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Doering LN, Gerling N, Linnenbrügger L, Lansing H, Baune MC, Fischer K, von Schaewen A. Evidence for dual targeting control of Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase isoforms by N-terminal phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2848-2866. [PMID: 38412416 PMCID: PMC11103113 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (OPPP) retrieves NADPH from glucose-6-phosphate, which is important in chloroplasts at night and in plastids of heterotrophic tissues. We previously studied how OPPP enzymes may transiently locate to peroxisomes, but how this is achieved for the third enzyme remained unclear. By extending our genetic approach, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis isoform 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2 (PGD2) is indispensable in peroxisomes during fertilization, and investigated why all PGD-reporter fusions show a mostly cytosolic pattern. A previously published interaction of a plant PGD with thioredoxin m was confirmed using Trxm2 for yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) assays, and medial reporter fusions (with both ends accessible) proved to be beneficial for studying peroxisomal targeting of PGD2. Of special importance were phosphomimetic changes at Thr6, resulting in a clear targeting switch to peroxisomes, while a similar change at position Ser7 in PGD1 conferred plastid import. Apparently, efficient subcellular localization can be achieved by activating an unknown kinase, either early after or during translation. N-terminal phosphorylation of PGD2 interfered with dimerization in the cytosol, thus allowing accessibility of the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1). Notably, we identified amino acid positions that are conserved among plant PGD homologues, with PTS1 motifs first appearing in ferns, suggesting a functional link to fertilization during the evolution of seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Nico Doering
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Niklas Gerling
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Loreen Linnenbrügger
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes Lansing
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Baune
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Shafique Ahmad K, Shehzad MA, Javid H, Mehmood A, Akhtar G, Zafar S, Mahroof S, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO, Ulfat A, Abid H. Transgenerational Seed Exposure to Elevated CO 2 Involves Stress Memory Regulation at Metabolic Levels to Confer Drought Resistance in Wheat. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20042-20055. [PMID: 38737051 PMCID: PMC11079883 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought is the worst environmental stress constraint that inflicts heavy losses to global food production, such as wheat. The metabolic responses of seeds produced overtransgenerational exposure to e[CO2] to recover drought's effects on wheat are still unexplored. Seeds were produced constantly for four generations (F1 to F4) under ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 400 μmol L-1) and elevated CO2 (e[CO2], 800 μmol L-1) concentrations, and then further regrown under natural CO2 conditions to investigate their effects on the stress memory metabolic processes liable for increasing drought resistance in the next generation (F5). At the anthesis stage, plants were subjected to normal (100% FC, field capacity) and drought stress (60% FC) conditions. Under drought stress, plants of transgenerational e[CO2] exposed seeds showed markedly increased superoxide dismutase (16%), catalase (24%), peroxidase (9%), total antioxidants (14%), and proline (35%) levels that helped the plants to sustain normal growth through scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (11%) and malondialdehyde (26%). The carbohydrate metabolic enzymes such as aldolase (36%), phosphoglucomutase (12%), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (25%), vacuolar invertase (33%), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (68%), and cell wall invertase (17%) were decreased significantly; however, transgenerational seeds produced under e[CO2] showed a considerable increase in their activities in drought-stressed wheat plants. Moreover, transgenerational e[CO2] exposed seeds under drought stress caused a marked increase in leaf Ψw (15%), chlorophyll a (19%), chlorophyll b (8%), carotenoids (12%), grain spike (16%), hundred grain weight (19%), and grain yield (10%). Hence, transgenerational seeds exposed to e[CO2] upregulate the drought recovery metabolic processes to improve the grain yield of wheat under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Shehzad
- Institute
of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad
Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Hina Javid
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department
of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef
University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department
of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Mahroof
- Institute
of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory
of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland
Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department
of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department
of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aneela Ulfat
- Department
of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University
Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu
and Kashmir 12080, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Abid
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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3
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Scharte J, Hassa S, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Forlani G, Weis E, von Schaewen A. Metabolic priming in G6PDH isoenzyme-replaced tobacco lines improves stress tolerance and seed yields via altering assimilate partitioning. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1696-1716. [PMID: 37713307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the basis for better performance of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants with G6PDH-isoenzyme replacement in the cytosol (Xanthi::cP2::cytRNAi, Scharte et al., 2009). After six generations of selfing, infiltration of Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores into source leaves confirmed that defence responses (ROS, callose) are accelerated, showing as fast cell death of the infected tissue. Yet, stress-related hormone profiles resembled susceptible Xanthi and not resistant cultivar SNN, hinting at mainly metabolic adjustments in the transgenic lines. Leaves of non-stressed plants contained twofold elevated fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6P2 ) levels, leading to partial sugar retention (soluble sugars, starch) and elevated hexose-to-sucrose ratios, but also more lipids. Above-ground biomass lay in between susceptible Xanthi and resistant SNN, with photo-assimilates preferentially allocated to inflorescences. Seeds were heavier with higher lipid-to-carbohydrate ratios, resulting in increased harvest yields - also under water limitation. Abiotic stress tolerance (salt, drought) was improved during germination, and in floated leaf disks of non-stressed plants. In leaves of salt-watered plants, proline accumulated to higher levels during illumination, concomitant with efficient NADP(H) use and recycling. Non-stressed plants showed enhanced PSII-induction kinetics (upon dark-light transition) with little differences at the stationary phase. Leaf exudates contained 10% less sucrose, similar amino acids, but more fatty acids - especially in the light. Export of specific fatty acids via the phloem may contribute to both, earlier flowering and higher seed yields of the Xanthi-cP2 lines. Apparently, metabolic priming by F2,6P2 -combined with sustained NADP(H) turnover-bypasses the genetically fixed growth-defence trade-off, rendering tobacco plants more stress-resilient and productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Scharte
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hassa
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB), Abteilung Biochemie der Pflanze, Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB), Abteilung Biochemie der Pflanze, Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia e Biochimica Vegetale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Engelbert Weis
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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Wang Y, Sun Q, Zhao J, Liu T, Du H, Shan W, Wu K, Xue X, Yang C, Liu J, Chen Z, Hu K, Feng Z, Zuo S. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qSB12 YSB, a gene conferring major quantitative resistance to rice sheath blight. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:246. [PMID: 37973669 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE qSB12YSB, a major quantitative sheath blight resistance gene originated from rice variety YSBR1 with good breeding potential, was mapped to a 289-Kb region on chromosome 12. Sheath blight (ShB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani kühn, is one of the most serious global rice diseases. Rice resistance to ShB is a typical of quantitative trait controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Many QTLs for ShB resistance have been reported while only few of them were fine-mapped. In this study, we identified a QTL on chromosome 12, in which the qSB12YSB resistant allele shows significant ShB resistance, by using 150 BC4 backcross inbred lines employing the resistant rice variety YSBR1 as the donor and the susceptible variety Lemont (LE) as the recurrent parent. We further fine-mapped qSB12YSB to a 289-kb region by generating 34 chromosomal segment substitution lines and identified a total of 18 annotated genes as the most likely candidates for qSB12YSB after analyzing resequencing and transcriptomic data. KEGG analysis suggested that qSB12YSB might activate secondary metabolites biosynthesis and ROS scavenging system to improve ShB resistance. qSB12YSB conferred significantly stable resistance in three commercial rice cultivars (NJ9108, NJ5055 and NJ44) in field trials when introduced through marker assisted selection. Under severe ShB disease conditions, qSB12YSB significantly reduced yield losses by up to 13.5% in the LE background, indicating its great breeding potential. Our results will accelerate the isolation of qSB12YSB and its utilization in rice breeding programs against ShB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Taixuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Keting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Safety and Environment Technology and Equipment for Planting and Breeding Industry Engineering Research Center, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shimin Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China/Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Aliyeva N, Nasibova A, Mammadov Z, Eftekhari A, Khalilov R. Individual and combinative effect of NaCl and γ-radiation on NADPH-generating enzymes activity in corn ( Zea mays L. ) sprouts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22126. [PMID: 38034760 PMCID: PMC10685361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Being a universal reducing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) plays an important role in the cellular metabolism and the implementation of anti-stress reactions in plants. There are only a few enzymes that ensure the NADPH pool formation in cells. Among them, the most important are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49), malate dehydrogenase decarboxylating (DMDH, malic enzyme, EC 1.1.1.40) and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH, EC 1.1.1.42). The presented investigation is devoted to studying the influence of the individual and combinative effects of NaCl and γ-radiation as abiotic stress factors on biometric indicators and activity of these NADPH-generating enzymes, on organic content, and the formation of paramagnetic centers as defense reaction in corn (Zagatala-68 genotype) sprouts. It was found that 100 mM NaCl had an inhibitory effect on the development of sprouts. Relatively lower doses (50 Gy and 100 Gy) of γ-radiation had a positive, but its higher doses (150 Gy and 200 Gy) had a negative effect on this process. 500 Gy was a lethal dose (LD) for the corn sprouts. Combinative stress in all cases considerably delayed the development of sprouts. G6PDH showed the highest activity in the first, whereas, NADP-IDH showed the same activity in the last days of the experiment. All three enzymes, especially the G6PDH, have been activated in both root and stem tissues under the influence of stress factors (either radiation or salt). Combinative stress (γ-radiation + salt) also led to an induction of these activities which was necessary to neutralize the negative consequences of stress factors. Stress factors in all cases also had a negative effect on the content of organic matter in seedlings. Ionizing gamma radiation, which resulted in the formation of new paramagnetic centers as an anti-stress defense reaction in many cases was observed in wheat seedlings, but not in corn sprouts, which clearly shows that there are some differences in the protective mechanisms of these C3- and C4-types of plants to γ-radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Aliyeva
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, AZ1148, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Aygun Nasibova
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, AZ1148, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Institute of Radiation Problems, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, AZ1143, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Nanotechnology and Biochemical Toxicology (NBT) Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, AZ1001, Azerbaijan
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ziyaddin Mammadov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Baku State University, AZ1148, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, 35040, Turkey
- Nanotechnology and Biochemical Toxicology (NBT) Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, AZ1001, Azerbaijan
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, AZ1148, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Institute of Radiation Problems, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, AZ1143, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Nanotechnology and Biochemical Toxicology (NBT) Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, AZ1001, Azerbaijan
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
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6
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Wang X, Shi C, Hu Y, Ma Y, Yi Y, Jia H, Li F, Sun H, Li T, Wang X, Li T, Li J. Persulfidation maintains cytosolic G6PDs activity through changing tetrameric structure and competing cysteine sulfur oxidation under salt stress in Arabidopsis and tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:626-643. [PMID: 37574819 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (G6PDs) are essential regulators of cellular redox. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a small gasotransmitter that improves plant adaptation to stress; however, its role in regulating G6PD oligomerization to resist oxidative stress remains unknown in plants. Persulfidation of cytosolic G6PDs was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). The structural change model of AtG6PD6 homooligomer was built by chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry (CXMS). We isolated AtG6PD6C159A and SlG6PDCC155A transgenic lines to confirm the in vivo function of persulfidated sites with the g6pd5,6 background. Persulfidation occurs at Arabidopsis G6PD6 Cystine (Cys)159 and tomato G6PDC Cys155, leading to alterations of spatial distance between lysine (K)491-K475 from 42.0 Å to 10.3 Å within the G6PD tetramer. The structural alteration occurs in the structural NADP+ binding domain, which governs the stability of G6PD homooligomer. Persulfidation enhances G6PD oligomerization, thereby increasing substrate affinity. Under high salt stress, cytosolic G6PDs activity was inhibited due to oxidative modifications. Persulfidation protects these specific sites and prevents oxidative damage. In summary, H2 S-mediated persulfidation promotes cytosolic G6PD activity by altering homotetrameric structure. The cytosolic G6PD adaptive regulation with two kinds of protein modifications at the atomic and molecular levels is critical for the cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Cong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuying Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Honglei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Fali Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haotian Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiuyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianjinhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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7
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Wu B, Qi F, Liang Y. Fuels for ROS signaling in plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1124-1131. [PMID: 37188557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling has an important role in plant innate immune responses and is primarily mediated by NADPH oxidase, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) in plants. NADPH serves as a fuel for RBOHs and limits the rate or amount of ROS production. Molecular regulation of RBOHs has been extensively studied; however, the source of NADPH for RBOHs has received little attention. Here, we review ROS signaling and the regulation of RBOHs in the plant immune system with a focus on NADPH regulation to achieve ROS homeostasis. We propose an idea to regulate the levels of NADPH as part of a new strategy to control ROS signaling and the corresponding downstream defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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8
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Janicka M, Reda M, Mroczko E, Wdowikowska A, Kabała K. Jasmonic Acid Effect on Cucumis sativus L. Growth Is Related to Inhibition of Plasma Membrane Proton Pump and the Uptake and Assimilation of Nitrates. Cells 2023; 12:2263. [PMID: 37759486 PMCID: PMC10526807 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When plants are exposed to environmental stress, their growth is inhibited. Under such conditions, controlled inhibition of growth is beneficial for plant survival. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a well-known phytohormone that limits plant growth, which has been confirmed in several species. However, its role in cucumber seedlings has not yet been comprehensively investigated. For this reason, we aimed to determine the involvement of JA in the regulation of proteins crucial for growth including plasma membrane proton pump (PM H+-ATPase), PM nitrate transporters, and nitrate reductase (NR). Treatment of cucumber seedlings with JA not only limited their growth but also increased the H2O2 content in their roots. The main sources of ROS generated for signalling purposes are PM NADPH oxidase (RBOH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Exposure of seedlings to JA induced the expression of some CsRBOH and SOD encoding genes, suggesting that ROS signalling can be activated by JA. As a consequence of JA exposure, the activity of all analysed proteins was inhibited and the expression of their genes was modified. The results indicate that reduction of PM H+-ATPase activity and the related decrease in nitrate uptake and assimilation are responsible for the root growth retardation of JA-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Kabała
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland; (M.J.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (A.W.)
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9
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Née G, Wang F, Châtel-Innocenti G, Mhamdi A, Juranville E, Vanacker H, Noctor G, Issakidis-Bourguet E. Thioredoxins m regulate plastid glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Arabidopsis roots under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1179112. [PMID: 37332692 PMCID: PMC10274509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1179112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain several NADPH-producing enzymes including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (G6PDH) with different sub-cellular localizations. The activity of plastidial G6PDHs is redox-regulated by thioredoxins (TRX). Although specific TRXs are known to regulate chloroplastic isoforms of G6PDH, little information is available for plastidic isoforms found in heterotrophic organs or tissues. Here, we investigated TRX regulation of the two G6PDH plastidic isoforms of Arabidopsis roots during exposure to a mild salt stress. We report that in vitro m-type TRXs are the most efficient regulators of the G6PDH2 and G6PDH3 mainly found in Arabidopsis roots. While expression of the corresponding G6PD and plastidic TRX genes was marginally affected by salt, it impaired root growth of several of the corresponding mutant lines. Using an in situ assay for G6PDH, G6PDH2 was found to be the major contributor to salt-induced increases in activity, while data from ROS assays further provide in vivo evidence that TRX m acts in redox regulation during salt stress. Taken together, our data suggest that regulation of plastid G6PDH activity by TRX m may be an important player regulating NADPH production in Arabidopsis roots undergoing salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Née
- *Correspondence: Guillaume Née, ; Emmanuelle Issakidis-Bourguet,
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10
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Bagnato L, Tosato E, Gurrieri L, Trost P, Forlani G, Sparla F. Arabidopsis thaliana Sucrose Phosphate Synthase A2 Affects Carbon Partitioning and Drought Response. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050685. [PMID: 37237499 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is essential for plants for several reasons: It is a source of energy, a signaling molecule, and a source of carbon skeletons. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) catalyzes the conversion of uridine diphosphate glucose and fructose-6-phosphate to sucrose-6-phosphate, which is rapidly dephosphorylated by sucrose phosphatase. SPS is critical in the accumulation of sucrose because it catalyzes an irreversible reaction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SPSs form a gene family of four members, whose specific functions are not clear yet. In the present work, the role of SPSA2 was investigated in Arabidopsis under both control and drought stress conditions. In seeds and seedlings, major phenotypic traits were not different in wild-type compared with spsa2 knockout plants. By contrast, 35-day-old plants showed some differences in metabolites and enzyme activities even under control conditions. In response to drought, SPSA2 was transcriptionally activated, and the divergences between the two genotypes were higher, with spsa2 showing reduced proline accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation. Total soluble sugars and fructose concentrations were about halved compared with wild-type plants, and the plastid component of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway was activated. Unlike previous reports, our results support the involvement of SPSA2 in both carbon partitioning and drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bagnato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Tosato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Li X, Cai Q, Yu T, Li S, Li S, Li Y, Sun Y, Ren H, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zuo Y. ZmG6PDH1 in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family enhances cold stress tolerance in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116237. [PMID: 36968417 PMCID: PMC10034328 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway responsible for the generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), thereby playing a central role in facilitating cellular responses to stress and maintaining redox homeostasis. This study aimed to characterize five G6PDH gene family members in maize. The classification of these ZmG6PDHs into plastidic and cytosolic isoforms was enabled by phylogenetic and transit peptide predictive analyses and confirmed by subcellular localization imaging analyses using maize mesophyll protoplasts. These ZmG6PDH genes exhibited distinctive expression patterns across tissues and developmental stages. Exposure to stressors, including cold, osmotic stress, salinity, and alkaline conditions, also significantly affected the expression and activity of the ZmG6PDHs, with particularly high expression of a cytosolic isoform (ZmG6PDH1) in response to cold stress and closely correlated with G6PDH enzymatic activity, suggesting that it may play a central role in shaping responses to cold conditions. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ZmG6PDH1 on the B73 background led to enhanced cold stress sensitivity. Significant changes in the redox status of the NADPH, ascorbic acid (ASA), and glutathione (GSH) pools were observed after exposure of the zmg6pdh1 mutants to cold stress, with this disrupted redox balance contributing to increased production of reactive oxygen species and resultant cellular damage and death. Overall, these results highlight the importance of cytosolic ZmG6PDH1 in supporting maize resistance to cold stress, at least in part by producing NADPH that can be used by the ASA-GSH cycle to mitigate cold-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop-Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Quan Cai
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sinan Li
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Honglei Ren
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuhu Zuo
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop-Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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12
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A Chloroplast-Localized Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Positively Regulates Stripe Rust Resistance in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010459. [PMID: 36613899 PMCID: PMC9820208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), plays a pivotal role in plant stress responses. However, the function and mechanism of G6PDHs in crop plants challenged by fungal pathogens remain poorly understood. In this study, a wheat G6DPH gene responding to infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), designated TaG6PDH2, was cloned and functionally identified. TaG6PDH2 expression was significantly upregulated in wheat leaves inoculated with Pst or treated with abiotic stress factors. Heterologous mutant complementation and enzymatic properties indicate that TaG6PDH2 encodes a G6PDH protein. The transient expression of TaG6PDH2 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and wheat protoplasts revealed that TaG6PDH2 is a chloroplast-targeting protein. Silencing TaG6PDH2 via the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system led to compromised wheat resistance to the Pst avirulent pathotype CYR23, which is implicated in weakened H2O2 accumulation and cell death. In addition, TaG6PDH2 was confirmed to interact with the wheat glutaredoxin TaGrxS4. These results demonstrate that TaG6PDH2 endows wheat with increased resistance to stripe rust by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
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13
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Chadee A, Mohammad M, Vanlerberghe GC. Evidence that mitochondrial alternative oxidase respiration supports carbon balance in source leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153840. [PMID: 36265227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) represents a non-energy conserving pathway within the mitochondrial electron transport chain. One potential physiological role of AOX could be to manage leaf carbohydrate amounts by supporting respiratory carbon oxidation reactions. In this study, several approaches tested the hypothesis that AOX1a gene expression in Nicotiana tabacum leaf is enhanced in conditions expected to promote an increased leaf carbohydrate status. These approaches included supplying leaves with exogenous carbohydrates, comparing plants grown at different atmospheric CO2 concentrations, comparing sink leaves with source leaves, comparing plants with different ratios of source to sink activity, and examining gene expression over the diel cycle. In each case, the pattern of AOX1a gene expression was compared with that of other genes known to respond to carbohydrates and/or other factors related to source:sink activity. These included GPT1 and GPT3 (that encode chloroplast glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocators), SPS (that encodes sucrose phosphate synthase), SUT1 (that encodes a sucrose/H+ symporter involved in phloem loading) and UCP1 (that encodes a mitochondrial uncoupling protein). The AOX1a transcript amount was higher following the leaf sink-to-source transition, and in plants with higher source relative to sink activity due to increasing plant age. Further, these effects were amplified in plants grown at elevated CO2 to stimulate source activity, particularly at end-of-day time periods. The AOX1a transcript amount was also higher following treatment of leaves with carbohydrate, in particular sucrose. Overall, the results provide evidence that, while source leaf sucrose accumulation may signal for a down-regulation of sucrose synthesis and transport, it also signals for means to manage the excess cytosolic carbohydrate pools. This includes increased AOX respiration to support carbon oxidation pathways even if energy charge is high, in combination perhaps with some return flux of carbohydrate from cytosol to stroma through the GPT3 translocator. As discussed, these activities could contribute to maintaining plant source:sink balance, as well as photosynthetic and phloem loading capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Masoom Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada.
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14
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Kopczewski T, Kuźniak E, Ciereszko I, Kornaś A. Alterations in Primary Carbon Metabolism in Cucumber Infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans: Local and Systemic Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012418. [PMID: 36293272 PMCID: PMC9603868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconfiguration of the primary metabolism is essential in plant–pathogen interactions. We compared the local metabolic responses of cucumber leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans (Psl) with those in non-inoculated systemic leaves, by examining the changes in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides pools, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and activities/gene expression of carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle-linked metabolite contents and enzyme activities. In the infected leaves, Psl induced a metabolic signature with an altered [NAD(P)H]/[NAD(P)+] ratio; decreased glucose and sucrose contents, along with a changed invertase gene expression; and increased glucose turnover and accumulation of raffinose, trehalose, and myo-inositol. The accumulation of oxaloacetic and malic acids, enhanced activities, and gene expression of fumarase and l-malate dehydrogenase, as well as the increased respiration rate in the infected leaves, indicated that Psl induced the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The changes in gene expression of ribulose-l,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large unit, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were compatible with a net photosynthesis decline described earlier. Psl triggered metabolic changes common to the infected and non-infected leaves, the dynamics of which differed quantitatively (e.g., malic acid content and metabolism, glucose-6-phosphate accumulation, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity) and those specifically related to the local or systemic response (e.g., changes in the sugar content and turnover). Therefore, metabolic changes in the systemic leaves may be part of the global effects of local infection on the whole-plant metabolism and also represent a specific acclimation response contributing to balancing growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kopczewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
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15
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Linnenbrügger L, Doering L, Lansing H, Fischer K, Eirich J, Finkemeier I, von Schaewen A. Alternative splicing of Arabidopsis G6PD5 recruits NADPH-producing OPPP reactions to the endoplasmic reticulum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909624. [PMID: 36119606 PMCID: PMC9478949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the rate-limiting enzyme of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (OPPP). The OPPP mainly provides NADPH and sugar-phosphate building blocks for anabolic pathways and is present in all eukaryotes. In plant cells, the irreversible part of the OPPP is found in several compartments. Among the isoforms catalyzing the first OPPP step in Arabidopsis, G6PD1 to G6PD4 target plastids (with G6PD1 being also directed to peroxisomes), whereas G6PD5 and G6PD6 operate in the cytosol. We noticed that alternative splice forms G6PD5.4 and G6PD5.5 encode N-terminally extended proteoforms. Compared to G6PD5.1, RT-PCR signals differed and fluorescent reporter fusions expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts accumulated in distinct intracellular sites. Co-expression with organelle-specific markers revealed that the G6PD5.4 and G6PD5.5 proteoforms label different subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and analysis of C-terminal roGFP fusions showed that their catalytic domains face the cytosol. In g6pd5-1 g6pd6-2 mutant protoplasts lacking cytosolic G6PDH activity, the ER-bound proteoforms were both active and thus able to form homomers. Among the Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconolactonases (catalyzing the second OPPP step), we noticed that isoform PGL2 carries a C-terminal CaaX motif that may be prenylated for membrane attachment. Reporter-PGL2 fusions co-localized with G6PD5.4 in ER subdomains, which was abolished by Cys-to-Ser exchange in the 256CSIL motif. Among the Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (catalyzing the third OPPP step), S-acylated peptides were detected for all three isoforms in a recent palmitoylome, with dual cytosolic/peroxisomal PGD2 displaying three sites. Co-expression of GFP-PGD2 diminished crowding of OFP-G6PD5.4 at the ER, independent of PGL2's presence. Upon pull-down of GFP-G6PD5.4, not only unlabeled PGD2 and PGL2 were enriched, but also enzymes that depend on NADPH provision at the ER, indicative of physical interaction with the OPPP enzymes. When membrane-bound G6PD5.5 and 5.4 variants were co-expressed with KCR1 (ketoacyl-CoA reductase, involved in fatty acid elongation), ATR1 (NADPH:cytochrome-P450 oxidoreductase), or pulled C4H/CYP73A5 (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase) as indirectly (via ATR) NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme, co-localization in ER subdomains was observed. Thus, alternative splicing of G6PD5 can direct the NADPH-producing OPPP reactions to the cytosolic face of the ER, where they may operate as membrane-bound metabolon to support several important biosynthetic pathways of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreen Linnenbrügger
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Lennart Doering
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes Lansing
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Department of Biology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU Münster), Münster, Germany
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16
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Kabała K, Reda M, Wdowikowska A, Janicka M. Role of Plasma Membrane NADPH Oxidase in Response to Salt Stress in Cucumber Seedlings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081534. [PMID: 36009253 PMCID: PMC9404751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (RBOHs, EC 1.6.3.1) are known as the main ROS generators involved in plant adaptation to stress conditions. In the present work, regulation of NADPH oxidase was analyzed in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. Krak) seedlings exposed to salinity. RBOH activity and gene expression, as well as H2O2 content, were determined in the roots of plants treated with 50 or 100 mM NaCl for 1 h, and 50 mM NaCl for 1 or 6 days. It was found that enzyme activity increased in parallel with an enhancement in the H2O2 level in roots exposed to 100 mM NaCl for 1 h, and to 50 mM NaCl for 1 day. The expression of some CsRboh genes was induced by salt. Moreover, an increase in the activity of G6PDH, providing the substrate for the NADPH oxidase, was observed. In seedlings subjected to salinity for a longer time, antioxidant enzymes-including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase-were activated, participating in maintaining a steady-state H2O2 content in the root cells. In conclusion, NADPH oxidase and endogenous H2O2 up-regulation seem to be early events in cucumber response to salinity.
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17
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Duran Garzon C, Lequart M, Charras Q, Fournet F, Bellenger L, Sellier-Richard H, Giauffret C, Vermerris W, Domon JM, Rayon C. The maize low-lignin brown midrib3 mutant shows pleiotropic effects on photosynthetic and cell wall metabolisms in response to chilling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:75-86. [PMID: 35636334 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major cereal crops in the world and is highly sensitive to low temperature. Here, changes in photosynthetic and cell wall metabolisms were investigated during a long chilling exposure in inbred line F2 and a low-lignin near-isogenic brown midrib3 mutant (F2bm3), which has a mutation in the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. Results revealed that the plant biomass was reduced, and this was more pronounced in F2bm3. Photosynthesis was altered in both lines with distinct changes in photosynthetic pigment content between F2bm3 and F2, indicating an alternative photoprotection mechanism between lines under chilling. Starch remobilization was observed in F2bm3 while concentrations of sucrose, fructose and starch increased in F2, suggesting a reduced sugar partitioning in F2. The cell wall was altered upon chilling, resulting in changes in the composition of glucuronorabinoxylan and a reduced cellulose level in F2. Chilling shifted lignin subunit composition in F2bm3 mutant to a higher proportion of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units, whereas it resulted in lignin with a higher proportion of syringyl (S) residues in F2. On average, the total cell wall ferulic acid (FA) content increased in both genotypes, with an increase in ether-linked FA in F2bm3, suggesting a greater degree of cross-linking to lignin. The reinforcement of the cell wall with lignin enriched in H-units and a higher concentration in cell-wall-bound FA observed in F2bm3 as a response to chilling, could be a strategy to protect the photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Duran Garzon
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Michelle Lequart
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Quentin Charras
- UMR 7265 Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Françoise Fournet
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Léo Bellenger
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France; EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Hélène Sellier-Richard
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, Unité Expérimentale Grandes Cultures Innovation et Environnement, Estrées-Mons, 80203, Péronne, France
| | - Catherine Giauffret
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, AgroImpact, Estrées-Mons, 80203, Péronne, France
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, UF Genetics Institute, Florida Center for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Catherine Rayon
- UMR-INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France.
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18
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Alvarez ME, Savouré A, Szabados L. Proline metabolism as regulatory hub. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:39-55. [PMID: 34366236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proline is a multifunctional amino acid that is accumulated in high concentrations in plants under various stress conditions. Proline accumulation is intimately connected to many cellular processes, such as osmotic pressure, energy status, nutrient availability, changes in redox balance, and defenses against pathogens. Proline biosynthesis and catabolism is linked to photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration, respectively. Proline can function as a signal, modulating gene expression and certain metabolic processes. We review important findings on proline metabolism and function of the last decade, giving a more informative picture about the function of this unusual amino acid in maintaining cellular homeostasis, modulating plant development, and promoting stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Alvarez
- CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 6726-Szeged, Hungary.
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Zhang D, Liu T, Sheng J, Lv S, Ren L. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Physiological Regulatory Networks of Embryo Dehydration Protection in Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:792057. [PMID: 34975978 PMCID: PMC8718645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.792057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lotus is an aquatic plant that is sensitive to water loss, but its seeds are longevous after seed embryo dehydration and maturation. The great difference between the responses of vegetative organs and seeds to dehydration is related to the special protective mechanism in embryos. In this study, tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technologies were used to obtain novel insights into the physiological regulatory networks during lotus seed dehydration process. Totally, 60,266 secondary spectra and 32,093 unique peptides were detected. A total of 5,477 proteins and 815 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified based on TMT data. Of these, 582 DEPs were continuously downregulated and 228 proteins were significantly up-regulated during the whole dehydration process. Bioinformatics and protein-protein interaction network analyses indicated that carbohydrate metabolism (including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and cell wall organization), protein processing in ER, DNA repair, and antioxidative events had positive responses to lotus embryo dehydration. On the contrary, energy metabolism (metabolic pathway, photosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis) and secondary metabolism (terpenoid backbone, steroid, flavonoid biosynthesis) gradually become static status during lotus embryo water loss and maturation. Furthermore, non-enzymatic antioxidants and pentose phosphate pathway play major roles in antioxidant protection during dehydration process in lotus embryo. Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and the accumulation of oligosaccharides, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, and heat shock proteins may be the key factors to ensure the continuous dehydration and storage tolerance of lotus seed embryo. Stress physiology detection showed that H2O2 was the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) component inducing oxidative stress damage, and glutathione and vitamin E acted as the major antioxidant to maintain the REDOX balance of lotus embryo during the dehydration process. These results provide new insights to reveal the physiological regulatory networks of the protective mechanism of embryo dehydration in lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangyuan Sheng
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lv
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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20
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Landi S, Capasso G, Esposito S. Different G6PDH isoforms show specific roles in acclimation to cold stress at various growth stages of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:190-202. [PMID: 34801973 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures (0-10 °C) represent a major physiological stress for plants, negatively affecting both their growth rates and overall growth. Cold stress may induce a wide range of negative physiological effects, from oxidative stress to photosynthetic damage. We investigated the effects of low temperatures in two different model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Hordeum vulgare. We tested whether the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) is involved in the increase of reductants' levels needed to counteract oxidative stress induced by cold. The expression, occurrence, and activity of different glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) isoforms during cold stress and plant recovery from low temperatures, were measured at different growth stages from early germinated to mature pot-grown plants. Our results showed plants exhibited changes in different stress markers; ascorbate peroxidase - APX, catalase - CAT, proline, malondialdehyde, H2O2, NADPH/NADP+. We found that a major role in cold acclimation for cytosolic- and peroxisome-located G6PDHs, and different roles for plastidial/chloroplastic isoforms. This suggests that G6PDH isoforms may regulate redox homeostasis in low temperatures, in order to support the increased and continued demand of reductants during both cold stress and recovery stages. Furthermore, we found a significant involvement of (6PGDH), strengthening the idea that the contribution of the whole oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) is required to sustain reductant supply under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Capasso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
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21
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Santiago JP, Soltani A, Bresson MM, Preiser AL, Lowry DB, Sharkey TD. Contrasting anther glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities between two bean varieties suggest an important role in reproductive heat tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2185-2199. [PMID: 33783858 PMCID: PMC8360076 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are highly sensitive to elevated temperatures, and rising global temperatures threaten bean production. Plants at the reproductive stage are especially susceptible to heat stress due to damage to male (anthers) and female (ovary) reproductive tissues, with anthers being more sensitive to heat. Heat damage promotes early tapetal cell degradation, and in beans this was shown to cause male infertility. In this study, we focus on understanding how changes in leaf carbon export in response to elevated temperature stress contribute to heat-induced infertility. We hypothesize that anther glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity plays an important role at elevated temperature and promotes thermotolerance. To test this hypothesis, we compared heat-tolerant and susceptible common bean genotypes using a combination of phenotypic, biochemical, and physiological approaches. Our results identified changes in leaf sucrose export, anther sugar accumulation and G6PDH activity and anther H2 O2 levels and antioxidant-related enzymes between genotypes at elevated temperature. Further, anther respiration rate was found to be lower at high temperature in both bean varieties. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that enhanced male reproductive heat tolerance involves changes in the anther oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, which supplies reductants to critical H2 O2 scavenging enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Santiago
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Ali Soltani
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Madeline M. Bresson
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Alyssa L. Preiser
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - David B. Lowry
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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22
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Sharma S, Sundaresha S, Bhardwaj V. Biotechnological approaches in management of oomycetes diseases. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:274. [PMID: 34040923 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic oomycetes cause significant impact on agriculture and, therefore, their management is utmost important. Though conventional methods to combat these pathogens (resistance breeding and use of fungicides) are available but these are limited by the availability of resistant cultivars due to evolution of new pathogenic races, development of resistance in the pathogens against agrochemicals and their potential hazardous effects on the environment and human health. This has fuelled a continual search for novel and alternate strategies for management of phytopathogens. The recent advances in oomycetes genome (Phytophthora infestans, P. ramorum, P. sojae, Pythium ultimum, Albugo candida etc.) would further help in understanding host-pathogen interactions essentially needed for designing effective management strategies. In the present communication the novel and alternate strategies for the management of oomycetes diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Sharma
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - S Sundaresha
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
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23
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Transcriptome integrated metabolic modeling of carbon assimilation underlying storage root development in cassava. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8758. [PMID: 33888810 PMCID: PMC8062692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The existing genome-scale metabolic model of carbon metabolism in cassava storage roots, rMeCBM, has proven particularly resourceful in exploring the metabolic basis for the phenotypic differences between high and low-yield cassava cultivars. However, experimental validation of predicted metabolic fluxes by carbon labeling is quite challenging. Here, we incorporated gene expression data of developing storage roots into the basic flux-balance model to minimize infeasible metabolic fluxes, denoted as rMeCBMx, thereby improving the plausibility of the simulation and predictive power. Three different conceptual algorithms, GIMME, E-Flux, and HPCOF were evaluated. The rMeCBMx-HPCOF model outperformed others in predicting carbon fluxes in the metabolism of storage roots and, in particular, was highly consistent with transcriptome of high-yield cultivars. The flux prediction was improved through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in cytosol, as has been reported in various studies on root metabolism, but hardly captured by simple FBA models. Moreover, the presence of fluxes through cytosolic glycolysis and alanine biosynthesis pathways were predicted with high consistency with gene expression levels. This study sheds light on the importance of prediction power in the modeling of complex plant metabolism. Integration of multi-omics data would further help mitigate the ill-posed problem of constraint-based modeling, allowing more realistic simulation.
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Tian Y, Peng K, Bao Y, Zhang D, Meng J, Wang D, Wang X, Cang J. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase genes of winter wheat enhance the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:86-97. [PMID: 33581622 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, winter wheat G6PDH (TaG6PDH) and 6PGDH (Ta6PGDH) were investigated. Both their expression and their activity were upregulated under cold stress, suggesting that TaG6PDH and Ta6PGDH positively respond to cold stress in winter wheat. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment markedly increased the expression and activity levels of TaG6PDH and Ta6PGDH in winter wheat under cold stress. Subsequently, TaG6PDH-and Ta6PGDH were overexpressed in Arabidopsis, and showed stronger reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and higher survival rate compared with wild-type (WT) plants under cold stress. In addition, we found that TaG6PDH and Ta6PGDH overexpression can promote the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in the cytoplasm and peroxisomes of Arabidopsis. In summary, Arabidopsis overexpressing TaG6PDH and Ta6PGDH showed improved cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Kankan Peng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuzhuo Bao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Da Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jing Meng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Duojia Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jing Cang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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25
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Souri Z, Karimi N, Ahmad P. The effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and glutathione (GSH) on Isatis cappadocica, under Arsenic (As) toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 23:945-957. [PMID: 33472408 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1870435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to assess the effects of arsenic (As, 1000 µM), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, 10 µM) and reduced glutathione (GSH, 500 µM) on Isatis cappadocica. As treatment decreased plant growth and fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and also enhanced the accumulation of As. As stress also enhanced the oxidative stress biomarkers, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, the application of GSH decreased the content of H2O2 and MDA by 43% and 55%, respectively, as compared to As treatment. The antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) also enhanced with As stress. NADPH oxidase inhibitor, the DPI, enhances the effect of As toxicity by increasing the accumulation of As, H2O2, MDA. DPI also enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes except GR and GST, However, the application GSH increased the plant growth and biomass yield, decreases accumulation of As, H2O2 and MDA content in As as well as As + DPI treated plants. The thiols content [total thiol (TT), non-protein thiol (NPT) protein thiols (PT), and glutathione (GSH)] were decreased in the As + DPI treatment but supplementation of GSH enhanced them. Novelty statement: The study reveals the beneficial role of GSH in mitigating the deleterious effects of Arsenic toxicity through its active involvement in the antioxidant metabolism, thiol synthesis and osmolyte accumulation. Apart from As, We provided the plants NADPH oxidase inhibitor, the diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which boosts the As toxicity. At present, there is dearth of information pertaining to the effects of DPI on plants growth and their responses under heavy metal stress.GSH application reversed the effect of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) under As stress preventing the oxidative damage to biomolecules through the modulation of different antioxidant enzymes. The application of GSH for As stressed soil could be a sustainable approach for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kitashova A, Schneider K, Fürtauer L, Schröder L, Scheibenbogen T, Fürtauer S, Nägele T. Impaired chloroplast positioning affects photosynthetic capacity and regulation of the central carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:49-60. [PMID: 33211260 PMCID: PMC7728637 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism of higher plants need to be tightly regulated to prevent tissue damage during environmental changes. The intracellular position of chloroplasts changes due to a changing light regime. Chloroplast avoidance and accumulation response under high and low light, respectively, are well known phenomena, and deficiency of chloroplast movement has been shown to result in photodamage and reduced biomass accumulation. Yet, effects of chloroplast positioning on underlying metabolic regulation are less well understood. Here, we analysed photosynthesis together with metabolites and enzyme activities of the central carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation of the chloroplast unusual positioning 1 (chup1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. We compared cold acclimation under ambient and low light and found that maximum quantum yield of PSII was significantly lower in chup1 than in Col-0 under both conditions. Our findings indicated that net CO2 assimilation in chup1 is rather limited by biochemistry than by photochemistry. Further, cold-induced dynamics of sucrose phosphate synthase differed significantly between both genotypes. Together with a reduced rate of sucrose cycling derived from kinetic model simulations our study provides evidence for a central role of chloroplast positioning for photosynthetic and metabolic acclimation to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kitashova
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katja Schneider
- Department Biology I, Plant Development, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Laura Schröder
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tim Scheibenbogen
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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27
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He Q, Li P, Zhang W, Bi Y. Cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays an important role in the silicon-enhanced alkaline tolerance in highland barley. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:119-130. [PMID: 32777198 DOI: 10.1071/fp20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), as a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, extensively responds to the biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study we focussed on the G6PDH role in the alleviation of alkaline stress induced by silicon (Si) in highland barley. Application of Si reduced the water loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, improved the fresh weight, photosynthesis, K+ content, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, thus alleviating the damage caused by alkaline stress. The G6PDH activity, especially the cytoplasmic G6PDH, significantly increased under alkaline stress, and was further stimulated by the addition of exogenous Si. Meanwhile, the levels of NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH) showed similar profiles to G6PDH activity under NaHCO3 and NaHCO3 + Si treatments. The inhibition of G6PDH activity by glucosamine abolished the relieving effect of Si on alkaline stress, which was manifested in the increase of ROS and the decrease of GSH content. Together, our results suggest that Si-enhanced tolerance of alkaline stress may be related to the regulation of GSH levels by the cytoplasmic G6PDH in highland barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China; and Corresponding author.
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28
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Identification, Characterization, and Stress Responsiveness of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes in Highland Barley. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121800. [PMID: 33353078 PMCID: PMC7766724 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
G6PDH provides intermediate metabolites and reducing power (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH) for plant metabolism, and plays a pivotal role in the cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, we cloned five G6PDH genes (HvG6PDH1 to HvG6PDH5) from highland barley and characterized their encoded proteins. Functional analysis of HvG6PDHs in E. coli showed that HvG6PDH1 to HvG6PDH5 encode the functional G6PDH proteins. Subcellular localization and phylogenetic analysis indicated that HvG6PDH2 and HvG6PDH5 are localized in the cytoplasm, while HvG6PDH1, HvG6PDH3, and HvG6PDH4 are plastidic isoforms. Analysis of enzymatic activities and gene expression showed that HvG6PDH1 to HvG6PDH4 are involved in responses to salt and drought stresses. The cytosolic HvG6PDH2 is the major isoform against oxidative stress. HvG6PDH5 may be a house-keeping gene. In addition, HvG6PDH1 to HvG6PDH4 and their encoded enzymes responded to jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, implying that JA and ABA are probably critical regulators of HvG6PDHs (except for HvG6PDH5). Reactive oxygen species analysis showed that inhibition of cytosolic and plastidic G6PDH activities leads to increased H2O2 and O2− contents in highland barley under salt and drought stresses. These results suggest that G6PDH can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and that cytosolic HvG6PDH2 is an irreplaceable isoform against oxidative stress in highland barley.
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Overexpression of a Cytosolic 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Gene Enhances the Resistance of Rice to Nilaparvata lugens. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111529. [PMID: 33182659 PMCID: PMC7696191 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays an important role in plant growth and development, and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Yet, whether the PPP regulates plant defenses against herbivorous insects remains unclear. In this study, we cloned a rice cytosolic 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene, Os6PGDH1, which encodes the key enzyme catalyzing the third step in the reaction involving the oxidative phase of the PPP, and explored its role in rice defenses induced by brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens. Levels of Os6PGDH1 transcripts were detected in all five examined tissues, with the highest in outer leaf sheaths and lowest in inner leaf sheaths. Os6PGDH1 expression was strongly induced by mechanical wounding, infestation of gravid BPH females, and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Overexpressing Os6PGDH1 (oe6PGDH) decreased the height of rice plants and the mass of the aboveground part of plants, but slightly increased the length of plant roots. In addition, the overexpression of Os6PGDH1 enhanced levels of BPH-induced JA, jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and H2O2, but decreased BPH-induced levels of ethylene. Bioassays revealed that gravid BPH females preferred to feed and lay eggs on wild-type (WT) plants over oe6PGDH plants; moreover, the hatching rate of BPH eggs raised on oe6PGDH plants and the fecundity of BPH females fed on these were significantly lower than the eggs and the females raised and fed on WT plants. Taken together, these results indicate that Os6PGDH1 plays a pivotal role not only in rice growth but also in the resistance of rice to BPH by modulating JA, ethylene, and H2O2 pathways.
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Hu T, Sun XY, Zhao ZJ, Amombo E, Fu JM. High temperature damage to fatty acids and carbohydrate metabolism in tall fescue by coupling deep transcriptome and metabolome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110943. [PMID: 32678750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High temperature damage impairs the growth of tall fescue by inhibiting secondary metabolites. Little is known about the regulation pattern of the fatty acids and carbohydrate metabolism at the whole-transcriptome level in tall fescue under high temperature stress. Here, two tall fescue genotypes, heat tolerant PI578718 and heat sensitive PI234881 were subjected to high temperature stress for 36 h. PI 578718 showed higher SPAD chloroplast value, lower EL and leaf injury than PI 234881 during the first 36 h high-temperature stress. Furthermore, by transcriptomic analysis, 121 genes were found to be induced during the second energy production phase in tall fescue exposed to high-temperature conditions, indicating that there may be one energy-sensing system in cool-season turfgrass to adapt high-temperature conditions. PI 578718 showed higher differentially expressed unigenes involved in fatty acids and carbohydrate metabolism compared with PI 234881 for 36 h heat stress. Interestingly, a metabolomic analysis using GC-MS uncovered that the sugars and sugar alcohol accounted for more than 65.06% of the total 41 metabolites content and high-temperature elevated the rate to 82.89-91.16% in PI 578718. High-temperature damage decreased the rate of fatty acid in the total 41 metabolites content and PI 578718 showed lower content than in PI 234881, which might be attributed to the down-regulated genes in fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in tall fescue. The integration of deep transcriptome and metabolome analyses provides systems-wide datasets to facilitate the identification of crucial regulation factors in cool-season turfgrass in response to high-temperature damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhuang-Jun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Erick Amombo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jin-Min Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China.
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Cai Z, He F, Feng X, Liang T, Wang H, Ding S, Tian X. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Important Roles of Lignin and Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathways in Rice Thermotolerance During Reproductive Stage. Front Genet 2020; 11:562937. [PMID: 33110421 PMCID: PMC7522568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the major staple cereals in the world, but heat stress is increasingly threatening its yield. Analyzing the thermotolerance mechanism from new thermotolerant germplasms is very important for rice improvement. Here, physiological and transcriptome analyses were used to characterize the difference between two germplasms, heat-sensitive MH101 and heat-tolerant SDWG005. Two genotypes exhibited diverse heat responses in pollen viability, pollination characteristics, and antioxidant enzymatic activity in leaves and spikelets. Through cluster analysis, the global transcriptomic changes indicated that the ability of SDWG005 to maintain a steady-state balance of metabolic processes played an important role in thermotolerance. After analyses of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, we found that the thermotolerance mechanism in SDWG00 was associated with reprogramming the cellular activities, such as response to abiotic stress and metabolic reorganization. In contrast, the down-regulated genes in MH101 that appeared to be involved in DNA replication and DNA repair proofreading, could cause serious injury to reproductive development when exposed to high temperature during meiosis. Furthermore, we identified 77 and 11 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lignin and flavonoids biosynthetic pathways, respectively. Moreover, we found that more lignin deposition and flavonoids accumulation happened in SDWG005 than in MH101 under heat stress. The results indicated that lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways might play important roles in rice heat resistance during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fengyu He
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tong Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaohai Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Subedi U, Jayawardhane KN, Pan X, Ozga J, Chen G, Foroud NA, Singer SD. The Potential of Genome Editing for Improving Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Oilseed Crops. Lipids 2020; 55:495-512. [PMID: 32856292 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A continuous rise in demand for vegetable oils, which comprise mainly the storage lipid triacylglycerol, is fueling a surge in research efforts to increase seed oil content and improve fatty acid composition in oilseed crops. Progress in this area has been achieved using both conventional breeding and transgenic approaches to date. However, further advancements using traditional breeding methods will be complicated by the polyploid nature of many oilseed crops and associated time constraints, while public perception and the prohibitive cost of regulatory processes hinders the commercialization of transgenic oilseed crops. As such, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas is emerging as a breakthrough breeding tool that could provide a platform to keep pace with escalating demand while potentially minimizing regulatory burden. In this review, we discuss the technology itself and progress that has been made thus far with respect to its use in oilseed crops to improve seed oil content and quality. Furthermore, we examine a number of genes that may provide ideal targets for genome editing in this context, as well as new CRISPR-related tools that have the potential to be applied to oilseed plants and may allow additional gains to be made in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Subedi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada
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Rasmusson AG, Escobar MA, Hao M, Podgórska A, Szal B. Mitochondrial NAD(P)H oxidation pathways and nitrate/ammonium redox balancing in plants. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:158-165. [PMID: 32485334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is characterised by alternative electron transport pathways with different energetic efficiencies, allowing turnover of cellular redox compounds like NAD(P)H. These electron transport chain pathways are profoundly affected by soil nitrogen availability, most commonly as oxidized nitrate (NO3-) and/or reduced ammonium (NH4+). The bioenergetic strategies involved in assimilating different N sources can alter redox homeostasis and antioxidant systems in different cellular compartments, including the mitochondria and the cell wall. Conversely, changes in mitochondrial redox systems can affect plant responses to N. This review explores the integration between N assimilation, mitochondrial redox metabolism, and apoplast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan G Rasmusson
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Matthew A Escobar
- California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Mengshu Hao
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Podgórska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Ilii Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Szal
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Ilii Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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Wang J, Hou W, Christensen MJ, Xia C, Chen T, Zhang Z, Nan Z. The fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis increases NaCl-tolerance in Achnatherum inebrians through enhancing the activity of plasma membrane H +-ATPase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:452-465. [PMID: 32430851 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects plant growth, and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species, Achnatherum inebrians, to abiotic stresses. In this work, we first evaluated the effects of E. gansuensis on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activity of Achnatherum inebrians plants under varying NaCl concentrations. Our results showed that the presence of E. gansuensis increased G6PDH, PM H+-ATPase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity to decrease O2•-, H2O2 and Na+ contents in A. inebrians under NaCl stress, resulting in enhanced salt tolerance. In addition, the PM NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH/NADP+ ratios were all lower in A. inebrians with E. ganusensis plants than A. inebrians plants without this endophyte under NaCl stress. In conclusion, E. gansuensis has a positive role in improving host grass yield under NaCl stress by enhancing the activity of G6PDH and PM H+-ATPase to decrease ROS content. This provides a new way for the selection of stress-resistant and high-quality forage varieties by the use of systemic fungal endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Michael J Christensen
- Retired scientist of AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Sanmartín N, Pastor V, Pastor-Fernández J, Flors V, Pozo MJ, Sánchez-Bel P. Role and mechanisms of callose priming in mycorrhiza-induced resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2769-2781. [PMID: 31985797 PMCID: PMC7210776 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal plants display enhanced resistance to several pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR) are still elusive. We aim to study the mechanisms underlying MIR against Botrytis cinerea and the role of callose accumulation during this process. Mycorrhizal tomato plants inoculated with Rhizoglomus irregularis displayed callose priming upon B. cinerea infection. The callose inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose abolished MIR, confirming the relevance of callose in the bioprotection phenomena. While studying the mechanisms underlying mycorrhiza-induced callose priming, we found that mycorrhizal plants display an enhanced starch degradation rate that is correlated with increased levels of β-amylase1 transcripts following pathogen infection. Starch mobilization in mycorrhizal plants seems coordinated with the increased transcription of sugar transporter and invertase genes. Moreover, the expression levels of genes encoding the vesicular trafficking proteins ATL31 and SYP121 and callose synthase PMR4 were higher in the mycorrhizal plants and further boosted by subsequent pathogen infection. All these proteins play a key role in the priming of callose accumulation in Arabidopsis, suggesting that callose priming is an induced resistance mechanism conserved in different plant species. This evidence highlights the importance of sugar mobilization and vesicular trafficking in the priming of callose as a defence mechanism in mycorrhiza-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Sanmartín
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Julia Pastor-Fernández
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Victor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bel
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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Baune MC, Lansing H, Fischer K, Meyer T, Charton L, Linka N, von Schaewen A. The Arabidopsis Plastidial Glucose-6-Phosphate Transporter GPT1 is Dually Targeted to Peroxisomes via the Endoplasmic Reticulum. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1703-1726. [PMID: 32111666 PMCID: PMC7203913 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies on Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)/phosphate translocator isoforms GPT1 and GPT2 reported the viability of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gpt2 mutants, whereas heterozygous gpt1 mutants exhibited a variety of defects during fertilization/seed set, indicating that GPT1 is essential for this process. Among other functions, GPT1 was shown to be important for pollen and embryo-sac development. Because our previous work on the irreversible part of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) revealed comparable effects, we investigated whether GPT1 may dually localize to plastids and peroxisomes. In reporter fusions, GPT2 localized to plastids, but GPT1 also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and around peroxisomes. GPT1 contacted two oxidoreductases and also peroxins that mediate import of peroxisomal membrane proteins from the ER, hinting at dual localization. Reconstitution in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) proteoliposomes revealed that GPT1 preferentially exchanges G6P for ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P). Complementation analyses of heterozygous +/gpt1 plants demonstrated that GPT2 is unable to compensate for GPT1 in plastids, whereas GPT1 without the transit peptide (enforcing ER/peroxisomal localization) increased gpt1 transmission significantly. Because OPPP activity in peroxisomes is essential for fertilization, and immunoblot analyses hinted at the presence of unprocessed GPT1-specific bands, our findings suggest that GPT1 is indispensable in both plastids and peroxisomes. Together with its G6P-Ru5P exchange preference, GPT1 appears to play a role distinct from that of GPT2 due to dual targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Baune
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes Lansing
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Meyer
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lennart Charton
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Investigation of Heterologously Expressed Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes in a Yeast zwf1 Deletion. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040546. [PMID: 32283834 PMCID: PMC7232176 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme of the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway and serves as the major source of NADPH for metabolic reactions and oxidative stress response in pro- and eukaryotic cells. We here report on a strain of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which lacks the G6PD-encoding ZWF1 gene and displays distinct growth retardation on rich and synthetic media, as well as a strongly reduced chronological lifespan. This strain was used as a recipient to introduce plasmid-encoded heterologous G6PD genes, synthesized in the yeast codon usage and expressed under the control of the native PFK2 promotor. Complementation of the hypersensitivity of the zwf1 mutant towards hydrogen peroxide to different degrees was observed for the genes from humans (HsG6PD1), the milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (KlZWF1), the bacteria Escherichia coli (EcZWF1) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LmZWF1), as well as the genes encoding three different plant G6PD isoforms from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtG6PD1, AtG6PD5, AtG6PD6). The plastidic AtG6PD1 isoform retained its redox-sensitive activity when produced in the yeast as a cytosolic enzyme, demonstrating the suitability of this host for determination of its physiological properties. Mutations precluding the formation of a disulfide bridge in AtG6PD1 abolished its redox-sensitivity but improved its capacity to complement the yeast zwf1 deletion. Given the importance of G6PD in human diseases and plant growth, this heterologous expression system offers a broad range of applications.
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Zhao Y, Cui Y, Huang S, Yu J, Wang X, Xin D, Li X, Liu Y, Dai Y, Qi Z, Chen Q. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Family in Soybean and Functional Identification of GmG6PDH2 Involvement in Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 32174950 PMCID: PMC7054389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is known as a critical enzyme responsible for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generation in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and has an essential function in modulating redox homeostasis and stress responsiveness. In the present work, we characterized the nine members of the G6PDH gene family in soybean. Phylogenic analysis and transit peptide prediction showed that these soybean G6PDHs are divided into plastidic (P) and cytosolic (Cy) isoforms. The subcellular locations of five GmG6PDHs were further verified by confocal microscopy in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. The respective GmG6PDH genes had distinct expression patterns in various soybean tissues and at different times during seed development. Among them, the Cy-G6PDHs were strongly expressed in roots, developing seeds and nodules, while the transcripts of P-G6PDHs were mainly detected in green tissues. In addition, the activities and transcripts of GmG6PDHs were dramatically stimulated by different stress treatments, including salt, osmotic and alkali. Notably, the expression levels of a cytosolic isoform (GmG6PDH2) were extraordinarily high under salt stress and correlated well with the G6PDH enzyme activities, possibly implying a crucial factor for soybean responses to salinity. Enzymatic assay of recombinant GmG6PDH2 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli showed that the enzyme encoded by GmG6PDH2 had functional NADP+-dependent G6PDH activity. Further analysis indicated overexpression of GmG6PDH2 gene could significantly enhance the resistance of transgenic soybean to salt stress by coordinating with the redox states of ascorbic acid and glutathione pool to suppress reactive oxygen species generation. Together, these results indicate that GmG6PDH2 might be the major isoform for NADPH production in PPP, which is involved in the modulation of cellular AsA-GSH cycle to prevent the oxidative damage induced by high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifan Cui
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyu Huang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyao Yu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Lab of Maize Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoming Qi
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Lansing H, Doering L, Fischer K, Baune MC, Schaewen AV. Analysis of potential redundancy among Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconolactonase isoforms in peroxisomes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:823-836. [PMID: 31641750 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent work revealed that PGD2, an Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) catalysing the third step of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (OPPP) in peroxisomes, is essential during fertilization. Earlier studies on the second step, catalysed by PGL3, a dually targeted Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6-PGL), reported the importance of OPPP reactions in plastids but their irrelevance in peroxisomes. Assuming redundancy of 6-PGL activity in peroxisomes, we examined the sequences of other higher plant enzymes. In tomato, there exist two 6-PGL isoforms with the strong PTS1 motif SKL. However, their analysis revealed problems regarding peroxisomal targeting: reporter-PGL detection in peroxisomes required construct modification, which was also applied to the Arabidopsis isoforms. The relative contribution of PGL3 versus PGL5 during fertilization was assessed by mutant crosses. Reduced transmission ratios were found for pgl3-1 (T-DNA-eliminated PTS1) and also for knock-out allele pgl5-2. The prominent role of PGL3 showed as compromised growth of pgl3-1 seedlings on sucrose and higher activity of mutant PGL3-1 versus PGL5 using purified recombinant proteins. Evidence for PTS1-independent uptake was found for PGL3-1 and other Arabidopsis PGL isoforms, indicating that peroxisome import may be supported by a piggybacking mechanism. Thus, multiple redundancy at the level of the second OPPP step in peroxisomes explains the occurrence of pgl3-1 mutant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lansing
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lennart Doering
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Baune
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antje Von Schaewen
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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40
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Duran Garzon C, Lequart M, Rautengarten C, Bassard S, Sellier-Richard H, Baldet P, Heazlewood JL, Gibon Y, Domon JM, Giauffret C, Rayon C. Regulation of carbon metabolism in two maize sister lines contrasted for chilling tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:356-369. [PMID: 31557299 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Maize can grow in cool temperate climates but is often exposed to spring chilling temperatures that can affect early seedling growth. Here, we used two sister double-haploid lines displaying a contrasted tolerance to chilling to identify major determinants of long-term chilling tolerance. The chilling-sensitive (CS) and the chilling-tolerant (CT) lines were grown at 14 °C day/10 °C night for 60 d. CS plants displayed a strong reduction in growth and aerial biomass compared with CT plants. Photosynthetic efficiency was affected with an increase in energy dissipation in both lines. Chilling tolerance in CT plants was associated with higher chlorophyll content, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and higher sucrose to starch ratio. Few changes in cell wall composition were observed in both genotypes. There was no obvious correlation between nucleotide sugar content and cell wall polysaccharide composition. Our findings suggest that the central starch-sucrose metabolism is one major determinant of the response to low temperature, and its modulation accounts for the ability of CT plants to cope with low temperature. This modulation seemed to be linked to a strong alteration in the biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars that, at a high level, could reflect the remobilization of carbon in response to chilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Duran Garzon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Michelle Lequart
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Solène Bassard
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Hélène Sellier-Richard
- Unité Expérimentale Grandes Cultures Innovation et Environnement, INRA-Estrées-Mons, Péronne, France
| | - Pierre Baldet
- UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Bordeaux Métabolome, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Bordeaux Métabolome, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Catherine Rayon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Wang X, Ruan M, Wan Q, He W, Yang L, Liu X, He L, Yan L, Bi Y. Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide increase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and expression upon drought stress in soybean roots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:63-73. [PMID: 31535176 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) isoforms activities and expression were investigated in soybean roots under drought, suggesting that cytosolic G6PD plays a main role by regulating H2O2 signal and redox homeostasis. G6PD acts a vital role in plant growth, development and stress adaptation. Drought (PEG6000 treatment) could markedly increase the enzymatic activities of cytosolic G6PD (Cyt-G6PD) and compartmented G6PD (mainly plastidic P2-G6PD) in soybean roots. Application of G6PD inhibitor upon drought condition dramatically decreased the intracellular NADPH and reduced glutathione levels in soybean roots. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) participated in the regulation of Cyt-G6PD and P2-G6PD enzymatic activities under drought stress. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, abolished the drought-induced accumulation of H2O2. The exogenous application of H2O2 and its production inhibitor (DPI) could stimulate and inhibit the NO accumulation, respectively, but not vice versa. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that NO, as the downstream signal of H2O2, positively regulated the transcription of genes encoding Cyt-G6PD (GPD5, G6PD6, G6PD7) under drought stress in soybean roots. Comparatively, NO and H2O2 signals negatively regulated the gene expression of compartmented G6PD (GPD1, G6PD2, G6PD4), indicating that a post-transcriptional mechanism was involved in compartmented G6PD regulation. Taken together, the high Cyt-G6PD activity is essential for maintaining redox homeostasis upon drought condition in soybean roots, and the H2O2-dependent NO cascade signal is differently involved in Cyt-G6PD and compartmented G6PD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Mengjiao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wenliang He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Li He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Dell'Aglio E, Giustini C, Kraut A, Couté Y, Costa A, Decros G, Gibon Y, Mazars C, Matringe M, Finazzi G, Curien G. Identification of the Arabidopsis Calmodulin-Dependent NAD + Kinase That Sustains the Elicitor-Induced Oxidative Burst. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1449-1458. [PMID: 31554701 PMCID: PMC6878019 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
NADP(H) is an essential cofactor of multiple metabolic processes in all living organisms, and in plants, NADP(H) is required as the substrate of Ca2+-dependent NADPH oxidases, which catalyze a reactive oxygen species burst in response to various stimuli. While NADP+ production in plants has long been known to involve a calmodulin (CaM)/Ca2+-dependent NAD+ kinase, the nature of the enzyme catalyzing this activity has remained enigmatic, as has its role in plant physiology. Here, we used proteomic, biochemical, molecular, and in vivo analyses to identify an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) protein that catalyzes NADP+ production exclusively in the presence of CaM/Ca2+ This enzyme, which we named NAD kinase-CaM dependent (NADKc), has a CaM-binding peptide located in its N-terminal region and displays peculiar biochemical properties as well as different domain organization compared with known plant NAD+ kinases. In response to a pathogen elicitor, the activity of NADKc, which is associated with the mitochondrial periphery, contributes to an increase in the cellular NADP+ concentration and to the amplification of the elicitor-induced oxidative burst. Based on a phylogenetic analysis and enzymatic assays, we propose that the CaM/Ca2+-dependent NAD+ kinase activity found in photosynthetic organisms is carried out by NADKc-related proteins. Thus, NADKc represents the missing link between Ca2+ signaling, metabolism, and the oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dell'Aglio
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Giustini
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Kraut
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Exploring the DYnamics of Proteomes (IRIG-EDyP), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Exploring the DYnamics of Proteomes (IRIG-EDyP), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Decros
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (UMR1332 BFP), INRA, Université Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (UMR1332 BFP), INRA, Université Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- MetaboHUB, Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Michel Matringe
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Curien
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agromique (INRA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble - Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory (IRIG-LPCV), 38000 Grenoble, France
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Limitations of Deuterium-Labelled Substrates for Quantifying NADPH Metabolism in Heterotrophic Arabidopsis Cell Cultures. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100205. [PMID: 31569392 PMCID: PMC6835633 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH is the primary source of cellular reductant for biosynthesis, and strategies for increasing productivity via metabolic engineering need to take account of the requirement for reducing power. In plants, while the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is the most direct route for NADPH production in heterotrophic tissues, there is increasing evidence that other pathways make significant contributions to redox balance. Deuterium-based isotopic labelling strategies have recently been developed to quantify the relative production of NADPH from different pathways in mammalian cells, but the application of these methods to plants has not been critically evaluated. In this study, LC-MS was used to measure deuterium incorporation into metabolites extracted from heterotrophic Arabidopsis cell cultures grown on [1-2H]glucose or D2O. The results show that a high rate of flavin-enzyme-catalysed water exchange obscures labelling of NADPH from deuterated substrates and that this exchange cannot be accurately accounted for due to exchange between triose- and hexose-phosphates. In addition, the duplication of NADPH generating reactions between subcellular compartments can confound analysis based on whole cell extracts. Understanding how the structure of the metabolic network affects the applicability of deuterium labelling methods is a prerequisite for development of more effective flux determination strategies, ensuring data are both quantitative and representative of endogenous biological processes.
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Wu S, Gu W, Huang A, Li Y, Kumar M, Lim PE, Huan L, Gao S, Wang G. Elevated CO 2 improves both lipid accumulation and growth rate in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase engineered Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:161. [PMID: 31547820 PMCID: PMC6757359 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that stress induction and genetic engineering can effectively increase lipid accumulation, but lead to a decrease of growth in the majority of microalgae. We previously found that elevated CO2 concentration increased lipid productivity as well as growth in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, along with an enhancement of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) activity. The purpose of this work directed toward the verification of the critical role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the OPPP, in lipid accumulation in P. tricornutum and its simultaneous rapid growth rate under high-CO2 (0.15%) cultivation. RESULTS In this study, G6PDH was identified as a target for algal strain improvement, wherein G6PDH gene was successfully overexpressed and antisense knockdown in P. tricornutum, and systematic comparisons of the photosynthesis performance, algal growth, lipid content, fatty acid profiles, NADPH production, G6PDH activity and transcriptional abundance were performed. The results showed that, due to the enhanced G6PDH activity, transcriptional abundance and NAPDH production, overexpression of G6PDH accompanied by high-CO2 cultivation resulted in a much higher of both lipid content and growth in P. tricornutum, while knockdown of G6PDH greatly decreased algal growth as well as lipid accumulation. In addition, the total proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, especially the polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5, n-3), were highly increased in high-CO2 cultivated G6PDH overexpressed strains. CONCLUSIONS The successful of overexpression and antisense knockdown of G6PDH well demonstrated the positive influence of G6PDH on algal growth and lipid accumulation in P. tricornutum. The improvement of algal growth, lipid content as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids in high-CO2 cultivated G6PDH overexpressed P. tricornutum suggested this G6PDH overexpression-high CO2 cultivation pattern provides an efficient and economical route for algal strain improvement to develop algal-based biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phaik Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Huan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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Fabiańska I, Bucher M, Häusler RE. Intracellular phosphate homeostasis - A short way from metabolism to signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:57-67. [PMID: 31300142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus in plant cells occurs in inorganic form as both ortho- and pyrophosphate or bound to organic compounds, like e.g., nucleotides, phosphorylated metabolites, phospholipids, phosphorylated proteins, or phytate as P storage in the vacuoles of seeds. Individual compartments of the cell are surrounded by membranes that are selective barriers to avoid uncontrolled solute exchange. A controlled exchange of phosphate or phosphorylated metabolites is accomplished by specific phosphate transporters (PHTs) and the plastidial phosphate translocator family (PTs) of the inner envelope membrane. Plastids, in particular chloroplasts, are the site of various anabolic sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Apart from their role in metabolism PHTs and PTs are presumed to be also involved in communication between organelles and plant organs. Here we will focus on the integration of phosphate transport and homeostasis in signaling processes. Recent developments in this field will be critically assessed and potential future developments discussed. In particular, the occurrence of various plastid types in one organ (i.e. the leaf) with different functions with respect to metabolism or sensing, as has been documented recently following a tissue-specific proteomics approach (Beltran et al., 2018), will shed new light on functional aspects of phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fabiańska
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E Häusler
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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Rezaul IM, Baohua F, Tingting C, Weimeng F, Caixia Z, Longxing T, Guanfu F. Abscisic acid prevents pollen abortion under high-temperature stress by mediating sugar metabolism in rice spikelets. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:644-663. [PMID: 29766507 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress at the pollen mother cell (PMC) meiotic stage leads to pollen sterility in rice, in which the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sugar homeostasis are always adversely affected. This damage is reversed by abscisic acid (ABA), but the mechanisms underlying the interactions among the ABA, sugar metabolism, ROS and heat shock proteins in rice spikelets under heat stress are unclear. Two rice genotypes, Zhefu802 (a recurrent parent) and fgl (its near-isogenic line) were subjected to heat stress of 40°C after pre-foliage sprayed with ABA and its biosynthetic inhibitor fluridone at the meiotic stage of PMC. The results revealed that exogenous application of ABA reduced pollen sterility caused by heat stress. This was achieved through various means, including: increased levels of soluble sugars, starch and non-structural carbohydrates, markedly higher relative expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSP24.1 and HSP71.1) and genes related to sugar metabolism and transport, such as sucrose transporters (SUT) genes, sucrose synthase (SUS) genes and invertase (INV) genes as well as increased antioxidant activities and increased content of adenosine triphosphate and endogenous ABA in spikelets. In short, exogenous application of ABA prior to heat stress enhanced sucrose transport and accelerated sucrose metabolism to maintain the carbon balance and energy homeostasis, thus ABA contributed to heat tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Rezaul
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Feng Baohua
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chen Tingting
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fu Weimeng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhang Caixia
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Tao Longxing
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fu Guanfu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Yang L, Wang S, Sun L, Ruan M, Li S, He R, Zhang W, Liang C, Wang X, Bi Y. Involvement of G6PD5 in ABA response during seed germination and root growth in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:44. [PMID: 30700259 PMCID: PMC6354342 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH or G6PD) functions in supply of NADPH, which is required for plant defense responses to stresses. However, whether G6PD functions in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the cytosolic G6PD5 in the ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. RESULTS We characterized the Arabidopsis single null mutant g6pd5. Phenotypic analysis showed that the mutant is more sensitive to ABA during seed germination and root growth, whereas G6PD5-overexpressing plants are less sensitive to ABA compared to wild type (WT). Furthermore, ABA induces excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mutant seeds and seedlings. G6PD5 participates in the reduction of H2O2 to H2O in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. In addition, we found that G6PD5 suppressed the expression of Abscisic Acid Insensitive 5 (ABI5), the major ABA signaling component in dormancy control. When G6PD5 was overexpressed, the ABA signaling pathway was inactivated. Consistently, G6PD5 negatively modulates ABA-blocked primary root growth in the meristem and elongation zones. Of note, the suppression of root elongation by ABA is triggered by the cell cycle B-type cyclin CYCB1. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that G6PD5 is involved in the ABA-mediated seed germination and root growth by suppressing ABI5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Ruan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sufang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 People’s Republic of China
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Hu Y, You J, Li J, Wang C. Loss of cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increases the susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to root-knot nematode infection. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:37-46. [PMID: 29992234 PMCID: PMC6344109 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) are microscopic roundworms with a wide host range causing great economic losses worldwide. Understanding how metabolic pathways function within the plant upon RKN infection will provide insight into the molecular aspects of plant-RKN interactions. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the key regulatory enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), is involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses and pathogenesis. In this study, the roles of Arabidopsis cytosolic G6PDH in plant-RKN interactions were investigated. METHODS Enzyme assays and western blotting were used to characterize changes in total G6PDH activity and protein abundance in wild-type Arabidopsis in response to RKN infection. The susceptibility of wild-type plants and the double mutant g6pd5/6 to RKNs was analysed and the expression of genes associated with the basal defence response was tested after RKN infection using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. KEY RESULTS RKN infection caused a marked increase in total G6PDH activity and protein abundance in wild-type Arabidopsis roots. However, the transcript levels of G6PDH genes except G6PD6 were not significantly induced following RKN infection, suggesting that the increase in G6PDH activity may occur at the post-transcriptional level. The double mutant g6pd5/6 with loss-of-function of the two cytosolic isoforms G6PD5 and G6PD6 displayed enhanced susceptibility to RKNs. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and gene expression involved in the defence response including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways were suppressed in the g6pd5/6 mutant at the early stage of RKN infection when compared to the wild-type plants. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the G6PDH-mediated OPPP plays an important role in the plant-RKN interaction. In addition, a new aspect of G6PDH activity involving NADPH production by the OPPP in plant basal defence against RKNs is defined, which may be involved in ROS signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jia You
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Congli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Roomi S, Masi A, Conselvan GB, Trevisan S, Quaggiotti S, Pivato M, Arrigoni G, Yasmin T, Carletti P. Protein Profiling of Arabidopsis Roots Treated With Humic Substances: Insights Into the Metabolic and Interactome Networks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1812. [PMID: 30619394 PMCID: PMC6299182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim: Humic substances (HSs) influence the chemical and physical properties of the soil, and are also known to affect plant physiology and nutrient uptake. This study aimed to elucidate plant metabolic pathways and physiological processes influenced by HS activity. Methods: Arabidopsis roots were treated with HS for 8 h. Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of root proteins was performed using the iTRAQ (Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantification) technique. Out of 902 protein families identified and quantified for HS treated vs. untreated roots, 92 proteins had different relative content. Bioinformatic tools such as STRING, KEGG, IIS and Cytoscape were used to interpret the biological function, pathway analysis and visualization of network amongst the identified proteins. Results: From this analysis it was possible to evaluate that all of the identified proteins were functionally classified into several categories, mainly redox homeostasis, response to inorganic substances, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, cell trafficking, and division. Conclusion: In the present study an overview of the metabolic pathways most modified by HS biological activity is provided. Activation of enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and up regulation of ribosomal protein indicated a stimulation in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Regulation of the enzymes involved in redox homeostasis suggest a pivotal role of reactive oxygen species in the signaling and modulation of HS-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Roomi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Micaela Pivato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Proteomics Center, University of Padua and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tayyaba Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Paolo Carletti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Hilgers EJA, Schöttler MA, Mettler-Altmann T, Krueger S, Dörmann P, Eicks M, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. The Combined Loss of Triose Phosphate and Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocators Leads to Severe Growth Retardation and Impaired Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana tpt/xpt Double Mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1331. [PMID: 30333839 PMCID: PMC6175978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The xylulose 5-phosphate/phosphate translocator (XPT) represents the fourth functional member of the phosphate translocator (PT) family residing in the plastid inner envelope membrane. In contrast to the other three members, little is known on the physiological role of the XPT. Based on its major transport substrates (i.e., pentose phosphates) the XPT has been proposed to act as a link between the plastidial and extraplastidial branches of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). As the XPT is also capable of transporting triose phosphates, it might as well support the triose phosphate PT (TPT) in exporting photoassimilates from the chloroplast in the light ('day path of carbon') and hence in supplying the whole plant with carbohydrates. Two independent knockout mutant alleles of the XPT (xpt-1 and xpt-2) lacked any specific phenotype, suggesting that the XPT function is redundant. However, double mutants generated from crossings of xpt-1 to different mutant alleles of the TPT (tpt-1 and tpt-2) were severely retarded in size, exhibited a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype, and impaired photosynthetic electron transport rates. In the double mutant the export of triose phosphates from the chloroplasts is completely blocked. Hence, precursors for sucrose biosynthesis derive entirely from starch turnover ('night path of carbon'), which was accompanied by a marked accumulation of maltose as a starch breakdown product. Moreover, pentose phosphates produced by the extraplastidial branch of the OPPP also accumulated in the double mutants. Thus, an active XPT indeed retrieves excessive pentose phosphates from the extra-plastidial space and makes them available to the plastids. Further metabolic profiling revealed that phosphorylated intermediates remained largely unaffected, whereas fumarate and glycine contents were diminished in the double mutants. The assessment of C/N-ratios suggested co-limitations of C- and N-metabolism as possible cause for growth retardation of the double mutants. Feeding of sucrose partially rescued the growth and photosynthesis phenotypes of the double mutants. Immunoblots of thylakoid proteins, spectroscopic determinations of photosynthesis complexes, and chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra at 77 Kelvin could only partially explain constrains in photosynthesis observed in the double mutants. The data are discussed together with aspects of the OPPP and central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J. A. Hilgers
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Molecular Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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