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Zou A, Xiao T, Chi B, Wang Y, Mao L, Cai D, Gu Q, Chen Q, Wang Q, Ji Y, Sun L. Engineered Exosomes with Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Overexpression Enhance Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3295-3314. [PMID: 38606373 PMCID: PMC11007405 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s454277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac repair remains a thorny issue for survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), due to the regenerative inertia of myocardial cells. Cell-free therapies, such as exosome transplantation, have become a potential strategy for myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of engineered exosomes in overexpressing Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) (GDF15-EVs) after myocardial injury, and their molecular mechanisms in cardiac repair. Methods H9C2 cells were transfected with GDF-15 lentivirus or negative control. The exosomes secreted from H9C2 cells were collected and identified. The cellular apoptosis and autophagy of H2O2-injured H9C2 cells were assessed by Western blotting, TUNEL assay, electron microscopy, CCK-8 and caspase 3/7 assay. A rat model of AMI was constructed by ligating the left anterior descending artery. The anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic effects of GDF15-EVs treatment, as well as ensuing functional and histological recovery were evaluated. Then, mRNA sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs after GDF15-EVs treatment. Results GDF15-EVs inhibited apoptosis and promoted autophagy in H2O2 injured H9C2 cells. GDF15-EVs effectively decreased the infarct area and enhanced the cardiac function in rats with AMI. Moreover, GDF15-EVs hindered inflammatory cell infiltration, inhibited cell apoptosis, and promoted cardiac angiogenesis in rats with AMI. RNA sequence showed that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mRNA was upregulated in GDF15-EVs-treated H9C2 cells. AMPK signaling was activated after GDF15-EVs. Silencing TERT impaired the protective effects of GDF15-EVs on H2O2-injured H9C2 cells. Conclusion GDF15-EVs could fulfil their protective effects against myocardial injury by upregulating the expression of TERT and activating the AMPK signaling pathway. GDF15-EVs might be exploited to design new therapies for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyu Chi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Mao
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dabei Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu J, Wang Q, Zheng Z, Ma L, Guo J, Shi H, Ying R, Gao B, Chen S, Yu S, Yuan B, Peng X, Ge J. MiR-181a protects the heart against myocardial infarction by regulating mitochondrial fission via targeting programmed cell death protein 4. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6638. [PMID: 38503934 PMCID: PMC10951332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death and disability-adjusted life years lost. Recent researches explored new methods of detecting biomarkers that can predict the risk of developing myocardial infarction, which includes identifying genetic markers associated with increased risk. We induced myocardial infarction in mice by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery and performed TTC staining to assess cell death. Next, we performed ChIP assays to measure the enrichment of histone modifications at the promoter regions of key genes involved in mitochondrial fission. We used qPCR and western blot to measure expression levels of relative apoptotic indicators. We report that miR-181a inhibits myocardial ischemia-induced apoptosis and preserves left ventricular function after MI. We show that programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) is the target gene involved in miR-181a-mediated anti-ischemic injury, which enhanced BID recruitment to the mitochondria. In addition, we discovered that p53 inhibits the expression of miR-181a via transcriptional regulation. Here, we discovered for the first time a mitochondrial fission and apoptosis pathway which is controlled by miR-181a and involves PDCD4 and BID. This pathway may be controlled by p53 transcriptionally, and we presume that miR-181a may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic and preventive targets for ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Ying
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Beilei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Siyang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang H, Dhalla NS. The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1082. [PMID: 38256155 PMCID: PMC10817020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being a primary source of global morbidity and mortality, it is crucial that we understand the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms at play. Recently, numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have been linked to several different CVDs, which are now often considered an adversely pro-inflammatory state. These cytokines most notably include interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, amongst others. Not only does inflammation have intricate and complex interactions with pathophysiological processes such as oxidative stress and calcium mishandling, but it also plays a role in the balance between tissue repair and destruction. In this regard, pre-clinical and clinical evidence has clearly demonstrated the involvement and dynamic nature of pro-inflammatory cytokines in many heart conditions; however, the clinical utility of the findings so far remains unclear. Whether these cytokines can serve as markers or risk predictors of disease states or act as potential therapeutic targets, further extensive research is needed to fully understand the complex network of interactions that these molecules encompass in the context of heart disease. This review will highlight the significant advances in our understanding of the contributions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVDs, including ischemic heart disease (atherosclerosis, thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury), cardiac remodeling (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac apoptosis, and heart failure), different cardiomyopathies as well as ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. In addition, this article is focused on discussing the shortcomings in both pathological and therapeutic aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVD that still need to be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Tiwary SK, Hayashi T, Kovacs A, Mann DL. Recurrent Myocardial Injury Leads to Disease Tolerance in a Murine Model of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:783-797. [PMID: 37547073 PMCID: PMC10401155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the innate immune response to an initial episode of cardiac injury has been studied extensively, the response of the immune system to recurrent cardiac tissue injury is not well understood. Specifically, it is not known whether the immune system adapts to the initial episode of cardiac injury and whether any adaptations that occur lead to immune cell hypo-responsiveness or, alternatively, immune cell hyper-responsiveness. Here, we studied the role of adrenergic-mediated stress using a simple model of reversible stress-induced cardiomyopathy, and show that isoproterenol-induced tissue injury and inflammation are sufficient to protect the heart from the myopathic effects of a subsequent exposure to isoproterenol. Remarkably, pharmacological depletion of macrophages partially attenuated the isoproterenol-induced cytoprotective response, suggesting that immune-mediated tissue repair mechanisms confer tolerance to subsequent tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Douglas L. Mann
- Address for correspondence: Dr Douglas L. Mann, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Lin X, Song W, Zhang C, Zhou M, Li J. Reappraising the role of chronic inflammatory burden in heart failure. J Gene Med 2023:e3519. [PMID: 37211702 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome associated with poor quality of life, substantial utilization of health care resources, and premature mortality. It is now considered to be the most urgent unmet medical need in the field of cardiovascular disease. Accumulated evidence suggested that comorbidity-driven inflammation has emerged as a critical component of HF pathogenesis. Although anti-inflammatory therapies have increased in popularity, very few effective treatments are still available. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between chronic inflammation and its impact on HF will facilitate the identification of future therapeutic targets. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted to assess the association between genetic liability for chronic inflammation and HF. By analyzing functional annotations and enrichment data, we were able to identify common pathophysiological mechanisms. RESULTS The present study did not provide evidence for chronic inflammation as the cause of HF and the reliability of the results was enhanced by the other three Mendelian randomization analysis methods. Functional annotations of genes and pathway enrichment analyses have indicated that chronic inflammation and HF share a common pathophysiology. CONCLUSIONS The associations between chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease from observational studies may be explained by shared risk factors and comorbidities rather than direct effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jinyang Community Health Service Center in Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital of Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital of Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Efentakis P, Andreadou I, Iliodromitis KE, Triposkiadis F, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R, Iliodromitis EK. Myocardial Protection and Current Cancer Therapy: Two Opposite Targets with Inevitable Cost. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214121. [PMID: 36430599 PMCID: PMC9696420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is mediated by various ligands, activating different cellular signaling cascades. These include classical cytosolic mediators such as cyclic-GMP (c-GMP), various kinases such as Phosphatydilinositol-3- (PI3K), Protein Kinase B (Akt), Mitogen-Activated-Protein- (MAPK) and AMP-activated (AMPK) kinases, transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and bioactive molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Most of the aforementioned signaling molecules constitute targets of anticancer therapy; as they are also involved in carcinogenesis, most of the current anti-neoplastic drugs lead to concomitant weakening or even complete abrogation of myocardial cell tolerance to ischemic or oxidative stress. Furthermore, many anti-neoplastic drugs may directly induce cardiotoxicity via their pharmacological effects, or indirectly via their cardiovascular side effects. The combination of direct drug cardiotoxicity, indirect cardiovascular side effects and neutralization of the cardioprotective defense mechanisms of the heart by prolonged cancer treatment may induce long-term ventricular dysfunction, or even clinically manifested heart failure. We present a narrative review of three therapeutic interventions, namely VEGF, proteasome and Immune Checkpoint inhibitors, having opposing effects on the same intracellular signal cascades thereby affecting the heart. Moreover, we herein comment on the current guidelines for managing cardiotoxicity in the clinical setting and on the role of cardiovascular confounders in cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4827; Fax: +30-210-727-4747
| | | | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Role of AMPK in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Cell Death in the Presence and Absence of Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7346699. [PMID: 36267813 PMCID: PMC9578802 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7346699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate cell death is the hallmark of cardiac pathology in myocardial infarction and diabetes. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway is considered a putative salvaging phenomenon, plays a decisive role in almost all cellular, metabolic, and survival functions, and therefore entails precise regulation of its activity. AMPK regulates various programmed cell death depending on the stimuli and context, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. There is substantial evidence suggesting that AMPK is down-regulated in cardiac tissues of animals and humans with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome compared to non-diabetic control and that stimulation of AMPK (physiological or pharmacological) can ameliorate diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, AMPK is an exciting therapeutic target for developing novel drug candidates to treat cell death in diabetes-associated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, in this review, we summarized how AMPK regulates autophagic, apoptotic, necroptotic, and ferroptosis pathways in the context of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the presence and absence of diabetes.
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8
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Dhingra R, Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Rothman S, Guberman M, Gang H, Margulets V, Jassal DS, Alagarsamy KN, Dhingra S, Ripoll CV, Billia F, Diwan A, Javaheri A, Kirshenbaum LA. Proteasomal Degradation of TRAF2 Mediates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Doxorubicin-Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2022; 146:934-954. [PMID: 35983756 PMCID: PMC10043946 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) have been implicated in cardiac dysfunction and toxicity associated with doxorubicin (DOX). Although TNFα can elicit different cellular responses, including survival or death, the mechanisms underlying these divergent outcomes in the heart remain cryptic. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF2 (TNF receptor associated factor 2) provides a critical signaling platform for K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIPK1 (receptor interacting protein 1), crucial for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by TNFα and survival. Here, we investigate alterations in TNFα-TRAF2-NF-κB signaling in the pathogenesis of DOX cardiotoxicity. METHODS Using a combination of in vivo (4 weekly injections of DOX 5 mg·kg-1·wk-1) in C57/BL6J mice and in vitro approaches (rat, mouse, and human inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes), we monitored TNFα levels, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac ultrastructure and function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and cardiac cell viability. RESULTS In contrast to vehicle-treated mice, ultrastructural defects, including cytoplasmic swelling, mitochondrial perturbations, and elevated TNFα levels, were observed in the hearts of mice treated with DOX. While investigating the involvement of TNFα in DOX cardiotoxicity, we discovered that NF-κB was readily activated by TNFα. However, TNFα-mediated NF-κB activation was impaired in cardiac myocytes treated with DOX. This coincided with loss of K63- linked polyubiquitination of RIPK1 from the proteasomal degradation of TRAF2. Furthermore, TRAF2 protein abundance was markedly reduced in hearts of patients with cancer treated with DOX. We further established that the reciprocal actions of the ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 and USP19 (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 19), respectively, regulated the proteasomal degradation of TRAF2 in DOX-treated cardiac myocytes. An E3-ligase mutant of cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 (H588A) or gain of function of USP19 prevented proteasomal degradation of TRAF2 and DOX-induced cell death. Furthermore, wild-type TRAF2, but not a RING finger mutant defective for K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIPK1, restored NF-κB signaling and suppressed DOX-induced cardiac cell death. Last, cardiomyocyte-restricted expression of TRAF2 (cardiac troponin T-adeno-associated virus 9-TRAF2) in vivo protected against mitochondrial defects and cardiac dysfunction induced by DOX. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel signaling axis that functionally connects the cardiotoxic effects of DOX to proteasomal degradation of TRAF2. Disruption of the critical TRAF2 survival pathway by DOX sensitizes cardiac myocytes to TNFα-mediated necrotic cell death and DOX cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Dhingra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Sonny Rothman
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Matthew Guberman
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Hongying Gang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Victoria Margulets
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Davinder S. Jassal
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Keshav N. Alagarsamy
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Carla Valenzuela Ripoll
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Filio Billia
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
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9
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Halade GV, Lee DH. Inflammation and resolution signaling in cardiac repair and heart failure. EBioMedicine 2022; 79:103992. [PMID: 35405389 PMCID: PMC9014358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation is a key mediator of advanced heart failure. Especially, damage, pathogen, and lifestyle-associated molecular patterns are the major factors in initiating baseline inflammatory diseases, particularly in cardiac pathology. After a significant cardiac injury like a heart attack, splenic and circulating leukocytes begin a highly optimized sequence of immune cell recruitment (neutrophils and monocytes) to coordinate effective tissue repair. An injured cardiac tissue repair and homeostasis are dependent on clearance of cellular debris where the recruited leukocytes transition from a pro-inflammatory to a reparative program through resolution process. After a cardiac injury, macrophages play a decisive role in cardiac repair through the biosynthesis of endogenous lipid mediators that ensure a timely tissue repair while avoiding chronic inflammation and impaired cardiac repair. However, dysregulation of resolution of inflammation processes due to cardiometabolic defects (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes), aging, or co-medication(s) lead to impaired cardiac repair. Hence, the presented review demonstrates the fundamental role of leukocytes, in particular macrophages orchestrate the inflammation and resolution biology, focusing on the biosynthesis of specialized lipid mediators in cardiac repair and heart failure. This work was supported by research funds from National Institutes of Health (AT006704, HL132989, and HL144788) to G.V.H. The authors acknowledges the use of Servier Medical Art image bank and Biorender that is used to create schematic Figures 1–3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL 33602, United States.
| | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL 33602, United States
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An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Myocardial Ischemic Injury: State of the Art and Translational Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071165. [PMID: 35406729 PMCID: PMC8998015 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in western countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction represents a life-threatening condition predisposing to the development of heart failure. In recent decades, much effort has been invested in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. These mechanisms include metabolic alterations, ROS overproduction, inflammation, autophagy deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review article discusses the most recent evidence regarding the molecular basis of myocardial ischemic injury and the new potential therapeutic interventions for boosting cardioprotection and attenuating cardiac remodeling.
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11
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Martens MD, Karch J, Gordon JW. The molecular mosaic of regulated cell death in the cardiovascular system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166297. [PMID: 34718119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is now understood to be a highly regulated process that contributes to normal development and tissue homeostasis, alongside its role in the etiology of various pathological conditions. Through detailed molecular analysis, we have come to know that all cells do not always die in the same way, and that there are at least 7 processes involved, including: apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and autophagy-mediated cell death. These processes act as pieces in the mosaic of cardiomyocyte cell death, which come together depending on context and stimulus. This review details each individual process, as well as highlights how they come together to produce various cardiac pathologies. By knowing how the pieces go together we can aim towards the development of efficacious therapeutics, which will enable us to prevent cardiomyocyte loss in the face of stress, both reducing mortality and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Martens
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Canada.
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12
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Paccalet A, Crola Da Silva C, Mechtouff L, Amaz C, Varillon Y, de Bourguignon C, Cartier R, Prieur C, Tomasevic D, Genot N, Leboube S, Derimay F, Rioufol G, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Mewton N, Ovize M, Bidaux G, Bochaton T. Serum Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors 1 and 2 Are Early Prognosis Markers After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656928. [PMID: 34539391 PMCID: PMC8440863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As inflammation following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is both beneficial and deleterious, there is a need to find new biomarkers of STEMI severity. Objective: We hypothesized that the circulating concentration of the soluble tumor necrosis factor α receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) might predict clinical outcomes in STEMI patients. Methods: We enrolled into a prospective cohort 251 consecutive STEMI patients referred to our hospital for percutaneous coronary intervention revascularization. Blood samples were collected at five time points: admission and 4, 24, 48 h, and 1 month after admission to assess sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 serum concentrations. Patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 1 month. Results: sTNFR1 concentration increased at 24 h with a median of 580.5 pg/ml [95% confidence interval (CI): 534.4–645.6]. sTNFR2 increased at 48 h with a median of 2,244.0 pg/ml [95% CI: 2090.0–2,399.0]. Both sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 peak levels were correlated with infarct size and left ventricular end-diastolic volume and inversely correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with sTNFR1 or sTNFR2 concentration above the median value were more likely to experience an adverse clinical event within 24 months after STEMI [hazards ratio (HR): 8.8, 95% CI: 4.2–18.6, p < 0.0001 for sTNFR1; HR: 6.1, 95% CI: 2.5 –10.5, p = 0.0003 for sTNFR2]. Soluble TNFR1 was an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events and was more powerful than troponin I (p = 0.04 as compared to the troponin AUC). Conclusion: The circulating sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 are inflammatory markers of morphological and functional injury after STEMI. sTNFR1 appears as an early independent predictor of clinical outcomes in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Paccalet
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- Stroke Department, Hôpital Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Camille Amaz
- Centre D'investigation Clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Yvonne Varillon
- Centre D'investigation Clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Charles de Bourguignon
- Centre D'investigation Clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Regine Cartier
- Centre de Biologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cyril Prieur
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel et Université Claude Bernard, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Danka Tomasevic
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel et Université Claude Bernard, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Genot
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel et Université Claude Bernard, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Simon Leboube
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - François Derimay
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital and Claude-Bernard University, Bron, France
| | - Gilles Rioufol
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital and Claude-Bernard University, Bron, France
| | - Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel et Université Claude Bernard, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université de Lyon, Bron, France.,Centre D'investigation Clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université de Lyon, Bron, France.,Centre D'investigation Clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Service D'explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Thomas Bochaton
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université de Lyon, Bron, France.,Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel et Université Claude Bernard, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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13
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Pandey KN. Molecular Signaling Mechanisms and Function of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A in the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693099. [PMID: 34489721 PMCID: PMC8416980 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP) and their cognate receptors has greatly increased our knowledge of the control of hypertension and cardiovascular homeostasis. ANP and BNP are potent endogenous hypotensive hormones that elicit natriuretic, diuretic, vasorelaxant, antihypertrophic, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory effects, largely directed toward the reduction of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The principal receptor involved in the regulatory actions of ANP and BNP is guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA), which produces the intracellular second messenger cGMP. Cellular, biochemical, molecular, genetic, and clinical studies have facilitated understanding of the functional roles of natriuretic peptides (NPs), as well as the functions of their receptors, and signaling mechanisms in CVDs. Transgenic and gene-targeting (gene-knockout and gene-duplication) strategies have produced genetically altered novel mouse models and have advanced our knowledge of the importance of NPs and their receptors at physiological and pathophysiological levels in both normal and disease states. The current review describes the past and recent research on the cellular, molecular, genetic mechanisms and functional roles of the ANP-BNP/NPRA system in the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular homeostasis as well as clinical and diagnostic markers of cardiac disorders and heart failure. However, the therapeutic potentials of NPs and their receptors for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and stroke have just begun to be expanded. More in-depth investigations are needed in this field to extend the therapeutic use of NPs and their receptors to treat and prevent CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N. Pandey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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14
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Fibrosis, the Bad Actor in Cardiorenal Syndromes: Mechanisms Involved. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071824. [PMID: 34359993 PMCID: PMC8307805 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome is a term that defines the complex bidirectional nature of the interaction between cardiac and renal disease. It is well established that patients with kidney disease have higher incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities and that renal dysfunction is a significant threat to the prognosis of patients with cardiac disease. Fibrosis is a common characteristic of organ injury progression that has been proposed not only as a marker but also as an important driver of the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndromes. Due to the relevance of fibrosis, its study might give insight into the mechanisms and targets that could potentially be modulated to prevent fibrosis development. The aim of this review was to summarize some of the pathophysiological pathways involved in the fibrotic damage seen in cardiorenal syndromes, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are known to be triggers and mediators of fibrosis.
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15
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Wang D, Li T, Xu Y, Yang X, He M, Zhang Z, Wu W, Yan Y. [Platelet-rich plasma alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:775-782. [PMID: 34134967 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) against acute myocardial ischemiareperfusion (IR) injury and the possible mechanism. OBJECTIVE Aortic blood samples were collected from 10 SD rats to prepare PRP, in which the concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured. Cell models of IR injury were established in primary cultures of neonatal SD rat cardiomyocytes by exposing the cells to 3 h of hypoxia. The cells were then reoxygenated and co-cultured with 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% volume of PRP for 12 h, and the changes in cell viability was assessed. Immunofluorescence staining of the cardiomyocytes was performed, and the cellular expression of AMPK and its phosphorylation level were detected. The effects of PRP on the proliferation and migration of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) were examined. In a SD rat model of myocardial IR injury, 100 μL of PRP (n= 20) or normal saline (n=20) was injected at 4 sites around the ligation site immediately after cardiac reperfusion. One day after the injection, 6 rats were selected from each group for TTC staining of the myocardial tissues and measurement of troponin Ⅰ content. One week later, the cardiac function of the remaining rats was assessed by echocardiography, and HE staining of the myocardial tissues was performed. The effect of PRP treatment for 24 h on polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages was also examined by flow cytometry in RAW264.7 cells after hypoxic exposure for 3 h. OBJECTIVE The concentrations of PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in PRP than in whole blood. Addition of 1% volume of PRP significantly reduced death of the cardiomyocytes following reoxygenation, and this effect was closely related with the activation of AMPK. Treatment with PRP obviously promoted the proliferation and migration of RAOECs. In rat models of acute myocardial IR injury, injections of PRP significantly reduced the infarct size and troponin Ⅰ concentration as compared with saline injection (P < 0.001). One week after PRP injection, the rats showed significantly improved cardiac function with a lowered level of inflammatory response in comparison with the rats with saline injection. In RAW264.7 cells with hypoxic exposure, treatment with PRP obviously decreased the number of M1 macrophages and increase the number of M2 macrophages. OBJECTIVE PRP can improve acute myocardial IR injury in rats by phosphorylating AMPK and regulating macrophage polarization, which produces a protective immunomodulatory effect on the ischemic myocardial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - M He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - W Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou 510515, China
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16
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Reis-Mendes A, Dores-Sousa JL, Padrão AI, Duarte-Araújo M, Duarte JA, Seabra V, Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Remião F, Carvalho F, Sousa E, Bastos ML, Costa VM. Inflammation as a Possible Trigger for Mitoxantrone-Induced Cardiotoxicity: An In Vivo Study in Adult and Infant Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060510. [PMID: 34073506 PMCID: PMC8229902 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitoxantrone (MTX) is a pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of several cancers and refractory multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its therapeutic value, adverse effects may be severe, namely the frequently reported cardiotoxicity, whose mechanisms need further research. This work aimed to assess if inflammation or oxidative stress-related pathways participate in the cardiotoxicity of MTX, using the mouse as an animal model, at two different age periods (infant or adult mice) using two therapeutic relevant cumulative doses. Histopathology findings showed that MTX caused higher cardiac toxicity in adults. In MTX-treated adults, at the highest dose, noradrenaline cardiac levels decreased, whereas at the lowest cumulative dose, protein carbonylation increased and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit and of M1 macrophage marker increased. Moreover, MTX-treated adult mice had enhanced expression of NF-κB p52 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), while decreasing interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, while catalase expression significantly increased in both adult and infant mice treated with the lowest MTX cumulative dose, the expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glutathione peroxidase only significantly increased in infant animals. Nevertheless, the ratio of GAPDH to ATP synthase subunit beta decreased in adult animals. In conclusion, clinically relevant doses of MTX caused dissimilar responses in adult and infant mice, being that inflammation may be an important trigger to MTX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis-Mendes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.L.D.-S.); (F.R.); (F.C.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.-M.); (V.M.C.); Tel.: +351-220-428-599 (A.R.-M.); +351-220-428-599 (V.M.C.)
| | - José Luís Dores-Sousa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.L.D.-S.); (F.R.); (F.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Ana Isabel Padrão
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.I.P.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Margarida Duarte-Araújo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Immune-Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.I.P.); (J.A.D.)
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal;
| | - Vítor Seabra
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal;
| | - Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- MOREHealth, Outcomes Research Lab, Portuguese Institute of Oncology at Porto Francisco Gentil (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.L.D.-S.); (F.R.); (F.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.L.D.-S.); (F.R.); (F.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.L.D.-S.); (F.R.); (F.C.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.L.D.-S.); (F.R.); (F.C.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.-M.); (V.M.C.); Tel.: +351-220-428-599 (A.R.-M.); +351-220-428-599 (V.M.C.)
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17
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Guo S, Wu J, Zhou W, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Jia S, Li J, Wang H. Identification and analysis of key genes associated with acute myocardial infarction by integrated bioinformatics methods. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25553. [PMID: 33847684 PMCID: PMC8052032 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common disease leading threat to human health around the world. Here we aimed to explore new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in AMI through adopting integrated bioinformatics tools. METHODS The gene expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to obtain genes data of AMI and no-AMI whole blood. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the "Limma" package in R 3.6.1 software. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed via "Bioconductor" and "GOplot" package in R 3.6.1 software. In order to screen hub DEGs, the STRING version 11.0 database, Cytoscape and molecular complex detection (MCODE) were applied. Correlation among the hub DEGs was evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS By performing DEGs analysis, 289 upregulated and 62 downregulated DEGs were successfully identified from GSE66360, respectively. And they were mainly enriched in the terms of neutrophil activation, immune response, cytokine, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. Based on the data of protein-protein interaction (PPI), the top 10 hub genes were ranked, including interleukin-8 (CXCL8), TNF, N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), platelet basic protein (PPBP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma (FCER1G). What's more, the results of correlation analysis demonstrated that there was positive correlation between the 10 hub DEGs. CONCLUSION Ten DEGs were identified as potential candidate diagnostic biomarkers for patients with AMI in present study. However, further experiments are needed to confirm the functional pathways and hub genes associated with AMI.
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18
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Hassanpour M, Aghamohamadzade N, Cheraghi O, Heidarzadeh M, Nouri M. Current status of cardiac regenerative medicine; An update on point of view to cell therapy application. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 12:256-268. [PMID: 33510874 PMCID: PMC7828760 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Because of the economic and social burden of acute myocardial infarction and its chronic consequences in surviving patients, understanding the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction injury is a major priority for cardiovascular research. MI is defined as cardiomyocytes death caused by an ischemic that resulted from the apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. The phases of normal repair following MI including inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation. Normal repair is slow and inefficient generally so that other treatments are required. Because of difficulties, outcomes, and backwashes of traditional therapies including coronary artery bypass grafting, balloon angioplasty, heart transplantation, and artificial heart operations, the novel strategy in the treatment of MI, cell therapy, was newly emerged. In cell therapy, a new population of cells has created that substitute with damaged cells. Different types of stem cell and progenitor cells have been shown to improve cardiac function through various mechanisms, including the formation of new myocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Bone marrow- and/or adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, autologous skeletal myoblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, cardiac progenitor cells and cardiac pericytes considered as a source for cell therapy. In this study, we focused on the point of view of the cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Omid Cheraghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Geesala R, Issuree PD, Maretzky T. The Role of iRhom2 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular-Related Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:612808. [PMID: 33330676 PMCID: PMC7732453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.612808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obesity is associated with metabolic imbalance leading to diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), in which inflammation is caused by exposure to inflammatory stimuli, such as accumulating sphingolipid ceramides or intracellular stress. This inflammatory response is likely to be prolonged by the effects of dietary and blood cholesterol, thereby leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are predictive of CVDs and have been widely studied for potential therapeutic strategies. The release of TNF is controlled by a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 and both are positively associated with CVDs. ADAM17 also cleaves most of the ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which have been associated with hypertension, atherogenesis, vascular dysfunction, and cardiac remodeling. The inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) regulates the ADAM17-dependent shedding of TNF in immune cells. In addition, iRhom2 also regulates the ADAM17-mediated cleavage of EGFR ligands such as amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Targeting iRhom2 has recently become a possible alternative therapeutic strategy in chronic inflammatory diseases such as lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, what role this intriguing interacting partner of ADAM17 plays in the vasculature and how it functions in the pathologies of obesity and associated CVDs, are exciting questions that are only beginning to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the role of iRhom2 in cardiovascular-related pathologies such as atherogenesis and obesity by providing an evaluation of known iRhom2-dependent cellular and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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20
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Miao K, Zhou L, Ba H, Li C, Gu H, Yin B, Wang J, Yang XP, Li Z, Wang DW. Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha attenuates pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy via tumor necrosis factor receptor 2. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000967. [PMID: 33270628 PMCID: PMC7714153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important pathogenic role in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF); however, anti-TNF is paradoxically negative in clinical trials and even worsens HF, indicating a possible protective role of TNF-α in HF. TNF-α exists in transmembrane (tmTNF-α) and soluble (sTNF-α) forms. Herein, we found that TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) knockout (KO) or knockdown (KD) by short hairpin RNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, heart dysfunction, fibrosis, and inflammation with increased tmTNF-α expression, whereas TNFR2 KO or KD exacerbated the pathological phenomena with increased sTNF-α secretion in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)- and isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, respectively, indicating the beneficial effects of TNFR2 associated with tmTNF-α. Suppressing TNF-α converting enzyme by TNF-α Protease Inhibitor-1 (TAPI-1) to increase endogenous tmTNF-α expression significantly alleviated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Importantly, direct addition of exogenous tmTNF-α into cardiomyocytes in vitro significantly reduced ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and induced proliferation. The beneficial effects of tmTNF-α were completely blocked by TNFR2 KD in H9C2 cells and TNFR2 KO in primary myocardial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that tmTNF-α displayed antihypertrophic and anti-inflammatory effects by activating the AKT pathway and inhibiting the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway via TNFR2. Our data suggest that tmTNF-α exerts cardioprotective effects via TNFR2. Specific targeting of tmTNF-α processing, rather than anti-TNF therapy, may be more useful for the treatment of hypertrophy and HF. In contrast to detrimental effects of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) via TNFR1, this study shows that transmembrane TNF-α protects the heart by suppressing pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation via TNFR2. Targeting tmTNF-α processing may be more useful than TNF-antagonist for treatment of hypertrophy and heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Miao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongping Ba
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyan Gu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingjiao Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuoya Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (DWW)
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (DWW)
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21
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Ren PH, Zhang ZM, Wang P, Zhu HP, Li ZQ. Yangxinkang tablet protects against cardiac dysfunction and remodelling after myocardial infarction in rats through inhibition of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:321-327. [PMID: 32285737 PMCID: PMC7178820 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1748662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is defined as myocardial necrosis. Clinicians use the traditional Chinese patent medicine Yangxinkang Tablet (YXK) to treat chronic heart failure.Objective: To explore the effects of YXK on heart injury following AMI and the underlying mechanisms.Materials and methods: The AMI model was produced in Wistar rats by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were divided into the following five groups: Sham (n = 6), MI (Model, n = 10), AICAR (AMPK agonist, 50 mg/kg/d, i.p., n = 10), Compound C (AMPK inhibitor, 10 mg/kg/d, i.p., n = 10), and YXK (0.72 g/kg/d, gavage, n = 10) groups. Cardiac function, cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, and expression of p-AMPK, p-mTOR, and autophagy-related proteins was measured after 4 weeks of treatment after the successful modelling of the AMI.Results: Compared to MI group, both YXK and AMPK inhibitor improved cardiac dysfunction and reduced cardiac fibrosis (15.6 ± 2.3; 22.6 ± 4.6 vs. 34.6 ± 4.3%) and myocardial cell apoptosis (12 ± 3.67; 25.6 ± 6.8 vs. 54 ± 4.8%). Futhermore, YXK and AMPK inhibitor significantly decreased p-AMPK expression by 11.05% and 14.64%, LC3II/I by 25.08% and 35.28% and Beclin-1 by 66.71% and 33.85%, increased p-mTOR by 22.14% and 47.46% and p62 by 70.83% and 18.58%.Conclusions: The underlying mechanism appears to include suppression of autophagy via inhibiting AMPK/mTOR signalling, suggesting that YXK may serve as a potentially effective Chinese herbal compound for suppressing cardiac fibrosis in heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-hua Ren
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-min Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-ping Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-qiu Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Rolski F, Błyszczuk P. Complexity of TNF-α Signaling in Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3267. [PMID: 33053859 PMCID: PMC7601316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a leading cause of death with unmet clinical needs for targeted treatment options. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) represents a master pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in many immunopathogenic processes. Anti-TNF-α therapy is widely used in treating autoimmune inflammatory disorders, but in case of patients with heart disease, this treatment was unsuccessful or even harmful. The underlying reasons remain elusive until today. This review summarizes the effects of anti-TNF-α treatment in patients with and without heart disease and describes the involvement of TNF-α signaling in a number of animal models of cardiovascular diseases. We specifically focused on the role of TNF-α in specific cardiovascular conditions and in defined cardiac cell types. Although some mechanisms, mainly in disease development, are quite well known, a comprehensive understanding of TNF-α signaling in the failing heart is still incomplete. Published data identify pathogenic and cardioprotective mechanisms of TNF-α in the affected heart and highlight the differential role of two TNF-α receptors pointing to the complexity of the TNF-α signaling. In the light of these findings, it seems that targeting the TNF-α pathway in heart disease may show therapeutic benefits, but this approach must be more specific and selectively block pathogenic mechanisms. To this aim, more research is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of TNF-α signaling in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Rolski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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23
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Thomas TP, Grisanti LA. The Dynamic Interplay Between Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:529075. [PMID: 33041853 PMCID: PMC7522448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.529075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide. While there are multiple etiologies contributing to the development of heart failure, all cause result in impairments in cardiac function that is characterized by changes in cardiac remodeling and compliance. Fibrosis is associated with nearly all forms of heart failure and is an important contributor to disease pathogenesis. Inflammation also plays a critical role in the heart and there is a large degree of interconnectedness between the inflammatory and fibrotic response. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to inflammation and fibrosis and the interplay between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby P Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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24
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Abstract
Heart failure exhibits remarkable pathophysiologic heterogeneity. A large body of evidence suggests that regardless of the underlying etiology, heart failure is associated with induction of cytokines and chemokines that may contribute to the pathogenesis of adverse remodeling, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 have been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Inflammatory cytokines modulate phenotype and function of all myocardial cells, suppressing contractile function in cardiomyocytes, inducing inflammatory activation in macrophages, stimulating microvascular inflammation and dysfunction, and promoting a matrix-degrading phenotype in fibroblasts. Moreover, cytokine-induced growth factor synthesis may exert chronic fibrogenic actions contributing to the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In addition to their role in adverse cardiac remodeling, some inflammatory cytokines may also exert protective actions on cardiomyocytes under conditions of stress. Chemokines, such as CCL2, are also upregulated in failing hearts and may stimulate recruitment of pro-inflammatory leukocytes, promoting myocardial injury, fibrotic remodeling, and dysfunction. Although experimental evidence suggests that cytokine and chemokine targeting may hold therapeutic promise in heart failure, clinical translation remains challenging. This review manuscript summarizes our knowledge on the role of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and CCL2 in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and discusses the promises and challenges of targeted anti-cytokine therapy. Dissection of protective and maladaptive cellular actions of cytokines in the failing heart, and identification of patient subsets with overactive or dysregulated myocardial inflammatory responses are required for design of successful therapeutic approaches.
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25
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Evans S, Weinheimer CJ, Kovacs A, Williams JW, Randolph GJ, Jiang W, Barger PM, Mann DL. Ischemia reperfusion injury provokes adverse left ventricular remodeling in dysferlin-deficient hearts through a pathway that involves TIRAP dependent signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14129. [PMID: 32839504 PMCID: PMC7445276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes have multiple cell autonomous mechanisms that facilitate stabilization and repair of damaged sarcolemmal membranes following myocardial injury. Dysferlin is a protein which facilitates membrane repair by promoting membrane resealing. Although prior studies have shown that dysferlin-deficient (Dysf-/-) mouse hearts have an impaired recovery from acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury ex vivo, the role of dysferlin in mediating the recovery from myocardial injury in vivo is unknown. Here we show that Dysf-/- mice develop adverse LV remodeling following I/R injury secondary to the collateral damage from sustained myocardial inflammation within the infarct zone. Backcrossing Dysf-/- mice with mice lacking signaling through the Toll-Interleukin 1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor Protein (Tirap-/-), attenuated inflammation and abrogated adverse LV remodeling following I/R injury. Subsequent studies using Poloxamer 188 (P188), a membrane resealing reagent, demonstrated that P188 did not attenuate inflammation nor prevent adverse LV remodeling in Dysf-/- mice following I/R injury. Viewed together these studies reveal a previously unappreciated role for the importance of membrane sealing and the resolution of inflammation following myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Evans
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave,, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave,, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave,, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jesse W Williams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wenlong Jiang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave,, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Philip M Barger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave,, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave,, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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26
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Cardioprotective Effect of ( Z)-2-Acetoxy-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) Acrylic Acid: Inhibition of Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:8584763. [PMID: 32426037 PMCID: PMC7211238 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8584763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of heart failure, an effective pharmacological therapy to protect cardiac tissues from severe loss of contractile function associated with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (MI) has yet to be developed. Methods We examined the cardioprotective effects of (Z)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid, a new compound with potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities in a rat model of heart failure. (Z)-2-Acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid was systemically delivered to rats 6 weeks after MI at different doses (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg). Cardiac function was assessed by hemodynamic measurements. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis-related molecules, and markers of adverse ventricular remodeling was measured using RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Treatment with (Z)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid significantly improved cardiac function, in particular by increasing dP/dt. Simultaneously, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β was markedly reduced in the treatment group compared with the MI group. In addition, (Z)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid-treated tissues displayed decreased expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 and increased expression of Bcl-2, which was in part due to the promotion of Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion These data demonstrated that (Z)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid possesses potent cardioprotective effects against cardiac injury in a rat model of heart failure, which is mediated, at least in part, by suppression of the inflammatory and cell apoptosis responses.
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27
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Mourouzis K, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsalamadris S, Vogiatzi G, Antonopoulos A, Fountoulakis P, Goliopoulou A, Papaioannou S, Tousoulis D. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4624-4647. [PMID: 32282296 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200413082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to present the interplay between cytokines and their actions preceding and shortly after ACS. METHODS We searched in a systemic manner the most relevant articles to the topic of inflammation, cytokines, vulnerable plaque and myocardial infarction in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases. RESULTS Different classes of cytokines (intereleukin [IL]-1 family, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) family, chemokines, adipokines, interferons) are implicated in the entire process leading to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque, and consequently, to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Especially IL-1 and TNF-α family are involved in inflammatory cell accumulation, vulnerable plaque formation, platelet aggregation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and adverse remodeling following the myocardial infarction. Several cytokines such as IL-6, adiponectin, interferon-γ, appear with significant prognostic value in ACS patients. Thus, research interest focuses on the modulation of inflammation in ACS to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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28
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Fabris F, Palmer D, Salama KM, de Magalhães JP, Freitas AA. Using deep learning to associate human genes with age-related diseases. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:2202-2208. [PMID: 31845988 PMCID: PMC7141856 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation One way to identify genes possibly associated with ageing is to build a classification model (from the machine learning field) capable of classifying genes as associated with multiple age-related diseases. To build this model, we use a pre-compiled list of human genes associated with age-related diseases and apply a novel Deep Neural Network (DNN) method to find associations between gene descriptors (e.g. Gene Ontology terms, protein–protein interaction data and biological pathway information) and age-related diseases. Results The novelty of our new DNN method is its modular architecture, which has the capability of combining several sources of biological data to predict which ageing-related diseases a gene is associated with (if any). Our DNN method achieves better predictive performance than standard DNN approaches, a Gradient Boosted Tree classifier (a strong baseline method) and a Logistic Regression classifier. Given the DNN model produced by our method, we use two approaches to identify human genes that are not known to be associated with age-related diseases according to our dataset. First, we investigate genes that are close to other disease-associated genes in a complex multi-dimensional feature space learned by the DNN algorithm. Second, using the class label probabilities output by our DNN approach, we identify genes with a high probability of being associated with age-related diseases according to the model. We provide evidence of these putative associations retrieved from the DNN model with literature support. Availability and implementation The source code and datasets can be found at: https://github.com/fabiofabris/Bioinfo2019. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fabris
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF, UK
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Khalid M Salama
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF, UK
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Alex A Freitas
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF, UK
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29
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Baehr A, Hinkel R, Kupatt C. Statins Make a Difference in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Revival. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1403-1405. [PMID: 32216908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baehr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; German Primate Center (DPZ), Goettingen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Allan-Rahill NH, Lamont MRE, Chilian WM, Nishimura N, Small DM. Intravital Microscopy of the Beating Murine Heart to Understand Cardiac Leukocyte Dynamics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32117249 PMCID: PMC7010807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Intravital microscopy has provided unprecedented insight into leukocyte biology by enabling the visualization of dynamic responses within living organ systems at the cell-scale. The heart presents a uniquely dynamic microenvironment driven by periodic, synchronous electrical conduction leading to rhythmic contractions of cardiomyocytes, and phasic coronary blood flow. In addition to functions shared throughout the body, immune cells have specific functions in the heart including tissue-resident macrophage-facilitated electrical conduction and rapid monocyte infiltration upon injury. Leukocyte responses to cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, have been well-studied using standard techniques, however, certain questions related to spatiotemporal relationships remain unanswered. Intravital imaging techniques could greatly benefit our understanding of the complexities of in vivo leukocyte behavior within cardiac tissue, but these techniques have been challenging to apply. Different approaches have been developed including high frame rate imaging of the beating heart, explantation models, micro-endoscopy, and mechanical stabilization coupled with various acquisition schemes to overcome challenges specific to the heart. The field of cardiac science has only begun to benefit from intravital microscopy techniques. The current focused review presents an overview of leukocyte responses in the heart, recent developments in intravital microscopy for the murine heart, and a discussion of future developments and applications for cardiovascular immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Allan-Rahill
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael R E Lamont
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David M Small
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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31
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Del Re DP, Amgalan D, Linkermann A, Liu Q, Kitsis RN. Fundamental Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death and Implications for Heart Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1765-1817. [PMID: 31364924 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve regulated cell death programs have been described. We review in detail the basic biology of nine including death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated necrosis (necroptosis), mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death. This is followed by a dissection of the roles of these cell death programs in the major cardiac syndromes: myocardial infarction and heart failure. The most important conclusion relevant to heart disease is that regulated forms of cardiomyocyte death play important roles in both myocardial infarction with reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion) and heart failure. While a role for apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion cannot be excluded, regulated forms of necrosis, through both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways, are critical. Ferroptosis and parthanatos are also likely important in ischemia/reperfusion, although it is unclear if these entities are functioning as independent death programs or as amplification mechanisms for necrotic cell death. Pyroptosis may also contribute to ischemia/reperfusion injury, but potentially through effects in non-cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte loss through apoptosis and necrosis is also an important component in the pathogenesis of heart failure and is mediated by both death receptor and mitochondrial signaling. Roles for immunogenic cell death in cardiac disease remain to be defined but merit study in this era of immune checkpoint cancer therapy. Biology-based approaches to inhibit cell death in the various cardiac syndromes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Del Re
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dulguun Amgalan
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Van Linthout S, Tschöpe C. The Quest for Antiinflammatory and Immunomodulatory Strategies in Heart Failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:1198-1208. [PMID: 31544235 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intensive research over the last 3 decades has unequivocally demonstrated the relevance of inflammation in heart failure (HF). Despite our current and ever increasing knowledge about inflammation, the clinical success of antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory therapies in HF is still limited. This review outlines the complexity and diversity of inflammation, its reciprocal interaction with HF, and addresses future perspectives, calling for immunomodulatory therapies that are specific for factors that activate the immune system without the risk of nonspecific immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Ge CX, Xu MX, Qin YT, Gu TT, Lou DS, Li Q, Hu LF, Wang BC, Tan J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced iRhom2 up-regulation promotes macrophage-regulated cardiac inflammation and lipid deposition in high fat diet (HFD)-challenged mice: Intervention of fisetin and metformin. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:67-83. [PMID: 31153974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been implicated in obesity-associated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2), also known as Rhbdf2, is an inactive member of the rhomboid intramembrane proteinase family, playing an essential role in regulating inflammation. Nevertheless, the role of ERS-meditated iRhom2 pathway in metabolic stress-induced cardiomyopathy remains unknown. In the study, we showed that 4-PBA, as an essential ERS inhibitor, significantly alleviated high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorder and cardiac dysfunction in mice. Additionally, lipid deposition in heart tissues was prevented by 4-PBA in HFD-challenged mice. Moreover, 4-PBA blunted the expression of iRhom2, TACE, TNFR2 and phosphorylated NF-κB to prevent HFD-induced expression of inflammatory factors. Further, 4-PBA restrained HFD-triggered oxidative stress by promoting Nrf-2 signaling. Importantly, 4-PBA markedly suppressed cardiac ERS in HFD mice. The anti-inflammation, anti-ERS and anti-oxidant effects of 4-PBA were verified in palmitate (PAL)-incubated macrophages and cardiomyocytes. In addition, promoting ERS could obviously enhance iRhom2 signaling in vitro. Intriguingly, our data demonstrated that PAL-induced iRhom2 up-regulation apparently promoted macrophage to generate inflammatory factors that could promote cardiomyocyte inflammation and lipid accumulation. Finally, interventions by adding fisetin or metformin significantly abrogated metabolic stress-induced cardiomyopathy through the mechanisms mentioned above. In conclusion, this study provided a novel mechanism for metabolic stress-induced cardiomyopathy pathogenesis. Therapeutic strategy to restrain ROS/ERS/iRhom2 signaling pathway could be developed to prevent myocardial inflammation and lipid deposition, consequently alleviating obesity-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Min-Xuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China.
| | - Yu-Ting Qin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Gu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - De-Shuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Lin-Feng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Bo-Chu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China.
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Tian L, Su CP, Wang Q, Wu FJ, Bai R, Zhang HM, Liu JY, Lu WJ, Wang W, Lan F, Guo SZ. Chlorogenic acid: A potent molecule that protects cardiomyocytes from TNF-α-induced injury via inhibiting NF-κB and JNK signals. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4666-4678. [PMID: 31033175 PMCID: PMC6584503 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese herb Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has shown significant clinical benefits in the treatment of heart failure, but the mechanism remains unclear. As the main active ingredient found in the plasma after oral administration of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been reported to possess anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant and anti‐apoptosis function. We firstly confirmed the cardioprotective effects of CGA in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)‐induced heart failure mouse model, through mitigating the TNF‐α–induced toxicity. We further used TNF‐α‐induced cardiac injury in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. CGA pre‐treatment could reverse TNF‐α–induced cellular injuries, including improved cell viability, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis. We then examined the NF‐κB/p65 and major mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathways involved in TNF‐α–induced apoptosis of hiPSC‐CMs. Importantly, CGA can directly inhibit NF‐κB signal by suppressing the phosphorylation of NF‐κB/p65. As for the MAPKs, CGA suppressed the activity of only c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), but enhanced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and had no effect on p38. In summary, our study revealed that CGA has profound cardioprotective effects through inhibiting the activation of NF‐κB and JNK pathway, providing a novel therapeutic alternative for prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Ping Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Jian Wu
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ying Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Lu
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Bartekova M, Radosinska J, Jelemensky M, Dhalla NS. Role of cytokines and inflammation in heart function during health and disease. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:733-758. [PMID: 29862462 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of their actions on NF-κB, an inflammatory nuclear transcription factor, various cytokines have been documented to play important regulatory roles in determining cardiac function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Several cytokines including TNF-α, TGF-β, and different interleukins such as IL-1 IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 are involved in the development of various inflammatory cardiac pathologies, namely ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiomyopathies. In ischemia-related pathologies, most of the cytokines are released into the circulation and serve as biological markers of inflammation. Furthermore, there is an evidence of their direct role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury, suggesting cytokines as potential targets for the development of some anti-ischemic therapies. On the other hand, certain cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are involved in the post-ischemic tissue repair and thus are considered to exert beneficial effects on cardiac function. Conflicting reports regarding the role of some cytokines in inducing cardiac dysfunction in heart failure and different types of cardiomyopathies seem to be due to differences in the nature, duration, and degree of heart disease as well as the concentrations of some cytokines in the circulation. In spite of extensive research work in this field of investigation, no satisfactory anti-cytokine therapy for improving cardiac function in any type of heart disease is available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Radosinska
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Jelemensky
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Ginseng Berry Extract Rich in Phenolic Compounds Attenuates Oxidative Stress but not Cardiac Remodeling post Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040983. [PMID: 30813472 PMCID: PMC6412860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of ginseng root extracts have been reported. However, nothing is known about the myocardial actions of the phenolic compounds enriched in ginseng berry. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of American ginseng berry extract (GBE) in an experimental model of myocardial infarction (MI). Coronary artery ligation was performed on Sprague–Dawley male rats to induce MI after which animals were randomized into groups receiving either distilled water or GBE intragastrically for 8 weeks. Echocardiography and assays for malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-α were conducted. Flow cytometry was used to test the effects of GBE on T cell phenotypes and cytokine production. Although GBE did not improve the cardiac functional parameters, it significantly attenuated oxidative stress in post-MI rat hearts. GBE treatment also resulted in lower than control levels of TNF-α in post-MI rat hearts indicating a strong neutralizing effect of GBE on this cytokine. However, there was no effect of GBE on the proportion of different T cell subsets or ex-vivo cytokine production. Taken together, the present study demonstrates GBE reduces oxidative stress, however no effect on cardiac structure and function in post-MI rats. Moreover, reduction of TNF-α levels below baseline raises concern regarding its use as prophylactic or preventive adjunct therapy in cardiovascular disease.
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Roles of volume-regulatory anion channels, VSOR and Maxi-Cl, in apoptosis, cisplatin resistance, necrosis, ischemic cell death, stroke and myocardial infarction. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:205-283. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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38
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Zhang Y, Cao Y, Xin L, Gao N, Liu B. Association between rs1800629 polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-α gene and dilated cardiomyopathy susceptibility: Evidence from case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13386. [PMID: 30557992 PMCID: PMC6320213 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several published studies have investigated the association between the -308G/A (rs1800629) polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene and the risk of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the TNF-α gene polymorphism has a controversial role in the pathogenesis of DCM among different populations. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to resolve this inconsistency. METHODS Potentially eligible papers reporting an association between the TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and DCM susceptibility were searched in 4 databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), and the Cochrane Library up to April 1, 2018. The odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strength of the associations. Subgroup analysis based on the ethnicity, studies with or without ischemic and valvular DCM was conducted. Publication bias detection was conducted using Begg test. RESULTS Nine papers detailing case-control studies were included, reporting a total of 1339 DCM cases and 1677 healthy controls. The meta-analysis results indicated that TNF-α rs1800629 was associated with increased DCM susceptibility in the populations studied under the heterozygous model (AG vs GG: OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.05-3.50, P = .035) and dominant model (AG + AA vs GG: OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.01-3.45, P = .046). In the subgroup analysis for ethnicity, rs1800629 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility of DCM for Asians under the 5 models (A vs G: OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.56-5.30, P = .001; AA vs GG: OR = 3.95, 95% CI = 1.13-13.82, P = 0.031; AG vs GG: OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.57-9.19, P = .003; AA vs GG + AG: OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.41-4.49, P = .002; AG + AA vs GG: OR = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.54-9.20, P = .004). CONCLUSION There may be a moderate association between TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and DCM susceptibility in the whole populations studied; however, TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility of DCM for Asians, which indicates that such associations may be different between ethnicities.
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Roles of apoptosis and inflammation in a rat model of acute lung injury induced right ventricular dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1105-1114. [PMID: 30372811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The effect of intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation on right ventricular dysfunction in rats was studied with the aim of exploring underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS A single dose of LPS (10 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline was instilled intratracheally and lung injury evaluated using histopathologic scoring and wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio at 6 or 12 h post-administration. Besides, serum atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and right ventricle β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) presence was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Echocardiography examined pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT), right ventricular free wall thickness (RVFWT), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDD). In addition, right ventricular TUNEL staining and Western blots of Bax and Bcl-2 were performed. Right ventricle and left ventricle caspases-3, -8, and -9 activity were examined using fluorometric assay. Finally, right ventricle myeloperoxidase (MPO) neutrophil staining, and right ventricle and plasma cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 detection was performed. KEY FINDINGS Histopathologic lung injury and increased W/D weight ratio was seen at 6 h after LPS intratracheal instillation, along with increased ANP, but not β-MHC. Pulmonary hypertension was indicated by decreased PAAT at 6 h post-exposure. Right ventricular systolic dysfunction and dilation were observed at 12 h post-exposure, as indicated by a significant decrease of TAPSE and increase of RVEDD. Of note, the procedure led to an increased right ventricle TUNEL positive cardiomyocytes, an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and increased right and left ventricle caspases-3, -8, and -9 activity as early as 6 h post-exposure, which was paralleled by increased right ventricle MPO staining and increased expression of right ventricle and serum cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. SIGNIFICANCE As well as acute lung injury, a single dose of LPS intratracheally instilled can induce pulmonary hypertension at 6 h post-exposure, with obvious right ventricular systolic dysfunction and right ventricular dilation present at 12 h post-exposure, possibly via cardiomyocytes apoptosis and inflammation.
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40
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Panahi M, Papanikolaou A, Torabi A, Zhang JG, Khan H, Vazir A, Hasham MG, Cleland JGF, Rosenthal NA, Harding SE, Sattler S. Immunomodulatory interventions in myocardial infarction and heart failure: a systematic review of clinical trials and meta-analysis of IL-1 inhibition. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1445-1461. [PMID: 30010800 PMCID: PMC6106100 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a myocardial infarction (MI), the immune system helps to repair ischaemic damage and restore tissue integrity, but excessive inflammation has been implicated in adverse cardiac remodelling and development towards heart failure (HF). Pre-clinical studies suggest that timely resolution of inflammation may help prevent HF development and progression. Therapeutic attempts to prevent excessive post-MI inflammation in patients have included pharmacological interventions ranging from broad immunosuppression to immunomodulatory approaches targeting specific cell types or factors with the aim to maintain beneficial aspects of the early post-MI immune response. These include the blockade of early initiators of inflammation including reactive oxygen species and complement, inhibition of mast cell degranulation and leucocyte infiltration, blockade of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of adaptive B and T-lymphocytes. Herein, we provide a systematic review on post-MI immunomodulation trials and a meta-analysis of studies targeting the inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1. Despite an enormous effort into a significant number of clinical trials on a variety of targets, a striking heterogeneity in study population, timing and type of treatment, and highly variable endpoints limits the possibility for meaningful meta-analyses. To conclude, we highlight critical considerations for future studies including (i) the therapeutic window of opportunity, (ii) immunological effects of routine post-MI medication, (iii) stratification of the highly diverse post-MI patient population, (iv) the potential benefits of combining immunomodulatory with regenerative therapies, and at last (v) the potential side effects of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Panahi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Angelos Papanikolaou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Azam Torabi
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - Habib Khan
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | - Ali Vazir
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | | | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
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Yao L, Xue X, Yu P, Ni Y, Chen F. Evans Blue Dye: A Revisit of Its Applications in Biomedicine. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:7628037. [PMID: 29849513 PMCID: PMC5937594 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7628037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evans blue (EB) dye has owned a long history as a biological dye and diagnostic agent since its first staining application by Herbert McLean Evans in 1914. Due to its high water solubility and slow excretion, as well as its tight binding to serum albumin, EB has been widely used in biomedicine, including its use in estimating blood volume and vascular permeability, detecting lymph nodes, and localizing the tumor lesions. Recently, a series of EB derivatives have been labeled with PET isotopes and can be used as theranostics with a broad potential due to their improved half-life in the blood and reduced release. Some of EB derivatives have even been used in translational applications in clinics. In addition, a novel necrosis-avid feature of EB has recently been reported in some preclinical animal studies. Given all these interesting and important advances in EB study, a comprehensive revisiting of EB has been made in its biomedical applications in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Yao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xing Xue
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Peipei Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Department of Radiology, Sanmen County People's Hospital, Sanmen, Zhejiang 317100, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Radiology Section, University Hospitals, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Evans S, Tzeng HP, Veis DJ, Matkovich S, Weinheimer C, Kovacs A, Barger PM, Mann DL. TNF receptor-activated factor 2 mediates cardiac protection through noncanonical NF-κB signaling. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98278. [PMID: 29415884 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for cytoprotective effects of TNF receptor-activated factor 2 (TRAF2) in the heart, we employed genetic gain- and loss-of-function studies ex vivo and in vivo in mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of TRAF2 (Myh6-TRAF2LC). Crossing Myh6-TRAF2LC mice with mice lacking canonical signaling (Myh6-TRAF2LC/Myh6-IκBαΔN) abrogated the cytoprotective effects of TRAF2 ex vivo. In contrast, inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway did not abrogate the cytoprotective effects of TRAF2. Transcriptional profiling of WT, Myh6-TRAF2LC, and Myh6-TRAF2LC/Myh6-IκBαΔN mouse hearts suggested that the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway was upregulated in the Myh6-TRAF2LC mouse hearts. Western blotting and ELISA for the NF-κB family proteins p50, p65, p52, and RelB on nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from naive 12-week-old WT, Myh6-TRAF2LC, and Myh6-TRAF2LC/Myh6-IκBαΔN mouse hearts showed increased expression levels and increased DNA binding of p52 and RelB, whereas there was no increase in expression or DNA binding of the p50 and p65 subunits. Crossing Myh6-TRAF2LC mice with RelB-/+ mice (Myh6-TRAF2LC/RelB-/+) attenuated the cytoprotective effects of TRAF2 ex vivo and in vivo. Viewed together, these results suggest that crosstalk between the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways is required for mediating the cytoprotective effects of TRAF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Evans
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division and
| | - Huei-Ping Tzeng
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division and
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Division of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scot Matkovich
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division and
| | | | - Attila Kovacs
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division and
| | - Philip M Barger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division and
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division and
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Barnette DN, Cahill TJ, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Carr CA, Freeman M, Riley PR. iRhom2-mediated proinflammatory signalling regulates heart repair following myocardial infarction. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98268. [PMID: 29415889 PMCID: PMC5821194 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of proinflammation, and specifically TNF-α, on downstream fibrosis and healing after cardiac injury remains unknown. Using iRhom2-deficient mice, which lack myeloid-specific shedding of TNF-α, we reveal increased macrophages (MΦs) that were skewed towards a more proinflammatory (M1) state at day 4, followed by more reparative, antiinflammatory (M2) state at day 7 after myocardial infarction (MI). However, associated functional cytokine expression was significantly reduced in iRhom2-mutant M1 and M2 MΦs, respectively. A dampened proinflammatory signature in iRhom2-deficient mice during the acute phase of injury and subsequent changes in MΦ polarization were associated with reduced phagocytosis and a more sparse distribution within the scar region. This resulted in impaired collagen deposition and fibrosis, and increased left ventricular remodelling and mortality in iRhom2-deficient mice after MI. Our findings reveal a requirement for an iRhom2-mediated proinflammatory response during downstream scarring and fibrosis, which is driven in part by TNF-α signaling. These conclusions challenge the existing model that infarct repair is determined exclusively by antiinflammatory signaling of M2 MΦs, and as such we propose an alternative view of immunomodulation to maintain effective healing after infarction. Optimal scarring and survival after myocardial infarction is dependent upon the initial wave of inflammation after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien N Barnette
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Thomas J Cahill
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK).,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mala Gunadasa-Rohling
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
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Abstract
The occlusion of a coronary artery by a thrombus generated on a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque has been pursued in the last decades as a determining event for the clinical outcome after myocardial infarction (MI). Yet, MI causes a cell death wave front, which triggers an inflammatory response to clear cellular debris, and which in excess can double the myocardial lesion and influence the clinical prognosis in the short and long term. Accordingly, proper, timely regulated inflammatory response has now been considered a second pivotal player in cardiac recovery after MI justifying the search for pharmacological strategies to modulate inflammatory effectors. This chapter reviews the key events and the main effectors of inflammation after myocardial ischemic insult, as well as the contribution of this phenomenon to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim B Oliveira
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A S M Soares
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Ock S, Kim HM, Lee WS, Ahn J, Kim J. Effect of sodium salicylate on COX-2 expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grabarek B, Bednarczyk M, Mazurek U. The characterization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), its role in cancerogenesis and cardiovascular system diseases and possibilities of using this cytokine as a molecular marker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/fobio-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is directly associated with secretion of cytokines, e.g. tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). This molecule is one of the 22 proteins which belong to TNF family and is secreted mainly by: macrophages, monocytes, T lymphocyte and mast cells. The biological effects of TNF-α is possible through binding this cytokine to specific receptors – TNFR1 and TNFR2. The large number of reports provides that this cytokine plays extremely important role in cancers and cardiovascular disease – two groups of inflammatory diseases. Unfortunately, these diseases are the main cause of death in spite of advances in medicine and increasing public awareness of prevention. It is believed that better understanding both molecular potential of this cytokine and the impact in cancerogenesis and others inflammatory diseases may cause using TNF-α as a molecular marker in these diseases and will make it possible to observe the effects of anti-inflammatory therapy. It will be able to cause a drop in the incidence of these diseases and better monitoring of them.
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Bochaton T, Mewton N, Thiam ND, Lavocat F, Baetz D, Dufay N, Prieur C, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Miossec P, Ovize M. Early kinetics of serum Interleukine-17A and infarct size in patients with reperfused acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188202. [PMID: 29166391 PMCID: PMC5699816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it was shown that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is involved in the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury and associated with infarct size (IS) in experimental models of myocardial infarction. Our aim was to evaluate whether the IL-17A serum level and the IL-17A active fraction was correlated with IS in humans. METHODS 101 patients presenting with a ST-elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and 10 healthy controls were included. For each participant, blood samples at admission (H0) and 4 hours after admission (H4) were collected. IL-17A serum levels were assessed using ELISA and the active fraction was assessed with a functional test. IS was determined by peak troponin and peak CK levels for every patient and by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (ce-CMR) for 20 patients. RESULTS The IL-17A serum level was significantly increased in STEMI patients compared to healthy controls, (0.9 pg/mL IQR [0.0-3.2] at H0 and 1.0 pg/mL IQR [0.2-2.8] at H4 versus 0.2 pg/mL IQR [0.0-0.7] for healthy controls; p<0.005). At either time points, IL-17A levels did not correlate with IS as measured by peak troponin, peak CK pr ce-CMR. Also, no correlation was found between the active fraction of IL-17A and IS. CONCLUSION Serum IL-17A level is significantly increased in patients at the early phase of acute MI compared to healthy controls. However, the level of IL-17A in the early hours after reperfusion does not correlate with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bochaton
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Service d’explorations fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre d’investigation clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - NDieme Thiam
- Immunogénomique et Inflammation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot Pavillon P, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Lavocat
- Immunogénomique et Inflammation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot Pavillon P, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Baetz
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Dufay
- NeuroBioTec, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Prieur
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Cardiologiques, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogénomique et Inflammation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot Pavillon P, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
- Service d’explorations fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre d’investigation clinique de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Tachibana A, Santoso MR, Mahmoudi M, Shukla P, Wang L, Bennett M, Goldstone AB, Wang M, Fukushi M, Ebert AD, Woo YJ, Rulifson E, Yang PC. Paracrine Effects of the Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Myocytes Salvage the Injured Myocardium. Circ Res 2017; 121:e22-e36. [PMID: 28743804 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac myocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells have demonstrated the potential to mitigate damage of the infarcted myocardium and improve left ventricular ejection fraction. However, the mechanism underlying the functional benefit is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the transplantation of cardiac-lineage differentiated derivatives enhance myocardial viability and restore left ventricular ejection fraction more effectively than undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells after a myocardial injury. Herein, we utilize novel multimodality evaluation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), hESC-derived cardiac myocytes (hCMs), human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived cardiac myocytes (iCMs) in a murine myocardial injury model. METHODS AND RESULTS Permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was induced in immunosuppressed mice. Intramyocardial injection was performed with (1) hESCs (n=9), (2) iPSCs (n=8), (3) hCMs (n=9), (4) iCMs (n=14), and (5) PBS control (n=10). Left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial viability, measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, was significantly improved in hCM- and iCM-treated mice compared with pluripotent stem cell- or control-treated mice. Bioluminescence imaging revealed limited cell engraftment in all treated groups, suggesting that the cell secretions may underlie the repair mechanism. To determine the paracrine effects of the transplanted cells, cytokines from supernatants from all groups were assessed in vitro. Gene expression and immunohistochemistry analyses of the murine myocardium demonstrated significant upregulation of the promigratory, proangiogenic, and antiapoptotic targets in groups treated with cardiac lineage cells compared with pluripotent stem cell and control groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the cardiac phenotype of hCMs and iCMs salvages the injured myocardium effectively than undifferentiated stem cells through their differential paracrine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tachibana
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Michelle R Santoso
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Praveen Shukla
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Lei Wang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Mihoko Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Mouer Wang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Antje D Ebert
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Eric Rulifson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.)
| | - Phillip C Yang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.T., M.R.S., M.M., P.S., L.W., M.W., A.D.E., E.R., P.C.Y.), Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine (M.B.), and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.B.G., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan (A.T., M.F.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China (L.W.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Germany (A.D.E.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (A.D.E.).
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Prabhu SD, Frangogiannis NG. The Biological Basis for Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction: From Inflammation to Fibrosis. Circ Res 2017; 119:91-112. [PMID: 27340270 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1255] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, massive sudden loss of cardiomyocytes after infarction overwhelms the limited regenerative capacity of the myocardium, resulting in the formation of a collagen-based scar. Necrotic cells release danger signals, activating innate immune pathways and triggering an intense inflammatory response. Stimulation of toll-like receptor signaling and complement activation induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and chemokines (such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/ chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 [CCL2]). Inflammatory signals promote adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, leading to extravasation of neutrophils and monocytes. As infiltrating leukocytes clear the infarct from dead cells, mediators repressing inflammation are released, and anti-inflammatory mononuclear cell subsets predominate. Suppression of the inflammatory response is associated with activation of reparative cells. Fibroblasts proliferate, undergo myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and deposit large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins maintaining the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and members of the transforming growth factor-β family play an important role in activation of infarct myofibroblasts. Maturation of the scar follows, as a network of cross-linked collagenous matrix is formed and granulation tissue cells become apoptotic. This review discusses the cellular effectors and molecular signals regulating the inflammatory and reparative response after myocardial infarction. Dysregulation of immune pathways, impaired suppression of postinfarction inflammation, perturbed spatial containment of the inflammatory response, and overactive fibrosis may cause adverse remodeling in patients with infarction contributing to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Therapeutic modulation of the inflammatory and reparative response may hold promise for the prevention of postinfarction heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanth D Prabhu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Medical Service, Birmingham VAMC (S.D.P.); and Department of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (N.G.F.)
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Medical Service, Birmingham VAMC (S.D.P.); and Department of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (N.G.F.).
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Li X, Yuan H, Li Q, Sun Z, Liu J, Wu W. Effects of ERK1/2 signal pathway on cardiomyocyte during glucose lowering. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:365-369. [PMID: 28425329 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1286675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway affects cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) at different glucose-lowering rates. METHODS Cardiomyocytes of Wistar neonate rats were maintained in a medium supplemented with 25 mmol/L glucosamine for 72 h. Then the medium was changed to different concentrations of glucosamine, and all cells were divided into five groups. The survival rate of cardiomyocyte was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8; cardiomyocyte apoptosis was measured using the flow cytometry instrument and laser confocal microscope; TNF-α was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and ERK1/2 protein and phosphorylation were measured using the Western blot. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and TNF-α were measured again after adding U0126. RESULTS As the glucose-lowering rate increased, the survival rate of cardiomyocytes increased in group B and decreased in groups C, D, and E. The TNF-α concentration increased in groups B, C, and D and decreased in group E. After 24 h, the apoptosis rate decreased in group B and increased in groups C, D, and E. The expression of p-ERK1/2 increased in groups B, D, and E, and was the lowest in group C. After adding U0126, the survival rate of cardiomyocyte in all groups increased and TNF-α concentration decreased. CONCLUSIONS The influence of glucose-lowering rate on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and TNF-α was caused by the p-ERK1/2 pathway. During the glucose-lowering course, the p-ERK1/2 pathway promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and TNF-α secretion was related to not only osmotic pressure but also ERK1/2 signal pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- a Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Hui Yuan
- b Department of Endocrinology , Daqing Oil Field General Hospital , Daqing , China
| | - Qian Li
- a Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Zhenjie Sun
- a Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Weihua Wu
- a Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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