturalistic use.
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Abu Mhanna HY, Omar AF, Radzi YM, Oglat AA, Akhdar HF, Ewaidat HA, Almahmoud A, Badarneh LA, Malkawi AA, Malkawi A. Systematic Review Between Resting-State fMRI and Task fMRI in Planning for Brain Tumour Surgery. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2409-2424. [PMID: 38784380 PMCID: PMC11111578 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s470809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (T-fMRI), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) is suggested for preoperative mapping of patients with brain tumours, with an emphasis on treatment guidance and neurodegeneration prediction. A systematic review was conducted of 18 recent studies involving 1035 patients with brain tumours and Rs-fMRI protocols. This was accomplished by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. For clinical benefit, we compared Rs-fMRI to standard T-fMRI and intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS). The results of Rs-fMRI and T-fMRI were compared and their correlation with intraoperative DCS results was examined through a systematic review. Our exhaustive investigation demonstrated that Rs-fMRI is a dependable and sensitive preoperative mapping technique that detects neural networks in the brain with precision and identifies crucial functional regions in agreement with intraoperative DCS. Rs-fMRI comes in handy, especially in situations where T-fMRI proves to be difficult because of patient-specific factors. Additionally, our exhaustive investigation demonstrated that Rs-fMRI is a valuable tool in the preoperative screening and evaluation of brain tumours. Furthermore, its capability to assess brain function, forecast surgical results, and enhance decision-making may render it applicable in the clinical management of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Fairuz Omar
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Md Radzi
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ammar A Oglat
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hanan Fawaz Akhdar
- Physics Department, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haytham Al Ewaidat
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences-Radiologic Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology (J.U.S.T), Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Almahmoud
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences-Radiologic Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology (J.U.S.T), Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Laith Al Badarneh
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmed Malkawi
- Business Department, Al-Zaytoonah University, Amman, 594, Jordan
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Hebden JC, Forrester G, Zhang H, Pacis DM. Using spectral derivatives to remove the influence of hair on optical images of the static absorbing properties of tissue-like turbid media. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:025002. [PMID: 38681965 PMCID: PMC11046095 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Significance Although measurements of near-infrared light diffusely reflected from the head and other biological tissues are commonly used to generate images revealing changes in the concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, static imaging of absolute concentrations has been inhibited by the unknown and variable coupling between the optical probe and the skin, to which hair is often a significant contributor. Measurements of spectral derivatives provide a means of overcoming this shortcoming. Aim The aim is to demonstrate experimentally that measurements of the derivative of the attenuation of the detected signal with respect to wavelength can be used to achieve images that are immune to the spatial variation of hair on the surface. The objective is to generate topographic images representative of static absorbing properties rather than retrieving absolute optical coefficients, which requires a tomographic approach. Approach The surface of a tissue-equivalent phantom, containing targets with different concentrations of absorbing dye, was coated with a layer of dark hair. The phantom was then imaged using a broadband source and spectrometer, and prior knowledge of the absorbing characteristics of the dye and of melanin was used to acquire separate images of each. Results The targets within the phantom are revealed with remarkable clarity, although a nonlinear relationship between the target contrast and absorption was observed. This nonlinear behavior was confirmed and explained using a Monte Carlo model of light propagation in a slab of similar absorbing properties. Conclusions A spectral derivative approach could be an effective tool for in vivo topographic imaging of the static optical properties of the brain and other tissues, avoiding the deleterious effects of hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Hebden
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianna Forrester
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danica M. Pacis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
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Kothe C, Hanada G, Mullen S, Mullen T. On decoding of rapid motor imagery in a diverse population using a high-density NIRS device. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2024; 5:1355534. [PMID: 38529269 PMCID: PMC10961353 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2024.1355534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) aims to infer cognitive states such as the type of movement imagined by a study participant in a given trial using an optical method that can differentiate between oxygenation states of blood in the brain and thereby indirectly between neuronal activity levels. We present findings from an fNIRS study that aimed to test the applicability of a high-density (>3000 channels) NIRS device for use in short-duration (2 s) left/right hand motor imagery decoding in a diverse, but not explicitly balanced, subject population. A side aim was to assess relationships between data quality, self-reported demographic characteristics, and brain-computer interface (BCI) performance, with no subjects rejected from recruitment or analysis. Methods BCI performance was quantified using several published methods, including subject-specific and subject-independent approaches, along with a high-density fNIRS decoder previously validated in a separate study. Results We found that decoding of motor imagery on this population proved extremely challenging across all tested methods. Overall accuracy of the best-performing method (the high-density decoder) was 59.1 +/- 6.7% after excluding subjects where almost no optode-scalp contact was made over motor cortex and 54.7 +/- 7.6% when all recorded sessions were included. Deeper investigation revealed that signal quality, hemodynamic responses, and BCI performance were all strongly impacted by the hair phenotypical and demographic factors under investigation, with over half of variance in signal quality explained by demographic factors alone. Discussion Our results contribute to the literature reporting on challenges in using current-generation NIRS devices on subjects with long, dense, dark, and less pliable hair types along with the resulting potential for bias. Our findings confirm the need for increased focus on these populations, accurate reporting of data rejection choices across subject intake, curation, and final analysis in general, and signal a need for NIRS optode designs better optimized for the general population to facilitate more robust and inclusive research outcomes.
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Srinivasan S, Acharya D, Butters E, Collins-Jones L, Mancini F, Bale G. Subject-specific information enhances spatial accuracy of high-density diffuse optical tomography. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2024; 5:1283290. [PMID: 38444841 PMCID: PMC10910052 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2024.1283290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a widely used imaging method for mapping brain activation based on cerebral hemodynamics. The accurate quantification of cortical activation using fNIRS data is highly dependent on the ability to correctly localize the positions of light sources and photodetectors on the scalp surface. Variations in head size and shape across participants greatly impact the precise locations of these optodes and consequently, the regions of the cortical surface being reached. Such variations can therefore influence the conclusions drawn in NIRS studies that attempt to explore specific cortical regions. In order to preserve the spatial identity of each NIRS channel, subject-specific differences in NIRS array registration must be considered. Using high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), we have demonstrated the inter-subject variability of the same HD-DOT array applied to ten participants recorded in the resting state. We have also compared three-dimensional image reconstruction results obtained using subject-specific positioning information to those obtained using generic optode locations. To mitigate the error introduced by using generic information for all participants, photogrammetry was used to identify specific optode locations per-participant. The present work demonstrates the large variation between subjects in terms of which cortical parcels are sampled by equivalent channels in the HD-DOT array. In particular, motor cortex recordings suffered from the largest optode localization errors, with a median localization error of 27.4 mm between generic and subject-specific optodes, leading to large differences in parcel sensitivity. These results illustrate the importance of collecting subject-specific optode locations for all wearable NIRS experiments, in order to perform accurate group-level analysis using cortical parcellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Srinivasan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deepshikha Acharya
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Butters
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Collins-Jones
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Mancini
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Bale
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bröhl T, Rings T, Pukropski J, von Wrede R, Lehnertz K. The time-evolving epileptic brain network: concepts, definitions, accomplishments, perspectives. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 3:1338864. [PMID: 38293249 PMCID: PMC10825060 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1338864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is now considered a network disease that affects the brain across multiple levels of spatial and temporal scales. The paradigm shift from an epileptic focus-a discrete cortical area from which seizures originate-to a widespread epileptic network-spanning lobes and hemispheres-considerably advanced our understanding of epilepsy and continues to influence both research and clinical treatment of this multi-faceted high-impact neurological disorder. The epileptic network, however, is not static but evolves in time which requires novel approaches for an in-depth characterization. In this review, we discuss conceptual basics of network theory and critically examine state-of-the-art recording techniques and analysis tools used to assess and characterize a time-evolving human epileptic brain network. We give an account on current shortcomings and highlight potential developments towards an improved clinical management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Bröhl
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rings
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Pukropski
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Randi von Wrede
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Lehnertz
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Complex Systems, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Merdasa A, Berggren J, Tenland K, Stridh M, Hernandez-Palacios J, Gustafsson N, Sheikh R, Malmsjö M. Oxygen saturation mapping during reconstructive surgery of human forehead flaps with hyperspectral imaging and spectral unmixing. Microvasc Res 2023; 150:104573. [PMID: 37390964 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical spectroscopy is commonly used clinically to monitor oxygen saturation in tissue. The most commonly employed technique is pulse oximetry, which provides a point measurement of the arterial oxygen saturation and is commonly used for monitoring systemic hemodynamics, e.g. during anesthesia. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging technology that enables spatially resolved mapping of oxygen saturation in tissue (sO2), but needs to be further developed before implemented in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the applicability of HSI for mapping the sO2 in reconstructive surgery and demonstrate how spectral analysis can be used to obtain clinically relevant sO2 values. METHODS Spatial scanning HSI was performed on cutaneous forehead flaps, raised as part of a direct brow lift, in eight patients. Pixel-by-pixel spectral analysis, accounting for the absorption from multiple chromophores, was performed and compared to previous analysis techniques to assess sO2. RESULTS Spectral unmixing using a broad spectral range, and accounting for the absorption of melanin, fat, collagen, and water, provided a more clinically relevant estimate of sO2 than conventional techniques, where typically only spectral features associated with absorption of oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin are considered. We demonstrate its clinical applicability by generating sO2 maps of partially excised forehead flaps showed a gradual decrease in sO2 along the length of the flap from 95 % at the flap base to 85 % at the flap tip. After being fully excised, sO2 in the entire flap decreased to 50 % within a few minutes. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the capability of sO2 mapping in reconstructive surgery in patients using HSI. Spectral unmixing, accounting for multiple chromophores, provides sO2 values that are in accordance with physiological expectations in patients with normal functioning microvascularization. Our results suggest that HSI methods that yield reliable spectra are to be preferred, so that the analysis can produce results that are of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboma Merdasa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Berggren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Tenland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund, Sweden
| | - Magne Stridh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Nils Gustafsson
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund, Sweden
| | - Rafi Sheikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund, Sweden
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Lin CHP, Orukari I, Frisk LK, Verma M, Chetia S, Beslija F, Eggebrecht AT, Durduran T, Culver JP, Trobaugh JW. Anatomical Modeling and Optimization of Speckle Contrast Optical Tomography. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.06.556565. [PMID: 37732196 PMCID: PMC10508753 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.06.556565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods for mapping cerebral blood flow (CBF), such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, offer only isolated snapshots of CBF due to scanner logistics. Speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) is a promising optical technique for mapping CBF. However, while SCOT has been established in mice, the method has not yet been demonstrated in humans - partly due to a lack of anatomical reconstruction methods and uncertainty over the optimal design parameters. Herein we develop SCOT reconstruction methods that leverage MRI-based anatomical head models and finite-element modeling of the SCOT forward problem (NIRFASTer). We then simulate SCOT for CBF perturbations to evaluate sensitivity of imaging performance to exposure time and SD-distances. We find image resolution comparable to intensity-based diffuse optical tomography at superficial cortical tissue depth (~1.5 cm). Localization errors can be reduced by including longer SD-measurements. With longer exposure times speckle contrast decreases, however, noise decreases faster, resulting in a net increase in SNR. Specifically, extending exposure time from 10μs to 10ms increased SCOT SNR by 1000X. Overall, our modeling methods provide anatomically-based image reconstructions that can be used to evaluate a broad range of tissue conditions, measurement parameters, and noise sources and inform SCOT system design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao P. Lin
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Inema Orukari
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lisa Kobayashi Frisk
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manish Verma
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sumana Chetia
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Faruk Beslija
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jason W. Trobaugh
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Markow ZE, Trobaugh JW, Richter EJ, Tripathy K, Rafferty SM, Svoboda AM, Schroeder ML, Burns-Yocum TM, Bergonzi KM, Chevillet MA, Mugler EM, Eggebrecht AT, Culver JP. Ultra-high density imaging arrays for diffuse optical tomography of human brain improve resolution, signal-to-noise, and information decoding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.549920. [PMID: 37547013 PMCID: PMC10401969 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.549920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has dramatically advanced non-invasive human brain mapping and decoding. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) non-invasively measure blood oxygen fluctuations related to brain activity, like fMRI, at the brain surface, using more-lightweight equipment that circumvents ergonomic and logistical limitations of fMRI. HD-DOT grids have smaller inter-optode spacing (∼13 mm) than sparse fNIRS (∼30 mm) and therefore provide higher image quality, with spatial resolution ∼1/2 that of fMRI. Herein, simulations indicated reducing inter-optode spacing to 6.5 mm would further improve image quality and noise-resolution tradeoff, with diminishing returns below 6.5 mm. We then constructed an ultra-high-density DOT system (6.5-mm spacing) with 140 dB dynamic range that imaged stimulus-evoked activations with 30-50% higher spatial resolution and repeatable multi-focal activity with excellent agreement with participant-matched fMRI. Further, this system decoded visual stimulus position with 19-35% lower error than previous HD-DOT, throughout occipital cortex.
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11
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Anaya D, Batra G, Bracewell P, Catoen R, Chakraborty D, Chevillet M, Damodara P, Dominguez A, Emms L, Jiang Z, Kim E, Klumb K, Lau F, Le R, Li J, Mateo B, Matloff L, Mehta A, Mugler EM, Murthy A, Nakagome S, Orendorff R, Saung EF, Schwarz R, Sethi R, Sevile R, Srivastava A, Sundberg J, Yang Y, Yin A. Scalable, modular continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy system (Spotlight). JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:065003. [PMID: 37325190 PMCID: PMC10261976 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.6.065003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance We present a fiberless, portable, and modular continuous wave-functional near-infrared spectroscopy system, Spotlight, consisting of multiple palm-sized modules-each containing high-density light-emitting diode and silicon photomultiplier detector arrays embedded in a flexible membrane that facilitates optode coupling to scalp curvature. Aim Spotlight's goal is to be a more portable, accessible, and powerful functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device for neuroscience and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. We hope that the Spotlight designs we share here can spur more advances in fNIRS technology and better enable future non-invasive neuroscience and BCI research. Approach We report sensor characteristics in system validation on phantoms and motor cortical hemodynamic responses in a human finger-tapping experiment, where subjects wore custom 3D-printed caps with two sensor modules. Results The task conditions can be decoded offline with a median accuracy of 69.6%, reaching 94.7% for the best subject, and at a comparable accuracy in real time for a subset of subjects. We quantified how well the custom caps fitted to each subject and observed that better fit leads to more observed task-dependent hemodynamic response and better decoding accuracy. Conclusions The advances presented here should serve to make fNIRS more accessible for BCI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Anaya
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Gautam Batra
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | - Ryan Catoen
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | - Mark Chevillet
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | | | - Laurence Emms
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Zifan Jiang
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Ealgoo Kim
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Keith Klumb
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Frances Lau
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Rosemary Le
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Jamie Li
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Brett Mateo
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Laura Matloff
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Asha Mehta
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | - Akansh Murthy
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Sho Nakagome
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Ryan Orendorff
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - E-Fann Saung
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Roland Schwarz
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Ruben Sethi
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Rudy Sevile
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | - John Sundberg
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Ying Yang
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Allen Yin
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
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12
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Shatzer HE, Russo FA. Brightening the Study of Listening Effort with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Scoping Review. Semin Hear 2023; 44:188-210. [PMID: 37122884 PMCID: PMC10147513 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1766105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Listening effort is a long-standing area of interest in auditory cognitive neuroscience. Prior research has used multiple techniques to shed light on the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying listening during challenging conditions. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is growing in popularity as a tool for cognitive neuroscience research, and its recent advances offer many potential advantages over other neuroimaging modalities for research related to listening effort. This review introduces the basic science of fNIRS and its uses for auditory cognitive neuroscience. We also discuss its application in recently published studies on listening effort and consider future opportunities for studying effortful listening with fNIRS. After reading this article, the learner will know how fNIRS works and summarize its uses for listening effort research. The learner will also be able to apply this knowledge toward generation of future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Shatzer
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frank A. Russo
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Gao Y, Rogers D, von Lühmann A, Ortega-Martinez A, Boas DA, Yücel MA. Short-separation regression incorporated diffuse optical tomography image reconstruction modeling for high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:025007. [PMID: 37228904 PMCID: PMC10203730 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.2.025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Significance Short-separation (SS) regression and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) image reconstruction, two widely adopted methods in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), were demonstrated to individually facilitate the separation of brain activation and physiological signals, with further improvement using both sequentially. We hypothesized that doing both simultaneously would further improve the performance. Aim Motivated by the success of these two approaches, we propose a method, SS-DOT, which applies SS and DOT simultaneously. Approach The method, which employs spatial and temporal basis functions to represent the hemoglobin concentration changes, enables us to incorporate SS regressors into the time series DOT model. To benchmark the performance of the SS-DOT model against conventional sequential models, we use fNIRS resting state data augmented with synthetic brain response as well as data acquired during a ball squeezing task. The conventional sequential models comprise performing SS regression and DOT. Results The results show that the SS-DOT model improves the image quality by increasing the contrast-to-background ratio by a threefold improvement. The benefits are marginal at small brain activation. Conclusions The SS-DOT model improves the fNIRS image reconstruction quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - De’Ja Rogers
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Meryem Ayşe Yücel
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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14
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Gallagher A, Wallois F, Obrig H. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in pediatric clinical research: Different pathophysiologies and promising clinical applications. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:023517. [PMID: 36873247 PMCID: PMC9982436 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.2.023517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over its 30 years of existence, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has matured into a highly versatile tool to study brain function in infants and young children. Its advantages, amongst others, include its ease of application and portability, the option to combine it with electrophysiology, and its relatively good tolerance to movement. As shown by the impressive body of fNIRS literature in the field of cognitive developmental neuroscience, the method's strengths become even more relevant for (very) young individuals who suffer from neurological, behavioral, and/or cognitive impairment. Although a number of studies have been conducted with a clinical perspective, fNIRS cannot yet be considered as a truly clinical tool. The first step has been taken in this direction by studies exploring options in populations with well-defined clinical profiles. To foster further progress, here, we review several of these clinical approaches to identify the challenges and perspectives of fNIRS in the field of developmental disorders. We first outline the contributions of fNIRS in selected areas of pediatric clinical research: epilepsy, communicative and language disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We provide a scoping review as a framework to allow the highlighting of specific and general challenges of using fNIRS in pediatric research. We also discuss potential solutions and perspectives on the broader use of fNIRS in the clinical setting. This may be of use to future research, targeting clinical applications of fNIRS in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gallagher
- CHU Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, LIONLab, Cerebrum, Department of Psychology, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Inserm U1105, GRAMFC, Amiens, France
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Leipzig/Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Borjkhani H, Setarehdan SK. Quantitative Comparison of Analytical Solution and Finite Element Method for Investigation of Near-infrared Light Propagation in Brain Tissue Model. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:193-202. [PMID: 38107524 PMCID: PMC10719975 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1930.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an imaging method in which a light source and detector are installed on the head; consequently, the re-emission of light from human skin contains information about cerebral hemodynamic alteration. The spatial probability distribution profile of photons penetrating tissue at a source spot, scattering into the tissue, and being released at an appropriate detector position, represents the spatial sensitivity. Methods Modeling light propagation in a human head is essential for quantitative near-infrared spectroscopy and optical imaging. The specific form of the distribution of light is obtained using the theory of perturbation. An analytical solution of the perturbative diffusion equation (DE) and finite element method (FEM) in a Slab media (similar to the human head) makes it possible to study light propagation due to absorption and scattering of brain tissue. Results The simulation result indicates that sensitivity is slowly decreasing in the deep area, and the sensitivity below the source and detector is the highest. The depth sensitivity and computation time of both analytical and FEM methods are compared. The simulation time of the analytical approach is four times larger than the FEM. Conclusion In this paper, an analytical solution and the performance of FEM methods when applied to the diffusion equation for heterogeneous media with a single spherical defect are compared. The depth sensitivity along with the computation time of simulation has been investigated for both methods. For simple and Slab modes of the human brain, the analytical solution is the right candidate. Whenever the brain model is sophisticated, it is possible to use FEM methods, but it costs a higher computation time. Highlights Analytical and finite element method (FEM) depth sensitivity are almost the same.FEM requires more computation time, but can handle complicated head models.The analytical method is proposed for the first step and simple head models. Plain Language Summary The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a type of neuromonitoring that uses near-infrared light to measure brain activity indirectly and is similar to electroencephalography (EEG). A single-channel fNIRS system contains a near-infrared light source, which emits near-infrared light (NIR), and a detector is placed near the source. A light intensity change received by detectors indicates brain activity when NIR light penetrates into the gray matter. It is necessary to have a prior understanding of light penetration depth in order to measure brain activity more accurately. fNIRS can be better understood, optimized, and investigated through modeling light propagation in brain tissue. In order to study light in tissues, analytical and numerical methods can be used. In this work, we compared these two approaches quantitatively in a simple slab medium. We concluded that the numerical method takes too much time to calculate the results, but it can be applied to complicated head models. The results of these studies provide researchers with new insights into the modeling and simulation of fNIRS and diffuse optical tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Borjkhani
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao Y, Raghuram A, Wang F, Kim SH, Hielscher A, Robinson JT, Veeraraghavan A. Unrolled-DOT: an interpretable deep network for diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:036002. [PMID: 36908760 PMCID: PMC9995139 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.3.036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Imaging through scattering media is critical in many biomedical imaging applications, such as breast tumor detection and functional neuroimaging. Time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography (ToF-DOT) is one of the most promising methods for high-resolution imaging through scattering media. ToF-DOT and many traditional DOT methods require an image reconstruction algorithm. Unfortunately, this algorithm often requires long computational runtimes and may produce lower quality reconstructions in the presence of model mismatch or improper hyperparameter tuning. AIM We used a data-driven unrolled network as our ToF-DOT inverse solver. The unrolled network is faster than traditional inverse solvers and achieves higher reconstruction quality by accounting for model mismatch. APPROACH Our model "Unrolled-DOT" uses the learned iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm. In addition, we incorporate a refinement U-Net and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) perceptual loss to further increase the reconstruction quality. We trained and tested our model on simulated and real-world data and benchmarked against physics-based and learning-based inverse solvers. RESULTS In experiments on real-world data, Unrolled-DOT outperformed learning-based algorithms and achieved over 10× reduction in runtime and mean-squared error, compared to traditional physics-based solvers. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a learning-based ToF-DOT inverse solver that achieves state-of-the-art performance in speed and reconstruction quality, which can aid in future applications for noninvasive biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Zhao
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ankit Raghuram
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Fay Wang
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York, United States
| | - Stephen Hyunkeol Kim
- Columbia University Irvine Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, United States
- New York University - Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York, United States
| | - Andreas Hielscher
- New York University - Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jacob T. Robinson
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ashok Veeraraghavan
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
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17
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Bonilauri A, Sangiuliano Intra F, Baglio F, Baselli G. Impact of Anatomical Variability on Sensitivity Profile in fNIRS-MRI Integration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2089. [PMID: 36850685 PMCID: PMC9962997 DOI: 10.3390/s23042089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an important non-invasive technique used to monitor cortical activity. However, a varying sensitivity of surface channels vs. cortical structures may suggest integrating the fNIRS with the subject-specific anatomy (SSA) obtained from routine MRI. Actual processing tools permit the computation of the SSA forward problem (i.e., cortex to channel sensitivity) and next, a regularized solution of the inverse problem to map the fNIRS signals onto the cortex. The focus of this study is on the analysis of the forward problem to quantify the effect of inter-subject variability. Thirteen young adults (six males, seven females, age 29.3 ± 4.3) underwent both an MRI scan and a motor grasping task with a continuous wave fNIRS system of 102 measurement channels with optodes placed according to a 10/5 system. The fNIRS sensitivity profile was estimated using Monte Carlo simulations on each SSA and on three major atlases (i.e., Colin27, ICBM152 and FSAverage) for comparison. In each SSA, the average sensitivity curves were obtained by aligning the 102 channels and segmenting them by depth quartiles. The first quartile (depth < 11.8 (0.7) mm, median (IQR)) covered 0.391 (0.087)% of the total sensitivity profile, while the second one (depth < 13.6 (0.7) mm) covered 0.292 (0.009)%, hence indicating that about 70% of the signal was from the gyri. The sensitivity bell-shape was broad in the source-detector direction (20.953 (5.379) mm FWHM, first depth quartile) and steeper in the transversal one (6.082 (2.086) mm). The sensitivity of channels vs. different cortical areas based on SSA were analyzed finding high dispersions among subjects and large differences with atlas-based evaluations. Moreover, the inverse cortical mapping for the grasping task showed differences between SSA and atlas based solutions. In conclusion, integration with MRI SSA can significantly improve fNIRS interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Bonilauri
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Baglio
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, CADITER, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Baselli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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18
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Luckl J, Baker W, Boda K, Emri M, Yodh AG, Greenberg JH. Oxyhemoglobin and Cerebral Blood Flow Transients Detect Infarction in Rat Focal Brain Ischemia. Neuroscience 2023; 509:132-144. [PMID: 36460221 PMCID: PMC9852213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spreading depolarizations (SD) refer to the near-complete depolarization of neurons that is associated with brain injuries such as ischemic stroke. The present gold standard for SD monitoring in humans is invasive electrocorticography (ECoG). A promising non-invasive alternative to ECoG is diffuse optical monitoring of SD-related flow and hemoglobin transients. To investigate the clinical utility of flow and hemoglobin transients, we analyzed their association with infarction in rat focal brain ischemia. Optical images of flow, oxy-hemoglobin, and deoxy-hemoglobin were continuously acquired with Laser Speckle and Optical Intrinsic Signal imaging for 2 h after photochemically induced distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10). Imaging was performed through a 6 × 6 mm window centered 3 mm posterior and 4 mm lateral to Bregma. Rats were sacrificed after 24 h, and the brain slices were stained for assessment of infarction. We mapped the infarcted area onto the imaging data and used nine circular regions of interest (ROI) to distinguish infarcted from non-infarcted tissue. Transients propagating through each ROI were characterized with six parameters (negative, positive, and total amplitude; negative and positive slope; duration). Transients were also classified into three morphology types (positive monophasic, biphasic, negative monophasic). Flow transient morphology, positive amplitude, positive slope, and total amplitude were all strongly associated with infarction (p < 0.001). Associations with infarction were also observed for oxy-hemoglobin morphology, oxy-hemoglobin positive amplitude and slope, and deoxy-hemoglobin positive slope and duration (all p < 0.01). These results suggest that flow and hemoglobin transients accompanying SD have value for detecting infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Luckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wesley Baker
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Krisztina Boda
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklos Emri
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arjun G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Joel H Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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19
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Scholkmann F, Vollenweider FX. Psychedelics and fNIRS neuroimaging: exploring new opportunities. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:013506. [PMID: 36474478 PMCID: PMC9717437 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.013506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this Outlook paper, we explain to the optical neuroimaging community as well as the psychedelic research community the great potential of using optical neuroimaging with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to further explore the changes in brain activity induced by psychedelics. We explain why we believe now is the time to exploit the momentum of the current resurgence of research on the effects of psychedelics and the momentum of the increasing progress and popularity of the fNIRS technique to establish fNIRS in psychedelic research. With this article, we hope to contribute to this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franz X. Vollenweider
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Ortega-Martinez A, Rogers D, Anderson J, Farzam P, Gao Y, Zimmermann B, Yücel MA, Boas DA. How much do time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) moments improve estimation of brain activity over traditional fNIRS? NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:013504. [PMID: 36284602 PMCID: PMC9587749 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.013504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Advances in electronics have allowed the recent development of compact, high channel count time domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) systems. Temporal moment analysis has been proposed for increased brain sensitivity due to the depth selectivity of higher order temporal moments. We propose a general linear model (GLM) incorporating TD moment data and auxiliary physiological measurements, such as short separation channels, to improve the recovery of the HRF. AIMS We compare the performance of previously reported multi-distance TD moment techniques to commonly used techniques for continuous wave (CW) fNIRS hemodynamic response function (HRF) recovery, namely block averaging and CW GLM. Additionally, we compare the multi-distance TD moment technique to TD moment GLM. APPROACH We augmented resting TD-fNIRS moment data (six subjects) with known synthetic HRFs. We then employed block averaging and GLM techniques with "short-separation regression" designed both for CW and TD to recover the HRFs. We calculated the root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation of the recovered HRF to the ground truth. We compared the performance of equivalent CW and TD techniques with paired t-tests. RESULTS We found that, on average, TD moment HRF recovery improves correlations by 98% and 48% for HbO and HbR respectively, over CW GLM. The improvement on the correlation for TD GLM over TD moment is 12% (HbO) and 27% (HbR). RMSE decreases 56% and 52% (HbO and HbR) for TD moment compared to CW GLM. We found no statistically significant improvement in the RMSE for TD GLM compared to TD moment. CONCLUSIONS Properly covariance-scaled TD moment techniques outperform their CW equivalents in both RMSE and correlation in the recovery of the synthetic HRFs. Furthermore, our proposed TD GLM based on moments outperforms regular TD moment analysis, while allowing the incorporation of auxiliary measurements of the confounding physiological signals from the scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - De’Ja Rogers
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessica Anderson
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Parya Farzam
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bernhard Zimmermann
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Meryem A. Yücel
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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21
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Zhou W, Zhao M, Srinivasan VJ. Interferometric diffuse optics: recent advances and future outlook. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:013502. [PMID: 36284601 PMCID: PMC9587754 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.013502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The field of diffuse optics has provided a rich set of neurophotonic tools to measure the human brain noninvasively. Interferometric detection is a recent, exciting methodological development in this field. The approach is especially promising for the measurement of diffuse fluctuation signals related to blood flow. Benefitting from inexpensive sensor arrays, the interferometric approach has already dramatically improved throughput, enabling the measurement of brain blood flow faster and deeper. The interferometric approach can also achieve time-of-flight resolution, improving the accuracy of acquired signals. We provide a historical perspective and summary of recent work in the nascent area of interferometric diffuse optics. We predict that the convergence of interferometric technology with existing economies of scale will propel many advances in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhou
- China Jiliang University, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, United States
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, New York, United States
- New York University Langone Health, Tech4Health Institute, New York, New York, United States
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22
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Liu D, Jia M, Gao F. Tikhonov regularization-based extended Kalman filter technique for robust and accurate reconstruction in diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:10-20. [PMID: 36607070 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.476795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a non-invasive imaging modality that uses near-infrared light to probe the optical properties of tissue. In conventionally used deterministic methods for DOT inversion, the measurement errors were not taken into account, resulting in unsatisfactory noise robustness and, consequently, affecting the DOT image reconstruction quality. In order to overcome this defect, an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based DOT reconstruction algorithm was introduced first, which improved the reconstruction results by incorporating a priori information and measurement errors to the model. Further, to mitigate the instability caused by the ill-condition of the observation matrix in the tomographic imaging problem, a new, to the best of our knowledge, estimation algorithm was derived by incorporating Tikhonov regularization to the EKF method. To verify the effectiveness of the EKF algorithm and Tikhonov regularization-based EKF algorithm for DOT imaging, a series of numerical simulations and phantom experiments were conducted, and the experimental results were quantitatively evaluated and compared with two conventionally used deterministic methods involving the algebraic reconstruction technique and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The results show that the two EKF-based algorithms can accurately estimate the location and size of the target, and the imaging accuracy and noise robustness are obviously improved. Furthermore, the Tikhonov regularization-based EKF obtained optimal parameter estimations, especially under the circumstance of low absorption contrast (1.2) and high noise level (10%).
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23
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Konovalov AB, Vlasov VV, Samarin SI, Soloviev ID, Savitsky AP, Tuchin VV. Reconstruction of fluorophore absorption and fluorescence lifetime using early photon mesoscopic fluorescence molecular tomography: a phantom study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:126001. [PMID: 36519075 PMCID: PMC9743783 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.12.126001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fluorescence molecular lifetime tomography (FMLT) plays an increasingly important role in experimental oncology. The article presents and experimentally verifies an original method of mesoscopic time domain FMLT, based on an asymptotic approximation to the fluorescence source function, which is valid for early arriving photons. AIM The aim was to justify the efficiency of the method by experimental scanning and reconstruction of a phantom with a fluorophore. The experimental facility included the TCSPC system, the pulsed supercontinuum Fianium laser, and a three-channel fiber probe. Phantom scanning was done in mesoscopic regime for three-dimensional (3D) reflectance geometry. APPROACH The sensitivity functions were simulated with a Monte Carlo method. A compressed-sensing-like reconstruction algorithm was used to solve the inverse problem for the fluorescence parameter distribution function, which included the fluorophore absorption coefficient and fluorescence lifetime distributions. The distributions were separated directly in the time domain with the QR-factorization least square method. RESULTS 3D tomograms of fluorescence parameters were obtained and analyzed using two strategies for the formation of measurement data arrays and sensitivity matrices. An algorithm is developed for the flexible choice of optimal strategy in view of attaining better reconstruction quality. Variants on how to improve the method are proposed, specifically, through stepped extraction and further use of a posteriori information about the object. CONCLUSIONS Even if measurement data are limited, the proposed method is capable of giving adequate reconstructions but their quality depends on available a priori (or a posteriori) information. Further research aims to improve the method by implementing the variants proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Konovalov
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics,” Snezhinsk, Russia
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Vlasov
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics,” Snezhinsk, Russia
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei I. Samarin
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics,” Snezhinsk, Russia
| | - Ilya D. Soloviev
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander P. Savitsky
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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24
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Zhang N, Zhang Q, Nurmikko A. Sub-mm resolution tomographic imaging in turbid media by an ultra-high density multichannel approach. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5926-5936. [PMID: 36733739 PMCID: PMC9872878 DOI: 10.1364/boe.470724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an ultra-high-density source-detector (SD) diffuse optical tomography system scalable to thousands of combinatorial SD pairs per cm3 of total voxel volume. We demonstrate the imaging of dynamic targets (including phantom arteries) with 100 um resolution at over 10 Hz frame rate within turbid media (> 60 MFP). Further, as a step toward a wearable mobile imager, we introduce monolithic mm-size dense semiconductor laser array chips as sources for potential unobtrusive epidermal tomographic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Quan Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Arto Nurmikko
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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25
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Wang Z, Yang T, Cheng Q, Kong D, Gong C, Liu W. Short-wave infrared computed tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32051-32060. [PMID: 36242274 DOI: 10.1364/oe.467437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a short-wave infrared computed tomography method. It uses a fiber-coupled 1.44µm super-luminescent diode as light source, a PbSe photodiode as infrared detector, and an electronically controlled rotation and translation stage for high-speed Radon scanning. It is a safe and low power nondestructive testing method that can be used for the detection of plastic polymers, biological tissue and other materials that visible light cannot penetrate. We analyze the theoretical resolution of the method and build a short-wave infrared computed tomography system, which realizes the tomography and 3D reconstruction of black plastic bottles and artificial blood vessels. The measured resolution reaches10µm.
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26
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Taylor-Williams M, Spicer G, Bale G, Bohndiek SE. Noninvasive hemoglobin sensing and imaging: optical tools for disease diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220074VR. [PMID: 35922891 PMCID: PMC9346606 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Measurement and imaging of hemoglobin oxygenation are used extensively in the detection and diagnosis of disease; however, the applied instruments vary widely in their depth of imaging, spatiotemporal resolution, sensitivity, accuracy, complexity, physical size, and cost. The wide variation in available instrumentation can make it challenging for end users to select the appropriate tools for their application and to understand the relative limitations of different methods. AIM We aim to provide a systematic overview of the field of hemoglobin imaging and sensing. APPROACH We reviewed the sensing and imaging methods used to analyze hemoglobin oxygenation, including pulse oximetry, spectral reflectance imaging, diffuse optical imaging, spectroscopic optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic imaging, and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. RESULTS We compared and contrasted the ability of different methods to determine hemoglobin biomarkers such as oxygenation while considering factors that influence their practical application. CONCLUSIONS We highlight key limitations in the current state-of-the-art and make suggestions for routes to advance the clinical use and interpretation of hemoglobin oxygenation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Taylor-Williams
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Spicer
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Bale
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Electrical Division, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
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27
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Khan AF, Zhang F, Shou G, Yuan H, Ding L. Transient brain-wide coactivations and structured transitions revealed in hemodynamic imaging data. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119460. [PMID: 35868615 PMCID: PMC9472706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-wide patterns in resting human brains, as either structured functional connectivity (FC) or recurring brain states, have been widely studied in the neuroimaging literature. In particular, resting-state FCs estimated over windowed timeframe neuroimaging data from sub-minutes to minutes using correlation or blind source separation techniques have reported many brain-wide patterns of significant behavioral and disease correlates. The present pilot study utilized a novel whole-head cap-based high-density diffuse optical tomography (DOT) technology, together with data-driven analysis methods, to investigate recurring transient brain-wide patterns in spontaneous fluctuations of hemodynamic signals at the resolution of single timeframes from thirteen healthy adults in resting conditions. Our results report that a small number, i.e., six, of brain-wide coactivation patterns (CAPs) describe major spatiotemporal dynamics of spontaneous hemodynamic signals recorded by DOT. These CAPs represent recurring brain states, showing spatial topographies of hemispheric symmetry, and exhibit highly anticorrelated pairs. Moreover, a structured transition pattern among the six brain states is identified, where two CAPs with anterior-posterior spatial patterns are significantly involved in transitions among all brain states. Our results further elucidate two brain states of global positive and negative patterns, indicating transient neuronal coactivations and co-deactivations, respectively, over the entire cortex. We demonstrate that these two brain states are responsible for the generation of a subset of peaks and troughs in global signals (GS), supporting the recent reports on neuronal relevance of hemodynamic GS. Collectively, our results suggest that transient neuronal events (i.e., CAPs), global brain activity, and brain-wide structured transitions co-exist in humans and these phenomena are closely related, which extend the observations of similar neuronal events recently reported in animal hemodynamic data. Future studies on the quantitative relationship among these transient events and their relationships to windowed FCs along with larger sample size are needed to understand their changes with behaviors and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fahim Khan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 W. Boyd St. DEH room 150, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 W. Boyd St. DEH room 150, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Guofa Shou
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 W. Boyd St. DEH room 150, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Han Yuan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 W. Boyd St. DEH room 150, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 W. Boyd St. DEH room 150, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA.
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28
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Optical Property Measurement and Temperature Monitoring in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy by Diffuse Optical Tomography: A Correlation Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we propose a new approach utilizing diffuse optical tomography (DOT) to monitoring the changes in tissues’ optical properties and temperature in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. By correlating the tissue reduced scattering coefficient (μs’) reconstructed by DOT and the temperature measured by a thermocouple, the quantitative relationship between μs’ and temperature in HIFU treatment was explored. The experiments were conducted using porcine and chicken breast muscle tissues during HIFU; the temperature of each tissue sample was recorded using a thermocouple. To incorporate the temperature dependency of tissue optical properties, both polynomial and exponential models were utilized to fit the experimental data. The results show that the change of μs’ during HIFU treatment could be detected in real-time using DOT and that this change of μs’ is quantitatively correlated with tissue temperature. Furthermore, while the tissue-type-dependent relationship between μs’ and temperature is non-linear in nature, it is stable and repeatable. Therefore, our approach has the potential to be used to predict temperature of tissue during HIFU treatment.
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29
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Dimensional label learning contributes to the development of executive functions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11008. [PMID: 35773365 PMCID: PMC9246947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key to understanding how the brain develops is to understand how learning can change brain function. One index of learning that takes place in early childhood involves the comprehension and production of labels describing the shape and color features of objects, a process known as dimensional label learning (DLL). DLL requires integrating auditory and visual stimuli to form a system of mappings that link label representations (e.g. “red” and “color”) and visual feature representations (e.g. “red” and the hue red). Children gain expertise with these labels between the ages of 2 and 5 years, and at the same time they begin to demonstrate skills in using labels to guide cognitive function in other domains. For example, one of the hallmark measures of executive function development requires children to use verbally instructed rules to guide attention to visual dimensions. The broader impact of DLL, however, has not yet been explored. Here, we examine how the neural processes associated with the comprehension and production of labels for visual features predicts later performance on executive function tasks. Specifically, we show that left frontal cortex is activated during comprehension and production tasks at 33 months of age. Moreover, we find that neural activation in this region during label production at 33 months is associated with dimensional attention, but not spatial selective attention, at 45 months. These results shed new light on the role of label learning in developmental changes in brain and behavior. Moreover, these data suggest that dimensional label learning generalizes beyond the learned information to influence other aspects of cognition. We anticipate that these results may serve as a starting point for future work to implement label training as an intervention to influence later cognition.
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30
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Hirano D, Kimura N, Yano H, Enoki M, Aikawa M, Goto Y, Taniguchi T. Different brain activation patterns in the prefrontal area between self-paced and high-speed driving tasks. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100295. [PMID: 35103406 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on prefrontal cortex brain activity when participants attempted to stop a car accurately at a stop line when driving at different speeds using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty healthy subjects with driving experience drove their own cars for a distance of 60 m five times each at their own pace or as fast as possible. The variation in the distance between the stop line and the car was not significantly different between the self-paced and high-speed tasks. However, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the prefrontal cortex was significantly higher in the high-speed task than in the self-paced task. These findings suggest that driving at high speed requires more divided attention than driving at self-paced speed, even though the participants were able to stop the car at the same distance from the target. This study shows the advantages and usefulness of fNIRS .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hirano
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Kimura
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hana Yano
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miku Enoki
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Shioya Hospital, Yaita, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Maya Aikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Shioya Hospital, Yaita, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Goto
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
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31
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Paul R, Murali K, Chetia S, Varma HM. A simple algorithm for diffuse optical tomography without Jacobian inversion. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35447616 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A computationally simpler algorithm to reconstruct the optical property distribution of turbid media using diffuse optical tomographic principles is presented. The proposed algorithm eliminates the requirement of large Jacobian matrix inversion which otherwise is essential for tomographic imaging. The most significant Jacobians are identified based on proper thresholding of the measurement and the intersection of these Jacobians gives the approximate spatial location of the inhomogeneity. The algorithm is tested and optimized using simulations and further validated using tissue-mimicking phantom-based experiments andin-vivosmall-animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Paul
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai-400076, India
| | - K Murali
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Sumana Chetia
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Hari M Varma
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai-400076, India
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32
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Mozumder M, Hauptmann A, Nissila I, Arridge SR, Tarvainen T. A Model-Based Iterative Learning Approach for Diffuse Optical Tomography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:1289-1299. [PMID: 34914584 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3136461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) utilises near-infrared light for imaging spatially distributed optical parameters, typically the absorption and scattering coefficients. The image reconstruction problem of DOT is an ill-posed inverse problem, due to the non-linear light propagation in tissues and limited boundary measurements. The ill-posedness means that the image reconstruction is sensitive to measurement and modelling errors. The Bayesian approach for the inverse problem of DOT offers the possibility of incorporating prior information about the unknowns, rendering the problem less ill-posed. It also allows marginalisation of modelling errors utilising the so-called Bayesian approximation error method. A more recent trend in image reconstruction techniques is the use of deep learning, which has shown promising results in various applications from image processing to tomographic reconstructions. In this work, we study the non-linear DOT inverse problem of estimating the (absolute) absorption and scattering coefficients utilising a 'model-based' learning approach, essentially intertwining learned components with the model equations of DOT. The proposed approach was validated with 2D simulations and 3D experimental data. We demonstrated improved absorption and scattering estimates for targets with a mix of smooth and sharp image features, implying that the proposed approach could learn image features that are difficult to model using standard Gaussian priors. Furthermore, it was shown that the approach can be utilised in compensating for modelling errors due to coarse discretisation enabling computationally efficient solutions. Overall, the approach provided improved computation times compared to a standard Gauss-Newton iteration.
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33
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Advances in Neuroimaging and Monitoring to Defend Cerebral Perfusion in Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology 2022; 136:1015-1038. [PMID: 35482943 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noncardiac surgery conveys a substantial risk of secondary organ dysfunction and injury. Neurocognitive dysfunction and covert stroke are emerging as major forms of perioperative organ dysfunction, but a better understanding of perioperative neurobiology is required to identify effective treatment strategies. The likelihood and severity of perioperative brain injury may be increased by intraoperative hemodynamic dysfunction, tissue hypoperfusion, and a failure to recognize complications early in their development. Advances in neuroimaging and monitoring techniques, including optical, sonographic, and magnetic resonance, have progressed beyond structural imaging and now enable noninvasive assessment of cerebral perfusion, vascular reserve, metabolism, and neurologic function at the bedside. Translation of these imaging methods into the perioperative setting has highlighted several potential avenues to optimize tissue perfusion and deliver neuroprotection. This review introduces the methods, metrics, and evidence underlying emerging optical and magnetic resonance neuroimaging methods and discusses their potential experimental and clinical utility in the setting of noncardiac surgery.
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34
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Okazaki K, Fukushima H, Nakauchi D, Okada G, Onoda D, Kato T, Kawaguchi N, Yanagida T. Luminescence and dose-rate response properties of Pr-doped Bi4Ge3O12 scintillators. RADIAT MEAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2022.106773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Maciá E. Aperiodic crystals in biology. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:123001. [PMID: 34920447 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems display a broad palette of hierarchically ordered designs spanning over many orders of magnitude in size. Remarkably enough, periodic order, which profusely shows up in non-living ordered compounds, plays a quite subsidiary role in most biological structures, which can be appropriately described in terms of the more general aperiodic crystal notion instead. In this topical review I shall illustrate this issue by considering several representative examples, including botanical phyllotaxis, the geometry of cell patterns in tissues, the morphology of sea urchins, or the symmetry principles underlying virus architectures. In doing so, we will realize that albeit the currently adopted quasicrystal notion is not general enough to properly account for the rich structural features one usually finds in biological arrangements of matter, several mathematical tools and fundamental notions belonging to the aperiodic crystals science toolkit can provide a useful modeling framework to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Maciá
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Facultad CC. Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Spain
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36
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Vanegas M, Mireles M, Fang Q. MOCA: a systematic toolbox for designing and assessing modular functional near-infrared brain imaging probes. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:017801. [PMID: 36278785 PMCID: PMC8823693 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.1.017801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The expansion of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) systems toward broader utilities has led to the emergence of modular fNIRS systems composed of repeating optical source/detector modules. Compared to conventional fNIRS systems, modular fNIRS systems are more compact and flexible, making wearable and long-term monitoring possible. However, the large number of design parameters makes understanding their impact on a probe's performance a daunting task. AIM We aim to create a systematic software platform to facilitate the design, characterization, and comparison of modular fNIRS probes. APPROACH Our software-modular optode configuration analyzer (MOCA)-implements semi-automatic algorithms that assist in tessellating user-specified regions-of-interest, in interconnecting modules of various shapes, and in quantitatively comparing probe performance using metrics, such as spatial channel distributions and average brain sensitivity of the resulting probes. There is also support for limited parameter sweeping capabilities. RESULTS Through several examples, we show that users can use MOCA to design and optimize modular fNIRS probes, study trade-offs between several module shapes, improve brain sensitivity in probes via module re-orientation, and enhance probe performance via adjusting module spatial layouts. CONCLUSION Despite its simplicity, our modular probe design platform offers a framework to describe and quantitatively assess probes made by modules, opening a new door for the growing fNIRS user community to approach the challenging problem of module- and probe-parameter selection and fine-tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Vanegas
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Miguel Mireles
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Qianqian Fang,
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37
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Khan AF, Zhang F, Yuan H, Ding L. Brain-Wide Diffuse Optical Tomography Based on Cap-Based, Whole-Head fNIRS Recording. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:3609-3612. [PMID: 34892019 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT), based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy, is a portable, low-cost, noninvasive functional neuroimaging technology for studying the human brain in normal and diseased conditions. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a cap-based brain-wide DOT (BW-DOT) framework in mapping brain-wide networked activities. We first analyzed point-spread-function (PSF)-based metrics on a realistic head geometry. Our simulation results indicated that these metrics of the optode cap varied across the brain and were of lower quality in brain areas deep or away from the optodes. We further reconstructed brain-wide resting-state networks using experimental data from healthy participants, which resembled the template networks established in the fMRI literature. The preliminary results of the present study highlight the importance of evaluating PSF-based metrics on realistic head geometries for DOT and suggest that BW-DOT technology is a promising functional neuroimaging tool for studying brain-wide neural activities and large-scale neural networks, which was not available by patch-based DOT. A full-scope evaluation and validation in more realistic head models and more participants are needed in the future to establish the findings of the present study further.Clinical relevance- Via simulations and experimental evaluation, this work establishes a novel framework to image large-scale brain networks, which benefits the patient population, such as bedridden patients, infants, etc., who otherwise cannot undergo conventional brain monitoring modalities like fMRI and PET.
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38
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Fan W, Dehghani H, Eggebrecht AT. Investigation of effect of modulation frequency on high-density diffuse optical tomography image quality. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:045002. [PMID: 34849379 PMCID: PMC8612746 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.4.045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Significance: By incorporating multiple overlapping functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements, high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) images human brain function with fidelity comparable to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Previous work has shown that frequency domain high-density diffuse optical tomography (FD-HD-DOT) may further improve image quality over more traditional continuous wave (CW) HD-DOT. Aim: The effects of modulation frequency on image quality as obtainable with FD-HD-DOT is investigated through simulations with a realistic noise model of functional activations in human head models, arising from 11 source modulation frequencies between CW and 1000 MHz. Approach: Simulations were performed using five representative head models with an HD regular grid of 158 light sources and 166 detectors and an empirically derived noise model. Functional reconstructions were quantitatively assessed with multiple image quality metrics including the localization error (LE), success rate, full width at half maximum, and full volume at half maximum (FVHM). All metrics were evaluated against CW-based models. Results: Compared to CW, localization accuracy is improved by >40% throughout brain depths of 13 to 25 mm below the surface with 300 to 500 MHz modulation frequencies. Additionally, the reliable field of view in brain tissue is enlarged by 35% to 48% within an optimal frequency of 300 MHz after considering realistic noise, depending on the dynamic range of the system. Conclusions: These results point to the tremendous opportunities in further development of high bandwidth FD-HD-DOT system hardware for applications in human brain mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Fan
- Washington University, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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39
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Liu D, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Bai L, Gao F. Suppressing physiological interferences and physical noises in functional diffuse optical tomography via tandem inversion filtering and LSTM classification. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:29275-29291. [PMID: 34615040 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For performance enhancement of functional diffuse optical tomography (fDOT), we propose a tandem method that takes advantage of the inversion filtering and the long short term memory (LSTM) classification to simultaneously suppress the physiological interferences and physical noises in fDOT. In the former phase, the absorption perturbation maps over the scalp-skull (SS) and cerebral-cortex (CC) layers are firstly pre-reconstructed using a two-layer topography scheme. Then, the recovered SS-map is inversed into measurement space by the forward calculation to estimate the intensity changes associated with the physiological interferences. Finally, the raw measurements are adaptively filtered with reference to the estimated intensity changes for accomplishing the model-based full three-dimension (3D) reconstruction. In the later phase, for further removing the randomly distributed physical noises, mainly instrumental noise, a LSTM network based fusion strategy is applied, where a pixel-wise binary mask of "activated" or "inactive" state is generated by performing LSTM classification and then fused with the 3D reconstruction. The results of the simulative investigation and in-vivo experiment show the proposed tandem scheme achieves improved performance in fDOT using a cost-effective and physically explicable way. Thus, the proposed method can be promisingly applied in real-time neuroimaging to acquire cortical neural activation information with improved reliability, quantification and resolution.
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40
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Bunke J, Merdasa A, Sheikh R, Albinsson J, Erlöv T, Gesslein B, Cinthio M, Reistad N, Malmsjö M. Photoacoustic imaging for the monitoring of local changes in oxygen saturation following an adrenaline injection in human forearm skin. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4084-4096. [PMID: 34457400 PMCID: PMC8367244 DOI: 10.1364/boe.423876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Clinical monitoring of blood oxygen saturation (sO2) is traditionally performed using optical techniques, such as pulse oximetry and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), which lack spatial resolution. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly developing biomedical imaging technique that is superior to previous techniques in that it combines optical excitation and acoustic detection, providing a map of chromophore distribution in the tissue. Hitherto, PAI has primarily been used in preclinical studies, and only a few studies have been performed in patients. Its ability to measure sO2 with spatial resolution during local vasoconstriction after adrenaline injection has not yet been investigated. Using PAI and spectral unmixing we characterize the heterogeneous change in sO2 after injecting a local anesthetic containing adrenaline into the dermis on the forearm of seven healthy subjects. In comparison to results obtained using DRS, we highlight contrasting results obtained between the two methods arising due to the so-called 'window effect' caused by a reduced blood flow in the superficial vascular plexus. The results demonstrate the importance of spatially resolving sO2 and the ability of PAI to assess the tissue composition in different layers of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Bunke
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Rafi Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - John Albinsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Erlöv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Bodil Gesslein
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Zhao Y, Raghuram A, Kim HK, Hielscher AH, Robinson JT, Veeraraghavan A. High Resolution, Deep Imaging Using Confocal Time-of-Flight Diffuse Optical Tomography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2021; 43:2206-2219. [PMID: 33891548 PMCID: PMC8270678 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.2021.3075366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering by tissue severely limits how deep beneath the surface one can image, and the spatial resolution one can obtain from these images. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is one of the most powerful techniques for imaging deep within tissue - well beyond the conventional ∼ 10-15 mean scattering lengths tolerated by ballistic imaging techniques such as confocal and two-photon microscopy. Unfortunately, existing DOT systems are limited, achieving only centimeter-scale resolution. Furthermore, they suffer from slow acquisition times and slow reconstruction speeds making real-time imaging infeasible. We show that time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography (ToF-DOT) and its confocal variant (CToF-DOT), by exploiting the photon travel time information, allow us to achieve millimeter spatial resolution in the highly scattered diffusion regime ( mean free paths). In addition, we demonstrate two additional innovations: focusing on confocal measurements, and multiplexing the illumination sources allow us to significantly reduce the measurement acquisition time. Finally, we rely on a novel convolutional approximation that allows us to develop a fast reconstruction algorithm, achieving a 100× speedup in reconstruction time compared to traditional DOT reconstruction techniques. Together, we believe that these technical advances serve as the first step towards real-time, millimeter resolution, deep tissue imaging using DOT.
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Zhang F, Cheong D, Khan AF, Chen Y, Ding L, Yuan H. Correcting physiological noise in whole-head functional near-infrared spectroscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 360:109262. [PMID: 34146592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been increasingly employed to monitor cerebral hemodynamics in normal and diseased conditions. However, fNIRS suffers from its susceptibility to superficial activity and systemic physiological noise. The objective of the study was to establish a noise reduction method for fNIRS in a whole-head montage. NEW METHOD We have developed an automated denoising method for whole-head fNIRS. A high-density montage consisting of 109 long-separation channels and 8 short-separation channels was used for recording. Auxiliary sensors were also used to measure motion, respiration and pulse simultaneously. The method incorporates principal component analysis and general linear model to identify and remove a globally uniform superficial component. Our denoising method was evaluated in experimental data acquired from a group of healthy human subjects during a visually cued motor task and further compared with a minimal preprocessing method and three established denoising methods in the literature. Quantitative metrics including contrast-to-noise ratio, within-subject standard deviation and adjusted coefficient of determination were evaluated. RESULTS After denoising, whole-head topography of fNIRS revealed focal activations concurrently in the primary motor and visual areas. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Analysis showed that our method improves upon the four established preprocessing methods in the literature. CONCLUSIONS An automatic, effective and robust preprocessing pipeline was established for removing physiological noise in whole-head fNIRS recordings. Our method can enable fNIRS as a reliable tool in monitoring large-scale, network-level brain activities for clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Daniel Cheong
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Ali F Khan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Han Yuan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
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Fu X, Richards JE. Age-related changes in diffuse optical tomography sensitivity profiles in infancy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252036. [PMID: 34101747 PMCID: PMC8186805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography uses near-infrared light spectroscopy to measure changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentration. Anatomical interpretations of the location that generates the hemodynamic signal requires accurate descriptions of diffuse optical tomography sensitivity to the underlying cortical structures. Such information is limited for pediatric populations because they undergo rapid head and brain development. The present study used photon propagation simulation methods to examine diffuse optical tomography sensitivity profiles in realistic head models among infants ranging from 2 weeks to 24 months with narrow age bins, children (4 and 12 years) and adults (20 to 24 years). The sensitivity profiles changed systematically with the source-detector separation distance. The peak of the sensitivity function in the head was largest at the smallest separation distance and decreased as separation distance increased. The fluence value dissipated more quickly with sampling depth at the shorter source-detector separations than the longer separation distances. There were age-related differences in the shape and variance of sensitivity profiles across a wide range of source-detector separation distances. Our findings have important implications in the design of sensor placement and diffuse optical tomography image reconstruction in (functional) near-infrared light spectroscopy research. Age-appropriate realistic head models should be used to provide anatomical guidance for standalone near-infrared light spectroscopy data in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fu
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States of America
| | - John E. Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States of America
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von Lühmann A, Zheng Y, Ortega-Martinez A, Kiran S, Somers DC, Cronin-Golomb A, Awad LN, Ellis TD, Boas DA, Yücel MA. Towards Neuroscience of the Everyday World (NEW) using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 18:100272. [PMID: 33709044 PMCID: PMC7943029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) assesses human brain activity by noninvasively measuring changes of cerebral hemoglobin concentrations caused by modulation of neuronal activity. Recent progress in signal processing and advances in system design, such as miniaturization, wearability and system sensitivity, have strengthened fNIRS as a viable and cost-effective complement to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), expanding the repertoire of experimental studies that can be performed by the neuroscience community. The availability of fNIRS and Electroencephalography (EEG) for routine, increasingly unconstrained, and mobile brain imaging is leading towards a new domain that we term "Neuroscience of the Everyday World" (NEW). In this light, we review recent advances in hardware, study design and signal processing, and discuss challenges and future directions towards achieving NEW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Lühmann
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- NIRx Medical Technologies, Berlin 13355, Germany
| | - Yilei Zheng
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | - Swathi Kiran
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David C. Somers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Louis N. Awad
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Terry D. Ellis
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David A. Boas
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Meryem A. Yücel
- Neurophotonics Center, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Khan AF, Zhang F, Yuan H, Ding L. Brain-wide functional diffuse optical tomography of resting state networks. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33946052 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abfdf9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has the potential in reconstructing resting state networks (RSNs) in human brains with high spatio-temporal resolutions and multiple contrasts. While several RSNs have been reported and successfully reconstructed using DOT, its full potential in recovering a collective set of distributed brain-wide networks with the number of RSNs close to those reported using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has not been demonstrated.Approach.The present study developed a novel brain-wide DOT (BW-DOT) framework that integrates a cap-based whole-head optode placement system with multiple computational approaches, i.e. finite-element modeling, inverse source reconstruction, data-driven pattern recognition, and statistical correlation tomography, to reconstruct RSNs in dual contrasts of oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobins (HbR).Main results.Our results from the proposed framework revealed a comprehensive set of RSNs and their subnetworks, which collectively cover almost the entire neocortical surface of the human brain, both at the group level and individual participants. The spatial patterns of these DOT RSNs suggest statistically significant similarities to fMRI RSN templates. Our results also reported the networks involving the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus that had been missed in previous DOT studies. Furthermore, RSNs obtained from HbO and HbR suggest similarity in terms of both the number of RSN types reconstructed and their corresponding spatial patterns, while HbR RSNs show statistically more similarity to fMRI RSN templates and HbO RSNs indicate more bilateral patterns over two hemispheres. In addition, the BW-DOT framework allowed consistent reconstructions of RSNs across individuals and across recording sessions, indicating its high robustness and reproducibility, respectively.Significance.Our present results suggest the feasibility of using the BW-DOT, as a neuroimaging tool, in simultaneously mapping multiple RSNs and its potential values in studying RSNs, particularly in patient populations under diverse conditions and needs, due to its advantages in accessibility over fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali F Khan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Fan Zhang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Han Yuan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Lei Ding
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
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Vidal-Rosas EE, Zhao H, Nixon-Hill RW, Smith G, Dunne L, Powell S, Cooper RJ, Everdell NL. Evaluating a new generation of wearable high-density diffuse optical tomography technology via retinotopic mapping of the adult visual cortex. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:025002. [PMID: 33842667 PMCID: PMC8033536 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: High-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) has been shown to approach the resolution and localization accuracy of blood oxygen level dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging in the adult brain by exploiting densely spaced, overlapping samples of the probed tissue volume, but the technique has to date required large and cumbersome optical fiber arrays. Aim: To evaluate a wearable HD-DOT system that provides a comparable sampling density to large, fiber-based HD-DOT systems, but with vastly improved ergonomics. Approach: We investigated the performance of this system by replicating a series of classic visual stimulation paradigms, carried out in one highly sampled participant during 15 sessions to assess imaging performance and repeatability. Results: Hemodynamic response functions and cortical activation maps replicate the results obtained with larger fiber-based systems. Our results demonstrate focal activations in both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin with a high degree of repeatability observed across all sessions. A comparison with a simulated low-density array explicitly demonstrates the improvements in spatial localization, resolution, repeatability, and image contrast that can be obtained with this high-density technology. Conclusions: The system offers the possibility for minimally constrained, spatially resolved functional imaging of the human brain in almost any environment and holds particular promise in enabling neuroscience applications outside of the laboratory setting. It also opens up new opportunities to investigate populations unsuited to traditional imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto E. Vidal-Rosas
- University College London, Diffuse Optical Tomography of the Human Brain Research Group, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Ernesto E. Vidal-Rosas,
| | - Hubin Zhao
- University College London, Diffuse Optical Tomography of the Human Brain Research Group, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
- University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben W. Nixon-Hill
- Imperial College London, Department of Mathematics, London, United Kingdom
- Gowerlabs Ltd., London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Samuel Powell
- Gowerlabs Ltd., London, United Kingdom
- Nottingham University, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- University College London, Diffuse Optical Tomography of the Human Brain Research Group, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas L. Everdell
- University College London, Diffuse Optical Tomography of the Human Brain Research Group, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
- Gowerlabs Ltd., London, United Kingdom
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Forbes SH, Wijeakumar S, Eggebrecht AT, Magnotta VA, Spencer JP. Processing pipeline for image reconstructed fNIRS analysis using both MRI templates and individual anatomy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:025010. [PMID: 35106319 PMCID: PMC8786393 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Image reconstruction of fNIRS data is a useful technique for transforming channel-based fNIRS into a volumetric representation and managing spatial variance based on optode location. We present an innovative integrated pipeline for image reconstruction of fNIRS data using either MRI templates or individual anatomy. Aim: We demonstrate a pipeline with accompanying code to allow users to clean and prepare optode location information, prepare and standardize individual anatomical images, create the light model, run the 3D image reconstruction, and analyze data in group space. Approach: We synthesize a combination of new and existing software packages to create a complete pipeline, from raw data to analysis. Results: This pipeline has been tested using both templates and individual anatomy, and on data from different fNIRS data collection systems. We show high temporal correlations between channel-based and image-based fNIRS data. In addition, we demonstrate the reliability of this pipeline with a sample dataset that included 74 children as part of a longitudinal study taking place in Scotland. We demonstrate good correspondence between data in channel space and image reconstructed data. Conclusions: The pipeline presented here makes a unique contribution by integrating multiple tools to assemble a complete pipeline for image reconstruction in fNIRS. We highlight further issues that may be of interest to future software developers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Forbes
- University of East Anglia, School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Washington University, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri, United States
| | | | - John P. Spencer
- University of East Anglia, School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, Norwich, United Kingdom
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White BR, Padawer-Curry JA, Ko T, Baker W, Breimann J, Cohen AS, Licht DJ, Yodh AG. Wavelength censoring for spectroscopy in optical functional neuroimaging. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:065026. [PMID: 33326946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical neuromonitoring provides insight into neurovascular physiology and brain structure and function. These methods rely on spectroscopy to relate light absorption changes to variation of concentrations of physiologic chromophores such as oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. In clinical or preclinical practice, data quality can vary significantly across wavelengths. In such situations, standard spectroscopic methods may perform poorly, resulting in data loss and limiting field-of-view. To address this issue, and thereby improve the robustness of optical neuromonitoring, we develop, in this manuscript, novel methods to perform spectroscopy even when data quality exhibits wavelength-dependent spatial variation. We sought to understand the impact of spatial, wavelength-based censoring on the physiologic accuracy and utility of hemoglobin spectroscopy. The principles of our analysis are quite general, but to make the methodology tangible we focused on optical intrinsic signal imaging of resting-state functional connectivity in mice. Starting with spectroscopy using four sources, all possible subset spectroscopy matrices were assessed theoretically, using simulated data, and using experimental data. These results were compared against the use of the full spectroscopy matrix to determine which subsets yielded robust results. Our results demonstrated that accurate calculation of changes in hemoglobin concentrations and the resulting functional connectivity network maps was possible even with censoring of some wavelengths. Additionally, we found that the use of changes in total hemoglobin (rather than oxy- or deoxyhemoglobin) yielded results more robust to experimental noise and allowed for the preservation of more data. This new and rigorous image processing method should improve the fidelity of clinical and preclinical functional neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R White
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Pediatric Cardiology-8NW, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Ko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wesley Baker
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jake Breimann
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Akiva S Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Abramson Research Center, Room 816-H, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Licht
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arjun G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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Hernandez-Martin E, Gonzalez-Mora JL. Diffuse optical tomography in the human brain: A briefly review from the neurophysiology to its applications. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2020.9050014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the use of noninvasive diffuse optical tomography (DOT) technology to measure hemodynamic changes, providing relevant information which helps to understand the basis of neurophysiology in the human brain. Advantages such as portability, direct measurements of hemoglobin state, temporal resolution, non‐restricted movements as occurs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices mean that DOT technology can be used in research and clinical fields. In this review we covered the neurophysiology, physical principles underlying optical imaging during tissue‐light interactions, and technology commonly used during the construction of a DOT device including the source‐detector requirements to improve the image quality. DOT provides 3D cerebral activation images due to complex mathematical models which describe the light propagation inside the tissue head. Moreover, we describe briefly the use of Bayesian methods for raw DOT data filtering as an alternative to linear filters widely used in signal processing, avoiding common problems such as the filter selection or a false interpretation of the results which is sometimes due to the interference of background physiological noise with neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Hernandez-Martin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Medicine Section, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071, Spain
| | - José Luis Gonzalez-Mora
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Medicine Section, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071, Spain
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50
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Mismatch between Tissue Partial Oxygen Pressure and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neuromonitoring of Tissue Respiration in Acute Brain Trauma: The Rationale for Implementing a Multimodal Monitoring Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031122. [PMID: 33498736 PMCID: PMC7865258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PbtO2) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuromonitoring are frequently compared in the management of acute moderate and severe traumatic brain injury patients; however, the relationship between their respective output parameters flows from the complex pathogenesis of tissue respiration after brain trauma. NIRS neuromonitoring overcomes certain limitations related to the heterogeneity of the pathology across the brain that cannot be adequately addressed by local-sample invasive neuromonitoring (e.g., PbtO2 neuromonitoring, microdialysis), and it allows clinicians to assess parameters that cannot otherwise be scanned. The anatomical co-registration of an NIRS signal with axial imaging (e.g., computerized tomography scan) enhances the optical signal, which can be changed by the anatomy of the lesions and the significance of the radiological assessment. These arguments led us to conclude that rather than aiming to substitute PbtO2 with tissue saturation, multiple types of NIRS should be included via multimodal systemic- and neuro-monitoring, whose values then are incorporated into biosignatures linked to patient status and prognosis. Discussion on the abnormalities in tissue respiration due to brain trauma and how they affect the PbtO2 and NIRS neuromonitoring is given.
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