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Pominova D, Ryabova A, Skobeltsin A, Markova I, Linkov K, Romanishkin I. The use of methylene blue to control the tumor oxygenation level. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104047. [PMID: 38503388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of many tumors. It promotes tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and can reduce the effectiveness of many types of cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of methylene blue (MB) and its impact on the tumor oxygenation level at mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model using spectroscopic methods. APPROACH The pharmacokinetics of MB were studied qualitatively and quantitatively using video fluorescence imaging and fluorescence spectroscopy. The degree of hemoglobin oxygenation in vivo was examined by calculating hemoglobin optical absorption from the measured diffuse reflectance spectra. The distribution of MB fluorescence and the lifetime of NADH were analyzed using laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to assess cellular metabolism. RESULTS After intravenous administration of MB at 10-20 mg/kg, it quickly transitioned in the tumor to a colorless leucomethylene blue, with maximum accumulation in the tumor occurring after 5-10 min. A concentration of 10 mg/kg resulted in a relative increase of the tumor oxygenation level for small tumors (volume 50-75 mm3) and normal tissue 120 min after the introduction of MB. A shift in tumor metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation (according to the lifetime of the NADH coenzyme) was measured using FLIM method after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg of MB. Intravenous administration of MB at 20 mg/kg results in a long-term decrease in oxygenation, which persisted for at least 120 min after the administration and did not return to its initial level. CONCLUSIONS Administration of MB at 10 mg/kg shown to increase tumor oxygenation level, potentially leading to more effective antitumor therapy. However, at higher doses (20 mg/kg), MB may cause long-term decrease in oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Pominova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Ryabova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Skobeltsin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inessa Markova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Linkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Romanishkin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Yu L, Liu Z, Xu W, Jin K, Liu J, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Towards overcoming obstacles of type II photodynamic therapy: Endogenous production of light, photosensitizer, and oxygen. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1111-1131. [PMID: 38486983 PMCID: PMC10935104 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) approaches face challenges including limited light penetration, low uptake of photosensitizers by tumors, and lack of oxygen in tumor microenvironments. One promising solution is to internally generate light, photosensitizers, and oxygen. This can be accomplished through endogenous production, such as using bioluminescence as an endogenous light source, synthesizing genetically encodable photosensitizers in situ, and modifying cells genetically to express catalase enzymes. Furthermore, these strategies have been reinforced by the recent rapid advancements in synthetic biology. In this review, we summarize and discuss the approaches to overcome PDT obstacles by means of endogenous production of excitation light, photosensitizers, and oxygen. We envision that as synthetic biology advances, genetically engineered cells could act as precise and targeted "living factories" to produce PDT components, leading to enhanced performance of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Giles AV, Edwards L, Covian R, Lucotte BM, Balaban RS. Cardiac nitric oxide scavenging: role of myoglobin and mitochondria. J Physiol 2024; 602:73-91. [PMID: 38041645 PMCID: PMC10872739 DOI: 10.1113/jp284446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular production of nitric oxide (NO) regulates vascular tone. However, highly permeable NO entering the cardiomyocyte would profoundly impact metabolism and signalling without scavenging mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to establish mechanisms of cardiac NO scavenging. Quantitative optical studies of normoxic working hearts demonstrated that micromolar NO concentrations did not alter mitochondria redox state or respiration despite detecting NO oxidation of oxymyoglobin to metmyoglobin. These data are consistent with proposals that the myoglobin/myoglobin reductase (Mb/MbR) system is the major NO scavenging site. However, kinetic studies in intact hearts reveal a minor role (∼9%) for the Mb/MbR system in NO scavenging. In vitro, oxygenated mitochondria studies confirm that micromolar concentrations of NO bind cytochrome oxidase (COX) and inhibit respiration. Mitochondria had a very high capacity for NO scavenging, importantly, independent of NO binding to COX. NO is also known to quickly react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. Stimulation of NO scavenging with antimycin and its inhibition by substrate depletion are consistent with NO interacting with ROS generated in Complex I or III under aerobic conditions. Extrapolating these in vitro data to the intact heart supports the hypothesis that mitochondria are a major site of cardiac NO scavenging. KEY POINTS: Cardiomyocyte scavenging of vascular nitric oxide (NO) is critical in maintaining normal cardiac function. Myoglobin redox cycling via myoglobin reductase has been proposed as a major NO scavenging site in the heart. Non-invasive optical spectroscopy was used to monitor the effect of NO on mitochondria and myoglobin redox state in intact beating heart and isolated mitochondria. These non-invasive studies reveal myoglobin/myoglobin reductase plays a minor role in cardiac NO scavenging. A high capacity for NO scavenging by heart mitochondria was demonstrated, independent of cytochrome oxidase binding but dependent on oxygen and high redox potentials consistent with generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail V Giles
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lanelle Edwards
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raul Covian
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bertrand M. Lucotte
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert S Balaban
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Cai J, Hu G, Hu L, Chen J, Chen D, Liu D, Wang X, Hu B, Li C. A CaCO 3-based nanoplatform with sonodynamic and tumor microenvironment activated for combined in vitro cancer therapy. Transl Oncol 2023; 38:101771. [PMID: 37729741 PMCID: PMC10518365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has potential clinical applications for cancer therapy, and is yet restricted by complex tumor microenvironmental (TME) factors. Thus, the research problem of TME modulation as well as efficient tumor treatment still needs to be clarified. METHOD In this study, a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoplatform was designed for ultrasound (US) and TME response-triggered, which encapsulated Ag2S and loaded with l-Arg, and further wrapped with RBC/Platelet membrane, named as QD@Ca/ML-Arg. RESULTS Non-invasive US-triggered SDT by Ag2S and acidic environment-responsive drug release were achieved. In vitro experiments validated the efficacy of SDT, Ca-ion interference and nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy as combined therapy for cancer treatment. By means of RNA sequencing, the cancer therapeutic mechanism of SDT in redox-related pathways was elucidated. The immunosuppressive TME was simulated with a M2-macrophage/cancer cell co-culture system to confirm the immune activating effect of immunogenic cell death (ICD). CONCLUSION Accordingly, the potential of QD@Ca/ML-Arg-was demonstrated for in vitro TME modulation, cancer therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine Beijing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guiping Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine Beijing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Junge Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine Beijing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine Beijing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine Beijing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine Beijing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Boxian Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine Beijing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine Beijing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Aboouf MA, Gorr TA, Hamdy NM, Gassmann M, Thiersch M. Myoglobin in Brown Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Player in Thermogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2240. [PMID: 37759463 PMCID: PMC10526770 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in energy homeostasis by generating heat from chemical energy via uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. Besides its high mitochondrial content and its exclusive expression of the uncoupling protein 1, another key feature of BAT is the high expression of myoglobin (MB), a heme-containing protein that typically binds oxygen, thereby facilitating the diffusion of the gas from cell membranes to mitochondria of muscle cells. In addition, MB also modulates nitric oxide (NO•) pools and can bind C16 and C18 fatty acids, which indicates a role in lipid metabolism. Recent studies in humans and mice implicated MB present in BAT in the regulation of lipid droplet morphology and fatty acid shuttling and composition, as well as mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. These functions suggest that MB plays an essential role in BAT energy metabolism and thermogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail the possible physiological roles played by MB in BAT thermogenesis along with the potential underlying molecular mechanisms and focus on the question of how BAT-MB expression is regulated and, in turn, how this globin regulates mitochondrial, lipid, and NO• metabolism. Finally, we present potential MB-mediated approaches to augment energy metabolism, which ultimately could help tackle different metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Thomas A. Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang Z, Jin A, Yang Z, Huang W. Advanced Nitric Oxide Generating Nanomedicine for Therapeutic Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8935-8965. [PMID: 37126728 PMCID: PMC10395262 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous transmitter extensively present in the human body, regulates vascular relaxation, immune response, inflammation, neurotransmission, and other crucial functions. Nitrite donors have been used clinically to treat angina, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and erectile dysfunction. Based on NO's vast biological functions, it further can treat tumors, bacteria/biofilms and other infections, wound healing, eye diseases, and osteoporosis. However, delivering NO is challenging due to uncontrolled blood circulation release and a half-life of under five seconds. With advanced biotechnology and the development of nanomedicine, NO donors packaged with multifunctional nanocarriers by physically embedding or chemically conjugating have been reported to show improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Herein, we review and discuss recent applications of NO nanomedicines, their therapeutic mechanisms, and the challenges of NO nanomedicines for future scientific studies and clinical applications. As NO enables the inhibition of the replication of DNA and RNA in infectious microbes, including COVID-19 coronaviruses and malaria parasites, we highlight the potential of NO nanomedicines for antipandemic efforts. This review aims to provide deep insights and practical hints into design strategies and applications of NO nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Albert Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
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Chang M, Wang M, Liu Y, Liu M, Kheraif AAA, Ma P, Zhao Y, Lin J. Dendritic Plasmonic CuPt Alloys for Closed-Loop Multimode Cancer Therapy with Remarkably Enhanced Efficacy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206423. [PMID: 36567272 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of laser-triggered plasmons-induced phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is significantly limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in response to heat stress. Mitochondria, the biological battery of cells, can serve as an important breakthrough to overcome these obstacles. Herein, dendritic triangular pyramidal plasmonic CuPt alloys loaded with heat-sensitive NO donor N, N'-di-sec-butyl-N, N'-dinitroso-1,4-phenylenediamine (BNN) is developed. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, plasmonic CuPt can generate superoxide anion free radicals (·O2 - ) and heat simultaneously. The heat generated can then trigger the release of NO gas, which not only enables gas therapy but also damages the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Impaired mitochondrial respiration leads to reduced oxygen consumption and insufficient intracellular ATP supply, which effectively alleviates tumor hypoxia and undermines the synthesis of HSPs, in turn boosting plasmonic CuPt-based PDT and mild PTT. Additionally, the generated NO and ·O2 - can react to form more cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO- ). This work describes a plasmonic CuPt@BNN (CPB) triggered closed-loop NO gas, free radicals, and mild photothermal therapy strategy that is highly effective at reciprocally promoting antitumor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Man Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Abdulaziz A Al Kheraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ping'an Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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Proteomic Assessment of C57BL/6 Hippocampi after Non-Selective Pharmacological Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity: Implications of Seizure-like Neuronal Hyperexcitability Followed by Tauopathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081772. [PMID: 35892672 PMCID: PMC9331517 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous signaling molecule responsible for maintaining homeostasis in a myriad of tissues and molecular pathways in neurology and the cardiovasculature. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the potential interaction between arterial stiffness (AS), an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and neurodegenerative syndromes given increasingly epidemiological study reports. For this reason, we previously investigated the mechanistic convergence between AS and neurodegeneration via the progressive non-selective inhibition of all nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in C57BL/6 mice. Our previous results showed progressively increased AS in vivo and impaired visuospatial learning and memory in L-NAME-treated C57BL/6 mice. In the current study, we sought to further investigate the progressive molecular signatures in hippocampal tissue via LC–MS/MS proteomic analysis. Our data implicate mitochondrial dysfunction due to progressive L-NAME treatment. Two weeks of L-NAME treatment implicates altered G-protein-coupled-receptor signaling in the nerve synapse and associated presence of seizures and altered emotional behavior. Furthermore, molecular signatures implicate the cerebral presence of seizure-related hyperexcitability after short-term (8 weeks) treatment followed by ribosomal dysfunction and tauopathy after long-term (16 weeks) treatment.
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Liu S, Li W, Chen H, Zhou J, Dong S, Zang P, Tian B, Ding H, Gai S, Yang P, Zhao Y. On-Demand Generation of Peroxynitrite from an Integrated Two-Dimensional System for Enhanced Tumor Therapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8939-8953. [PMID: 35666853 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanosystem-mediated tumor radiosensitization strategy combining the features of X-ray with infinite penetration depth and high atomic number elements shows considerable application potential in clinical cancer therapy. However, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory anticancer efficacy using clinical radiotherapy for the majority of solid tumors due to the restrictions brought about by the tumor hypoxia, insufficient DNA damage, and rapid DNA repair during and after treatment. Inspired by the complementary advantages of nitric oxide (NO) and X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy, we herein report a two-dimensional nanoplatform by the integration of the NO donor-modified LiYF4:Ce scintillator and graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for on-demand generation of highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO-). By simply adjusting the Ce3+ doping content, the obtained nanoscintillator can realize high radioluminescence, activating photosensitive materials to simultaneously generate NO and superoxide radical for the formation of ONOO- in the tumor. Obtained ONOO- effectively amplifies therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy by directly inducing mitochondrial and DNA damage, overcoming hypoxia-associated radiation resistance. The level of glutamine synthetase (GS) is downregulated by ONOO-, and the inhibition of GS delays DNA damage repair, further enhancing radiosensitivity. This work establishes a combinatorial strategy of ONOO- to overcome the major limitations of radiotherapy and provides insightful guidance to clinical radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hengxing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Boshi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - He Ding
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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Wan Y, Fu LH, Li C, Lin J, Huang P. Conquering the Hypoxia Limitation for Photodynamic Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103978. [PMID: 34580926 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused great research interest in recent years owing to its high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However, due to the hypoxic nature characteristic of many solid tumors, PDT is frequently limited in therapeutic effect. Moreover, the consumption of O2 during PDT may further aggravate the tumor hypoxic condition, which promotes tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion resulting in poor prognosis of treatment. Therefore, numerous efforts have been made to increase the O2 content in tumor with the goal of enhancing PDT efficacy. Herein, these strategies developed in past decade are comprehensively reviewed to alleviate tumor hypoxia, including 1) delivering exogenous O2 to tumor directly, 2) generating O2 in situ, 3) reducing tumor cellular O2 consumption by inhibiting respiration, 4) regulating the TME, (e.g., normalizing tumor vasculature or disrupting tumor extracellular matrix), and 5) inhibiting the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway to relieve tumor hypoxia. Additionally, the O2 -independent Type-I PDT is also discussed as an alternative strategy. By reviewing recent progress, it is hoped that this review will provide innovative perspectives in new nanomaterials designed to combat hypoxia and avoid the associated limitation of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wan
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lian-Hua Fu
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Pourtaji A, Sahebkar A, Poorzand H, Moshiri M, Mohammadpour AH, Mousavi SR. Evaluation of the Cardioprotective Effect of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:589-601. [PMID: 33092501 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201022112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO), which is well known as silent killer, has many toxic effects on organs with high rate of metabolism such as heart and brain. CO-induced cardiotoxicity resulted in a wide range of disabilities including electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, elevation in level of cardiac enzymes, arrhythmias, impairment of left ventricular and myocardial infarction (MI). Cardio-protective effects of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on infarcted heart was proved previously in various reports. OBJECTIVE In this study, possible effect of G-CSF on cardiac function of patients with moderate to severe acute CO poisoning was investigated. METHODS Cardioprotective effects of G-CSF in CO-poisoned patients was evaluated through ECG, Holter monitoring, echocardiography, and biochemical studies. Continuous intravenous infusion of G-CSF (90 μg/kg) and normal saline were administered respectively to treatment and placebo groups. RESULTS The results demonstrated that in moderate to severe CO poisoning, myocardial injury is common. ECG changes (e.g., ST-segment and T-wave changes, QTC), cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., heart blocks and ventricular arrhythmias), serum level of Troponin I, left ventricular ejection fraction were determined after G-CSF administration. Frequencies of ST depression, inversion or flatting of T wave and QTC in ECG were significantly reduced after G-CSF treatment. In addition, incidence of cardiac arrhythmias due to CO poisoning were reduced after G-CSF treatment. However, G-CSF did not exert protective effects on TPI level and function of left ventricular in CO-poisoned patients. CONCLUSION GCSF could probably reduce CO-induced cardiac ischemia in patients with acute CO poisoning. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) registry (Irct ID: IRCT201607232083N7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Pourtaji
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoorak Poorzand
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Palczewski MB, Kuschman HP, Bovee R, Hickok JR, Thomas DD. Vorinostat exhibits anticancer effects in triple-negative breast cancer cells by preventing nitric oxide-driven histone deacetylation. Biol Chem 2021; 402:501-512. [PMID: 33938179 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) that produce nitric oxide (NO) are more aggressive, and the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is a negative prognostic indicator. In these studies, we set out to investigate potential therapeutic strategies to counter the tumor-permissive properties of NO. We found that exposure to NO increased proliferation of TNBC cells and that treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) prevented this proliferation. When histone acetylation was measured in response to NO and/or SAHA, NO significantly decreased acetylation on histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac) and SAHA increased H3K9ac. If NO and SAHA were sequentially administered to cells (in either order), an increase in acetylation was observed in all cases. Mechanistic studies suggest that the "deacetylase" activity of NO does not involve S-nitrosothiols or soluble guanylyl cyclase activation. The observed decrease in histone acetylation by NO required the interaction of NO with cellular iron pools and may be an overriding effect of NO-mediated increases in histone methylation at the same lysine residues. Our data revealed a novel pathway interaction of Vorinostat and provides new insight in therapeutic strategy for aggressive TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne B Palczewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Hannah Petraitis Kuschman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Rhea Bovee
- DePaul University, 1 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604, USA
| | - Jason R Hickok
- IRBM S.p.A., IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina Km. 30.600, I-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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13
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A hybrid semiconducting organosilica-based O 2 nanoeconomizer for on-demand synergistic photothermally boosted radiotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:523. [PMID: 33483518 PMCID: PMC7822893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of radiotherapy is significantly restricted by tumor hypoxia. To overcome this obstacle, one prevalent solution is to increase intratumoral oxygen supply. However, its effectiveness is often limited by the high metabolic demand for O2 by cancer cells. Herein, we develop a hybrid semiconducting organosilica-based O2 nanoeconomizer pHPFON-NO/O2 to combat tumor hypoxia. Our solution is twofold: first, the pHPFON-NO/O2 interacts with the acidic tumor microenvironment to release NO for endogenous O2 conservation; second, it releases O2 in response to mild photothermal effect to enable exogenous O2 infusion. Additionally, the photothermal effect can be increased to eradicate tumor residues with radioresistant properties due to other factors. This “reducing expenditure of O2 and broadening sources” strategy significantly alleviates tumor hypoxia in multiple ways, greatly enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrates the synergy between on-demand temperature-controlled photothermal and oxygen-elevated radiotherapy for complete tumor response. Tumor hypoxia is a major limitation in radiotherapy, and strategies to address this often fail due to high oxygen consumption. Here, the authors report a nanomaterial assembly for the simultaneous reduction in mitochondrial respiration and to supply oxygen to potentiate radiotherapy.
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14
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Xiang Q, Qiao B, Luo Y, Cao J, Fan K, Hu X, Hao L, Cao Y, Zhang Q, Wang Z. Increased photodynamic therapy sensitization in tumors using a nitric oxide-based nanoplatform with ATP-production blocking capability. Theranostics 2021; 11:1953-1969. [PMID: 33408791 PMCID: PMC7778583 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy in cancer cells is affected by sub-physiological hypoxia caused by dysregulated and “chaotic” tumor microvasculature. However, current traditional O2-replenishing strategies are undergoing their own intrinsic deficiencies. In addition, resistance mechanisms activated during PDT also lead the present situation far from satisfactory. Methods: We propose a nitric oxide (NO)-based theranostic nanoplatform by using biocompatible poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) as carriers, in which the outer polymeric layer embeds chlorin e6 (Ce6) and incorporates L-Arginine (L-Arg). This nanoplatform (L-Arg@Ce6@P NPs) can reduce hyperactive O2 metabolism of tumor cells by NO-mediated mitochondrial respiration inhibition, which should raise endogenous O2 tension to counteract hypoxia. Furthermore, NO can also hinder oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) which should cause intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, inhibiting tumor cells proliferation and turning cells more sensitive to PDT. Results: When the L-Arg@Ce6@P NPs accumulate in solid tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, locally released L-Arg is oxidized by the abundant H2O2 to produce NO. In vitro experiments suggest that NO can retard hypoactive O2 metabolism and save intracellular O2 for enhancing PDT efficacy under NIR light irradiation. Also, lower intracellular ATP hinders proliferation of DNA, improving PDT sensitization. PDT phototherapeutic efficacy increased by combining these two complementary strategies in vitro/in vivo. Conclusion: We show that this NO-based nanoplatform can be potentially used to alleviate hypoxia and sensitize tumor cells to amplify the efficacy of phototherapy guided by photoacoustic (PA) imaging.
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15
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Zang J, Huo Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen H. Maize YSL2 is required for iron distribution and development in kernels. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5896-5910. [PMID: 32687576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient and plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth and development. Although its uptake and translocation are important biological processes, little is known about the molecular mechanism of Fe translocation within seed. Here, we characterized a novel small kernel mutant yellow stripe like 2 (ysl2) in maize (Zea mays). ZmYSL2 was predominantly expressed in developing endosperm and was found to encode a plasma membrane-localized metal-nicotianamine (NA) transporter ZmYSL2. Analysis of transporter activity revealed ZmYSL2-mediated Fe transport from endosperm to embryo during kernel development. Dysfunction of ZmYSL2 resulted in the imbalance of Fe homeostasis and abnormality of protein accumulation and starch deposition in the kernel. Significant changes of nitric oxide accumulation, mitochondrial Fe-S cluster content, and mitochondrial morphology indicated that the proper function of mitochondria was also affected in ysl2. Collectively, our study demonstrated that ZmYSL2 had a pivotal role in mediating Fe distribution within the kernel and kernel development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huairen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Rose JJ, Bocian KA, Xu Q, Wang L, DeMartino AW, Chen X, Corey CG, Guimarães DA, Azarov I, Huang XN, Tong Q, Guo L, Nouraie M, McTiernan CF, O'Donnell CP, Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. A neuroglobin-based high-affinity ligand trap reverses carbon monoxide-induced mitochondrial poisoning. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6357-6371. [PMID: 32205448 PMCID: PMC7212636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) remains the most common cause of human poisoning. The consequences of CO poisoning include cardiac dysfunction, brain injury, and death. CO causes toxicity by binding to hemoglobin and by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), thereby decreasing oxygen delivery and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. We have recently developed a CO antidote based on human neuroglobin (Ngb-H64Q-CCC). This molecule enhances clearance of CO from red blood cells in vitro and in vivo Herein, we tested whether Ngb-H64Q-CCC can also scavenge CO from CcO and attenuate CO-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Heart tissue from mice exposed to 3% CO exhibited a 42 ± 19% reduction in tissue respiration rate and a 33 ± 38% reduction in CcO activity compared with unexposed mice. Intravenous infusion of Ngb-H64Q-CCC restored respiration rates to that of control mice correlating with higher electron transport chain CcO activity in Ngb-H64Q-CCC-treated compared with PBS-treated, CO-poisoned mice. Further, using a Clark-type oxygen electrode, we measured isolated rat liver mitochondrial respiration in the presence and absence of saturating solutions of CO (160 μm) and nitric oxide (100 μm). Both CO and NO inhibited respiration, and treatment with Ngb-H64Q-CCC (100 and 50 μm, respectively) significantly reversed this inhibition. These results suggest that Ngb-H64Q-CCC mitigates CO toxicity by scavenging CO from carboxyhemoglobin, improving systemic oxygen delivery and reversing the inhibitory effects of CO on mitochondria. We conclude that Ngb-H64Q-CCC or other CO scavengers demonstrate potential as antidotes that reverse the clinical and molecular effects of CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Kaitlin A Bocian
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Catherine G Corey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Danielle A Guimarães
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ivan Azarov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Xueyin N Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Qin Tong
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Lanping Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Charles F McTiernan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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17
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Stefano GB, Esch T, Kream RM. Behaviorally-Mediated Entrainment of Whole-Body Metabolic Processes: Conservation and Evolutionary Development of Mitochondrial Respiratory Complexes. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9306-9309. [PMID: 31809494 PMCID: PMC6911308 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation response derives its health benefits by reestablishing “normal” equilibria between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Recent work suggests that this behavioral training provides positive effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics, insulin secretion, and reductions in pro-inflammatory and stress-related pathways. We have previously contended, however, that correlative associations of relaxation training with positive changes in gene expression in selected biological systems are strongly suggestive of adaptive physiological changes, but do not elucidate an underlying, clinically compelling, unified mechanism of action consistent with its purported positive health effects. We surmise that any plausible model of behaviorally-mediated regulatory effects on whole-body metabolic processes must be intrinsically broad-based and multifaceted via integration of differential contributions of functionally interactive peripheral and CNS organ systems. Accordingly, the initiation of multiple cellular protective/anti-bio-senescence processes may have emerged during evolutionary development to ensure the survival of hybrid prokaryotic/eukaryotic progenitor cells, given the evolvement of oxidative metabolism and its associated negative byproducts. As an essential corollary, preservation and adaptation of multifaceted regulatory molecules, notably nitric oxide, paralleled the development of eukaryotic cell types via multifaceted stereo-selective recognition and conformational matching by complex biochemical and molecular enzyme systems. Hence, the relaxation response may be a manifestation of a metabolic corrective process/response, that may now include cognition (“awareness”).
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Affiliation(s)
- George B Stefano
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Esch
- University Clinic for Integrative Health Care, Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Richard M Kream
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Gerber L, Clow KA, Katan T, Emam M, Leeuwis RHJ, Parrish CC, Gamperl AK. Cardiac mitochondrial function, nitric oxide sensitivity and lipid composition following hypoxia acclimation in sablefish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.208074. [PMID: 31645375 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.208074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In fishes, the effect of O2 limitation on cardiac mitochondrial function remains largely unexplored. The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) encounters considerable variations in environmental oxygen availability, and is an interesting model for studying the effects of hypoxia on fish cardiorespiratory function. We investigated how in vivo hypoxia acclimation (6 months at 40% then 3 weeks at 20% air saturation) and in vitro anoxia-reoxygenation affected sablefish cardiac mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release rates using high-resolution fluorespirometry. Further, we investigated how hypoxia acclimation affected the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to nitric oxide (NO), and compared mitochondrial lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition between groups. Hypoxia acclimation did not alter mitochondrial coupled or uncoupled respiration, or respiratory control ratio, ROS release rates, P 50 or superoxide dismutase activity. However, it increased citrate synthase activity (by ∼20%), increased the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to NO inhibition (i.e., the NO IC50 was 25% lower), and enhanced the recovery of respiration (by 21%) and reduced ROS release rates (by 25-30%) post-anoxia. In addition, hypoxia acclimation altered mitochondrial FA composition [increasing arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) proportions by 11 and 14%, respectively], and SIMPER analysis revealed that the phospholipid:sterol ratio was the largest contributor (24%) to the dissimilarity between treatments. Overall, these results suggest that hypoxia acclimation may protect sablefish cardiac bioenergetic function during or after periods of O2 limitation, and that this may be related to alterations in mitochondrial sensitivity to NO and to adaptive changes in membrane composition (fluidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gerber
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Kathy A Clow
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Robine H J Leeuwis
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Anthony K Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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19
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Winnica D, Corey C, Mullett S, Reynolds M, Hill G, Wendell S, Que L, Holguin F, Shiva S. Bioenergetic Differences in the Airway Epithelium of Lean Versus Obese Asthmatics Are Driven by Nitric Oxide and Reflected in Circulating Platelets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:673-686. [PMID: 30608004 PMCID: PMC6708272 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Asthma, characterized by airway obstruction and hyper-responsiveness, is more severe and less responsive to treatment in obese subjects. While alterations in mitochondrial function and redox signaling have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis, it is unclear whether these mechanisms differ in lean versus obese asthmatics. In addition, we previously demonstrated that circulating platelets from asthmatic individuals have altered bioenergetics; however, it is unknown whether platelet mitochondrial changes reflect those observed in airway epithelial cells. Herein we hypothesized that lean and obese asthmatics show differential bioenergetics and redox signaling in airway cells and that these alterations could be measured in platelets from the same individual. Results: Using freshly isolated bronchial airway epithelial cells and platelets from lean and obese asthmatics and healthy individuals, we show that both cell types from obese asthmatics have significantly increased glycolysis, basal and maximal respiration, and oxidative stress compared with lean asthmatics and healthy controls. This increased respiration was associated with enhanced arginine metabolism by arginase, which has previously been shown to drive respiration. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also upregulated in cells from all asthmatics. However, due to nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in obese asthmatics, overall nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was decreased, preventing NO-dependent inhibition in obese asthmatic cells that was observed in lean asthmatics. Innovation and Conclusion: These data demonstrate bioenergetic differences between lean and obese asthmatics that are, in part, due to differences in NO signaling. They also suggest that the platelet may serve as a useful surrogate to understand redox, oxidative stress and bioenergetic changes in the asthmatic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Winnica
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine Corey
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Mullett
- Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Reynolds
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabrielle Hill
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacy Wendell
- Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Loretta Que
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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20
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Bouska M, Huang K, Kang P, Bai H. Organelle aging: Lessons from model organisms. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:171-185. [PMID: 31080045 PMCID: PMC6553499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most cellular processes descend into failure during aging. While a large collection of longevity pathways has been identified in the past decades, the mechanism for age-related decline of cellular homeostasis and organelle function remains largely unsolved. It is known that many organelles undergo structural and functional changes during normal aging, which significantly contributes to the decline of tissue function at old ages. Since recent studies have revealed an emerging role of organelles as regulatory hubs in maintaining cellular homeostasis, understanding of organelle aging will provide important insights into the cellular basis of organismal aging. Here we review current progress on the characterization of age-dependent structural and functional alterations in the more well-studied organelles, as well as the known mechanisms governing organelle aging in model organisms, with a special focus on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bouska
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Kerui Huang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ping Kang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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21
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Möller MN, Denicola A. Acceleration of the autoxidation of nitric oxide by proteins. Nitric Oxide 2019; 85:28-34. [PMID: 30710694 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins and lipid membranes accelerate •NO autoxidation by increasing local concentration of •NO and O2. Although the idea that proteins could also accelerate this reaction was presented some time ago, it was largely criticized and dismissed. Herein the effect of proteins on •NO autoxidation rates was studied following •NO disappearance with a selective electrode. It was found that human serum albumin (HSA) accelerated •NO autoxidation by a factor of 9 per g/mL of protein, much less than previously suggested. The acceleration by HSA was sensitive to pH and significantly decreased at pH lower than 4.5 coincident with the acid structure transition of HSA to a partially unfolded and rigid conformation. Other proteins with different surface hydrophobicity also accelerated •NO autoxidation and it was found to depend mostly on the protein size and dynamics. Mathematical simulations were performed to assess the physiological importance of this acceleration. It was calculated that in plasma the autoxidation of •NO is accelerated 1.38 times by HSA relative to water alone, but this becomes of little relevance when whole blood is simulated because of the rapid rate of •NO consumption by red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías N Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Igua 4225, CP11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Igua 4225, CP11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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22
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Yu W, Liu T, Zhang M, Wang Z, Ye J, Li CX, Liu W, Li R, Feng J, Zhang XZ. O 2 Economizer for Inhibiting Cell Respiration To Combat the Hypoxia Obstacle in Tumor Treatments. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1784-1794. [PMID: 30698953 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a ubiquitously aberrant phenomenon implicated in tumor growth, causes severe tumor resistance to therapeutic interventions. Instead of the currently prevalent solution through intratumoral oxygen supply, we put forward an "O2-economizer" concept by inhibiting the O2 consumption of cell respiration to spare endogenous O2 and overcome the hypoxia barrier. A nitric oxide (NO) donor responsible for respiration inhibition and a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) are co-loaded into poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) nanovesicles to provide a PDT-specific O2 economizer. Once accumulating in tumors and subsequently responding to the locally reductive environment, the carried NO donor undergoes breakdown to produce NO for inhibiting cellular respiration, allowing more O2 in tumor cells to support the profound enhancement of PDT. Depending on the biochemical reallocation of cellular oxygen resource, this O2-economizer concept offers a way to address the important issue of hypoxia-induced tumor resistance to therapeutic interventions, including but not limited to PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Mingkang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Jingjie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Chu-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Runqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , PR China
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Stefano GB, Esch T, Kream RM. Augmentation of Whole-Body Metabolic Status by Mind-Body Training: Synchronous Integration of Tissue- and Organ-Specific Mitochondrial Function. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2019; 25:8-14. [PMID: 30631032 PMCID: PMC6505060 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.913264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our concise review is to elaborate an evidence-based integrative medicine model that incorporates functional linkages of key aspects of cortically-driven mind-body training procedures to biochemical and molecular processes driving enhanced cellular bioenergetics and whole-body metabolic advantage. This entails the adoption of a unified biological systems approach to selectively elucidate basic biochemical and molecular events responsible for achieving physiological relaxation of complex cellular structures. We provide accumulated evidence in support of the potential synergy of voluntary breathing exercises in combination with meditation and/or complementary cognitive tasks to promote medically beneficial enhancements in whole-body relaxation, anti-stress mechanisms, and restorative sleep. Accordingly, we propose that the widespread metabolic and physiological advantages emanating from a sustained series of complementary mind-body exercises will ultimately engender enhanced functional integration of cortical and limbic areas controlling voluntary respiratory processes with autonomic brainstem neural pattern generators. Finally, a unified mechanism is proposed that links behaviorally-mediated enhancements of whole-body metabolic advantage to optimization of synchronous regulation of mitochondrial oxygen utilization via recycling of nitrite and nitric oxide by iron-sulfur centers of coupled respiratory complexes and nitrite reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George B Stefano
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Esch
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Institute for Integrative Health Care, Witten, Germany
| | - Richard M Kream
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mahinthichaichan P, Gennis RB, Tajkhorshid E. Bacterial denitrifying nitric oxide reductases and aerobic respiratory terminal oxidases use similar delivery pathways for their molecular substrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:712-724. [PMID: 29883591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The superfamily of heme‑copper oxidoreductases (HCOs) include both NO and O2 reductases. Nitric oxide reductases (NORs) are bacterial membrane enzymes that catalyze an intermediate step of denitrification by reducing nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N2O). They are structurally similar to heme‑copper oxygen reductases (HCOs), which reduce O2 to water. The experimentally observed apparent bimolecular rate constant of NO delivery to the deeply buried catalytic site of NORs was previously reported to approach the diffusion-controlled limit (108-109 M-1 s-1). Using the crystal structure of cytochrome-c dependent NOR (cNOR) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we employed several protocols of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, which include flooding simulations of NO molecules, implicit ligand sampling and umbrella sampling simulations, to elucidate how NO in solution accesses the catalytic site of this cNOR. The results show that NO partitions into the membrane, enters the enzyme from the lipid bilayer and diffuses to the catalytic site via a hydrophobic tunnel that is resolved in the crystal structures. This is similar to what has been found for O2 diffusion through the closely related O2 reductases. The apparent second order rate constant approximated using the simulation data is ~5 × 108 M-1 s-1, which is optimized by the dynamics of the amino acid side chains lining in the tunnel. It is concluded that both NO and O2 reductases utilize well defined hydrophobic tunnels to assure that substrate diffusion to the buried catalytic sites is not rate limiting under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paween Mahinthichaichan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert B Gennis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, 179 Looomis, MC-704, 1110 Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, 179 Looomis, MC-704, 1110 Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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25
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The role of nutrients in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine headaches: Review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:317-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Atamna H, Tenore A, Lui F, Dhahbi JM. Organ reserve, excess metabolic capacity, and aging. Biogerontology 2018; 19:171-184. [PMID: 29335816 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
"Organ reserve" refers to the ability of an organ to successfully return to its original physiological state following repeated episodes of stress. Clinical evidence shows that organ reserve correlates with the ability of older adults to cope with an added workload or stress, suggesting a role in the process of aging. Although organ reserve is well documented clinically, it is not clearly defined at the molecular level. Interestingly, several metabolic pathways exhibit excess metabolic capacities (e.g., bioenergetics pathway, antioxidants system, plasticity). These pathways comprise molecular components that have an excess of quantity and/or activity than that required for basic physiological demand in vivo (e.g., mitochondrial complex IV or glycolytic enzymes). We propose that the excess in mtDNA copy number and tandem DNA repeats of telomeres are additional examples of intrinsically embedded structural components that could comprise excess capacity. These excess capacities may grant intermediary metabolism the ability to instantly cope with, or manage, added workload or stress. Therefore, excess metabolic capacities could be viewed as an innate mechanism of adaptability that substantiates organ reserve and contributes to the cellular defense systems. If metabolic excess capacities or organ reserves are impaired or exhausted, the ability of the cell to cope with stress is reduced. Under these circumstances cell senescence, transformation, or death occurs. In this review, we discuss excess metabolic and structural capacities as integrated metabolic pathways in relation to organ reserve and cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Atamna
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 217 E Club Center Dr. Suite A, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA.
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
| | - Alfred Tenore
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 217 E Club Center Dr. Suite A, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Forshing Lui
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 217 E Club Center Dr. Suite A, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Dhahbi
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 217 E Club Center Dr. Suite A, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
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Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone (MitoQ) enhances acetaldehyde clearance by reversing alcohol-induced posttranslational modification of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: A molecular mechanism of protection against alcoholic liver disease. Redox Biol 2017; 14:626-636. [PMID: 29156373 PMCID: PMC5700831 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol metabolism in the liver generates highly toxic acetaldehyde. Breakdown of acetaldehyde by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in the mitochondria consumes NAD+ and generates reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which represents a fundamental mechanism in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). A mitochondria-targeted lipophilic ubiquinone (MitoQ) has been shown to confer greater protection against oxidative damage in the mitochondria compared to untargeted antioxidants. The present study aimed to investigate if MitoQ could preserve mitochondrial ALDH2 activity and speed up acetaldehyde clearance, thereby protects against ALD. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to alcohol for 8 weeks with MitoQ supplementation (5 mg/kg/d) for the last 4 weeks. MitoQ ameliorated alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and glutathione deficiency. It also reversed alcohol-reduced hepatic ALDH activity and accelerated acetaldehyde clearance through modulating ALDH2 cysteine S-nitrosylation, tyrosine nitration and 4-hydroxynonenol adducts formation. MitoQ ameliorated nitric oxide (NO) donor-mediated ADLH2 S-nitrosylation and nitration in Hepa-1c1c7 cells under glutathion depletion condition. In addition, alcohol-increased circulating acetaldehyde levels were accompanied by reduced intestinal ALDH activity and impaired intestinal barrier. In accordance, MitoQ reversed alcohol-increased plasma endotoxin levels and hepatic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB signaling along with subsequent inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration. MitoQ also reversed alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation through enhancing fatty acid β-oxidation. Alcohol-induced ER stress and apoptotic cell death signaling were reversed by MitoQ. This study demonstrated that speeding up acetaldehyde clearance by preserving ALDH2 activity critically mediates the beneficial effect of MitoQ on alcohol-induced pathogenesis at the gut-liver axis. PTMs of ALDH2 participated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. MitoQ treatment accelerated acetaldehyde detoxification. MitoQ ameliorated acetaldehyde-related tight junction disruption. MitoQ reversed TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in alcoholic liver disease. MitoQ counteracts alcohol-induced ER stress and cell apoptosis.
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28
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Phadke R. Myopathology of Adult and Paediatric Mitochondrial Diseases. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070064. [PMID: 28677615 PMCID: PMC5532572 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles ubiquitously present in nucleated eukaryotic cells, subserving multiple metabolic functions, including cellular ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The OXPHOS machinery comprises five transmembrane respiratory chain enzyme complexes (RC). Defective OXPHOS gives rise to mitochondrial diseases (mtD). The incredible phenotypic and genetic diversity of mtD can be attributed at least in part to the RC dual genetic control (nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)) and the complex interaction between the two genomes. Despite the increasing use of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) and various omics platforms in unravelling novel mtD genes and pathomechanisms, current clinical practice for investigating mtD essentially involves a multipronged approach including clinical assessment, metabolic screening, imaging, pathological, biochemical and functional testing to guide molecular genetic analysis. This review addresses the broad muscle pathology landscape including genotype–phenotype correlations in adult and paediatric mtD, the role of immunodiagnostics in understanding some of the pathomechanisms underpinning the canonical features of mtD, and recent diagnostic advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Phadke
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
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29
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Rose JJ, Wang L, Xu Q, McTiernan CF, Shiva S, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Pathogenesis, Management, and Future Directions of Therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:596-606. [PMID: 27753502 PMCID: PMC5363978 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1275ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning affects 50,000 people a year in the United States. The clinical presentation runs a spectrum, ranging from headache and dizziness to coma and death, with a mortality rate ranging from 1 to 3%. A significant number of patients who survive CO poisoning suffer from long-term neurological and affective sequelae. The neurologic deficits do not necessarily correlate with blood CO levels but likely result from the pleiotropic effects of CO on cellular mitochondrial respiration, cellular energy utilization, inflammation, and free radical generation, especially in the brain and heart. Long-term neurocognitive deficits occur in 15-40% of patients, whereas approximately one-third of moderate to severely poisoned patients exhibit cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmia, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and myocardial infarction. Imaging studies reveal cerebral white matter hyperintensities, with delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy or diffuse brain atrophy. Management of these patients requires the identification of accompanying drug ingestions, especially in the setting of intentional poisoning, fire-related toxic gas exposures, and inhalational injuries. Conventional therapy is limited to normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen, with no available antidotal therapy. Although hyperbaric oxygen significantly reduces the permanent neurological and affective effects of CO poisoning, a portion of survivors still have substantial morbidity. There has been some early success in therapies targeting the downstream inflammatory and oxidative effects of CO poisoning. New methods to directly target the toxic effect of CO, such as CO scavenging agents, are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Rose
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Ling Wang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
| | | | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical, and
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesus Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine
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30
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Mayne CG, Arcario MJ, Mahinthichaichan P, Baylon JL, Vermaas JV, Navidpour L, Wen PC, Thangapandian S, Tajkhorshid E. The cellular membrane as a mediator for small molecule interaction with membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1858:2290-2304. [PMID: 27163493 PMCID: PMC4983535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cellular membrane constitutes the first element that encounters a wide variety of molecular species to which a cell might be exposed. Hosting a large number of structurally and functionally diverse proteins associated with this key metabolic compartment, the membrane not only directly controls the traffic of various molecules in and out of the cell, it also participates in such diverse and important processes as signal transduction and chemical processing of incoming molecular species. In this article, we present a number of cases where details of interaction of small molecular species such as drugs with the membrane, which are often experimentally inaccessible, have been studied using advanced molecular simulation techniques. We have selected systems in which partitioning of the small molecule with the membrane constitutes a key step for its final biological function, often binding to and interacting with a protein associated with the membrane. These examples demonstrate that membrane partitioning is not only important for the overall distribution of drugs and other small molecules into different compartments of the body, it may also play a key role in determining the efficiency and the mode of interaction of the drug with its target protein. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Mark J Arcario
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Paween Mahinthichaichan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Javier L Baylon
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Josh V Vermaas
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Latifeh Navidpour
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Po-Chao Wen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Sundarapandian Thangapandian
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
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31
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Postprandial lipids accelerate and redirect nitric oxide consumption in plasma. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:70-81. [PMID: 27021272 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and O2 are both three-to four-fold more soluble in biological lipids than in aqueous solutions. Their higher concentration within plasma lipids accelerates NO autoxidation to an extent that may be of importance to overall NO bioactivity. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that increased plasma lipids after a high-fat meal appreciably accelerate NO metabolism and alter the byproducts formed. We found that plasma collected from subjects after consumption of a single high-fat meal had a higher capacity for NO consumption and consumed NO more rapidly compared to fasting plasma. This increased NO consumption showed a direct correlation with plasma triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.006). The accelerated NO consumption in postprandial plasma was reversed by removal of the lipids from the plasma, was mimicked by the addition of hydrophobic micelles to aqueous buffer, and could not be explained by the presence of either free hemoglobin or ceruloplasmin. The products of NO consumption were shifted in postprandial plasma, with 55% more nitrite (n = 12, p = 0.002) but 50% less SNO (n = 12, p = 0.03) production compared to matched fasted plasma. Modeling calculations indicated that NO autoxidation was accelerated by about 48-fold in the presence of plasma lipids. We conclude that postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins exert a significant influence on NO metabolism in plasma.
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32
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Prior KK, Wittig I, Leisegang MS, Groenendyk J, Weissmann N, Michalak M, Jansen-Dürr P, Shah AM, Brandes RP. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone Calnexin Is a NADPH Oxidase NOX4 Interacting Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7045-59. [PMID: 26861875 PMCID: PMC4807287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the family of NADPH oxidases, NOX4 is unique as it is predominantly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, has constitutive activity, and generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We hypothesize that these features are consequences of a so far unidentified NOX4-interacting protein. Two-dimensional blue native (BN) electrophorese combined with SDS-PAGE yielded NOX4 to reside in macromolecular complexes. Interacting proteins were screened by quantitative SILAC (stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture) co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) in HEK293 cells stably overexpressing NOX4. By this technique, several interacting proteins were identified with calnexin showing the most robust interaction. Calnexin also resided in NOX4-containing complexes as demonstrated by complexome profiling from BN-PAGE. The calnexin NOX4 interaction could be confirmed by reverse Co-IP and proximity ligation assay, whereas NOX1, NOX2, or NOX5 did not interact with calnexin. Calnexin deficiency as studied in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from calnexin−/− mice or in response to calnexin shRNA reduced cellular NOX4 protein expression and reactive oxygen species formation. Our results suggest that endogenous NOX4 forms macromolecular complexes with calnexin, which are needed for the proper maturation, processing, and function of NOX4 in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Kristin Prior
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Germany, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany the Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, the Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes," Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Germany, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jody Groenendyk
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 60590 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marek Michalak
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- the Institute for Biomedical Ageing Research and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Insbruk, Austria
| | - Ajay M Shah
- the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Germany, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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33
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de Lima Portella R, Lynn Bickta J, Shiva S. Nitrite Confers Preconditioning and Cytoprotection After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:307-27. [PMID: 26094636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitrite is now recognized as an intrinsic signaling molecule that mediates a number of biological processes. One of the most reproducible effects of nitrite is its ability to mediate cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This robust phenomenon has been reproduced by a number of investigators in varying animal models focusing on different target organs. Furthermore, nitrite's cytoprotective versatility is highlighted by its ability to mediate delayed preconditioning and remote conditioning in addition to acute protection. RECENT ADVANCES In the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. CRITICAL ISSUES The mitochondrion, which is essential to both the progression of I/R injury and the protection afforded by preconditioning, has emerged as a major subcellular target for nitrite. This review will outline the role of the mitochondrion in I/R injury and preconditioning, review the accumulated preclinical studies demonstrating nitrite-mediated cytoprotection, and finally focus on the known interactions of nitrite with mitochondria and their role in the mechanism of nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These studies set the stage for current clinical trials testing the efficacy of nitrite to prevent warm and cold I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janelle Lynn Bickta
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Xu W, Cardenes N, Corey C, Erzurum SC, Shiva S. Platelets from Asthmatic Individuals Show Less Reliance on Glycolysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132007. [PMID: 26147848 PMCID: PMC4492492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease, is typified by high levels of TH2-cytokines and excessive generation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, which contribute to bronchial epithelial injury and airway remodeling. While immune function plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease, accumulating evidence suggests that altered cellular metabolism is a key determinant in the predisposition and disease progression of asthma. Further, several studies demonstrate altered mitochondrial function in asthmatic airways and suggest that these changes may be systemic. However, it is unknown whether systemic metabolic changes can be detected in circulating cells in asthmatic patients. Platelets are easily accessible blood cells that are known to propagate airway inflammation in asthma. Here we perform a bioenergetic screen of platelets from asthmatic and healthy individuals and demonstrate that asthmatic platelets show a decreased reliance on glycolytic processes and have increased tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. These data demonstrate a systemic alteration in asthma and are consistent with prior reports suggesting that oxidative phosphorylation is more efficient asthmatic individuals. The implications for this potential metabolic shift will be discussed in the context of increased oxidative stress and hypoxic adaptation of asthmatic patients. Further, these data suggest that platelets are potentially a good model for the monitoring of bioenergetic changes in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Xu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nayra Cardenes
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catherine Corey
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Dept of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vermaas JV, Baylon JL, Arcario MJ, Muller MP, Wu Z, Pogorelov TV, Tajkhorshid E. Efficient Exploration of Membrane-Associated Phenomena at Atomic Resolution. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:563-82. [PMID: 25998378 PMCID: PMC4490090 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes constitute a critical component in all living cells. In addition to providing a conducive environment to a wide range of cellular processes, including transport and signaling, mounting evidence has established active participation of specific lipids in modulating membrane protein function through various mechanisms. Understanding lipid-protein interactions underlying these mechanisms at a sufficiently high resolution has proven extremely challenging, partly due to the semi-fluid nature of the membrane. In order to address this challenge computationally, multiple methods have been developed, including an alternative membrane representation termed highly mobile membrane mimetic (HMMM) in which lateral lipid diffusion has been significantly enhanced without compromising atomic details. The model allows for efficient sampling of lipid-protein interactions at atomic resolution, thereby significantly enhancing the effectiveness of molecular dynamics simulations in capturing membrane-associated phenomena. In this review, after providing an overview of HMMM model development, we will describe briefly successful application of the model to study a variety of membrane processes, including lipid-dependent binding and insertion of peripheral proteins, the mechanism of phospholipid insertion into lipid bilayers, and characterization of optimal tilt angle of transmembrane helices. We conclude with practical recommendations for proper usage of the model in simulation studies of membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh V. Vermaas
- Beckman Institute, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Javier L. Baylon
- Beckman Institute, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Mark J. Arcario
- Beckman Institute, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Melanie P. Muller
- Beckman Institute, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Zhe Wu
- Beckman Institute, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Taras V. Pogorelov
- Beckman Institute, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Beckman Institute, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801
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Stefano GB, Kream RM. Hypoxia defined as a common culprit/initiation factor in mitochondrial-mediated proinflammatory processes. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1478-84. [PMID: 25997954 PMCID: PMC4451716 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals and invertebrates, the activities of neuro- and immuno-competent cells, e.g., glia, which are present in nervous tissues, are deemed of critical importance to normative neuronal function. The responsiveness of invertebrate and vertebrate immuno-competent glia to a common set of signal molecules, such as nitric oxide and endogenous morphine, is functionally linked to physiologically driven innate immunological and neuronal activities. Importantly, the presence of a common, evolutionarily conserved, set of signal molecules in comparative animal groups strongly suggests an expansive intermediate metabolic profile dependent on high output mitochondrial ATP production and utilization. Normative bidirectional neural-immune communication across invertebrate and vertebrate species requires common anatomical and biochemical substrates and pathways involved in energy production and mitochondrial integrity. Within this closed-loop system, abnormal perturbation of the respective tissue functions will have profound ramifications in functionally altering associated nervous and vascular systems and it is highly likely that the initial trigger to the induction of a physiologically debilitating pro-inflammatory state is a micro-environmental hypoxic event. This is surmised by the need for an unwavering constant oxygen supply. In this case, temporal perturbations of normative oxygen tension may be tolerated for short, but not extended, periods and ischemic/hypoxic perturbations in oxygen delivery represent significant physiological challenges to overall cellular and multiple organ system viability. Hence, hypoxic triggering of multiple pro-inflammatory events, if not corrected, will promote pathophysiological amplification leading to a deleterious cascade of bio-senescent cellular and molecular signaling pathways, which converge to markedly impair mitochondrial energy utilization and ATP production.
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Kruzliak P, Pechanova O, Kara T. New perspectives of nitric oxide donors in cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 19:383-90. [PMID: 23712508 PMCID: PMC3976759 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is often used to treat heart failure accompanied with pulmonary edema. According to present knowledge, however, NO donors are contraindicated when systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mmHg. Based on recent findings and our own clinical experience, we formulated a hypothesis about the new breakthrough complex lifesaving effects of NO donors in patients with cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation therapy. It includes a direct hemodynamic effect of NO donors mediated through vasodilation of coronary arteries in cooperation with improvement of cardiac function and cardiac output through reversible inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and mitochondrial NO synthase, followed by reduction in reactive oxygen species and correction of myocardial stunning. Simultaneously, an increase in vascular sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation could lead to an increase in diastolic blood pressure. Confirmation of this hypothesis in clinical practice would mean a milestone in the treatment for cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kruzliak
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology and Centre of Excellence for Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic,
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Kang PT, Chen CL, Chen YR. Increased mitochondrial prooxidant activity mediates up-regulation of Complex I S-glutathionylation via protein thiyl radical in the murine heart of eNOS(-/-). Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:56-68. [PMID: 25445401 PMCID: PMC4339473 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In response to oxidative stress, mitochondrial Complex I is reversibly S-glutathionylated. We hypothesized that protein S-glutathionylation (PrSSG) of Complex I is mediated by a kinetic mechanism involving reactive protein thiyl radical (PrS(•)) and GSH in vivo. Previous studies have shown that in vitro S-glutathionylation of isolated Complex I at the 51 and 75-kDa subunits was detected under the conditions of (•)O2(-) production, and mass spectrometry confirmed that formation of Complex I PrS(•) mediates PrSSG. Exposure of myocytes to menadione resulted in enhanced Complex I PrSSG and PrS(•) (Kang et al., Free Radical Biol. Med.52:962-973; 2012). In this investigation, we tested our hypothesis in the murine heart of eNOS(-/-). The eNOS(-/-) mouse is known to be hypertensive and develops the pathological phenotype of progressive cardiac hypertrophy. The mitochondria isolated from the eNOS(-/-) myocardium exhibited a marked dysfunction with impaired state 3 respiration, a declining respiratory control index, and decreasing enzymatic activities of ETC components. Further biochemical analysis and EPR measurement indicated defective aconitase activity, a marked increase in (•)O2(-) generation activity, and a more oxidized physiological setting. These results suggest increasing prooxidant activity and subsequent oxidative stress in the mitochondria of the eNOS(-/-) murine heart. When Complex I from the mitochondria of the eNOS(-/-) murine heart was analyzed by immunospin trapping and probed with anti-GSH antibody, both PrS(•) and PrSSG of Complex I were significantly enhanced. Overexpression of SOD2 in the murine heart dramatically diminished the detected PrS(•), supporting the conclusion that mediation of Complex I PrSSG by oxidative stress-induced PrS(•) is a unique pathway for the redox regulation of mitochondrial function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Kang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Chwen-Lih Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yeong-Renn Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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Bueno M, Lai YC, Romero Y, Brands J, St Croix CM, Kamga C, Corey C, Herazo-Maya JD, Sembrat J, Lee JS, Duncan SR, Rojas M, Shiva S, Chu CT, Mora AL. PINK1 deficiency impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and promotes lung fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:521-38. [PMID: 25562319 DOI: 10.1172/jci74942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although aging is a known risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the effects of advancing age remain largely unexplained. Some age-related neurodegenerative diseases have an etiology that is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we found that alveolar type II cells (AECIIs) in the lungs of IPF patients exhibit marked accumulation of dysmorphic and dysfunctional mitochondria. These mitochondrial abnormalities in AECIIs of IPF lungs were associated with upregulation of ER stress markers and were recapitulated in normal mice with advancing age in response to stimulation of ER stress. We found that impaired mitochondria in IPF and aging lungs were associated with low expression of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). Knockdown of PINK1 expression in lung epithelial cells resulted in mitochondria depolarization and expression of profibrotic factors. Moreover, young PINK1-deficient mice developed similarly dysmorphic, dysfunctional mitochondria in the AECIIs and were vulnerable to apoptosis and development of lung fibrosis. Our data indicate that PINK1 deficiency results in swollen, dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy, and promotes fibrosis in the aging lung.
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O-Uchi J, Ryu SY, Jhun BS, Hurst S, Sheu SS. Mitochondrial ion channels/transporters as sensors and regulators of cellular redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:987-1006. [PMID: 24180309 PMCID: PMC4116125 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial ion channels/transporters and the electron transport chain (ETC) serve as key sensors and regulators for cellular redox signaling, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) in mitochondria, and balancing cell survival and death. Although the functional and pharmacological characteristics of mitochondrial ion transport mechanisms have been extensively studied for several decades, the majority of the molecular identities that are responsible for these channels/transporters have remained a mystery until very recently. RECENT ADVANCES Recent breakthrough studies uncovered the molecular identities of the diverse array of major mitochondrial ion channels/transporters, including the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter pore, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel. This new information enables us to form detailed molecular and functional characterizations of mitochondrial ion channels/transporters and their roles in mitochondrial redox signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES Redox-mediated post-translational modifications of mitochondrial ion channels/transporters and ETC serve as key mechanisms for the spatiotemporal control of mitochondrial ROS/RNS generation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Identification of detailed molecular mechanisms for redox-mediated regulation of mitochondrial ion channels will enable us to find novel therapeutic targets for many diseases that are associated with cellular redox signaling and mitochondrial ion channels/transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin O-Uchi
- 1 Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Dutta M, Ghosh AK, Mishra P, Jain G, Rangari V, Chattopadhyay A, Das T, Bhowmick D, Bandyopadhyay D. Protective effects of piperine against copper-ascorbate induced toxic injury to goat cardiac mitochondria in vitro. Food Funct 2014; 5:2252-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Qiu Z, Zhang W, Fan F, Li H, Wu C, Ye Y, Du Q, Li Z, Hu X, Zhao G, Sun A, Bao Z, Ge J. Rosuvastatin-attenuated heart failure in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats via PKCα/β2 signal pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:3052-61. [PMID: 22970977 PMCID: PMC4393733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There are controversies concerning the capacity of Rosuvastatin to attenuate heart failure in end-stage hypertension. The aim of the study was to show whether the Rosuvastatin might be effective or not for the heart failure treatment. Twenty-one spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) aged 52 weeks with heart failure were randomly divided into three groups: two receiving Rosuvastatin at 20 and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively, and the third, placebo for comparison with seven Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) as controls. After an 8-week treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and echocardiographic features were evaluated; mRNA level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and plasma NT-proBNP concentration were measured; the heart tissues were observed under electron microscope (EM); myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump (SERCA-2) activity and mitochondria cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) activity were measured; the expressions of SERCA-2a, phospholamban (PLB), ryanodine receptor2 (RyR2), sodium–calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 (PPI-1) were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR; and the total and phosphorylation of protein kinase Cα/β (PKCα/β) were measured. Aged SHRs with heart failure was characterized by significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening, enhanced left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and LV Volume, accompanied by increased plasma NT-proBNP and elevated BNP gene expression. Damaged myofibrils, vacuolated mitochondria and swollen sarcoplasmic reticulum were observed by EM. Myocardium mitochondria CCO and SERCA-2 activity decreased. The expressions of PLB and NCX1 increased significantly with up-regulation of PPI-1 and down-regulation of CaMKII, whereas that of RyR2 decreased. Rosuvastatin was found to ameliorate the heart failure in aged SHRs and to improve changes in SERCA-2a, PLB, RyR2, NCX1, CaMKII and PPI-1; PKCα/β2 signal pathway to be suppressed; the protective effect of Rosuvastatin to be dose dependent. In conclusion, the heart failure of aged SHRs that was developed during the end stage of hypertension could be ameliorated by Rosuvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hydrogen sulfide cytoprotective signaling is endothelial nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide dependent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3182-7. [PMID: 24516168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321871111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against multiple cardiovascular disease states in a similar manner as nitric oxide (NO). H2S therapy also has been shown to augment NO bioavailability and signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of H2S deficiency on endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) function, NO production, and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We found that mice lacking the H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) exhibit elevated oxidative stress, dysfunctional eNOS, diminished NO levels, and exacerbated myocardial and hepatic I/R injury. In CSE KO mice, acute H2S therapy restored eNOS function and NO bioavailability and attenuated I/R injury. In addition, we found that H2S therapy fails to protect against I/R in eNOS phosphomutant mice (S1179A). Our results suggest that H2S-mediated cytoprotective signaling in the setting of I/R injury is dependent in large part on eNOS activation and NO generation.
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Omar SA, Webb AJ. Nitrite reduction and cardiovascular protection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:57-69. [PMID: 24486197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrite, a metabolite of endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) from NO synthases (NOS), provides the largest endocrine source of directly bioavailable NO. The conversion of nitrite to NO occurs mainly through enzymatic reduction, mediated by a range of proteins, including haem-globins, molybdo-flavoproteins, mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and NOS. Such nitrite reduction is particularly favoured under hypoxia, when endogenous formation of NO from NOS is impaired. Under normoxic conditions, the majority of these nitrite reductases also scavenge NO, or diminish its bioavailability via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting an intricate balance. Moreover, nitrite, whether produced endogenously, or derived from exogenous nitrite or nitrate administration (including dietary sources via the Nitrate-Nitrite-NO pathway) beneficially modulates many key cardiovascular pathological processes. In this review, we highlight the landmark studies which revealed nitrite's function in biological systems, and inspect its evolving role in cardiovascular protection. Whilst these effects have mainly been ascribed to the activity of one or more nitrite reductases, we also discuss newly-identified mechanisms, including nitrite anhydration, the involvement of s-nitrosothiols, nitro-fatty acids, and direct nitrite normoxic signalling, involving modification of mitochondrial structure and function, and ROS production. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami A Omar
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 4th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Andrew James Webb
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 4th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Umbrello M, Dyson A, Pinto BB, Fernandez BO, Simon V, Feelisch M, Singer M. Short-term hypoxic vasodilation in vivo is mediated by bioactive nitric oxide metabolites, rather than free nitric oxide derived from haemoglobin-mediated nitrite reduction. J Physiol 2014; 592:1061-75. [PMID: 24396056 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.255687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Local increases in blood flow--'hypoxic vasodilation'--confer cellular protection in the face of reduced oxygen delivery. The physiological relevance of this response is well established, yet ongoing controversy surrounds its underlying mechanisms. We sought to confirm that early hypoxic vasodilation is a nitric oxide (NO)-mediated phenomenon and to study putative pathways for increased levels of NO, namely production from NO synthases, intravascular nitrite reduction, release from preformed stores and reduced deactivation by cytochrome c oxidase. Experiments were performed on spontaneously breathing, anaesthetized, male Wistar rats undergoing short-term systemic hypoxaemia, who received pharmacological inhibitors and activators of the various NO pathways. Arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, tissue oxygen tension and the circulating pool of NO metabolites (oxidation, nitrosation and nitrosylation products) were measured in plasma and erythrocytes. Hypoxaemia caused a rapid and sustained vasodilation, which was only partially reversed by non-selective NO synthase inhibition. This was associated with significantly lower plasma nitrite, and marginally elevated nitrate levels, suggestive of nitrite bioinactivation. Administration of sodium nitrite had little effect in normoxia, but produced significant vasodilation and increased nitrosylation during hypoxaemia that could not be reversed by NO scavenging. Methodological issues prevented assessment of the contribution, if any, of reduced deactivation of NO by cytochrome c oxidase. In conclusion, acute hypoxic vasodilation is an adaptive NO-mediated response conferred through bioactive metabolites rather than free NO from haemoglobin-mediated reduction of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Umbrello
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Umbrello M, Dyson A, Feelisch M, Singer M. The key role of nitric oxide in hypoxia: hypoxic vasodilation and energy supply-demand matching. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1690-710. [PMID: 23311950 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A mismatch between energy supply and demand induces tissue hypoxia with the potential to cause cell death and organ failure. Whenever arterial oxygen concentration is reduced, increases in blood flow--hypoxic vasodilation--occur in an attempt to restore oxygen supply. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling and effector molecule mediating the body's response to hypoxia, given its unique characteristics of vasodilation (improving blood flow and oxygen supply) and modulation of energetic metabolism (reducing oxygen consumption and promoting utilization of alternative pathways). RECENT ADVANCES This review covers the role of oxygen in metabolism and responses to hypoxia, the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of NO, and mechanisms underlying the involvement of NO in hypoxic vasodilation. Recent insights into NO metabolism will be discussed, including the role for dietary intake of nitrate, endogenous nitrite (NO₂⁻) reductases, and release of NO from storage pools. The processes through which NO levels are elevated during hypoxia are presented, namely, (i) increased synthesis from NO synthases, increased reduction of NO₂⁻ to NO by heme- or pterin-based enzymes and increased release from NO stores, and (ii) reduced deactivation by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. CRITICAL ISSUES Several reviews covered modulation of energetic metabolism by NO, while here we highlight the crucial role NO plays in achieving cardiocirculatory homeostasis during acute hypoxia through both vasodilation and metabolic suppression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We identify a key position for NO in the body's adaptation to an acute energy supply-demand mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Umbrello
- 1 Department of Medicine, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London , London, United Kingdom
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Suh KS, Choi EM, Lee YS, Kim YS. Protective effect of albiflorin against oxidative-stress-mediated toxicity in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lee TH, Lee MS, Huang CC, Tsao HM, Lin PM, Ho HN, Shew JY, Yang YS. Nitric oxide modulates mitochondrial activity and apoptosis through protein S-nitrosylation for preimplantation embryo development. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:1063-72. [PMID: 23832270 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies reported that patients with endometriosis had excess nitric oxide (NO) in the reproductive tract and poor embryo development in IVF cycles. This study aims to elucidate the effects of NO on early embryo development. METHODS Zygotes from superovulated B6CBF1 mice were cultured to blastocysts in a variety of media. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (LNA) were added to the culture medium as a NO donor and a NO synthase inhibitor, respectively. The localization and fluorescence intensity of S-nitrosylated (SNO) proteins within 2-cell stage embryos were analyzed with confocal microscopy. Apoptosis and ATP production in the blastocysts were measured. RESULT(S) Subsequent to NO exposure, the SNO proteins mainly colocalized with the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and the intensity of SNO proteins increased. The addition of a quanylate cyclase inhibitor and a cyclic GMP mimic agent induced nonsignificant changes in SNO proteins, whereas addition of a superoxide scavenger or a reduced form of glutathione rescued the embryos from the effects of NO. However, superoxide scavenger supplementation resulted in decreased blastocyst ATP production. CONCLUSION(S) Elevated NO exerts deleterious effects on embryo development, possibly through protein S-nitrosylation in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Including glutathione as a component in the culture medium might counteract this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, #8 Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Mutations in the human mitochondrial genome are known to cause an array of diverse disorders, most of which are maternally inherited, and all of which are associated with defects in oxidative energy metabolism. It is now emerging that somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are also linked to other complex traits, including neurodegenerative diseases, ageing and cancer. Here we discuss insights into the roles of mtDNA mutations in a wide variety of diseases, highlighting the interesting genetic characteristics of the mitochondrial genome and challenges in studying its contribution to pathogenesis.
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