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Huang J, Li W. Molecular crosstalk between circadian clock and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24752. [PMID: 38268831 PMCID: PMC10803942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Research has recently found that both animal models and patients with PD have circadian dysfunction, accompanied by abnormal expression of circadian genes and proteins, which implies that the circadian clock plays a crucial role in PD etiopathogenesis. In addition, a strong relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and PD has been observed. Meanwhile, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is highly relevant to dysfunctions of the molecular clock. Therefore, alleviating the neuroinflammation caused by NLRP3 inflammasome signaling by adjusting the abnormal molecular clock may be a potential strategy for preventing and treating PD. In this article, we have reviewed the potential or direct relationship between abnormalities of the circadian clock and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Huang
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
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2
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Chen Y, Xiao L, Qiu J. Neuronomodulation of Excitable Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:103-112. [PMID: 37584858 PMCID: PMC10774251 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronomodulation refers to the modulation of neural conduction and synaptic transmission (i.e., the conduction process involved in synaptic transmission) of excitable neurons via changes in the membrane potential in response to chemical substances, from spillover neurotransmitters to paracrine or endocrine hormones circulating in the blood. Neuronomodulation can be direct or indirect, depending on the transduction pathways from the ligand binding site to the ion pore, either on the same molecule, i.e. the ion channel, or through an intermediate step on different molecules. The major players in direct neuronomodulation are ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels. The key process of direct neuronomodulation is the binding and chemoactivation of ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels, either orthosterically or allosterically, by various ligands. Indirect neuronomodulation involves metabotropic receptor-mediated slow potentials, where steroid hormones, cytokines, and chemokines can implement these actions. Elucidating neuronomodulation is of great significance for understanding the physiological mechanisms of brain function, and the occurrence and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhang Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lin Xiao
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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3
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Vincent JC, Garnett CN, Watson JB, Higgins EK, Macheda T, Sanders L, Roberts KN, Shahidehpour RK, Blalock EM, Quan N, Bachstetter AD. IL-1R1 signaling in TBI: assessing chronic impacts and neuroinflammatory dynamics in a mouse model of mild closed-head injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:248. [PMID: 37884959 PMCID: PMC10601112 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary injury cascades following traumatic brain injury (TBI), with alternating waves of inflammation and resolution. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a critical neuroinflammatory mediator originating from brain endothelial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells, is acutely overexpressed after TBI, propagating secondary injury and tissue damage. IL-1 affects blood-brain barrier permeability, immune cell activation, and neural plasticity. Despite the complexity of cytokine signaling post-TBI, we hypothesize that IL-1 signaling specifically regulates neuroinflammatory response components. Using a closed-head injury (CHI) TBI model, we investigated IL-1's role in the neuroinflammatory cascade with a new global knock-out (gKO) mouse model of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1), which efficiently eliminates all IL-1 signaling. We found that IL-1R1 gKO attenuated behavioral impairments 14 weeks post-injury and reduced reactive microglia and astrocyte staining in the neocortex, corpus callosum, and hippocampus. We then examined whether IL-1R1 loss altered acute neuroinflammatory dynamics, measuring gene expression changes in the neocortex at 3, 9, 24, and 72 h post-CHI using the NanoString Neuroinflammatory panel. Of 757 analyzed genes, IL-1R1 signaling showed temporal specificity in neuroinflammatory gene regulation, with major effects at 9 h post-CHI. IL-1R1 signaling specifically affected astrocyte-related genes, selectively upregulating chemokines like Ccl2, Ccl3, and Ccl4, while having limited impact on cytokine regulation, such as Tnfα. This study provides further insight into IL-1R1 function in amplifying the neuroinflammatory cascade following CHI in mice and demonstrates that suppression of IL-1R1 signaling offers long-term protective effects on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- MD/PhD Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Colleen N Garnett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James B Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emma K Higgins
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Teresa Macheda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lydia Sanders
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kelly N Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ryan K Shahidehpour
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric M Blalock
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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4
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Skjellerudsveen BM, Skoie IM, Dalen I, Grimstad T, Omdal R. The Effect of Biological Treatment on Fatigue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Drugs 2023:10.1007/s40265-023-01888-3. [PMID: 37219801 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a frequent complaint in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Biological drugs have demonstrated beneficial effects on some extraintestinal manifestations, but the effect on fatigue is not clear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of biological and small molecule drugs approved for inflammatory bowel disease on fatigue. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials reporting Federal Drug Agency (FDA)-approved biological and small molecule drugs for use in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in which measures of fatigue were recorded before and after treatment. Only induction studies were included. Maintenance studies were excluded. We searched Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Cinahl (EBSCOhost), Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov in May 2022. Risk of bias was analyzed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Standardized mean difference was used to measure the treatment effect. RESULTS A total of seven randomized controlled trials composed of 3835 patients were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies included patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The studies used three different generic fatigue instruments: the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Vitality Subscale versions 1 and 2. Overall treatment with biological or small molecule agents showed a beneficial effect compared with placebo, with a standardized mean difference of 0.25 (95% confidence interval 0.15-0.34, p < 0.001). The effect was independent of type of drug or subtype of inflammatory bowel disease. DISCUSSION The risk of bias was considered to be low for all domains except for missing outcome data. Even though the included studies were of high methodological quality, the review is limited by the small number of studies included and that the available studies were not designed to evaluate fatigue specifically. CONCLUSION Biological and small molecule drugs used in inflammatory bowel disease have a consistent, though small, beneficial effect on fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inger Marie Skoie
- Department of Dermatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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Varodayan FP, Pahng AR, Davis TD, Gandhi P, Bajo M, Steinman MQ, Kiosses WB, Blednov YA, Burkart MD, Edwards S, Roberts AJ, Roberto M. Chronic ethanol induces a pro-inflammatory switch in interleukin-1β regulation of GABAergic signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex of male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:125-139. [PMID: 36863493 PMCID: PMC10106421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune pathways regulate brain function to influence complex behavior and play a role in several neuropsychiatric diseases, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). In particular, the interleukin-1 (IL-1) system has emerged as a key regulator of the brain's response to ethanol (alcohol). Here we investigated the mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced neuroadaptation of IL-1β signaling at GABAergic synapses in the prelimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an area responsible for integrating contextual information to mediate conflicting motivational drives. We exposed C57BL/6J male mice to the chronic intermittent ethanol vapor-2 bottle choice paradigm (CIE-2BC) to induce ethanol dependence, and conducted ex vivo electrophysiology and molecular analyses. We found that the IL-1 system regulates basal mPFC function through its actions at inhibitory synapses on prelimbic layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. IL-1β can selectively recruit either neuroprotective (PI3K/Akt) or pro-inflammatory (MyD88/p38 MAPK) mechanisms to produce opposing synaptic effects. In ethanol naïve conditions, there was a strong PI3K/Akt bias leading to a disinhibition of pyramidal neurons. Ethanol dependence produced opposite IL-1 effects - enhanced local inhibition via a switch in IL-1β signaling to the canonical pro-inflammatory MyD88 pathway. Ethanol dependence also increased cellular IL-1β in the mPFC, while decreasing expression of downstream effectors (Akt, p38 MAPK). Thus, IL-1β may represent a key neural substrate in ethanol-induced cortical dysfunction. As the IL-1 receptor antagonist (kineret) is already FDA-approved for other diseases, this work underscores the high therapeutic potential of IL-1 signaling/neuroimmune-based treatments for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Varodayan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - A R Pahng
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T D Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - P Gandhi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Bajo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Q Steinman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W B Kiosses
- Microscopy Core Imaging Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Y A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - M D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A J Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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The alarmin interleukin-1α triggers secondary degeneration through reactive astrocytes and endothelium after spinal cord injury. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5786. [PMID: 36184639 PMCID: PMC9527244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers neuroinflammation, and subsequently secondary degeneration and oligodendrocyte (OL) death. We report that the alarmin interleukin (IL)-1α is produced by damaged microglia after SCI. Intra-cisterna magna injection of IL-1α in mice rapidly induces neutrophil infiltration and OL death throughout the spinal cord, mimicking the injury cascade seen in SCI sites. These effects are abolished through co-treatment with the IL-1R1 antagonist anakinra, as well as in IL-1R1-knockout mice which demonstrate enhanced locomotor recovery after SCI. Conditional restoration of IL-1R1 expression in astrocytes or endothelial cells (ECs), but not in OLs or microglia, restores IL-1α-induced effects, while astrocyte- or EC-specific Il1r1 deletion reduces OL loss. Conditioned medium derived from IL-1α-stimulated astrocytes results in toxicity for OLs; further, IL-1α-stimulated astrocytes generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and blocking ROS production in IL-1α-treated or SCI mice prevented OL loss. Thus, after SCI, microglia release IL-1α, inducing astrocyte- and EC-mediated OL degeneration.
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Tang G, Asou Y, Matsumura E, Nakagawa Y, Miyatake K, Katagiri H, Nakamura T, Koga H, Komori K, Sekiya I, Ezura Y, Tsuji K. Short cytoplasmic isoform of IL1R1/CD121a mediates IL1β induced proliferation of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells through ERK1/2 pathway. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09476. [PMID: 35647352 PMCID: PMC9133583 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives IL1β enhances proliferation of synovial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (synMSCs) although they don't express its receptor, IL1R1/CD121a, on the cell surface. This study was aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IL1β-mediated growth promotion. Methods Human synMSCs were isolated from the suprapatellar synovial membrane. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT. Flowcytometric analyses were performed for surface antigen expression. Intracellular signaling pathway was analyzed by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and Q-PCR. Results IL1β enhanced proliferation through IL1R1/CD121a because IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) completely inhibited it. Expression analyses indicated that a short isoform of IL1R1/CD121a is expressed in synMSCs. Immunocytochemistry indicated that IL1R1/CD121a was majorly localized to the cytoplasm. Western blotting indicated that IL1β induced delayed timing of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IκBα degradation in synMSCs. Q-PCR analyses for IL1β-target genes indicated that cyclin D was specifically downregulated by a MAPK/ERK inhibitor, U0126, but not by a NFκB inhibitor, TPCA-1. In contrast, the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL1α and IL6 are significantly decreased by TPCA-1 but less effectively decreased by U0126. Conclusion Our data indicated that the cytoplasmic IL1R1/CD121a transduced IL1β signal in synMSCs. And the growth-promoting effect of IL1β can be separated from its inflammatory cytokine-inducing function in synMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Tang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asou
- Department of Nano-Bioscience, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Matsumura
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Miyatake
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Katagiri
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Nakamura
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Komori
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoich Ezura
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Nano-Bioscience, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Tian Z, Shofer FS, Sandroni AZ, Zhao L, Scanzello CR, Zhang Y. Expression of Human Interleukin 8 in Mice Alters Their Natural Behaviors. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2413-2424. [PMID: 35444450 PMCID: PMC9013918 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of human interleukin (IL) 8 expression on mouse behavior. Methods A mouse line expressing human IL8 in the intervertebral discs (IVD) and cartilaginous tissues (hIL8+ ) was generated. Mouse spontaneous behaviors, including locomotion, climbing, rearing, grooming, eating, drinking, and immobility were recorded with a fully automatic, non-invasive platform. Results Distance traveled by the hIL8+ mice declined with age compared with control littermates, and male hIL8+ mice traveled a shorter distance than male controls and females of either genotype (p <0.05). The hIL8+ mice also spent less time in locomotion than control mice (p <0.01), and male hIL8+ mice spent the least amount of time and had lowest count in locomotion compared with the other 3 groups at 12 weeks of age or greater (p <0.05). The hIL8+ mice spent less time climbing than controls, and male mice spent less time climbing than female mice of the same genotype (p <0.01). The hIL8+ mice spent more time eating and less time drinking than controls, and all mice spent less time eating and more time drinking with increasing age. Finally, hIL8+ mice spent more time immobile than controls, and male hIL8+ mice spent more time immobile than any other group (p <0.05). Conclusion The hIL8+ mice, especially hIL8+ males, showed reduced ambulation and climbing. Mice showed age-related decrease in eating and increase in drinking and grooming time that was also influenced by expression of hIL8. These changes in natural behaviors in control mice are consistent with functional decline with age. Effects of hIL8 superimposed on the natural aging process could involve systemic (e.g., on the brain) and local (e.g., in the spine and joint tissues) mechanisms. Future exploration of these mechanisms might be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhen Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alec Z Sandroni
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Section of Rheumatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Section of Rehabilitation Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Correspondence: Yejia Zhang, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Email ;
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9
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Interleukin-1 receptor on hippocampal neurons drives social withdrawal and cognitive deficits after chronic social stress. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4770-4782. [PMID: 32444870 PMCID: PMC8730339 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression. Several inflammatory-related effects of stress are associated with increased interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling within the central nervous system and are mediated by IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) on several distinct cell types. Neuronal IL-1R1 is prominently expressed on the neurons of the dentate gyrus, but its role in mediating behavioral responses to stress is unknown. We hypothesize that IL-1 acts on this subset of hippocampal neurons to influence cognitive and mood alterations with stress. Here, mice subjected to psychosocial stress showed reduced social interaction and impaired working memory, and these deficits were prevented by global IL-1R1 knockout. Stress-induced monocyte trafficking to the brain was also blocked by IL-1R1 knockout. Selective deletion of IL-1R1 in glutamatergic neurons (nIL-1R1-/-) abrogated the stress-induced deficits in social interaction and working memory. In addition, viral-mediated selective IL-1R1 deletion in hippocampal neurons confirmed that IL-1 receptor in the hippocampus was critical for stress-induced behavioral deficits. Furthermore, selective restoration of IL-1R1 on glutamatergic neurons was sufficient to reestablish the impairments of social interaction and working memory after stress. RNA-sequencing of the hippocampus revealed that stress increased several canonical pathways (TREM1, NF-κB, complement, IL-6 signaling) and upstream regulators (INFγ, IL-1β, NF-κB, MYD88) associated with inflammation. The inductions of TREM1 signaling, complement, and leukocyte extravasation with stress were reversed by nIL-1R1-/-. Collectively, stress-dependent IL-1R1 signaling in hippocampal neurons represents a novel mechanism by which inflammation is perpetuated and social interactivity and working memory are modulated.
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to modulate neuronal signaling in homeostasis and diseases. In homeostasis, IL-1 regulates sleep and memory formation, whereas in diseases, IL-1 impairs memory and alters affect. Interestingly, IL-1 can cause long-lasting changes in behavior, suggesting IL-1 can alter neuroplasticity. The neuroplastic effects of IL-1 are mediated via its cognate receptor, Interleukin-1 Type 1 Receptor (IL-1R1), and are dependent on the distribution and cell type(s) of IL-1R1 expression. Recent reports found that IL-1R1 expression is restricted to discrete subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells and suggest IL-1 can influence neural circuits directly through neuronal IL-1R1 or indirectly via non-neuronal IL-1R1. In this review, we analyzed multiple mechanisms by which IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling might impact neuroplasticity based upon the most up-to-date literature and provided potential explanations to clarify discrepant and confusing findings reported in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Nemeth
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
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11
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Bodnar CN, Watson JB, Higgins EK, Quan N, Bachstetter AD. Inflammatory Regulation of CNS Barriers After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Tale Directed by Interleukin-1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688254. [PMID: 34093593 PMCID: PMC8176952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several barriers separate the central nervous system (CNS) from the rest of the body. These barriers are essential for regulating the movement of fluid, ions, molecules, and immune cells into and out of the brain parenchyma. Each CNS barrier is unique and highly dynamic. Endothelial cells, epithelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and other cellular constituents each have intricate functions that are essential to sustain the brain's health. Along with damaging neurons, a traumatic brain injury (TBI) also directly insults the CNS barrier-forming cells. Disruption to the barriers first occurs by physical damage to the cells, called the primary injury. Subsequently, during the secondary injury cascade, a further array of molecular and biochemical changes occurs at the barriers. These changes are focused on rebuilding and remodeling, as well as movement of immune cells and waste into and out of the brain. Secondary injury cascades further damage the CNS barriers. Inflammation is central to healthy remodeling of CNS barriers. However, inflammation, as a secondary pathology, also plays a role in the chronic disruption of the barriers' functions after TBI. The goal of this paper is to review the different barriers of the brain, including (1) the blood-brain barrier, (2) the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, (3) the meningeal barrier, (4) the blood-retina barrier, and (5) the brain-lesion border. We then detail the changes at these barriers due to both primary and secondary injury following TBI and indicate areas open for future research and discoveries. Finally, we describe the unique function of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 as a central actor in the inflammatory regulation of CNS barrier function and dysfunction after a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen N. Bodnar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James B. Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Emma K. Higgins
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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12
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Kvivik I, Grimstad T, Jonsson G, Kvaløy JT, Omdal R. Anti-HMGB1 auto-Abs influence fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease. Innate Immun 2021; 27:286-293. [PMID: 33940970 PMCID: PMC8186155 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211014252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is common in all chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A conceptual model for understanding the biological basis of fatigue describes it as being a part of the sickness behaviour response generated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. We hypothesised that the pro-inflammatory high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a fatigue-inducing molecule and that auto-Abs against HMGB1 reduce fatigue. We measured Abs against disulphide (ds) HMGB1 and fully reduced (fr) HMGB1 in plasma from 57 patients with Crohn’s disease. Fatigue was rated using the fatigue visual analogue scale (fVAS) and disease activity with faecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein and the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease. Multivariable regression models identified anti-dsHMGB1 and anti-frHMGB1 Abs as the strongest contributing factors for fVAS scores (B = −29.10 (P = 0.01), R2 = 0.17, and B = −17.77 (P = 0.01), R2 = 0.17, respectively). Results indicate that anti-HMGB1 auto-Abs alleviate fatigue possibly by down-regulating HMGB1-induced sickness behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan T Kvaløy
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
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13
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Lu Z, Liu S, Lopes-Virella MF, Wang Z. LPS and palmitic acid Co-upregulate microglia activation and neuroinflammatory response. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100048. [PMID: 35757363 PMCID: PMC9216426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that disturbances in the inflammatory response system can have deleterious effects on neuronal function and mental health. While the correlation between elevated peripheral inflammatory markers and psychiatric disorders are well documented, the exact molecular and neuronal mechanism underlying the connection between activated inflammation and neuropsychiatric behaviour remain elusive. Microglia activation is the key interface between neuro-inflammation and manifestation of psychiatric symptoms. Microglia are immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS) which are primarily involved in the response to inflammatory stimulation and are widely used to study neuroinflammation and test anti-inflammatory chemicals. In the brain, activated microglia play very important roles during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Both stress-related disorders such as Depression and PTSD, and medical conditions such as metabolic syndrome (Mets) and type 2 diabetes (TD2) are associated with increased levels of both saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in circulation. This work was aimed at determining whether SFA interacts with LPS to activate microglia, thus up-regulating neuroinflammatory processes and, if so which pathways were involved in this process. Our results showed that low-dose LPS and palmitic acid (PA) robustly stimulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and the combination of PA and LPS further upregulated proinflammatory cytokines through MAPK, NFκB and AP-1 signaling pathways in the HMC3-human microglial cell line. In addition, PA stimulated ceramide production via de novo synthesis and sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and the combination of LPS and PA further increased ceramide production. HMC3 co-cultured with macrophage and lymphocyte enhanced LPS and PA induced-inflammatory response more than that in HMC3 alone. These results indicate that LPS interacts with PA to activated microglia; induced neuroinflammatory responses, upregulate proinflammatory cytokine expression via MAPK, NFκB, and AP-1 signaling pathways, and induced sphingolipid metabolism in HMC3. These observations suggest that inhibiting microglia activation and reducing LPS and PA-induced inflammatory response may be useful in the treatment of neuronal inflammatory diseases. Microglial activation plays critical role in the pathology of various psychiatric conditions. PA interacts with LPS to active microglia induce proinflammatory cytokine and gene expression. PA and LPS stimulate the MAPK and NFκB signaling pathway regulated IL-6 secretion in microglia. U937 and lymphocyte enhance IL-6 secretion in microglia. PA and LPS plus PA increase ceramide and decrease sphingomyelin productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
| | - Zhewu Wang
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States
- Corresponding author. Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
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14
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Pinteaux E, Abdulaal WH, Mufazalov IA, Humphreys NE, Simonsen-Jackson M, Francis S, Müller W, Waisman A. Cell-specific conditional deletion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) ligands and its receptors: a new toolbox to study the role of IL-1 in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:923-930. [PMID: 32468079 PMCID: PMC7343756 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role in many physiological processes and during the inflammatory and immune response to most common diseases. IL-1 exists as two agonists, IL-1α and IL-1β that bind to the only signaling IL-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1), while a second decoy IL-1 type 2 receptor (IL-1R2) binds both forms of IL-1 without inducing cell signaling. The field of immunology and inflammation research has, over the past 35 years, unraveled many mechanisms of IL-1 actions, through in vitro manipulation of the IL-1 system or by using genetically engineered mouse models that lack either member of the IL-1 family in ubiquitous constitutive manner. However, the limitation of global mouse knockout technology has significantly hampered our understanding of the precise mechanisms of IL-1 actions in animal models of disease. Here we report and review the recent generation of new conditional mouse mutants in which exons of Il1a, Il1b, Il1r1, and Il1r2 genes flanked by loxP sites (fl/fl) can be deleted in cell-/tissue-specific constitutive or inducible manner by Cre recombinase expression. Hence, IL-1αfl/fl, IL-1βfl/fl, IL-1R1fl/fl, and IL-1R2fl/fl mice constitute a new toolbox that will provide a step change in our understanding of the cell-specific role of IL-1 and its receptor in health and disease and the potential development of targeted IL-1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.BOX 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 308A, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Neil E Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, EMBL-Rome, Via Ramarini, 3200015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Maj Simonsen-Jackson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 308A, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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15
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16
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Musella A, Fresegna D, Rizzo FR, Gentile A, De Vito F, Caioli S, Guadalupi L, Bruno A, Dolcetti E, Buttari F, Bullitta S, Vanni V, Centonze D, Mandolesi G. 'Prototypical' proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1) in multiple sclerosis: role in pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:37-46. [PMID: 31899994 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1709823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: It has been recognized for about 20 years that interleukin (IL)-1 signaling is implicated in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disabling, chronic, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Only recently, multifaceted roles of IL-1 emerged in MS pathophysiology as a result of both clinical and preclinical studies. Notably, drugs that directly target the IL-1 system have not been tested so far in MS.Areas covered: Recent studies in animal models, together with the development of ex vivo chimeric MS models, have disclosed a critical role for IL-1 not only at the peripheral level but also within the CNS. In the present review, we highlight the IL-1-dependent neuropathological aspects of MS, by providing an overview of the cells of the immune and CNS systems that respond to IL-1 signaling, and by emphasizing the subsequent effects on the CNS, from demyelinating processes, to synaptopathy, and excitotoxicity.Expert opinion: Drugs that act on the IL-1 system show a therapeutic potential in several autoinflammatory diseases and preclinical studies have highlighted the effects of these compounds in MS. We will discuss why anti-IL-1 therapies in MS have been neglected to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Musella
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Rizzo
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Caioli
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Guadalupi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Dolcetti
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Silvia Bullitta
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanni
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
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17
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Bårdsen K, Brede C, Kvivik I, Kvaløy JT, Jonsdottir K, Tjensvoll AB, Ruoff P, Omdal R. Interleukin-1-related activity and hypocretin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid contribute to fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:102. [PMID: 31101054 PMCID: PMC6525358 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common and sometimes debilitating phenomenon in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and other chronic inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate how IL-1 β-related molecules and the neuropeptide hypocretin-1 (Hcrt1), a regulator of wakefulness, influence fatigue. METHODS Hcrt1 was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 49 patients with pSS. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1RII), IL-6, and S100B protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fatigue was rated by the fatigue visual analog scale (fVAS). RESULTS Simple univariate regression and multiple regression analyses with fatigue as a dependent variable revealed that depression, pain, and the biochemical variable IL-1Ra had a significant association with fatigue. In PCA, two significant components were revealed. The first component (PC1) was dominated by variables related to IL-1β activity (IL-1Ra, IL-1RII, and S100B). PC2 showed a negative association between IL-6 and Hcrt1. fVAS was then introduced as an additional variable. This new model demonstrated that fatigue had a higher association with the IL-1β-related PC1 than to PC2. Additionally, a third component (PC3) became significant between low Hcrt1 concentrations and fVAS scores. CONCLUSIONS The main findings of this study indicate a functional network in which several IL-1β-related molecules in CSF influence fatigue in addition to the classical clinical factors of depression and pain. The neuropeptide Hcrt1 seems to participate in fatigue generation, but likely not through the IL-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Bårdsen
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cato Brede
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Kvivik
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Kvaløy
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | | - Peter Ruoff
- Centre for Organelle Research (CORE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, POB 8100, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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18
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Fatigue in Mastocytosis: A Case Series. Clin Ther 2019; 41:625-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Omdal R, Mellgren SI, Norheim KB. Pain and fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 60:3099-3106. [PMID: 30815693 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue, pain and depression are common in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. These phenomena mutually affect each other and have a considerable impact on the patients' quality of life. While pain is usually regarded as a fairly somatic phenomenon, both fatigue and depression have traditionally been regarded as more-or-less of psychological origin. There is an increasing understanding that this picture is multifaceted; that there is a genetic foundation, and that biological mechanisms regulate the clinical expression through activation of evolutionary, deeply conserved neuronal pathways in the brain. This pattern is evident not only in primary Sjögren's syndrome, but also in other systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, in cancer and in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease. This article will mainly focus on the biology of pain and fatigue. We describe how these factors influence each other, and act with the overarching purpose of defending the organism against harm and danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Ivar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katrine Brække Norheim
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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20
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Wong R, Lénárt N, Hill L, Toms L, Coutts G, Martinecz B, Császár E, Nyiri G, Papaemmanouil A, Waisman A, Müller W, Schwaninger M, Rothwell N, Francis S, Pinteaux E, Denés A, Allan SM. Interleukin-1 mediates ischaemic brain injury via distinct actions on endothelial cells and cholinergic neurons. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:126-138. [PMID: 30453020 PMCID: PMC6363965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key contributor to neuroinflammation and brain injury, yet mechanisms by which IL-1 triggers neuronal injury remain unknown. Here we induced conditional deletion of IL-1R1 in brain endothelial cells, neurons and blood cells to assess site-specific IL-1 actions in a model of cerebral ischaemia in mice. Tamoxifen treatment of IL-1R1 floxed (fl/fl) mice crossed with mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre-recombinase under the Slco1c1 promoter resulted in brain endothelium-specific deletion of IL-1R1 and a significant decrease in infarct size (29%), blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown (53%) and neurological deficit (40%) compared to vehicle-treated or control (IL-1R1fl/fl) mice. Absence of brain endothelial IL-1 signalling improved cerebral blood flow, followed by reduced neutrophil infiltration and vascular activation 24 h after brain injury. Conditional IL-1R1 deletion in neurons using tamoxifen inducible nestin-Cre mice resulted in reduced neuronal injury (25%) and altered microglia-neuron interactions, without affecting cerebral perfusion or vascular activation. Deletion of IL-1R1 specifically in cholinergic neurons reduced infarct size, brain oedema and improved functional outcome. Ubiquitous deletion of IL-1R1 had no effect on brain injury, suggesting beneficial compensatory mechanisms on other cells against the detrimental effects of IL-1 on endothelial cells and neurons. We also show that IL-1R1 signalling deletion in platelets or myeloid cells does not contribute to brain injury after experimental stroke. Thus, brain endothelial and neuronal (cholinergic) IL-1R1 mediate detrimental actions of IL-1 in the brain in ischaemic stroke. Cell-specific targeting of IL-1R1 in the brain could therefore have therapeutic benefits in stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wong
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Hill
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren Toms
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Graham Coutts
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Bernadett Martinecz
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Császár
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nyiri
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Athina Papaemmanouil
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nancy Rothwell
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Denés
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK.
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21
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Omdal R, Skoie IM, Grimstad T. Fatigue is common and severe in patients with mastocytosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018; 32:2058738418803252. [PMID: 30350746 PMCID: PMC6201179 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418803252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue is a common phenomenon in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions,
in cancer, and in neurodegenerative diseases. Although pain and psychological
factors influence fatigue, there is an increasing understanding that there is a
genetic basis, and that activation of the innate immune system is an essential
generator of fatigue. Mast cells are important actors in innate immunity and
serve specialized defense responses against parasites and other pathogens. They
are also major effector cells in allergic reactions. Primary disorders causing
constitutively hyperactivity of mast cells are called mastocytosis and are
frequently due to a gain-of-function mutation of the KIT gene
encoding the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. It is a clinical experience
that patients with mast cell disorders suffer from fatigue, but there is a lack
of scientific literature on the phenomenon. We performed a controlled study of
fatigue in mastocytosis patients and document a 54% prevalence of clinical
significant fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Omdal
- 1 Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,2 Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inger Marie Skoie
- 3 Department of Dermatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tore Grimstad
- 2 Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,4 Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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22
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Herman FJ, Pasinetti GM. Principles of inflammasome priming and inhibition: Implications for psychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:66-84. [PMID: 29902514 PMCID: PMC6526722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of inflammatory proteins by the innate immune system is a tightly orchestrated procedure that allows the body to efficiently respond to exogenous and endogenous threats. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that disturbances in the inflammatory response system not only provoke autoimmune disorders, but also can have deleterious effects on neuronal function and mental health. As inflammation in the brain is primarily mediated by microglia, there has been an expanding focus on the mechanisms through which these cells initiate and propagate neuroinflammation. Microglia can enter persistently active states upon their initial recognition of an environmental stressor and are thereafter prone to elicit amplified and persistent inflammatory responses following subsequent exposures to stressors. A recent focus on why primed microglia cells are susceptible to environmental insults has been the NLRP3 inflammasome. Its function within the innate immune system is regulated in such a manner that supports a role for the complex in gating neuroinflammatory responses. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia results in the cleavage of zymogen inflammatory interleukins into functional forms that elicit a number of consequential effects in the local neuronal environment. There is evidence to support the principle that within primed neuroimmune systems a lowered threshold for NLRP3 activation can cause persistent neuroinflammation or the amplified production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. Over the course of an individual's lifetime, persistent neuroinflammation can subsequently lead to the pathophysiological signatures that define psychological disorders. Therefore, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome complex may represent an innovative and consequential approach to limit neuroinflammatory states in psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J. Herman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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23
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Chung JY, Krapp N, Wu L, Lule S, McAllister LM, Edmiston WJ, Martin S, Levy E, Songtachalert T, Sherwood JS, Buckley EM, Sanders B, Izzy S, Hickman S, Guo S, Lok J, El Khoury J, Lo EH, Kaplan D, Whalen MJ. Interleukin-1 Receptor 1 Deletion in Focal and Diffuse Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:370-379. [PMID: 29768967 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Important differences in the biology of focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) subtypes may result in unique pathophysiological responses to shared molecular mechanisms. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling has been tested as a potential therapeutic target in preclinical models of cerebral contusion and diffuse TBI, and in a phase II clinical trial, but no published studies have examined IL-1 signaling in an impact/acceleration closed head injury (CHI) model. We hypothesized that genetic deletion of IL-1 receptor-1 (IL-1R1 KO) would be beneficial in focal (contusion) and CHI in mice. Wild type and IL-1R1 KO mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI), or to CHI. CCI produced brain leukocyte infiltration, HMGB1 translocation and release, edema, cell death, and cognitive deficits. CHI induced peak rotational acceleration of 9.7 × 105 ± 8.1 × 104 rad/s2, delayed time to righting reflex, and robust Morris water maze deficits without deficits in tests of anxiety, locomotion, sensorimotor function, or depression. CHI produced no discernable acute plasmalemma damage or cell death, blood-brain barrier permeability to IgG, or brain edema and only a modest increase in brain leukocyte infiltration at 72 h. In both models, mature (17 kDa) interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was induced by 24 h in CD31+ endothelial cells isolated from injured brain but was not induced in CD11b+ cells in either model. High mobility group box protein-1 was released from injured brain cells in CCI but not CHI. Surprisingly, cognitive outcome in mice with global deletion of IL-1R1 was improved in CHI, but worse after CCI without affecting lesion size, edema, or infiltration of CD11b+/CD45+ leukocytes in CCI. IL-1R1 may induce unique biological responses, beneficial or detrimental to cognitive outcome, after TBI depending on the pathoanatomical subtype. Brain endothelium is a hitherto unrecognized source of mature IL-1β in both models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yong Chung
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicolas Krapp
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Limin Wu
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sevda Lule
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren M McAllister
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William J Edmiston
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha Martin
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Levy
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tanya Songtachalert
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John S Sherwood
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin M Buckley
- 4 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,5 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bharat Sanders
- 4 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Saef Izzy
- 6 Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Hickman
- 7 Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- 8 Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Lok
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- 7 Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eng H Lo
- 8 Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Kaplan
- 9 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Whalen
- 1 Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Hepatocyte-specific deletion of IL1-RI attenuates liver injury by blocking IL-1 driven autoinflammation. J Hepatol 2018; 68:986-995. [PMID: 29366909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interleukin (IL)-1-type cytokines including IL-1α, IL-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) are among the most potent molecules of the innate immune system and exert biological activities through the ubiquitously expressed interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). The role of IL-1R1 in hepatocytes during acute liver failure (ALF) remains undetermined. METHODS The role of IL-1R1 during ALF was investigated using a novel transgenic mouse model exhibiting deletion of all signaling-capable IL-1R isoforms in hepatocytes (Il1r1Hep-/-). RESULTS ALF induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly attenuated in Il1r1Hep-/- mice leading to reduced mortality. Conditional deletion of Il1r1 decreased activation of injurious c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)/c-Jun signaling, activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and prevented caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, Il1r1Hep-/- mice exhibited reduced local and systemic inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels, especially TNF-α, IL-1α/β, IL-6, CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and CXCL-2, and a reduced neutrophil recruitment into the hepatic tissue in response to injury. NLRP3 inflammasome expression and caspase 1 activation were suppressed in the absence of the hepatocellular IL-1R1. Inhibition of IL-1R1 using IL-1ra (anakinra) attenuated the severity of liver injury, while IL-1α administration exaggerated it. These effects were lost ex vivo and at later time points, supporting a role of IL-1R1 in inflammatory signal amplification during acute liver injury. CONCLUSION IL-1R1 in hepatocytes plays a pivotal role in an IL-1-driven auto-amplification of cell death and inflammation in the onset of ALF. LAY SUMMARY Acute liver injury which can cause lethal liver failure is medicated by a class of proteins called cytokines. Among these, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the corresponding receptor IL-1R1 play a prominent role in the immune system, but their role in the liver is undetermined. In the current study, a novel mouse model with defective IL-1R1 in liver cells was studied. Mice lacking this receptor in liver cells were protected from cell death to a certain extent. This protection occurred only in the presence of other, neighboring cells, arguing for the involvement of proteins derived from these cells. This effect is called paracrine signaling and the current study has for the first time shown that the IL-1R1 receptor on hepatocytes is involved in acute liver failure in this context. The approved drug anakinra - which blocks IL-1R1 - had the same effect, supporting the proposed mechanism of action. The findings of this study suggest new treatment options for patients with acute liver failure by blocking defined signals of the immune system.
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Combined Blockade of Interleukin-1α and -1β Signaling Protects Mice from Cognitive Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0385-17. [PMID: 29662944 PMCID: PMC5898697 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0385-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse activation of interleukin-1 inflammatory cytokine signaling after traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits progressive neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric dysfunction, and thus represents a potential opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Although interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β both activate the common type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI), they manifest distinct injury-specific roles in some models of neurodegeneration. Despite its potential relevance to treating patients with TBI, however, the individual contributions of IL-1α and IL-1β to TBI-pathology have not been previously investigated. To address this need, we applied genetic and pharmacologic approaches in mice to dissect the individual contributions of IL-1α, IL-β, and IL-1RI signaling to the pathophysiology of fluid percussion–mediated TBI, a model of mixed focal and diffuse TBI. IL-1RI ablation conferred a greater protective effect on brain cytokine expression and cognitive function after TBI than did individual IL-1α or IL-1β ablation. This protective effect was recapitulated by treatment with the drug anakinra, a recombinant naturally occurring IL-1RI antagonist. Our data thus suggest that broad targeting of IL-1RI signaling is more likely to reduce neuroinflammation and preserve cognitive function after TBI than are approaches that individually target IL-1α or IL-1β signaling.
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26
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Bodnar CN, Morganti JM, Bachstetter AD. Depression following a traumatic brain injury: uncovering cytokine dysregulation as a pathogenic mechanism. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1693-1704. [PMID: 30136679 PMCID: PMC6128046 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.238604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of individuals have long-lasting adverse effects from a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Depression is one of these long-term complications that influences many aspects of life. Depression can limit the ability to return to work, and even worsen cognitive function and contribute to dementia. The mechanistic cause for the increased depression risk associated with a TBI remains to be defined. As TBI results in chronic neuroinflammation, and priming of glia to a secondary challenge, the inflammatory theory of depression provides a promising framework for investigating the cause of depression following a TBI. Increases in cytokines similar to those seen in depression in the general population are also increased following a TBI. Biomarker levels of cytokines peak within hours-to-days after the injury, yet pro-inflammatory cytokines may still be elevated above physiological levels months-to-years following TBI, which is the time frame in which post-TBI depression can persist. As tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 can signal directly at the neuronal synapse, pathophysiological levels of these cytokines can detrimentally alter neuronal synaptic physiology. The purpose of this review is to outline the current evidence for the inflammatory hypothesis of depression specifically as it relates to depression following a TBI. Moreover, we will illustrate the potential synaptic mechanisms by which tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 could contribute to depression. The association of inflammation with the development of depression is compelling; however, in the context of post-TBI depression, the role of inflammation is understudied. This review attempts to highlight the need to understand and treat the psychological complications of a TBI, potentially by neuroimmune modulation, as the neuropsychiatric disabilities can have a great impact on the rehabilitation from the injury, and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen N Bodnar
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Josh M Morganti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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27
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Matsuwaki T, Shionoya K, Ihnatko R, Eskilsson A, Kakuta S, Dufour S, Schwaninger M, Waisman A, Müller W, Pinteaux E, Engblom D, Blomqvist A. Involvement of interleukin-1 type 1 receptors in lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness responses. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:165-176. [PMID: 28655587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickness responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined in mice with deletion of the interleukin (IL)-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1). IL-1R1 knockout (KO) mice displayed intact anorexia and HPA-axis activation to intraperitoneally injected LPS (anorexia: 10 or 120µg/kg; HPA-axis: 120µg/kg), but showed attenuated but not extinguished fever (120µg/kg). Brain PGE2 synthesis was attenuated, but Cox-2 induction remained intact. Neither the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) inhibitor etanercept nor the IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab abolished the LPS induced fever in IL-1R1 KO mice. Deletion of IL-1R1 specifically in brain endothelial cells attenuated the LPS induced fever, but only during the late, 3rd phase of fever, whereas deletion of IL-1R1 on neural cells or on peripheral nerves had little or no effect on the febrile response. We conclude that while IL-1 signaling is not critical for LPS induced anorexia or stress hormone release, IL-1R1, expressed on brain endothelial cells, contributes to the febrile response to LPS. However, also in the absence of IL-1R1, LPS evokes a febrile response, although this is attenuated. This remaining fever seems not to be mediated by IL-6 receptors or TNFα, but by some yet unidentified pyrogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuwaki
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kiseko Shionoya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Eskilsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - David Engblom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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28
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Murta V, Ferrari C. Peripheral Inflammation and Demyelinating Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 949:263-285. [PMID: 27714694 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, several neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to be exacerbated by systemic inflammatory processes. There is a wide range of literature that demonstrates a clear but complex relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immunological system, both under naïve or pathological conditions. In diseased brains, peripheral inflammation can transform "primed" microglia into an "active" state, which can trigger stronger pathological responses. Demyelinating diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by inflammatory lesions associated with demyelination, which in turn induces axonal damage, neurodegeneration, and progressive loss of function. Among them, the most important are multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). In this review, we will analyze the effect of specific peripheral inflammatory stimuli in the progression of demyelinating diseases and discuss their animal models. In most cases, peripheral immune stimuli are exacerbating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Murta
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Ferrari
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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29
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Involvement of the IL-1 system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: Breaking the vicious cycle between IL-1β and GM-CSF. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:1-8. [PMID: 27432634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Given the autoimmune nature of the disease, a large part of the research has focused on autoreactive T and B cells. However, research on the involvement of myeloid cells in the pathophysiology of MS has received a strong and renewed attention over the recent years. Despite the multitude of inflammatory mediators involved in innate immunity, only a select group of cytokines are absolutely critical to the development of CNS autoimmunity, among which is interleukin (IL)-1. While the importance of the IL-1 system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS has been recognized for about 20years, it is only recently that we have begun to understand that IL-1 plays multifaceted roles in disease initiation, development, amplification and chronicity. Here, we review the recent findings showing an implication of the IL-1 system in EAE and MS, and introduce a model that highlights how IL-1β and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are interacting together to create a vicious feedback cycle of CNS inflammation that ultimately leads to myelin and neuronal damage.
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30
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Redondo-Castro E, Cunningham C, Miller J, Martuscelli L, Aoulad-Ali S, Rothwell NJ, Kielty CM, Allan SM, Pinteaux E. Interleukin-1 primes human mesenchymal stem cells towards an anti-inflammatory and pro-trophic phenotype in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:79. [PMID: 28412968 PMCID: PMC5393041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a key contributor to central nervous system (CNS) injury such as stroke, and is a major target for therapeutic intervention. Effective treatments for CNS injuries are limited and applicable to only a minority of patients. Stem cell-based therapies are increasingly considered for the treatment of CNS disease, because they can be used as in-situ regulators of inflammation, and improve tissue repair and recovery. One promising option is the use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can secrete anti-inflammatory and trophic factors, can migrate towards inflamed and injured sites or can be implanted locally. Here we tested the hypothesis that pre-treatment with inflammatory cytokines can prime MSCs towards an anti-inflammatory and pro-trophic phenotype in vitro. Methods Human MSCs from three different donors were cultured in vitro and treated with inflammatory mediators as follows: interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interferon-γ. After 24 h of treatment, cell supernatants were analysed by ELISA for expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To confirm the anti-inflammatory potential of MSCs, immortalised mouse microglial BV2 cells were treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exposed to conditioned media (CM) of naïve or IL-1-primed MSCs, and levels of secreted microglial-derived inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-10, G-CSF and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. Results Unstimulated MSCs constitutively expressed anti-inflammatory cytokines and trophic factors (IL-10, VEGF, BDNF, G-CSF, NGF and IL-1Ra). MSCs primed with IL-1α or IL-1β showed increased secretion of G-CSF, which was blocked by IL-1Ra. Furthermore, LPS-treated BV2 cells secreted less inflammatory and apoptotic markers, and showed increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in response to treatment with CM of IL-1-primed MSCs compared with CM of unprimed MSCs. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that priming MSCs with IL-1 increases expression of trophic factor G-CSF through an IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) mechanism, and induces a reduction in the secretion of inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated microglial cells. The results therefore support the potential use of preconditioning treatments of stem cells in future therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0531-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Redondo-Castro
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catriona Cunningham
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonjo Miller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Licia Martuscelli
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Aoulad-Ali
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nancy J Rothwell
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cay M Kielty
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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31
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Wang Z, Caughron B, Young MRI. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Immunological Disorder? Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:222. [PMID: 29163241 PMCID: PMC5681483 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit an increased state of inflammation. Various animal models for PTSD have shown some of the same immune imbalances as have been shown in human subjects with PTSD, and some of these studies are discussed in this review. However, animal studies can only indirectly implicate immune involvement in PTSD in humans. This review of mainly studies with human subjects focuses on dissecting the immunological role in the pathogenesis of PTSD following initial trauma exposure. It addresses both the inflammatory state associated with PTSD and the immune imbalance between stimulatory and inhibitory immune mediators, as well as variables that can lead to discrepancies between analyses. The concept of immunological treatment approaches is proposed for PTSD, as new treatments are needed for this devastating disorder that is affecting unprecedented numbers of Veterans from the long-standing wars in the Middle East and which affects civilians following severe trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewu Wang
- Mental Health Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Blaine Caughron
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - M Rita I Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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32
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Booker CS, Grattan DR. IL1R9Is Evolutionarily Related toIL18BPand May Function as an IL-18 Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:270-278. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mufazalov IA, Schelmbauer C, Regen T, Kuschmann J, Wanke F, Gabriel LA, Hauptmann J, Müller W, Pinteaux E, Kurschus FC, Waisman A. IL-1 signaling is critical for expansion but not generation of autoreactive GM-CSF+ Th17 cells. EMBO J 2016; 36:102-115. [PMID: 27827809 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is implicated in numerous pathologies, including multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the exact mechanism by which IL-1 is involved in the generation of pathogenic T cells and in disease development remains largely unknown. We found that following EAE induction, pertussis toxin administration leads to IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1)-dependent IL-1β expression by myeloid cells in the draining lymph nodes. This myeloid-derived IL-1β did not vitally contribute to the generation and plasticity of Th17 cells, but rather promoted the expansion of a GM-CSF+ Th17 cell subset, thereby enhancing its encephalitogenic potential. Lack of expansion of GM-CSF-producing Th17 cells led to ameliorated disease in mice deficient for IL-1R1 specifically in T cells. Importantly, pathogenicity of IL-1R1-deficient T cells was fully restored by IL-23 polarization and expansion in vitro Therefore, our data demonstrate that IL-1 functions as a mitogenic mediator of encephalitogenic Th17 cells rather than qualitative inducer of their generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Janina Kuschmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laureen A Gabriel
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Judith Hauptmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Florian C Kurschus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Generation of a Novel T Cell Specific Interleukin-1 Receptor Type 1 Conditional Knock Out Mouse Reveals Intrinsic Defects in Survival, Expansion and Cytokine Production of CD4 T Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161505. [PMID: 27551932 PMCID: PMC4995027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a crucial role in numerous inflammatory diseases via action on its only known signaling IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). To investigate the role of IL-1 signaling in selected cell types, we generated a new mouse strain in which exon 5 of the Il1r1 gene is flanked by loxP sites. Crossing of these mice with CD4-Cre transgenic mice resulted in IL-1R1 loss of function specifically in T cells. These mice, termed IL-1R1ΔT, displayed normal development under steady state conditions. Importantly, isolated CD4 positive T cells retained their capacity to differentiate toward Th1 or Th17 cell lineages in vitro, and strongly proliferated in cultures supplemented with either anti-CD3/CD28 or Concanavalin A, but, as predicted, were completely unresponsive to IL-1β administration. Furthermore, IL-1R1ΔT mice were protected from gut inflammation in the anti-CD3 treatment model, due to dramatically reduced frequencies and absolute numbers of IL-17A and interferon (IFN)-γ producing cells. Taken together, our data shows the necessity of intact IL-1 signaling for survival and expansion of CD4 T cells that were developed in an otherwise IL-1 sufficient environment.
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Wohleb ES, Franklin T, Iwata M, Duman RS. Integrating neuroimmune systems in the neurobiology of depression. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:497-511. [PMID: 27277867 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that immune dysregulation, specifically of inflammatory processes, is associated with symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). In particular, increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and concomitant activation of brain-resident microglia can lead to depressive behavioural symptoms. Repeated exposure to psychological stress has a profound impact on peripheral immune responses and perturbs the function of brain microglia, which may contribute to neurobiological changes underlying MDD. Here, we review these findings and discuss ongoing studies examining neuroimmune mechanisms that influence neuronal activity as well as synaptic plasticity. Interventions targeting immune-related cellular and molecular pathways may benefit subsets of MDD patients with immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Wohleb
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Tina Franklin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
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DiSabato DJ, Quan N, Godbout JP. Neuroinflammation: the devil is in the details. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:136-153. [PMID: 26990767 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 795] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is significant interest in understanding inflammatory responses within the brain and spinal cord. Inflammatory responses that are centralized within the brain and spinal cord are generally referred to as 'neuroinflammatory'. Aspects of neuroinflammation vary within the context of disease, injury, infection, or stress. The context, course, and duration of these inflammatory responses are all critical aspects in the understanding of these processes and their corresponding physiological, biochemical, and behavioral consequences. Microglia, innate immune cells of the CNS, play key roles in mediating these neuroinflammatory responses. Because the connotation of neuroinflammation is inherently negative and maladaptive, the majority of research focus is on the pathological aspects of neuroinflammation. There are, however, several degrees of neuroinflammatory responses, some of which are positive. In many circumstances including CNS injury, there is a balance of inflammatory and intrinsic repair processes that influences functional recovery. In addition, there are several other examples where communication between the brain and immune system involves neuroinflammatory processes that are beneficial and adaptive. The purpose of this review is to distinguish different variations of neuroinflammation in a context-specific manner and detail both positive and negative aspects of neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we will use brain and spinal cord injury, stress, aging, and other inflammatory events to illustrate the potential harm and benefits inherent to neuroinflammation. Context, course, and duration of the inflammation are highly important to the interpretation of these events, and we aim to provide insight into this by detailing several commonly studied insults. This article is part of the 60th anniversary supplemental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J DiSabato
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. .,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Clausen BH, Lambertsen KL, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Babcock AA, von Linstow CU, Meldgaard M, Kristensen BW, Deierborg T, Finsen B. Cell therapy centered on IL-1Ra is neuroprotective in experimental stroke. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:775-91. [PMID: 26860727 PMCID: PMC4835531 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are emerging as new promising treatments in stroke. However, their functional mechanism and therapeutic potential during early infarct maturation has so far received little attention. Here, we asked if cell-based delivery of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a known neuroprotectant in stroke, can promote neuroprotection, by modulating the detrimental inflammatory response in the tissue at risk. We show by the use of IL-1Ra-overexpressing and IL-1Ra-deficient mice that IL-1Ra is neuroprotective in stroke. Characterization of the cellular and spatiotemporal production of IL-1Ra and IL-1α/β identifies microglia, not infiltrating leukocytes, as the major sources of IL-1Ra after experimental stroke, and shows IL-1Ra and IL-1β to be produced by segregated subsets of microglia with a small proportion of these cells co-expressing IL-1α. Reconstitution of whole body irradiated mice with IL-1Ra-producing bone marrow cells is associated with neuroprotection and recruitment of IL-1Ra-producing leukocytes after stroke. Neuroprotection is also achieved by therapeutic injection of IL-1Ra-producing bone marrow cells 30 min after stroke onset, additionally improving the functional outcome in two different stroke models. The IL-1Ra-producing bone marrow cells increase the number of IL-1Ra-producing microglia, reduce the availability of IL-1β, and modulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the ischemic cortex. The importance of these results is underlined by demonstration of IL-1Ra-producing cells in the human cortex early after ischemic stroke. Taken together, our results attribute distinct neuroprotective or neurotoxic functions to segregated subsets of microglia and suggest that treatment strategies increasing the production of IL-1Ra by infiltrating leukocytes or microglia may also be neuroprotective if applied early after stroke onset in patients.
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Abdulaal WH, Walker CR, Costello R, Redondo‐Castro E, Mufazalov IA, Papaemmanouil A, Rothwell NJ, Allan SM, Waisman A, Pinteaux E, Müller W. Characterization of a conditional interleukin-1 receptor 1 mouse mutant using the Cre/LoxP system. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:912-8. [PMID: 26692072 PMCID: PMC4982085 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 is a key cytokine known to drive chronic inflammation and to regulate many physiological, immunological, and neuroimmunological responses via actions on diverse cell types of the body. To determine the mechanisms of IL-1 actions as part of the inflammatory response in vivo, we generated a conditional IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) mouse mutant using the Cre/LoxP system (IL-1R1(fl/fl) ). In the mutant generated, exon 5, which encodes part of the extracellular-binding region of the receptor, is flanked by LoxP sites, thereby inactivating the two previously described functional IL-1R1 gene transcripts after Cre-mediated recombination. Using keratin 14-Cre driver mice, new IL-1R1 deficient (-/-) mice were subsequently generated, in which all signaling IL-1 receptor isoforms are deleted ubiquitously. Furthermore, using vav-iCre driver mice, we deleted IL-1 receptor isoforms in the hematopoietic system. In these mice, we show that both the IL-17 and IL-22 cytokine response is reduced, when mice are challenged by the helminth Trichuris muris. We are currently crossing IL-1R1(fl/fl) mice with different Cre-expressing mice in order to study mechanisms of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ryan Costello
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | - Ilgiz A. Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular MedicineMedical University of Johannes Gutenberg‐University of MainzMainzGermany
| | | | | | - Stuart M. Allan
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular MedicineMedical University of Johannes Gutenberg‐University of MainzMainzGermany
| | | | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Generation and Characterization of Mice Expressing a Conditional Allele of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Type 1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150068. [PMID: 26930558 PMCID: PMC4773179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β exert powerful pro-inflammatory actions throughout the body, mediated primarily by the intracellular signaling capacity of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R1). Although Il1r1 knockout mice have been informative with respect to a requirement for IL-1R1 signaling in inflammatory events, the constitutive nature of gene elimination has limited their utility in the assessment of temporal and spatial patterns of cytokine action. To pursue such questions, we have generated C57Bl/6J mice containing a floxed Il1r1 gene (Il1r1loxP/loxP), with loxP sites positioned to flank exons 3 and 4 and thereby the ability to spatially and temporally eliminate Il1r1 expression and signaling. We found that Il1r1loxP/loxP mice breed normally and exhibit no gross physical or behavioral phenotypes. Moreover, Il1r1loxP/loxP mice exhibit normal IL-1R1 receptor expression in brain and spleen, as well as normal IL-1R1-dependent increases in serum IL-6 following IL-1α injections. Breeding of Il1r1loxP/loxP mice to animals expressing a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven Cre recombinase afforded efficient excision at the Il1r1 locus. The Il1r1loxP/loxP line should be a valuable tool for the assessment of contributions made by IL-1R1 signaling in diverse cell types across development.
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Sobowale OA, Parry-Jones AR, Smith CJ, Tyrrell PJ, Rothwell NJ, Allan SM. Interleukin-1 in Stroke: From Bench to Bedside. Stroke 2016; 47:2160-7. [PMID: 26931154 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun A Sobowale
- From the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.J.R., S.M.A.)
| | - Adrian R Parry-Jones
- From the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.J.R., S.M.A.)
| | - Craig J Smith
- From the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.J.R., S.M.A.)
| | - Pippa J Tyrrell
- From the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.J.R., S.M.A.)
| | - Nancy J Rothwell
- From the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.J.R., S.M.A.)
| | - Stuart M Allan
- From the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom (O.A.S., A.R.P.-J., C.J.S., P.J.T.); and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (N.J.R., S.M.A.).
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Bruttger J, Karram K, Wörtge S, Regen T, Marini F, Hoppmann N, Klein M, Blank T, Yona S, Wolf Y, Mack M, Pinteaux E, Müller W, Zipp F, Binder H, Bopp T, Prinz M, Jung S, Waisman A. Genetic Cell Ablation Reveals Clusters of Local Self-Renewing Microglia in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Immunity 2015; 43:92-106. [PMID: 26163371 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During early embryogenesis, microglia arise from yolk sac progenitors that populate the developing central nervous system (CNS), but how the tissue-resident macrophages are maintained throughout the organism's lifespan still remains unclear. Here, we describe a system that allows specific, conditional ablation of microglia in adult mice. We found that the microglial compartment was reconstituted within 1 week of depletion. Microglia repopulation relied on CNS-resident cells, independent from bone-marrow-derived precursors. During repopulation, microglia formed clusters of highly proliferative cells that migrated apart once steady state was achieved. Proliferating microglia expressed high amounts of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and treatment with an IL-1R antagonist during the repopulation phase impaired microglia proliferation. Hence, microglia have the potential for efficient self-renewal without the contribution of peripheral myeloid cells, and IL-1R signaling participates in this restorative proliferation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bruttger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Simone Wörtge
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicola Hoppmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Blank
- Department of Neuropathology & BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Yona
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yochai Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Department of Neuropathology & BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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42
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Franklin TC, Wohleb ES, Duman RS. The Role of Immune Cells in the Brain during Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Psychiatr Ann 2015. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20150501-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Interleukin 1 type 1 receptor restore: a genetic mouse model for studying interleukin 1 receptor-mediated effects in specific cell types. J Neurosci 2015; 35:2860-70. [PMID: 25698726 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3199-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates diverse neurophysiological and neuropathological effects in the CNS through type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). However, identification of IL-1R1-expressing cell types and cell-type-specific functions of IL-1R1 remains challenging. In this study, we created a novel genetic mouse model in which IL-1R1 gene expression is disrupted by an intronic insertion of a loxP flanked disruptive sequence that can be deleted by Cre recombinase, resulting in restored IL-1R1 gene expression under its endogenous promoters. A second mutation was introduced at stop codon of the IL-1R1 gene to allow tracking of the restored IL-1R1 protein by a 3HA tag and IL-1R1 mRNA by tdTomato fluorescence. These animals were designated as IL-1R1(r/r) and exhibited an IL-1R1 knock-out phenotype. We used IL-1R1 globally restored mice (IL-1R1(GR/GR)) as an IL-1R1 reporter and observed concordant labeling of IL-1R1 mRNA and protein in brain endothelial cells. Two cell-type-specific IL-1R1 restore lines were generated: Tie2Cre-IL-1R1(r/r) and LysMCre-IL-1R1(r/r). Brain endothelial COX-2 expression, CNS leukocyte infiltration, and global microglia activation induced by intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1β were not observed in IL-1R1(r/r) or LysMCre-IL-1R1(r/r) mice, but were restored in Tie2Cre-IL-1R1(r/r) mice. These results reveal IL-1R1 expression in endothelial cells alone is sufficient to mediate these central IL-1-induced responses. In addition, ex vivo IL-1β stimulation increased IL-1β expression in bone marrow cells in wild-type, Tie2Cre-IL-1R1(r/r), and LysMCre-IL-1R1(r/r), but not IL-1R1(r/r) mice. These results demonstrate this IL-1R1 restore model is a valuable tool for studying cell-type-specific functions of IL-1R1.
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Delpech JC, Madore C, Nadjar A, Joffre C, Wohleb ES, Layé S. Microglia in neuronal plasticity: Influence of stress. Neuropharmacology 2015; 96:19-28. [PMID: 25582288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has previously been regarded as an immune-privileged site with the absence of immune cell responses but this dogma was not entirely true. Microglia are the brain innate immune cells and recent findings indicate that they participate both in CNS disease and infection as well as facilitate normal CNS function. Microglia are highly plastic and play integral roles in sculpting the structure of the CNS, refining neuronal circuitry and connectivity, and contribute actively to neuronal plasticity in the healthy brain. Interestingly, psychological stress can perturb the function of microglia in association with an impaired neuronal plasticity and the development of emotional behavior alterations. As a result it seemed important to describe in this review some findings indicating that the stress-induced microglia dysfunction may underlie neuroplasticity deficits associated to many mood disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Delpech
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA 1286, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA 1286, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Agnes Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA 1286, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA 1286, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA 1286, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France.
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45
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Differential mechanisms for insulin-induced relaxations in mouse posterior tibial arteries and main mesenteric arteries. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:173-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Vezzani A, Viviani B. Neuromodulatory properties of inflammatory cytokines and their impact on neuronal excitability. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:70-82. [PMID: 25445483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence underlines that prototypical inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) either synthesized in the central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS) by resident cells, or imported by immune blood cells, are involved in several pathophysiological functions, including an unexpected impact on synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. This review describes these unconventional neuromodulatory properties of cytokines, that are distinct from their classical action as effector molecules of the immune system. In addition to the role of cytokines in brain physiology, we report evidence that dysregulation of their biosynthesis and cellular release, or alterations in receptor-mediated intracellular pathways in target cells, leads to neuronal cell dysfunction and modifications in neuronal network excitability. As a consequence, targeting of these cytokines, and related signalling molecules, is considered a novel option for the development of therapies in various CNS or PNS disorders associated with an inflammatory component. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Vezzani
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy.
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
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47
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Quan N. In-depth conversation: spectrum and kinetics of neuroimmune afferent pathways. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:1-8. [PMID: 24566385 PMCID: PMC6088807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since my last review on neuroimmune communication afferents in 2008, this area has witnessed substantial growth. At a basic science level, numerous new and exciting phenomena have been described, adding both depth and complexity to the crosstalk between the immune system and the nervous system. At a translational level, accumulating evidence indicates neuroimmune interaction could be a contributing factor for many disease states, as well as an effective physiological mechanism that coordinates the activities of these two systems in healthy individuals or during tissue distress. Furthermore, new evidence suggests neuroimmune interactions are inherently dynamic: varying activities in either the nervous system or the immune system could impact interactions between them. In this review I will attempt to integrate multifarious, and sometimes disparate, findings into a modified conceptual framework that describes the concordance of neuroimmune communication through the cooperative connection between these two systems and the dysfunction that may arise when their inappropriate crosstalk occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Quan
- Institute for Behavior Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Re-establishment of anxiety in stress-sensitized mice is caused by monocyte trafficking from the spleen to the brain. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:970-81. [PMID: 24439304 PMCID: PMC4084643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent anxiety-like symptoms may have an inflammatory-related pathophysiology. Our previous work using repeated social defeat (RSD) in mice showed that recruitment of peripheral myeloid cells to the brain is required for the development of anxiety. Here, we aimed to determine if 1) RSD promotes prolonged anxiety through redistribution of myeloid cells and 2) prior exposure to RSD sensitizes the neuroimmune axis to secondary subthreshold stress. METHODS Mice were subjected to RSD and several immune and behavioral parameters were determined .5, 8, or 24 days later. In follow-up studies, control and RSD mice were subjected to subthreshold stress at 24 days. RESULTS Repeated social defeat-induced macrophage recruitment to the brain corresponded with development and maintenance of anxiety-like behavior 8 days after RSD, but neither remained at 24 days. Nonetheless, social avoidance and an elevated neuroinflammatory profile were maintained at 24 days. Subthreshold social defeat in RSD-sensitized mice increased peripheral macrophage trafficking to the brain that promoted re-establishment of anxiety. Moreover, subthreshold social defeat increased social avoidance in RSD-sensitized mice compared with naïve mice. Stress-induced monocyte trafficking was linked to redistribution of myeloid progenitor cells in the spleen. Splenectomy before subthreshold stress attenuated macrophage recruitment to the brain and prevented anxiety-like behavior in RSD-sensitized mice. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that monocyte trafficking from the spleen to the brain contributes re-establishment of anxiety in stress-sensitized mice. These findings show that neuroinflammatory mechanisms promote mood disturbances following stress-sensitization and outline novel neuroimmune interactions that underlie recurring anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Gibson MS, Kaiser P, Fife M. The chicken IL-1 family: evolution in the context of the studied vertebrate lineage. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:427-38. [PMID: 24863340 PMCID: PMC4090809 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 gene family encodes a group of related proteins that exhibit a remarkable pleiotropy in the context of health and disease. The set of indispensable functions they control suggests that these genes should be found in all eukaryotic species. The ligands and receptors of this family have been primarily characterised in man and mouse. The genomes of most non-mammalian animal species sequenced so far possess all of the IL-1 receptor genes found in mammals. Yet, strikingly, very few of the ligands are identifiable in non-mammalian genomes. Our recent identification of two further IL-1 ligands in the chicken warranted a critical reappraisal of the evolution of this vitally important cytokine family. This review presents substantial data gathered across multiple, divergent metazoan genomes to unambiguously trace the origin of these genes. With the hypothesis that all of these genes, both ligands and receptors, were formed in a single ancient ancestor, extensive database mining revealed sufficient evidence to confirm this. It therefore suggests that the emergence of mammals is unrelated to the expansion of the IL-1 family. A thorough review of this cytokine family in the chicken, the most extensively studied amongst non-mammalian species, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gibson
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK,
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del Rey A, Balschun D, Wetzel W, Randolf A, Besedovsky HO. A cytokine network involving brain-borne IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-6, and TNFα operates during long-term potentiation and learning. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 33:15-23. [PMID: 23747799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that long-term potentiation (LTP) induces hippocampal IL-1β and IL-6 over-expression, and interfering their signalling either inhibits or supports, respectively, LTP maintenance. Consistently, blockade of endogenous IL-1 or IL-6 restricts or favours hippocampal-dependent memory, effects that were confirmed in genetically manipulated mice. Since cytokines are known for their high degree of mutual crosstalk, here we studied whether a network of cytokines with known neuromodulatory actions is activated during LTP and learning. We found that, besides IL-1β and IL-6, also IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and IL-18, but not TNFα are over-expressed during LTP maintenance in freely moving rats. The increased expression of these cytokines is causally related to an increase in synaptic strength since it was abrogated when LTP was interfered by blockade of NMDA-glutamate receptors. Likewise, IL-1 and IL-6 were found to be over-expressed in defined regions of the hippocampus during learning a hippocampus-dependent task. However, during learning, changes in IL-18 were restricted to the dorsal hippocampus, and no differences in TNFα and IL1-ra expression were noticed in the hippocampus. Noticeably, IL-1ra transcripts were significantly reduced in the prefrontal cortex. The relation between cytokine expression and learning was causal because such changes were not observed in animals from a pseudo-trained group that was subject to the same manipulation but could not learn the task. Taken together with previous studies, we conclude that activation of a cytokine network in the brain is a physiologic relevant phenomenon not only for LTP maintenance but also for certain types of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana del Rey
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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