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Białek W, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Czechowicz P, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Czogalla A, Bartoszewski R. The lipid side of unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159515. [PMID: 38844203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation of either protein or lipid homeostasis profoundly affects the other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on the causes and consequences of disrupted protein folding. The UPR itself consists of very complex pathways that function to not only maintain protein homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate lipid biogenesis to allow the ER to adjust and promote cell survival. Lipid dysregulation is known to activate many aspects of the UPR, but the complexity of this crosstalk remains a major research barrier. ER lipid disequilibrium and lipotoxicity are known to be important contributors to numerous human pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Despite their medical significance and continuous research, however, the molecular mechanisms that modulate lipid synthesis during ER stress conditions, and their impact on cell fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize the current view on crosstalk and connections between altered lipid metabolism, ER stress, and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Czechowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Gudyka J, Ceja-Vega J, Krmic M, Porteus R, Lee S. The Role of Lipid Intrinsic Curvature in the Droplet Interface Bilayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11428-11435. [PMID: 38764431 PMCID: PMC11155247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Model bilayers are constructed from lipids having different intrinsic curvatures using the droplet interface bilayer (DIB) method, and their static physicochemical properties are determined. Geometrical and tensiometric measurements are used to derive the free energy of formation (ΔF) of a two-droplet DIB relative to a pair of isolated aqueous droplets, each decorated with a phospholipid monolayer. The lipid molecules employed have different headgroup sizes but identical hydrophobic tail structure, and each is characterized by an intrinsic curvature value (c0) that increases in absolute value with decreasing size of headgroup. Mixtures of lipids at different ratios were also investigated. The role of curvature stress on the values of ΔF of the respective lipid bilayers in these model membranes is discussed and is illuminated by the observation of a decrement in ΔF that scales as a near linear function of c02. Overall, the results reveal an association that should prove useful in studies of ion channels and other membrane proteins embedded in model droplet bilayer systems that will impact the understanding of protein function in cellular membranes composed of lipids of high and low curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Gudyka
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Iona University, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Jasmin Ceja-Vega
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Iona University, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Michael Krmic
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Iona University, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Riley Porteus
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Iona University, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
| | - Sunghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Iona University, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
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3
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Foster J, McPhee M, Yue L, Dellaire G, Pelech S, Ridgway ND. Lipid- and phospho-regulation of CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase α association with nuclear lipid droplets. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar33. [PMID: 38170618 PMCID: PMC10916874 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids stored in triacylglycerol-rich lipid droplets are assembled with a surface monolayer composed primarily of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Fatty acids stimulate PC synthesis by translocating CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) α to the inner nuclear membrane, nuclear lipid droplets (nLD) and lipid associated promyelocytic leukemia (PML) structures (LAPS). Huh7 cells were used to identify how CCTα translocation onto these nuclear structures are regulated by fatty acids and phosphorylation of its serine-rich P-domain. Oleate treatment of Huh7 cells increased nLDs and LAPS that became progressively enriched in CCTα. In cells expressing the phosphatidic acid phosphatase Lipin1α or 1β, the expanded pool of nLDs and LAPS had a proportional increase in associated CCTα. In contrast, palmitate induced few nLDs and LAPS and inhibited the oleate-dependent translocation of CCTα without affecting total nLDs. Phospho-memetic or phospho-null mutations in the P-domain revealed that a 70% phosphorylation threshold, rather than site-specific phosphorylation, regulated CCTα association with nLDs and LAPS. In vitro candidate kinase and inhibitor studies in Huh7 cells identified cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1 and 2 as putative P-domain kinases. In conclusion, CCTα translocation onto nLDs and LAPS is dependent on available surface area and fatty acid composition, as well as threshold phosphorylation of the P-domain potentially involving CDKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Foster
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, and
| | - Michael McPhee
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, and
| | - Lambert Yue
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H4R2
| | - Steven Pelech
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5
- Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6P 6T3
| | - Neale D. Ridgway
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, and
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Zhao J, He C, Fan X, Wang L, Zhao L, Liu H, Shen W, Jiang S, Pei K, Gao J, Qi Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhang R, Lu C, Tong J, Huai J. Tripeptidyl peptidase II coordinates the homeostasis of calcium and lipids in the central nervous system and its depletion causes presenile dementia in female mice through calcium/lipid dyshomeostasis-induced autophagic degradation of CYP19A1. Theranostics 2024; 14:1390-1429. [PMID: 38389851 PMCID: PMC10879859 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP2) has been proven to be related to human immune and neurological diseases. It is generally considered as a cytosolic protein which forms the largest known protease complex in eukaryotic cells to operate mostly downstream of proteasomes for degradation of longer peptides. However, this canonical function of TPP2 cannot explain its role in a wide variety of biological and pathogenic processes. The mechanistic interrelationships and hierarchical order of these processes have yet to be clarified. Methods: Animals, cells, plasmids, and viruses established and/or used in this study include: TPP2 knockout mouse line, TPP2 conditional knockout mouse lines (different neural cell type oriented), TRE-TPP2 knockin mouse line on the C57BL/6 background; 293T cells with depletion of TPP2, ATF6, IRE1, PERK, SYVN1, UCHL1, ATG5, CEPT1, or CCTα, respectively; 293T cells stably expressing TPP2, TPP2 S449A, TPP2 S449T, or CCTα-KDEL proteins on the TPP2-depleted background; Plasmids for eukaryotic transient expression of rat CYP19A1-Flag, CYP19A1 S118A-Flag, CYP19A1 S118D-Flag, Sac I ML GFP Strand 11 Long, OMMGFP 1-10, G-CEPIA1er, GCAMP2, CEPIA3mt, ACC-GFP, or SERCA1-GFP; AAV2 carrying the expression cassette of mouse CYP19A1-3 X Flag-T2A-ZsGreen. Techniques used in this study include: Flow cytometry, Immunofluorescence (IF) staining, Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, β-galactosidase staining, Lipid droplet (LD) staining, Calcium (Ca2+) staining, Stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging, Transmission electron microscopic imaging, Two-photon imaging, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end Labeling (TUNEL) assay, Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, Enzymatic activity assay, Proximity ligation assay (PLA), In vivo electrophysiological recording, Long-term potentiation (LTP) recording, Split-GFP-based mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) detection, Immunoprecipitation (IP), Cellular fractionation, In situ hybridization, Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Immunoblot, Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, metabolomics, proteomics, Primary hippocampal neuron culture and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Results: We found that TPP2, independent of its enzymatic activity, plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. In consistence with the critical importance of Ca2+ and PC in the CNS, TPP2 gene ablation causes presenile dementia in female mice, which is closely associated with Ca2+/PC dysregulation-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, abnormal autophagic degradation of CYP19A1 (aromatase), and estrogen depletion. This work therefore uncovers a new role of TPP2 in lipogenesis and neurosteroidogenesis which is tightly related to cognitive function of adult female mice. Conclusion: Our study reveals a crucial role of TPP2 in controlling homeostasis of Ca2+ and lipids in CNS, and its deficiency causes sexual dimorphism in dementia. Thus, this study is not only of great significance for elucidating the pathogenesis of dementia and its futural treatment, but also for interpreting the role of TPP2 in other systems and their related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Chengtong He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Liao Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Wujun Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Sanwei Jiang
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Noninvasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology & Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Kaixuan Pei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Yawei Qi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Noninvasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology & Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
- Senior author for electrophysiological experiments and related analysis
| | - Jia Tong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Jisen Huai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, PR China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
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Sosa Ponce ML, Remedios MH, Moradi-Fard S, Cobb JA, Zaremberg V. SIR telomere silencing depends on nuclear envelope lipids and modulates sensitivity to a lysolipid. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206061. [PMID: 37042812 PMCID: PMC10103788 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is important in maintaining genome organization. The role of lipids in communication between the NE and telomere regulation was investigated, including how changes in lipid composition impact gene expression and overall nuclear architecture. Yeast was treated with the non-metabolizable lysophosphatidylcholine analog edelfosine, known to accumulate at the perinuclear ER. Edelfosine induced NE deformation and disrupted telomere clustering but not anchoring. Additionally, the association of Sir4 at telomeres decreased. RNA-seq analysis showed altered expression of Sir-dependent genes located at sub-telomeric (0-10 kb) regions, consistent with Sir4 dispersion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that two lipid metabolic circuits were activated in response to edelfosine, one mediated by the membrane sensing transcription factors, Spt23/Mga2, and the other by a transcriptional repressor, Opi1. Activation of these transcriptional programs resulted in higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids and the formation of nuclear lipid droplets. Interestingly, cells lacking Sir proteins displayed resistance to unsaturated-fatty acids and edelfosine, and this phenotype was connected to Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Moradi-Fard
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Cobb
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Vanina Zaremberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Dymond MK. A Membrane Biophysics Perspective on the Mechanism of Alcohol Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37186813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Motivations for understanding the underlying mechanisms of alcohol toxicity range from economical to toxicological and clinical. On the one hand, acute alcohol toxicity limits biofuel yields, and on the other hand, acute alcohol toxicity provides a vital defense mechanism to prevent the spread of disease. Herein the role that stored curvature elastic energy (SCE) in biological membranes might play in alcohol toxicity is discussed, for both short and long-chain alcohols. Structure-toxicity relationships for alcohols ranging from methanol to hexadecanol are collated, and estimates of alcohol toxicity per alcohol molecule in the cell membrane are made. The latter reveal a minimum toxicity value per molecule around butanol before alcohol toxicity per molecule increases to a maximum around decanol and subsequently decreases again. The impact of alcohol molecules on the lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase transition temperature (TH) is then presented and used as a metric to assess the impact of alcohol molecules on SCE. This approach suggests the nonmonotonic relationship between alcohol toxicity and chain length is consistent with SCE being a target of alcohol toxicity. Finally, in vivo evidence for SCE-driven adaptations to alcohol toxicity in the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Dymond
- Chemistry Research and Enterprise Group, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
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7
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Dorighello G, McPhee M, Halliday K, Dellaire G, Ridgway N. Differential contributions of phosphotransferases CEPT1 and CHPT1 to phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and lipid droplet biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104578. [PMID: 36871755 PMCID: PMC10166788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CDP-choline (Kennedy) pathway culminates with the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (CEPT1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and PC synthesis by choline phosphotransferase 1 (CHPT1) in the Golgi apparatus. Whether the PC and PE synthesized by CEPT1 and CHPT1 in the ER and Golgi apparatus has different cellular functions has not been formally addressed. Here we used CRISPR editing to generate CEPT1-and CHPT1-knockout (KO) U2OS cells to assess the differential contribution of the enzymes to feed-back regulation of nuclear CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT)α, the rate-limiting enzyme in PC synthesis, and lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis. We found that CEPT1-KO cells had a 50% and 80% reduction in PC and PE synthesis, respectively, while PC synthesis in CHPT1-KO cells was also reduced by 50%. CEPT1 knockout caused the post-transcriptional induction of CCTα protein expression as well as its dephosphorylation and constitutive localization on the inner nuclear membrane and nucleoplasmic reticulum. This activated CCTα phenotype was prevented by incubating CEPT1-KO cells with PC liposomes to restore end-product inhibition. Additionally, we determined that CEPT1 was in close proximity to cytoplasmic LDs, and CEPT1 knockout resulted in the accumulation of small cytoplasmic LDs, as well as increased nuclear LDs enriched in CCTα. In contrast, CHPT1 knockout had no effect on CCTα regulation or LD biogenesis. Thus, CEPT1 and CHPT1 contribute equally to PC synthesis; however, only PC synthesized by CEPT1 in the ER regulates CCTα and the biogenesis of cytoplasmic and nuclear LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dorighello
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Michael McPhee
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Katie Halliday
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2; Depts of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - NealeD Ridgway
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2.
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8
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Fanani ML, Ambroggio EE. Phospholipases and Membrane Curvature: What Is Happening at the Surface? MEMBRANES 2023; 13:190. [PMID: 36837693 PMCID: PMC9965983 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this revision work, we emphasize the close relationship between the action of phospholipases and the modulation of membrane curvature and curvature stress resulting from this activity. The alteration of the tridimensional structure of membranes upon the action of phospholipases is analyzed based on studies on model lipid membranes. The transient unbalance of both compositional and physical membrane properties between the hemilayers upon phospholipase activity lead to curvature tension and the catalysis of several membrane-related processes. Several proteins' membrane-bound and soluble forms are susceptible to regulation by the curvature stress induced by phospholipase action, which has important consequences in cell signaling. Additionally, the modulation of membrane fusion by phospholipase products regulates membrane dynamics in several cellular scenarios. We commented on vesicle fusion in the Golgi-endoplasmic system, synaptic vesicle fusion to the plasma membrane, viral membrane fusion to host cell plasma membrane and gametes membrane fusion upon acrosomal reaction. Furthermore, we explored the modulation of membrane fusion by the asymmetric adsorption of amphiphilic drugs. A deep understanding of the relevance of lipid membrane structure, particularly membrane curvature and curvature stress, on different cellular events leads to the challenge of its regulation, which may become a powerful tool for pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Fanani
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Esteban Ambroggio
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
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9
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The Role of Pulmonary Surfactant Phospholipids in Fibrotic Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010326. [PMID: 36613771 PMCID: PMC9820286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) or Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of lung conditions with common characteristics that can progress to fibrosis. Within this group of pneumonias, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is considered the most common. This disease has no known cause, is devastating and has no cure. Chronic lesion of alveolar type II (ATII) cells represents a key mechanism for the development of IPF. ATII cells are specialized in the biosynthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant (PS), a lipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension and minimizes breathing effort. Some differences in PS composition have been reported between patients with idiopathic pulmonary disease and healthy individuals, especially regarding some specific proteins in the PS; however, few reports have been conducted on the lipid components. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which phospholipids (PLs) could be involved in the development of the fibroproliferative response.
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10
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Bozelli JC, Yune J, Aulakh SS, Cao Z, Fernandes A, Seitova A, Tong Y, Schreier S, Epand RM. Human Diacylglycerol Kinase ε N-Terminal Segment Regulates the Phosphatidylinositol Cycle, Controlling the Rate but Not the Acyl Chain Composition of Its Lipid Intermediates. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2495-2506. [PMID: 35767833 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase ε (DGKε), an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle, bears a highly conserved hydrophobic N-terminal segment, which was proposed to anchor the enzyme into the membrane. However, the importance of this segment to the DGKε function remains to be determined. To address this question, it is here reported an in silico and in vitro combined research strategy. Capitalizing on the AlphaFold 2.0 predicted structure of human DGKε, it is shown that its hydrophobic N-terminal segment anchors it into the membrane via a transmembrane α-helix. Coarse-grained based elastic network model studies showed that a conformational change in the hydrophobic N-terminal segment determines the proximity between the active site of DGKε and the membrane-water interface, likely regulating its kinase activity. In vitro studies with a purified DGKε construct lacking the hydrophobic N-terminal segment (His-SUMO*-Δ50-DGKε) corroborated the role of the N-terminus in regulating DGKε enzymatic properties. The comparison between the enzymatic properties of DGKε and His-SUMO*-Δ50-DGKε showed that the conserved N-terminal segment markedly inhibits the enzyme activity and its sensitivity to membrane intrinsic negative curvature, while also playing a role in the modulation of the enzyme by phosphatidylserine. On the other hand, this segment did not strongly affect its diacylglycerol acyl chain specificity, the modulation of the enzyme by membrane morphological changes, or the activation by phosphatidic acid-rich lipid domains. Hence, these results suggest that the conservation of the hydrophobic N-terminal segment of DGKε throughout evolution guaranteed not only membrane anchorage but also an efficient and elegant manner to regulate the rate of the PI cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Jenny Yune
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Sukhvershjit S Aulakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Zihao Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Alexia Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Alma Seitova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON N5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yufeng Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Shirley Schreier
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
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11
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Ryoden Y, Nagata S. The XK plasma membrane scramblase and the VPS13A cytosolic lipid transporter for ATP-induced cell death. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200106. [PMID: 35996795 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP released from necrotic cells in inflamed tissues activates the P2X7 receptor, stimulates the exposure of phosphatidylserine, and causes cell lysis. Recent findings indicated that XK, a paralogue of XKR8 lipid scramblase, forms a complex with VPS13A at the plasma membrane of T cells. Upon engagement by ATP, an unidentified signal(s) from the P2X7 receptor activates the XK-VPS13A complex to scramble phospholipids, followed by necrotic cell death. P2X7 is expressed highly in CD25+ CD4+ T cells but weakly in CD8+ T cells, suggesting a role of this system in the activation of the immune system to prevent infection. On the other hand, a loss-of-function mutation in XK or VPS13A causes neuroacanthocytosis, indicating the crucial involvement of XK-VPS13A-mediated phospholipid scrambling at plasma membranes in the maintenance of homeostasis in the nervous and red blood cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ryoden
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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12
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Li Y, Sun XM, Dang YR, Liu NH, Qin QL, Zhang YQ, Zhang XY. Genomic analysis of Marinomonas profundi M1K-6T reveals its adaptation to deep-sea environment of the Mariana Trench. Mar Genomics 2022; 62:100935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2022.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Kurogi H, Takijiri T, Sakumoto M, Isogai M, Takahashi A, Okubo T, Koike T, Yamada T, Nagamura-Inoue T, Sakaki-Yumoto M. Study on the Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Manufacturing Using Clinical-Grade Culture Medium. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:23-33. [PMID: 35018815 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have been gaining increasing attention owing to their application in various diseases and conditions. In this study, we aimed to identify the optimal condition for industrial-scale MSC manufacturing. MSCs were isolated from umbilical cord (UC) tissues by implementing the explant method (Exp) or a collagenase based-enzymatic digestion method (Col), using a good manufacturing practice-compatible serum-free medium developed in-house. Microarray analysis demonstrated that the gene expression profiles of Exp-MSCs and Col-MSCs did not significantly differ according to the method of isolation or the culture conditions used. The isolated UC-MSCs were then subjected to expansion using conventional static culture (ST) or microcarrier-based culture in stirred-tank bioreactors (MC). Metabolomic and cytokine array analyses were conducted to evaluate the biochemical status of the MSCs. However, no remarkable differences in the metabolic profile and cytokine secretome between ST-MSCs and MC-MSCs were observed. On the contrary, we observed for the first time that the hydrophobic components of ST-MSCs and MC-MSCs were different, which suggested that the cell membrane distribution of fatty acids and lipids was altered in the process of adaptation to shear stress in MC-MSCs. These results establish the flexibility of the isolation and expansion method for UC-MSCs during the manufacturing processes and provide new insights into the minor differences between expansion methods that may exert remarkable effects on MSCs. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of both Exp-MSCs and Col-MSCs and MC and ST culture methods for scale-up and scale-out of MSC production, as well as the equivalence of these cells. As for the industrialized mass production of MSCs, enzyme-based methods for isolation and cell expansion in a bioreactor were considered to be more suitable. The methods developed, which underwent comprehensive evaluation in this study, may contribute toward the provision of sufficient MSC sources and the establishment of cost-effective MSC therapies. Impact statement Our in-house-developed good manufacturing practice-grade serum-free medium could be used for both isolation (Exp and Col) and expansion (ST and MC) of umbilical cord (UC)-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Characteristics of the obtained UC-MSCs were widely assessed with regard to gene expression, metabolome, and secretome. Cellular characteristics and efficacy were observed to be equivalently maintained among whichever technique was applied. In addition, our research presents the first evidence that bioreactor and microcarrier-based MSC cultures alter the fatty acid and phospholipid composition of MSCs. These results provide new insights into the differences between expansion methods that may exert remarkable effects on MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Kurogi
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.,Rohto Advanced Research Hong Kong Limited, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Takashi Takijiri
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Marimu Sakumoto
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Maya Isogai
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takahashi
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Okubo
- Basic Research Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Koike
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsumasa Yamada
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Sakaki-Yumoto
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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14
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Bahja J, Dymond MK. Does membrane curvature elastic energy play a role in mediating oxidative stress in lipid membranes? Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:191-202. [PMID: 34000382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oxidative stress on cells are associated with a wide range of pathologies. Oxidative stress is predominantly initiated by the action of reactive oxygen species and/or lipoxygenases on polyunsaturated fatty acid containing lipids. The downstream products are oxidised phospholipids, bioactive aldehydes and a range of Schiff base by-products between aldehydes and lipids, or other biomacromolecules. In this review we assess the impact of oxidative stress on lipid membranes, focusing on the changes that occur to the curvature preference (lipid spontaneous curvature) and elastic properties of membranes, since these biophysical properties modulate phospholipid homeostasis. Studies show that the lipid products of oxidative stress reduce stored curvature elastic energy in membranes. Based upon this observation, we hypothesize that the effects of oxidative stress on lipid membranes will be reduced by compounds that increase stored curvature elastic energy. We find a strong correlation appears across literature studies that we have reviewed, such that many compounds like vitamin E, Curcumin, Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin A show behaviour consistent with this hypothesis. Finally, we consider whether age-related changes in lipid composition represent the homeostatic response of cells to compensate for the accumulation of in vivo lipid oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bahja
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, BN2 4GL, UK
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, BN2 4GL, UK.
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15
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Bozelli JC, Yune J, Takahashi D, Sakane F, Epand RM. Membrane morphology determines diacylglycerol kinase α substrate acyl chain specificity. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21602. [PMID: 33977628 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100264r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA). In humans, the alpha isoform (DGKα) has emerged as a potential target in the treatment of cancer due to its anti-tumor and pro-immune responses. However, its mechanism of action at a molecular level is not fully understood. In this work, a systematic investigation of the role played by the membrane in the regulation of the enzymatic properties of human DGKα is presented. By using a cell-free system with purified DGKα and model membranes of variable physical and chemical properties, it is shown that membrane physical properties determine human DGKα substrate acyl chain specificity. In model membranes with a flat morphology; DGKα presents high enzymatic activity, but it is not able to differentiate DAG molecular species. Furthermore, DGKα enzymatic properties are insensitive to membrane intrinsic curvature. However, in the presence of model membranes with altered morphology, specifically the presence of physically curved membrane structures, DGKα bears substrate acyl chain specificity for palmitic acid-containing DAG. The present results identify changes in membrane morphology as one possible mechanism for the depletion of specific pools of DAG as well as the production of specific pools of PA by DGKα, adding an extra layer of regulation on the interconversion of these two potent lipid-signaling molecules. It is proposed that the interplay between membrane physical (shape) and chemical (lipid composition) properties guarantee a fine-tuned signal transduction system dependent on the levels and molecular species of DAG and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny Yune
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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16
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Dymond MK. Lipid monolayer spontaneous curvatures: A collection of published values. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 239:105117. [PMID: 34265278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid monolayer spontaneous curvatures (or lipid intrinsic curvatures) are one of several material properties of lipids that enable the stored curvature elastic energy in a lipid aggregate to be determined. Stored curvature elastic energy is important since it can modulate the function of membrane proteins and plays a role in the regulatory pathways of phospholipid homeostasis. Due to the large number of different lipid molecules that might theoretically exist in nature, very few lipid spontaneous curvatures have been determined. Herein the values of lipid spontaneous curvatures that exist in the literature are collected, alongside key experimental details. Where possible, trends in the data are discussed and finally, obvious gaps in the knowledge are signposted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Dymond
- Chemistry Research and Enterprise Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, BN2 4GL, United Kingdom.
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17
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Ishak MI, Jenkins J, Kulkarni S, Keller TF, Briscoe WH, Nobbs AH, Su B. Insights into complex nanopillar-bacteria interactions: Roles of nanotopography and bacterial surface proteins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:91-103. [PMID: 34265695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanopillared surfaces have emerged as a promising strategy to combat bacterial infections on medical devices. However, the mechanisms that underpin nanopillar-induced rupture of the bacterial cell membrane remain speculative. In this study, we have tested three medically relevant poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanopillared-surfaces with well-defined nanotopographies against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and contact mechanics analysis were utilised to understand the nanobiophysical response of the bacterial cell envelope to a single nanopillar. Given their importance to bacterial adhesion, the contribution of bacterial surface proteins to nanotopography-mediated cell envelope damage was also investigated. We found that, whilst cell envelope deformation was affected by the nanopillar tip diameter, the nanopillar density affected bacterial metabolic activities. Moreover, three different types of bacterial cell envelope deformation were observed upon contact of bacteria with the nanopillared surfaces. These were attributed to bacterial responses to cell wall stresses resulting from the high intrinsic pressure caused by the engagement of nanopillars by bacterial surface proteins. Such influences of bacterial surface proteins on the antibacterial action of nanopillars have not been previously reported. Our findings will be valuable to the improved design and fabrication of effective antibacterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd I Ishak
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - J Jenkins
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - S Kulkarni
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - T F Keller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany; Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wuge H Briscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
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18
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Ip T, Li Q, Brooks N, Elani Y. Manufacture of Multilayered Artificial Cell Membranes through Sequential Bilayer Deposition on Emulsion Templates. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2275-2281. [PMID: 33617681 PMCID: PMC8360201 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to manufacture artificial cells that replicate the architectures, processes and behaviours of biological cells are rapidly increasing. Perhaps the most commonly reconstructed cellular structure is the membrane, through the use of unilamellar vesicles as models. However, many cellular membranes, including bacterial double membranes, nuclear envelopes, and organelle membranes, are multilamellar. Due to a lack of technologies available for their controlled construction, multilayered membranes are not part of the repertoire of cell-mimetic motifs used in bottom-up synthetic biology. To address this, we developed emulsion-based technologies that allow cell-sized multilayered vesicles to be produced layer-by-layer, with compositional control over each layer, thus enabling studies that would otherwise remain inaccessible. We discovered that bending rigidities scale with the number of layers and demonstrate inter-bilayer registration between coexisting liquid-liquid domains. These technologies will contribute to the exploitation of multilayered membrane structures, paving the way for incorporating protein complexes that span multiple bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsoi Ip
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub White CityLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Qien Li
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub White CityLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Nick Brooks
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub White CityLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London South KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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19
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Smith WS, Johnston DA, Wensley HJ, Holmes SE, Flavell SU, Flavell DJ. The Role of Cholesterol on Triterpenoid Saponin-Induced Endolysosomal Escape of a Saporin-Based Immunotoxin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228734. [PMID: 33228031 PMCID: PMC7699356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol seems to play a central role in the augmentation of saporin-based immunotoxin (IT) cytotoxicity by triterpenoid saponins. Endolysosomal escape has been proposed as one mechanism for the saponin-mediated enhancement of targeted toxins. We investigated the effects of lipid depletion followed by repletion on Saponinum album (SA)-induced endolysosomal escape of Alexa Fluor labelled saporin and the saporin-based immunotoxin OKT10-SAP, directed against CD38, in Daudi lymphoma cells. Lipid deprived cells showed reduced SA-induced endolysosomal escape at two concentrations of SA, as determined by a flow cytometric method. The repletion of membrane cholesterol by low density lipoprotein (LDL) restored SA-induced endolysosomal escape at a concentration of 5 µg/mL SA but not at 1 µg/mL SA. When LDL was used to restore the cholesterol levels in lipid deprived cells, the SA augmentation of OKT10-SAP cytotoxicity was partially restored at 1 µg/mL SA and fully restored at 5 µg/mL SA. These results suggest that different mechanisms of action might be involved for the two different concentrations of SA and that endosomal escape may not be the main mechanism for the augmentation of saporin IT cytotoxicity by SA at the sub-lytic concentration of 1 µg/mL SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S. Smith
- The Simon Flavell Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (H.J.W.); (S.E.H.); (S.U.F.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.S.); (D.J.F.)
| | - David A. Johnston
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | - Harrison J. Wensley
- The Simon Flavell Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (H.J.W.); (S.E.H.); (S.U.F.)
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Abcam, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AX, UK
| | - Suzanne E. Holmes
- The Simon Flavell Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (H.J.W.); (S.E.H.); (S.U.F.)
| | - Sopsamorn U. Flavell
- The Simon Flavell Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (H.J.W.); (S.E.H.); (S.U.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David J. Flavell
- The Simon Flavell Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (H.J.W.); (S.E.H.); (S.U.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence: (W.S.S.); (D.J.F.)
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20
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Deplazes E, Hartmann LM, Cranfield CG, Garcia A. Structural Characterization of a Cation-Selective, Self-Assembled Peptide Pore in Planar Phospholipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8152-8156. [PMID: 32902292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
GALA is a 30-residue amphipathic peptide that self-assembles into multimeric transmembrane pores in a pH-dependent fashion. In this study, we characterize the size, multimeric structure, and cation selectivity of GALA pores in planar phospholipid bilayers using electrical impedance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that in planar bilayers GALA pores are likely formed by six peptide monomers rather than eight to 12 monomers as previously reported for lipid vesicles. We further show that in planar bilayers, GALA pores exhibit previously unreported cation selectivity. We propose that the difference between the predicted pore structures in planar bilayers and lipid vesicles exemplifies the importance of phospholipid bilayer structural properties on the aggregation of transmembrane helical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Deplazes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lissy M Hartmann
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Charles G Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alvaro Garcia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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21
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Cornell RB. Membrane Lipids Assist Catalysis by CTP: Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5023-5042. [PMID: 32234309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While most of the articles in this issue review the workings of integral membrane enzymes, in this review, we describe the catalytic mechanism of an enzyme that contains a soluble catalytic domain but appears to catalyze its reaction on the membrane surface, anchored and assisted by a separate regulatory amphipathic helical domain and inter-domain linker. Membrane partitioning of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), a key regulatory enzyme of phosphatidylcholine metabolism, is regulated chiefly by changes in membrane phospholipid composition, and boosts the enzyme's catalytic efficiency >200-fold. Catalytic enhancement by membrane binding involves the displacement of an auto-inhibitory helix from the active site entrance-way and promotion of a new conformational ensemble for the inter-domain, allosteric linker that has an active role in the catalytic cycle. We describe the evidence for close contact between membrane lipid, a compact allosteric linker, and the CCT active site, and discuss potential ways that this interaction enhances catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary B Cornell
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A-1S6.
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22
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Leveraging a gain-of-function allele of Caenorhabditis elegans paqr-1 to elucidate membrane homeostasis by PAQR proteins. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008975. [PMID: 32750056 PMCID: PMC7428288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C. elegans proteins PAQR-2 (a homolog of the human seven-transmembrane domain AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins) and IGLR-2 (a homolog of the mammalian LRIG proteins characterized by a single transmembrane domain and the presence of immunoglobulin domains and leucine-rich repeats in their extracellular portion) form a complex that protects against plasma membrane rigidification by promoting the expression of fatty acid desaturases and the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids, hence increasing membrane fluidity. In the present study, we leveraged a novel gain-of-function allele of PAQR-1, a PAQR-2 paralog, to carry out structure-function studies. We found that the transmembrane domains of PAQR-2 are responsible for its functional requirement for IGLR-2, that PAQR-1 does not require IGLR-2 but acts via the same pathway as PAQR-2, and that the divergent N-terminal cytoplasmic domains of the PAQR-1 and PAQR-2 proteins serve a regulatory function and may regulate access to the catalytic site of these proteins. We also show that overexpression of human AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 alone is sufficient to confer increased palmitic acid resistance in HEK293 cells, and thus act in a manner analogous to the PAQR-1 gain-of-function allele.
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23
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Liu C, Liu J, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang E, Liu B, Zhang T. Construction and Application of Membrane-Bound Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme System: A New Approach for the Evaluation of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5723-5731. [PMID: 32338004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the plasma membrane on the activity of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in the evaluation of food-derived ACE inhibitory peptides, although these peptides are commonly evaluated in the system with ACE in its free state. In this study, we constructed an in vitro membrane-bound ACE C domain system to simulate the presence of the plasma membrane. The resultant Km and Vmax suggested that the presence of the membrane reduced the affinity between ACE C domain and hippuryl-histidyl-leucine, while it increased the reaction velocity. The ACE inhibitory activity of four egg white peptides and five structurally modified peptides suggested that a moderate hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the peptide is beneficial for the improvement of their ACE inhibitory activity in a membrane-bound system. These results also indicated that the N terminal plays a significant role in the ACE inhibitory activity of peptides in the membrane-bound system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Manqiu Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Biying Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Erlei Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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24
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Theis J, Niemeyer J, Schmollinger S, Ries F, Rütgers M, Gupta TK, Sommer F, Muranaka LS, Venn B, Schulz-Raffelt M, Willmund F, Engel BD, Schroda M. VIPP2 interacts with VIPP1 and HSP22E/F at chloroplast membranes and modulates a retrograde signal for HSP22E/F gene expression. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1212-1229. [PMID: 31994740 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
VIPP proteins aid thylakoid biogenesis and membrane maintenance in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. Some members of the Chlorophyceae contain two VIPP paralogs termed VIPP1 and VIPP2, which originate from an early gene duplication event during the evolution of green algae. VIPP2 is barely expressed under nonstress conditions but accumulates in cells exposed to high light intensities or H2 O2 , during recovery from heat stress, and in mutants with defective integration (alb3.1) or translocation (secA) of thylakoid membrane proteins. Recombinant VIPP2 forms rod-like structures in vitro and shows a strong affinity for phosphatidylinositol phosphate. Under stress conditions, >70% of VIPP2 is present in membrane fractions and localizes to chloroplast membranes. A vipp2 knock-out mutant displays no growth phenotypes and no defects in the biogenesis or repair of photosystem II. However, after exposure to high light intensities, the vipp2 mutant accumulates less HSP22E/F and more LHCSR3 protein and transcript. This suggests that VIPP2 modulates a retrograde signal for the expression of nuclear genes HSP22E/F and LHCSR3. Immunoprecipitation of VIPP2 from solubilized cells and membrane-enriched fractions revealed major interactions with VIPP1 and minor interactions with HSP22E/F. Our data support a distinct role of VIPP2 in sensing and coping with chloroplast membrane stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Theis
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Justus Niemeyer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fabian Ries
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mark Rütgers
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tilak Kumar Gupta
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt Venn
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Miriam Schulz-Raffelt
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Felix Willmund
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin D Engel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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25
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The study of neuroprotective effect of ferulic acid based on cell metabolomics. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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de Mendoza D, Pilon M. Control of membrane lipid homeostasis by lipid-bilayer associated sensors: A mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:100996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Shahane G, Ding W, Palaiokostas M, Azevedo HS, Orsi M. Interaction of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides with Bacterial Lipid Bilayers. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:317-329. [PMID: 31098677 PMCID: PMC6790193 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of pathogens to traditional antibiotics is currently a global issue of enormous concern. As the discovery and development of new antibiotics become increasingly challenging, synthetic antimicrobial lipopeptides (AMLPs) are now receiving renewed attention as a new class of antimicrobial agents. In contrast to traditional antibiotics, AMLPs act by physically disrupting the cell membrane (rather than targeting specific proteins), thus reducing the risk of inducing bacterial resistance. In this study, we use microsecond-timescale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to quantify the interaction of a short AMLP (C16-KKK) with model bacterial lipid bilayers. In particular, we investigate how fundamental transmembrane properties change in relation to a range of lipopeptide concentrations. A number of structural, mechanical, and dynamical features are found to be significantly altered in a non-linear fashion. At 10 mol% concentration, lipopeptides have a condensing effect on bacterial bilayers, characterized by a decrease in the area per lipid and an increase in the bilayer order. Higher AMLP concentrations of 25 and 40 mol% destabilize the membrane by disrupting the bilayer core structure, inducing membrane thinning and water leakage. Important transmembrane properties such as the lateral pressure and dipole potential profiles are also affected. Potential implications on membrane function and associated proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Shahane
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Wei Ding
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michail Palaiokostas
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Mario Orsi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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28
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Bestard-Escalas J, Maimó-Barceló A, Pérez-Romero K, Lopez DH, Barceló-Coblijn G. Ins and Outs of Interpreting Lipidomic Results. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:5039-5062. [PMID: 31422112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipids are essential for life; however, research on how cells regulate cell lipid composition has been falling behind for quite some time. One reason was the difficulty in establishing analytical methods able to cope with the cell lipid repertoire. Development of a diversity of mass spectrometry-based technologies, including imaging mass spectrometry, has helped to demonstrate beyond doubt that the cell lipidome is not only greatly cell type dependent but also highly sensitive to any pathophysiological alteration such as differentiation or tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the current popularization of metabolomic studies among numerous disciplines has led many researchers to rediscover lipids. Hence, it is important to underscore the peculiarities of these metabolites and their metabolism, which are both radically different from protein and nucleic acid metabolism. Once differences in lipid composition have been established, researchers face a rather complex scenario, to investigate the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms accounting for their results. Thus, a detail often overlooked, but of crucial relevance, is the complex networks of enzymes involved in controlling the level of each one of the lipid species present in the cell. In most cases, these enzymes are redundant and promiscuous, complicating any study on lipid metabolism, since the modification of one particular lipid enzyme impacts simultaneously on many species. Altogether, this review aims to describe the difficulties in delving into the regulatory mechanisms tailoring the lipidome at the activity, genetic, and epigenetic level, while conveying the numerous, stimulating, and sometimes unexpected research opportunities afforded by this type of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Bestard-Escalas
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Albert Maimó-Barceló
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Karim Pérez-Romero
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Daniel H Lopez
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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29
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Anh Le TT, Thuptimdang P, McEvoy J, Khan E. Phage shock protein and gene responses of Escherichia coli exposed to carbon nanotubes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:461-469. [PMID: 30831497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electrophoretic, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of Escherichia coli cells exposed to pristine single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and hydroxyl and carboxylic functionalized SWCNTs (SWCNT-OHs and SWCNT-COOHs) were conducted. SWCNT concentration and length were experimental variables. Exposing E. coli cells to SWCNTs led to changes in protein and gene expressions. Several proteins altered their regulations at a low SWCNT concentration (10 μg/ml) and were shut down at a high SWCNT concentration (100 μg/ml). The expressions of the phage shock protein (psp) operon including pspA, pspB, and pspC genes responded to the membrane stressors, SWCNTs, were also examined. While pspA and pspC expressions were influenced by the length, concentration, and functional groups of SWCNTs, pspB expression was not induced by SWCNTs. The alterations in phage shock protein and gene expressions indicated that SWCNTs caused cell membrane perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Thi Anh Le
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Biology Department, Dalat University, Dalat, Lamdong, Viet Nam.
| | - Pumis Thuptimdang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - John McEvoy
- Microbiological Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
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30
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Macromolecular crowding and membrane binding proteins: The case of phospholipase A1. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 218:91-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Palaiokostas M, Ding W, Shahane G, Orsi M. Effects of lipid composition on membrane permeation. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8496-8508. [PMID: 30346462 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01262h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Passive permeation through lipid membranes is an essential process in biology. In vivo membranes typically consist of mixtures of lamellar and nonlamellar lipids. Lamellar lipids are characterized by their tendency to form lamellar sheet-like structures, which are predominant in nature. Nonlamellar lipids, when isolated, instead form more geometrically complex nonlamellar phases. While mixed lamellar/nonlamellar lipid membranes tend to adopt the ubiquitous lamellar bilayer structure, the presence of nonlamellar lipids is known to have profound effects on key membrane properties, such as internal distributions of stress and elastic properties, which in turn may alter related biological processes. This work focuses on one such process, i.e., permeation, by utilising atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in order to obtain transfer free energy profiles, diffusion profiles and permeation coefficients for a series of thirteen small molecules and drugs. Each permeant is tested on two bilayer membranes of different lipid composition, i.e., purely lamellar and mixed lamellar/nonlamellar. Our results indicate that the presence of nonlamellar lipids reduces permeation for smaller molecules (molecular weight < 100) but facilitates it for the largest ones (molecular weight > 100). This work represents an advancement towards the development of more realistic in silico permeability assays, which may have a substantial future impact in the area of rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Palaiokostas
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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32
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Xing X, Ma W, Zhao X, Wang J, Yao L, Jiang X, Wu Z. Interaction between Surface Charge-Modified Gold Nanoparticles and Phospholipid Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12583-12589. [PMID: 30239201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This report clarifies the interaction of surface charge-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with phospholipid membranes, which is helpful to understand the antibacterial mechanism of positive charge-modified AuNPs to Gram-negative bacteria. Although the simulated bacterial cell membranes as a whole are negatively charged, the local electrostatic repulsive interaction between the positive charge-coated AuNPs and the small-sized flexible cationic head group of dioleyl phosphatidylethanolamine molecules induces the phase transformation of the simulated bacterial cell membranes from a lamellar to an inverted hexagonal phase. Transmembrane pores with a diameter of about 3.0 nm in the inverted hexagonal structure would result in the destruction of cell membrane function. Such an interaction of positive charge-modified AuNPs with the membrane mimics provides a promising route to develop new antibacterial agents by modifying positive charges on the surface of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xing
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wanshun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lei Yao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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33
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Bozelli JC, Jennings W, Black S, Hou YH, Lameire D, Chatha P, Kimura T, Berno B, Khondker A, Rheinstädter MC, Epand RM. Membrane curvature allosterically regulates the phosphatidylinositol cycle, controlling its rate and acyl-chain composition of its lipid intermediates. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17780-17791. [PMID: 30237168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling events at membranes are often mediated by membrane lipid composition or membrane physical properties. These membrane properties could act either by favoring the membrane binding of downstream effectors or by modulating their activity. Several proteins can sense/generate membrane physical curvature (i.e. shape). However, the modulation of the activity of enzymes by a membrane's shape has not yet been reported. Here, using a cell-free assay with purified diacylglycerol kinase ϵ (DGKϵ) and liposomes, we studied the activity and acyl-chain specificity of an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle, DGKϵ. By systematically varying the model membrane lipid composition and physical properties, we found that DGKϵ has low activity and lacks acyl-chain specificity in locally flat membranes, regardless of the lipid composition. On the other hand, these enzyme properties were greatly enhanced in membrane structures with a negative Gaussian curvature. We also found that this is not a consequence of preferential binding of the enzyme to those structures, but rather is due to a curvature-mediated allosteric regulation of DGKϵ activity and acyl-chain specificity. Moreover, in a fine-tuned interplay between the enzyme and the membrane, DGKϵ favored the formation of structures with greater Gaussian curvature. DGKϵ does not bear a regulatory domain, and these findings reveal the importance of membrane curvature in regulating DGKϵ activity and acyl-chain specificity. Hence, this study highlights that a hierarchic coupling of membrane physical property and lipid composition synergistically regulates membrane signaling events. We propose that this regulatory mechanism of membrane-associated enzyme activity is likely more common than is currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1
| | - William Jennings
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1
| | - Stephanie Black
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1
| | - Yu Heng Hou
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1
| | - Darius Lameire
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1
| | - Preet Chatha
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1
| | - Tomohiro Kimura
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1
| | | | - Adree Khondker
- Physics and Astronomy; Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Maikel C Rheinstädter
- Physics and Astronomy; Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1; Departments of Chemistry.
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34
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Methods of reconstitution to investigate membrane protein function. Methods 2018; 147:126-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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35
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Wu K, Luo Z, Hogstrand C, Chen GH, Wei CC, Li DD. Zn Stimulates the Phospholipids Biosynthesis via the Pathways of Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Intestine of Freshwater Teleost Yellow Catfish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9206-9214. [PMID: 30052432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis of our study was that waterborne Zn exposure evoked phospholipids (PL) biosynthesis to compensate for the loss of membrane integrity, and the pathways of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated the Zn-evoked changes of PL biosynthesis. Thus, we conducted RNA sequencing to analyze the differences in the intestinal transcriptomes between the control and Zn-treated P. fulvidraco. The 56-day Zn exposure increased the intestinal Zn accumulation, and mRNA levels of 816 genes were markedly up-regulated, while that of 263 genes were down-regulated. Many differentially expressed genes in the pathways of PL biosynthesis and protein processing in ER were identified. Their expression profiles indicated that waterborne Zn exposure injured protein metabolism, induced PL biosynthesis caused oxidative stress and ER stress, and activated the unfolded protein response. Then, using the primary enterocytes, we identified the mechanism of oxidative and ER stress mediating Zn-induced PL biosynthesis, and indicated that the activation of these pathways constituted adaptive mechanisms to reduce Zn toxicity. Our study demonstrated that Zn exposure via the water increased Zn accumulation and PL biosynthesis, and that oxidative stress and ER stress were interdependent and mediated the Zn-induced PL biosynthesis of the intestine in the freshwater teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province , Changde 415000 , China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division , School of Medicine, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
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36
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Abstract
Enzyme control by their products facilitates cellular homeostasis, but for phospholipids, feedback mechanisms also arise from changes in membrane physical properties. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Haider et al. (2018) show that in many actively growing cells, an enzyme of phosphatidylcholine synthesis senses lipid packing in the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Cornell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A-1S6, Canada.
| | - Bruno Antonny
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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37
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Grillo DA, Albano JMR, Mocskos EE, Facelli JC, Pickholz M, Ferraro MB. Mechanical properties of drug loaded diblock copolymer bilayers: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214901. [PMID: 29884038 DOI: 10.1063/1.5028377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present results of coarse-grained simulations to study the encapsulation of prilocaine (PLC), both neutral and protonated, on copolymer bilayers through molecular dynamics simulations. Using a previously validated membrane model, we have simulated loaded bilayers at different drug concentrations and at low (protonated PLC) and high (neutral PLC) pH levels. We have characterized key structural parameters of the loaded bilayers in order to understand the effects of encapsulation of PLC on the bilayer structure and mechanical properties. Neutral PLC was encapsulated in the hydrophobic region leading to a thickness increase, while the protonated species partitioned between the water phase and the poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butadiene) (PBD) interface, relaxing the PBD region and leading to a decrease in the thickness. The tangential pressures of the studied systems were calculated, and their components were decomposed in order to gain insights on their compensation. In all cases, it is observed that the loading of the membrane does not significantly decrease the stability of the bilayer, indicating that the system could be used for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián A Grillo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M R Albano
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban E Mocskos
- Departamento de Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio C Facelli
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way, Suite 140, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
| | - Mónica Pickholz
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta B Ferraro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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38
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Haider A, Wei YC, Lim K, Barbosa AD, Liu CH, Weber U, Mlodzik M, Oras K, Collier S, Hussain MM, Dong L, Patel S, Alvarez-Guaita A, Saudek V, Jenkins BJ, Koulman A, Dymond MK, Hardie RC, Siniossoglou S, Savage DB. PCYT1A Regulates Phosphatidylcholine Homeostasis from the Inner Nuclear Membrane in Response to Membrane Stored Curvature Elastic Stress. Dev Cell 2018; 45:481-495.e8. [PMID: 29754800 PMCID: PMC5971203 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell and organelle membranes consist of a complex mixture of phospholipids (PLs) that determine their size, shape, and function. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic membranes, yet how cells sense and regulate its levels in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that PCYT1A, the rate-limiting enzyme of PC synthesis, is intranuclear and re-locates to the nuclear membrane in response to the need for membrane PL synthesis in yeast, fly, and mammalian cells. By aligning imaging with lipidomic analysis and data-driven modeling, we demonstrate that yeast PCYT1A membrane association correlates with membrane stored curvature elastic stress estimates. Furthermore, this process occurs inside the nucleus, although nuclear localization signal mutants can compensate for the loss of endogenous PCYT1A in yeast and in fly photoreceptors. These data suggest an ancient mechanism by which nucleoplasmic PCYT1A senses surface PL packing defects on the inner nuclear membrane to control PC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Haider
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Koini Lim
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonio D Barbosa
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Che-Hsiung Liu
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ursula Weber
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kadri Oras
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Simon Collier
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Satish Patel
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Benjamin J Jenkins
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- Division of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Roger C Hardie
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Symeon Siniossoglou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Impact of membrane curvature on amyloid aggregation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1741-1764. [PMID: 29709613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The misfolding, amyloid aggregation, and fibril formation of intrinsically disordered proteins/peptides (or amyloid proteins) have been shown to cause a number of disorders. The underlying mechanisms of amyloid fibrillation and structural properties of amyloidogenic precursors, intermediates, and amyloid fibrils have been elucidated in detail; however, in-depth examinations on physiologically relevant contributing factors that induce amyloidogenesis and lead to cell death remain challenging. A large number of studies have attempted to characterize the roles of biomembranes on protein aggregation and membrane-mediated cell death by designing various membrane components, such as gangliosides, cholesterol, and other lipid compositions, and by using various membrane mimetics, including liposomes, bicelles, and different types of lipid-nanodiscs. We herein review the dynamic effects of membrane curvature on amyloid generation and the inhibition of amyloidogenic proteins and peptides, and also discuss how amyloid formation affects membrane curvature and integrity, which are key for understanding relationships with cell death. Small unilamellar vesicles with high curvature and large unilamellar vesicles with low curvature have been demonstrated to exhibit different capabilities to induce the nucleation, amyloid formation, and inhibition of amyloid-β peptides and α-synuclein. Polymorphic amyloidogenesis in small unilamellar vesicles was revealed and may be viewed as one of the generic properties of interprotein interaction-dominated amyloid formation. Several mechanical models and phase diagrams are comprehensively shown to better explain experimental findings. The negative membrane curvature-mediated mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of pancreatic β cells by the amyloid aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and binding of the precursors of the semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) are also described. The curvature-dependent binding modes of several types of islet amyloid polypeptides with high-resolution NMR structures are also discussed.
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Junglas
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Mainz Germany
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41
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Burrell J, Dymond MK, Gillams RJ, Parker DJ, Langley GJ, Labrador A, Nylander T, Attard GS. Using Curvature Power To Map the Domain of Inverse Micellar Cubic Phases: The Case of Aliphatic Aldehydes in 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12804-12813. [PMID: 28981289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins, or fatty aldehydes, are a class of molecules produced from membrane lipids as a result of oxidative stress or enzyme-mediated peroxidation. Here we report the effects of two biologically important fatty aldehydes, trans,trans-2,4-decanedienal (DD) and cis-11-hexadecenal (HD), on the phase behavior of the lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) in water. We compare the phase behavior of DD/DOPE and HD/DOPE mixtures to the phase behavior of oleic acid/DOPE mixtures and show that DD, HD, and oleic acid have similar effects on the phase diagrams of DOPE. Notably, both DD and HD, like oleic acid, induce the formation of Fd3m inverse micellar cubic phases in DOPE/water mixtures. This is the first time that Fd3m phases in fatty aldehyde-containing mixtures have been reported. We assess the effects of DD, HD, and oleic acid on DOPE in terms of lipid spontaneous curvatures and propose a method to predict the formation of Fd3m phases from the curvature power of amphiphiles. This methodology predicts that Fd3m phases will become stable if the spontaneous curvature of a lipid mixture is -0.48 ± 0.05 nm-1 or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Burrell
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- Division of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Gillams
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J Parker
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - G John Langley
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Labrador
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - George S Attard
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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42
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Dymond MK. Mammalian phospholipid homeostasis: evidence that membrane curvature elastic stress drives homeoviscous adaptation in vivo. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0228. [PMID: 27534697 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several theories of phospholipid homeostasis have postulated that cells regulate the molecular composition of their bilayer membranes, such that a common biophysical membrane parameter is under homeostatic control. Two commonly cited theories are the intrinsic curvature hypothesis, which states that cells control membrane curvature elastic stress, and the theory of homeoviscous adaptation, which postulates cells control acyl chain packing order (membrane order). In this paper, we present evidence from data-driven modelling studies that these two theories correlate in vivo. We estimate the curvature elastic stress of mammalian cells to be 4-7 × 10(-12) N, a value high enough to suggest that in mammalian cells the preservation of membrane order arises through a mechanism where membrane curvature elastic stress is controlled. These results emerge from analysing the molecular contribution of individual phospholipids to both membrane order and curvature elastic stress in nearly 500 cellular compositionally diverse lipidomes. Our model suggests that the de novo synthesis of lipids is the dominant mechanism by which cells control curvature elastic stress and hence membrane order in vivo These results also suggest that cells can increase membrane curvature elastic stress disproportionately to membrane order by incorporating polyunsaturated fatty acids into lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Dymond
- Division of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GL, UK
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43
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Ding W, Palaiokostas M, Shahane G, Wang W, Orsi M. Effects of High Pressure on Phospholipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9597-9606. [PMID: 28926699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of lipid membranes to changes in external pressure is important for many biological processes, and it can also be exploited for technological applications. In this work, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the changes in the physical properties of phospholipid bilayers brought about by high pressure (1000 bar). In particular, we study how the response differs, in relation to different chain unsaturation levels, by comparing monounsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and biunsaturated dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers. Various structural, mechanical, and dynamical features are found to be altered by the pressure increase in both bilayers. Notably, for most properties, including bilayer area and thickness, lipid order parameters, lateral pressure profile, and curvature frustration energy, we observe significantly more pronounced effects for monounsaturated POPC than biunsaturated DOPC. Possible biological implications of the results obtained are discussed, especially in relation to how different lipids can control the structure and function of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Michail Palaiokostas
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Ganesh Shahane
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Mario Orsi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England , Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K
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44
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Ericson ME, Subramanian C, Frank MW, Rock CO. Role of Fatty Acid Kinase in Cellular Lipid Homeostasis and SaeRS-Dependent Virulence Factor Expression in Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2017; 8:e00988-17. [PMID: 28765222 PMCID: PMC5539427 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00988-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SaeRS two-component system is a master activator of virulence factor transcription in Staphylococcus aureus, but the cellular factors that control its activity are unknown. Fatty acid (FA) kinase is a two-component enzyme system required for extracellular FA uptake and SaeRS activity. Here, we demonstrate the existence of an intracellular nonesterified FA pool in S. aureus that is elevated in strains lacking FA kinase activity. SaeRS-mediated transcription is restored in FA kinase-negative strains when the intracellular FA pool is reduced either by growth with FA-depleted bovine serum albumin to extract the FA into the medium or by the heterologous expression of Neisseria gonorrhoeae acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase to activate FA for phospholipid synthesis. These data show that FAs act as negative regulators of SaeRS signaling, and FA kinase activates SaeRS-dependent virulence factor production by lowering inhibitory FA levels. Thus, FA kinase plays a role in cellular lipid homeostasis by activating FA for incorporation into phospholipid, and it indirectly regulates SaeRS signaling by maintaining a low intracellular FA pool.IMPORTANCE The SaeRS two-component system is a master transcriptional activator of virulence factor production in response to the host environment in S. aureus, and strains lacking FA kinase have severely attenuated SaeRS-dependent virulence factor transcription. FA kinase is required for the activation of exogenous FAs, and it plays a role in cellular lipid homeostasis by recycling cellular FAs into the phospholipid biosynthetic pathway. Activation of the sensor kinase, SaeS, is mediated by its membrane anchor domain, and the FAs which accumulate in FA kinase knockout strains are potent inhibitors of SaeS-dependent signaling. This work identifies FAs as physiological effectors for the SaeRS system and reveals a connection between cellular lipid homeostasis and the regulation of virulence factor transcription. FA kinase is widely distributed in Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting similar roles for FA kinase in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Ericson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew W Frank
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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45
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Trantidou T, Friddin M, Elani Y, Brooks NJ, Law RV, Seddon JM, Ces O. Engineering Compartmentalized Biomimetic Micro- and Nanocontainers. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6549-6565. [PMID: 28658575 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization of biological content and function is a key architectural feature in biology, where membrane bound micro- and nanocompartments are used for performing a host of highly specialized and tightly regulated biological functions. The benefit of compartmentalization as a design principle is behind its ubiquity in cells and has led to it being a central engineering theme in construction of artificial cell-like systems. In this review, we discuss the attractions of designing compartmentalized membrane-bound constructs and review a range of biomimetic membrane architectures that span length scales, focusing on lipid-based structures but also addressing polymer-based and hybrid approaches. These include nested vesicles, multicompartment vesicles, large-scale vesicle networks, as well as droplet interface bilayers, and double-emulsion multiphase systems (multisomes). We outline key examples of how such structures have been functionalized with biological and synthetic machinery, for example, to manufacture and deliver drugs and metabolic compounds, to replicate intracellular signaling cascades, and to demonstrate collective behaviors as minimal tissue constructs. Particular emphasis is placed on the applications of these architectures and the state-of-the-art microfluidic engineering required to fabricate, functionalize, and precisely assemble them. Finally, we outline the future directions of these technologies and highlight how they could be applied to engineer the next generation of cell models, therapeutic agents, and microreactors, together with the diverse applications in the emerging field of bottom-up synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Trantidou
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Friddin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert V Law
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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46
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Tsang KY, Lai YC, Chiang YW, Chen YF. Coupling of lipid membrane elasticity and in-plane dynamics. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:012410. [PMID: 29347274 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.012410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes exhibit liquid and solid features concomitantly with their in-plane fluidity and elasticity tightly regulated by cells. Here, we present experimental evidence supporting the existence of the dynamics-elasticity correlations for lipid membranes and propose a mechanism involving molecular packing densities to explain them. This paper thereby unifies, at the molecular level, the aspects of the continuum mechanics long used to model the two membrane features. This ultimately may elucidate the universal physical principles governing the cellular phenomena involving biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Tsang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yei-Chen Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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47
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Salehi-Reyhani A, Ces O, Elani Y. Artificial cell mimics as simplified models for the study of cell biology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1309-1317. [PMID: 28580796 PMCID: PMC5528198 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217711441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells are hugely complex chemical systems composed of a milieu of distinct chemical species (including DNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites) interconnected with one another through a vast web of interactions: this complexity renders the study of cell biology in a quantitative and systematic manner a difficult task. There has been an increasing drive towards the utilization of artificial cells as cell mimics to alleviate this, a development that has been aided by recent advances in artificial cell construction. Cell mimics are simplified cell-like structures, composed from the bottom-up with precisely defined and tunable compositions. They allow specific facets of cell biology to be studied in isolation, in a simplified environment where control of variables can be achieved without interference from a living and responsive cell. This mini-review outlines the core principles of this approach and surveys recent key investigations that use cell mimics to address a wide range of biological questions. It will also place the field in the context of emerging trends, discuss the associated limitations, and outline future directions of the field. Impact statement Recent years have seen an increasing drive to construct cell mimics and use them as simplified experimental models to replicate and understand biological phenomena in a well-defined and controlled system. By summarizing the advances in this burgeoning field, and using case studies as a basis for discussion on the limitations and future directions of this approach, it is hoped that this minireview will spur others in the experimental biology community to use artificial cells as simplified models with which to probe biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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49
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Zhang D, He S, Ming T, Lu C, Zhou J, Su X. A metabonomic analysis on the response of Enterobacter cloacae from coastal outfall for land-based pollutant under phoxim stress. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1165-1173. [PMID: 28508092 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen widely distributed in human and animal intestinal systems. The secretion of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and cephalosporinase (AmpC) endows E. cloacae with strong drug resistance. In a previous study by our group, protein expression of E. cloacae under phoxim stress was measured by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Here, nuclear magnetic resonance was used to detect differences in E. cloacae metabonomics when under phoxim stress. We determined that there are 29 types of metabolites that differ between phoxim stress and normal culture conditions. Among these, 6 types of metabolites were upregulated in the phoxim stress group, and 23 types of metabolites were inhibited. Though enrichment analysis, seven pathways were identified by different expression levels of metabolites, which were involved in DNA and RNA synthesis, DNA damage repair, antioxidation and functions of the cell membrane and cell wall. The mechanism underlying how phoxim affects E. cloacae was determined by studying the results of both two-dimensional electrophoresis in our prior work and the analysis of E. cloacae metabonomic changes under phoxim stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijun Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan He
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghong Ming
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Mapelli F, Scoma A, Michoud G, Aulenta F, Boon N, Borin S, Kalogerakis N, Daffonchio D. Biotechnologies for Marine Oil Spill Cleanup: Indissoluble Ties with Microorganisms. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:860-870. [PMID: 28511936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous exploitation of petroleum hydrocarbons (HCs) has been accompanied by accidental spills and chronic pollution in marine ecosystems, including the deep ocean. Physicochemical technologies are available for oil spill cleanup, but HCs must ultimately be mineralized by microorganisms. How environmental factors drive the assembly and activity of HC-degrading microbial communities remains unknown, limiting our capacity to integrate microorganism-based cleanup strategies with current physicochemical remediation technologies. In this review, we summarize recent findings about microbial physiology, metabolism and ecology and describe how microbes can be exploited to create improved biotechnological solutions to clean up marine surface and deep waters, sediments and beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mapelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Scoma
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), University of Gent, B 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Grégoire Michoud
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Aulenta
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), University of Gent, B 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sara Borin
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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