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Kim B, Choi S. Nursing Interventions for Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families: A Scoping Review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:312-319. [PMID: 37589960 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and synthesis studies about nursing interventions for children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis and their families. METHODS A scoping review was conducted and described as per PRISMA-ScR via four electronic databases, PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost, evaluating research on nursing interventions for children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and their families. RESULTS Eleven articles were included in the review. Nursing interventions were conducted for children, parents, or both and primarily focused on education, consultation, and management of complications. Outcomes of the interventions showed improvements in atopic dermatitis severity for children and enhanced quality of life for children and their families. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Nursing interventions targeting children and parents have been found to be effective in alleviating the severity of atopic dermatitis in children and improving their quality of life. Despite the increasing prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children, studies on nursing interventions are insufficient and outdated. Future research should focus on providing comprehensive and age-appropriate interventions for children with atopic dermatitis and their families to improve their well-being and overall quality of life.
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Veerman LKM, Willemen AM, Derks SDM, Brouwer-van Dijken AAJ, Sterkenburg PS. The effectiveness of the serious game "Broodles" for siblings of children with intellectual disabilities and/or visual impairment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:336. [PMID: 37198687 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siblings of children with disabilities also need support. However, there are only a few evidence-based interventions for these siblings. The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of a newly developed serious game for young siblings of children with intellectual disability (ID) and/or visual impairment (VI). This serious game is hypothesized to improve sibling's quality of life, adjustment to their brother's or sister's disability, and multiple aspects of psychosocial well-being. METHODS The intervention consists of a serious game called "Broodles" (in Dutch: "Broedels") that helps children to recognize and deal with thoughts, feelings, and difficult situations. The game consists of eight 20-minute levels that all have the same structure with eight game elements. Each level addresses a domain of sibling quality of life and combines animations, mini-documentaries, fun mini-games, and multiple-choice questions. In addition to the game, siblings make a worksheet after playing each level. In order to support the child, the parents or caregivers receive a short brochure with information and tips. The effectiveness of the intervention will be investigated among a sample of 154 children aged 6-9 years and their parents or caregivers, using a two-arm parallel RCT design. The experimental group will play the serious game "Broodles" over a period of 4 weeks, whereas the control group will be placed on a waiting list. Assessments will take place at three time points: pre-test (week 1), post-test (week 5), and follow-up (weeks 12-14). At each timepoint, children and parents will complete several questionnaires on quality of life and different aspects of psychosocial well-being. In addition, children will make drawings to assess the sibling relationship. Next to that, parents and children will answer closed and open-ended questions about the sibling adjustment to their brother or sister's disability. Finally, parents and children will evaluate the serious game through closed and open-ended questions. DISCUSSION This study contributes to the knowledge about sibling interventions and serious games. Additionally, if the serious game is proven to be effective, it will be a readily available, easily accessible, and free of charge intervention for siblings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05376007, registered prospectively on April 21, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K M Veerman
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies; LEARN!; Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, the Netherlands.
| | - Agnes M Willemen
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies; LEARN!; Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne D M Derks
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies; LEARN!; Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paula S Sterkenburg
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies; LEARN!; Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Doorn, Oude Arnhemse Bovenweg 3, 3941 XM, the Netherlands
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Wolff B, Magiati I, Roberts R, Skoss R, Glasson EJ. Psychosocial Interventions and Support Groups for Siblings of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review of Sibling Self-reported Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:143-189. [PMID: 36175605 PMCID: PMC9879846 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Siblings of persons with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) have increased risk of poorer psychosocial functioning. This systematic review evaluated quantitative and qualitative evidence on sibling mental health and wellbeing outcomes following psychosocial interventions and the risk and protective factors associated with post-intervention outcomes. From 2025 identified studies published from 1991 to 2022 across ten databases, 24 studies were included. The largest immediate post-intervention improvements were in self-esteem, social wellbeing and knowledge of NDCs. The most sustained improvements in intervention groups at follow-up periods were in emotional and behavioural adjustment and NDC knowledge. There were positive, but small, differences in favour of the intervention groups on knowledge of NDCs, self-esteem, coping and the sibling relationship as compared to waitlist control groups. Psychosocial interventions for siblings are heterogeneous, and more data, including consideration of unique family circumstances, are needed to improve reporting and replicability, to measure effectiveness and tailor necessary supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Wolff
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Iliana Magiati
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel Skoss
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western, Perth, Australia
| | - Emma J Glasson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Programs to Prepare Siblings for Future Roles to Support Their Brother or Sister with a Neurodevelopmental Disability: a Scoping Review. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 10:47-79. [PMID: 36845576 PMCID: PMC9942034 DOI: 10.1007/s40474-023-00272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To identify and map the characteristics and outcomes of programs designed to prepare siblings for their future roles with their sibling with a neurodevelopmental disability. Recent Findings Existing programs to support siblings of individuals with a neurodevelopmental disability often focus on providing information about neurodevelopmental disabilities, creating a community for siblings to connect with each other, and connecting siblings to resources and services to support them in their roles. Some programs are offered to the whole family with specific sessions for siblings. While these program descriptions are provided in the literature, there is limited understanding about the impacts and outcomes of these programs on siblings of an individual with a neurodevelopmental disability. Summary Fifty-eight articles (published between 1975 and 2020, with > 50% published since 2010) met the inclusion criteria, representing 54 sibling programs from 11 countries. Extracted data represented 1033 (553 females) sibling participants, between 4 and 67 years old. Twenty-seven programs focused on the outcome of knowledge acquisition for the siblings and thirty-one programs focused on the outcome of empowerment for the siblings to teach skills to their sibling with a neurodevelopmental disability. While there is an increasing number of programs for siblings of individuals with a neurodevelopmental disability in the past decade, there is a lack of siblings as co-developers or facilitators. Future research should consider the various roles that siblings can have in programs to address their needs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40474-023-00272-w.
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Vernon-Roberts A, Lopez RN, Lewindon P, Lemberg DA, Bowcock NL, Alex G, Otley A, Jacobson K, Roberts AJ, Evans HM, Gearry RB, Day AS. Assessment of Disease-related Knowledge Among Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their Family Using IBD-KID2: Evaluating Tool Generalizability. JPGN REPORTS 2021; 2:e093. [PMID: 37205959 PMCID: PMC10191511 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their families benefit from improved knowledge of their disease and treatment. Knowledge levels of individual family members are infrequently studied but may identify where education is best directed. We aimed to assess disease-specific knowledge among children with IBD, parents, and siblings, using a validated assessment tool (IBD-KID2), and to establish generalizability of IBD-KID2. Methods Children with IBD and family members were recruited from tertiary IBD clinics in New Zealand, Australia, and Canada. All participants completed IBD-KID2 online at baseline, and the children with IBD again after 2 weeks to assess reliability. Results Participants included 130 children with IBD, 118 mothers, 55 fathers, and 37 siblings. Children with IBD had a mean score of 9.1 (SD 2.9) (maximum 15 points), significantly lower than parents (P < 0.005) and higher than siblings (P < 0.005). Scores of children with IBD were positively associated with current age (P < 0.005), age at diagnosis (P = 0.04) and fathers education level (P = 0.02). Significant score correlations were seen between children with IBD and their mother (P < 0.005) but not father. Sibling scores were not correlated with either parent. Test-retest reliability was high. The cohorts from each country were comparable, and no difference in group scores was seen between countries. Conclusion IBD-KID2 is a generalizable and reliable tool for the assessment of disease and treatment knowledge for children with IBD and their families. Score correlations between parents and children with IBD suggest transfer of knowledge, but sibling knowledge is low and targeted education may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad Vernon-Roberts
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert N Lopez
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Lewindon
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel A Lemberg
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Nerissa L Bowcock
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Alex
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amin J Roberts
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen M Evans
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
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Mitchell AE, Morawska A, Vickers-Jones R, Bruce K. A Systematic Review of Parenting Interventions to Support Siblings of Children with a Chronic Health Condition. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 24:651-667. [PMID: 34184174 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-021-00357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review summarises the parenting intervention literature for parents of children who have a sibling with a chronic health condition, and evaluates intervention efficacy for improving parent (parenting skills, parenting efficacy) and child (emotional and behavioural adjustment, condition knowledge, quality of life) outcomes. Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant papers published in English from inception until May 2020. Reference lists of eligible papers were further searched for relevant articles. Six papers (two controlled trials, four uncontrolled trials) evaluating four separate intervention programs met inclusion criteria. All included parent- and child-focused intervention components. Results showed an overall trend for pre- to post-intervention improvement in children's behavioural and emotional adjustment and health condition knowledge. Few studies examined effects on parent outcomes, and there was no evidence of change on these measures. Overall, results suggest that parenting interventions may help to improve siblings' emotional and behavioural adjustment and condition knowledge; however, all of the interventions combined parent- and child-directed intervention components, making it difficult to determine which intervention elements drive change. Further research is needed to test mechanisms by which parenting interventions may improve outcomes for siblings of children with chronic health conditions, and to establish the efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Raine Vickers-Jones
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kathryn Bruce
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Sheikh R, Patino V, Cengher M, Fiani T, Jones EA. Augmenting Sibling Support with Parent-Sibling Training in Families of Children with Autism. Dev Neurorehabil 2019; 22:542-552. [PMID: 31216913 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2019.1629662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Typically developing (TD) siblings are an important part of the family system, but may show strained relationships in families of children with ASD. Objective: We augmented a sibling support group with parent-sibling training in which parents learned (through instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback) how to prompt and reinforce prosocial behaviors in their TD children. Method: We examined the effects of parent-sibling training on parent and TD sibling behaviors in a multiple baseline across families design. Results: Parent prompting and reinforcement of TD sibling prosocial behaviors increase. TD sibling prosocial behaviors such as sharing with and talking to their sibling with ASD also increased. Broader measures of the sibling relationship showed some improvements. Conclusion: Findings suggest ways to support families of children with ASD with future investigations of parent-sibling training examining longer intervention, all family members' adjustment and relationships, and sibling characteristics that influence response to parent-sibling training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridda Sheikh
- Department of Psychology, Queens College , Queens , NY , USA
| | - Vanessa Patino
- Department of Psychology, Queens College , Queens , NY , USA
| | - Mirela Cengher
- John Hopkins School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute , Columbia , MD , USA
| | - Theresa Fiani
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York , Queens , NY , USA
| | - Emily A Jones
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York , Queens , NY , USA
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Rea KE, Quast LF, Stolz MG, Blount RL. A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Recreation Camp Impact on Families of Children With Chronic Health Conditions. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 44:542-556. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Salman A, Yucelten AD, Sarac E, Saricam MH, Perdahli-Fis N. Impact of psoriasis in the quality of life of children, adolescents and their families: a cross-sectional study. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 93:819-823. [PMID: 30484525 PMCID: PMC6256235 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory disease that impairs quality of life and causes psychological symptoms. Despite the high prevalence of psoriasis in pediatric patients, studies investigating the impact of psoriasis in the quality of life of children, adolescents and families are sparse. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of psoriasis in the quality of life of children and adolescents with psoriasis and their families and to determine depression and anxiety levels of the patients. METHODS A total of 58 patients with psoriasis aged 7-18 years (median age: 11) and a family member of each patient were included in the study. Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI), Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) were used in the study. RESULTS The median PASI score of the patients included in the study was 1.8. The median CDLQI and FDLQI scores in the study groups were 5 and 10, respectively. The median CDI score, STAIC-state and STAIC-trait scores of the patients were 6, 28 and 32.5, respectively. STUDY LIMITATIONS Lack of a control group and patient assessment of disease severity. Relatively mild disease severity of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS Psoriasis has a negative impact in the quality of life of children, adolescents and their families, even in the presence of mild disease. Considering that impairment in quality of life may be associated with psychosocial morbidity, a combined approach with medical therapy, family counseling and quality of life assessment may be beneficial in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andac Salman
- Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine,
Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Deniz Yucelten
- Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine,
Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Sarac
- Department of Dermatology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | | | - Nese Perdahli-Fis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Marmara University
School of Medicine, Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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McKenzie Smith M, Pinto Pereira S, Chan L, Rose C, Shafran R. Impact of Well-being Interventions for Siblings of Children and Young People with a Chronic Physical or Mental Health Condition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2018; 21:246-265. [PMID: 29450764 PMCID: PMC5899110 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-018-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Siblings of children and young people with a chronic illness are at increased risk of poor psychological functioning. A number of studies have attempted to implement and evaluate interventions targeting the psychological well-being of this at-risk group. This systematic review summarises the evidence regarding psychological functioning of siblings following an intervention targeting their well-being. The meta-analysis considered behaviour and knowledge, two of the most frequently studied outcomes. The following databases were used: PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Seventeen studies were eligible to be included in the systematic review and eight in the meta-analysis. Results from the systematic review reflected the inconsistency of intervention evaluations in this area with a high level of heterogeneity and a total of 23 outcomes considered across the 17 included studies. The meta-analysis estimated effect sizes using a standardised mean difference (SMD) approach. Pre-post analysis suggested significant improvement in behavioural outcomes and knowledge of their sibling's health conditions with a SMD of - 0.44 [95% CI (- 0.6, - 0.29); p = 0.000] and 0.69 [(95% CI = 0.42, 0.96); p = 0.000], respectively. The SMD was not significant for behavioural outcomes when considering treatment-control studies. In conclusion, the findings suggest interventions for well-being have a positive effect on the psychological functioning of siblings of children and young people with a chronic illness, but their specificity needs to be established. There is a need for further, more methodologically robust research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi McKenzie Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Snehal Pinto Pereira
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lynette Chan
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Charlotte Rose
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Roz Shafran
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Neville A, Simard M, Hancock K, Rokeach A, Saleh A, Barrera M. The Emotional Experience and Perceived Changes in Siblings of Children With Cancer Reported During a Group Intervention. Oncol Nurs Forum 2016; 43:E188-94. [DOI: 10.1188/16.onf.e188-e194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Safarabadi-Farahani A, Maarefvand M, Biglarian A, Khubchandani J. Effectiveness of a Brief Psychosocial Intervention on Quality of Life of Primary Caregivers of Iranian Children With Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Nurs 2016; 31:e262-70. [PMID: 26860879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer in children has a great impact on primary caregiver quality of life (QOL). OBJECTIVE This study examined the effectiveness of a brief psychosocial intervention (BPI) on QOL of Primary Caregivers of Children with Cancer (PCCCs). METHODS Sixty-five PCCCs participated in a randomized controlled trial in Mahak Hospital and Rehabilitation Complex in Tehran, Iran. A 5-week long BPI (which comprised of counseling sessions and telephone follow-up) was delivered to the intervention group in addition to usual service, while the control group was provided with usual service. Data were collected using the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer-Persian version (CQOLC-P) prior to intervention, post-intervention, and at follow-up (i.e. 30days after the intervention). Repeated measures analysis of variance analysis (ANOVA) was used to evaluate outcomes. RESULTS Majority of the participants were mothers (95%), between ages of 24-47 years (95%) with children between ages of 2-12 years. Most child cancer diagnoses were for brain tumors (n=31) and blood cancers (n=17). Significant improvement was found within the intervention group on QOL (p<0.001) including improvements on subscale measures of mental/emotional burden (p<0.001), disruption (p<0.001), and positive adaptation (p<0.001), compared with the control group over time. There was no difference between the intervention and control groups on the financial subscale measure after intervention (p>0.05). CONCLUSION BPI was an effective strategy to improve the quality of life of PCCCs. Similar interventions can be planned by practitioners to reduce the burden of childhood cancer on PCCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoomeh Maarefvand
- Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akbar Biglarian
- Biostatistics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jagdish Khubchandani
- Department of Physiology and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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13
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Jackson AC, Liang RPT, Frydenberg E, Higgins RO, Murphy BM. Parent education programmes for special health care needs children: a systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:1528-47. [PMID: 27080366 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to examine parent education programmes for families with children with special health care needs, to better design interventions focusing on the psychosocial aspects of living with a child's chronic condition. BACKGROUND Studies of familial coping with children with special health care needs indicate high levels of parenting stress, with families with children with special health care needs at risk of major psychological and social disturbances and financial strain. Despite increased knowledge of the factors affecting children with special health care needs themselves, evidence for the effectiveness of preventative and treatment interventions in the form of parent education programmes remains limited. DESIGN Systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. METHOD Multi database Boolean searches in EBSCO Discovery Services using the search terms 'complex/special health care needs children', 'child/pediatric/congenital heart disease', 'chronic illness (including diabetes, cancer and cystic fibrosis)', 'family coping', 'siblings' AND 'parenting/family support programs' were conducted. RESULTS Analysis of 13 included studies showed evidence for the effectiveness of both mixed-health condition and condition-specific parenting programmes delivered in a variety of modes. Three common core intervention approaches were: use of narrative therapy enabling families to tell their own stories, thus facilitating emotional processing and (co-) construction of meaning; a focus on strengthening protective factors such as enhancing parents' skills in communication, and behavioural management and provision of psycho-education to deepen parents' understanding of their child's condition and associated developmental challenges. CONCLUSION Irrespective of the type of outcome measures used in the studies, the review showed that there were positive gains and improvements across a range of areas of family functioning such as mental health, parenting, communication and problem-solving skills postprogramme. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Identification of what programme characteristics enhance functioning for families with children with special health care needs should encourage the design of effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alun C Jackson
- Heart Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre on Behavioural Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel P-T Liang
- Heart Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica Frydenberg
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary O Higgins
- Heart Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cabrini Centre for Allied Health Research and Education, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara M Murphy
- Heart Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Roberts RM, Ejova A, Giallo R, Strohm K, Lillie ME. Support group programme for siblings of children with special needs: predictors of improved emotional and behavioural functioning. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 38:2063-72. [PMID: 26728633 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A pilot study to identify the predictors of improvement in emotional and behavioural functioning of siblings of children with special needs following participation in SibworkS, a six-week manual-based, cognitive-behavioural group programme. METHOD Data from 36 participants from a recent evaluation of the SibworkS programme was used. Measures were administered pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and three months post-intervention. Treatment effects were measured using change scores for siblings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - Parent Version (SDQ). Seven predictors were analysed: symptom severity of the child with special needs, participant age and gender, sibling birth order, family socio-economic status, participant baseline SDQ score and participant use of additional support services. RESULTS The overall model significantly predicted change in SDQ scores at post-intervention and follow-up (adjusted R(2) = 0.41 and 0.40). At both evaluation points, SDQ change scores were significantly predicted by baseline SDQ score. Furthermore, symptom severity of the child with special needs was a significant predictor at three months post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Poorer emotional and behavioural functioning among participants and symptom severity of the child with special needs were associated with greater intervention effects. These results indicate that SibworkS is likely to be beneficial for siblings who have difficulties adjusting, and siblings of children with more severe special needs. Implications for Rehabilitation Siblings of children with disability are at increased risk of emotional and behavioural difficulties. Sibworks is a manualised group-based intervention for the siblings of children with a disability. Poorer emotional and behavioural functioning among participants and symptom severity of the child with special needs were associated with greater intervention effects. SibworkS is likely to be beneficial for siblings who have difficulties adjusting and siblings of children with more severe disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Roberts
- a School of Psychology , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Anastasia Ejova
- b Faculty of Social Studies, Institute for Research of Children, Youth and Family , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- c Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Victoria , Australia
| | | | - Meredith E Lillie
- a School of Psychology , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
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Roberts RM, Ejova A, Giallo R, Strohm K, Lillie M, Fuss B. A controlled trial of the SibworkS group program for siblings of children with special needs. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 43-44:21-31. [PMID: 26151440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Siblings of children with a disability are an at risk group for emotional and behavioral problems. This study evaluated an intervention to promote the emotional and behavioral functioning of siblings of children with disabilities and chronic health conditions. SibworkS is a six-week manual-based, cognitive-behavioral group support program focussed on strengthening siblings' perceived social support, self-esteem, problem-solving skills, adaptive coping behaviors and positive sibling relationships. Fifty-six children aged 7-12 were allocated to either the SibworkS program (n=30) or waitlist control (n=26) in alternating sequence. The primary outcome was siblings' emotional and behavioral functioning. Additional outcomes were self-esteem, perceived social support, the sibling relationship and coping behaviors. Siblings were followed-up immediately after the intervention and at 3-months. Siblings participating in the SibworkS intervention were reported to have fewer emotional and behavioral difficulties than siblings in the control group immediately following the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up. Participation in SibworkS was associated with fewer emotional and behavioral difficulties for siblings. Implications for practice and future research include recommendations for improving program participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Ejova
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Research of Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Belinda Fuss
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Incledon E, Williams L, Hazell T, Heard TR, Flowers A, Hiscock H. A review of factors associated with mental health in siblings of children with chronic illness. J Child Health Care 2015; 19:182-94. [PMID: 24270987 DOI: 10.1177/1367493513503584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on modifiable factors associated with mental health in siblings of children with chronic illness. Three clinical databases were searched. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Several key themes emerged from the review. Better sibling mental health was associated with camp attendance, perceived parent/peer support, illness education and enhancing control through cognitive coping strategies and routine. Parental and sibling psychoeducation interventions and social support may enhance children's mental health when their sibling has a chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trevor Hazell
- Hunter Institute of Mental Health, Australia; University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Todd R Heard
- Hunter Institute of Mental Health, Australia; University of Newcastle, Australia
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Williams PD, Piamjariyakul U, Shanberg R, Williams AR. Monitoring and Alleviation of Symptom Occurrence and Severity Among Thai Children and Adolescents During Cancer Treatments. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2015; 32:417-28. [PMID: 25616370 DOI: 10.1177/1043454214563754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptom monitoring and alleviation are important during pediatric cancer treatments. AIMS To examine the use of the Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist for Children (TRSC-C; Thai version) for reported occurrence, severity, and management of treatment-related symptoms within a cohort of Thai pediatric oncology patients/parents METHOD Cross-sectional study; convenience sample: 100 parents of 71 male children/29 females, 63% with leukemia, 37%, other diagnoses; age-groups: <5 years, n = 33; 5 to 11 years, n = 44; 12 to 17 years, n = 25. Parents reported children's symptom occurrence/severity on the TRSC-C; and complementary care methods on the Symptom Alleviation: Self-Care Methods and their symptom alleviation methods. All tools had good psychometric properties. RESULTS 18 symptoms on the 30-item TRSC-C occurred in 42% to 95% of children. Mean severity of symptoms was between 1.0 ("a bit") and 2.0 ("quite a bit"); 5-month to 11-year-old children had higher (worse) TRSC-C total scores. Complementary care was used and reported. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of multiple symptoms with the TRSC-C and parental symptom alleviation helped children. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Thai parents/patients need and accept assistance in monitoring/managing side effects of pediatric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel Shanberg
- University of Chicago, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arthur R Williams
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA George Mason University, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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Waite-Jones JM, Madill A. Amplified ambivalence: having a sibling with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Psychol Health 2014; 23:477-92. [PMID: 25160580 DOI: 10.1080/14768320701299906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased awareness of family responses to chronic illness and disability, there is still a need to understand experiences of well siblings. We begin to address this issue by asking, 'What is it like to have a sibling with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?' (JIA). Eight families with an adolescent diagnosed with JIA participated. Four members of each family, including one healthy sibling, were interviewed and transcripts analyzed using grounded theory. Analysis suggests healthy siblings see their family as different to 'normal' families, forfeit time with peers, share vicariously adverse experiences of their ill sibling, and feel inadequately informed. Such experiences amplify the ambivalent nature of sibling relationships and are possibly felt most strongly during late childhood and early adolescence. Support from extended family can reduce these negative experiences and facilitate social and emotional adjustment which also occurs over time as the children mature. These findings have implications for healthcare professionals and voluntary organizations.
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Intervention and Support for Siblings of Youth with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2014; 18:1-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-014-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hartling L, Milne A, Tjosvold L, Wrightson D, Gallivan J, Newton AS. A systematic review of interventions to support siblings of children with chronic illness or disability. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50:E26-38. [PMID: 20598075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chronic illness or disability in children can have a deleterious effect on the psychosocial health of well siblings. This systematic review synthesised evidence from studies evaluating sibling-oriented care aimed at improving behavioural and emotional outcomes in well siblings of children with chronic illness or disability. METHODS Twenty electronic databases were searched. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality were performed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Five controlled and nine uncontrolled studies were included. In higher-quality controlled trials, benefits of sibling-oriented care included reduced anxiety, improved mood and behavioural adjustment; however, these findings were not consistently demonstrated across studies. Study differences made it difficult to determine which sibling care features were most salient. CONCLUSIONS Study findings highlight the potential for enhancing emotional and behavioural outcomes in well siblings. Future evaluations need to clearly identify the intended purpose of the care (what improvements are intended) and which types of siblings are most likely to benefit. This approach may yield more consistent and clinically important results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hartling
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Patients as Partners, Division of Quality & Service Improvement, Alberta Health Services and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Williams PD, Williams KA, Williams AR. Parental caregiving of children with cancer and family impact, economic burden: nursing perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 37:39-60. [PMID: 24261317 DOI: 10.3109/01460862.2013.855843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cancer diagnoses affect the entire family: parents, well siblings, the ill child, and others. The objective of this study was to review nursing studies on parental caregiving of children with cancer, family impact, and costs. The study used inclusion/exclusion criteria and family systems theory, self/dependent-care, and symptom management (monitoring, alleviation) concepts. Regarding "levels of evidence," 3 studies were Level II; 7 were Level IV; 7 were Level VI; 1 review was Level V and the second was Level I. Of 19 studies: 11 were qualitative; 4, quantitative; 2 were mixed methods. Content analysis themes were: Parental caregiving and family impact, economic burden. Conclusions were that (a) qualitative studies are predominant; findings supported quantitative findings; (b) quantitative nursing studies are less common: found one longitudinal, randomized controlled trial (RCT) focused on outcomes of an intervention for well siblings and parents, implemented by Clinical Nurse Specialists, CNSs; (c) few quantitative studies with large samples were found, especially ones with theoretical models of the family system and measures of illness impact on families; and (d) "mixed methods" longitudinal nursing research is illustrated. There is a need for "evidence-based" practice (EBP) nursing studies of interventions focused on parent education/support/assistance; respite care, and increasing family/well sibling knowledge/other information on the child's illness.
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Goudie A, Havercamp S, Jamieson B, Sahr T. Assessing functional impairment in siblings living with children with disability. Pediatrics 2013; 132:e476-83. [PMID: 23897909 PMCID: PMC4258644 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to empirically test if siblings of children with disability had higher levels of parent-reported behavioral and emotional functional impairment compared with a peer group of siblings residing with only typically developing children. METHODS This was a retrospective secondary analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We included only households with at least 2 children to ensure sibling relationships. Two groups of siblings were formed: 245 siblings resided in households with a child with disability and 6564 siblings resided in households with typically developing children. Parents responded to questions from the Columbia Impairment Scale to identify functional impairment in their children. RESULTS On the basis of parent reports and after adjusting for sibling demographic characteristics and household background, siblings of children with disability were more likely than siblings residing with typically developing children to have problems with interpersonal relationships, psychopathological functioning, functioning at school, and use of leisure time (P < .05). The percentage of siblings of children with disability classified with significant functional impairment was 16.0% at the first measurement period and 24.2% at the second (P < .001). For siblings of typically developing children there was a smaller percentage increase from 9.5% to 10.3% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Functional impairment is a key indicator for the need of mental health services and, as such, early assessment and interventions to limit increasing severity and short- to long-term consequences need to be addressed. Health care professionals need to consider a family-based health care approach for families raising children with disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Goudie
- Center for Applied Research and Evaluation, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Susan Havercamp
- Nisonger Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Barry Jamieson
- Government Resource Center, Ohio Colleges of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Timothy Sahr
- Government Resource Center, Ohio Colleges of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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Wu YP, Geldhof GJ, Roberts MC, Parikshak S, Amylon MD. Initial Examination of a New Questionnaire Assessing Perceived Social Support in Summer Camp and Home Environments for Children With Cancer and Their Siblings. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2013.753817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li WHC, Chung JOK, Ho EKY. Effectiveness of an adventure-based training programme in promoting the psychological well-being of primary schoolchildren. J Health Psychol 2012; 18:1478-92. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105312465102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the effectiveness of an adventure-based training programme in promoting the psychological well-being of primary schoolchildren. A randomised controlled trial was conducted, with 56 primary school pupils randomly assigned to the experimental group participating in the adventure-based training programme and 64 to the attention placebo control group. Children in the experimental group reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms, lower anxiety levels and higher self-esteem than those in the attention placebo control group. This study provides some evidence that the adventure-based training programme is effective in promoting the psychological well-being of Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva KY Ho
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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26
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McHale SM, Updegraff KA, Whiteman SD. Sibling Relationships and Influences in Childhood and Adolescence. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2012; 74:913-930. [PMID: 24653527 PMCID: PMC3956653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors review the literature on sibling relationships in childhood and adolescence, starting by tracing themes from foundational research and theory and then focusing on empirical research during the past 2 decades. This literature documents siblings' centrality in family life, sources of variation in sibling relationship qualities, and the significance of siblings for child and adolescent development and adjustment. Sibling influences emerge not only in the context of siblings' frequent and often emotionally intense interactions but also by virtue of siblings' role in larger family system dynamics. Although siblings are building blocks of family structure and key players in family dynamics, their role has been relatively neglected by family scholars and by those who study close relationships. Incorporating study of siblings into family research provides novel insights into the operation of families as social and socializing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M McHale
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 601 Oswald, The Pennsylvania State University, University, Park, PA 16801 ( )
| | - Kimberly A Updegraff
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, 951 S. Cady Mall, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Shawn D Whiteman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Hanley Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Williams PD, Ridder EL, Setter RK, Liebergen A, Curry H, Piamjariyakul U, Williams AR. Pediatric chronic illness (cancer, cystic fibrosis) effects on well siblings: parents' voices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:94-113. [PMID: 21992093 DOI: 10.1080/01460860902740990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study is a secondary analysis of data gathered during baseline data collection prior to a cognitive-psychosocial-respite intervention provided in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Content analysis was used to identify themes in parents' responses to an open-ended item about their perceptions of the effects on siblings of having a brother or sister who has either cancer or cystic fibrosis (CF). Of 91 themes tallied in the cancer group (n = 29), 74.5% reflected negative manifestations of increased risk in siblings, 1.1% no risk; and 24.2%, positive outcomes. Of 53 themes tallied in the CF group (n = 15), the same three categories had 67.9 %, 0%, and 32.1%, respectively. Contemporary life in these families portrayed in parents' descriptions not only validate the rationale for the RCT done, but also suggest the need in ambulatory pediatrics for intervention research on these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Dauz Williams
- University of Kansas School of Nursing, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Prchal A, Graf A, Bergstraesser E, Landolt MA. A two-session psychological intervention for siblings of pediatric cancer patients: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2012; 6:3. [PMID: 22236392 PMCID: PMC3398278 DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-6-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since siblings of pediatric cancer patients are at risk for emotional, behavioral, and social problems, there is considerable interest in development of early psychological interventions. This paper aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a two-session psychological intervention for siblings of newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients. METHODS Thirty siblings age 6-17 years were randomly assigned to an intervention group or an active control group with standard psychosocial care. The manualized intervention provided to siblings in the first 2 months after the cancer diagnosis of the ill child included medical information, promotion of coping skills, and a psychoeducational booklet for parents. At 4 to 6 weeks, 4 months, and 7 months after the diagnosis, all siblings and their parents completed measures (from standardized instruments) of social support, quality of life, medical knowledge, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and anxiety. RESULTS At follow-up siblings in the intervention group showed better psychological well-being, had better medical knowledge, and reported receiving social support from more people. However, the intervention had no effects on posttraumatic stress symptoms and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot trial suggest that a two-session sibling intervention can improve siblings' adjustment, particularly psychological well-being, in the early stage after a cancer diagnosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00296907.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Prchal
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Graf
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bergstraesser
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich Switzerland
| | - Markus A Landolt
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Moyson T, Roeyers H. 'The overall quality of my life as a sibling is all right, but of course, it could always be better'. Quality of life of siblings of children with intellectual disability: the siblings' perspectives. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2012; 56:87-101. [PMID: 21366753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of family quality of life is becoming increasingly important in family support programmes. This concept describes the quality of life of all family members and the family system as a whole, but only the opinion of the parents has been included. The opinion of the siblings has been incorporated in the opinions of the parents, although research has shown that there is discordance between parents' and siblings' reports. The principal goal of this study is to investigate how young siblings of children with intellectual disability define their quality of life as a sibling. METHOD As we were more concerned with understanding the experience of being a sibling from the siblings' own frame of reference, we opted for a qualitative research design and more specifically used in-depth, phenomenology-based interviews. Data were sorted by means of a process of continuously comparing the codes according to the principles of grounded theory. RESULTS Siblings described the following nine domains as domains of sibling quality of life: joint activities, mutual understanding, private time, acceptance, forbearance, trust in well-being, exchanging experiences, social support and dealing with the outside world. CONCLUSIONS This study shows not only that siblings can define their quality of life, but also that this definition of sibling quality of life differs from the family quality of life concept. Therefore, it may be not only a valuable addition to the family quality of life concept but also an appropriate concept to describe siblings' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Moyson
- Research Group Developmental Disorders, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Hexem KR, Bosk AM, Feudtner C. The dynamic system of parental work of care for children with special health care needs: a conceptual model to guide quality improvement efforts. BMC Pediatr 2011; 11:95. [PMID: 22026518 PMCID: PMC3234186 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The work of care for parents of children with complex special health care needs may be increasing, while excessive work demands may erode the quality of care. We sought to summarize knowledge and develop a general conceptual model of the work of care. Methods Systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles that focused on parents of children with special health care needs and addressed factors related to the physical and emotional work of providing care for these children. From the large pool of eligible articles, we selected articles in a randomized sequence, using qualitative techniques to identify the conceptual components of the work of care and their relationship to the family system. Results The work of care for a child with special health care needs occurs within a dynamic system that comprises 5 core components: (1) performance of tasks such as monitoring symptoms or administering treatments, (2) the occurrence of various events and the pursuit of valued outcomes regarding the child's physical health, the parent's mental health, or other attributes of the child or family, (3) operating with available resources and within certain constraints (4) over the passage of time, (5) while mentally representing or depicting the ever-changing situation and detecting possible problems and opportunities. These components interact, some with simple cause-effect relationships and others with more complex interdependencies. Conclusions The work of care affecting the health of children with special health care needs and their families can best be understood, studied, and managed as a multilevel complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari R Hexem
- PolicyLab and The Department of Medical Ethics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA, USA
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Predictors of long-term sibling behavioral outcome and self-esteem following pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2011; 27:413-23. [PMID: 21912276 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0b013e3182274162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine predictors of self-esteem and behavioral outcome among siblings of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-nine siblings closest in age to a child who sustained moderate to severe TBI. MEASURES OUTCOME VARIABLES sibling behavior (Child Behavior Checklist-Revised) and self-esteem (The Self-Perception Profile for Children-Global Self-Worth). PREDICTOR VARIABLES social support (The Social Support Scale for Children), knowledge (The Child TBI Knowledge Questionnaire), injured child behavior (Child Behavior Checklist-Revised), injured child adaptive skills (Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II-Practical Component), severity of injury (Glasgow Coma Scale), injured child age at injury, time since injury, family functioning (The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales II - Cohesion Subscale), and socio economic status. RESULTS Significantly reduced self-esteem, but no evidence of behavioral difficulties, were found in siblings of children who had sustained TBI. Sibling self-esteem did not correlate with any other study variables. Behavioral outcome correlated with: sense of social support, knowledge about TBI and injured child behavior. Nevertheless, simultaneous regression analyses revealed that only knowledge about TBI and sense of social support made significant independent contributions to behavioral outcome. CONCLUSIONS Educating uninjured siblings about TBI and raising awareness of their needs in members of their social support network may be important in facilitating sibling behavioral outcome.
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Abstract
This study explored how adolescents receiving haemodialysis for end-stage renal disease were affected by their diagnosis and treatment. A qualitative approach was used, with data collected through individual interviews with 18 adolescents aged 12-20. Data were analysed using content analysis method. Adolescents reported physical, psychological and social problems. Compliance related to diet and fluid restrictions were issues for the adolescents interviewed. Body image problems related to physical limitations and the fistula were described. Their regular school attendance was reduced by the illness and therapy, as were socialization and peer interactions. Adolescents felt different from their friends/peers and had negative feelings about their future. Nurses need to assess each adolescent to determine their responses and take action to assist the adolescents with the many issues they are likely to experience. Parents and siblings, who contribute significantly to the care of adolescents on haemodialysis, also require support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Başkale
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Nursing, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
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Transition to adult care for youth with special health care needs. Paediatr Child Health 2011; 12:785-93. [PMID: 19030468 DOI: 10.1093/pch/12.9.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hancock L. The Camp Experience for Siblings of Pediatric Cancer Patients. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2011; 28:137-42. [DOI: 10.1177/1043454211408102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Siblings of pediatric cancer patients experience difficulties coping and adapting to the experience of a cancer diagnosis. A variety of emotional and behavioral changes as well as somatic complaints have been reported. Children describe many negative changes after their sibling is diagnosed with cancer. Many social supports and therapeutic interventions have been proposed for siblings, one of which is a camp experience. The literature has demonstrated that camps have a positive impact and offer siblings of children with cancer a supportive peer environment. Camp encourages discussion with peers and health care providers and facilitates participation in activities that improve knowledge, social confidence, and self-esteem. Nurses can help siblings by recommending camp experiences, volunteering at camps, and adding a camp experiences to existing sibling support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hancock
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tong A, Lowe A, Sainsbury P, Craig JC. Parental perspectives on caring for a child with chronic kidney disease: an in-depth interview study. Child Care Health Dev 2010; 36:549-57. [PMID: 20412147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) depend on their parents for complex, continuous and intensive support. The study aimed to explore the experiences of parents who have children with CKD. METHODS Parents of 20 children with CKD, recruited from two paediatric hospitals in Australia, participated in an in-depth interview, qualitative study. RESULTS Four major themes were identified: (1) absorbing the clinical environment: parents struggled to accept the diagnosis and permanence of CKD, felt traumatized watching their child undergo invasive clinical procedures, battled to meet appointments, negotiated with staff for their child's needs and felt disempowered; (2) medicalizing parenting: parents became caregivers, a role which was stressful, exhausting and overwhelming. Dialysis was unrelenting and consumed the time, thoughts and energy of parents who felt at fault if their child developed infections and other complications. Parents struggled with their child's psychological problems and episodic aggressive behaviour; (3) disrupting family norms: CKD caused spousal tension, sibling neglect and influenced family planning; (4) coping strategies and support structures: Parents depended on support from their health care providers and valued meeting and learning from other parents of CKD children. Parents also expressed information needs and suggested methods of communicating information. CONCLUSIONS Despite facing profound and pervasive difficulties, parents strived to fulfil their dual parental and health care provider responsibilities. Parents appear to need better support structures to help them cope with the difficulties encountered during all stages of their child's illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tong
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Meyler E, Guerin S, Kiernan G, Breatnach F. Review of family-based psychosocial interventions for childhood cancer. J Pediatr Psychol 2010; 35:1116-32. [PMID: 20444851 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsq032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the findings of a systematic review of family-based psychosocial interventions with pediatric oncology populations. METHODS A number of intervention studies documenting psychosocial interventions for childhood cancer populations, that incorporated multiple family members, were examined. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were identified that met the criteria for inclusion and provided the data necessary for synthesizing the results. Findings illustrate that multiple family members are integrated into interventions for childhood cancer in a number of ways. Considerable variation was observed regarding the family member combinations targeted and the intervention modalities employed. A minority of interventions met the criteria for empirically validated treatments; however, evidence of beneficial outcomes was observed across the majority of interventions reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of family-based psychosocial interventions in pediatric oncology. Recommendations for conducting future intervention studies are provided including the integration of qualitative methods in evaluations of family-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Meyler
- School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Dauz Williams P, Piamjariyakul U, Graff JC, Stanton A, Guthrie AC, Hafeman C, Williams AR. Developmental disabilities: effects on well siblings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 33:39-55. [PMID: 20121579 DOI: 10.3109/01460860903486515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forty studies performed between 1970 and 1995 indicated that 60% of parents with children with developmental disabilities reported manifestations of increased risk or negative effects on the well siblings. METHOD A secondary data analysis was performed using qualitative data gathered during the baseline of a randomized controlled clinical trial of an intervention for siblings/families of children with long-term conditions, including developmental disabilities. Content analysis was used to identify themes from responses of 151 parents to an open-ended question on their perceptions of the effects on well siblings of living at home with a brother/sister with developmental disabilities. RESULTS Of 363 themes identified, 61.1% reflected negative manifestations of increased risk in well siblings; 1.7% indicated no risk; and 37.2% reflected positive outcomes, suggesting the continued need for potential interventions. CONCLUSION Contemporary family life in these families, as portrayed by parents' descriptions, reflects need in child health care for more intervention research on this vulnerable population.
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Prchal A, Landolt MA. Psychological interventions with siblings of pediatric cancer patients: a systematic review. Psychooncology 2009; 18:1241-51. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Branstetter JE, Domian EW, Williams PD, Graff JC, Piamjariyakul U. Communication Themes in Families of Children with Chronic Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 31:171-84. [DOI: 10.1080/01460860802475184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nicholas DB, Williams M, MacLusky IB. Evaluating Group Work within a Summer Camp Intervention for Children and Adolescents with Asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01609510802527425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Canary HE. Creating supportive connections: a decade of research on support for families of children with disabilities. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2008; 23:413-26. [PMID: 18850389 DOI: 10.1080/10410230802342085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Raising a child with disabilities involves balancing a number of challenges, including seeking and gaining support. A synthesis of past research on support for families is needed to map directions for future research. This article reviews the past 10 years of empirical research on formal and informal support for families of children with disabilities. The review includes quantitative and qualitative studies representing several disciplines. Nine focus areas are identified: well-being, resources and socioeconomic factors, culture and minorities, intervention, extended families, siblings, professional support relationships, religion, and policy. Research is synthesized within each of the focus areas and suggestions are provided for future communication research. Dominant theories in existing studies are reviewed with directions for future theory-driven communication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Canary
- Humanities and Arts, Arizona State University, Polytechnic, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
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43
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Chapter Seven Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Sibling Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7750(08)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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Berntsson L, Berg M, Brydolf M, Hellström AL. Adolescents’ experiences of well-being when living with a long-term illness or disability. Scand J Caring Sci 2007; 21:419-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2006.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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La transition des jeunes ayant des besoins particuliers vers les soins pour adultes. Paediatr Child Health 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/12.9.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has suggested that well siblings of children with chronic and life-threatening illnesses are at risk for negative outcomes and that parents' responses to the illnesses can influence the adaptation of well siblings. Yet, parents' efforts to look after well siblings in the context of illness are rarely considered in literature about sibling adaptation. The importance of attending to the needs of well siblings was a major theme to emerge from a qualitative analysis of the experiences of parents of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 parents of adolescent girls with anorexia and analysed using grounded theory method. RESULTS The data indicated that parents viewed caring for well siblings in the context of anorexia as an important role and responsibility. Parents reported making conscious and active efforts to look after well siblings by: maintaining normality; compensating for changes to routines; protecting siblings; providing emotional support; and managing the consequences. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides a picture of the actions parents take to help well siblings adapt to anorexia in the family. Further research is needed to develop and expand this understanding to families experiencing a wide range of chronic and life-threatening illnesses. The findings underline the importance of clinical attention and further research into the critical parental role of caring for well siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Honey
- School of Education, Bankstwon Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Williams AR, Piamjariyakul U, Williams PD, Bruggeman SK, Cabanela RL. Validity of the revised Impact on Family (IOF) scale. J Pediatr 2006; 149:257-61. [PMID: 16887446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess psychometric properties of the revised 15-item Impact on Family (IOF) Scale. STUDY DESIGN A secondary analysis of items using data collected from 252 parents during an earlier randomized clinical trial. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis identified a single factor with factor loadings similar to that of IOF developers. The one factor accounts for 45.7% of the sample variance. An Item Response Theory analysis found that 11 of the 15 items had alpha values greater than 1.00, with good to excellent item characteristic and item information curves. The test information and measurement error curves for the entire IOF were excellent. Construct validity of the IOF also was supported. Parent IOF scores correlated in the expected directions with maternal mood (r = -0.50), sibling behavior problems (r = -0.35), and severity of illness (r = 0.31) and were associated with family socioeconomic status (t = -4.5, all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides independent support for validity and reliability of the revised IOF scale. This scale is a promising, easy-to-use instrument for the measurement of impact of illness and disability on families of children with chronic illness or disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur R Williams
- Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Ganz ML, Tendulkar SA. Mental health care services for children with special health care needs and their family members: prevalence and correlates of unmet needs. Pediatrics 2006; 117:2138-48. [PMID: 16740858 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence and correlates of unmet needs for mental health care services for children with special health care needs and their families. METHODS We use the National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs to estimate the prevalence of unmet mental health care needs among children with special health care needs (1-17 years old) and their families. Using logistic-regression models, we also assess the independent impact of child and family factors on unmet needs. RESULTS Substantial numbers of children with special health care needs and members of their families have unmet needs for mental health care services. Children with special health care needs who were poor, uninsured, and were without a usual source of care were statistically significantly more likely to report that their mental health care needs were unmet. More severely affected children and those with emotional, developmental, or behavioral conditions were also statistically significantly more likely to report that their mental health care needs went unmet. Families of severely affected children or of children with emotional, developmental, or behavioral conditions were also statistically significantly more likely to report that their mental health care needs went unmet. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that children with special health care needs and their families are at risk for not receiving needed mental health care services. Furthermore, we find that children in families of lower socioeconomic status are disproportionately reporting higher rates of unmet needs. These data suggest that broader policies to identify and connect families with needed services are warranted but that child- and family-centered approaches alone will not meet the needs of these children and their families. Other interventions such as anti-poverty and insurance expansion efforts may be needed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Ganz
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Dayan C, Picon I, Scelles R, Bouteyre E. Groupes pour les frères et sœurs d'enfant malade ou handicapé : état de la question. PRAT PSYCHOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Williams PD, Schmideskamp J, Ridder EL, Williams AR. Symptom Monitoring and Dependent Care During Cancer Treatment in Children. Cancer Nurs 2006; 29:188-97. [PMID: 16783117 DOI: 10.1097/00002820-200605000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Symptom monitoring by parents/caregivers of children with cancer and what the caregiver and child did to help alleviate symptoms during chemotherapy were studied. The Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist (TRSC) child version was administered to parents/caregivers of 11 children and adolescents (mean age, 10.4 years; SD, 6.1 years; range, 2-18 years; 45% were boys). The Karnofsky scale was completed by clinicians to rate the child's functional status. The TRSC child version and functional status scores were inversely related. All children experienced nausea; the most frequent symptoms reported were in TRSC subscales: fatigue, nausea, eating, fever, oropharynx, pain, and hair loss. Care strategies that helped were distraction, massage, mouth rinses, and vitamins; some reported that their child received medications for pain, nausea, and vomiting. Using complementary medicine categories, the care strategies were diet/nutrition/lifestyle change (eg, more high-fat, high-calorie foods; new foods; any food the child likes; and much sleep and rest); mind/body control (eg, play, video games, television, reading, activity puzzle, breathing exercises, relaxation methods, and prayer); manual healing method (massage and skin-to-skin contact); and biologic treatments (vitamins). The first 2 categories were the most used. Systematic assessment with a self-report checklist enables the provider to identify and prioritize (according to reported severity) those symptoms needing intervention.
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