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Shi B, Felipo-Benavent A, Cerutti G, Galvan-Ampudia C, Jilli L, Brunoud G, Mutterer J, Vallet E, Sakvarelidze-Achard L, Davière JM, Navarro-Galiano A, Walia A, Lazary S, Legrand J, Weinstain R, Jones AM, Prat S, Achard P, Vernoux T. A quantitative gibberellin signaling biosensor reveals a role for gibberellins in internode specification at the shoot apical meristem. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3895. [PMID: 38719832 PMCID: PMC11079023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is essential for shoot architecture construction. The phytohormones gibberellins (GA) play a pivotal role in coordinating plant growth, but their role in the SAM remains mostly unknown. Here, we developed a ratiometric GA signaling biosensor by engineering one of the DELLA proteins, to suppress its master regulatory function in GA transcriptional responses while preserving its degradation upon GA sensing. We demonstrate that this degradation-based biosensor accurately reports on cellular changes in GA levels and perception during development. We used this biosensor to map GA signaling activity in the SAM. We show that high GA signaling is found primarily in cells located between organ primordia that are the precursors of internodes. By gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we further demonstrate that GAs regulate cell division plane orientation to establish the typical cellular organization of internodes, thus contributing to internode specification in the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihai Shi
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Amelia Felipo-Benavent
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Cerutti
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Carlos Galvan-Ampudia
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Lucas Jilli
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Geraldine Brunoud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Jérome Mutterer
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elody Vallet
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lali Sakvarelidze-Achard
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Ankit Walia
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Shani Lazary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Jonathan Legrand
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Roy Weinstain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | - Salomé Prat
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, 69342, Lyon, France.
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2
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Zheng Z, Li W, Ding Y, Wu Y, Jiang Q, Wang Y. Integrative transcriptome analysis uncovers common components containing CPS2 regulated by maize lncRNA GARR2 in gibberellin response. PLANTA 2024; 259:146. [PMID: 38713242 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The combined transcriptome outcome provides an important clue to the regulatory cascade centering on lncRNA GARR2 and CPS2 gene in GA response. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as regulatory components in transcriptional hierarchy governing multiple aspects of biological processes. Dissecting regulatory mechanisms underpinning tetracyclic diterpenoid gibberellin (GA) cascade holds both theoretical and applied significance. However, roles of lncRNAs in transcriptional modulation of GA pathway remain largely elusive. Gypsy retrotransposon-derived GIBBERELLIN RESPONSIVE lncRNA2 (GARR2) has been reported as GA-responsive maize lncRNA. Here a novel GARR2-edited line garr2-1 was identified, characteristic of GA-induced phenotype of increased seedling height and elongated leaf sheath. Transcriptome analysis indicated that transcriptional abundance of five genes [ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase2 (CPS2), ent-kaurene synthase4 (KS4), ent-kaurene synthase6 (KS6), ent-kaurene oxidase2 (KO2), and ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase1/Dwarf3 (KAO1/D3)] was elevated in garr2-1 for early steps of GA biosynthesis. Five GA biosynthetic genes as hub regulators were interlaced to shape regulatory network of GA response. Different transcriptome resources were integrated to discover common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the independent GARR2-edited lines GARR2KO and garr2-1. A total of 320 common DEGs were retrieved. These common DEGs were enriched in diterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Integrative transcriptome analysis revealed the common CPS2 encoding the CPS enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the precursor trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate to ent-copalyl diphosphate. The up-regulated CPS2 supported the GA-induced phenotype of slender seedlings observed in the independent GARR2-edited lines GARR2KO and garr2-1. Our integrative transcriptome analysis uncovers common components of the GA pathway regulated by lncRNA GARR2. These common components, especially for the GA biosynthetic gene CPS2, provide a valuable resource for further delineating the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA GARR2 in GA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuhang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yinting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qinyue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Ahmad S, Lu C, Gao J, Wei Y, Xie Q, Jin J, Zhu G, Yang F. Integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic profiling reveals that the gibberellin-abscisic acid hub runs flower development in the Chinese orchid Cymbidium sinense. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae073. [PMID: 38738212 PMCID: PMC11088716 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The seasonal flowering Chinese Cymbidium produce an axillary floral meristem and require a dormancy period during cold conditions for flower development. However, the bud activation mechanism remains elusive. This study evaluates the multi-omics across six stages of flower development, along with functional analysis of core genes to decipher the innate mechanism of floral bud initiation and outgrowth in the Chinese orchid Cymbidium sinense. Transcriptome and proteome analyses identified 10 modules with essential roles in floral bud dormancy and activation. Gene clusters in the early stages of flower development were mainly related to flowering time regulation and meristem determination, while the late stages were correlated with hormone signaling pathways. The metabolome identified 69 potential hormones in which gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were the main regulatory hubs, and GA4 and GA53 exhibited a reciprocal loop. Extraneous GA application caused rapid elongation of flower buds and promoted the expression of flower development genes. Contrarily, exogenous ABA application extended the dormancy process and ABA inhibitors induced dormancy release. Moreover, CsAPETALA1 (CsAP1) was identified as the potential target of ABA for floral bud activation. Transformation of CsAP1 in Arabidopsis and its transient overexpression in C. sinense protoplasts not only affected flowering time and floral organ morphogenesis in Arabidopsis but also orchestrated the expression of flowering and hormone regulatory genes. The presence of ABA response elements in the CsAP1 promoter, rapid downregulation of CsAP1 after exogenous ABA application, and the activation of the floral bud after ABA inhibitor treatment suggest that ABA can control bud outgrowth through CsAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagheer Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuqiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yonglu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianpeng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
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4
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Collins E, Shou H, Mao C, Whelan J, Jost R. Dynamic interactions between SPX proteins, the ubiquitination machinery, and signalling molecules for stress adaptation at a whole-plant level. Biochem J 2024; 481:363-385. [PMID: 38421035 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The plant macronutrient phosphorus is a scarce resource and plant-available phosphate is limiting in most soil types. Generally, a gene regulatory module called the phosphate starvation response (PSR) enables efficient phosphate acquisition by roots and translocation to other organs. Plants growing on moderate to nutrient-rich soils need to co-ordinate availability of different nutrients and repress the highly efficient PSR to adjust phosphate acquisition to the availability of other macro- and micronutrients, and in particular nitrogen. PSR repression is mediated by a small family of single SYG1/Pho81/XPR1 (SPX) domain proteins. The SPX domain binds higher order inositol pyrophosphates that signal cellular phosphorus status and modulate SPX protein interaction with PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1), the central transcriptional regulator of PSR. Sequestration by SPX repressors restricts PHR1 access to PSR gene promoters. Here we focus on SPX4 that primarily acts in shoots and sequesters many transcription factors other than PHR1 in the cytosol to control processes beyond the classical PSR, such as nitrate, auxin, and jasmonic acid signalling. Unlike SPX1 and SPX2, SPX4 is subject to proteasomal degradation not only by singular E3 ligases, but also by SCF-CRL complexes. Emerging models for these different layers of control and their consequences for plant acclimation to the environment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Collins
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Ricarda Jost
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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5
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Fairlie W, Norman A, Edwards J, Mather DE, Kuchel H. Genetic analysis of late-maturity α-amylase in twelve wheat populations. PLANTA 2024; 259:40. [PMID: 38265531 PMCID: PMC10808134 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Genetic loci, particularly those with an effect in the independent panel, could be utilised to further reduce LMA expression when used with favourable combinations of genes known to affect LMA. Late maturity α-amylase (LMA) is a grain quality defect involving elevated α-amylase within the aleurone of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. The genes known to affect expression are the reduced height genes Rht-B1 (chromosome 4B) and Rht-D1 (chromosome 4D), and an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase gene (LMA-1) on chromosome 7B. Other minor effect loci have been reported, but these are poorly characterised and further genetic understanding is needed. In this study, twelve F4-derived populations were created through single seed descent, genotyped and evaluated for LMA. LMA-1 haplotype C and the Rht-D1b allele substantially reduced LMA expression. The alternative dwarfing genes Rht13 and Rht18 had no significant effect on LMA expression. Additional quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped at 16 positions in the wheat genome. Effects on LMA expression were detected for four of these QTL in a large independent panel of Australian wheat lines. The QTL detected in mapping populations and confirmed in the large independent panel provide further opportunity for selection against LMA, especially if combined with Rht-D1b and/or favourable haplotypes of LMA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Fairlie
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
- Australian Grain Technologies, PO Box 341, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia.
| | - Adam Norman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Australian Grain Technologies, PO Box 341, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - James Edwards
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Australian Grain Technologies, PO Box 341, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Diane E Mather
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Haydn Kuchel
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Australian Grain Technologies, PO Box 341, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
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Tian C, Quan H, Jiang R, Zheng Q, Huang S, Tan G, Yan C, Zhou J, Liao H. Differential roles of Cassia tora 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase in trade-off between plant growth and drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1270396. [PMID: 37929171 PMCID: PMC10623318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to global climate change, drought is emerging as a major threat to plant growth and agricultural productivity. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been implicated in plant drought tolerance, however, its retarding effects on plant growth cannot be ignored. The reactions catalyzed by 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) proteins are critical steps within the isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. Here, five DXS (CtDXS1-5) and two DXR (CtDXR1-2) genes were identified from Cassia tora genome. Based on multiple assays including the phylogeny, cis-acting element, expression pattern, and subcellular localization, CtDXS1 and CtDXR1 genes might be potential candidates controlling the isoprenoid biosynthesis. Intriguingly, CtDXS1 transgenic plants resulted in drought tolerance but retardant growth, while CtDXR1 transgenic plants exhibited both enhanced drought tolerance and increased growth. By comparison of β-carotene, chlorophyll, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin 3 (GA3) contents in wild-type and transgenic plants, the absolute contents and (or) altered GA3/ABA levels were suggested to be responsible for the balance between drought tolerance and plant growth. The transcriptome of CtDXR1 transgenic plants suggested that the transcript levels of key genes, such as DXS, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCED), ent-kaurene synthase (KS) and etc, involved with chlorophyll, β-carotene, ABA and GA3 biosynthesis were induced and their contents increased accordingly. Collectively, the trade-off effect induced by CtDXR1 was associated with redesigning architecture in phytohormone homeostasis and thus was highlighted for future breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Veerabagu M, van der Schoot C, Turečková V, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Rinne PLH. Light on perenniality: Para-dormancy is based on ABA-GA antagonism and endo-dormancy on the shutdown of GA biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1785-1804. [PMID: 36760106 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perennial para- and endo-dormancy are seasonally separate phenomena. Whereas para-dormancy is the suppression of axillary buds (AXBs) by a growing shoot, endo-dormancy is the short-day elicited arrest of terminal and AXBs. In hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) compromising the apex releases para-dormancy, whereas endo-dormancy requires chilling. ABA and GA are implicated in both phenomena. To untangle their roles, we blocked ABA biosynthesis with fluridone (FD), which significantly reduced ABA levels, downregulated GA-deactivation genes, upregulated the major GA3ox-biosynthetic genes, and initiated branching. Comprehensive GA-metabolite analyses suggested that FD treatment shifted GA production to the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, enhancing GA4 function. Applied ABA counteracted FD effects on GA metabolism and downregulated several GA3/4 -inducible α- and γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at plasmodesmata (PD), thereby enhancing PD-callose accumulation. Remarkably, ABA-deficient plants repressed GA4 biosynthesis and established endo-dormancy like controls but showed increased stress sensitivity. Repression of GA4 biosynthesis involved short-day induced DNA methylation events within the GA3ox2 promoter. In conclusion, the results cast new light on the roles of ABA and GA in dormancy cycling. In para-dormancy, PD-callose turnover is antagonized by ABA, whereas in short-day conditions, lack of GA4 biosynthesis promotes callose deposition that is structurally persistent throughout endo-dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Päivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Liu Y, Wu Q, Qin Z, Huang J. Transcription factor OsNAC055 regulates GA-mediated lignin biosynthesis in rice straw. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111455. [PMID: 36152809 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Crop straws represent enormous biomass resource that mainly contain secondary cell walls (SCWs) consisting of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of SCW biosynthesis still needs to be well understood. In this study, we identified a rice NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factor OsNAC055 that regulates GA-mediated lignin biosynthesis. As a nucleus-localized transcription factor, OsNAC055 exhibits the transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of OsNAC055 increases the lignin content in rice straw. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression of multiple lignin biosynthetic genes was increased in OsNAC055-overexpressing plants. Further ChIP-qPCR analysis and transient transactivation assays indicated that OsNAC055 directly activates rice lignin biosynthetic genes CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE 10 (OsCCR10) and CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 2 (OsCAD2) by binding to their promoters. On the other hand, phytohormone measurement showed that OsNAC055 overexpression significantly increased exogenous GA3 levels in rice plants by regulating GA biosynthetic gene OsGA20ox2. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complement (BiFC) assays indicated that OsNAC055 interacts with SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the repressor in GA signaling. More importantly, exogenous GA treatment markedly enhanced the transcription of OsCCR10 and OsCAD2, suggesting the role of GA in lignin biosynthesis. Together, our results provide the evidence that OsNAC055 functions as an essential transcription factor to regulate the GA-mediated lignin biosynthesis, which provides a strategy for manipulating lignin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhongliang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Wang S, Wang Y. Harnessing hormone gibberellin knowledge for plant height regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1945-1953. [PMID: 35857075 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing hormone GA knowledge is a potential means to develop plant height ideotypes. Plant height holds significance for natural beauty and agricultural revolution. The increased grain productivity during the Green Revolution of the 1960s is partly attributed to the reshaping of plant stature, which is conferred by changes in phytohormone gibberellin (GA) metabolism or signaling. GA fine-tunes multiple aspects of biological events and plays a pivotal role in plant height determinant. Harnessing hormone GA knowledge is a potential means to develop ideal plant height to meet the future demand. Here, we present an overview of characterized GA pathway genes for plant height regulation. Novel alleles of Green Revolution genes sd1 and Rht are specially delineated. Through interactome analysis, we uncover GA20ox and GA3ox family members as central hub modulators of GA pathway. Empowered by GA knowledge, we suggest ways towards design breeding of plant height ideotypes through harnessing the alterations of GA cascade. We highlight the utility of genome editing to generate weak alleles to circumvent side effects of GA pathway perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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10
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Modeling reveals posttranscriptional regulation of GA metabolism enzymes in response to drought and cold. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121288119. [PMID: 35878042 PMCID: PMC9351370 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121288119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone gibberellin (GA) controls plant growth and regulates growth responses to environmental stress. In monocotyledonous leaves, GA controls growth by regulating division-zone size. We used a systems approach to investigate the establishment of the GA distribution in the maize leaf growth zone to understand how drought and cold alter leaf growth. By developing and parameterizing a multiscale computational model that includes cell movement, growth-induced dilution, and metabolic activities, we revealed that the GA distribution is predominantly determined by variations in GA metabolism. Considering wild-type and UBI::GA20-OX-1 leaves, the model predicted the peak in GA concentration, which has been shown to determine division-zone size. Drought and cold modified enzyme transcript levels, although the model revealed that this did not explain the observed GA distributions. Instead, the model predicted that GA distributions are also mediated by posttranscriptional modifications increasing the activity of GA 20-oxidase in drought and of GA 2-oxidase in cold, which we confirmed by enzyme activity measurements. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of the role of GA metabolism in plant growth regulation.
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11
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Chai Z, Fang J, Yao W, Zhao Y, Cheng G, Akbar S, Khan MT, Chen B, Zhang M. ScGAIL, a sugarcane N-terminal truncated DELLA-like protein, participates in gibberellin signaling in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3462-3476. [PMID: 35172001 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hormone gibberellin (GA) is crucial for internode elongation in sugarcane. DELLA proteins are critical negative regulators of the GA signaling pathway. ScGAI encodes a DELLA protein that was previously implicated in the regulation of sugarcane culm development. Here, we characterized ScGAI-like (ScGAIL) in sugarcane, which lacked the N-terminal region but was otherwise homologous to ScGAI. ScGAIL differed from ScGAI in its chromosomal location, expression patterns, and cellular localization. Although transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ScGAIL were insensitive to GAs, GA synthesis was affected in these plants, suggesting that ScGAIL disrupted the GA signaling pathway. After GA treatment, the expression patterns of GA-associated genes differed between ScGAIL-overexpressing and wild-type Arabidopsis, and the degradation of AtDELLA proteins in transgenic lines was significantly inhibited compared with wild-type lines. A sugarcane GID1 gene (ScGID1) encoding a putative GA receptor was isolated and interacted with ScGAIL in a GA-independent manner. Five ScGAIL-interacting proteins were verified by yeast two-hybrid assays, and only one interacted with ScGAI. Therefore, ScGAIL may inhibit plant growth by modulating the GA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chai
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jinlan Fang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | | | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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12
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Li W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Wang Y. Gypsy retrotransposon-derived maize lncRNA GARR2 modulates gibberellin response. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1433-1446. [PMID: 35368126 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediate diverse biological events mainly through the modulation of transcriptional hierarchy. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is essential for various aspects of plant growth and development. However, the roles of lncRNAs in the regulation of the GA response remain largely unknown. Through sequencing multiple strand-specific and ribosomal-depleted RNA libraries, we delineated the landscape of lncRNAs in maize (Zea mays). Out of identified lncRNAs, 445 GIBBERELLIN-RESPONSIVE lncRNAs (GARRs) were differentially expressed upon GA application. By the intersection of GARRs from normal-height and dwarf plants from an advanced backcross population, four shared GARRs (GARR1 to GARR4) were identified. Out of these four shared GARRs, GARR2 was derived from a Gypsy LTR retrotransposon. GA-responsive element P-boxes were identified upstream of GARR2. GARR2-edited lines exhibited a GA-induced phenotype. Editing of GARR2 resulted in changes in the transcriptional abundance of GA pathway components and endogenous GA contents. Besides GA, GARR2 affected the primary auxin response. An RNA pull-down assay revealed the HECT ubiquitin-protein ligase family member ZmUPL1 as a potential interaction target of GARR2. GARR2 influenced the abundance of ZmUPL1 in the GA response. Our study uncovers lncRNA players involved in the modulation of the GA response and guides the development of plant height ideotype driven by knowledge of the phytohormone GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yudong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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13
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Zheng X, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Zhang L, Li J, Li Z, Cheng J, Feng J. Multiple indeterminate domain (IDD)-DELLA1 complexes participate in gibberellin feedback regulation in peach. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:147-157. [PMID: 35362935 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peach encodes 14 INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) transcription factors. PpIDD4, -12 and -13 mediated PpDELLA1 binding to the PpGA20ox1 promoter. Each of these three PpIDD-DELLA1 complexes activated transcription of PpGA20ox1. PpTPR1 and -4 interrupted the interaction of PpIDDs with PpDELLA1. The plant growth regulator gibberellin (GA) plays an important role in the rapid growth of annual shoots in peach. Our previous study showed that the peach cultivar 'FenHuaShouXingTao' (FHSXT), a gibberellic acid receptor (gid1) mutant, accumulates active GAs in annual shoot tips. This mutant enhances GA feedback regulation in peach. The results of this study suggested that the PpIDD-DELLA1 complex is the underlying mechanism of GA feedback regulation in peach. Fourteen IDD genes were identified in peach, and three PpIDDs (PpIDD4, -12 and -13, all from group IV) interacted with PpDELLA1, an important component in GA signaling pathway. Truncation, segmentation and site mutation of the promoter of PpGA20ox1 (a GA biosynthesis gene) showed that all three PpIDD proteins recognized the core motif TTGTC. PpIDD4 and -13 mainly bind to site 3, while PpIDD12 binds to site 5 of the PpGA20ox1 promoter. All three PpIDD-DELLA1 complexes activated the PpGA20ox1 promoter-LUC fusion. These data suggested that PpIDDs bridge PpDELLA1 and the promoter of PpGA20ox1, which then activated the transcription of PpGA20ox1. In addition, PpTPR1 and -4 disrupted the interaction of PpIDDs with PpDELLA1. Our research will be helpful for understanding and possibly modifying the regulation of annual shoot growth and GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China.
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14
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Nguyen TN, Tuan PA, Ayele BT. Jasmonate regulates seed dormancy in wheat via modulating the balance between gibberellin and abscisic acid. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2434-2453. [PMID: 35104307 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) regulates seed dormancy and germination; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unclear if JA is an essential regulator of dormancy and germination. We investigated whether the role of JA in regulating seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is mediated by modulation of gibberellin (GA)/abscisic acid (ABA) balance and if the reciprocal modulation of JA level and sensitivity is required for GA-mediated dormancy loss using physiological, pharmacological, and targeted transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. JA-induced dormancy release in wheat seeds was associated with no change in GA level but up-regulation of GA signaling and ABA catabolism genes, and reduction of the ABA level. Although JA did not affect the expression levels of ABA signaling genes, up-regulation of germination-associated genes indicates a contribution of reduced ABA sensitivity to dormancy release. After-ripening-mediated dormancy loss was also associated with JA-GA synergistic and JA-ABA antagonistic interplays. The prevalence of no effect of GA, which effectively broke dormancy, on the JA-Ile level and expression patterns of JA biosynthesis/signaling and responsive genes reflects that GA-mediated dormancy release occurs independently of JA. Our study concludes that JA induces seed dormancy release in wheat via modulating ABA/GA balance; however, JA is not an essential regulator of dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran-Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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15
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Dong S, Tarkowska D, Sedaghatmehr M, Welsch M, Gupta S, Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S. The HB40-JUB1 transcriptional regulatory network controls gibberellin homeostasis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:322-339. [PMID: 34728415 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that play fundamental roles in almost every aspect of plant growth and development. Although GA biosynthetic and signaling pathways are well understood, the mechanisms that control GA homeostasis remain largely unclear in plants. Here, we demonstrate that the homeobox transcription factor (TF) HB40 of the HD-Zip family regulates GA content at two additive control levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that HB40 expression is induced by GA and in turn reduces the levels of endogenous bioactive GAs by simultaneously reducing GA biosynthesis and increasing GA deactivation. Consistently, HB40 overexpression leads to typical GA-deficiency traits, such as small rosettes, reduced plant height, delayed flowering, and male sterility. By contrast, a loss-of-function hb40 mutation enhances GA-controlled growth. Genome-wide RNA sequencing combined with molecular-genetic analyses revealed that HB40 directly activates the transcription of JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1), a key TF that represses growth by suppressing GA biosynthesis and signaling. HB40 also activates genes encoding GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs), which are major GA-catabolic enzymes. The effect of HB40 on plant growth is ultimately mediated through the induction of nuclear growth-repressing DELLA proteins. Collectively, our results reveal the important role of the HB40-JUB1 regulatory network in controlling GA homeostasis during plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchao Dong
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danuse Tarkowska
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mastoureh Sedaghatmehr
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maryna Welsch
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Gómez-Soto D, Allona I, Perales M. FLOWERING LOCUS T2 Promotes Shoot Apex Development and Restricts Internode Elongation via the 13-Hydroxylation Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:814195. [PMID: 35185961 PMCID: PMC8853612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation and survival of boreal and temperate perennials relies on the precise demarcation of the growing season. Seasonal growth and development are defined by day length and temperature signals. Under long-day conditions in spring, poplar FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) systemically induces shoot growth. In contrast, FT2 downregulation induced by autumnal short days triggers growth cessation and bud set. However, the molecular role of FT2 in local and long-range signaling is not entirely understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool was used to generate FT2 loss of function lines of hybrid poplar. Results indicate that FT2 is essential to promote shoot apex development and restrict internode elongation under conditions of long days. The application of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) to apical buds in FT2 loss of function lines was able to rescue bud set. Expression analysis of GA sensing and metabolic genes and hormone quantification revealed that FT2 boosts the 13-hydroxylation branch of the GA biosynthesis pathway in the shoot apex. Paclobutrazol treatment of WT leaves led to limited internode growth in the stem elongation zone. In mature leaves, FT2 was found to control the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway by increasing GA2ox1 and reducing GA3ox2 expression, causing reduced GA1 levels. We here show that in poplar, the FT2 signal promotes shoot apex development and restricts internode elongation through the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gómez-Soto
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, CNINIA (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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The Active Phytohormone in Microalgae: The Characteristics, Efficient Detection, and Their Adversity Resistance Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010046. [PMID: 35011277 PMCID: PMC8746318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are a class of small organic molecules that are widely used in higher plants and microalgae as chemical messengers. Phytohormones play a regulatory role in the physiological metabolism of cells, including promoting cell division, increasing stress tolerance, and improving photosynthetic efficiency, and thereby increasing biomass, oil, chlorophyll, and protein content. However, traditional abiotic stress methods for inducing the accumulation of energy storage substances in microalgae, such as high light intensity, high salinity, and heavy metals, will affect the growth of microalgae and will ultimately limit the efficient accumulation of energy storage substances. Therefore, the addition of phytohormones not only helps to reduce production costs but also improves the efficiency of biofuel utilization. However, accurate and sensitive phytohormones determination and analytical methods are the basis for plant hormone research. In this study, the characteristics of phytohormones in microalgae and research progress for regulating the accumulation of energy storage substances in microalgae by exogenous phytohormones, combined with abiotic stress conditions at home and abroad, are summarized. The possible metabolic mechanism of phytohormones in microalgae is discussed, and possible future research directions are put forward, which provide a theoretical basis for the application of phytohormones in microalgae.
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18
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Shohat H, Cheriker H, Kilambi HV, Illouz Eliaz N, Blum S, Amsellem Z, Tarkowská D, Aharoni A, Eshed Y, Weiss D. Inhibition of gibberellin accumulation by water deficiency promotes fast and long-term 'drought avoidance' responses in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1985-1998. [PMID: 34541677 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants reduce transpiration to avoid dehydration during drought episodes by stomatal closure and inhibition of canopy growth. Previous studies have suggested that low gibberellin (GA) activity promotes these 'drought avoidance' responses. Using genome editing, molecular, physiological and hormone analyses, we examined if drought regulates GA metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) guard cells and leaves, and studied how this affects water loss. Water deficiency inhibited the expression of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20 oxidase1 (GA20ox1) and GA20ox2 and induced the GA deactivating gene GA2ox7 in guard cells and leaf tissue, resulting in reduced levels of bioactive GAs. These effects were mediated by abscisic acid-dependent and abscisic acid-independent pathways, and by the transcription factor TINY1. The loss of GA2ox7 attenuated stomatal response to water deficiency and during soil dehydration, ga2ox7 plants closed their stomata later, and wilted faster than wild-type (WT) M82 cv. Mutations in GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, had no effect on stomatal closure, but reduced water loss due to the mutants' smaller canopy areas. The results suggested that drought-induced GA deactivation in guard cells, contributes to stomatal closure at the early stages of soil dehydration, whereas inhibition of GA synthesis in leaves suppresses canopy growth and restricts transpiration area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Shohat
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hadar Cheriker
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Himabindu Vasuki Kilambi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Natanella Illouz Eliaz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Shula Blum
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ziva Amsellem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yuval Eshed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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19
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Dong W, Wu D, Wang C, Liu Y, Wu D. Characterization of the molecular mechanism underlying the dwarfism of dsh mutant watermelon plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111074. [PMID: 34763866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing dwarf watermelon is a major objective among breeders. The dsh dwarf watermelon germplasm developed in our laboratory is genetically stable. We previously produced preliminary evidence that Cla010726, which encodes a gibberellin 20-oxidase-like protein, is the primary gene controlling dwarfism in watermelon. However, the underlying genetic mechanism was unknown. In this study, we characterized the spontaneous recessive mutant dsh, which is a gibberellin (GA)-deficient mutant. Many of the phenotypic traits of dsh plants are similar to those of known GA-deficient mutants. The dsh plants were sensitive to exogenous bioactive GAs, which increased seedling height. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of endogenous GA3 proved that the bioactive GA3 content was substantially lower than normal in dsh. Additionally, the T5ClaGA20ox RNAi plants generally exhibited dwarfism, with short stems and internodes as well as small leaves and fruit. An examination of the transgenic plants carrying the ClaGA20ox1 promoter-GUS and mutant ClaGA20ox2 promoter-GUS constructs confirmed that two promoter sites are involved in the regulation of ClaGA20ox expression. Hence, mutations in the promoter of the GA20ox gene, which encodes a key enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, lead to the dwarfism of watermelon plants. The dsh mutant is a potentially useful germplasm resource for developing new watermelon varieties exhibiting dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihui Wang
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Defeng Wu
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Khakhar A, Wang C, Swanson R, Stokke S, Rizvi F, Sarup S, Hobbs J, Voytas DF. VipariNama: RNA viral vectors to rapidly elucidate the relationship between gene expression and phenotype. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2222-2238. [PMID: 34009393 PMCID: PMC8331131 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic transcription factors have great promise as tools to help elucidate relationships between gene expression and phenotype by allowing tunable alterations of gene expression without genomic alterations of the loci being studied. However, the years-long timescales, high cost, and technical skill associated with plant transformation have limited their use. In this work, we developed a technology called VipariNama (ViN) in which vectors based on the tobacco rattle virus are used to rapidly deploy Cas9-based synthetic transcription factors and reprogram gene expression in planta. We demonstrate that ViN vectors can implement activation or repression of multiple genes systemically and persistently over several weeks in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). By exploring strategies including RNA scaffolding, viral vector ensembles, and viral engineering, we describe how the flexibility and efficacy of regulation can be improved. We also show how this transcriptional reprogramming can create predictable changes to metabolic phenotypes, such as gibberellin biosynthesis in N. benthamiana and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, as well as developmental phenotypes, such as plant size in N. benthamiana, Arabidopsis, and tomato. These results demonstrate how ViN vector-based reprogramming of different aspects of gibberellin signaling can be used to engineer plant size in a range of plant species in a matter of weeks. In summary, ViN accelerates the timeline for generating phenotypes from over a year to just a few weeks, providing an attractive alternative to transgenesis for synthetic transcription factor-enabled hypothesis testing and crop engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Khakhar
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Cecily Wang
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Ryan Swanson
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Sydney Stokke
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Furva Rizvi
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Surbhi Sarup
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - John Hobbs
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Department Genetics, Cell Biology, & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55108, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
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21
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Yuxi Z, Yanchao Y, Zejun L, Tao Z, Feng L, Chunying L, Shupeng G. GA 3 is superior to GA 4 in promoting bud endodormancy release in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and their potential working mechanism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:323. [PMID: 34225663 PMCID: PMC8256580 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient low temperature accumulation is the key strategy to break bud dormancy and promote subsequent flowering in tree peony anti-season culturing production. Exogenous gibberellins (GAs) could partially replace chilling to accelerate dormancy release, and different kinds of GAs showed inconsistent effects in various plants. To understand the effects of exogenous GA3 and GA4 on dormancy release and subsequent growth, the morphological changes were observed after exogenous GAs applications, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the contents of endogenous phytohormones, starch and sugar were measured, respectively. RESULTS Morphological observation and photosynthesis measurements indicated that both GA3 and GA4 applications accelerated bud dormancy release, but GA3 feeding induced faster bud burst, higher shoot and more flowers per plant. Full-length transcriptome of dormant bud was used as the reference genome. Totally 124 110 459, 124 015 148 and 126 239 836 reads by illumina transcriptome sequencing were obtained in mock, GA3 and GA4 groups, respectively. Compared with the mock, there were 879 DEGs and 2 595 DEGs in GA3 and GA4 group, 1 179 DEGs in GA3 vs GA4, and 849 DEGs were common in these comparison groups. The significant enrichment KEGG pathways of 849 DEGs highlighted plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, cell cycle, DNA replication, etc. Interestingly, the contents of endogenous GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7 and IAA significantly increased, ABA decreased after GA3 and GA4 treatments by LC-MS/MS. Additionally, the soluble glucose, fructose and trehalose increased after exogenous GAs applications. Compared to GA4 treatment, GA3 induced higher GA1, GA3 and IAA level, more starch degradation to generate more monosaccharide for use, and promoted cell cycle and photosynthesis. Higher expression levels of dormancy-related genes, TFL, FT, EBB1, EBB3 and CYCD, and lower of SVP by GA3 treatment implied more efficiency of GA3. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous GA3 and GA4 significantly accelerated bud dormancy release and subsequent growth by increasing the contents of endogenous bioactive GAs, IAA, and soluble glucose such as fructose and trehalose, and accelerated cell cycle process, accompanied by decreasing ABA contents. GA3 was superior to GA4 in tree peony forcing culture, which might because tree peony was more sensitive to GA3 than GA4, and GA3 had a more effective ability to induce cell division and starch hydrolysis. These results provided the value data for understanding the mechanism of dormancy release in tree peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yuxi
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yuan Yanchao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Liu Zejun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Zhang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Li Feng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong China
| | - Liu Chunying
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Gai Shupeng
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109 China
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22
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Gong M, Qin F, Xiao D, Zhan J, Wang A, He L. Regulatory mechanism of GA 3 on tuber growth by DELLA-dependent pathway in yam (Dioscorea opposita). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:433-448. [PMID: 34142302 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous GA3 responses to DoEXP and DoXTH depend on the DoGA20ox1, DoGA3ox1, DoGA2ox3, DoGA2ox4, DoGID1a, and DoDELLA1 to regulate yam tuber growth. Yam tuber undergoes significant alteration in morphogenesis and functions during growth, and gibberellins (GA) are considered potentially important regulators of tuber growth. However, it is little known about the regulation of GA metabolism and GA signaling components genes in tuber growth of yam. In this study, the cloning and expressions of GA3 level, GA metabolism and signaling genes, and cell wall genes in tuber growth in response to GA3 and GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PP333) treatments were studied. The contents of GA3 accumulated at the tuber growth, with the highest levels in the early expansion stage. DoGA20ox1, DoGA3ox1, and four DoGA2ox genes were significantly abundant in the early expansion stage of tuber and gradually declined along with tuber growth. Three DoGID1 and three DoDELLA genes were showed different expression patterns in the early expansion stage of tuber and gradually declined along with tuber growth. Five DoEXP and three DoXTH genes expression levels were higher in the early expansion stage than in other stages. Exogenous GA3 increased endogenous GA3 levels, whereas the expression levels of DoGA20ox1, DoGA3ox1, DoGID1a, and DoDELLA1 were down-regulated in the early expansion stage of tuber by GA3 treatment, DoGA2ox3 and DoGA2ox4 were up-regulated. PP333 application exhibited opposite consequences. Thus, a mechanism of GA3 regulating yam tuber growth by DELLA-dependent pathway is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Zhou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Gong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qin
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longfei He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Oddy J, Alarcón-Reverte R, Wilkinson M, Ravet K, Raffan S, Minter A, Mead A, Elmore JS, de Almeida IM, Cryer NC, Halford NG, Pearce S. Reduced free asparagine in wheat grain resulting from a natural deletion of TaASN-B2: investigating and exploiting diversity in the asparagine synthetase gene family to improve wheat quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:302. [PMID: 34187359 PMCID: PMC8240372 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the determinants of free asparagine concentration in wheat grain is necessary to reduce levels of the processing contaminant acrylamide in baked and toasted wheat products. Although crop management strategies can help reduce asparagine concentrations, breeders have limited options to select for genetic variation underlying this trait. Asparagine synthetase enzymes catalyse a critical step in asparagine biosynthesis in plants and, in wheat, are encoded by five homeologous gene triads that exhibit distinct expression profiles. Within this family, TaASN2 genes are highly expressed during grain development but TaASN-B2 is absent in some varieties. RESULTS Natural genetic diversity in the asparagine synthetase gene family was assessed in different wheat varieties revealing instances of presence/absence variation and other polymorphisms, including some predicted to affect the function of the encoded protein. The presence and absence of TaASN-B2 was determined across a range of UK and global common wheat varieties and related species, showing that the deletion encompassing this gene was already present in some wild emmer wheat genotypes. Expression profiling confirmed that TaASN2 transcripts were only detectable in the grain, while TaASN3.1 genes were highly expressed during the early stages of grain development. TaASN-A2 was the most highly expressed TaASN2 homeologue in most assayed wheat varieties. TaASN-B2 and TaASN-D2 were expressed at similar, lower levels in varieties possessing TaASN-B2. Expression of TaASN-A2 and TaASN-D2 did not increase to compensate for the absence of TaASN-B2, so total TaASN2 expression was lower in varieties lacking TaASN-B2. Consequently, free asparagine concentrations in field-produced grain were, on average, lower in varieties lacking TaASN-B2, although the effect was lost when free asparagine accumulated to very high concentrations as a result of sulphur deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Selecting wheat genotypes lacking the TaASN-B2 gene may be a simple and rapid way for breeders to reduce free asparagine concentrations in commercial wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Oddy
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Rocío Alarcón-Reverte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Karl Ravet
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Sarah Raffan
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Andrea Minter
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Andrew Mead
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - J. Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DZ UK
| | | | - Nicholas C. Cryer
- Mondelēz UK R&D Ltd, Bournville Lane, Bournville, Birmingham, B30 2LU UK
| | - Nigel G. Halford
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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24
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Cai Z, Yang C, Liao J, Song H, Zhang S. Sex-biased genes and metabolites explain morphologically sexual dimorphism and reproductive costs in Salix paraplesia catkins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:125. [PMID: 34059667 PMCID: PMC8166972 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dioecious species evolved from species with monomorphic sex systems in order to achieve overall fitness gains by separating male and female functions. As reproductive organs, unisexual flowers have different reproductive roles and exhibit conspicuous sexual dimorphism. To date, little is known about the temporal variations in and molecular mechanisms underlying the morphology and reproductive costs of dioecious flowers. We investigated male and female flowers of Salix paraplesia in three flowering stages before pollination (the early, blooming and late stages) via transcriptional sequencing as well as metabolite content and phenotypic analysis. We found that a large number of sex-biased genes, rather than sex-limited genes, were responsible for sexual dimorphism in S. paraplesia flowers and that the variation in gene expression in male flowers intensified this situation throughout flower development. The temporal dynamics of sex-biased genes derived from changes in reproductive function during the different flowering stages. Sexually differentiated metabolites related to respiration and flavonoid biosynthesis exhibited the same bias directions as the sex-biased genes. These sex-biased genes were involved mainly in signal transduction, photosynthesis, respiration, cell proliferation, phytochrome biosynthesis, and phenol metabolism; therefore, they resulted in more biomass accumulation and higher energy consumption in male catkins. Our results indicated that sex-biased gene expression in S. paraplesia flowers is associated with different reproductive investments in unisexual flowers; male flowers require a greater reproductive investment to meet their higher biomass accumulation and energy consumption needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liao
- College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Wen L, Kong Y, Wang H, Xu Y, Lu Z, Zhang J, Wang M, Wang X, Han L, Zhou C. Interaction between the MtDELLA-MtGAF1 Complex and MtARF3 Mediates Transcriptional Control of MtGA3ox1 to Elaborate Leaf Margin Formation in Medicago truncatula. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:321-333. [PMID: 33386852 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the diversity of leaf shapes have been of great interest to researchers. Leaf shape depends on the pattern of serrations and the degree of indentation of leaf margins. Multiple transcription factors and hormone signaling pathways are involved in this process. In this study, we characterized the developmental roles of SMALL AND SERRATED LEAF (SSL) by analyzing a recessive mutant in the model legume Medicago truncatula. An ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana GA3-oxidase 1 (GA3ox1), MtGA3ox1/SSL, is required for GA biosynthesis. Loss of function in MtGA3ox1 results in the small plant and lateral organs. The prominent phenotype of the mtga3ox1 mutant is a more pronounced leaf margin, indicating the critical role of GA level in leaf margin formation. Moreover, 35S:MtDELLA2ΔDELLA and 35S:MtARF3 transgenic plants display leaves with a deeply wavy margin, which resembles those of mtga3ox1. Further investigations show that MtGA3ox1 is under the control of MtDELLA1/2/3-MtGAF1 complex-dependent feedback regulation. Further, MtARF3 behaves as a competitive inhibitor of MtDELLA2/3-MtGAF1 complexes to repress the expression of MtGA3ox1 indirectly. These findings suggest that GA feedback regulatory circuits play a fundamental role in leaf margin formation, in which the posttranslational interaction between transcription factors functions as an additional feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiming Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiteng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhichao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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26
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Akamatsu A, Nagae M, Nishimura Y, Romero Montero D, Ninomiya S, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Kawaguchi M, Takeda N. Endogenous gibberellins affect root nodule symbiosis via transcriptional regulation of NODULE INCEPTION in Lotus japonicus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1507-1520. [PMID: 33300204 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria establish root nodule symbiosis, which is orchestrated by several plant hormones. Exogenous addition of biologically active gibberellic acid (GA) is known to inhibit root nodule symbiosis. However, the precise role of GA has not been elucidated because of the trace amounts of these hormones in plants and the multiple functions of GAs. Here, we found that GA signaling acts as a key regulator in a long-distance negative-feedback system of root nodule symbiosis called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). GA biosynthesis is activated during nodule formation in and around the nodule vascular bundles, and bioactive GAs accumulate in the nodule. In addition, GA signaling induces expression of the symbiotic transcription factor NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) via a cis-acting region on the NIN promoter. Mutants with deletions of this cis-acting region have increased susceptibility to rhizobial infection and reduced GA-induced CLE-RS1 and CLE-RS2 expression, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of GAs occurs through AON. This is supported by the GA-insensitive phenotypes of an AON-defective mutant of HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION1 (HAR1) and a reciprocal grafting experiment. Thus, endogenous GAs induce NIN expression via its GA-responsive cis-acting region, and subsequently the GA-induced NIN activates the AON system to regulate nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Miwa Nagae
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Daniela Romero Montero
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ninomiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naoya Takeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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27
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Prasetyaningrum P, Mariotti L, Valeri MC, Novi G, Dhondt S, Inzé D, Perata P, van Veen H. Nocturnal gibberellin biosynthesis is carbon dependent and adjusts leaf expansion rates to variable conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:228-239. [PMID: 33631808 PMCID: PMC8133661 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimal plant growth performance requires that the presence and action of growth signals, such as gibberellins (GAs), are coordinated with the availability of photo-assimilates. Here, we studied the links between GA biosynthesis and carbon availability, and the subsequent effects on growth. We established that carbon availability, light and dark cues, and the circadian clock ensure the timing and magnitude of GA biosynthesis and that disruption of these factors results in reduced GA levels and expression of downstream genes. Carbon-dependent nighttime induction of gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1 (GA3ox1) was severely hampered when preceded by reduced daytime light availability, leading specifically to reduced bioactive GA4 levels, and coinciding with a decline in leaf expansion rate during the night. We attributed this decline in leaf expansion mostly to reduced photo-assimilates. However, plants in which GA limitation was alleviated had significantly improved leaf expansion, demonstrating the relevance of GAs in growth control under varying carbon availability. Carbon-dependent expression of upstream GA biosynthesis genes (Kaurene synthase and gibberellin 20 oxidase 1, GA20ox1) was not translated into metabolite changes within this short timeframe. We propose a model in which the extent of nighttime biosynthesis of bioactive GA4 by GA3ox1 is determined by nighttime consumption of starch reserves, thus providing day-to-day adjustments of GA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Novi
- PLANTLAB, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PLANTLAB, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Hans van Veen
- PLANTLAB, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Department of Plantecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Author for communication:
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28
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Ramon U, Weiss D, Illouz-Eliaz N. Underground gibberellin activity: differential gibberellin response in tomato shoots and roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1196-1200. [PMID: 32790883 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uria Ramon
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Natanella Illouz-Eliaz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Li S, Wang Q, Wen B, Zhang R, Jing X, Xiao W, Chen X, Tan Q, Li L. Endodormancy Release Can Be Modulated by the GA 4-GID1c-DELLA2 Module in Peach Leaf Buds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713514. [PMID: 34646285 PMCID: PMC8504481 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) plays a key role in the release of bud dormancy and the GA receptor GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1) and DELLA protein are the GA signaling parts, but the molecular mechanism of GA-GID1-DELLA module regulating leaf bud dormancy in peach (Prunus persica) is still not very clear. In this study, we isolated and characterized the GID1 gene PpGID1c from the peach cultivar "Zhong you No.4." Overexpressing PpGID1c in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination, which indicated that PpGID1c has an important function in dormancy. The expression level of PpGID1c in peach leaf buds during endodormancy release was higher than that during ecodormancy and was positively correlated with GA4 levels. Our study also found that GA4 had the most obvious effect on promoting the bud break, indicating that GA4 may be the key gibberellin to promoting peach leaf bud endodormancy release. Moreover, a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that GA4 could increase the expression of the gibberellin signaling gene PpDELLA2. A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay suggested that the PpGID1c interaction with the PpDELLA1 protein was not dependent on gibberellin, while the PpGID1c interaction with PpDELLA2 required GA4 or another gibberellin. These findings suggested that the GA4-GID1c-DELLA2 module regulates peach leaf bud endodormancy release, with this finding significantly enhancing our comprehensive understanding of bud endodormancy release and revealing a new mechanism for regulating leaf bud endodormancy release in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiuli Jing
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Qiuping Tan
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Li
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yang T, Zhang J, Liu B, Zhan X, Liang Y. The GAMYB-like gene SlMYB33 mediates flowering and pollen development in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:133. [PMID: 32922805 PMCID: PMC7459326 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GAMYBs are positive GA signaling factors that exhibit essential functions in reproductive development, particularly in anther and pollen development. However, there is no direct evidence of the regulation of any GAMYB in these biological processes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here, we identified a tomato GAMYB-like gene, SlMYB33, and characterized its specific roles. SlMYB33 is predominately expressed in the stamens and pistils. During flower development, high mRNA abundance of SlMYB33 is detected in both male and female organs, such as microspore mother cells, anthers, pollen grains, and ovules. Silencing of SlMYB33 leads to delayed flowering, aberrant pollen viability, and poor fertility in tomato. Histological analyses indicate that SlMYB33 exerts its function in pollen development in the mature stage. Further transcriptomic analyses imply that the knockdown of SlMYB33 significantly inhibits the expression of genes related to flowering in shoot apices, and alters the transcription of genes controlling sugar metabolism in anthers. Taken together, our study suggests that SlMYB33 regulates tomato flowering and pollen maturity, probably by modulating the expression of genes responsible for flowering and sugar metabolism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xiangqiang Zhan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
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31
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The Origin of Land Plants Is Rooted in Two Bursts of Genomic Novelty. Curr Biol 2020; 30:530-536.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Katyayini NU, Rinne PLH, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, van der Schoot C. Dual Role of Gibberellin in Perennial Shoot Branching: Inhibition and Activation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:736. [PMID: 32582259 PMCID: PMC7289990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching from axillary buds (AXBs) is regulated by a network of inhibitory and promotive forces, which includes hormones. In perennials, the dwarfed stature of the embryonic shoot inside AXBs is indicative of gibberellin (GA) deficiency, suggesting that AXB activation and outgrowth require GA. Nonetheless, the role of GA in branching has remained obscure. We here carried out comprehensive GA transcript and metabolite analyses in hybrid aspen, a perennial branching model. The results indicate that GA has an inhibitory as well as promotive role in branching. The latter is executed in two phases. While the expression level of GA2ox is high in quiescent AXBs, decapitation rapidly downregulated it, implying increased GA signaling. In the second phase, GA3ox2-mediated de novo GA-biosynthesis is initiated between 12 and 24 h, prior to AXB elongation. Metabolite analyzes showed that GA1/4 levels were typically high in proliferating apices and low in the developmentally inactive, quiescent AXBs, whereas the reverse was true for GA3/6. To investigate if AXBs are differently affected by GA3, GA4, and GR24, an analog of the branch-inhibitor hormone strigolactone, they were fed into AXBs of single-node cuttings. GA3 and GA4 had similar effects on GA and SL pathway genes, but crucially GA3 induced AXB abscission whereas GA4 promoted outgrowth. Both GA3 and GA4 strongly upregulated GA2ox genes, which deactivate GA1/4 but not GA3/6. Thus, the observed production of GA3/6 in quiescent AXBs targets GA1/4 for GA2ox-mediated deactivation. AXB quiescence can therefore be maintained by GA3/6, in combination with strigolactone. Our discovery of the distinct tasks of GA3 and GA4 in AXB activation might explain why the role of GA in branching has been difficult to decipher. Together, the results support a novel paradigm in which GA3/6 maintains high levels of GA2ox expression and low levels of GA4 in quiescent AXBs, whereas activation and outgrowth require increased GA1/4 signaling through the rapid reduction of GA deactivation and subsequent GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Päivi L. H. Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Christiaan van der Schoot
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- *Correspondence: Christiaan van der Schoot,
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33
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Naeem M, Waseem M, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Downregulation of SlGRAS15 manipulates plant architecture in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Dev Genes Evol 2019; 230:1-12. [PMID: 31828522 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-019-00643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
GRAS family transcription factors (TF) are involved in multiple biological processes in plants. In recent years among the 54 identified GRAS proteins, only few have been studied functionally in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In the present study, a novel and previously uncharacterized member of tomato GRAS transcription factors family SlGRAS15 was isolated and functionally characterized. It was observed that SlGRAS15 preferably expressed in roots, followed by young leaves, stem, and comparatively low transcripts levels were noticed in all other tissues. To explore the SlGRAS15 function in detail, an RNA interference (RNAi) vector targeting SlGRAS15 was constructed and transformed into tomato plants. The transgenic plants carrying SlGRAS15-RNAi displayed pleiotropic phenotypes associated with multiple agronomical traits including reduced plant height and small leaf size with pointed margins, increased node number, lateral shoots, and petiolules length. In addition, transcriptional analysis revealed that silencing SlGRAS15 altered vegetative growth by downregulating gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes and stimulating the GA deactivating genes, thus lowering the endogenous GA content in tomato transgenic lines. Moreover, the GA signaling downstream gene (SlGAST1) was downregulated but the negative regulator of GA signaling (SlDELLA) was upregulated by SlGRAS15 silencing. The root and hypocotyl length in SlGRAS15-RNAi lines showed reduced growth under normal conditions (Mock) as compared with the wild type (WT) control plants. Taken together, these findings enhanced our understanding that suppression of SlGRAS15 lead to a series of developmental processes by modulating gibberellin signaling and demonstrate an association between the SlGRAS15 and GA signaling pathway during vegetative growth in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Daxuecheng, Shapingba, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Zhu Z, Liang H, Chen G, Li F, Wang Y, Liao C, Hu Z. The bHLH transcription factor SlPRE2 regulates tomato fruit development and modulates plant response to gibberellin. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1053-1064. [PMID: 31123809 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
SlPRE2 is gibberellin inducible and mediates plant response to gibberellin. Silencing of SlPRE2 decreases tomato fruit size, pericarp thickness, placenta size and seed size by regulating cell expansion. Gibberellin is one of the crucial hormones essential for plant growth and developmental processes, including seed germination, stem elongation, and sex expression. Previous studies indicated gibberellin could control fruit development by regulation of genes downstream gibberellin pathway. In the present study, we found that the SlPRE2, a bHLH family transcription factor gene, is highly expressed in immature green fruit. Silencing of SlPRE2 caused reduction of fruits size, pericarp thickness, and placenta size. Meanwhile, smaller seeds were observed in SlPRE2 silenced lines. In addition, the SlPRE2-silenced fruit mesocarp had reduced cell size and expression of SlXTH2 and SlXTH5 which are involved in cell enlargement. Further research showed that SlPRE2 is gibberellic acid-inducible and the expression of gibberellin metabolism-related genes in immature green fruit was affected by the downregulation of SlPRE2. Moreover, the SlPRE2-silenced plants had changed responses to application of exogenous gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis. These findings indicated that SlPRE2 is a regulator of fruit development and affects plant response to gibberellic acid via the gibberellin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Honglian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Fenfen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yunshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Changguang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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35
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Illouz-Eliaz N, Ramon U, Shohat H, Blum S, Livne S, Mendelson D, Weiss D. Multiple Gibberellin Receptors Contribute to Phenotypic Stability under Changing Environments. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1506-1519. [PMID: 31076539 PMCID: PMC6635849 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic and complex gibberellin (GA) response relies on targeted proteolysis of DELLA proteins mediated by a GA-activated GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) receptor. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome encodes for a single DELLA protein, PROCERA (PRO), and three receptors, SlGID1a (GID1a), GID1b1, and GID1b2, that may guide specific GA responses. In this work, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) /CRISPR associated protein 9-derived gid1 mutants were generated and their effect on GA responses was studied. The gid1 triple mutant was extremely dwarf and fully insensitive to GA. Under optimal growth conditions, the three receptors function redundantly and the single gid1 mutants exhibited very mild phenotypic changes. Among the three receptors, GID1a had the strongest effects on germination and growth. Yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that GID1a has the highest affinity to PRO. Analysis of lines with a single active receptor demonstrated a unique role for GID1a in protracted response to GA that was saturated only at high doses. When the gid1 mutants were grown in the field under ambient changing environments, they showed phenotypic instability, the high redundancy was lost, and gid1a exhibited dwarfism that was strongly exacerbated by the loss of another GID1b receptor gene. These results suggest that multiple GA receptors contribute to phenotypic stability under environmental extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanella Illouz-Eliaz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Uria Ramon
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hagai Shohat
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shula Blum
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sivan Livne
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dvir Mendelson
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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36
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Soliman ERS, Meyer P. Responsiveness and Adaptation to Salt Stress of the REDOX-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (RRTF1) Gene are Controlled by its Promoter. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:254-260. [PMID: 30734200 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The REDOX-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (RRTF1) gene encodes a member of the ERF/AP2 transcription factor family involved in redox homeostasis. The RRTF1 gene shows tissue-specific responsiveness to various abiotic stress treatments including a response to salt stress in roots. An interesting feature of this response is an adaptation phase that follows its activation, when promoter levels revert to a base line level, even if salt stress is maintained. It is unclear if adaption is controlled by a switch in promoter activity or by changes in transcript levels. Here we show that the RRTF1 promoter is sufficient for the control of both activation and adaptation to salt stress. As constitutive expression of RRTF1 turned out to be detrimental to the plant, we propose that promoter-regulated adaptation evolved as a protection mechanism to balance the beneficial effects of short-term gene activation and the detrimental effects of long-term gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham R S Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Peter Meyer
- Center for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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37
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Wang Y, Wang X, Deng D, Wang Y. Maize transcriptomic repertoires respond to gibberellin stimulation. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4409-4421. [PMID: 31144186 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormone gibberellin (GA) serves as hub modulator of diverse biological events. Understanding the transcriptomic features of GA-mediated processes has scientific significance. The transcriptomic landscapes of cereal crops upon GA stimulation remains largely unknown. Herein, to reveal the transcriptomic changes in cereal crop maize under GA treatment, we first selected normal height and GA-sensitive maize dwarf plants from advanced backcross population for GA treatment. RNA-seq analysis discovered multiple protein-coding transcripts that were differentially expressed in GA-treated samples compared to distilled water-treated ones. Some differentially expressed transcripts, namely GA-responsive transcripts in this study, encoded the components of GA pathway, including CPS, KS, and KO enzymes for GA biosynthesis, GA2ox enzymes for GA degradation, DELLA repressors and GID1 receptor for GA signaling. A total of 214 shared GA-responsive transcripts were identified both in GA3-treated normal height and GA-sensitive dwarf samples. Shared GA-responsive transcripts were involved in GA signaling, auxin biosynthesis, ethylene response, the composition and structure of cell wall, chlorophyll biogenesis, and sugar homeostasis. In addition, the convergence and divergence in expression of shared GA-responsive transcripts were observed in GA3-treated normal height and GA-sensitive dwarf plants. Interaction network modeling indicated that some shared GA-responsive transcripts tended to be co-regulated, which increases the complexity of GA-triggered regulation at transcriptomic layer. Results presented here will extend our knowledge of GA-mediated regulatory cascade, and enhance our ability to apply hormone GA knowledge in agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Dexiang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Polymeric nanoparticles as an alternative for application of gibberellic acid in sustainable agriculture: a field study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7135. [PMID: 31073210 PMCID: PMC6509338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarrier systems for the encapsulation of agrochemicals can contribute to sustainable agriculture, but few nanosystems have been developed for plant growth regulators (PGRs). The present study evaluated the effects of seed priming using alginate/chitosan (nanoALG/CS) and chitosan/tripolyphosphate (nanoCS/TPP) containing GA3 on the growth and productivity of Solanum lycopersicum cultivated under field conditions. The results demonstrated that nanocarrier systems could improve fruit production, with the productivity increasing almost 4-fold using nanoALG/CS-GA3. This pioneering study demonstrates the potential of nanocarrier systems with PGRs for applications in agriculture.
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39
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Quezada EH, García GX, Arthikala MK, Melappa G, Lara M, Nanjareddy K. Cysteine-Rich Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Family Identification in the Phaseolus Genome and Comparative Analysis of Their Expression Profiles Specific to Mycorrhizal and Rhizobial Symbiosis. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010059. [PMID: 30658517 PMCID: PMC6356535 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are conserved upstream signaling molecules that regulate several biological processes, including plant development and stress adaptation. Cysteine (C)-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are an important class of RLK that play vital roles in disease resistance and cell death in plants. Genome-wide analyses of CRK genes have been carried out in Arabidopsis and rice, while functional characterization of some CRKs has been carried out in wheat and tomato in addition to Arabidopsis. A comprehensive analysis of the CRK gene family in leguminous crops has not yet been conducted, and our understanding of their roles in symbiosis is rather limited. Here, we report the comprehensive analysis of the PhaseolusCRK gene family, including identification, sequence similarity, phylogeny, chromosomal localization, gene structures, transcript expression profiles, and in silico promoter analysis. Forty-six CRK homologs were identified and phylogenetically clustered into five groups. Expression analysis suggests that PvCRK genes are differentially expressed in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Further, transcriptomic analysis revealed that shared and unique CRK genes were upregulated during arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbiosis. Overall, the systematic analysis of the PvCRK gene family provides valuable information for further studies on the biological roles of CRKs in various Phaseolus tissues during diverse biological processes, including Phaseolus-mycorrhiza/rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa-Herminia Quezada
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 37684 León, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel-Xicoténcatl García
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 37684 León, Mexico.
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 37684 León, Mexico.
| | - Govindappa Melappa
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560 078, India.
| | - Miguel Lara
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 62271 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 37684 León, Mexico.
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Band LR, Preston SP. Parameter inference to motivate asymptotic model reduction: An analysis of the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. J Theor Biol 2018; 457:66-78. [PMID: 30040964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Developing effective strategies to use models in conjunction with experimental data is essential to understand the dynamics of biological regulatory networks. In this study, we demonstrate how combining parameter estimation with asymptotic analysis can reveal the key features of a network and lead to simplified models that capture the observed network dynamics. Our approach involves fitting the model to experimental data and using the profile likelihood to identify small parameters and cases where model dynamics are insensitive to changing particular individual parameters. Such parameter diagnostics provide understanding of the dominant features of the model and motivate asymptotic model reductions to derive simpler models in terms of identifiable parameter groupings. We focus on the particular example of biosynthesis of the plant hormone gibberellin (GA), which controls plant growth and has been mutated in many current crop varieties. This pathway comprises two parallel series of enzyme-substrate reactions, which have previously been modelled using the law of mass action (Middleton et al., 2012). Considering the GA20ox-mediated steps, we analyse the identifiability of the model parameters using published experimental data; the analysis reveals the ratio between enzyme and GA levels to be small and motivates us to perform a quasi-steady state analysis to derive a reduced model. Fitting the parameters in the reduced model reveals additional features of the pathway and motivates further asymptotic analysis which produces a hierarchy of reduced models. Calculating the Akaike information criterion and parameter confidence intervals enables us to select a parsimonious model with identifiable parameters. As well as demonstrating the benefits of combining parameter estimation and asymptotic analysis, the analysis shows how GA biosynthesis is limited by the final GA20ox-mediated steps in the pathway and generates a simple mathematical description of this part of the GA biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Band
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon P Preston
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Huang J, Shi Y, Deng D. Unveiling gibberellin-responsive coding and long noncoding RNAs in maize. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:427-438. [PMID: 30341662 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report coding and long noncoding RNAs in maize upon phytohormone gibberellin stimulation. Plant hormone gibberellin (GA) orchestrates various facets of biological processes. Dissection the transcriptomic dynamics upon GA stimulation has biological significance. Feature of maize transcriptome in response to GA application remains largely elusive. Herein, two types of plants, one was with normal height, the other was GA-sensitive dwarfism, were selected from advanced backcross population for GA3 treatment with different concentrations. In control and GA3-treated plants, we identified a large number of coding and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) through sequencing eight ribosomal-depleted RNA libraries. Transcripts encoding GA biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes KS, GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox were significantly differentially expressed in GA3-treated samples. A total of 78 protein-coding transcripts were shared between GA3-treated normal height and dwarf plants. Shared transcripts encoding terpene synthase, MYB transcription factor, and receptor-like protein kinase were co-regulated with their corresponding partners. Out of identified lncRNAs, 22 and 34 significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs were responsive to GA application in normal height and dwarf plants, respectively. Shared GA-responsive lncRNAs were found in GA3-treated normal height and dwarf plants. Some lncRNAs corresponded to precursors of known miRNA, such as zma-miR528a and zma-miR528b. Multiple promising targets of significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs were discovered, including Lazy plant1 for auxin- and GA-mediated shoot gravitropism, bZIP transcription factor member for GA-controlled cell elongation. This study will improve our knowledge of GA-triggered transcriptome change and facilitate a comprehensive understanding of regulatory cascade centering on GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yali Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yining Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dexiang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Tardieu F, Cabrera-Bosquet L, Pridmore T, Bennett M. Plant Phenomics, From Sensors to Knowledge. Curr Biol 2018; 27:R770-R783. [PMID: 28787611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major improvements in crop yield are needed to keep pace with population growth and climate change. While plant breeding efforts have greatly benefited from advances in genomics, profiling the crop phenome (i.e., the structure and function of plants) associated with allelic variants and environments remains a major technical bottleneck. Here, we review the conceptual and technical challenges facing plant phenomics. We first discuss how, given plants' high levels of morphological plasticity, crop phenomics presents distinct challenges compared with studies in animals. Next, we present strategies for multi-scale phenomics, and describe how major improvements in imaging, sensor technologies and data analysis are now making high-throughput root, shoot, whole-plant and canopy phenomic studies possible. We then suggest that research in this area is entering a new stage of development, in which phenomic pipelines can help researchers transform large numbers of images and sensor data into knowledge, necessitating novel methods of data handling and modelling. Collectively, these innovations are helping accelerate the selection of the next generation of crops more sustainable and resilient to climate change, and whose benefits promise to scale from physiology to breeding and to deliver real world impact for ongoing global food security efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- INRA, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F34060, Montpellier, France.
| | - Llorenç Cabrera-Bosquet
- INRA, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Tony Pridmore
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 3RD, UK.
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Ma Y, Chen X, Guo B. Identification of genes involved in metabolism and signalling of abscisic acid and gibberellins during Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo seed morphophysiological dormancy. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1061-1075. [PMID: 29796945 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Key genes involved in metabolism and signalling of abscisic acid and gibberellins during Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo seed morphophysiological dormancy release were identified using phytochemistry, transcriptomics, and bioinformatic methods. The molecular mechanism of seed morphophysiological dormancy of Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo. remains largely unknown. The endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) content of E. pseudowushanense seeds at three developmental stages were quantitatively determined. The results showed the levels of ABA in E. pseudowushanense seeds decreased during seed embryo growth and development, while levels of GA3 increased during seed embryo growth, and levels of GA4 increased during seed dormancy release and seed sprouting. A high-throughput sequencing method was used to determine the E. pseudowushanense seed transcriptome. The transcriptome data were assembled as 178,613 unigenes and the numbers of differentially expressed unigenes between the seed development stages were compared. Computer analysis of reference pathways revealed that 12 candidate genes were likely to be involved in metabolism and signalling of ABA and GAs. The expression patterns of these genes were revealed by real-time quantitative PCR. Phylogenetic relationships among the deduced E. pseudowushanense proteins and their homologous proteins in other plant species were analysed. The results indicated that EpNCED1, EpNCED2, EpCYP707A1, and EpCYP707A2 are likely to be involved in ABA biosynthesis and catabolism. EpSnRK2 is likely implicated in ABA signalling during seed dormancy. EpGA3ox is likely to be involved in GA biosynthesis. EpDELLA1 and EpDELLA2 are likely implicated in GA signalling. This study is the first to provide the E. pseudowushanense seed transcriptome and the key genes involved in metabolism and signalling of ABA and GAs, and it is valuable for studies on the mechanism of seed morphophysiological dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Chai L, Chai P, Chen S, Flaishman MA, Ma H. Transcriptome analysis unravels spatiotemporal modulation of phytohormone-pathway expression underlying gibberellin-induced parthenocarpic fruit set in San Pedro-type fig (Ficus carica L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:100. [PMID: 29859043 PMCID: PMC5984833 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellin (GA) treatments can induce parthenocarpy in the main crop of San Pedro-type figs, the native non-parthenocarpic fruit, however, the underlying mechanism is still largely unclear. RESULTS In our study, GA3 was applied to San Pedro-type fig main crop at anthesis. Sharply increased GA3 content was detected in both female flowers and receptacle, along with significantly decreased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in female flowers, and increased zeatin peak intensity and earlier ABA peak in receptacles. Transcriptome comparison between control and treatment groups identified more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in receptacles than in female flowers 2 and 4 days after treatment (DAT); 10 DAT, the number of DEGs became similar in the two tissues. Synchronized changing trends of phytohormone-associated DEGs were observed in female flowers and receptacles with fruit development. Modulation of ethylene and GA signaling and auxin metabolism by exogenous GA3 occurred mainly 2 DAT, whereas changes in auxin, cytokinin and ABA signaling occurred mainly 10 DAT. Auxin-, ethylene- and ABA-metabolism and response pathways were largely regulated in the two tissues, mostly 2 and 10 DAT. The major components altering fig phytohormone metabolic and response patterns included downregulated GA2ox, BAS1, NCED and ACO, and upregulated ABA 8'-h and AUX/IAA. CONCLUSIONS Thus GA-induced parthenocarpy in fig is co-modulated by the female flowers and receptacle, and repression of ABA and ethylene biosynthesis and GA catabolism might be the main forces deflecting abscission and producing fig parthenocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Chai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Moshe A. Flaishman
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Meitha K, Agudelo-Romero P, Signorelli S, Gibbs DJ, Considine JA, Foyer CH, Considine MJ. Developmental control of hypoxia during bud burst in grapevine. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1154-1170. [PMID: 29336037 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Dormant or quiescent buds of woody perennials are often dense and in the case of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) have a low tissue oxygen status. The precise timing of the decision to resume growth is difficult to predict, but once committed, the increase in tissue oxygen status is rapid and developmentally regulated. Here, we show that more than a third of the grapevine homologues of widely conserved hypoxia-responsive genes and nearly a fifth of all grapevine genes possessing a plant hypoxia-responsive promoter element were differentially regulated during bud burst, in apparent harmony with resumption of meristem identity and cell-cycle gene regulation. We then investigated the molecular and biochemical properties of the grapevine ERF-VII homologues, which in other species are oxygen labile and function in transcriptional regulation of hypoxia-responsive genes. Each of the 3 VvERF-VIIs were substrates for oxygen-dependent proteolysis in vitro, as a function of the N-terminal cysteine. Collectively, these data support an important developmental function of oxygen-dependent signalling in determining the timing and effective coordination bud burst in grapevine. In addition, novel regulators, including GASA-, TCP-, MYB3R-, PLT-, and WUS-like transcription factors, were identified as hallmarks of the orderly and functional resumption of growth following quiescence in buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlia Meitha
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular and Chemical Sciences and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular and Chemical Sciences and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular and Chemical Sciences and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 12900, Uruguay
| | - Daniel J Gibbs
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - John A Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular and Chemical Sciences and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular and Chemical Sciences and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael J Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- The School of Molecular and Chemical Sciences and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Primary Industries and Rural Development, South Perth, 6151, Australia
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Racca S, Welchen E, Gras DE, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Maurino VG, Gonzalez DH. Interplay between cytochrome c and gibberellins during Arabidopsis vegetative development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:105-121. [PMID: 29385297 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of reducing the levels of the mitochondrial electron carrier cytochrome c (CYTc) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants with CYTc deficiency have delayed growth and development, and reach flowering several days later than the wild-type but with the same number of leaves. CYTc-deficient plants accumulate starch and glucose during the day, and contain lower levels of active gibberellins (GA) and higher levels of DELLA proteins, involved in GA signaling. GA treatment abolishes the developmental delay and reduces glucose accumulation in CYTc-deficient plants, which also show a lower raise in ATP levels in response to glucose. Treatment of wild-type plants with inhibitors of mitochondrial energy production limits plant growth and increases the levels of DELLA proteins, thus mimicking the effects of CYTc deficiency. In addition, an increase in the amount of CYTc decreases DELLA protein levels and expedites growth, and this depends on active GA synthesis. We conclude that CYTc levels impinge on the activity of the GA pathway, most likely through changes in mitochondrial energy production. In this way, hormone-dependent growth would be coupled to the activity of components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Zheng C, Kwame Acheampong A, Shi Z, Halaly T, Kamiya Y, Ophir R, Galbraith DW, Or E. Distinct gibberellin functions during and after grapevine bud dormancy release. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1635-1648. [PMID: 29385616 PMCID: PMC5888973 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism regulating dormancy release in grapevine buds is as yet unclear. It has been hypothesized that (i) abscisic acid (ABA) represses bud-meristem activity; (ii) perturbation of respiration induces an interplay between ethylene and ABA metabolism, which leads to removal of repression; and (iii) gibberellin (GA)-mediated growth is resumed. The first two hypothesis have been formally supported. The current study examines the third hypothesis regarding the potential involvement of GA in dormancy release. We found that during natural dormancy induction, levels of VvGA3ox, VvGA20ox, and VvGASA2 transcripts and of GA1 were decreased. However, during dormancy release, expression of these genes was enhanced, accompanied by decreased expression of the bud-expressed GA-deactivating VvGA2ox. Despite indications for its positive role during natural dormancy release, GA application had inhibitory effects on bud break. Hydrogen cyanamide up-regulated VvGA2ox and down-regulated VvGA3ox and VvGA20ox expression, reduced GA1 levels, and partially rescued the negative effect of GA. GA had an inhibitory effect only when applied simultaneously with bud-forcing initiation. Given these results, we hypothesize that during initial activation of the dormant bud meristem, the level of GA must be restricted, but after meristem activation an increase in its level serves to enhance primordia regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlin Zheng
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Atiako Kwame Acheampong
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Zhaowan Shi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tamar Halaly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ron Ophir
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David W Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Etti Or
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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48
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Grigolon S, Bravi B, Martin OC. Responses to auxin signals: an operating principle for dynamical sensitivity yet high resilience. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172098. [PMID: 29410878 PMCID: PMC5792956 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants depend on the signalling of the phytohormone auxin for their development and for responding to environmental perturbations. The associated biomolecular signalling network involves a negative feedback on Aux/IAA proteins which mediate the influence of auxin (the signal) on the auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors (the drivers of the response). To probe the role of this feedback, we consider alternative in silico signalling networks implementing different operating principles. By a comparative analysis, we find that the presence of a negative feedback allows the system to have a far larger sensitivity in its dynamical response to auxin and that this sensitivity does not prevent the system from being highly resilient. Given this insight, we build a new biomolecular signalling model for quantitatively describing such Aux/IAA and ARF responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Grigolon
- LPTMS, Université Paris-Sud XI-Université Paris-Saclay, 15, Rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B. Bravi
- Department of Mathematics, King’s College London, The Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - O. C. Martin
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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49
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Lv L, Huo X, Wen L, Gao Z, Khalil-ur-Rehman M. Isolation and Role of PmRGL2 in GA-mediated Floral Bud Dormancy Release in Japanese Apricot ( Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:27. [PMID: 29434610 PMCID: PMC5790987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy release is regulated by gibberellins (GAs). DELLA proteins are highly conserved and act as negative regulators in GA signaling pathway. The present study established a relationship between PmRGL2 in Japanese apricot and GA4 levels during dormancy release of floral buds. Overexpression of PmRGL2 in poplar delayed the onset of bud dormancy and resulted in dwarf plants, relative to wild-type trees. PmRGL2 exhibited higher expression during ecodormancy and relatively lower expression during endodormancy. The relative level of GA4 exhibited an increasing trend at the transition from endodormancy to ecodormancy and displayed a similar expression pattern of genes related to GA metabolism, PmGA20ox2, PmGA3ox1, PmGID1b, in both Japanese apricot and transgenic poplar. These results suggests that PmRGL2 acts as an integrator and negative regulator of dormancy via a GA-signaling pathway. Moreover, an interaction between RGL2 and SLY1 in a yeast two hybrid (Y2H) system further suggests that SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SLY1, may be a critical factor in the regulation of RGL2 through an SCF SLY1 -proteasome pathway. Our study demonstrated that PmRGL2 plays a negative role in bud dormancy release by regulating the GA biosynthetic enzymes, GA20ox and GA3ox1 and the GA receptor, GID1b.
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50
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Nintemann SJ, Vik D, Svozil J, Bak M, Baerenfaller K, Burow M, Halkier BA. Unravelling Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Linked to Aliphatic and Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Pathways in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2028. [PMID: 29238354 PMCID: PMC5712850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Within the cell, biosynthetic pathways are embedded in protein-protein interaction networks. In Arabidopsis, the biosynthetic pathways of aliphatic and indole glucosinolate defense compounds are well-characterized. However, little is known about the spatial orchestration of these enzymes and their interplay with the cellular environment. To address these aspects, we applied two complementary, untargeted approaches-split-ubiquitin yeast 2-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation screens-to identify proteins interacting with CYP83A1 and CYP83B1, two homologous enzymes specific for aliphatic and indole glucosinolate biosynthesis, respectively. Our analyses reveal distinct functional networks with substantial interconnection among the identified interactors for both pathway-specific markers, and add to our knowledge about how biochemical pathways are connected to cellular processes. Specifically, a group of protein interactors involved in cell death and the hypersensitive response provides a potential link between the glucosinolate defense compounds and defense against biotrophic pathogens, mediated by protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Nintemann
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Vik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Julia Svozil
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Meike Burow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Barbara A. Halkier
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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