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Calatayud V, Cariñanos P. Mapping pollen allergenicity from urban trees in Valencia: A tool for green infrastructure planning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118823. [PMID: 38570127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Urban trees provide many benefits to citizens but also have associated disservices such as pollen allergenicity. Pollen allergies affect 40% of the European population, a problem that will be exacerbated with climate change by lengthening the pollen season. The allergenic characteristics of the urban trees and urban parks of the city of Valencia (Spain) have been studied. The Value of Potential Allergenicity (VPA) was calculated for all species. The most abundant allergenic trees with a very high VPA were the cypresses, followed by Platanus x hispanica and species of genera Morus, Acer and Fraxinus, with a high VPA. On the contrary, Citrus x aurantium, Melia azedarach, Washingtonia spp., Brachychiton spp. and Jacaranda mimosifolia were among the most abundant low allergenic trees. VPA was mapped for the city and a hot spot analysis was applied to identify areas of clustering of high and low VPA values. This geostatistical analysis provides a comprehensive representation of the VPA patterns which is very useful for urban green infrastructure planning. The Index of Urban Green Zone Allergenicity (IUGZA) was calculated for the main parks of the city. The subtropical and tropical flora component included many entomophilous species and the lowest share of high and very high allergenic trees in comparison with the Mediterranean and Temperate components. Overall, a diversification of tree species avoiding clusters of high VPA trees, and the prioritization of species with low VPA are good strategies to minimize allergy-related impacts of urban trees on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, Parque Tecnológico, Charles R. Darwin 14, Paterna, Spain.
| | - Paloma Cariñanos
- Departament of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, Spain
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Kwong KY, Chen Z, Scott L, Hilborne LH. Optimizing Identification of Allergic Sensitization to Seasonal Inhalant Allergens in the USA: Implications for Constructing Optimal Panels to Evaluate Patients with Allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38781930 DOI: 10.1159/000538420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While a specific number and type of antigens are recognized to detect perennial inhalant allergies, the optimal number and combination of allergens to reliably identify seasonal allergic sensitization is unclear due to limited national data. This study analyzed aeroallergen testing data from a large US clinical reference laboratory to provide guidance for optimizing seasonal allergen test selection. METHODS The 2019 serum IgE tests for seasonal inhalant allergens were identified from the Quest Diagnostics database. Patients with results for at least 1 of 31 seasonal allergens across 4 allergen classes (11 trees, 7 weeds, 5 grasses, and 8 molds) were analyzed. A step-by-step conditional approach was employed to determine the minimum number and species of allergens needed to identify at least 98% of sensitized patients for each class. RESULTS Of 88,042 patients tested for ≥1 seasonal allergen, 1.5%, 1.8%, 1.3%, and 1.6% were tested for all trees, weeds, grasses, and molds, respectively. Of those tested for all allergens within a class, 40.4%, 38.6%, 29.5%, and 21.2% were sensitized to at least one tree, weed, grass, or mold allergen, respectively. Identification of ≥98% of sensitized patients within a class required 8 allergens for trees (mountain cedar, maple box elder, walnut, white ash, elm, birch, cottonwood, and hickory/pecan), 5 for weeds (common ragweed short, rough pigweed, English plantain, lamb's quarters/goosefoot, and Russian thistle), 3 for grasses (June/Kentucky blue grass, Johnson grass, and Bermuda grass), and 7 for molds (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor racemosus, Epicoccum purpurascens, Penicillium notatum, Helminthosporium halodes, and Fusarium moniliforme). CONCLUSION A minimum of 23 antigens is required to optimally detect sensitization to four classes of seasonal allergens (i.e., ≥98% identification). The addition of these allergens to unique perennial allergens (cat, dog, mouse, cockroach, and 2 dust mite species) results in a comprehensive elucidation of inhalant allergen sensitization. This knowledge provides a pivotal guide for clinical laboratories as they construct allergen panels to optimize diagnostic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Y Kwong
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles General Medical Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lyne Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles General Medical Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lee H Hilborne
- Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Grewling Ł, Ribeiro H, Antunes C, Apangu GP, Çelenk S, Costa A, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Galveias A, Gonzalez Roldan N, Lika M, Magyar D, Martinez-Bracero M, Ørby P, O'Connor D, Penha AM, Pereira S, Pérez-Badia R, Rodinkova V, Xhetani M, Šauliene I, Skjøth CA. Outdoor airborne allergens: Characterization, behavior and monitoring in Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167042. [PMID: 37709071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aeroallergens or inhalant allergens, are proteins dispersed through the air and have the potential to induce allergic conditions such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Outdoor aeroallergens are found predominantly in pollen grains and fungal spores, which are allergen carriers. Aeroallergens from pollen and fungi have seasonal emission patterns that correlate with plant pollination and fungal sporulation and are strongly associated with atmospheric weather conditions. They are released when allergen carriers come in contact with the respiratory system, e.g. the nasal mucosa. In addition, due to the rupture of allergen carriers, airborne allergen molecules may be released directly into the air in the form of micronic and submicronic particles (cytoplasmic debris, cell wall fragments, droplets etc.) or adhered onto other airborne particulate matter. Therefore, aeroallergen detection strategies must consider, in addition to the allergen carriers, the allergen molecules themselves. This review article aims to present the current knowledge on inhalant allergens in the outdoor environment, their structure, localization, and factors affecting their production, transformation, release or degradation. In addition, methods for collecting and quantifying aeroallergens are listed and thoroughly discussed. Finally, the knowledge gaps, challenges and implications associated with aeroallergen analysis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Grewling
- Laboratory of Aerobiology, Department of Systematic and Environmental Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Portugal
| | - Celia Antunes
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Sevcan Çelenk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ana Costa
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Ana Galveias
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Nestor Gonzalez Roldan
- Group of Biofunctional Metabolites and Structures, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany; Pollen Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mirela Lika
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Donát Magyar
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Pia Ørby
- Department of Environmental Science, Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA) Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 E432, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Marchã Penha
- Water Laboratory, School of Sciences and Technology, ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora. 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pereira
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Badia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Merita Xhetani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
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Fleischman DA, Morris DO. Pilot study to determine the concordance between skin prick and intradermal test (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergens in atopic dogs using IDT as the gold standard. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:505-513. [PMID: 37382082 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prick testing is widely used as the first-line in vivo test for environmental allergens in people owing to its noninvasive nature and speed of performance. OBJECTIVES To determine concordance between skin prick testing (SPT) and intradermal testing (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergen mixes in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD). ANIMALS Forty client-owned dogs with cAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin prick testing (GREER Pick System; Stallergenes Greer) and IDT were performed on 40 dogs using seven glycerinated and aqueous environmental allergen mixes, respectively (tree, grass and weed pollens, house dust mites and three mould mixes). Reactions for IDT and SPT were evaluated both subjectively and objectively (mean wheal diameter; MWD) and compared to saline and histamine controls. RESULTS Using IDT as the gold standard, with subjective scoring, SPT was 47.0% sensitive [95% confidence interval (CI) 36.0%-58.7%], 92.1% specific (95% CI 87.6%-95.3%) and agreement was moderate (79%, Cohen's kappa = 0.424). The positive predictive value of SPT was 36% and negative predictive value was 95%. Objective and subjective scores had only fair agreement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Skin prick testing with allergen mixes was specific yet poorly sensitive as compared to IDT. For both IDT and SPT, 95% (38 of 40) dogs failed to react to an allergen mix, despite showing a positive reaction to at least one component. Future studies comparing SPT and IDT should test individual allergens rather than mixes to prevent the dilution of individual components, which may have resulted in false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A Fleischman
- Department of Clinical Studies & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- Department of Clinical Studies & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Martins LML. Survey of Sensitization to Common Fungi in an Allergic Dog Population: The Need for Further Focus on Sensitization and Allergy to Fungi in Veterinary Medicine. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1075. [PMID: 37998880 PMCID: PMC10672432 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most fungal species are commensals and non-pathogenic to plants, humans, or animals. However, several species of the Alternaria, Aspergillus, Trichophyton, and Microsporum genera are common causes of disease, even for immunocompetent individuals. Besides mucosal damage, fungi may contribute to a skin barrier impairment, favoring sensitization and allergy development. A total of 68 allergic dogs were selected from a veterinary dermatology and allergy outpatient consultation for conditions related to both Malassezia overgrowth and other fungal complications. The allergy diagnosis was made through anamnesis and current clinical criteria, with the involved allergenic species being identified by intradermal tests (IDTs) and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) determination in serum. Dermatophagoides farinae, Dactylis glomerata, and Malassezia pachydermatis showed as the higher sensitization species from house dust mites, grass pollen, and fungi, respectively. Significant correlations at p < 0.05 were found between sensitization to Dactylis glomerata and Phleum pratense grass pollens, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor dust/storage mites, and between fungi like Aspergillus mix and Penicillium or Alternaria alternata. A significant correlation was also found between sensitization to the Aspergillus mix and D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, or A. siro. Rather severe dermatitis was observed when a positive IDT to Malassezia pachydermatis was found, regardless of the detection of circulating sIgE, allowing us to consider the usefulness of both the IDT and the sIgE for a systematic diagnosis of allergy to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Miguel Lourenço Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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Krinitsina AA, Omelchenko DO, Kasianov AS, Karaseva VS, Selezneva YM, Chesnokova OV, Shirobokov VA, Polevova SV, Severova EE. Aerobiological Monitoring and Metabarcoding of Grass Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2351. [PMID: 37375978 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Grass pollen is one of the leading causes of pollinosis, affecting 10-30% of the world's population. The allergenicity of pollen from different Poaceae species is not the same and is estimated from moderate to high. Aerobiological monitoring is a standard method that allows one to track and predict the dynamics of allergen concentration in the air. Poaceae is a stenopalynous family, and thus grass pollen can usually be identified only at the family level with optical microscopy. Molecular methods, in particular the DNA barcoding technique, can be used to conduct a more accurate analysis of aerobiological samples containing the DNA of various plant species. This study aimed to test the possibility of using the ITS1 and ITS2 nuclear loci for determining the presence of grass pollen from air samples via metabarcoding and to compare the analysis results with the results of phenological observations. Based on the high-throughput sequencing data, we analyzed the changes in the composition of aerobiological samples taken in the Moscow and Ryazan regions for three years during the period of active flowering of grasses. Ten genera of the Poaceae family were detected in airborne pollen samples. The representation for most of them for ITS1 and ITS2 barcodes was similar. At the same time, in some samples, the presence of specific genera was characterized by only one sequence: either ITS1 or ITS2. Based on the analysis of the abundance of both barcode reads in the samples, the following order could describe the change with time in the dominant species in the air: Poa, Alopecurus, and Arrhenatherum in early mid-June, Lolium, Bromus, Dactylis, and Briza in mid-late June, Phleum, Elymus in late June to early July, and Calamagrostis in early mid-July. In most samples, the number of taxa found via metabarcoding analysis was higher compared to that in the phenological observations. The semi-quantitative analysis of high-throughput sequencing data well reflects the abundance of only major grass species at the flowering stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Krinitsina
- Department of Higher Plants, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis O Omelchenko
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem S Kasianov
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera S Karaseva
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Science, S.A. Esenin Ryazan State University, 390000 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Yulia M Selezneva
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Science, S.A. Esenin Ryazan State University, 390000 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Olga V Chesnokova
- Department of Higher Plants, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Shirobokov
- Department of Higher Plants, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Polevova
- Department of Higher Plants, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena E Severova
- Department of Higher Plants, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Ohashi-Doi K, Utsumi D, Mitobe Y, Fujinami K. Japanese Cedar Pollen Allergens in Japan. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:837-850. [PMID: 36200245 DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220930155719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pollen from members of the Cupressaceae tree family is one of the most important causes of allergic disease in the world. Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar) and Chamaecyparis obtusa (Japanese cypress) are Japan's most common tree species. The pollen dispersal season is mainly from February to May. The major allergens of Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress exhibit high amino acid sequence similarity due to the phylogenetic relationship between the two species. An epidemiological study has shown that the prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis is approximately 40%. Younger children (5 to 9 years old) showed a high prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis as 30% in 2019, indicating that season pollinosis is getting worse. Pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for pollinosis induced by Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress. Patients' satisfaction with pharmacotherapy is low due to insufficient experienced effect and daytime somnolence. Unlike pharmacotherapy, allergy immunotherapy (AIT) addresses the basic immunological mechanisms of allergic disease and activates protective allergen-reactive pathways of the immune system. AIT is now recognized as the only treatment option with the potential to provide long-term post-treatment benefits and alter the natural course of the allergic disease, including Japanese cedar pollinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyo Ohashi-Doi
- Medical Affairs, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8439, Japan
| | - Daichi Utsumi
- Medical Affairs, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8439, Japan
| | - Yuko Mitobe
- Medical Affairs, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8439, Japan
| | - Koji Fujinami
- Medical Affairs, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8439, Japan
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González-Díaz SN, Canel-Paredes A, Macías-Weinmann A, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, Villarreal-González RV. Atopy, allergen sensitization and development of hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022:10781552221080415. [PMID: 35188862 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221080415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of multiple types of malignant tumors which was discovered from the Taxus brevofilia tree. In some patients, anaphylaxis develops during the first exposure to paclitaxel, suggesting that primary sensitization may have occurred through hidden or unidentified allergens that produce cross-reactivity. Skin testing may be useful in identifying sensitization to these allergens. Atopy has also been reported in patients with hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to paclitaxel.The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between atopy and sensitization to allergens with the development of immediate HSR to paclitaxel. METHODS Skin prick tests (SPT) for environmental and food allergens were applied to 76 patients recently diagnosed with cancer. A SPT to paclitaxel was applied and if negative, an intradermal test was performed. After paclitaxel's infusion, the development of immediate HSR was observed. RESULTS Of 76 skin tests, 43% of patients had allergen sensitization and 57% did not. HSR occurred in 12.1% and 11.6% of each group, respectively. Five percent of patients tested positive to paclitaxel and only one had an immediate HSR. Eighty-nine percent of patients who developed an HSR had a family or personal history of atopy. CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to environmental or food allergens does not appear to be a risk factor for the development of immediate HSR to paclitaxel, suggesting that there are other non-IgE-mediated immunologic mechanisms responsible for their development, however, a personal and family history of atopy increases 8x the risk of developing anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Nora González-Díaz
- 27771Autonomous University of Nuevo León, University Hospital "Dr José Eleuterio González", Faculty of Medicine, Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Monterrey, México
| | - Alejandra Canel-Paredes
- 27771Autonomous University of Nuevo León, University Hospital "Dr José Eleuterio González", Faculty of Medicine, Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Monterrey, México
| | - Alejandra Macías-Weinmann
- 27771Autonomous University of Nuevo León, University Hospital "Dr José Eleuterio González", Faculty of Medicine, Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Monterrey, México
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- 27771Autonomous University of Nuevo León, University Hospital "Dr José Eleuterio González", Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Department, Monterrey, México
| | - Rosalaura Virginia Villarreal-González
- 27771Autonomous University of Nuevo León, University Hospital "Dr José Eleuterio González", Faculty of Medicine, Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Monterrey, México
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Panaitescu C, Haidar L, Buzan MR, Grijincu M, Spanu DE, Cojanu C, Laculiceanu A, Bumbacea R, Agache IO. Precision medicine in the allergy clinic: the application of component resolved diagnosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:145-162. [PMID: 35078387 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2034501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A precise diagnosis is key for the optimal management of allergic diseases and asthma. In vivo or in vitro diagnostic methods that use allergen extracts often fail to identify the molecules eliciting the allergic reactions. AREAS COVERED Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) has solved most of the limitations of extract-based diagnostic procedures and is currently valuable tool for the precision diagnosis in the allergy clinic, for venom and food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Its implementation in daily practice facilitates: a) the distinction between genuine multiple sensitizations and cross-reactive sensitization in polysensitized patients; b) the prediction of a severe, systemic reaction in food or insect venom allergy; c) the optimal selection of allergen immunotherapy based on the patient sensitization profile. This paper describes its main advantages and disadvantages, cost-effectiveness and future perspectives. EXPERT OPINION The diagnostic strategy based on CRD is part of the new concept of precision immunology, which aims to improve the management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Panaitescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.,Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in The Treatment of Cancer - OncoGen, "Pius Brinzeu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura Haidar
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
| | - Maria Roxana Buzan
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.,Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in The Treatment of Cancer - OncoGen, "Pius Brinzeu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Manuela Grijincu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Center of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania.,Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in The Treatment of Cancer - OncoGen, "Pius Brinzeu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Catalina Cojanu
- Transylvania University Brasov - Faculty of Medicine, Brasov
| | | | - Roxana Bumbacea
- Department of Allergy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
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Severova E, Kopylov-Guskov Y, Selezneva Y, Karaseva V, Yadav SR, Sokoloff D. Pollen Production of Selected Grass Species in Russia and India at the Levels of Anther, Flower and Inflorescence. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030285. [PMID: 35161263 PMCID: PMC8840183 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grasses produce large amounts of pollen and are among the main causes of pollen allergy worldwide. Quantification of the roles of individual grass species in airborne pollen is an important task, because morphologically indistinguishable pollen grains of different species may differ in allergenicity. This requires knowledge of the pollen production of individual grass species; however, accumulated data are insufficient in this respect. Attempting to fill this gap, we studied pollen production per inflorescence in 29 grass species which are widespread in Middle Russia and India. Pollen production per inflorescence is determined by the number of grains per anther, the number of flowers in a spikelet and the number of spikelets per inflorescence, with the latter parameter being the most variable. We support the hypothesis that pollen production per inflorescence differs significantly between annual and perennial grasses. The greater pollen production of perennials can be interpreted as a tendency to guarantee cross-fertilization of species with self-incompatibility. The inferred pollen/ovule (P/O) ratios suggest the occurrence of facultative xenogamy in all annuals and obligate xenogamy in most perennials in the present dataset, though some self-incompatible annuals exist outside our sampling. Earlier data indicated that the P/O ratio of the annual cereal crop rye (Secale cereale) is higher than in any annual or perennial species sampled here. A ratio of pollen production to seed set (P/S ratio) is suggested to be another efficient parameter in reproductive biology of grasses. We highlight a need for detailed studies of reproductive biology in grasses that include both pollen and seed production. We found a correlation between pollen production per anther and anther length. A rough approximation of c. 1000 pollen grains per 1 mm of the length of an anther provides an instrument for estimates of pollen production in plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Severova
- Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (Y.K.-G.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-915-3884349
| | - Yury Kopylov-Guskov
- Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (Y.K.-G.); (D.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yulia Selezneva
- Institute of Natural Science, S.A. Esenin Ryazan State University, 390000 Ryazan, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Vera Karaseva
- Institute of Natural Science, S.A. Esenin Ryazan State University, 390000 Ryazan, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Shrirang R. Yadav
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India;
| | - Dmitry Sokoloff
- Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (Y.K.-G.); (D.S.)
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11
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Ishida W, Kishimoto T, Takaiwa F, Fukuda K. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Oral Immunotherapy on Birch Pollen-Induced Allergic Conjunctivitis in Mice with a Rice-Based Edible Vaccine Expressing a Hypoallergenic Birch Pollen Allergen. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123361. [PMID: 34943868 PMCID: PMC8699710 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of the oral administration of transgenic rice seeds expressing a hypoallergenic Bet v 1 derivative of allergic birch pollen conjunctivitis in mice. Transgenic rice seed depositing a chimeric molecule called TPC7 (tree pollen chimera 7) created by DNA shuffling of Bet v 1 family sequences from birch, alder and hazel in protein bodies of endosperm was generated. BALB/c mice were sensitized to birch pollen in alum and challenged with pollen in eyedrops. They were fed TPC7 transgenic or non-transgenic (control) rice seeds for 14 d before sensitization (prophylactic protocol) or 17 d after sensitization (therapeutic protocol). The clinical score and number of conjunctival eosinophils were significantly lower in TPC7-fed mice than in the control mice based on both the prophylactic and therapeutic protocols. Serum concentration of allergen-specific IgE did not differ between TPC7-fed and control groups in either protocol. Prophylactic administration of TPC7 downregulated the production of IL-4 and IFN-γ, whereas therapeutic administration of TPC7 upregulated the production of IFN-γ by allergen-stimulated splenocytes. Prophylactic or therapeutic oral administration of transgenic rice expressing TPC7 suppressed birch pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis in mice. Feeding transgenic rice is a potentially effective approach as an allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waka Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan; (W.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatsuma Kishimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan; (W.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Fumio Takaiwa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan;
| | - Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan; (W.I.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88880-2391
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12
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Jung S, Zhao F, Menzel A. Establishing the twig method for investigations on pollen characteristics of allergenic tree species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1983-1993. [PMID: 34043087 PMCID: PMC8536639 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The twig method in climate chambers has been shown to successfully work as a proxy for outdoor manipulations in various experimental setups. This study was conducted to further establish this method for the investigation of allergenic pollen from tree species (hazel, alder, and birch). Direct comparison under outdoor conditions revealed that the cut twigs compared to donor trees were similar in the timing of flowering and the amount of pollen produced. Cut twigs were able to flower in climate chambers and produced a sufficient amount of pollen for subsequent laboratory analysis. The addition of different plant or tissue fertilizers in the irrigation of the twigs did not have any influence; rather, the regular exchange of water and the usage of fungicide were sufficient for reaching the stage of flowering. In the experimental setup, the twigs were cut in different intervals before the actual flowering and were put under warming conditions in the climate chamber. An impact of warming on the timing of flowering/pollen characteristics could be seen for the investigated species. Therefore, the twig method is well applicable for experimental settings in pollen research simulating, e.g., accelerated warming under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Jung
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Feng Zhao
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
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13
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Suanno C, Aloisi I, Parrotta L, Fernández-González D, Del Duca S. Allergenic risk assessment of urban parks: Towards a standard index. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111436. [PMID: 34087192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Allergenicity indices are a powerful tool to assess the health hazard posed by urban parks to pollen allergic subjects. Nonetheless, only few indices have been developed and applied to urban vegetation in the last decade, and they were never compared nor standardised over the same dataset. To address this issue, in this paper the two best-known allergenicity indices, the Urban Green Zones Allergenicity Index (IUGZA) and the Specific Allergenicity Index (SAI), have been calculated for the same park (the Botanical Garden of Bologna), collecting vegetation data through both systematic sampling and arboreal census. The results obtained with the two data collection methods were comparable for both indices, indicating systematic sampling as a reliable approximation of the total census. Besides, the allergenic risk resulted moderate to high according to SAI, and very low according to IUGZA. Since SAI does not consider the total volume of the vegetation, it was deemed less reliable than IUGZA in evaluating the allergenicity of an enclosed green space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Suanno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Delia Fernández-González
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Department Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, 24071, Callejón Campus Vegazana, s/n, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Sousa-Silva R, Smargiassi A, Kneeshaw D, Dupras J, Zinszer K, Paquette A. Strong variations in urban allergenicity riskscapes due to poor knowledge of tree pollen allergenic potential. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10196. [PMID: 33986328 PMCID: PMC8119473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to allergenic tree pollen is an increasing environmental health issue in urban areas. However, reliable, well-documented, peer-reviewed data on the allergenicity of pollen from common tree species in urban environments are lacking. Using the concept of 'riskscape', we present and discuss evidence on how different tree pollen allergenicity datasets shape the risk for pollen-allergy sufferers in five cities with different urban forests and population densities: Barcelona, Montreal, New York City, Paris, and Vancouver. We also evaluate how tree diversity can modify the allergenic risk of urban forests. We show that estimates of pollen exposure risk range from 1 to 74% for trees considered to be highly allergenic in the same city. This variation results from differences in the pollen allergenicity datasets, which become more pronounced when a city's canopy is dominated by only a few species and genera. In an increasingly urbanized world, diverse urban forests offer a potentially safer strategy aimed at diluting sources of allergenic pollen until better allergenicity data is developed. Our findings highlight an urgent need for a science-based approach to guide public health and urban forest planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sousa-Silva
- Centre for Forest Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Public Health Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- National Institute of Public Health of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre for Forest Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Dupras
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Kate Zinszer
- Public Health Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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16
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Food allergen sensitization patterns in a large allergic population in Mexico. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:553-559. [PMID: 32444115 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Although food allergy is recognized as a growing worldwide public health problem, there continues to be limited data on prevalence rates in developing and emerging countries. Most prevalence estimates are based on self-reports, with only few studies using objective assessments. The aim was to analyze the frequency of sensitization to food allergens by serum specific IgE in a large group of unselected allergic patients in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data registries from patients of all ages with suspected food allergy referred to a specialized laboratory in Mexico City from January 2016 to April 2018. A descriptive analysis, and an age/food-group comparison were made. RESULTS A total of 2633 subjects tested for food allergy were identified during the study period; 1795 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall positivity (sIgE≥0.35kUA/L) to at least one food was 24%. The most frequently positive foods were hazelnut, apple, shrimp, peanut, egg white, egg yolk, peach, almond, tomato, bean, milk, strawberry, kiwi, maize and wheat. Positivity for some foods was more frequent across different age groups, in young children (≤5 years) milk; in older children (6-17 years): peanut, almond, wheat, soy and maize; in adults: apple. We also found other foods with high positivity but less than 50 samples: rye 60%, mango 42.9%, carrot 37.5%, cashew 27.3%, banana 21.1% and oat 20.6%. CONCLUSION Our study reported the presence of a differential regional IgE sensitization pattern as compared with the internationally reported one, highlighting the importance of local staple foods.
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17
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Thien F, Davies JM, Hew M, Douglass JA, O'Hehir RE. Thunderstorm asthma: an overview of mechanisms and management strategies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:1005-1017. [PMID: 32960102 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1826310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemic thunderstorm asthma (ETSA) is due to a complex interaction of environmental and individual susceptibility factors, with outbreaks reported globally over the last four decades. Australia has been particularly susceptible with nearly half of episodes reported internationally, culminating in the catastrophic Melbourne 2016 event. AREAS COVERED Reported ETSA episodes are reviewed for common environmental and meteorological risk factors. Allergen aerobiology interaction with thunderstorm activity and rapid weather condition changes is examined. Assessment of the clinical and immunological data highlights risk factors for ETSA presentation, hospital admission, and intensive care admission. Risk factors associated with ETSA deaths are evaluated. Public health strategies, as well as pharmacological and immunological management approaches to reduce individual susceptibility and prevent ETSA are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Improved understanding of the specific meteorological factors predisposing to the greatest risk of ETSA to improve forecasting is required. Better monitoring of aeroallergen levels in areas of greatest geographic risk, with further research into allergen aerobiology underpinning mechanisms of allergen exposure is needed. The role of climate change in increasing the risk of ETSA outbreaks requires further research. Public awareness and education are required to reduce exposure, and to improve uptake of pharmacological and immunological risk reduction and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Thien
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janet M Davies
- Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia.,Metro North Hospital and Health Service , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Hew
- Monash University , Melbourne, Australia.,Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jo A Douglass
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn E O'Hehir
- Monash University , Melbourne, Australia.,Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health , Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Kim YJ, Lee MY, Yang AR, Sol IS, Kwak JH, Jung HL, Shim JW, Kim DS, Shim JY. Trends of Sensitization to Inhalant Allergens in Korean Children Over the Last 10 Years. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:797-804. [PMID: 32882764 PMCID: PMC7471077 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.9.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Climate and lifestyle changes increase an individual's susceptibility to various allergens and also the incidence of allergic diseases. We aimed to examine the changes in sensitization rate for aeroallergens over a 10-year period in Korean children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 4493 children who visited the allergy clinic at a tertiary hospital in Korea for allergic rhinitis or asthma from January 2009 to December 2018. The serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured to confirm the sensitization against Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), Alternaria, weed and tree pollen mixtures, as well as cat and dog dander through ImmunoCAP test. RESULTS D. farinae was the most common sensitizing aeroallergen (45.9%) during the 10-year span. The sensitization rate for tree pollen mixture (p for trend <0.001), weed pollen mixtures (p for trend <0.001), dog dander (p for trend=0.025), and cat dander (p for trend=0.003) showed ascending trends during the 10-year study period. Furthermore, the sensitization rate for multiple allergens (≥2) in 2018 increased significantly compared to that in 2009 (p for trend=0.013). Compared with children without sensitization to D. farinae, those with sensitization to D. farinae showed higher sensitization rates to other aeroallergens (p for interaction <0.001). CONCLUSION Children's sensitization rate to cat and dog dander and weed and tree pollen mixtures significantly increased during the 10-year period in Korea. Children with sensitization to D. farinae are likely to be sensitized to other aeroallergens as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Ji Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Ram Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Suk Sol
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Würtzen PA, Hoof I, Christensen LH, Váczy Z, Henmar H, Salamanca G, Lundegaard C, Lund L, Kráľova T, Brooks EG, Andersen PS. Diverse and highly cross-reactive T-cell responses in ragweed allergic patients independent of geographical region. Allergy 2020; 75:137-147. [PMID: 31325327 DOI: 10.1111/all.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed frequently causes seasonal allergies in North America and Europe. In the United States, several related ragweed species with diverse geographical distribution cause allergic symptoms. Cross-reactivity towards related ragweed species of IgE and treatment-induced IgG4 has been demonstrated previously. However, less is known about the underlying T-cell cross-reactivity. METHODS The allergen content of ragweed extracts was determined by mass spectrometry and related to T-cell epitopes of Amb a allergens (group 1, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 11) in 20 American ragweed allergic patients determined by FluoroSpot and proliferation assays. T-cell responses to 50 frequently recognized Amb a-derived T-cell epitopes and homologous peptides from western ragweed (Amb p), giant ragweed (Amb t) and mugwort (Art v) were investigated in an additional 11 American and 14 Slovakian ragweed allergic donors. RESULTS Ragweed extracts contained all known allergens and isoallergens thereof. Donor T-cell responses were diverse and directed against all Amb a 1 isoallergens and to most minor allergens investigated. Similar response patterns were seen in American and Slovakia donors. Several epitopes were cross-reactive between isoallergens and ragweed species, some even including mugwort. T-cell cross-reactivity generally correlated with allergen sequence homology. CONCLUSION T-cell epitopes of multiple allergens/isoallergens are involved in the diverse T-cell responses in ragweed allergic individuals. T-cell lines were highly cross-reactive to epitopes of related ragweed species without any apparent geographical response bias. These data support that different ragweed species can be considered an allergen homology group with Amb a as the representative species regarding diagnosis as well as allergy immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilka Hoof
- Global Research ALK Hørsholm Denmark
| | | | - Zuzana Váczy
- Louis Pasteur University Hospital Košice Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | - Lise Lund
- Global Research ALK Hørsholm Denmark
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20
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Number of seasonal exposures to Japanese cedar pollen increases the risk of sensitization: Observational study in Korean adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10496. [PMID: 31324893 PMCID: PMC6642128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to seasonal allergens usually requires repeated exposure to them. However, research on the extent of exposure that increases the risk of sensitization to specific allergens is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the levels of exposure to Japanese cedar pollen that increased the risk of sensitization to it. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 857 college students living in Jeju, South Korea, as it is the only province in Korea where Japanese cedar pollen levels are high. Questionnaires about demographic characteristics were distributed and skin prick tests for allergic sensitization were performed. Sensitization rates of groups divided by residence period were 3.8% (less than 1 year), 1.8% (1–2 years), 8.5% (2–3 years), 10.3% (3–4 years), 14.8% (4–10 years), and 19.1% (over 10 years). Residence period was an influencing factor of sensitization rate to Japanese cedar pollen, and the cut-off value of the residence period that increased the risk of sensitization to Japanese cedar pollen was found to be 25 months. Repeated exposure to seasonal allergens was related to an increased sensitization rate in young adults. Our results suggested that exposure to Japanese cedar pollen for over two seasons could increase the risk in Korean adults.
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21
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Biedermann T, Winther L, Till SJ, Panzner P, Knulst A, Valovirta E. Birch pollen allergy in Europe. Allergy 2019; 74:1237-1248. [PMID: 30829410 DOI: 10.1111/all.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Birch and other related trees of the families Betulaceae and Fagaceae (alder, hazel, oak, hornbeam, chestnut, and beech) constitute the birch homologous group. This grouping is primarily based on the extensive IgE cross-reactivity of allergen homologs to the major birch allergen Bet v 1. Birch pollen is the most dominant tree pollen in Northern and Central Europe and is a major cause of allergic rhinitis and, possibly, asthma symptoms. Over the last few decades, levels of birch pollen have risen and the period of exposure has increased due to climate changes. Subsequently, the prevalence of birch pollen sensitization has also increased. The cross-reactivity and sequential pollen seasons within the birch homologous group create a prolonged symptomatic allergy period beyond birch pollen alone. Furthermore, many plant food allergens contain homologs to Bet v 1, meaning that the majority of patients with birch pollen allergy suffer from secondary pollen food syndrome (PFS). As a result, the negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients allergic to birch pollen is significant. The purpose of this manuscript was to narratively review topics of interest such as taxonomy, cross-reactivity, prevalence, clinical relevance, PFS, and HRQoL with regard to birch pollen allergy from a European perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - L. Winther
- Allergy Clinic Department of Dermato‐Allergology Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. J. Till
- Kings College London Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - P. Panzner
- Department of Immunology and Allergology Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - A. Knulst
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - E. Valovirta
- Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Allergology University of Turku and Allergy Clinic Terveystalo, Turku Finland
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22
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Sharif H, Singh I, Kouser L, Mösges R, Bonny MA, Karamani A, Parkin RV, Bovy N, Kishore U, Robb A, Katotomichelakis M, Holtappels G, Derycke L, Corazza F, von Frenckell R, Wathelet N, Duchateau J, Legon T, Pirotton S, Durham SR, Bachert C, Shamji MH. Immunologic mechanisms of a short-course of Lolium perenne peptide immunotherapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:738-749. [PMID: 30844425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 3-week short-course of adjuvant-free hydrolysates of Lolium perenne peptide (LPP) immunotherapy for rhinoconjunctivitis with or without asthma over 4 physician visits is safe, well tolerated, and effective. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate immunologic mechanisms of LPP immunotherapy in a subset of patients who participated in a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (clinical.govNCT02560948). METHODS Participants were randomized to receive LPP (n = 21) or placebo (n = 11) for 3 weeks over 4 visits. Grass pollen-induced basophil, T-cell, and B-cell responses were evaluated before treatment (visit [V] 2), at the end of treatment (V6), and after the pollen season (V8). RESULTS Combined symptom and rescue medication scores (CSMS) were lower during the peak pollen season (-35.1%, P = .03) and throughout the pollen season (-53.7%, P = .03) in the LPP-treated group compared with those in the placebo-treated group. Proportions of CD63+ and CD203cbrightCRTH2+ basophils were decreased following LPP treatment at V6 (10 ng/mL, P < .0001) and V8 (10 ng/mL, P < .001) compared to V2. No change in the placebo-treated group was observed. Blunting of seasonal increases in levels of grass pollen-specific IgE was observed in LPP-treated but not placebo-treated group. LPP immunotherapy, but not placebo, was associated with a reduction in proportions of IL-4+ TH2 (V6, P = .02), IL-4+ (V6, P = .003; V8, P = .004), and IL-21+ (V6, P = .003; V8, P = .002) follicular helper T cells. Induction of FoxP3+, follicular regulatory T, and IL-10+ regulatory B cells were observed at V6 (all P < .05) and V8 (all P < .05) in LPP-treated group. Induction of regulatory B cells was associated with allergen-neutralizing IgG4-blocking antibodies. CONCLUSION For the first time, we demonstrate that the immunologic mechanisms of LPP immunotherapy are underscored by immune modulation in the T- and B-cell compartments, which is necessary for its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanisah Sharif
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair & Development, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iesha Singh
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair & Development, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair & Development, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Mösges
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Angeliki Karamani
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair & Development, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca V Parkin
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair & Development, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Abigail Robb
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair & Development, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lara Derycke
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair & Development, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair & Development, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Kern K, Havenith H, Delaroque N, Rautenberger P, Lehmann J, Fischer M, Spiegel H, Schillberg S, Ehrentreich-Foerster E, Aurich S, Treudler R, Szardenings M. The immunome of soy bean allergy: Comprehensive identification and characterization of epitopes. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:239-251. [PMID: 30267550 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise mapping of multiple antibody epitopes recognized by patients' sera allows a more detailed and differentiated understanding of immunological diseases. It may lead to the development of novel therapies and diagnostic tools. OBJECTIVE Mapping soy bean specific epitopes relevant for soy bean allergy patients and persons sensitized to soy bean, and analysis of their IgE/IgG binding spectrum. METHODS Identification of epitopes using sera, applying an optimized peptide phage display library followed by next-generation sequencing, specially designed in silico data analysis and subsequent peptide microarray analysis. RESULTS We were able to identify more than 400 potential epitope motifs in soy bean proteins. More than 60% of them have not yet been described as potential epitopes. Eighty-three peptides, representing the 42 most frequently found epitope candidates, were validated by microarray analysis using 50 sera from people who have been tested positive in skin prick test (SPT). Of these peptides, 56 were bound by antibodies, 55 by serum IgE, 43 by serum IgG and 30 by both. Person-specific epitope patterns were found for each individual and protein. CONCLUSIONS For individuals with clinical symptoms, epitope resolved analyses reveal a high prevalence of IgE binding to a few soy bean specific epitopes. Evaluation of individual immune profiles of patients with soy bean sensitization allows the identification of peptides that do facilitate studying individual IgE/IgG epitope binding patterns. This enables discrimination of sensitization from disease, such assay test has the potential to replace SPT assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Kern
- Ligand Development Unit, Fraunhofer IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Havenith
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, Fraunhofer IME, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Holger Spiegel
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, Fraunhofer IME, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefanie Aurich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Comprehensive Allergy Centre, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Comprehensive Allergy Centre, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Oeo-Santos C, Mas S, Quiralte J, Colás C, Blanca M, Fernández J, Feo Brito F, Villalba M, Barderas R. A Hypoallergenic Polygalacturonase Isoform from Olive Pollen Is Implicated in Pollen-Pollen Cross-Reactivity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:290-301. [PMID: 30173224 DOI: 10.1159/000491027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-reactivity reactions between allergenic polygalacturonases (PGs) from different biological sources, especially foods and pollens from the Oleaceae family, have been described using Salsola kali PG (Sal k 6). No PG from olive pollen has been characterized to date, hampering further knowledge about cross-reactions through PGs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to determine the potential allergenicity of the PG from olive pollen and clarify its role in cross-reactivity. METHODS A cDNA-encoding olive pollen PG sequence was subcloned into the pET41b vector and used to transform BL21(DE3) Escherichia coli cells to produce a His-tag fusion recombinant protein. The allergenic properties of olive pollen PG were determined by immunoblotting and ELISA in comparison to Sal k 6. The cross-reactivity potential of the protein with other pollen sources was analyzed by inhibition immunoassays. RESULTS The existence of other isoforms of Ole e 14 with different allergenicity was confirmed by proteomics and a meta-analysis of the recently reported olive genome. Sal k 6 showed a higher IgE recognition than Ole e 14 regardless of patient sensitization, suggesting the existence of more allergenic Ole e 14 isoforms in olive pollen. IgG and IgE inhibition assays supported the existence of cross-reactions between them and with other PGs from Oleaceae and Poaceae plant families. CONCLUSIONS A new allergen from olive pollen, Ole e 14, has been identified, produced as a recombinant isoform, and structurally and immunologically characterized. Its role in cross-reactivity has been confirmed and, due to its smaller IgE binding capacity, it could have an important role for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Oeo-Santos
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Mas
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Departamento Alergología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Colás
- Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanca
- Unidad de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga-IBIMA, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Departamento Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Mayte Villalba
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,UFIEC, CROSADIS, ISCIII, Majadahonda, Spain
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25
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Green BJ, Levetin E, Horner WE, Codina R, Barnes CS, Filley WV. Landscape Plant Selection Criteria for the Allergic Patient. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1869-1876. [PMID: 30097356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with pollen-related allergies are concerned about the species within their landscape that provoke their symptoms. Allergists are often asked for guidance but few information sources are available to aid patients in the recognition of allergenic plants and strategies to avoid personal exposure to them. Landscaping and horticultural workers also have few reliable guidance references, and what is available usually extols the virtues of the plants rather than their negative features. The aim of this article was to provide the results of the Landscape Allergen Working Group that was formed by the AAAAI Aerobiology Committee, which aimed to fill these existing knowledge gaps and develop guidance on producing a low-allergenic landscape. Within the context that complete pollen avoidance is unrealistic, the workgroup introduces selection criteria, avoidance strategies, and guidance on low-allergenic plants that could be selected by patients to reduce the overall pollen burden in their landscape environment. Specific focus is placed on entomophilous plants, which require insects as dispersal vectors and generally produce lower quantities of pollen, compared with anemophilous (wind-pollinated) species. Other biological hazards that can be encountered while performing landscaping activities are additionally reviewed and avoidance methods presented with the aim of protecting gardeners, and workers in the landscape and horticulture industries. The guidance presented in this article will ultimately be a helpful resource for the allergist and assist in engaging patients who are seeking to reduce the burden of allergen in their landscape environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Green
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WVa.
| | - Estelle Levetin
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Okla
| | | | | | - Charles S Barnes
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Warren V Filley
- Oklahoma Allergy & Asthma Clinic, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
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26
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Martínez-Cañavate Burgos A, Torres-Borrego J, Molina Terán AB, Corzo JL, García BE, Rodríguez Pacheco R, Moreno Aguilar C, Dávila I. Molecular sensitization patterns and influence of molecular diagnosis in immunotherapy prescription in children sensitized to both grass and olive pollen. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:369-374. [PMID: 29369414 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overlapping grass and olive pollen seasons in Spain and the phenomenon of cross-reactivity can make it difficult to determine the true causative agent of seasonal allergic rhinitis when only skin prick tests with whole extracts are used. The aim of the GRAMOLE study was to determine sensitization patterns to the major grass and olive pollen allergens detected using specific recombinant IgE and to explore how this knowledge affected physicians' choice of allergen-specific immunotherapy. METHODS Epidemiological, observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study. Results from children under 18 years of age diagnosed with seasonal allergic rhinitis by positive skin prick tests to olive and grass pollen were analyzed. Specific IgE to Phl p 1+5, Ole e 1, and Phl p 7+12 was determined. Investigators specified the optimal composition of allergen immunotherapy before and after knowing the results of the molecular diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 281 patients with a mean age of 13.4 years were included. Double sensitization to both major allergens was found in vitro in 76% of children for an IgE cutoff point of 0.35 kU/L. When the molecular diagnosis results were known, specialists changed the composition of the prescribed immunotherapy in 52.87% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Double sensitization to grass and olive pollen is common in Spain and also occurs in the pediatric population. Molecular diagnosis using specific IgE may help improve immunotherapy selection in polysensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez-Cañavate Burgos
- Department of Pediatrics, Head of Pediatric Allergy Unit, H. Materno-Infantil Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Torres-Borrego
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Reina Sofia Children's University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Molina Terán
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Reina Sofia Children's University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Dávila
- Allergy Service and Department of Biomedical and Diagnostics Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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27
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Mösges R, Koch AF, Raskopf E, Singh J, Shah‐Hosseini K, Astvatsatourov A, Hauswald B, Yarin Y, Corazza F, Haazen L, Pirotton S, Allekotte S, Zadoyan G, Legon T, Durham SR, Shamji MH. Lolium perenne peptide immunotherapy is well tolerated and elicits a protective B-cell response in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients. Allergy 2018; 73:1254-1262. [PMID: 29322510 PMCID: PMC6032848 DOI: 10.1111/all.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic allergic reactions are a risk for allergen immunotherapy that utilizes intact allergen preparations. We evaluated the safety, efficacy and immune mechanisms of short-course treatment with adjuvant-free Lolium perenne peptides (LPP) following a 6-week dose-escalation protocol. METHODS In a prospective, dose-escalation study, 61 grass pollen-allergic patients received 2 subcutaneous injections of LPP once weekly for 6 weeks. Safety was assessed evaluating local reactions, systemic reactions and adverse events. The clinical effect of LPP was determined by reactivity to the conjunctival provocation test (CPT). Specific IgE, IgG4 and blocking antibodies were measured at baseline (V1), during (V6) and after treatment (V8). RESULTS No fatality, serious adverse event or epinephrine use was reported. Mean wheal diameters after injections were <0.6 cm and mean redness diameters <2.5 cm, independent of dose. Transient and mostly mild adverse events were reported in 33 patients. Two patients experienced a grade I and 4 patients a grade II reaction (AWMF classification). At V8, 69.8% of patients became nonreactive to CPT. sIgG4 levels were higher at V6 (8.1-fold, P < .001) and V8 (12.2-fold, P < .001) than at V1. The sIgE:sIgG4 ratio decreased at V6 (-54.6%, P < .001) and V8 (-71.6%, P < .001) compared to V1. The absolute decrease in IgE-facilitated allergen binding was 18% (P < .001) at V6 and 25% (P < .001) at V8. CONCLUSION Increasing doses of subcutaneous LPP appeared safe, substantially diminished reactivity to CPT and induced blocking antibodies as early as 4 weeks after treatment initiation. The benefit/risk balance of LPP immunotherapy remains to be further evaluated in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Mösges
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- CRI—Clinical Research International LimitedHamburgGermany
| | - A. F. Koch
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - E. Raskopf
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - J. Singh
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - K. Shah‐Hosseini
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - A. Astvatsatourov
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - B. Hauswald
- Department of Oto‐Rhino‐LaryngologyUniversity Clinic Carl Gustav CarusTechnical University DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Y. Yarin
- Department of Oto‐Rhino‐LaryngologyUniversity Clinic Carl Gustav CarusTechnical University DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - F. Corazza
- Laboratory of Brussels University HospitalsLaboratory of Translational ResearchBrugmann University Hospital, ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - S. Allekotte
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - G. Zadoyan
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - T. Legon
- ASIT biotech s.a.BrusselsBelgium
| | - S. R. Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance GroupAllergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Science DivisionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - M. H. Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance GroupAllergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Science DivisionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
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The molecular allergology of subtropical grass pollen. Mol Immunol 2018; 100:126-135. [PMID: 29778490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Grass pollens are amongst the most important aeroallergen sources world-wide triggering allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma in sensitised patients. Much of what we know about the allergen components of grasses is informed by research on pollen of temperate (Pooideae) species that are abundant in the temperate climate zones. However, climate changes are altering the biogeographical distribution as well as timing and allergenicity of grass pollens. This provides an impetus for better understanding of the contribution of subtropical subfamilies of grasses to pollen allergy globally. Pollen of Chloridoideae (e.g. Cynodon dactylon; Bermuda grass) and Panicoideae (e.g. Paspalum notatum; Bahia grass or Sorghum halepense; Johnson grass) subfamilies are clinically important in subtropical zones of Australia, Asia, India, Africa, and America. These grasses differ ecologically and phylogenetically from temperate grasses and, importantly their allergen composition is qualitatively different. For example, subtropical grass pollens appear to lack the major group 5 grass pollen allergen family. In this review we summarize current knowledge of the epidemiology and immunology of subtropical Chloridoideae and Pancoideae pollen allergens, describe the biochemical characteristics of known isoforms and variants as well as properties and structures of subtropical pollen allergen components. Whilst only one subtropical allergen component; Cyn d 1 of Bermuda grass pollen, is available commercially for diagnostic use, in a natural purified form, a number of allergens of Panicoideae grass pollen; Zea m 1, Zea m 3 and Zea m 13 of maize, Pas n 1 and Pas n 13 of Bahia, as well as Sor h 1, Sor h 2, Sor h 13 and Sor h 23 of Johnson grass, have been discovered. Research effort is directed towards making available subtropical grass pollen allergen components as innovative treatment and diagnostic options that more specifically address the needs of patients from warmer regions of the globe.
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Mösges R, Kasche EM, Raskopf E, Singh J, Sohlich L, Astvatsatourov A, Shah-Hosseini K, Pirotton S, Haazen L, Durham SR, Legon T, Zadoyan G, Shamji MH. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial with Lolium perenne peptide immunotherapy. Allergy 2018; 73:896-904. [PMID: 29150857 PMCID: PMC5947135 DOI: 10.1111/all.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background A novel subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy formulation (gpASIT+™) containing Lolium perenne peptides (LPP) and having a short up‐dosing phase has been developed to treat grass pollen–induced seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. We investigated peptide immunotherapy containing the hydrolysate from perennial ryegrass allergens for the optimum dose in terms of clinical efficacy, immunogenicity and safety. Methods This prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase IIb, parallel, four‐arm, dose‐finding study randomized 198 grass pollen–allergic adults to receive placebo or cumulative doses of 70, 170 or 370 μg LPP. All patients received weekly subcutaneous injections, with the active treatment groups reaching assigned doses within 2, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. Efficacy was assessed by comparing conjunctival provocation test (CPT) reactions at baseline, after 4 weeks and after completion. Grass pollen–specific immunoglobulins were analysed before and after treatment. Results Conjunctival provocation test (CPT) response thresholds improved from baseline to V7 by at least one concentration step in 51.2% (170 μg; P = .023), 46.3% (370 μg), and 38.6% (70 μg) of patients receiving LPP vs 25.6% of patients receiving placebo (modified per‐protocol set). Also, 39% of patients in the 170‐μg group became nonreactive to CPT vs 18% in the placebo group. Facilitated allergen‐binding assays revealed a highly significant (P < .001) dose‐dependent reduction in IgE allergen binding across all treatment groups (70 μg: 17.1%; 170 μg: 18.8%; 370 μg: 26.4%). Specific IgG4 levels increased to 1.6‐fold (70 μg), 3.1‐fold (170 μg) and 3.9‐fold (370 μg) (mPP). Conclusion Three‐week immunotherapy with 170 μg LPP reduced CPT reactivity significantly and increased protective specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Mösges
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE); Faculty of Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- CRI - Clinical Research International Limited; Hamburg Germany
| | - E. M. Kasche
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE); Faculty of Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Lübeck Germany
| | - E. Raskopf
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE); Faculty of Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - J. Singh
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE); Faculty of Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - L. Sohlich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE); Faculty of Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - A. Astvatsatourov
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE); Faculty of Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - K. Shah-Hosseini
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE); Faculty of Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | | | | | - S. R. Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Inflammation, Repair and Development National Heart & Lung Institute; Imperial College London; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; London United Kingdom
| | - T. Legon
- ASIT Biotech s.a.; Brussels Belgium
| | - G. Zadoyan
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE); Faculty of Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - M. H. Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Inflammation, Repair and Development National Heart & Lung Institute; Imperial College London; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; London United Kingdom
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30
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Wise SK, Lin SY, Toskala E, Orlandi RR, Akdis CA, Alt JA, Azar A, Baroody FM, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Chacko T, Cingi C, Ciprandi G, Corey J, Cox LS, Creticos PS, Custovic A, Damask C, DeConde A, DelGaudio JM, Ebert CS, Eloy JA, Flanagan CE, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Gosepath J, Halderman A, Hamilton RG, Hoffman HJ, Hohlfeld JM, Houser SM, Hwang PH, Incorvaia C, Jarvis D, Khalid AN, Kilpeläinen M, Kingdom TT, Krouse H, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lee SE, Levy JM, Luong AU, Marple BF, McCoul ED, McMains KC, Melén E, Mims JW, Moscato G, Mullol J, Nelson HS, Patadia M, Pawankar R, Pfaar O, Platt MP, Reisacher W, Rondón C, Rudmik L, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Settipane RA, Sharma HP, Sheikh A, Smith TL, Tantilipikorn P, Tversky JR, Veling MC, Wang DY, Westman M, Wickman M, Zacharek M. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:108-352. [PMID: 29438602 PMCID: PMC7286723 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR. CONCLUSION This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Allergy/Asthma, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Switzerland
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cemal Cingi
- Otolaryngology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam DeConde
- Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Gosepath
- Otorhinolaryngology, Helios Kliniken Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jens M. Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Airway Research Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber U. Luong
- Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erik Melén
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otolaryngology, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Rhinology/Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | - Carmen Rondón
- Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Spain
| | - Luke Rudmik
- Otolaryngology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, Spain
| | | | | | - Hemant P. Sharma
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Božičević A, De Mieri M, Nassenstein C, Wiegand S, Hamburger M. Secondary Metabolites in Allergic Plant Pollen Samples Modulate Afferent Neurons and Murine Tracheal Rings. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2953-2961. [PMID: 29112407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant pollens are strong airborne elicitors of asthma. Their proteinaceous allergens have been studied intensively, but little is known about a possible contribution of pollen secondary metabolites to the nonallergic exacerbation of asthma. Pollen samples originating from 30 plant species were analyzed by HPLC coupled to PDA, ESIMS, and ELSD detectors and off-line NMR spectroscopy. Polyamine conjugates, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones were identified. Polyamine conjugates were characteristic of all Asteraceae species. The presence of sesquiterpene lactones in Asteraceae pollen varied between species and pollen lots. All plant pollen, including those from non-Asteraceae species, contained to some extent electrophiles as determined by their reaction with N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Selected pollen extracts and pure compounds were tested in murine afferent neurons and in murine tracheal preparations. Tetrahydrofuran extracts of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia psilostachya pollen and a mixture of sesquiterpene lactones coronopilin/parthenin increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in 15%, 32%, and 37% of cinnamaldehyde-responsive neurons, respectively. In organ bath experiments, only the sesquiterpene lactones tested induced a weak dilatation of naïve tracheas and strongly lowered the maximal methacholine-induced tracheal constriction. A tetrahydrofuran extract of A. psilostachya and coronopilin/parthenin led to a time-dependent relaxation of the methacholine-preconstricted trachea. These results provide the first evidence for a potential role of pollen secondary metabolites in the modulation of the tracheal tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Božičević
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria De Mieri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Nassenstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University , Aulweg 123, D-35385 Giessen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL) , Aulweg 130, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Wiegand
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University , Aulweg 123, D-35385 Giessen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL) , Aulweg 130, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Al-Soqeer AA, Alsubaie QD, Motawei MI, Mousa HM, Abdel-Salam AM. Isolation and identification of allergens and biogenic amines of Prosopis juliflora genotypes. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Pfaar O, Hohlfeld JM, Al-Kadah B, Hauswald B, Homey B, Hunzelmann N, Schliemann S, Velling P, Worm M, Klimek L. Dose-response relationship of a new Timothy grass pollen allergoid in comparison with a 6-grass pollen allergoid. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1445-1455. [PMID: 28696503 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy with grass pollen allergoids has been proven to be effective and safe in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Based on the extensive cross-reactivity among Pooideae species, it has been suggested that grass pollen extracts could be prepared from a single species, rather than from a multiple species mixture. OBJECTIVE To find the optimal dose of a Phleum pratense (P. pratense) allergoid preparation and compare its efficacy and safety to a 6-grass pollen allergoid preparation. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study (EudraCT: 2011-000674-58), three doses of P. pratense allergoid (1800 therapeutic units (TU), standard-dose 6000 TU and 18 000 TU) were compared with placebo and the marketed 6-grass pollen allergoid (6000 TU). In a pre-seasonal dosing regimen, 102 patients were randomized to five treatment groups and received nine subcutaneous injections. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in weal size (late-phase reaction [LPR]) in response to the intracutaneous testing (ICT) before and after treatment, comparing the active allergoids to placebo. Secondary outcomes were the change in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) assessed in the allergen exposure chamber (AEC), the changes in P. pratense-serum-specific IgG4 and the incidence of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS All three doses of the P. pratense and the 6-grass pollen allergoid preparations were significantly superior to placebo for the primary outcome, whereas there were no significant differences in the change in TNSS. Compared to the standard-dose, the high-dose of P. pratense did not produce any additional significant benefit, but showed a slight increase in AEs. Yet this increase in AEs was lower than for the 6-grass pollen preparation. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE The standard-dose of the new P. pratense allergoid was comparable to the marketed 6-grass pollen preparation at equal dose for the parameters measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - J M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM; Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Al-Kadah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - B Hauswald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N Hunzelmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Schliemann
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - P Velling
- Medical Care Centre of Evangelical Chest Clinic Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Campus Mitte, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Ellis AK, Frankish CW, O'Hehir RE, Armstrong K, Steacy L, Larché M, Hafner RP. Treatment with grass allergen peptides improves symptoms of grass pollen–induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:486-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Park KH, Son YW, Lee SC, Jeong K, Sim DW, Park HJ, Lee S, Lee JH, Park JW. Clinical Significance of Component Allergens in Fagales Pollen-Sensitized Peanut Allergy in Korea. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016; 8:505-11. [PMID: 27582401 PMCID: PMC5011050 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.6.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical features of peanut allergy can range from localized to systemic reactions. Because peanut and birch pollen have cross-reactivity, peanut can lead to localized allergic reaction in Fagales pollen-sensitized oral allergy syndrome (OAS) patients without peanut sensitization per se. The purpose of this study was to discriminate true peanut food allergy from cross-reactive hypersensitivity in birch-sensitized peanut allergy. METHODS Birch-sensitized (n=81) and peanut anaphylaxis patients (n=12) were enrolled. Peanut-related allergic reactions and sensitization profiles were examined. Specific IgE to Fagales tree pollens (birch, oak), peanut, and their component allergens (Bet v 1, Bet v 2, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, Ara h 8, and Ara h 9) were evaluated. Based on these specific IgEs and clinical features, the patients were classified into 4 groups: group 1 (Fagales pollen allergy without OAS), group 2 (Fagales pollen allergy with OAS), group 3 (OAS with peanut anaphylaxis), and group 4 (peanut anaphylaxis). RESULTS After peanut consumption, one-third of OAS patients experienced oral symptoms not associated with peanut sensitization. Ara h 1 or Ara h 2 was positive in peanut anaphylaxis patients, whereas Ara h 8 was positive in OAS patients. There were 4 patients with both peanut anaphylaxis and OAS (group 3). Both Ara h 2 and Ara h 8 were positive in these patients. Foods associated with OAS in Korea showed unique patterns compared to Westernized countries. CONCLUSIONS Ara h 2 and Ara h 8 may be important component allergens for discriminating peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Woong Son
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunguk Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Da Woon Sim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Won Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Westernberg L, Schulten V, Greenbaum JA, Natali S, Tripple V, McKinney DM, Frazier A, Hofer H, Wallner M, Sallusto F, Sette A, Peters B. T-cell epitope conservation across allergen species is a major determinant of immunogenicity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:571-578.e7. [PMID: 26883464 PMCID: PMC4975972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pollen allergies are frequently polysensitized. Pollens contain epitopes that are conserved across multiple species. OBJECTIVE We sought to demonstrate that cross-reactive T cells that recognize conserved epitopes show higher levels of expansion than T cells recognizing monospecific epitopes because of more frequent stimulation. METHOD RNA was sequenced from 9 pollens, and the reads were assembled de novo into more than 50,000 transcripts. T-cell epitopes from timothy grass (Phleum pratense) were examined for conservation in these transcripts, and this was correlated to their ability to induce T-cell responses. T cells were expanded in vitro with P pratense-derived peptides and tested for cross-reactivity to pollen extracts in ELISpot assays. RESULTS We found that antigenic proteins are more conserved than nonimmunogenic proteins in P pratense pollen. Additionally, P pratense epitopes that were highly conserved across pollens elicited more T-cell responses in donors with grass allergy than less conserved epitopes. Moreover, conservation of a P pratense peptide at the transcriptomic level correlated with the ability of that peptide to trigger T cells that were cross-reactive with other non-P pratense pollen extracts. CONCLUSION We found a correlation between conservation of peptides in plant pollens and their T-cell immunogenicity within P pratense, as well as their ability to induce cross-reactive T-cell responses. T cells recognizing conserved epitopes might be more prominent because they can be stimulated by a broader range of pollens and thereby drive polysensitization in allergic donors. We propose that conserved peptides could potentially be used in diagnostic or immunomodulatory approaches that address the issue of polysensitization and target multiple pollen allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Natali
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - April Frazier
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Heidi Hofer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Wallner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif.
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Aeroallergens in West Crete, Greece: A five year (2010–2014) aerobiological study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:1943-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-3973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cariñanos P, Adinolfi C, Díaz de la Guardia C, De Linares C, Casares-Porcel M. Characterization of Allergen Emission Sources in Urban Areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:244-52. [PMID: 26828180 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.02.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollen released by urban flora-a major contributor to airborne allergen content during the pollen season-has a considerable adverse impact on human health. Using aerobiological techniques to sample and characterize airborne biological particulate matter (BPM), we can identify the main species contributing to the pollen spectrum and chart variations in counts and overall pollen dynamics throughout the year. However, given the exponential increase in the number of pollen allergy sufferers in built-up areas, new strategies are required to improve the biological quality of urban air. This paper reports on a novel characterization of the potential allergenicity of the tree species most commonly used as ornamentals in Mediterranean cities. Values were assigned to each species based on a number of intrinsic features including pollination strategy, pollen season duration, and allergenic capacity as reported in the specialist literature. Findings were used to generate a database in which groups of conifers, broadleaves, and palm trees were assigned a value of between 0 and 36, enabling their allergenicity to be rated as nil, low, moderate, high, or very high. The case study presented here focuses on the city of Granada in southern Spain. The major airborne-pollen-producing species were identified and the allergenicity of species growing in urban green zones was estimated. Corrective measures are proposed to prevent high allergen levels and thus improve biological air quality.
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Moreira PFDS, Gangl K, Vieira FDAM, Ynoue LH, Linhart B, Flicker S, Fiebig H, Swoboda I, Focke-Tejkl M, Taketomi EA, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Allergen Microarray Indicates Pooideae Sensitization in Brazilian Grass Pollen Allergic Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128402. [PMID: 26067084 PMCID: PMC4465745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grass pollen, in particular from Lolium multiflorum is a major allergen source in temperate climate zones of Southern Brazil. The IgE sensitization profile of Brazilian grass pollen allergic patients to individual allergen molecules has not been analyzed yet. Objective To analyze the IgE sensitization profile of a Brazilian grass pollen allergic population using individual allergen molecules. Methods We analyzed sera from 78 grass pollen allergic patients for the presence of IgE antibodies specific for 103 purified micro-arrayed natural and recombinant allergens by chip technology. IgE-ELISA inhibition experiments with Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense extracts and a recombinant fusion protein consisting of Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5 and Phl p 6 were performed to investigate cross-reactivities. Results Within the Brazilian grass pollen allergic patients, the most frequently recognized allergens were Phl p 1 (95%), Phl p 5 (82%), Phl p 2 (76%) followed by Phl p 4 (64%), Phl p 6 (45%), Phl p 11 (18%) and Phl p 12 (18%). Most patients were sensitized only to grass pollen allergens but not to allergens from other sources. A high degree of IgE cross-reactivity between Phleum pratense, Lolium multiflorum and the recombinant timothy grass fusion protein was found. Conclusions Component-resolved analysis of sera from Brazilian grass pollen allergic patients reveals an IgE recognition profile compatible with a typical Pooideae sensitization. The high degree of cross-reactivity between Phleum pratense and Lolium multiflorum allergens suggests that diagnosis and immunotherapy can be achieved with timothy grass pollen allergens in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferreira de Sousa Moreira
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Leandro Hideki Ynoue
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ines Swoboda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernesto Akio Taketomi
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tseng VL, Lee GY, Shaikh Y, Yu F, Coleman AL. The association between glaucoma and immunoglobulin E antibody response to indoor allergens. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159:986-93.e1. [PMID: 25703477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between sensitization to indoor allergens and glaucoma in participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS This study examined the association between serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels for a panel of common indoor allergens and glaucoma for 2005-2006 NHANES participants. The exposures of interest were serum IgE levels to a panel of common indoor allergens. The outcome of interest was a clinical diagnosis of glaucoma based on the Rotterdam criteria. Logistic regression modeling was performed to assess the association between each type of IgE and glaucoma, while controlling for age, ethnicity, and steroid use. All estimates were weighted based on the multistage NHANES sampling design. RESULTS Among a weighted total of 83 308 318 participants, the overall prevalence of glaucoma was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8%, 3.6%). The majority of patients were non-Hispanic white (n = 10 547 654; 77.1%). The American dust mite antigen had the highest proportion of participants with positive IgE values (n = 12 093 038; 14.5%). In the full model including all allergen-specific IgE subtypes as predictors, there were statistically significant associations between IgE subtypes and glaucoma for the cockroach (odds ratio [OR] = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.34, 5.76), cat (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.10, 10.67), and dog (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.96) antigens. CONCLUSIONS In NHANES, participants with glaucoma had significantly higher odds of sensitization to the cockroach and cat allergens compared to those without glaucoma. These findings indicate the need for further research to elucidate the role of chronic indoor allergen exposure in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Tseng
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gina Y Lee
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yahya Shaikh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fei Yu
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anne L Coleman
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.
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Archila LD, DeLong JH, Wambre E, James EA, Robinson DM, Kwok WW. Grass-specific CD4(+) T-cells exhibit varying degrees of cross-reactivity, implications for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:986-98. [PMID: 24708411 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conceptually, allergic responses may involve cross-reactivity by antibodies or T-cells. While IgE cross-reactivity among grass-pollen allergens has been observed, cross-reactivity at the allergen-specific T-cell level has been less documented. Identification of the patterns of cross-reactivity may improve our understanding, allowing optimization of better immunotherapy strategies. OBJECTIVES We use Phleum pratense as model for the studying of cross-reactivity at the allergen-specific CD4(+) T cell level among DR04:01 restricted Pooideae grass-pollen T-cell epitopes. METHODS After in vitro culture of blood mono-nucleated cells from grass-pollen-allergic subjects with specific Pooideae antigenic epitopes, dual tetramer staining with APC-labelled DR04:01/Phleum pratense tetramers and PE-labelled DR04:01/Pooideae grass homolog tetramers was assessed to identify cross-reactivity among allergen-specific DR04:01-restricted T-cells in six subjects. Direct ex vivo staining enabled the comparison of frequency and phenotype of different Pooideae grass-pollen reactive T-cells. Intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays were also used to examine phenotypes of these T-cells. RESULTS T-cells with various degrees of cross-reactive profiles could be detected. Poa p 1 97-116 , Lol p 1 221-240 , Lol p 5a 199-218 , and Poa p 5a 199-218 were identified as minimally cross-reactive T-cell epitopes that do not show cross-reactivity to Phl p 1 and Phl p 5a epitopes. Ex vivo tetramer staining assays demonstrated T-cells that recognized these minimally cross-reactive T-cell epitopes are present in Grass-pollen-allergic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that not all Pooideae grass epitopes with sequence homology are cross-reactive. Non-cross-reactive T-cells with comparable frequency, phenotype and functionality to Phl p-specific T-cells suggest that a multiple allergen system should be considered for immunotherapy instead of a mono-allergen system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Archila
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Chein-Soo Hong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Responsiveness to timothy grass pollen in individuals without known natural exposure in an allergen challenge chamber. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 114:226-32. [PMID: 25532737 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The responsiveness to a nonendemic grass species is unknown and cannot be research without an allergen challenge chamber. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical responsiveness to timothy grass pollen (TGP) in participants without known natural exposure in an allergen challenge chamber (ACC). METHODS Of the 26 screened participants, 22 met screening criteria and completed the 2 chamber exposures. The study consisted of an initial screening visit that included a blood draw for serum specific IgE (ssIGE) to Bermuda grass pollen and TGP followed by a 4½-day run-in phase and two 3-hour ACC exposure visits. This study was performed early in the first week of December 2013, when no seasonal pollens were detected in San Antonio, Texas. Symptom scores were recorded at baseline and every 30 minutes. RESULTS Of the 26 screened participants, 22 met the screening criteria and completed the 2 chamber exposures. Thirteen participants had always lived in South Texas without natural exposure, and 9 had previously lived in areas with TGP exposure. All participants tested positive to TGP and Bermuda grass pollen. Twelve and 13 of 22 had positive ssIgE test results to Timothy and Bermuda allergens, respectively, with 11 having positive results for both allergens. There were strong correlations among skin prick test size, a positive ssIgE test result, and high symptoms from TGP exposure. There was little difference in symptoms between those who had lived their entire lives in South Texas and those who had lived elsewhere. CONCLUSION In Texas, where exposure to TGP is minimal, strongly positive SPT and ssIgE test results were predictors of high symptoms to TGP exposure. Never exposed participants in South Texas reacted to TGP similar to those who had previous natural exposure, suggesting that in vivo cross-reactivity may be higher than predicted by prior in vitro data and may allow the use in clinical trials of allergens not endemic to the locale of an ACC.
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Moreno C, Justicia JL, Quiralte J, Moreno-Ancillo Á, Iglesias-Cadarso A, Torrecillas M, Labarta N, García MA, Dávila I. Olive, grass or both? Molecular diagnosis for the allergen immunotherapy selection in polysensitized pollinic patients. Allergy 2014; 69:1357-63. [PMID: 24988991 DOI: 10.1111/all.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grass and olive are the most frequently pollens that induce seasonal allergic rhinitis in Spain. Cross-reactivity due to panallergens shared by them and overlapping pollination complicates the recognition of allergy-causing agents, making it difficult to identify the most appropriate allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to use. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitization pattern to major grass and olive pollen allergens using component-resolved diagnostics in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and positive skin prick test to grass and olive pollens and evaluate how knowledge of the sensitization patterns might influence AIT prescription. METHODS After informed written consent, a total of 1263 patients were recruited. A serum determination of specific IgE levels to Ole e 1 and Phl p 1 + 5 was performed to all patients. A comparison was made before and after obtaining the specific IgE results, and differences in diagnosis were stated. RESULTS At the 0.35 kU/l cut-off point, 71.2% of patients were positive to Ole e 1 and Phl p 1 + 5, 14% were positive only to Phl p 1 + 5 and 12% were positive only to Ole e 1. Based on available clinical data and skin prick test results, 922 (73%) patients would have been indicated for a mixture of grass and olive pollens for AIT. In 56.8% of patients, there was non-coincidence in the composition of AIT that would be selected before and after investigators received the in vitro data. CONCLUSION The diagnostic accuracy of the recombinant allergen-specific IgE test could help to improve the selection of specific-allergen immunotherapy in polysensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Moreno
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía; Cordoba Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Torrecillas
- Complejo Universitario Hospitalario de Albacete; Albacete Spain
| | - N. Labarta
- Policlínica Alto Aragón; Hospital San Jorge; Huesca Spain
| | | | - I. Dávila
- Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL); Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
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Wallner M, Pichler U, Ferreira F. Recombinant allergens for pollen immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:1323-38. [PMID: 24283843 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific immunotherapy (IT) represents the only potentially curative therapeutic intervention of allergic diseases capable of suppressing allergy-associated symptoms not only during treatment, but also after its cessation. Presently, IT is performed with allergen extracts, which represent a heterogeneous mixture of allergenic, as well as nonallergenic, compounds of a given allergen source. To overcome many of the problems associated with extract-based IT, strategies based on the use of recombinant allergens or derivatives thereof have been developed. This review focuses on recombinant technologies to produce allergy therapeuticals, especially for allergies caused by tree, grass and weed pollen, as they are among the most prevalent allergic disorders affecting the population of industrialized societies. The reduction of IgE-binding of recombinant allergen derivatives appears to be mandatory to increase the safety profile of vaccine candidates. Moreover, increased immunogenicity is expected to reduce the dosage regimes of the presently cumbersome treatment. In this regard, it has been convincingly demonstrated in animal models that hypoallergenic molecules can be engineered to harbor inherent antiallergenic immunologic properties. Thus, strategies to modulate the allergenic and immunogenic properties of recombinant allergens will be discussed in detail. In recent years, several successful clinical studies using recombinant wild-type or hypoallergens as active ingredients have been published and, currently, novel treatment forms with higher safety and efficacy profiles are under investigation in clinical trials. These recent developments are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wallner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis & Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Asero R, Bellotto E, Ghiani A, Aina R, Villalta D, Citterio S. Concomitant sensitization to ragweed and mugwort pollen: who is who in clinical allergy? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:307-13. [PMID: 25053399 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many areas of Europe, double sensitization to ragweed and mugwort is common, and because of the overlapping flowering periods of the 2 plants, it is not possible to diagnose the primary sensitizing allergen source and hence to determine the proper immunotherapy. OBJECTIVES To elucidate whether double-sensitized patients are cosensitized or cross-sensitized and, in the latter case, to define the primary sensitizer. METHODS Serum samples from 34 patients with late summer respiratory allergy underwent skin prick testing with whole ragweed, and mugwort extracts were analyzed for their reactivity to recombinant Art v 1 and Amb a 1 by ImmunoCAP and then to Amb a 1, Art v 6, and Art v 1 isoforms by a proteomic approach. In double reactors, the primary sensitizing sources were detected by inhibition experiments. RESULTS Serum samples from patients monosensitized to ragweed contained IgE to epitopes specific of all Amb a 1 isoforms. In contrast, serum samples from double reactors found to be primarily sensitized to mugwort reacted to Art v 1 and Art v 6 and cross-reacted to a few Amb a 1 isoforms. Finally, serum samples from double reactors found to be primarily sensitized to ragweed contained IgE reacting to all Amb a 1 isoforms, part of which cross-reacted to Art v 6. We did not find cosensitized patients. CONCLUSION This study found that Art v 6 plays an important role in mugwort allergy and that the cross-reactivity between Art v 6 and Amb a 1 is frequent, bidirectional, and clinically relevant in the area of Milan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellotto
- Dipartimento di Science Ambientali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghiani
- Dipartimento di Science Ambientali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Aina
- Dipartimento di Science Ambientali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Villalta
- Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera, S Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Sandra Citterio
- Dipartimento di Science Ambientali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Gangl K, Niederberger V, Valenta R. Multiple grass mixes as opposed to single grasses for allergen immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1202-16. [PMID: 24152153 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Grass pollen allergy affects approximately 40% of allergic patients. Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is the only allergen-specific and disease-modifying treatment available. Currently available therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of grass pollen allergy are based on natural grass pollen extracts which are either made from pollen of one cross-reactive grass species or from several related grass species. Clinical studies have shown that SCIT performed with timothy grass pollen extract is effective for the treatment of grass pollen allergy. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that recombinant timothy grass pollen allergens contain the majority of relevant epitopes and can be used for SCIT in clinical trials. However, recent in vitro studies have suggested that mixes consisting of allergen extracts from several related grass species may have advantages for SCIT over single allergen extracts. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the disease-relevant allergens in grass pollen allergy, available clinical studies comparing SCIT with allergen extracts from timothy grass or from mixes of several related grass species of the Pooideae subfamily, in vitro cross-reactivity studies performed with natural allergen extracts and recombinant allergens and SCIT studies performed with recombinant timothy grass pollen allergens. In vitro and clinical studies performed with natural allergen extracts reveal no relevant advantages of using multiple grass mixes as opposed to single grass pollen extracts. Several studies analysing the molecular composition of natural allergen extracts and the molecular profile of patients' immune responses after SCIT with allergen extracts indicate that the major limitation for the production of a high quality grass pollen vaccine resides in intrinsic features of natural allergen extracts which can only be overcome with recombinant allergen-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Celakovska J, Bukač J. Food allergy in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis – association with concomitant allergic diseases. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2014.914470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Platt M, Howell S, Sachdeva R, Dumont C. Allergen cross-reactivity in allergic rhinitis and oral-allergy syndrome: a bioinformatic protein sequence analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:559-64. [PMID: 24799331 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical allergy cross-reactivity that is seen with related inhalant allergens or between unrelated inhalant allergens and foods in oral allergy syndrome (OAS) remains poorly understood. The goal of this study is to determine whether clinical cross-reactivity can be identified from primary protein sequences in allergy epitopes and food proteins. METHODS High-throughput analysis was performed by assembling all known allergy epitopes within the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB; http://www.iedb.org) for 5 common species from 5 inhalant allergen subclasses and comparing their protein sequences to each other, as well as to sequences of intact proteins from known cross-reactive foods in the European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) protein database (http://www.uniprot.org) that have been implicated in OAS. Computational methods were employed to allow for exact matching, gaps, and similar amino acids using multiple algorithms. A phylogenetic tree was created to determine evolutionary relationships between cross-reactive epitopes in OAS. RESULTS Twenty-three common inhalant allergens had 4429 unique epitopes; the 19 foods implicated in OAS had 9497 protein sequences. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) algorithm identified interclass and intraclass sequence similarities for the 5 inhalant allergy classes with high similarity for mites, grasses, and trees. Analysis of OAS proteins identified 104 matches to inhalant allergy epitopes that are known to cross-react. The phylogenetic tree displayed relationships that mostly followed organism phylogeny. CONCLUSION Use of primary protein sequences was successful in explaining clinical allergy cross-reactivity. Clinical correlation is needed for use of these epitopes as diagnostic or therapeutic entities for patients with cross-reactive allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Platt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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