1
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Cerutti C, Lucotti S, Menendez ST, Reymond N, Garg R, Romero IA, Muschel R, Ridley AJ. IQGAP1 and NWASP promote human cancer cell dissemination and metastasis by regulating β1-integrin via FAK and MRTF/SRF. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113989. [PMID: 38536816 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Attachment of circulating tumor cells to the endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels is a critical step in cancer metastatic colonization, which leads to metastatic outgrowth. Breast and prostate cancers are common malignancies in women and men, respectively. Here, we observe that β1-integrin is required for human prostate and breast cancer cell adhesion to ECs under shear-stress conditions in vitro and to lung blood vessel ECs in vivo. We identify IQGAP1 and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (NWASP) as regulators of β1-integrin transcription and protein expression in prostate and breast cancer cells. IQGAP1 and NWASP depletion in cancer cells decreases adhesion to ECs in vitro and retention in the lung vasculature and metastatic lung nodule formation in vivo. Mechanistically, NWASP and IQGAP1 act downstream of Cdc42 to increase β1-integrin expression both via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/focal adhesion kinase signaling at the protein level and by myocardin-related transcription factor/serum response factor (SRF) transcriptionally. Our results identify IQGAP1 and NWASP as potential therapeutic targets to reduce early metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cerutti
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Serena Lucotti
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sofia T Menendez
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Nicolas Reymond
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Ruth Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK.
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2
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Zheng H, Liu J, Cheng Q, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Huang Y, Li W, Zhao Y, Chen G, Yu F, Liu L, Li Y, Liao X, Xu L, Xiao Y, Zheng Z, Li M, Wang H, Hu G, Du L, Chen Q. Targeted activation of ferroptosis in colorectal cancer via LGR4 targeting overcomes acquired drug resistance. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:572-589. [PMID: 38291304 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance is a major challenge for cancer therapy and is the leading cause of cancer mortality; however, the mechanisms of drug resistance are diverse and the strategy to specifically target drug-resistant cancer cells remains an unmet clinical issue. Here, we established a colorectal cancer-derived organoid biobank and induced acquired drug resistance by repeated low-level exposures of chemo-agents. Chemosensitivity profiling and transcriptomic analysis studies revealed that chemoresistant cancer-derived organoids exhibited elevated expression of LGR4 and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Further, we generated a monoclonal antibody (LGR4-mAb) that potently inhibited LGR4-Wnt signaling and found that treatment with LGR4-mAb notably sensitized drug-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, LGR4-dependent Wnt signaling transcriptionally upregulated SLC7A11, a key inhibitor of ferroptosis, to confer acquired drug resistance. Our findings reveal that targeting of Wnt signaling by LGR4-mAb augments ferroptosis when co-administrated with chemotherapeutic agents, demonstrating a potential opportunity to fight refractory and recurrent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianping Zhang
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyu Jiang
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Huang
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlei Li
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- School of Statistics and Data Science, LPMC and KLMDASR, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo Chen
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yu
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- CNBG-Nankai University Joint Research and Development Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Liao
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zheng
- Department of International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Hu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, LPMC and KLMDASR, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- CNBG-Nankai University Joint Research and Development Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Quan Chen
- The Frontier Center for Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Toh Y, Wu L, Park S, Wang A, Tu J, Yu W, Zuo M, Carmon KS, Liu QJ. LGR4 and LGR5 form distinct homodimers that only LGR4 complexes with RNF43/ZNRF3 to provide high affinity binding of R-spondin ligands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10796. [PMID: 37402772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LGR4 and LGR5 are two homologous receptors that potentiate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to R-spondin (RSPO) ligands. The RSPO and LGR4 complex binds to and inhibits activities of two related E3 ubiquitin ligases, RNF43 and ZNRF3, and thus protects Wnt receptors from the E3 ligase-mediated degradation. The RSPO and LGR5 complex, however, does not interact with the E3 ligases, and the structural basis of this difference remained unknown. Here we examined the affinities of monovalent and bivalent RSPO ligands in binding to LGR4, RNF43/ZNRF3, and LGR5 in whole cells and found unique features among the receptors and E3 ligases. Monovalent RSPO2 furin domain had much lower affinity in binding to LGR4 or RNF43/ZNRF3 than the bivalent form. In contrast, monovalent and bivalent forms had nearly identical affinity in binding to LGR5. Co-expression of ZNRF3 with LGR4 led to much higher binding affinity of the monovalent form whereas co-expression of ZNRF3 with LGR5 had no effect on the affinity. These results suggest that LGR4 and RNF43/ZNRF3 form a 2:2 dimer that accommodates bivalent binding of RSPO whereas LGR5 forms a homodimer that does not. Structural models are proposed to illustrate how RSPOs bind to LGR4, RNF43/ZNRF3, and LGR5 in whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimatsu Toh
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Soohyun Park
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Allison Wang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianghua Tu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wangsheng Yu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mingxin Zuo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kendra S Carmon
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingyun J Liu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St., Suite 330E, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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4
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Pervaiz N, Kathuria I, Aithabathula RV, Singla B. Matricellular proteins in atherosclerosis development. Matrix Biol 2023; 120:1-23. [PMID: 37086928 PMCID: PMC10225360 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network composed of various multi-domain macromolecules like collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin, etc., that form a structurally stable composite, contributing to the mechanical properties of tissue. However, matricellular proteins are non-structural, secretory extracellular matrix proteins, which modulate various cellular functions via interacting with cell surface receptors, proteases, hormones, and cell-matrix. They play essential roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis by regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and several signal transduction pathways. Matricellular proteins display a broad functionality regulated by their multiple structural domains and their ability to interact with different extracellular substrates and/or cell surface receptors. The expression of these proteins is low in adults, however, gets upregulated following injuries, inflammation, and during tumor growth. The marked elevation in the expression of these proteins during atherosclerosis suggests a positive association between their expression and atherosclerotic lesion formation. The role of matricellular proteins in atherosclerosis development has remained an area of research interest in the last two decades and studies revealed these proteins as important players in governing vascular function, remodeling, and plaque formation. Despite extensive research, many aspects of the matrix protein biology in atherosclerosis are still unknown and future studies are required to investigate whether targeting pathways stimulated by these proteins represent viable therapeutic approaches for patients with atherosclerotic vascular diseases. This review summarizes the characteristics of distinct matricellular proteins, discusses the available literature on the involvement of matrix proteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and suggests new avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Pervaiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
| | - Ishita Kathuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
| | - Ravi Varma Aithabathula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA.
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5
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Posey TA, Jacob J, Parkhurst A, Subramanian S, Francisco LE, Liang Z, Carmon KS. Loss of LGR5 through Therapy-induced Downregulation or Gene Ablation Is Associated with Resistance and Enhanced MET-STAT3 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:667-678. [PMID: 36921315 PMCID: PMC10164100 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs) that play important roles in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Loss of LGR5 has been shown to enhance therapy resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this resistance remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate conversion of LGR5+ colorectal cancer cells to an LGR5- state in response to chemotherapy, LGR5- targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), or LGR5 gene ablation led to activation of STAT3. Further investigation revealed increased STAT3 activation occurred as a result of increased mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) factor receptor activity. LGR5 overexpression decreased MET-STAT3 activity and sensitized colorectal cancer cells to therapy. STAT3 inhibition suppressed MET phosphorylation, while constitutively active STAT3 reduced LGR5 levels and increased MET activity, suggesting a potential feedback mechanism. Combination treatment of MET-STAT3 inhibitors with irinotecan or antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) substantiated synergistic effects in colorectal cancer cells and tumor organoids. In colorectal cancer xenografts, STAT3 inhibition combined with irinotecan enhanced tumor growth suppression and prolonged survival. These findings suggest a mechanism by which drug-resistant LGR5- colorectal cancer cells acquire a survival advantage through activation of MET-STAT3 and provide rationale for new treatment strategies to target colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressie A. Posey
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joan Jacob
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ashlyn Parkhurst
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Shraddha Subramanian
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Liezl E. Francisco
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Kendra S. Carmon
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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6
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Mohapatra T, Dixit M. IQ Motif Containing GTPase Activating Proteins (IQGAPs), A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs) and Kinase Suppressor of Ras Proteins (KSRs) in Scaffolding Oncogenic Pathways and Their Therapeutic Potential. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45837-45848. [PMID: 36570181 PMCID: PMC9773950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolding proteins colocalize interacting partners on their surface and facilitate complex formation. They have multiple domains and motifs, which provide binding sites for various molecules. This property of scaffolding proteins helps in the orderly transduction of signals. Abnormal signal transduction is frequently observed in cancers, which can also be attributed to the altered functionality of scaffolding proteins. IQ motif containing GTPase activating proteins (IQGAPs), kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR), and A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) tether oncogenic pathways RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, Hippo, Wnt, and CDC42/RAC to them. Scaffolding proteins are attractive drug targets as they are the controlling hub for multiple pathways and regulate crosstalk between them. The first part of this review describes the human scaffolding proteins known to play a role in oncogenesis, pathways altered by them, and the impact on oncogenic processes. The second part provides information on the therapeutic potential of scaffolding proteins and future possibilities. The information on the explored and unexplored areas of the therapeutic potential of scaffolding proteins will be equally helpful for biologists and chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talina Mohapatra
- National
Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Manjusha Dixit
- National
Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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7
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Chen Y, Mao C, Gu R, Zhao R, Li W, Ma Z, Jia Y, Yu F, Luo J, Fu Y, Sun J, Kong W. Nidogen-2 is a Novel Endogenous Ligand of LGR4 to Inhibit Vascular Calcification. Circ Res 2022; 131:1037-1054. [PMID: 36354004 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is closely related to the all-cause mortality of cardiovascular events. Basement membrane protein nidogen-2 is a key component of the vascular extracellular matrix microenvironment and we recently found it is pivotal for the maintenance of contractile phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, whether nidogen-2 is involved in VSMCs osteochondrogenic transition and vascular calcification remains unclear. METHODS VSMCs was treated with high-phosphate to study VSMC calcification in vitro. Three different mice models (5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic renal failure, cholecalciferol-overload, and periadventitially administered with CaCl2) were used to study vascular calcification in vivo. Membrane protein interactome, coimmunoprecipitation, flow cytometric binding assay, surface plasmon resonance, G protein signaling, VSMCs calcium assays were performed to clarify the phenotype and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Nidogen-2 protein levels were significantly reduced in calcified VSMCs and aortas from mice in different vascular calcification model. Nidogen-2 deficiency exacerbated high-phosphate-induced VSMC calcification, whereas the addition of purified nidogen-2 protein markedly alleviated VSMC calcification in vitro. Nidogen-2-/- mice exhibited aggravated aorta calcification compared to wild-type (WT) mice in response to 5/6 nephrectomy, cholecalciferol-overload, and CaCl2 administration. Further unbiased coimmunoprecipitation and interactome analysis of purified nidogen-2 and membrane protein in VSMCs revealed that nidogen-2 directly binds to LGR4 (leucine-rich repeat G-protein-coupled receptor 4) with KD value 26.77 nM. LGR4 deficiency in VSMCs in vitro or in vivo abolished the protective effect of nidogen-2 on vascular calcification. Of interest, nidogen-2 biased activated LGR4-Gαq-PKCα (protein kinase Cα)-AMPKα1 (AMP-activated protein kinase α1) signaling to counteract VSMCs osteogenic transition and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS Nidogen-2 is a novel endogenous ligand of LGR4 that biased activated Gαq- PKCα-AMPKα1 signaling and inhibited vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China (C.M.)
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China (C.M.)
| | - Rujia Zhao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China (R.Z., J.S.)
| | - Weihao Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (W.L.)
| | - Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Jian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China (R.Z., J.S.)
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.C., C.M., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., J.S., W.K.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.C., R.G., Z.M., Y.J., F.Y., Y.F., W.K.)
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8
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Akram KM, Kulkarni NS, Brook A, Wyles MD, Anumba DOC. Transcriptomic analysis of the human placenta reveals trophoblast dysfunction and augmented Wnt signalling associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:987740. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.987740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of death in under-five children. Worldwide, annually, over 15 million babies are born preterm and 1 million of them die. The triggers and mechanisms of spontaneous PTB remain largely unknown. Most current therapies are ineffective and there is a paucity of reliable predictive biomarkers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of spontaneous PTB is crucial for developing better diagnostics and therapeutics. To address this need, we conducted RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis, qRT-PCR and ELISA on fresh placental villous tissue from 20 spontaneous preterm and 20 spontaneous term deliveries, to identify genes and signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PTB. Our differential gene expression, gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed several dysregulated genes (including OCLN, OPTN, KRT7, WNT7A, RSPO4, BAMBI, NFATC4, SLC6A13, SLC6A17, SLC26A8 and KLF8) associated with altered trophoblast functions. We identified dysregulated Wnt, oxytocin and cellular senescence signalling pathways in preterm placentas, where augmented Wnt signalling could play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PTB due to its diverse biological functions. We also reported two novel targets (ITPR2 and MYLK2) in the oxytocin signalling pathways for further study. Through bioinformatics analysis on DEGs, we identified four key miRNAs, - miR-524-5p, miR-520d-5p, miR-15a-5p and miR-424-5p - which were significantly downregulated in preterm placentas. These miRNAs may have regulatory roles in the aberrant gene expressions that we have observed in preterm placentas. We provide fresh molecular insight into the pathogenesis of spontaneous PTB which may drive further studies to develop new predictive biomarkers and therapeutics.
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9
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Yang L, Yue W, Zhang H, Gao Y, Yang L, Li L. The role of roof plate-specific spondins in liver homeostasis and disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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10
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R-spondin 3 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Activation Through Leucine-Rich G Protein-Coupled Receptor 4/Wnt/β-catenin Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:70-81. [PMID: 35767713 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT High glucose-induced endothelial activation plays critical roles in the development of diabetic vascular complications. R-spondin 3 could inhibit inflammatory damage, and diabetic vascular inflammation is secondary to endothelial activation. In this article, we identify R-spondin 3 as a novel regulator of high glucose-induced endothelial activation. We found that the serum levels of R-spondin 3 were significantly reduced in type 2 diabetic patients and db/db mice. We observed that the increased expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (endothelial activation makers) in high glucose-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines (HUVECs) could be inhibited by overexpressing R-spondin 3 or human R-spondin 3 recombinant protein. Subsequently, high glucose-induced adhesion and migration of human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1 cells) to HUVECs were markedly suppressed by the overexpression of R-spondin 3 in HUVECs. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of R-spondin 3 on the expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in high glucose-treated HUVECs could be blocked by knockdown of leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 4 (R-spondin 3 receptor) or the specific inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, R-spondin 3 could suppress high glucose-induced endothelial activation through leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 4/Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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11
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Xu P, Wang C, Xiang W, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Guo C, Liu M, Shi Y, Ye X, Dang Y. P2RY6 has a critical role in mouse skin carcinogenesis by regulating the YAP and β-catenin signaling pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2334-2342.e8. [PMID: 35304248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
P2Y purinoceptor 6 (P2RY6) is highly expressed in skin keratinocytes, but its function in skin diseases is unclear. We use two-step chemical induction method to induce mouse skin tumor formation. Multiple in vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the role of P2RY6 in skin tumor. We report that P2ry6-deficient mice exhibit marked resistance to DMBA/TPA-induced skin papilloma formation compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with these findings, epidermal hyperplasia in response to TPA was suppressed in the P2ry6 knockout or MRS2578 (P2RY6 antagonist)-treated mice. The dramatic decrease in hyperplasia and tumorigenesis due to P2ry6 disruption was associated with the suppression of TPA-induced keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory reactions. Notably, P2ry6 deletion prevented the TPA-induced increase in YAP nuclear accumulation and its downstream gene expression in an MST/LATS1-dependent manner. Upon TPA stimulation, enhanced activation of MEK1 and β-catenin were also impaired in P2ry6 knockout primary keratinocytes, tumor tissues or MRS2578-treated HaCaT cells. Moreover, mutual promotion of the YAP and β-catenin signaling pathways was observed in normal skin cells treated with TPA, while P2ry6 deletion could inhibit their crosstalk by regulating MEK1. Thus, P2RY6 is a critical positive regulator of skin tumorigenesis via modulation of the Hippo/YAP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caibing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyuan Guo
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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NEAT1 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promotes melanoma by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1228-1239. [PMID: 35115683 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) reportedly play an important role in melanoma pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of EVs-carried long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 involvement in melanoma. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to determine biological characteristics of A-375 melanoma cells. Bioinfomatic prediction, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments were applied to investigate the roles of NEAT1 and microRNA-374a-5p (miR-374a-5p), and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4). A subcutaneous tumor model was constructed using nude mice, and in vivo fluorescence imaging was used to observe the effect of NEAT1 on the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells in vivo. The results indicated that BMSC-EVs could be internalized by macrophages to promote the expression of macrophages M2 markers. M2 type macrophages promoted malignancy of melanoma cells. NEAT1 derived from BMSC-EVs promoted the progression of melanoma by promoting M2 polarization of macrophages. NEAT1 inhibits miR-374 expression, while miR-374 could upregulate LGR4-dependent IQGAP1 expression. The tumor-inhibiting effect of NEAT1 silencing was validated in the nude mouse xenograft model. Collectively, the results demonstrated that BMSC-EVs carrying NEAT1 can promote the progression of melanoma by inducing M2 polarization of macrophages, and thus may be considered as a potential target for melanoma therapeutics.
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13
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Yang L, Wang J, Gong X, Fan Q, Yang X, Cui Y, Gao X, Li L, Sun X, Li Y, Wang Y. Emerging Roles for LGR4 in Organ Development, Energy Metabolism and Carcinogenesis. Front Genet 2022; 12:728827. [PMID: 35140734 PMCID: PMC8819683 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.728827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) belonging to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family, had various regulatory roles at multiple cellular types and numerous targeting sites, and aberrant LGR4 signaling played crucial roles in diseases and carcinogenesis. On the basis of these facts, LGR4 may become an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases and tumors. However, a comprehensive investigation of its functions and applications was still lacking. Hence, this paper provided an overview of the molecular characteristics and signaling mechanisms of LGR4, its involvement in multiple organ development and participation in the modulation of immunology related diseases, metabolic diseases, and oxidative stress damage along with cancer progression. Given that GPCRs accounted for almost a third of current clinical drug targets, the in-depth understanding of the sophisticated connections of LGR4 and its ligands would not only enrich their regulatory networks, but also shed new light on designing novel molecular targeted drugs and small molecule blockers for revolutionizing the treatment of various diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Cui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Li, ; Yudong Wang,
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Li, ; Yudong Wang,
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14
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Ter Steege EJ, Bakker ERM. The role of R-spondin proteins in cancer biology. Oncogene 2021; 40:6469-6478. [PMID: 34663878 PMCID: PMC8616751 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
R-spondin (RSPO) proteins constitute a family of four secreted glycoproteins (RSPO1-4) that have appeared as multipotent signaling ligands. The best-known molecular function of RSPOs lie within their capacity to agonize the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As RSPOs act upon cognate receptors LGR4/5/6 that are typically expressed by stem cells and progenitor cells, RSPO proteins importantly potentiate Wnt/β-catenin signaling especially within these proliferative stem cell compartments. Since multiple organs express LGR4/5/6 receptors and RSPO ligands within their stem cell niches, RSPOs can exert an influential role in stem cell regulation throughout the body. Inherently, over the last decade a multitude of reports implicated the deregulation of RSPOs in cancer development. First, RSPO2 and RSPO3 gene fusions with concomitant enhanced expression have been identified in colon cancer patients, and proposed as an alternative driver of Wnt/β-catenin hyperactivation that earmarks cancer in the colorectal tract. Moreover, the causal oncogenic capacity of RSPO3 overactivation has been demonstrated in the mouse intestine. As a paradigm organ in this field, most of current knowledge about RSPOs in cancer is derived from studies in the intestinal tract. However, RSPO gene fusions as well as enhanced RSPO expression have been reported in multiple additional cancer types, affecting different organs that involve divergent stem cell hierarchies. Importantly, the emerging oncogenic role of RSPO and its potential clinical utility as a therapeutic target have been recognized and investigated in preclinical and clinical settings. This review provides a survey of current knowledge on the role of RSPOs in cancer biology, addressing the different organs implicated, and of efforts made to explore intervention opportunities in cancer cases with RSPO overrepresentation, including the potential utilization of RSPO as novel therapeutic target itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J Ter Steege
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elvira R M Bakker
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Wei T, Lambert PF. Role of IQGAP1 in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3940. [PMID: 34439095 PMCID: PMC8391515 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding proteins can play important roles in cell signaling transduction. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) influences many cellular activities by scaffolding multiple key signaling pathways, including ones involved in carcinogenesis. Two decades of studies provide evidence that IQGAP1 plays an essential role in promoting cancer development. IQGAP1 is overexpressed in many types of cancer, and its overexpression in cancer is associated with lower survival of the cancer patient. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the oncogenic roles of IQGAP1. We start by describing the major cancer-related signaling pathways scaffolded by IQGAP1 and their associated cellular activities. We then describe clinical and molecular evidence for the contribution of IQGAP1 in different types of cancers. In the end, we review recent evidence implicating IQGAP1 in tumor-related immune responses. Given the critical role of IQGAP1 in carcinoma development, anti-tumor therapies targeting IQGAP1 or its associated signaling pathways could be beneficial for patients with many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
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16
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Yue F, Jiang W, Ku AT, Young AIJ, Zhang W, Souto EP, Gao Y, Yu Z, Wang Y, Creighton CJ, Nagi C, Wang T, Hilsenbeck SG, Feng XH, Huang S, Coarfa C, Zhang XHF, Liu Q, Lin X, Li Y. A Wnt-Independent LGR4-EGFR Signaling Axis in Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4441-4454. [PMID: 34099494 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors 4, 5, and 6 (LGR4/5/6) play critical roles in development and cancer. The widely accepted mechanism is that these proteins, together with their R-spondin ligands, stabilize Wnt receptors, thus potentiating Wnt signaling. Here we show that LGR4 enhanced breast cancer cell metastasis even when Wnt signaling was deactivated pharmacologically or genetically. Furthermore, LGR4 mutants that cannot potentiate Wnt signaling nevertheless promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Multiomic screening identified EGFR as a crucial mediator of LGR4 activity in cancer progression. Mechanistically, LGR4 interacted with EGFR and blocked EGFR ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in persistent EGFR activation. Together, these data uncover a Wnt-independent LGR4-EGFR signaling axis with broad implications for cancer progression and targeted therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This work demonstrates a Wnt-independent mechanism by which LGR4 promotes cancer metastasis.See related commentary by Stevens and Williams, p. 4397.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yue
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy T Ku
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adelaide I J Young
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric P Souto
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yankun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tao Wang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shixia Huang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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17
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Singla B, Lin HP, Chen A, Ahn W, Ghoshal P, Cherian-Shaw M, White J, Stansfield BK, Csányi G. Role of R-spondin 2 in arterial lymphangiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1489-1509. [PMID: 32750106 PMCID: PMC8152716 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Impaired lymphatic drainage of the arterial wall results in intimal lipid accumulation and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms regulating lymphangiogenesis in atherosclerotic arteries are not well understood. Our studies identified elevated levels of matrix protein R-spondin 2 (RSPO2) in atherosclerotic arteries. In this study, we investigated the role of RSPO2 in lymphangiogenesis, arterial cholesterol efflux into lesion-draining lymph nodes (LNs) and development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of RSPO2 on lymphangiogenesis was investigated using human lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) in vitro and implanted Matrigel plugs in vivo. Cellular and molecular approaches, pharmacological agents, and siRNA silencing of RSPO2 receptor LGR4 were used to investigate RSPO2-mediated signalling in LEC. In vivo low-density lipoprotein (LDL) tracking and perivascular blockade of RSPO2-LGR4 signalling using LGR4-extracellular domain (ECD) pluronic gel in hypercholesterolemic mice were utilized to investigate the role of RSPO2 in arterial reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis. Immunoblotting and imaging experiments demonstrated increased RSPO2 expression in human and mouse atherosclerotic arteries compared to non-atherosclerotic controls. RSPO2 treatment inhibited lymphangiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. LGR4 silencing and inhibition of RSPO2-LGR4 signalling abrogated RSPO2-induced inhibition of lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that RSPO2 suppresses PI3K-AKT-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signalling via LGR4 and inhibits activation of the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway. ApoE-/- mice treated with LGR4-ECD developed significantly less atherosclerosis compared with control treatment. Finally, increased arterial lymphatic vessel density and improved lymphatic drainage of fluorescently labelled LDL to deep cervical LNs were observed in LGR4-ECD-treated mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that RSPO2 inhibits lymphangiogenesis via LGR4 and downstream impairment of AKT-eNOS-nitric oxide signalling. These results may also inform new therapeutic strategies to promote lymphangiogenesis and improve cholesterol efflux from atherosclerotic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Alex Chen
- Medical Scholars Program, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - WonMo Ahn
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, BF 104, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Brian K Stansfield
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, BI6031, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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18
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The Role of LGR4 (GPR48) in Normal and Cancer Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094690. [PMID: 33946652 PMCID: PMC8125670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) is a receptor that belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors that can be activated by R-spondins (RSPOs), Norrin, circLGR4, and the ligand of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL) ligands to regulate signaling pathways in normal and pathological processes. LGR4 is widely expressed in different tissues where it has multiple functions such as tissue development and maintenance. LGR4 mainly acts through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to regulate proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In cancer, LGR4 participates in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, recent evidence reveals that LGR4 is essential for the regulation of the cancer stem cell population by controlling self-renewal and regulating stem cell properties. This review summarizes the function of LGR4 and its ligands in normal and malignant processes.
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19
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Sluimer JC, Biessen EAL. Arterial lymphangiogenesis ReSPONDINg 2 a new cue: the R-spondin2/LRG4 axis limits VEGFR3-mediated lymphangiogenesis and reverse cholesterol transport. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1417-1419. [PMID: 33712820 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judith C Sluimer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, MUMC, Maastricht, Netherlands.,BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, MUMC, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Wnt signaling is an important morphogenetic signaling pathway best known for its essential role in determining embryonic cell fates; it is often activated to re-specify fetal cells or to maintain the lineage flexibility of somatic stem cells. In this review, we consider the role of this pathway in the remarkable process of differentiation, growth and morphogenesis of the mammary gland during embryogenesis, ductal outgrowth and pregnancy. Specifically, mammary stem cells are compared with stem cells from other tissues, to identify commonalities and differences. Wnt signaling is known to be required to maintain the bipotent basal stem cell present in adult mammary ductal trees, however, the absence of this stem cell has little effect on growth or morphogenesis, and Wnt signaling is not induced during the ductal/alveolar expansion during pregnancy. The evidence for pre-determined hierarchies of mammary epithelial cells is reviewed, together with the role of signaling between mixtures of specified mammary epithelial cells in the maintenance of Wnt-dependent clonagenic stem cells. The dazzling variety of Wnt signaling components expressed by mammary epithelial cells is presented, along with some potential stromal sources of Wnt proteins that may be important starting points for the induction of plasticity in the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
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21
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Angius A, Scanu AM, Arru C, Muroni MR, Rallo V, Deiana G, Ninniri MC, Carru C, Porcu A, Pira G, Uva P, Cossu-Rocca P, De Miglio MR. Portrait of Cancer Stem Cells on Colorectal Cancer: Molecular Biomarkers, Signaling Pathways and miRNAome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1603. [PMID: 33562604 PMCID: PMC7915330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and about 20% is metastatic at diagnosis and untreatable. Increasing evidence suggests that the heterogeneous nature of CRC is related to colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs), a small cells population with stemness behaviors and responsible for tumor progression, recurrence, and therapy resistance. Growing knowledge of stem cells (SCs) biology has rapidly improved uncovering the molecular mechanisms and possible crosstalk/feedback loops between signaling pathways that directly influence intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. The generation of CCSCs is probably connected to genetic changes in members of signaling pathways, which control self-renewal and pluripotency in SCs and then establish function and phenotype of CCSCs. Particularly, various deregulated CCSC-related miRNAs have been reported to modulate stemness features, controlling CCSCs functions such as regulation of cell cycle genes expression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasization, and drug-resistance mechanisms. Primarily, CCSC-related miRNAs work by regulating mainly signal pathways known to be involved in CCSCs biology. This review intends to summarize the epigenetic findings linked to miRNAome in the maintenance and regulation of CCSCs, including their relationships with different signaling pathways, which should help to identify specific diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for CRC, but also develop innovative CCSCs-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angius
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), CNR, Cittadella Universitaria di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Antonio Mario Scanu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.M.); (G.D.); (M.C.N.); (A.P.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Caterina Arru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.M.); (G.D.); (M.C.N.); (A.P.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Vincenzo Rallo
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), CNR, Cittadella Universitaria di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Giulia Deiana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.M.); (G.D.); (M.C.N.); (A.P.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Maria Chiara Ninniri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.M.); (G.D.); (M.C.N.); (A.P.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Alberto Porcu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.M.); (G.D.); (M.C.N.); (A.P.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Giovanna Pira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Paolo Uva
- IRCCS G. Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Cossu-Rocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.M.); (G.D.); (M.C.N.); (A.P.); (P.C.-R.)
- Department of Diagnostic Services, “Giovanni Paolo II” Hospital, ASSL Olbia-ATS Sardegna, 07026 Olbia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria De Miglio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.M.); (G.D.); (M.C.N.); (A.P.); (P.C.-R.)
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Peng X, Wang T, Gao H, Yue X, Bian W, Mei J, Zhang Y. The interplay between IQGAP1 and small GTPases in cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111243. [PMID: 33434854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic spread of tumor cells to distant anatomical locations is a critical cause for disease progression and leads to more than 90 % of cancer-related deaths. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a prominent regulator in the cancer metastasis process, is a scaffold protein that interacts with components of the cytoskeleton. As a critical node within the small GTPase network, IQGAP1 acts as a binding partner of several small GTPases, which in turn function as molecular switches to control most cellular processes, including cell migration and invasion. Given the significant interaction between IQGAP1 and small GTPases in cancer metastasis, we briefly elucidate the role of IQGAP1 in regulating cancer metastasis and the varied interactions existing between IQGAP1 and small GTPases. In addition, the potential regulators for IQGAP1 activity and its interaction with small GTPases are also incorporated in this review. Overall, we comprehensively summarize the role of IQGAP1 in cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis, which may be a potential anti-tumor target to restrain cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafeng Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China; First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Han Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Xin Yue
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Weiqi Bian
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China; Wuxi Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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Park S, Wu L, Tu J, Yu W, Toh Y, Carmon KS, Liu QJ. Unlike LGR4, LGR5 potentiates Wnt-β-catenin signaling without sequestering E3 ligases. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/660/eaaz4051. [PMID: 33262293 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
LGR4 and LGR5 encode two homologous receptors with critical, yet distinct, roles in organ development and adult stem cell survival. Both receptors are coexpressed in intestinal crypt stem cells, bind to R-spondins (RSPOs) with high affinity, and potentiate Wnt-β-catenin signaling, presumably by the same mechanism: forming RSPO-bridged complexes with the E3 ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3 to inhibit ubiquitylation of Wnt receptors. However, direct evidence for RSPO-bound, full-length LGR5 interacting with these E3 ligases in whole cells has not been reported, and only LGR4 is essential for the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells. Here, we examined the mechanisms of action of LGR4 and LGR5 in parallel using coimmunoprecipitation, proximity ligation, competition binding, and time-resolved FRET assays in whole cells. Full-length LGR4 formed a tight complex with ZNRF3 and RNF43 even without RSPO, whereas LGR5 did not interact with either E3 ligase with or without RSPO. Domain-swapping experiments with LGR4 and LGR5 revealed that the seven-transmembrane domain of LGR4 conferred interaction with the E3 ligases. Native LGR4 and LGR5 existed as dimers on the cell surface, and LGR5 interacted with both FZD and LRP6 of the Wnt signalosome to enhance LRP6 phosphorylation and potentiate Wnt-β-catenin signaling. These findings provide a molecular basis for the weaker activity of LGR5 in the potentiation of Wnt signaling that may underlie the distinct roles of LGR4 and LGR5 in organ development, as well as the self-renewal and fitness of adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Park
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianghua Tu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wangsheng Yu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yukimatsu Toh
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kendra S Carmon
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingyun J Liu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Lai S, Cheng R, Gao D, Chen YG, Deng C. LGR5 constitutively activates NF-κB signaling to regulate the growth of intestinal crypts. FASEB J 2020; 34:15605-15620. [PMID: 33001511 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001329r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian LGR5 and LGR4, markers of adult stem cells, are involved in many physiological functions by enhancing WNT signaling. However, whether LGR5 and LGR4 are coupled to other intracellular signaling pathways to regulate stem cell function remains unknown. Here, we show that LGR5 and LGR4 can constitutively activate NF-κB signaling in a ligand-independent manner, which is dependent on their C-termini, but independent of receptor endocytosis. Moreover, the C-termini of LGR5/4 interact with TROY, which is required for activating NF-κB signaling. In small intestinal crypt organoids, overexpression of a C-terminal deletion mutant of LGR5 inhibits the growth and bud formation of organoids, whereas overexpression of the R-spondin-binding mutant of LGR5 that is defective for WNT signaling can still promote organoid growth. Our study reveals that NF-κB signaling, regulated by LGR5 and LGR4, plays an important role in the survival of colon cancer cells and the growth of intestinal crypts. Our findings also suggest that LGR5/4-induced NF-κB signaling and WNT signaling may co-regulate the growth of LGR5+ adult stem cells and intestinal crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Huang CK, Dai D, Xie H, Zhu Z, Hu J, Su M, Liu M, Lu L, Shen W, Ning G, Wang J, Zhang R, Yan X. Lgr4 Governs a Pro-Inflammatory Program in Macrophages to Antagonize Post-Infarction Cardiac Repair. Circ Res 2020; 127:953-973. [PMID: 32600176 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Macrophages are critically involved in wound healing following myocardial infarction (MI). Lgr4, a member of LGR (leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor) family, is emerging as a regulator of macrophage-associated immune responses. However, the contribution of Lgr4 to macrophage phenotype and function in the context of MI remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of macrophage Lgr4 in MI and to dissect the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS During early inflammatory phase of MI, infarct macrophages rather than neutrophils expressed high level of Lgr4. Macrophage-specific Lgr4 knockout mice had no baseline cardiovascular defects but manifested improved heart function, modestly reduced infarct size, decreased early mortality due to cardiac rupture, and ameliorated adverse remodeling after MI. Improved outcomes in macrophage-specific Lgr4 knockout mice subjected to MI were associated with mitigated ischemic injury and optimal infarct healing, as determined by reduction of cardiac apoptosis in the peri-infarct zone, attenuation of local myocardial inflammatory response, decrease of matrix metalloproteinase expression in the infarct, enhancement of angiogenesis, myofibroblast proliferation, and collagen I deposition in reparative granulation tissue as well as formation of collagen-rich scar. More importantly, macrophage-specific Lgr4 knockout infarcts had reduced numbers of infiltrating leukocytes and inflammatory macrophages but harbored abundant reparative macrophage subsets. Lgr4-null infarct macrophages exhibited a less inflammatory transcriptional signature. These findings were further supported by transcriptomic profiling data showing repression of multiple pathways and broad-spectrum genes associated with proinflammatory responses in macrophage-specific Lgr4 knockout infarcts. Notably, we discovered that Lgr4-mediated functional phenotype programing in infarct macrophages was at least partly attributed to regulation of AP (activator protein)-1 activity. We further demonstrated that the synergistic effects of Lgr4 on AP-1 activation in inflammatory macrophages occurred via enhancing CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)-mediated c-Fos, Fosl1, and Fosb transactivation. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data highlight the significance of Lgr4 in governing proinflammatory phenotype of infarct macrophages and postinfarction repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Daopeng Dai
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongyang Xie
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Su
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, PR China (M.S.)
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, PR China (M.L.)
| | - Lin Lu
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N., J.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.N., J.W.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- From the Department of Cardiology (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (C.-K.H., D.D., H.X., Z.Z., J.H., L.L., W.S., R.Z., X.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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26
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Fernandez Vallone V, Leprovots M, Ribatallada‐Soriano D, Gerbier R, Lefort A, Libert F, Vassart G, Garcia M. LGR5 controls extracellular matrix production by stem cells in the developing intestine. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49224. [PMID: 32468660 PMCID: PMC7332981 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lgr5 receptor is a marker of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that regulates Wnt/b-catenin signaling. In this study, phenotype analysis of knockin/knockout Lgr5-eGFP-IRES-Cre and Lgr5-DTReGFP embryos reveals that Lgr5 deficiency during Wnt-mediated cytodifferentiation results in amplification of ISCs and early differentiation into Paneth cells, which can be counteracted by in utero treatment with the Wnt inhibitor LGK974. Conditional ablation of Lgr5 postnatally, but not in adults, alters stem cell fate toward the Paneth lineage. Together, these in vivo studies suggest that Lgr5 is part of a feedback loop to adjust the Wnt tone in ISCs. Moreover, transcriptome analyses reveal that Lgr5 controls fetal ISC maturation associated with acquisition of a definitive stable epithelial phenotype, as well as the capacity of ISCs to generate their own extracellular matrix. Finally, using the ex vivo culture system, evidences are provided that Lgr5 antagonizes the Rspondin 2-Wnt-mediated response in ISCs in organoids, revealing a sophisticated regulatory process for Wnt signaling in ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fernandez Vallone
- Faculty of MedicineInstitut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM)Université Libre de Bruxelles ULBBrusselsBelgium
- Present address:
1 Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Morgane Leprovots
- Faculty of MedicineInstitut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM)Université Libre de Bruxelles ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Didac Ribatallada‐Soriano
- Faculty of MedicineInstitut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM)Université Libre de Bruxelles ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Romain Gerbier
- Faculty of MedicineInstitut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM)Université Libre de Bruxelles ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Anne Lefort
- Faculty of MedicineInstitut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM)Université Libre de Bruxelles ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Frédérick Libert
- Faculty of MedicineInstitut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM)Université Libre de Bruxelles ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Gilbert Vassart
- Faculty of MedicineInstitut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM)Université Libre de Bruxelles ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Marie‐Isabelle Garcia
- Faculty of MedicineInstitut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM)Université Libre de Bruxelles ULBBrusselsBelgium
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27
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Mancini A, Howard SR, Marelli F, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR, Sternberg MJ, Leprovots M, Hadjidemetriou I, Monti E, David A, Wehkalampi K, Oleari R, Lettieri A, Vezzoli V, Vassart G, Cariboni A, Bonomi M, Garcia MI, Guasti L, Dunkel L. LGR4 deficiency results in delayed puberty through impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133434. [PMID: 32493844 PMCID: PMC7308048 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of puberty is driven by an upsurge in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. In turn, GnRH secretion upsurge depends on the development of a complex GnRH neuroendocrine network during embryonic life. Although delayed puberty (DP) affects up to 2% of the population, is highly heritable, and is associated with adverse health outcomes, the genes underlying DP remain largely unknown. We aimed to discover regulators by whole-exome sequencing of 160 individuals of 67 multigenerational families in our large, accurately phenotyped DP cohort. LGR4 was the only gene remaining after analysis that was significantly enriched for potentially pathogenic, rare variants in 6 probands. Expression analysis identified specific Lgr4 expression at the site of GnRH neuron development. LGR4 mutant proteins showed impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling, owing to defective protein expression, trafficking, and degradation. Mice deficient in Lgr4 had significantly delayed onset of puberty and fewer GnRH neurons compared with WT, whereas lgr4 knockdown in zebrafish embryos prevented formation and migration of GnRH neurons. Further, genetic lineage tracing showed strong Lgr4-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation during GnRH neuron development. In conclusion, our results show that LGR4 deficiency impairs Wnt/β-catenin signaling with observed defects in GnRH neuron development, resulting in a DP phenotype. Defects of LGR4/Wnt-β-catenin activity compromise the development of the GnRH neuroendocrine network, resulting in delayed onset of puberty in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mancini
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha R Howard
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Marelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, and.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, and.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Je Sternberg
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Hadjidemetriou
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Monti
- St George's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia David
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karoliina Wehkalampi
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Vezzoli
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Dunkel
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Jin YR, Han XH, Nishimori K, Ben-Avraham D, Oh YJ, Shim JW, Yoon JK. Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Activated by WNT9b and RSPO2 Cooperation Regulates Facial Morphogenesis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:264. [PMID: 32457899 PMCID: PMC7225269 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The R-spondin (RSPO) family of proteins potentiate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and may provide a mechanism to fine-tune the strength of canonical WNT signaling. Although several in vitro studies have clearly demonstrated the potentiation of canonical WNT signaling by RSPOs, whether this potentiation actually occurs in normal development and tissue function in vivo still remains poorly understood. Here, we provide clear evidence of the potentiation of canonical WNT signaling by RSPO during mouse facial development by analyzing compound Wnt9b and Rspo2 gene knockout mice and utilizing ex vivo facial explants. Wnt9b;Rspo2 double mutant mice display facial defects and dysregulated gene expression pattern that are significantly more severe than and different from those of Wnt9b or Rspo2 null mutant mice. Furthermore, we found suggestive evidence that the LGR4/5/6 family of the RSPO receptors may play less critical roles in WNT9b:RSPO2 cooperation. Our results suggest that RSPO-induced cooperation is a key mechanism for fine-tuning canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in mouse facial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ri Jin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Xiang Hua Han
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dan Ben-Avraham
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Youn Jeong Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
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29
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Tocci JM, Felcher CM, García Solá ME, Kordon EC. R-spondin-mediated WNT signaling potentiation in mammary and breast cancer development. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1546-1559. [PMID: 32233118 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a secretory organ, which develops as a network of growing epithelial ducts composed of luminal and basal cells that invade the surrounding adipose tissue through a series of developmental cycles. Mammary stem cells (MaSCs) maintain an accurate tissue homeostasis, and their proliferation and cell fate determination are regulated by multiple hormones and local factors. The WNT pathway plays a critical role in controlling the enormous tissue expansion and remodeling during mammary gland development through the maintenance and differentiation of MaSCs, and its deregulation has been implicated in breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression. The R-spondins (RSPOs) are four secreted proteins that strongly enhance target cell sensitivity to WNT ligands. Moreover, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) 4-6 are considered obligate high-affinity receptors for RSPOs and have been described as stem cell markers. Importantly, elevated RSPO expression has been recently identified in several tumor types from patients, including BC, and it has been reported that they play a significant role in mammary tumor progression in experimental models. In this review, exploring our present knowledge, we summarize the role of the RSPO-LGR axis as a WNT-enhancing signaling cascade in the MaSC compartment and during the normal and neoplastic mammary gland development. In addition, we include an updated expression profile of the RSPOs and their action mediators at the cell membrane, the LGRs, and the ubiquitin-ligases ZNRF3/RNF43, in different BC subtypes. Finally and based on these data, we discuss the significance of tumor-associated alterations of these proteins and their potential use as molecular targets for detection and treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Tocci
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla M Felcher
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín E García Solá
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edith C Kordon
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Zhang M, Haughey M, Wang NY, Blease K, Kapoun AM, Couto S, Belka I, Hoey T, Groza M, Hartke J, Bennett B, Cain J, Gurney A, Benish B, Castiglioni P, Drew C, Lachowicz J, Carayannopoulos L, Nathan SD, Distler J, Brenner DA, Hariharan K, Cho H, Xie W. Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway through R-spondin 3 identifies an anti-fibrosis treatment strategy for multiple organs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229445. [PMID: 32160239 PMCID: PMC7065809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been implicated in human proliferative diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. The functions of β-catenin and several other components of this pathway have been investigated in fibrosis. However, the potential role of R-spondin proteins (RSPOs), enhancers of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, has not been described. A specific interventional strategy targeting this pathway for fibrosis remains to be defined. We developed monoclonal antibodies against members of the RSPO family (RSPO1, 2, and 3) and probed their potential function in fibrosis in vivo. We demonstrated that RSPO3 plays a critical role in the development of fibrosis in multiple organs. Specifically, an anti-RSPO3 antibody, OMP-131R10, when dosed therapeutically, attenuated fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis, bleomycin-induced pulmonary and skin fibrosis models. Mechanistically, we showed that RSPO3 induces multiple pro-fibrotic chemokines and cytokines in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. We found that the anti-fibrotic activity of OMP-131R10 is associated with its inhibition of β-catenin activation in vivo. Finally, RSPO3 was found to be highly elevated in the active lesions of fibrotic tissues in mouse models of fibrosis and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Together these data provide an anti-fibrotic strategy for targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through RSPO3 blockade and support that OMP-131R10 could be an important therapeutic agent for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhang
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Haughey
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Nai-Yu Wang
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Kate Blease
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Kapoun
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City, CA, United States of America
| | - Suzana Couto
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Igor Belka
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Timothy Hoey
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Groza
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - James Hartke
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Brydon Bennett
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Cain
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City, CA, United States of America
| | - Austin Gurney
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City, CA, United States of America
| | - Brent Benish
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Clifton Drew
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Jean Lachowicz
- Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, United States of America
| | | | - Steven D. Nathan
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
| | - Jorg Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Ho Cho
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Weilin Xie
- Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Li S, Lavrijsen M, Bakker A, Magierowski M, Magierowska K, Liu P, Wang W, Peppelenbosch MP, Smits R. Commonly observed RNF43 mutations retain functionality in attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and unlikely confer Wnt-dependency onto colorectal cancers. Oncogene 2020; 39:3458-3472. [PMID: 32103169 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated RNF43 mutations lead to activation of β-catenin signaling through aberrantly increasing Wnt-receptor levels at the membrane. Importantly, inactivating RNF43 mutations have been suggested to render cancer cells sensitive to Wnt-based therapeutics. However, the extent to which RNF43 mutations lead to impaired regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been poorly investigated. Here, we observed that tumors with a functional mismatch repair system show a predominant 5'-location of truncating RNF43 mutations, suggesting C-terminal truncations such as the most commonly reported p.G659fs mutation, do not affect β-catenin signaling. In accordance, expressing C-terminal truncation mutants and wild-type RNF43, showed equal effects on β-catenin signaling, Wnt-receptor turnover, and DVL-binding. We confirmed these observations at endogenous levels by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of G659fs RNF43 expression in KM12 cells and generating comparable mutations in HEK293T cells. We could not confirm previous reports linking RNF43 to p53 and E-cadherin breakdown. Our data also suggest that only colorectal cancer cells harboring N-terminal mutations of RNF43 convey Wnt-dependency onto the tumor cells. Results of this study have potentially important clinical implications indicating that Wnt-based therapeutics should be applied cautiously in cancer patients harboring RNF43 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marla Lavrijsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aron Bakker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Chen Y, Renfree MB. Hormonal and Molecular Regulation of Phallus Differentiation in a Marsupial Tammar Wallaby. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010106. [PMID: 31963388 PMCID: PMC7017150 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies in phalluses caused by endocrine disruptors have gained a great deal of attention due to its annual increasing rate in males. However, the endocrine-driven molecular regulatory mechanism of abnormal phallus development is complex and remains largely unknown. Here, we review the direct effect of androgen and oestrogen on molecular regulation in phalluses using the marsupial tammar wallaby, whose phallus differentiation occurs after birth. We summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying phallus differentiation mediated by sonic hedgehog (SHH) at day 50 pp and phallus elongation mediated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), as well as multiple phallus-regulating genes expressed after day 50 pp. We also identify hormone-responsive long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are co-expressed with their neighboring coding genes. We show that the activation of SHH and IGF1, mediated by balanced androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) signalling, initiates a complex regulatory network in males to constrain the timing of phallus differentiation and to activate the downstream genes that maintain urethral closure and phallus elongation at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Marilyn B. Renfree
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (M.B.R.)
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33
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Alvarado-Ortiz E, Sarabia-Sánchez MÁ, García-Carrancá A. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Functions of Cellular Markers Associated with the Phenotype of Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:405-420. [PMID: 30147013 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180821154752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) generally constitute a minor cellular population within tumors that exhibits some capacities of normal Stem Cells (SC). The existence of CSC, able to self-renew and differentiate, influences central aspects of tumor biology, in part because they can continue tumor growth, give rise to metastasis, and acquire drug and radioresistance, which open new avenues for therapeutics. It is well known that SC constantly interacts with their niche, which includes mesenchymal cells, extracellular ligands, and the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM). These interactions regularly lead to homeostasis and maintenance of SC characteristics. However, the exact participation of each of these components for CSC maintenance is not clear, as they appear to be context- or cell-specific. In the recent past, surface cellular markers have been fundamental molecular tools for identifying CSC and distinguishing them from other tumor cells. Importantly, some of these cellular markers have been shown to possess functional roles that affect central aspects of CSC. Likewise, some of these markers can participate in regulating the interaction of CSC with their niche, particularly the ECM. We focused this review on the molecular mechanisms of surface cellular markers commonly employed to identify CSC, highlighting the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in CSC-ECM interactions, through each of the cellular markers commonly used in the study of CSC, such as CD44, CD133, CD49f, CD24, CXCR4, and LGR5. Their presence does not necessarily implicate them in CSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.,Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico & Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Á Sarabia-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico & Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, , México City, México
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico & Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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34
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Wei T, Choi S, Buehler D, Anderson RA, Lambert PF. A PI3K/AKT Scaffolding Protein, IQ Motif-Containing GTPase Associating Protein 1 (IQGAP1), Promotes Head and Neck Carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:301-311. [PMID: 31597661 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is frequently implicated in HNC. Recently, IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) was discovered to scaffold the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. IQGAP1 gene expression is increased in HNC, raising the hypothesis that IQGAP1 contributes to HNC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a combination of in vitro studies using human cancer cell lines treated with a cell-permeable peptide that interferes with IQGAP1's ability to bind to PI3K, and in vivo studies utilizing mice genetically knocked out for the Iqgap1 (Iqgap1 -/-). In vivo EGF stimulation assays were used to evaluate PI3K signaling. To study the role of IQGAP1 in HNC, we used a well-validated mouse model that drives HNC via a synthetic oral carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). RESULTS IQGAP1 is necessary for efficient PI3K signaling in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of IQGAP1-scaffolded PI3K/AKT signaling reduced HNC cell survival. Iqgap1 -/- mice had significantly lower cancer incidences, lesser disease severity, and fewer cancer foci. IQGAP1 protein levels were increased in HNC arising in Iqgap1+/+ mice. The level of PI3K signaling in 4NQO-induced HNC arising in Iqgap1 -/- mice was significantly reduced, consistent with the hypothesis that IQGAP1 contributes to HNC at least partly through PI3K signaling. High IQGAP1 expression correlated with reduced survival, and high pS6 levels correlated with high IQGAP1 levels in patients with HNC. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that IQGAP1 contributes to head and neck carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Suyong Choi
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Darya Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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35
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Raslan AA, Yoon JK. R-spondins: Multi-mode WNT signaling regulators in adult stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 106:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Li Z, Liu S, Lou J, Mulholland M, Zhang W. LGR4 protects hepatocytes from injury in mouse. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G123-G131. [PMID: 30406697 PMCID: PMC6383381 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00056.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat G protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) and their endogenous ligands R-spondin1-4 (Rspo) are critical in embryonic development and in maintenance of stem cells. The functions of the Rspo-LGR system in differentiated cells remain uncharacterized. In this study, the expression profiles of LGRs and Rspos were characterized in mature hepatocytes. A liver-specific knockout of LGR4 in mouse was generated and used to study hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury (HIRI) as well as lipopolysaccharide/ D- galactosamine (LPS/D-Gal)-induced liver injury. We have demonstrated that, in adult liver, LGR4 is expressed in hepatocytes and responds to Rspo1 with internalization. Rspo1 is responsive to various nutritional states and to mTOR signaling. Activation of LGR4 by Rspo1 significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced cell death, and levels of NF-κB-p65 and caspase-3 in cultured hepatocytes. Knockdown of hepatic LGR4 rendered hepatocytes more vulnerable to TNFα-induced damage in cultured primary cells and in the setting of HIRI and LPS/D-Gal-induced liver injury. Rspo1 potentiated both basal and Wnt3a-induced stabilization of β-catenin. Disruption of β-catenin signaling reversed the protective effects of Rspo1 on TNFα-induced hepatocyte toxicity. LGR4 knockdown increased nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 in response to acute injury. Overexpression of IKKβ attenuated the protective effects of Rspo1 on TNFα-induced cell death. In conclusion, the Rspo1-LGR4 system represents a novel pathway for cytoprotection and modulation of stress-induced tissue damage. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Functional LGR4 is present in mature hepatocytes. R-spodin1 protects hepatocytes from tumor necrosis factor-α-induced cell death. Liver-specific knockdown of LGR4 renders liver more susceptible to acute injury. LGR4 protects hepatocytes from injury by inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Li
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shiying Liu
- 2Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Lou
- 3Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Mulholland
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan,2Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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37
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Androgen and Oestrogen Affect the Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs During Phallus Development in a Marsupial. Noncoding RNA 2018; 5:ncrna5010003. [PMID: 30598023 PMCID: PMC6468475 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important for normal reproductive development, yet very few lncRNAs have been identified in phalluses so far. Unlike eutherians, phallus development in the marsupial tammar wallaby occurs post-natally, enabling manipulation not possible in eutherians in which differentiation occurs in utero. We treated with sex steroids to determine the effects of androgen and oestrogen on lncRNA expression during phallus development. Hormonal manipulations altered the coding and non-coding gene expression profile of phalluses. We identified several predicted co-regulatory lncRNAs that appear to be co-expressed with the hormone-responsive candidate genes regulating urethral closure and phallus growth, namely IGF1, AR and ESR1. Interestingly, more than 50% of AR-associated coding genes and lncRNAs were also associated with ESR1. In addition, we identified and validated three novel co-regulatory and hormone-responsive lncRNAs: lnc-BMP5, lnc-ZBTB16 and lncRSPO4. Lnc-BMP5 was detected in the urethral epithelium of male phalluses and was downregulated by oestrogen in males. Lnc-ZBTB16 was downregulated by oestrogen treatment in male phalluses at day 50 post-partum (pp). LncRSPO4 was downregulated by adiol treatment in female phalluses but increased in male phalluses after castration. Thus, the expression pattern and hormone responsiveness of these lncRNAs suggests a physiological role in the development of the phallus.
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38
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Xie Y, Zheng L, Tao L. Downregulation of IQGAP2 Correlates with Prostate Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:236-244. [PMID: 30428404 PMCID: PMC6232700 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IQGAP2 was recently reported as a tumor suppressor of prostate cancer (PC). Nonetheless, its clinical implications remain unknown. To address this issue, we extracted data related to IQGAP2 mRNA expression and genomic alterations from multiple large datasets within the Oncomine and cBioPortal databases and performed in silico analyses to determine a potential association of IQGAP2 mRNA expression and its genomic alterations with PC progression. In 4 cohorts consisting of 118 normal prostate tissues and 277 PCs, IQGAP2 mRNA expression was significantly elevated particularly in low-grade (primary Gleason score ≤3) PCs; these changes separate PC from normal tissues with area under curve values of 0.7-0.8. Significant reductions in IQGAP2 mRNA levels and gene copy number occurred in more than 70 metastases compared to at least 230 local PCs. This duo-alteration in IQGAP2 expression supports IQGAP2 elevation suppressing and its downregulation facilitating PC progression. Deletion and missense mutations were detected in 23 of 492 primary PCs; these alterations significantly associate with PC recurrence (HR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.35-5.44; P=.005) after adjusting for known risk factors and correlate with reductions in disease-free survival (DFS, P=.002). IQGAP2 (5q13.3) genomic alterations were observed in SPOP-marked PCs and co-occurred with deletion in the RN7SK (16p12.2), SNORA50A (16q21), and SNORA50C (17q23.3) genes; the co-occurrence associated with reductions in DFS (P=4.14e-4). In two independent PC populations, MSKCC (n=130) and TCGA provisional (n=490), reductions in IQGAP2 mRNA expression were significantly associated with DFS. Collectively, this investigation reveals an association of IQGAP2 with PC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China.
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
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Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase Using Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090278. [PMID: 30134553 PMCID: PMC6162372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed and activated in many human cancers. FAK transmits signals to a wide range of targets through both kinase-dependant and independent mechanism thereby playing essential roles in cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. In the past years, small molecules that inhibit FAK kinase function have been developed and show reduced cancer progression and metastasis in several preclinical models. Clinical trials have been conducted and these molecules display limited adverse effect in patients. FAK contain multiple functional domains and thus exhibit both important scaffolding functions. In this review, we describe the major FAK interactions relevant in cancer signalling and discuss how such knowledge provide rational for the development of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) inhibitors.
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Tan B, Shi X, Zhang J, Qin J, Zhang N, Ren H, Qian M, Siwko S, Carmon K, Liu Q, Han H, Du B, Liu M. Inhibition of Rspo-Lgr4 Facilitates Checkpoint Blockade Therapy by Switching Macrophage Polarization. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4929-4942. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Park S, Cui J, Yu W, Wu L, Carmon KS, Liu QJ. Differential activities and mechanisms of the four R-spondins in potentiating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9759-9769. [PMID: 29752411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The four R-spondins (RSPO1-4) strongly potentiate Wnt signaling and play critical roles in normal development, adult stem cell survival, and cancer development and aggressiveness. All four RSPOs have been suggested to potentiate Wnt signaling by binding to three related receptors, i.e. leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptors 4, 5, and 6 (LGR4/5/6), and then inducing the clearance of two E3 ubiquitin ligases (RNF43 and ZNRF3) that otherwise would ubiquitinate Wnt receptors for degradation. Here, we show that RSPO1-4 have differential dependence on LGRs in potentiating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and that RSPO2 can enhance this pathway without any LGR. LGR4 knockout (LGR4KO) in HEK293 cells completely abrogated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling response to RSPO1 and RSPO4 and strongly impaired the response to RSPO3. RSPO2, however, retained robust activity albeit with decreased potency. Complete rescue of RSPO1-4 activity in LGR4KO cells required the seven-transmembrane domain of LGR4. Furthermore, an RSPO2 mutant with normal binding affinity to ZNRF3 but no or little binding to LGR4 or LGR5 still potentiated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro, supported the growth of intestinal organoids ex vivo, and stimulated intestinal crypt growth in vivo Mechanistically, RSPO2 could increase Wnt receptor levels in the absence of any LGR without affecting ZNRF3 endocytosis and stability. These findings suggest that RSPO1-4 use distinct mechanisms in regulating Wnt and other signaling pathways, which have important implications for understanding the pleiotropic functions of RSPOs and LGRs in both normal and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Park
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Jie Cui
- Wntrix, Inc., Houston, Texas 77021
| | - Wangsheng Yu
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Ling Wu
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Kendra S Carmon
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Qingyun J Liu
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
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Wnt, RSPO and Hippo Signalling in the Intestine and Intestinal Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010020. [PMID: 29316729 PMCID: PMC5793173 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we address aspects of Wnt, R-Spondin (RSPO) and Hippo signalling, in both healthy and transformed intestinal epithelium. In intestinal stem cells (ISCs), the Wnt pathway is essential for intestinal crypt formation and renewal, whereas RSPO-mediated signalling mainly affects ISC numbers. In human colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrant Wnt signalling is the driving mechanism initiating this type of neoplasia. The signalling role of the RSPO-binding transmembrane proteins, the leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs), is possibly more pleiotropic and not only limited to the enhancement of Wnt signalling. There is growing evidence for multiple crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt/β-catenin signalling. In the ON state, Hippo signalling results in serine/threonine phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (YAP1) and tafazzin (TAZ), promoting formation of the β-catenin destruction complex. In contrast, YAP1 or TAZ dephosphorylation (and YAP1 methylation) results in β-catenin destruction complex deactivation and β-catenin nuclear localization. In the Hippo OFF state, YAP1 and TAZ are engaged with the nuclear β-catenin and participate in the β-catenin-dependent transcription program. Interestingly, YAP1/TAZ are dispensable for intestinal homeostasis; however, upon Wnt pathway hyperactivation, the proteins together with TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors drive the transcriptional program essential for intestinal cell transformation. In addition, in many CRC cells, YAP1 phosphorylation by YES proto-oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase (YES1) leads to the formation of a transcriptional complex that includes YAP1, β-catenin and T-box 5 (TBX5) DNA-binding protein. YAP1/β-catenin/T-box 5-mediated transcription is necessary for CRC cell proliferation and survival. Interestingly, dishevelled (DVL) appears to be an important mediator involved in both Wnt and Hippo (YAP1/TAZ) signalling and some of the DVL functions were assigned to the nuclear DVL pool. Wnt ligands can trigger alternative signalling that directly involves some of the Hippo pathway components such as YAP1, TAZ and TEADs. By upregulating Wnt pathway agonists, the alternative Wnt signalling can inhibit the canonical Wnt pathway activity.
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Vert A, Castro J, Ribó M, Vilanova M, Benito A. Transcriptional profiling of NCI/ADR-RES cells unveils a complex network of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:221-237. [PMID: 29379303 PMCID: PMC5757493 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all the gynecological cancers. This is mostly due to the resistance of ovarian cancer to current chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with chemoresistance. Methods NCI/ADR-RES is a multidrug-resistant cell line that is a model for the study of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. We carried out a microarray-derived transcriptional profiling analysis of NCI/ADR-RES to identify differentially expressed genes relative to its parental OVCAR-8. Results Gene-expression profiling has allowed the identification of genes and pathways that may be important for the development of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. The NCI/ADR-RES cell line has differential expression of genes involved in drug extrusion, inactivation, and efficacy, as well as genes involved in the architectural and functional reorganization of the extracellular matrix. These genes are controlled through different signaling pathways, including MAPK–Akt, Wnt, and Notch. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of using orthogonal therapies that target completely independent pathways to overcome mechanisms of resistance to both classical chemotherapeutic agents and molecularly targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vert
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Castro
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
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The Wnt Signaling Landscape of Mammary Stem Cells and Breast Tumors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:271-298. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Kim HA, Heo SG, Park JW, Jung YO. Novel Genetic Variants Associated with Lumbar Spondylosis in Koreans : A Genome-Wide Association Study. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2017; 61:66-74. [PMID: 29354237 PMCID: PMC5769851 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2016.0910.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility genes responsible for lumbar spondylosis (LS) in Korean patients. Methods Data from 1427 subjects were made available for radiographic grading and genome wide association studies (GWAS) analysis. Lateral lumbar spine radiographs were obtained and the various degrees of degenerative change were semi-quantitatively scored. A pilot GWAS was performed using the AffymetrixGenome-Wide Human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 500K array. A total of 352228 SNPs were analyzed and the association between the SNPs and case-control status was analyzed by stepwise logistic regression analyses. Results The top 100 SNPs with a cutoff p-value of less than 3.7×10-4 were selected for joint space narrowing, while a cutoff p-value of 6.0×10-4 was applied to osteophytes and the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) osteoarthritis grade. The SNPs with the strongest effect on disc space narrowing, osteophytes, and K-L grade were serine incorporator 1 (rs155467, odds ratio [OR]=17.58, p=1.6×10-4), stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM1, rs210781, OR=5.53, p=5×10-4), and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C (rs11224760, OR=3.99, p=4.8×10-4), respectively. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 was significantly associated with both disc space narrowing and osteophytes (rs1979400, OR=2.01, p=1.1×10-4 for disc space narrowing, OR=1.79, p=3×10-4 for osteophytes), while zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7C was significantly and negatively associated with both osteophytes and a K-L grade >2 (rs12457004,OR=0.25, p=5.8×10-4 and OR=0.27, p=5.3×10-4, respectively). Conclusion We identified SNPs that potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of LS. This is the first report of a GWAS in an Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Seong Gu Heo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Wan Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Ok Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Yue Z, Yuan Z, Zeng L, Wang Y, Lai L, Li J, Sun P, Xue X, Qi J, Yang Z, Zheng Y, Fang Y, Li D, Siwko S, Li Y, Luo J, Liu M. LGR4 modulates breast cancer initiation, metastasis, and cancer stem cells. FASEB J 2017; 32:2422-2437. [PMID: 29269400 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700897r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fourth member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCR family (LGR4, frequently referred to as GPR48) and its cognate ligands, R-spondins (RSPOs) play crucial roles in the development of multiple organs as well as the survival of adult stem cells by activation of canonical Wnt signaling. Wnt/β-catenin signaling acts to regulate breast cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms determining its spatiotemporal regulation are largely unknown. In this study, we identified LGR4 as a master controller of Wnt/β-catenin signaling-mediated breast cancer tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. LGR4 expression in breast tumors correlated with poor prognosis. Either Lgr4 haploinsufficiency or mammary-specific deletion inhibited mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)- PyMT- and MMTV- Wnt1-driven mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Moreover, LGR4 down-regulation decreased in vitro migration and in vivo xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis. Furthermore, Lgr4 deletion in MMTV- Wnt1 tumor cells or knockdown in human breast cancer cells decreased the number of functional CSCs by ∼90%. Canonical Wnt signaling was impaired in LGR4-deficient breast cancer cells, and LGR4 knockdown resulted in increased E-cadherin and decreased expression of N-cadherin and snail transcription factor -2 ( SNAI2) (also called SLUG), implicating LGR4 in regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our findings support a crucial role of the Wnt signaling component LGR4 in breast cancer initiation, metastasis, and breast CSCs.-Yue, Z., Yuan, Z., Zeng, L., Wang, Y., Lai, L., Li, J., Sun, P., Xue, X., Qi, J., Yang, Z., Zheng, Y., Fang, Y., Li, D., Siwko, S., Li, Y., Luo, J., Liu, M. LGR4 modulates breast cancer initiation, metastasis, and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengjin Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Lai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Li
- East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwen Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yansen Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhang Fang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
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Xu Y, Zhou T, Shao L, Zhang B, Liu K, Gao C, Gao L, Liu J, Cui Y, Chian RC. Gene expression profiles in mouse cumulus cells derived from in vitro matured oocytes with and without blastocyst formation. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 25-26:46-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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Zhou M, Guo S, Yuan L, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Chen H, Lu M, Yang J, Ma J. Blockade of LGR4 inhibits proliferation and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papillae. J Mol Histol 2017; 48:389-401. [PMID: 28986711 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During tooth root development, stem cells from apical papillae (SCAPs) are indispensable, and their abilities of proliferation, migration and odontoblast differentiation are linked to root formation. Leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCR 4 (LGR4) modulates the biological processes of proliferation and differentiation in multiple stem cells. In this study, we showed that LGR4 is expressed in all odontoblast cell lineage cells and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) during the mouse root formation in vivo. In vitro we determined that LGR4 is involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulating proliferation and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that LGR4 is expressed during odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. CCK8 assays and in vitro scratch tests, together with cell cycle flow cytometric analysis, demonstrated that downregulation of LGR4 inhibited SCAPs proliferation, delayed migration and arrested cell cycle progression at the S and G2/M phases. ALP staining revealed that blockade of LGR4 decreased ALP activity. QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that LGR4 silencing reduced the expression of odonto/osteogenic markers (RUNX2, OSX, OPN, OCN and DSPP). Further Western blot and immunofluorescence studies clarified that inhibition of LGR4 disrupted β-catenin stabilization. Taken together, downregulation of LGR4 gene expression inhibited SCAPs proliferation, migration and odonto/osteogenic differentiation by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results indicate that LGR4 might play a vital role in SCAPs proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lichan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Mengnan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Mengting Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Carmon KS, Gong X, Yi J, Wu L, Thomas A, Moore CM, Masuho I, Timson DJ, Martemyanov KA, Liu QJ. LGR5 receptor promotes cell-cell adhesion in stem cells and colon cancer cells via the IQGAP1-Rac1 pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14989-15001. [PMID: 28739799 PMCID: PMC5592675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein–coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a bona fide marker of adult stem cells in several epithelial tissues, most notably in the intestinal crypts, and is highly up-regulated in many colorectal, hepatocellular, and ovarian cancers. LGR5 activation by R-spondin (RSPO) ligands potentiates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro; however, deletion of LGR5 in stem cells has little or no effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling or cell proliferation in vivo. Remarkably, modulation of LGR5 expression has a major impact on the actin cytoskeletal structure and cell adhesion in the absence of RSPO stimulation, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that LGR5 interacts with IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), an effector of Rac1/CDC42 GTPases, in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell–cell adhesion. Specifically, LGR5 decreased levels of IQGAP1 phosphorylation at Ser-1441/1443, leading to increased binding of Rac1 to IQGAP1 and thus higher levels of cortical F-actin and enhanced cell–cell adhesion. LGR5 ablation in colon cancer cells and crypt stem cells resulted in loss of cortical F-actin, reduced cell–cell adhesion, and disrupted localization of adhesion-associated proteins. No evidence of LGR5 coupling to any of the four major subtypes of heterotrimeric G proteins was found. These findings suggest that LGR5 primarily functions via the IQGAP1–Rac1 pathway to strengthen cell–cell adhesion in normal adult crypt stem cells and colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra S Carmon
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xing Gong
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jing Yi
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ling Wu
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Anthony Thomas
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Catherine M Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and
| | - David J Timson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Ireland, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and
| | - Qingyun J Liu
- From the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030,
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Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) is produced in a broad spectrum of mouse embryonic and adult tissues and its deficiency results in embryonal or perinatal lethality. The LGR4 function was mainly related to its potentiation of canonical Wnt signaling; however, several recent studies associate LGR4 with additional signaling pathways. To obtain a suitable tool for studying the signaling properties of Lgr4, we generated a tagged variant of the Lgr4 receptor using gene targeting in the mouse oocyte. The modified Lgr4 allele expresses the Lgr4 protein fused with a triple hemagglutinin (3HA) tag located at the extracellular part of the protein. The allele is fully functional, enabling tracking of Lgr4 expression in the mouse tissues. We also show that via surface labeling, the 3HA tag allows direct isolation and analysis of living Lgr4-positive cells obtained from the small intestinal crypts. Finally, the HA tag-specific antibody can be employed to characterize the biochemical features of Lgr4 and to identify possible biding partners of the protein in cells derived from various mouse tissues.
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