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Cui Q, Li W, Wang D, Wang S, Liu A, Zhang G, Yang Y, Ge T, He G, Yu J. Immune signature and phagocytosis of circulating DC subsets in healthy adults during aging. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111715. [PMID: 38382263 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the onset and progression of immunosenescence-associated diseases, serving as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Thus, there is a need to establish reference ranges for DC subset levels in healthy adults and investigate the potential impact of age on DC subset levels and phagocytic activity. Single-platform multi-color flow cytometry was performed to assess the proportions of circulating conventional type 1 DC (cDC1), conventional type 2 DC (cDC2), and plasmacytoid DC (pDC), as well as the percentages of CD80, CD86, CD83, PD-L1, and CD32 in cDC1, cDC2, and pDC. Reference ranges were established based on age and gender, and the percentage of circulating DC subsets in different age groups was compared. In addition, circulating DC were enriched using a magnetic bead sorting kit and co-cultured with polystyrene (PS) beads, categorized by age groups, followed by the evaluation of PS bead phagocytosis using light microscopy and flow cytometry. The results indicated that the percentages of circulating cDC1, cDC2, and CD32+cDC2 decreased with age (P < 0.05) and revealed age-related impairment in phagocytic percentage of cDC2 (P < 0.05). These findings provide a deeper understanding of the impact of age on the phenotype and phagocytic activity of DC subsets, shedding light on their role and function in immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cui
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangcui Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Aqing Liu
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Ge
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixin He
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Central Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Kvedaraite E, Lourda M, Mouratidou N, Düking T, Padhi A, Moll K, Czarnewski P, Sinha I, Xagoraris I, Kokkinou E, Damdimopoulos A, Weigel W, Hartwig O, Santos TE, Soini T, Van Acker A, Rahkonen N, Flodström Tullberg M, Ringqvist E, Buggert M, Jorns C, Lindforss U, Nordenvall C, Stamper CT, Unnersjö-Jess D, Akber M, Nadisauskaite R, Jansson J, Vandamme N, Sorini C, Grundeken ME, Rolandsdotter H, Rassidakis G, Villablanca EJ, Ideström M, Eulitz S, Arnell H, Mjösberg J, Henter JI, Svensson M. Intestinal stroma guides monocyte differentiation to macrophages through GM-CSF. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1752. [PMID: 38409190 PMCID: PMC10897309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells support epithelial cell and immune cell homeostasis and play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Here, we quantify the stromal response to inflammation in pediatric IBD and reveal subset-specific inflammatory responses across colon segments and intestinal layers. Using data from a murine dynamic gut injury model and human ex vivo transcriptomic, protein and spatial analyses, we report that PDGFRA+CD142-/low fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages co-localize in the intestine. In primary human fibroblast-monocyte co-cultures, intestinal PDGFRA+CD142-/low fibroblasts foster monocyte transition to CCR2+CD206+ macrophages through granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Monocyte-derived CCR2+CD206+ cells from co-cultures have a phenotype similar to intestinal CCR2+CD206+ macrophages from newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients, with high levels of PD-L1 and low levels of GM-CSF receptor. The study describes subset-specific changes in stromal responses to inflammation and suggests that the intestinal stroma guides intestinal macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kvedaraite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magda Lourda
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Mouratidou
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Düking
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Avinash Padhi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Moll
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Xagoraris
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Kokkinou
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Damdimopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Whitney Weigel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Hartwig
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Telma E Santos
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Tea Soini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aline Van Acker
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Tech Watch, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nelly Rahkonen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Malin Flodström Tullberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Jorns
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Lindforss
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher T Stamper
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Science for Life Laboratory, Dept. of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mira Akber
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruta Nadisauskaite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Jansson
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Vandamme
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiara Sorini
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marijke Elise Grundeken
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Rolandsdotter
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Rassidakis
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Ideström
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Eulitz
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Henrik Arnell
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme of Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wiencke JK, Nissen E, Koestler DC, Tamaki SJ, Tamaki CM, Hansen HM, Warrier G, Hadad S, McCoy L, Rice T, Clarke J, Taylor JW, Salas LA, Christensen BC, Kelsey KT, Butler R, Molinaro AM. Enrichment of a neutrophil-like monocyte transcriptional state in glioblastoma myeloid suppressor cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3793353. [PMID: 38234734 PMCID: PMC10793488 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3793353/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are lethal central nervous system cancers associated with tumor and systemic immunosuppression. Heterogeneous monocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) are implicated in the altered immune response in GBM, but M-MDSC ontogeny and definitive phenotypic markers are unknown. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we revealed heterogeneity in blood M-MDSC from GBM subjects and an enrichment in a transcriptional state reminiscent of neutrophil-like monocytes (NeuMo), a newly described pathway of monopoiesis in mice. Human NeuMo gene expression and Neu-like deconvolution fraction algorithms were created to quantitate the enrichment of this transcriptional state in GBM subjects. NeuMo populations were also observed in M-MDSCs from lung and head and neck cancer subjects. Dexamethasone (DEX) and prednisone exposures increased the usage of Neu-like states, which were inversely associated with tumor purity and survival in isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDH WT) gliomas. Anti-inflammatory ZC3HA12/Regnase-1 transcripts were highly correlated with NeuMo expression in tumors and in blood M-MDSC from GBM, lung, and head and neck cancer subjects. Additional novel transcripts of immune-modulating proteins were identified. Collectively, these findings provide a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of M-MDSCs in GBM as cells with different clonal histories and may reshape approaches to study and therapeutically target these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emily Nissen
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Stan J Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry CoLab, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0511, USA
| | - Courtney M Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry CoLab, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0511, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Gayathri Warrier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sara Hadad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Rondi Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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4
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Len JS, Koh CWT, Chan KR. The Functional Roles of MDSCs in Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 16:27. [PMID: 38257728 PMCID: PMC10821470 DOI: 10.3390/v16010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among those with co-morbidities, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. However, the molecular determinants critical for severe COVID-19 progression remain to be fully elucidated. Meta-analyses of transcriptomic RNAseq and single-cell sequencing datasets comparing severe and mild COVID-19 patients have demonstrated that the early expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) could be a key feature of severe COVID-19 progression. Besides serving as potential early prognostic biomarkers for severe COVID-19 progression, several studies have also indicated the functional roles of MDSCs in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis and possibly even long COVID. Given the potential links between MDSCs and severe COVID-19, we examine the existing literature summarizing the characteristics of MDSCs, provide evidence of MDSCs in facilitating severe COVID-19 pathogenesis, and discuss the potential therapeutic avenues that can be explored to reduce the risk and burden of severe COVID-19. We also provide a web app where users can visualize the temporal changes in specific genes or MDSC-related gene sets during severe COVID-19 progression and disease resolution, based on our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Soon Len
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Clara W. T. Koh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
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5
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Bhargava A, Knapp JD. Immunological Misfiring and Sex Differences/Similarities in Early COVID-19 Studies: Missed Opportunities of Making a Real IMPACT. Cells 2023; 12:2591. [PMID: 37998327 PMCID: PMC10670326 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-associated intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were recognized as critical health issues that contributed to morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Severe symptoms in COVID-19 patients are often accompanied by cytokine release syndrome. Here, we analyzed publicly available data from the Yale IMPACT cohort to address immunological misfiring and sex differences in early COVID-19 patients. In 2020, SARS-CoV-2 was considered far more pathogenic and lethal than other circulating respiratory viruses, and the inclusion of SARS-CoV-2 negative patients in IMPACT cohorts confounds many findings. We ascertained the impact of several important biological variables such as days from symptom onset (DFSO); pre-existing risk factors, including obesity; and early COVID-19 treatments on significantly changed immunological measures in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients that survived versus those that did not. Deceased patients had 19 unique measures that were not shared with ICU patients including increased granzyme-B-producing GzB+CD8+ T cells and interferon-γ. Male COVID-19 patients in ICU experienced many more changes in immunological and clinical measures than female ICU patients (25% vs. ~16%, respectively). A total of 13/124 measures including CCL5, CCL17, IL-18, IFNα2, Fractalkine, classical monocytes, T cells, and CD4Temra exhibited significant sex differences in female vs. male COVID-19 patients. A total of nine measures including IL-21, CCL5, and CD4Temra differed significantly between female and male healthy controls. Immunosuppressed patients experienced the most decreases in CD4Temra and CD8Tem cell numbers. None of the early COVID-19 treatments were effective in reducing levels of IL-6, a major component of the cytokine storm. Obesity (BMI >30) was the most impactful risk factor for COVID-19-related deaths and worst clinical outcomes. Our analysis highlights the contribution of biological sex, risk factors, and early treatments with respect to COVID-19-related ICU admission and progression to morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhargava
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of ObGyn, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Aseesa Inc., Hillsborough, CA 94010, USA;
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6
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Hackney JA, Shivram H, Vander Heiden J, Overall C, Orozco L, Gao X, Kim E, West N, Qamra A, Chang D, Chakrabarti A, Choy DF, Combes AJ, Courau T, Fragiadakis GK, Rao AA, Ray A, Tsui J, Hu K, Kuhn NF, Krummel MF, Erle DJ, Kangelaris K, Sarma A, Lyon Z, Calfee CS, Woodruff PG, Ghale R, Mick E, Byrne A, Zha BS, Langelier C, Hendrickson CM, van der Wijst MG, Hartoularos GC, Grant T, Bueno R, Lee DS, Greenland JR, Sun Y, Perez R, Ogorodnikov A, Ward A, Ye CJ, Ramalingam T, McBride JM, Cai F, Teterina A, Bao M, Tsai L, Rosas IO, Regev A, Kapadia SB, Bauer RN, Rosenberger CM. A myeloid program associated with COVID-19 severity is decreased by therapeutic blockade of IL-6 signaling. iScience 2023; 26:107813. [PMID: 37810211 PMCID: PMC10551843 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered myeloid inflammation and lymphopenia are hallmarks of severe infections. We identified the upregulated EN-RAGE gene program in airway and blood myeloid cells from patients with acute lung injury from SARS-CoV-2 or other causes across 7 cohorts. This program was associated with greater clinical severity and predicted future mechanical ventilation and death. EN-RAGEhi myeloid cells express features consistent with suppressor cell functionality, including low HLA-DR and high PD-L1. Sustained EN-RAGE program expression in airway and blood myeloid cells correlated with clinical severity and increasing expression of T cell dysfunction markers. IL-6 upregulated many EN-RAGE program genes in monocytes in vitro. IL-6 signaling blockade by tocilizumab in a placebo-controlled clinical trial led to rapid normalization of EN-RAGE and T cell gene expression. This identifies IL-6 as a key driver of myeloid dysregulation associated with worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients and provides insights into shared pathophysiological mechanisms in non-COVID-19 ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haridha Shivram
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Chris Overall
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Luz Orozco
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nathan West
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aditi Qamra
- Hoffman-La Roche Limited, 7070 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 5M8, Canada
| | - Diana Chang
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - David F. Choy
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Tristan Courau
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Arjun Arkal Rao
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arja Ray
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Tsui
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Hu
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David J. Erle
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Aartik Sarma
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Lyon
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rajani Ghale
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eran Mick
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Byrne
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Monique G.P. van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tianna Grant
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raymund Bueno
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David S. Lee
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yang Sun
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Perez
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Ward
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Fang Cai
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anastasia Teterina
- Hoffman-La Roche Limited, 7070 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 5M8, Canada
| | - Min Bao
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Larry Tsai
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ivan O. Rosas
- Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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7
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Lubin R, Gvili R, Hazan I, Yona S. Human Dendritic Cell Enrichment and Their Activation of T Cells. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e873. [PMID: 37610279 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) enable the immune system to mount and modulate precisely targeted responses to various threats across the organism by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Historically, DCs have been classified as conventional (cDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC). More recently, cDCs were acknowledged as a heterogenous population composed of several subsets. Examining the functional diversity of cDCs in healthy homeostasis and pathology requires a robust experimental pipeline, beginning with an efficient enrichment protocol in preparation for cell sorting. Unfortunately, several commercial DC enrichment kits were developed before the discovery of the more recently described DC populations. Here, we detail two approaches to enrich human blood DCs or certain DC subsets and an in vitro protocol to examine DC stimulation of naïve T cells. The methods employed here overcome many hurdles encountered while enriching human DC subsets. Basic Protocol 1 describes a method that will enrich pDC, Axl Siglec6-DC (AS-DC), cDC1, DC2, DC3, monocytes, and human HLA+ cells by crosslinking unwanted cells to erythrocytes. Basic Protocol 2 describes the enrichment of pDC, AS-DC, cDC1, and DC2 but not DC3 via a highly efficient negative magnetic selection that is valuable in circumstances where DC3 is not required. Finally, Basic Protocol 3 describes a conventional protocol to perform a Mixed leucocyte Reaction (MLR) following the isolation of these DC subsets. These methods detail the advantages and pitfalls when isolating a heterogeneous population of cells. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Human peripheral mononuclear phagocyte enrichment Basic Protocol 2: DC enrichment of pDC, cDC1, AS-DC, and DC2 but not DC3 Basic Protocol 3: Basic mixed lymphocyte reaction protocol with sorted human DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Lubin
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rotem Gvili
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Hazan
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simon Yona
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Shaw JA, Malherbe ST, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Suppressive myeloid cells in SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222911. [PMID: 37545508 PMCID: PMC10399583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data show that both current and previous tuberculosis (TB) increase the risk of in-hospital mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and there is a similar trend for poor outcomes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection after recent SARS-CoV-2. A shared dysregulation of immunity explains the dual risk posed by co-infection, but the specific mechanisms are being explored. While initial attention focused on T cell immunity, more comprehensive analyses revealed a dysfunctional innate immune response in COVID-19, characterized by reduced numbers of dendritic cells, NK cells and a redistribution of mononuclear phagocytes towards intermediate myeloid subsets. During hyper- or chronic inflammatory processes, activation signals from molecules such as growth factors and alarmins lead to the expansion of an immature population of myeloid cells called myeloid-deprived suppressor cells (MDSC). These cells enter a state of pathological activation, lose their ability to rapidly clear pathogens, and instead become broadly immunosuppressive. MDSC are enriched in the peripheral blood of patients with severe COVID-19; associated with mortality; and with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. In TB, MDSC have been implicated in loss of control of Mtb in the granuloma and ineffective innate and T cell immunity to the pathogen. Considering that innate immune sensing serves as first line of both anti-bacterial and anti-viral defence mechanisms, we propose MDSC as a crucial mechanism for the adverse clinical trajectories of TB-COVID-19 coinfection.
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9
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Svensson Akusjärvi S, Krishnan S, Ambikan AT, Mikaeloff F, Munusamy Ponnan S, Vesterbacka J, Lourda M, Nowak P, Sönnerborg A, Neogi U. Role of myeloid cells in system-level immunometabolic dysregulation during prolonged successful HIV-1 treatment. AIDS 2023; 37:1023-1033. [PMID: 36779490 PMCID: PMC10155691 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Why people with HIV-1 on ART (PWH ART ) display convoluted metabolism and immune cell functions during prolonged suppressive therapy is not well evaluated. In this study, we aimed to address this question using multiomics methodologies to investigate immunological and metabolic differences between PWH ART and HIV-1 negative individuals (HC). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Untargeted and targeted metabolomics was performed using gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and targeted proteomics using Olink inflammation panel on plasma samples. The cellular metabolic state was further investigated using flow cytometry and intracellular metabolic measurement in single-cell populations isolated by EasySep cell isolation. Finally, flow cytometry was performed for deep-immunophenotyping of mononuclear phagocytes. RESULTS We detected increased levels of glutamate, lactate, and pyruvate by plasma metabolomics and increased inflammatory markers (e.g. CCL20 and CCL7) in PWH ART compared to HC. The metabolite transporter detection by flow cytometry in T cells and monocytes indicated an increased expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) in PWH ART . Single cell-type metabolite measurement identified decreased glucose, glutamate, and lactate in monocytic cell populations in PWH ART . Deep-immunophenotyping of myeloid cell lineages subpopulations showed no difference in cell frequency, but expression levels of CCR5 were increased on classical monocytes and some dendritic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data thus suggest that the myeloid cell populations potentially contribute significantly to the modulated metabolic environment during suppressive HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Svensson Akusjärvi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuba Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anoop T. Ambikan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flora Mikaeloff
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sivasankaran Munusamy Ponnan
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, USA
| | - Jan Vesterbacka
- Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Magda Lourda
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Stephens R, Grainger JR, Smith CJ, Allan SM. Systemic innate myeloid responses to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:281-294. [PMID: 36346451 PMCID: PMC9641697 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke account for significant disability and morbidity burdens worldwide. The myeloid arm of the peripheral innate immune system is critical in the immunological response to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DC) contribute to the evolution of pathogenic local and systemic inflammation, whilst maintaining a critical role in ongoing immunity protecting against secondary infections. This review aims to summarise the key alterations to myeloid immunity in acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). By integrating clinical and preclinical research, we discover how myeloid immunity is affected across multiple organ systems including the brain, blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lung, and evaluate how these perturbations associate with real-world outcomes including infection. These findings are placed in the context of the rapidly developing field of human immunology, which offers a wealth of opportunity for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stephens
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John R Grainger
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig J Smith
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Zhang MN, Yuan YL, Ao SH. Advances in the study of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in infectious lung diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125737. [PMID: 37063919 PMCID: PMC10090681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells capable of inhibiting T-cell responses. MDSCs have a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response of the body to pathogens, especially in inflammatory response and pathogenesis during anti-infection. Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses use MDSCs as their infectious targets, and even some pathogens may exploit the inhibitory activity of MDSCs to enhance pathogen persistence and chronic infection of the host. Recent researches have revealed the pathogenic significance of MDSCs in pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, despite the fact that the majority of studies on MDSCs have focused on tumor immune evasion. With the increased prevalence of viral respiratory infections, the resurgence of classical tuberculosis, and the advent of medication resistance in common bacterial pneumonia, research on MDSCs in these illnesses is intensifying. The purpose of this work is to provide new avenues for treatment approaches to pulmonary infectious disorders by outlining the mechanism of action of MDSCs as a biomarker and therapeutic target in pulmonary infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Nan Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Lai Yuan
- The Department of Respirology of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Su-Hua Ao
- The Department of Respirology of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Su-Hua Ao,
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12
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Immune Dynamics Involved in Acute and Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. IMMUNO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a viral disease that has caused millions of deaths around the world since 2020. Many strategies have been developed to manage patients in critical conditions; however, comprehension of the immune system is a key factor in viral clearance, tissue repairment, and adaptive immunity stimulus. Participation of immunity has been identified as a major factor, along with biomarkers, prediction of clinical outcomes, and antibody production after infection. Immune cells have been proposed not only as a hallmark of severity, but also as a predictor of clinical outcomes, while dynamics of inflammatory molecules can also induce worse consequences for acute patients. For convalescent patients, mild disease was related to higher antibody production, although the factors related to the specific antibodies based on a diversity of antigens were not clear. COVID-19 was explored over time; however, the study of immunological predictors of outcomes is still lacking discussion, especially in convalescent patients. Here, we propose a review using previously published studies to identify immunological markers of COVID-19 outcomes and their relation to antibody production to further contribute to the clinical and laboratorial management of patients.
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13
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Filippatos F, Tatsi EB, Michos A. Immunology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome after COVID-19 in Children: A Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065711. [PMID: 36982783 PMCID: PMC10057510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children are still under investigation. Even though coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually mild in the pediatric population, some children exhibit severe clinical manifestations, require hospitalization, or develop the most severe condition: a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The activated innate, humoral and T-cell-mediated immunological pathways that lead certain pediatric populations to present with MIS-C or remain asymptomatic after SARS-CoV-2 infection are yet to be established. This review focuses on the immunological aspects of MIS-C with respect to innate, humoral, and cellular immunity. In addition, presents the role of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein as a superantigen in the pathophysiological mechanisms, discusses the great heterogeneity among the immunological studies in the pediatric population, and highlights possible reasons why some children with a certain genetic background present with MIS-C.
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14
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Li J, Huang F, Ma Q, Guo W, Feng K, Huang T, Cai YD. Identification of genes related to immune enhancement caused by heterologous ChAdOx1-BNT162b2 vaccines in lymphocytes at single-cell resolution with machine learning methods. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131051. [PMID: 36936955 PMCID: PMC10017451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely used ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ChAd) vector and BNT162b2 (BNT) mRNA vaccines have been shown to induce robust immune responses. Recent studies demonstrated that the immune responses of people who received one dose of ChAdOx1 and one dose of BNT were better than those of people who received vaccines with two homologous ChAdOx1 or two BNT doses. However, how heterologous vaccines function has not been extensively investigated. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing data from three classes of samples: volunteers vaccinated with heterologous ChAdOx1-BNT and volunteers vaccinated with homologous ChAd-ChAd and BNT-BNT vaccinations after 7 days were divided into three types of immune cells (3654 B, 8212 CD4+ T, and 5608 CD8+ T cells). To identify differences in gene expression in various cell types induced by vaccines administered through different vaccination strategies, multiple advanced feature selection methods (max-relevance and min-redundancy, Monte Carlo feature selection, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, light gradient boosting machine, and permutation feature importance) and classification algorithms (decision tree and random forest) were integrated into a computational framework. Feature selection methods were in charge of analyzing the importance of gene features, yielding multiple gene lists. These lists were fed into incremental feature selection, incorporating decision tree and random forest, to extract essential genes, classification rules and build efficient classifiers. Highly ranked genes include PLCG2, whose differential expression is important to the B cell immune pathway and is positively correlated with immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, and B2M, which is associated with thymic T cell differentiation. This study gave an important contribution to the mechanistic explanation of results showing the stronger immune response of a heterologous ChAdOx1-BNT vaccination schedule than two doses of either BNT or ChAdOx1, offering a theoretical foundation for vaccine modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Computer Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin, China
| | - FeiMing Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - QingLan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - KaiYan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Winheim E, Eser T, Deák F, Ahmed MIM, Baranov O, Rinke L, Eisenächer K, Santos-Peral A, Karimzadeh H, Pritsch M, Scherer C, Muenchhoff M, Hellmuth JC, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Olbrich L, Hoelscher M, Wieser A, Kroidl I, Rothenfusser S, Geldmacher C, Krug AB. Distinct and dynamic activation profiles of circulating dendritic cells and monocytes in mild COVID-19 and after yellow fever vaccination. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250090. [PMID: 36404054 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the myeloid cell compartment is a feature of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Here, we investigated the response of circulating dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 infected outpatients with mild disease and compared it to the response of healthy individuals to yellow fever vaccine virus YF17D as a model of a well-coordinated response to viral infection. In SARS-CoV-2-infected outpatients circulating DCs were persistently reduced for several weeks whereas after YF17D vaccination DC numbers were decreased temporarily and rapidly replenished by increased proliferation until 14 days after vaccination. The majority of COVID-19 outpatients showed high expression of CD86 and PD-L1 in monocytes and DCs early on, resembling the dynamic after YF17D vaccination. In a subgroup of patients, low CD86 and high PD-L1 expression were detected in monocytes and DCs coinciding with symptoms, higher age, and lower lymphocyte counts. This phenotype was similar to that observed in severely ill COVID-19 patients, but less pronounced. Thus, prolonged reduction and dysregulated activation of blood DCs and monocytes were seen in a subgroup of symptomatic non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients while a transient coordinated activation was characteristic for the majority of patients with mild COVID-19 and the response to YF17D vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Winheim
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea Eser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Flora Deák
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed I M Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Baranov
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linus Rinke
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenächer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Santos-Peral
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Karimzadeh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes C Hellmuth
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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16
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Vangeti S, Falck-Jones S, Yu M, Österberg B, Liu S, Asghar M, Sondén K, Paterson C, Whitley P, Albert J, Johansson N, Färnert A, Smed-Sörensen A. Human influenza virus infection elicits distinct patterns of monocyte and dendritic cell mobilization in blood and the nasopharynx. eLife 2023; 12:77345. [PMID: 36752598 PMCID: PMC9977282 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During respiratory viral infections, the precise roles of monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) in the nasopharynx in limiting infection and influencing disease severity are incompletely described. We studied circulating and nasopharyngeal monocytes and DCs in healthy controls (HCs) and in patients with mild to moderate infections (primarily influenza A virus [IAV]). As compared to HCs, patients with acute IAV infection displayed reduced DC but increased intermediate monocytes frequencies in blood, and an accumulation of most monocyte and DC subsets in the nasopharynx. IAV patients had more mature monocytes and DCs in the nasopharynx, and higher levels of TNFα, IL-6, and IFNα in plasma and the nasopharynx than HCs. In blood, monocytes were the most frequent cellular source of TNFα during IAV infection and remained responsive to additional stimulation with TLR7/8L. Immune responses in older patients skewed towards increased monocyte frequencies rather than DCs, suggesting a contributory role for monocytes in disease severity. In patients with other respiratory virus infections, we observed changes in monocyte and DC frequencies in the nasopharynx distinct from IAV patients, while differences in blood were more similar across infection groups. Using SomaScan, a high-throughput aptamer-based assay to study proteomic changes between patients and HCs, we found differential expression of innate immunity-related proteins in plasma and nasopharyngeal secretions of IAV and SARS-CoV-2 patients. Together, our findings demonstrate tissue-specific and pathogen-specific patterns of monocyte and DC function during human respiratory viral infections and highlight the importance of comparative investigations in blood and the nasopharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Vangeti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Sara Falck-Jones
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Björn Österberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Sang Liu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Klara Sondén
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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17
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The Landscape of Expressed Chimeric Transcripts in the Blood of Severe COVID-19 Infected Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020433. [PMID: 36851647 PMCID: PMC9958880 DOI: 10.3390/v15020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has quickly developed into a global public health threat. COVID-19 patients show distinct clinical features, and in some cases, during the severe stage of the condition, the disease severity leads to an acute respiratory disorder. In spite of several pieces of research in this area, the molecular mechanisms behind the development of disease severity are still not clearly understood. Recent studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 alters the host cell splicing and transcriptional response to overcome the host immune response that provides the virus with favorable conditions to replicate efficiently within the host cells. In several disease conditions, aberrant splicing could lead to the development of novel chimeric transcripts that could promote the functional alternations of the cell. As severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported to cause abnormal splicing in the infected cells, we could expect the generation and expression of novel chimeric transcripts. However, no study so far has attempted to check whether novel chimeric transcripts are expressed in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study, we analyzed several publicly available blood transcriptome datasets of severe COVID-19, mild COVID-19, other severe respiratory viral infected patients, and healthy individuals. We identified 424 severe COVID-19 -specific chimeric transcripts, 42 of which were recurrent. Further, we detected 189 chimeric transcripts common to severe COVID-19 and multiple severe respiratory viral infections. Pathway and gene enrichment analysis of the parental genes of these two subsets of chimeric transcripts reveals that these are potentially involved in immune-related processes, interferon signaling, and inflammatory responses, which signify their potential association with immune dysfunction leading to the development of disease severity. Our study provides the first detailed expression landscape of chimeric transcripts in severe COVID-19 and other severe respiratory viral infections.
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18
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Falck-Jones S, Österberg B, Smed-Sörensen A. Respiratory and systemic monocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in COVID-19: Implications for disease severity. J Intern Med 2023; 293:130-143. [PMID: 35996885 PMCID: PMC9538918 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020, researchers worldwide have made efforts to understand the mechanisms behind the varying range of COVID-19 disease severity. Since the respiratory tract is the site of infection, and immune cells differ depending on their anatomical location, studying blood is not sufficient to understand the full immunopathogenesis in patients with COVID-19. It is becoming increasingly clear that monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) are involved in the immunopathology of COVID-19 and may play important roles in determining disease severity. Patients with mild COVID-19 display an early antiviral (interferon) response in the nasopharynx, expansion of activated intermediate monocytes, and low levels of M-MDSCs in blood. In contrast, patients with severe COVID-19 seem to lack an early efficient induction of interferons, and skew towards a more suppressive response in blood. This is characterized by downregulation of activation markers and decreased functional capacity of blood monocytes and DCs, reduced circulating DCs, and increased levels of HLA-DRlo CD14+ M-MDSCs. These suppressive characteristics could potentially contribute to delayed T-cell responses in severe COVID-19 cases. In contrast, airways of patients with severe COVID-19 display hyperinflammation with elevated levels of inflammatory monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, and reduced levels of tissue-resident alveolar macrophages. These monocyte-derived cells contribute to excess inflammation by producing cytokines and chemokines. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of monocytes, DCs, and M-MDSCs in COVID-19 and how alterations and the anatomical distribution of these cell populations may relate to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Falck-Jones
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Österberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Cords L, Woost R, Kummer S, Brehm TT, Kluge S, Schmiedel S, Jordan S, Lohse AW, Altfeld M, Addo MM, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Beisel C. Frequency of IRF5+ dendritic cells is associated with the TLR7-induced inflammatory cytokine response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cytokine 2023; 162:156109. [PMID: 36529029 PMCID: PMC9744680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to enhanced inflammation driven by innate immune responses. Upon TLR7 stimulation, dendritic cells (DC) mediate the production of inflammatory cytokines, and in particular of type I interferons (IFN). Especially in DCs, IRF5 is a key transcription factor that regulates pathogen-induced immune responses via activation of the MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway. In the current study, the frequencies of IRF5+ DCs and the association with innate cytokine responses in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with different disease courses were investigated. In addition to a decreased number of mDC and pDC subsets, we could show reduced relative IRF5+ frequencies in mDCs of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals compared with healthy donors. Functionally, mDCs of COVID-19 patients produced lower levels of IL-6 in response to in vitro TLR7 stimulation. IRF5+ mDCs more frequently produced IL-6 and TNF-α compared to their IRF5- counterparts upon TLR7 ligation. The correlation of IRF5+ mDCs with the frequencies of IL-6 and TNF-α producing mDCs were indicators for a role of IRF5 in the regulation of cytokine responses in mDCs. In conclusion, our data provide further insights into the underlying mechanisms of TLR7-dependent immune dysfunction and identify IRF5 as a potential immunomodulatory target in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Cords
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Woost
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Kummer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas T Brehm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmiedel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Jordan
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Hamburg, Germany; Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Beisel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg - Lübeck - Borstel - Riems, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Arguinchona LM, Zagona-Prizio C, Joyce ME, Chan ED, Maloney JP. Microvascular significance of TGF-β axis activation in COVID-19. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1054690. [PMID: 36684608 PMCID: PMC9852847 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1054690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As 2023 approaches, the COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions. While vaccines have been a crucial intervention, only a few effective medications exist for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in breakthrough cases or in unvaccinated or immunocompromised patients. SARS-CoV-2 displays early and unusual features of micro-thrombosis and immune dysregulation that target endothelial beds of the lungs, skin, and other organs. Notably, anticoagulation improves outcomes in some COVID-19 patients. The protein transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) has constitutive roles in maintaining a healthy microvasculature through its roles in regulating inflammation, clotting, and wound healing. However, after infection (including viral infection) TGF-β1 activation may augment coagulation, cause immune dysregulation, and direct a path toward tissue fibrosis. Dysregulation of TGF-β signaling in immune cells and its localization in areas of microvascular injury are now well-described in COVID-19, and such events may contribute to the acute respiratory distress syndrome and skin micro-thrombosis outcomes frequently seen in severe COVID-19. The high concentration of TGF-β in platelets and in other cells within microvascular thrombi, its ability to activate the clotting cascade and dysregulate immune pathways, and its pro-fibrotic properties all contribute to a unique milieu in the COVID-19 microvasculature. This unique environment allows for propagation of microvascular clotting and immune dysregulation. In this review we summarize the physiological functions of TGF-β and detail the evidence for its effects on the microvasculature in COVID-19. In addition, we explore the potential role of existing TGF-β inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 associated microvascular thrombosis and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Arguinchona
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Caterina Zagona-Prizio
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Megan E. Joyce
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward D. Chan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States,National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - James P. Maloney
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: James P. Maloney,
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21
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Hopkins FR, Govender M, Svanberg C, Nordgren J, Waller H, Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Å, Henningsson AJ, Hagbom M, Sjöwall J, Nyström S, Larsson M. Major alterations to monocyte and dendritic cell subsets lasting more than 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1082912. [PMID: 36685582 PMCID: PMC9846644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction After more than two years the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to burden healthcare systems and economies worldwide, and it is evident that the effects on the immune system can persist for months post-infection. The activity of myeloid cells such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) is essential for correct mobilization of the innate and adaptive responses to a pathogen. Impaired levels and responses of monocytes and DC to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is likely to be a driving force behind the immune dysregulation that characterizes severe COVID-19. Methods Here, we followed a cohort of COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the early waves of the pandemic for 6-7 months. The levels and phenotypes of circulating monocyte and DC subsets were assessed to determine both the early and long-term effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We found increased monocyte levels that persisted for 6-7 months, mostly attributed to elevated levels of classical monocytes. Myeloid derived suppressor cells were also elevated over this period. While most DC subsets recovered from an initial decrease, we found elevated levels of cDC2/cDC3 at the 6-7 month timepoint. Analysis of functional markers on monocytes and DC revealed sustained reduction in program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression but increased CD86 expression across almost all cell types examined. Finally, C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated positively to the levels of intermediate monocytes and negatively to the recovery of DC subsets. Conclusion By exploring the myeloid compartments, we show here that alterations in the immune landscape remain more than 6 months after severe COVID-19, which could be indicative of ongoing healing and/or persistence of viral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis R. Hopkins
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Melissa Govender
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svanberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Waller
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson
- Division of Infection and Inflammation, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Department of Infectious Diseases, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna J. Henningsson
- Division of Infection and Inflammation, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine in Jönköping, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Hagbom
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sjöwall
- Division of Infection and Inflammation, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Department of Infectious Diseases, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Nyström
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,*Correspondence: Marie Larsson,
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22
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Kvedaraite E, Milne P, Khalilnezhad A, Chevrier M, Sethi R, Lee HK, Hagey DW, von Bahr Greenwood T, Mouratidou N, Jädersten M, Lee NYS, Minnerup L, Yingrou T, Dutertre CA, Benac N, Hwang YY, Lum J, Loh AHP, Jansson J, Teng KWW, Khalilnezhad S, Weili X, Resteu A, Liang TH, Guan NL, Larbi A, Howland SW, Arnell H, Andaloussi SEL, Braier J, Rassidakis G, Galluzzo L, Dzionek A, Henter JI, Chen J, Collin M, Ginhoux F. Notch-dependent cooperativity between myeloid lineages promotes Langerhans cell histiocytosis pathology. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eadd3330. [PMID: 36525505 PMCID: PMC7614120 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a potentially fatal neoplasm characterized by the aberrant differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, driven by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation. LCH cells may trigger destructive pathology yet remain in a precarious state finely balanced between apoptosis and survival, supported by a unique inflammatory milieu. The interactions that maintain this state are not well known and may offer targets for intervention. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq and protein analysis to dissect LCH lesions, assessing LCH cell heterogeneity and comparing LCH cells with normal mononuclear phagocytes within lesions. We found LCH discriminatory signatures pointing to senescence and escape from tumor immune surveillance. We also uncovered two major lineages of LCH with DC2- and DC3/monocyte-like phenotypes and validated them in multiple pathological tissue sites by high-content imaging. Receptor-ligand analyses and lineage tracing in vitro revealed Notch-dependent cooperativity between DC2 and DC3/monocyte lineages during expression of the pathognomonic LCH program. Our results present a convergent dual origin model of LCH with MAPK pathway activation occurring before fate commitment to DC2 and DC3/monocyte lineages and Notch-dependent cooperativity between lineages driving the development of LCH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kvedaraite
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Milne
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marion Chevrier
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raman Sethi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Kai Lee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel W. Hagey
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatiana von Bahr Greenwood
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgrens Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Mouratidou
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jädersten
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Yee Shin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lara Minnerup
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Tan Yingrou
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
- National Skin Center, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathan Benac
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - You Yi Hwang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amos Hong Pheng Loh
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jessica Jansson
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen Wei Weng Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shabnam Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Weili
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anastasia Resteu
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Tey Hong Liang
- National Skin Centre, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Ng Lai Guan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Wu Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henrik Arnell
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir EL Andaloussi
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge Braier
- Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Dr Prof JP Garrahan, Pathology Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgios Rassidakis
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Galluzzo
- Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Dr Prof JP Garrahan, Pathology Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgrens Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Narional Unietsoty of Sinapore (NUS)
| | - Matthew Collin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Candida Species Isolation from Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19-A Retrospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123065. [PMID: 36553072 PMCID: PMC9776868 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has so far led to hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths. Fungal infections are known to complicate COVID-19 patients and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of positive cultures for Candida spp. among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, describe their characteristics and identify factors associated with overall mortality in this patient population. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with Candida spp. isolation were retrospectively assessed and their clinical, laboratory and microbiological characteristics were assessed and evaluated. In total, 69 patients with COVID-19 had a positive culture for Candida spp., representing a rate of 4.5% among all hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Their median age was 78 years (IQR 67-85 years) and 44.9% were male. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and Candida spp. isolation who died were older, were more likely to have a diagnosis of dementia, and had higher Charlson comorbidity index, higher Candida score and higher 4C score. Candida score was identified with a multivariate logistic regression analysis model to be independently associated with mortality. The most commonly identified Candida species was C. albicans, followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata and the most common source was the urine, even though in most cases the positive culture was not associated with a true infection. Thus, Candida score may be used in COVID-19 patients with isolation of Candida spp. from different body specimens for mortality risk stratification.
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24
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Cellular immune states in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016304. [PMID: 36505442 PMCID: PMC9726761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The general immune state plays important roles against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Cells of the immune system are encountering rapid changes during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. Reduced fraction of functional CD8+ T cells, disrupted cross-talking between CD8+ T cells with dendritic cells (DCs), and impaired immunological T-cell memory, along with the higher presence of hyperactive neutrophils, high expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and non-classical monocytes, and attenuated cytotoxic capacity of natural killer (NK) cells, are all indicative of low efficient immunity against viral surge within the body. Immune state and responses from pro- or anti-inflammatory cells of the immune system to SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in this review. We also suggest some strategies to enhance the power of immune system against SARS-CoV-2-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran,*Correspondence: Keywan Mortezaee, ;
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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25
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Segura E. Human dendritic cell subsets: An updated view of their ontogeny and functional specialization. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1759-1767. [PMID: 35187651 PMCID: PMC9790408 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human DCs have been divided into several subsets based on their phenotype and ontogeny. Recent high throughput single-cell methods have revealed additional heterogeneity within human DC subsets, and new subpopulations have been proposed. In this review, we provide an updated view of the human DC subsets and of their ontogeny supported by recent clinical studies . We also summarize their main characteristics including their functional specialization.
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26
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Rajamanickam A, Kumar NP, Pandiaraj AN, Selvaraj N, Munisankar S, Renji RM, Venkatramani V, Murhekar M, Thangaraj JWV, Kumar MS, Kumar CPG, Bhatnagar T, Ponnaiah M, Sabarinathan R, Saravanakumar V, Babu S. Restoration of dendritic cell homeostasis and Type I/Type III interferon levels in convalescent COVID-19 individuals. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:51. [PMID: 36289478 PMCID: PMC9607715 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells play a vital role in the protection against viral infections. In COVID-19, there is an impairment of dendritic cell (DC) function and interferon secretion which has been correlated with disease severity. Results In this study, we described the frequency of DC subsets and the plasma levels of Type I (IFNα, IFNβ) and Type III Interferons (IFNλ1), IFNλ2) and IFNλ3) in seven groups of COVID-19 individuals, classified based on days since RT-PCR confirmation of SARS-CoV2 infection. Our data shows that the frequencies of pDC and mDC increase from Days 15–30 to Days 61–90 and plateau thereafter. Similarly, the levels of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNλ1, IFNλ2 and IFNλ3 increase from Days 15–30 to Days 61–90 and plateau thereafter. COVID-19 patients with severe disease exhibit diminished frequencies of pDC and mDC and decreased levels of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNλ1, IFNλ2 and IFNλ3. Finally, the percentages of DC subsets positively correlated with the levels of Type I and Type III IFNs. Conclusion Thus, our study provides evidence of restoration of homeostatic levels in DC subset frequencies and circulating levels of Type I and Type III IFNs in convalescent COVID-19 individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-022-00526-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- grid.417330.20000 0004 1767 6138Immunology-ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arul Nancy Pandiaraj
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nandhini Selvaraj
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rachel Mariam Renji
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Manoj Murhekar
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Manickam Ponnaiah
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ramasamy Sabarinathan
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Velusamy Saravanakumar
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Subash Babu
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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27
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Weiss LJ, Drayss M, Mott K, Droste M, Just B, Arold AM, Nieswandt B, Weismann D, Stegner D, Schulze H. The homophilic CD84 receptor is upregulated on platelets in COVID-19 and sepsis. Thromb Res 2022; 220:121-124. [PMID: 36334399 PMCID: PMC9595407 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Weiss
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Drayss
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Mott
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Margret Droste
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Just
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna M. Arold
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Weismann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany,Corresponding author at: University Hospital Würzburg, Institute for Experimental Biomedicine, Chair I, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Yao Y, Subedi K, Liu T, Khalasawi N, Pretto-Kernahan CD, Wotring JW, Wang J, Yin C, Jiang A, Fu C, Dimitrion P, Li J, Veenstra J, Yi Q, McKinnon K, McKinnon JE, Sexton JZ, Zhou L, Mi QS. Surface translocation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 upon TLR4/7/8 activation is required for SARS-CoV-2 infection in circulating monocytes. Cell Discov 2022; 8:89. [PMID: 36085197 PMCID: PMC9462622 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInfection of human peripheral blood cells by SARS-CoV-2 has been debated because immune cells lack mRNA expression of both angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease type 2 (TMPRSS2). Herein we demonstrate that resting primary monocytes harbor abundant cytoplasmic ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein and that circulating exosomes contain significant ACE2 protein. Upon ex vivo TLR4/7/8 stimulation, cytoplasmic ACE2 was quickly translocated to the monocyte cell surface independently of ACE2 transcription, while TMPRSS2 surface translocation occurred in conjunction with elevated mRNA expression. The rapid translocation of ACE2 to the monocyte cell surface was blocked by the endosomal trafficking inhibitor endosidin 2, suggesting that endosomal ACE2 could be derived from circulating ACE2-containing exosomes. TLR-stimulated monocytes concurrently expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 on the cell surface were efficiently infected by SARS-CoV-2, which was significantly mitigated by remdesivir, TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat, and anti-ACE2 antibody. Mass cytometry showed that ACE2 surface translocation in peripheral myeloid cells from patients with severe COVID-19 correlated with its hyperactivation and PD-L1 expression. Collectively, TLR4/7/8-induced ACE2 translocation with TMPRSS2 expression makes circulating monocytes permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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29
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Liu Y, Song L, Zheng N, Shi J, Wu H, Yang X, Xue N, Chen X, Li Y, Sun C, Chen C, Tang L, Ni X, Wang Y, Shi Y, Guo J, Wang G, Zhang Z, Qin J. A urinary proteomic landscape of COVID-19 progression identifies signaling pathways and therapeutic options. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1866-1880. [PMID: 35290573 PMCID: PMC8922985 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling pathway alterations in COVID-19 of living humans as well as therapeutic targets of the host proteins are not clear. We analyzed 317 urine proteomes, including 86 COVID-19, 55 pneumonia and 176 healthy controls, and identified specific RNA virus detector protein DDX58/RIG-I only in COVID-19 samples. Comparison of the COVID-19 urinary proteomes with controls revealed major pathway alterations in immunity, metabolism and protein localization. Biomarkers that may stratify severe symptoms from moderate ones suggested that macrophage induced inflammation and thrombolysis may play a critical role in worsening the disease. Hyper activation of the TCA cycle is evident and a macrophage enriched enzyme CLYBL is up regulated in COVID-19 patients. As CLYBL converts the immune modulatory TCA cycle metabolite itaconate through the citramalyl-CoA intermediate to acetyl-CoA, an increase in CLYBL may lead to the depletion of itaconate, limiting its anti-inflammatory function. These observations suggest that supplementation of itaconate and inhibition of CLYBL are possible therapeutic options for treating COVID-19, opening an avenue of modulating host defense as a means of combating SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nairen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hongxing Wu
- Beijing Pineal Health Management Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Beijing Pineal Health Management Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nianci Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yimin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin, 301800, China
| | - Cha Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lijuan Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaotian Ni
- Beijing Pineal Health Management Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yaling Shi
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Jianwen Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin, 301800, China.
| | - Zhongde Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
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30
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Kudryavtsev IV, Arsentieva NA, Korobova ZR, Isakov DV, Rubinstein AA, Batsunov OK, Khamitova IV, Kuznetsova RN, Savin TV, Akisheva TV, Stanevich OV, Lebedeva AA, Vorobyov EA, Vorobyova SV, Kulikov AN, Sharapova MA, Pevtsov DE, Totolian AA. Heterogenous CD8+ T Cell Maturation and 'Polarization' in Acute and Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:1906. [PMID: 36146713 PMCID: PMC9504186 DOI: 10.3390/v14091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptive antiviral immune response requires interaction between CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Th1 cells for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the data regarding the role of CD8+ T cells in the acute phase of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome are still limited. METHODS . Peripheral blood samples collected from patients with acute COVID-19 (n = 71), convalescent subjects bearing serum SARS-CoV-2 N-protein-specific IgG antibodies (n = 51), and healthy volunteers with no detectable antibodies to any SARS-CoV-2 proteins (HC, n = 46) were analyzed using 10-color flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with acute COVID-19 vs. HC and COVID-19 convalescents showed decreased absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells, whereas the frequency of CM and TEMRA CD8+ T cells in acute COVID-19 vs. HC was elevated. COVID-19 convalescents vs. HC had increased naïve and CM cells, whereas TEMRA cells were decreased compared to HC. Cell-surface CD57 was highly expressed by the majority of CD8+ T cells subsets during acute COVID-19, but convalescents had increased CD57 on 'naïve', CM, EM4, and pE1 2-3 months post-symptom onset. CXCR5 expression was altered in acute and convalescent COVID-19 subjects, whereas the frequencies of CXCR3+ and CCR4+ cells were decreased in both patient groups vs. HC. COVID-19 convalescents had increased CCR6-expressing CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CXCR3+CCR6- Tc1 cells were decreased in patients with acute COVID-19 and COVID-19 convalescents, whereas Tc2 and Tc17 levels were increased compared to HC. Finally, IL-27 negatively correlated with the CCR6+ cells in acute COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS We described an abnormal CD8+ T cell profile in COVID-19 convalescents, which resulted in lower frequencies of effector subsets (TEMRA and Tc1), higher senescent state (upregulated CD57 on 'naïve' and memory cells), and higher frequencies of CD8+ T cell subsets expressing lung tissue and mucosal tissue homing molecules (Tc2, Tc17, and Tc17.1). Thus, our data indicate that COVID-19 can impact the long-term CD8+ T cell immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Arsentieva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zoia R. Korobova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Isakov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem A. Rubinstein
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg K. Batsunov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V. Khamitova
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raisa N. Kuznetsova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tikhon V. Savin
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Akisheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oksana V. Stanevich
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Prof. Popov St. 15/17, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A. Lebedeva
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Vorobyov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Snejana V. Vorobyova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Kulikov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A. Sharapova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E. Pevtsov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Areg A. Totolian
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Multi-omics personalized network analyses highlight progressive disruption of central metabolism associated with COVID-19 severity. Cell Syst 2022; 13:665-681.e4. [PMID: 35933992 PMCID: PMC9263811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The clinical outcome and disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are heterogeneous, and the progression or fatality of the disease cannot be explained by a single factor like age or comorbidities. In this study, we used system-wide network-based system biology analysis using whole blood RNA sequencing, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, plasma metabolomics, and single-cell-type metabolomics of monocytes to identify the potential determinants of COVID-19 severity at personalized and group levels. Digital cell quantification and immunophenotyping of the mononuclear phagocytes indicated a substantial role in coordinating the immune cells that mediate COVID-19 severity. Stratum-specific and personalized genome-scale metabolic modeling indicated monocarboxylate transporter family genes (e.g., SLC16A6), nucleoside transporter genes (e.g., SLC29A1), and metabolites such as α-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate, and butyrate could play a crucial role in COVID-19 severity. Metabolic perturbations targeting the central metabolic pathway (TCA cycle) can be an alternate treatment strategy in severe COVID-19.
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32
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Combining Deep Phenotyping of Serum Proteomics and Clinical Data via Machine Learning for COVID-19 Biomarker Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169161. [PMID: 36012423 PMCID: PMC9409308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of long-term coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) sequelae demands better insights into its natural history. Therefore, it is crucial to discover the biomarkers of disease outcome to improve clinical practice. In this study, 160 COVID-19 patients were enrolled, of whom 80 had a “non-severe” and 80 had a “severe” outcome. Sera were analyzed by proximity extension assay (PEA) to assess 274 unique proteins associated with inflammation, cardiometabolic, and neurologic diseases. The main clinical and hematochemical data associated with disease outcome were grouped with serological data to form a dataset for the supervised machine learning techniques. We identified nine proteins (i.e., CD200R1, MCP1, MCP3, IL6, LTBP2, MATN3, TRANCE, α2-MRAP, and KIT) that contributed to the correct classification of COVID-19 disease severity when combined with relative neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. By analyzing PEA, clinical and hematochemical data with statistical methods that were able to handle many variables in the presence of a relatively small sample size, we identified nine potential serum biomarkers of a “severe” outcome. Most of these were confirmed by literature data. Importantly, we found three biomarkers associated with central nervous system pathologies and protective factors, which were downregulated in the most severe cases.
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33
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McCulloch L, Mouat IC, South K, McColl BW, Allan SM, Smith CJ. Stroke-induced changes to immune function and their relevance to increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac004. [PMID: 38566903 PMCID: PMC10917238 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic moves towards endemic disease, it remains of key importance to identify groups of individuals vulnerable to severe infection and understand the biological factors that mediate this risk. Stroke patients are at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19, likely due to stroke-induced alterations to systemic immune function. Furthermore, immune responses associated with severe COVID-19 in patients without a history of stroke parallel many of the immune alterations induced by stroke, possibly resulting in a compounding effect that contributes to worsened disease severity. In this review, we discuss the changes to systemic immune function that likely contribute to augmented COVID-19 severity in patients with a history of stroke and the effects of COVID-19 on the immune system that may exacerbate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McCulloch
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isobel C Mouat
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kieron South
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig J Smith
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated invasive fungal infections are an important complication in a substantial number of critically ill, hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Three groups of fungal pathogens cause co-infections in COVID-19: Aspergillus, Mucorales and Candida species, including Candida auris. Here we review the incidence of COVID-19-associated invasive fungal infections caused by these fungi in low-, middle- and high-income countries. By evaluating the epidemiology, clinical risk factors, predisposing features of the host environment and immunological mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of these co-infections, we set the scene for future research and development of clinical guidance. Hoenigl and colleagues review the epidemiology, immunology and clinical risk factors contributing to COVID-19-associated fungal infections.
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35
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Van der Sluis RM, Holm CK, Jakobsen MR. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells during COVID-19: Ally or adversary? Cell Rep 2022; 40:111148. [PMID: 35858624 PMCID: PMC9279298 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized cells of the immune system that are thought to be the main cellular source of type I interferon alpha (IFNα) in response to viral infections. IFNs are powerful antivirals, whereas defects in their function or induction lead to impaired resistance to virus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. IFN production needs to be controlled, because sustained IFN production can also have detrimental effects on disease outcome. As such, pDCs are likely important for acute antiviral protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection but could potentially also contribute to chronic IFN levels. Here, we provide a historical overview of pDC biology and summarize existing literature addressing their involvement and importance during viral infections of the airways. Furthermore, we outline recent reports focused on the potential role of pDCs during SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the potential for this cellular subset to impact COVID-19 disease outcome.
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36
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Colarusso C, Terlizzi M, Maglio A, Molino A, Candia C, Vitale C, Hansbro PM, Vatrella A, Pinto A, Sorrentino R. Activation of the AIM2 Receptor in Circulating Cells of Post-COVID-19 Patients With Signs of Lung Fibrosis Is Associated With the Release of IL-1α, IFN-α and TGF-β. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934264. [PMID: 35844548 PMCID: PMC9277546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for COVID-19, has caused a global pandemic. Observational studies revealed a condition, herein called as Long-COVID syndrome (PC), that affects both moderately and severely infected patients, reducing quality-of-life. The mechanism/s underlying the onset of fibrotic-like changes in PC are still not well defined. The goal of this study was to understand the involvement of the Absent in melanoma-2 (AIM2) inflammasome in PC-associated lung fibrosis-like changes revealed by chest CT scans. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from PC patients who did not develop signs of lung fibrosis were not responsive to AIM2 activation by Poly dA:dT. In sharp contrast, PBMCs from PC patients with signs of lung fibrosis were highly responsive to AIM2 activation, which induced the release of IL-1α, IFN-α and TGF-β. The recognition of Poly dA:dT was not due to the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase, a stimulator of interferon response (cGAS-STING) pathways, implying a role for AIM2 in PC conditions. The release of IFN-α was caspase-1- and caspase-4-dependent when AIM2 was triggered. Instead, the release of pro-inflammatory IL-1α and pro-fibrogenic TGF-β were inflammasome independent because the inhibition of caspase-1 and caspase-4 did not alter the levels of the two cytokines. Moreover, the responsiveness of AIM2 correlated with higher expression of the receptor in circulating CD14+ cells in PBMCs from patients with signs of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Molino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Candia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Feyaerts D, Hédou J, Gillard J, Chen H, Tsai ES, Peterson LS, Ando K, Manohar M, Do E, Dhondalay GKR, Fitzpatrick J, Artandi M, Chang I, Snow TT, Chinthrajah RS, Warren CM, Wittman R, Meyerowitz JG, Ganio EA, Stelzer IA, Han X, Verdonk F, Gaudillière DK, Mukherjee N, Tsai AS, Rumer KK, Jacobsen DR, Bjornson-Hooper ZB, Jiang S, Saavedra SF, Valdés Ferrer SI, Kelly JD, Furman D, Aghaeepour N, Angst MS, Boyd SD, Pinsky BA, Nolan GP, Nadeau KC, Gaudillière B, McIlwain DR. Integrated plasma proteomic and single-cell immune signaling network signatures demarcate mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100680. [PMID: 35839768 PMCID: PMC9238057 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The biological determinants underlying the range of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) clinical manifestations are not fully understood. Here, over 1,400 plasma proteins and 2,600 single-cell immune features comprising cell phenotype, endogenous signaling activity, and signaling responses to inflammatory ligands are cross-sectionally assessed in peripheral blood from 97 patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 and 40 uninfected patients. Using an integrated computational approach to analyze the combined plasma and single-cell proteomic data, we identify and independently validate a multi-variate model classifying COVID-19 severity (multi-class area under the curve [AUC]training = 0.799, p = 4.2e-6; multi-class AUCvalidation = 0.773, p = 7.7e-6). Examination of informative model features reveals biological signatures of COVID-19 severity, including the dysregulation of JAK/STAT, MAPK/mTOR, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) immune signaling networks in addition to recapitulating known hallmarks of COVID-19. These results provide a set of early determinants of COVID-19 severity that may point to therapeutic targets for prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Hédou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Gillard
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eileen S Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura S Peterson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kazuo Ando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monali Manohar
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Evan Do
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gopal K R Dhondalay
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Fitzpatrick
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maja Artandi
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Iris Chang
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theo T Snow
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M Warren
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard Wittman
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin G Meyerowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward A Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ina A Stelzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dyani K Gaudillière
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nilanjan Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristen K Rumer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danielle R Jacobsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zachary B Bjornson-Hooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sergio Fragoso Saavedra
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (MD/PhD Program), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Iván Valdés Ferrer
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Daniel Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Global Health Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; F.I. Proctor Foundation, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Furman
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Austral Institute for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Institute for Research in Translational Medicine (IIMT), Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin S Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudillière
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - David R McIlwain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kudryavtsev IV, Golovkin AS, Totolian AA. T helper cell subsets and related target cells in acute COVID-19. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-thc-1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current review presents a brief overview of the immune system dysregulation during acute COVID-19 and illustrates the main alterations in peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell (Th) subsets as well as related target cells. Effects of dendritic cell dysfunction induced by SARS-CoV-2 exhibited decreased expression of cell-surface HLA-DR, CCR7 as well as co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, suggesting reduced antigen presentation, migratory and activation capacities of peripheral blood dendritic cells. SARS-CoV-2-specific Th cells could be detected as early as days 24 post-symptom onset, whereas the prolonged lack of SARS-CoV-2-specific Th cells was associated with severe and/or poor COVID-19 outcome. Firstly, in acute COVID-19 the frequency of Th1 cell was comparable with control levels, but several studies have reported about upregulated inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors and exhaustion-associated molecules (TIM3, PD-1, BTLA, TIGIT etc.) on circulating CD8+ T-cells and NK-cells, whereas the macrophage count was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Next, type 2 immune responses are mediated mainly by Th2 cells, and several studies have revealed a skewing towards dominance of Th2 cell subset in peripheral blood samples from patients with acute COVID-19. Furthermore, the decrease of circulating main Th2 target cells basophiles and eosinophils were associated with severe COVID-19, whereas the lung tissue was enriched with mast cells and relevant mediators released during degranulation. Moreover, the frequency of peripheral blood Th17 cells was closely linked to COVID-19 severity, so that low level of Th17 cells was observed in patients with severe COVID-19, but in BAL the relative number of Th17 cells as well as the concentrations of relevant effector cytokines were dramatically increased. It was shown that severe COVID-19 patients vs. healthy control had higher relative numbers of neutrophils if compared, and the majority of patients with COVID-19 had increased frequency and absolute number of immature neutrophils with altered ROS production. Finally, the frequency of Tfh cells was decreased during acute COVID-19 infection. Elevated count of activated Tfh were found as well as the alterations in Tfh cell subsets characterized by decreased regulatory Tfh1 cell and increased pro-inflammatory Tfh2 as well as Tfh17 cell subsets were revealed. Descriptions of peripheral blood B cells during an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection werev reported as relative B cell lymphopenia with decreased frequency of nave and memory B cell subsets, as well as increased level of CD27hiCD38hiCD24 plasma cell precursors and atypical CD21low B cells. Thus, the emerging evidence suggests that functional alterations occur in all Th cell subsets being linked with loss-of-functions of main Th cell subsets target cells. Furthermore, recovered individuals could suffer from long-term immune dysregulation and other persistent symptoms lasting for many months even after SARS-CoV-2 elimination, a condition referred to as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
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Beliakova-Bethell N, Maruthai K, Xu R, Salvador LCM, Garg A. Monocytic-Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Suppress T-Cell Responses in Recovered SARS CoV2-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894543. [PMID: 35812392 PMCID: PMC9263272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS Coronavirus 2 (CoV2) is associated with massive immune activation and hyperinflammatory response. Acute and severe CoV2 infection is characterized by the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) because of cytokine storm, these MDSC suppress T cell functions. However, the presence of MDSC and its effect on CoV2 antigen specific T cell responses in individuals long after first detection of CoV2 and recovery from infection has not been studied. We and others have previously shown that CD11b+CD33+CD14+HLA-DR-/lo monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) are present in individuals with clinical recovery from viral infection. In this study, we compared the frequency, functional and transcriptional signatures of M-MDSC isolated from CoV2 infected individuals after 5-months of the first detection of the virus (CoV2+) and who were not infected with CoV2 (CoV2-). Compared to CoV2- individuals, M-MDSC were present in CoV2+ individuals at a higher frequency, the level of M-MDSC correlated with the quantity of IL-6 in the plasma. Compared to CoV2-, increased frequency of PD1+, CD57+ and CX3CR1+ T effector memory (TEM) cell subsets was also present in CoV2+ individuals, but these did not correlate with M-MDSC levels. Furthermore, depleting M-MDSC from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased T cell cytokine production when cultured with the peptide pools of immune dominant spike glycoprotein (S), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) antigens of CoV2. M-MDSC suppressed CoV2 S- antigen-specific T cell in ROS, Arginase, and TGFβ dependent manner. Our gene expression, RNA-seq and pathway analysis studies further confirm that M-MDSC isolated from CoV2+ individuals are enriched in pathways that regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, but the genes regulating these functions (HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-B, NLRP3, IL1β, CXCL2, CXCL1) remained downregulated in M-MDSC isolated from CoV2+ individuals. These results demonstrate that M-MDSC suppresses recall responses to CoV2 antigens long after recovery from infection. Our findings suggest M-MDSC as novel regulators of CoV2 specific T cell responses, and should be considered as target to augment responses to vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Beliakova-Bethell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Veterans Administration (VA) San Diego Healthcare System and Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kathirvel Maruthai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ruijie Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Liliana C. M. Salvador
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ankita Garg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Ljunggren H, Heggernes Ask E, Cornillet M, Strunz B, Chen P, Rao Muvva J, Akber M, Buggert M, Chambers BJ, Cuapio Gomez A, Dzidic M, Filipovic I, Flodström‐Tullberg M, Garcia M, Gorin J, Gredmark‐Russ S, Hertwig L, Klingström J, Kokkinou E, Kvedaraite E, Lourda M, Mjösberg J, Maucourant C, Norrby‐Teglund A, Palma Medina LM, Parrot T, Perez‐Potti A, Ponzetta A, Ringqvist E, Rivera‐Ballesteros O, Rooyackers O, Sandberg JK, Sandberg JT, Sekine T, Svensson M, Varnaite R, Wullimann D, Eriksson LI, Aleman S, Malmberg K, Strålin K, Björkström NK. The Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas: An open resource for immunological research and educational purposes. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13195. [PMID: 35652743 PMCID: PMC9287045 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas project was conceptualized in March 2020 as a part of the academic research response to the developing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The aim was to rapidly provide a curated dataset covering the acute immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, as it occurred during the first wave. The Immune Atlas was built as an open resource for broad research and educational purposes. It contains a presentation of the response evoked by different immune and inflammatory cells in defined naïve patient-groups as they presented with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease. The present Resource Article describes how the Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Immune Atlas allow scientists, students, and other interested parties to freely explore the nature of the immune response towards human SARS-CoV-2 infection in an online setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Gustaf Ljunggren
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eivind Heggernes Ask
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Puran Chen
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jagadeeswara Rao Muvva
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mira Akber
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Benedict J. Chambers
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Angelica Cuapio Gomez
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Majda Dzidic
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Malin Flodström‐Tullberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Marina Garcia
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Gorin
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Sara Gredmark‐Russ
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Laura Hertwig
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Efthymia Kokkinou
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Egle Kvedaraite
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Magda Lourda
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Christopher Maucourant
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Anna Norrby‐Teglund
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Laura M. Palma Medina
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tiphaine Parrot
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - André Perez‐Potti
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Olga Rivera‐Ballesteros
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Olav Rooyackers
- Department of Emergency MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - John Tyler Sandberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Takuya Sekine
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Renata Varnaite
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - David Wullimann
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Lars I. Eriksson
- Department of Emergency MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Karl‐Johan Malmberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Niklas K. Björkström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Meijer L, Böszörményi KP, Bakker J, Koopman G, Mooij P, Verel D, Fagrouch Z, Verstrepen BE, Funke U, Mooijer MPJ, Langermans JAM, Verschoor EJ, Windhorst AD, Stammes MA. Novel application of [ 18F]DPA714 for visualizing the pulmonary inflammation process of SARS-CoV-2-infection in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Nucl Med Biol 2022; 112-113:1-8. [PMID: 35660200 PMCID: PMC9148436 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rationale The aim of this study was to investigate the application of [18F]DPA714 to visualize the inflammation process in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus monkeys, focusing on the presence of pulmonary lesions, activation of mediastinal lymph nodes and surrounded lung tissue. Methods Four experimentally SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus monkeys were followed for seven weeks post infection (pi) with a weekly PET-CT using [18F]DPA714. Two PET images, 10 min each, of a single field-of-view covering the chest area, were obtained 10 and 30 min after injection. To determine the infection process swabs, blood and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were obtained. Results All animals were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in both the swabs and BALs on multiple timepoints pi. The initial development of pulmonary lesions was already detected at the first scan, performed 2-days pi. PET revealed an increased tracer uptake in the pulmonary lesions and mediastinal lymph nodes of all animals from the first scan obtained after infection and onwards. However, also an increased uptake was detected in the lung tissue surrounding the lesions, which persisted until day 30 and then subsided by day 37–44 pi. In parallel, a similar pattern of increased expression of activation markers was observed on dendritic cells in blood. Principal conclusions This study illustrates that [18F]DPA714 is a valuable radiotracer to visualize SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary inflammation, which coincided with activation of dendritic cells in blood. [18F]DPA714 thus has the potential to be of added value as diagnostic tracer for other viral respiratory infections. [18F]DPA714 PET can visualize alterations in the lungs after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The PET signal increases in unaffected lung tissue till day 30 post infection. Dendritic cell activation in blood is increased till day 30/37 post infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Meijer
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Petra Mooij
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Verel
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Uta Funke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam (TCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martien P J Mooijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam (TCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands; Population Health Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Utrect University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam (TCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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42
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Grassi G, Notari S, Gili S, Bordoni V, Casetti R, Cimini E, Tartaglia E, Mariotti D, Agrati C, Sacchi A. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in COVID-19: The Paradox of Good. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842949. [PMID: 35572540 PMCID: PMC9092297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Viral replication in the respiratory tract induces the death of infected cells and the release of pathogen- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs give rise to local inflammation, increasing the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which attract immune cells from the blood into the infected lung. In most individuals, lung-recruited cells clear the infection, and the immune response retreats. However, in some cases, a dysfunctional immune response occurs, which triggers a cytokine storm in the lung, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an impaired innate and adaptive immune response and by a massive expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs function as protective regulators of the immune response, protecting the host from over-immunoreactivity and hyper-inflammation. However, under certain conditions, such as chronic inflammation and cancer, MDSCs could exert a detrimental role. Accordingly, the early expansion of MDSCs in COVID-19 is able to predict the fatal outcome of the infection. Here, we review recent data on MDSCs during COVID-19, discussing how they can influence the course of the disease and whether they could be considered as biomarker and possible targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Grassi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gili
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tartaglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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43
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Dysregulated Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients: A Comprehensive Overview. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051082. [PMID: 35632823 PMCID: PMC9147674 DOI: 10.3390/v14051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in humans more than two years ago and caused an unprecedented socio-economic burden on all countries around the world. Since then, numerous studies have attempted to identify various mechanisms involved in the alterations of innate and adaptive immunity in COVID-19 patients, with the ultimate goal of finding ways to correct pathological changes and improve disease outcomes. State-of-the-art research methods made it possible to establish precise molecular mechanisms which the new virus uses to trigger multisystem inflammatory syndrome and evade host antiviral immune responses. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of published data that provide insight into pathological changes in T and B cell subsets and their phenotypes, accompanying the acute phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. This knowledge might help reveal new biomarkers that can be utilized to recognize case severity early as well as to provide additional objective information on the effective formation of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity and predict long-term complications of COVID-19, including a large variety of symptoms termed the ‘post-COVID-19 syndrome’.
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44
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Chen T, Polak P, Uryasev S. Classification and severity progression measure of COVID-19 patients using pairs of multi-omic factors. J Appl Stat 2022; 50:2473-2503. [PMID: 37529561 PMCID: PMC10388828 DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2022.2064975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients remain two major challenges during the current pandemic. Analysis of molecular changes in blood samples of severe patients is one of the promising approaches to this problem. From thousands of proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic biomarkers selected in other research, we identify several pairs of biomarkers that after additional nonlinear spline transformation are highly effective in classifying and predicting severe COVID-19 cases. The performance of these pairs is evaluated in-sample, in a cross-validation exercise, and in an out-of-sample analysis on two independent datasets. We further improve our classifier by identifying complementary pairs using hierarchical clustering. In a result, we achieve 96-98% AUC on the validation data. Our findings can help medical experts to identify small groups of biomarkers that after nonlinear transformation can be used to construct a cost-effective test for patient screening and prediction of severity progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Chen
- Department of Applied Math & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Paweł Polak
- Department of Applied Math & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stanislav Uryasev
- Department of Applied Math & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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45
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Olingy C, Alimadadi A, Araujo DJ, Barry D, Gutierrez NA, Werbin MH, Arriola E, Patel SP, Ottensmeier CH, Dinh HQ, Hedrick CC. CD33 Expression on Peripheral Blood Monocytes Predicts Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842653. [PMID: 35493454 PMCID: PMC9046782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed cancer medicine, with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy now well-utilized for treating NSCLC. Still, not all patients with NSCLC respond positively to anti-PD-1 therapy, and some patients acquire resistance to treatment. There remains an urgent need to find markers predictive of anti-PD-1 responsiveness. To this end, we performed mass cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 26 patients with NSCLC during anti-PD-1 treatment. Patients who responded to anti-PD-1 ICB displayed significantly higher levels of antigen-presenting myeloid cells, including CD9+ nonclassical monocytes, and CD33hi classical monocytes. Using matched pre-post treatment samples, we found that the baseline pre-treatment frequencies of CD33hi monocytes predicted patient responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, some of these classical and nonclassical monocyte subsets were associated with reduced immunosuppression by T regulatory (CD4+FOXP3+CD25+) cells in the same patients. Our use of machine learning corroborated the association of specific monocyte markers with responsiveness to ICB. Our work provides a high-dimensional profile of monocytes in NSCLC and links CD33 expression on monocytes with anti-PD-1 effectiveness in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Olingy
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Araujo
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David Barry
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Norma A. Gutierrez
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Max Hardy Werbin
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandip Pravin Patel
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine C. Hedrick,
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46
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity during infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Since the discovery of DCs almost 50 years ago, our understanding of their biology in humans has increased substantially. Here, we review both antitumor and tolerogenic DC responses in cancer and discuss lineage-specific contributions by their functionally specialized subsets, including the conventional DC (cDC) subsets cDC1 and cDC2, the newly described DC3, and the plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), focusing on the human setting. In addition, we review the lineage-unrestricted "mature DCs enriched in immunoregulatory molecules" (mregDC) state recently described across different human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kvedaraite
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore.,Inserm U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94800, France.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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47
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Walter LO, Cardoso CC, Santos‐Pirath ÍM, Costa HZ, Gartner R, Werle I, Mohr ETB, da Rosa JS, Felisberto M, Kretzer IF, Masukawa II, Vanny PDA, Luiz MC, de Moraes ACR, Dalmarco EM, Santos‐Silva MC. The relationship between peripheral immune response and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects: A cross-sectional study. Immunology 2022; 165:481-496. [PMID: 35146763 PMCID: PMC9111570 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID-19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty-seven COVID-19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID-19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA-DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID-19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8, accompanied by a reduction in IL-17A and NOx. IL-10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID-19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL-10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Otto Walter
- Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Chandra Chiappin Cardoso
- Division of Clinical AnalysisFlow Cytometry ServiceUniversity Hospital of the Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Íris Mattos Santos‐Pirath
- Division of Clinical AnalysisFlow Cytometry ServiceUniversity Hospital of the Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Heloisa Zorzi Costa
- Division of Clinical AnalysisFlow Cytometry ServiceUniversity Hospital of the Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Rafaela Gartner
- Clinical Analysis DepartmentHealth Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Isabel Werle
- Clinical Analysis DepartmentHealth Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | | | - Julia Salvan da Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Mariano Felisberto
- Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Iara Fabricia Kretzer
- Clinical Analysis DepartmentHealth Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Ivete Ioshiko Masukawa
- Infectious Disease ServiceUniversity Hospital of the Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
- Infectious Disease ServiceNereu Ramos Hospital. State Health DepartmentFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Patrícia de Almeida Vanny
- Infectious Disease ServiceUniversity Hospital of the Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Magali Chaves Luiz
- Infectious Disease ServiceNereu Ramos Hospital. State Health DepartmentFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rabello de Moraes
- Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
- Division of Clinical AnalysisFlow Cytometry ServiceUniversity Hospital of the Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Eduardo Monguilhott Dalmarco
- Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
- Division of Clinical AnalysisFlow Cytometry ServiceUniversity Hospital of the Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Santos‐Silva
- Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
- Division of Clinical AnalysisFlow Cytometry ServiceUniversity Hospital of the Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
- Clinical Analysis DepartmentHealth Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in PharmacyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
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48
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Toscano-Guerra E, Martínez-Gallo M, Arrese-Muñoz I, Giné A, Díaz-Troyano N, Gabriel-Medina P, Riveiro-Barciela M, Labrador-Horrillo M, Martinez-Valle F, Montalvá AS, Hernández-González M, Borrell RP, Rodríguez-Frias F, Ferrer R, Thomson TM, Paciucci R. Recovery of serum testosterone levels is an accurate predictor of survival from COVID-19 in male patients. BMC Med 2022; 20:129. [PMID: 35351135 PMCID: PMC8963401 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection portends a broad range of outcomes, from a majority of asymptomatic cases to a lethal disease. Robust correlates of severe COVID-19 include old age, male sex, poverty, and co-morbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. A precise knowledge of the molecular and biological mechanisms that may explain the association of severe disease with male sex is still lacking. Here, we analyzed the relationship of serum testosterone levels and the immune cell skewing with disease severity in male COVID-19 patients. METHODS Biochemical and hematological parameters of admission samples in 497 hospitalized male and female COVID-19 patients, analyzed for associations with outcome and sex. Longitudinal (in-hospital course) analyses of a subcohort of 114 male patients were analyzed for associations with outcome. Longitudinal analyses of immune populations by flow cytometry in 24 male patients were studied for associations with outcome. RESULTS We have found quantitative differences in biochemical predictors of disease outcome in male vs. female patients. Longitudinal analyses in a subcohort of male COVID-19 patients identified serum testosterone trajectories as the strongest predictor of survival (AUC of ROC = 92.8%, p < 0.0001) in these patients among all biochemical parameters studied, including single-point admission serum testosterone values. In lethal cases, longitudinal determinations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and androstenedione levels did not follow physiological feedback patterns. Failure to reinstate physiological testosterone levels was associated with evidence of impaired T helper differentiation and augmented circulating classical monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Recovery or failure to reinstate testosterone levels is strongly associated with survival or death, respectively, from COVID-19 in male patients. Our data suggest an early inhibition of the central LH-androgen biosynthesis axis in a majority of patients, followed by full recovery in survivors or a peripheral failure in lethal cases. These observations are suggestive of a significant role of testosterone status in the immune responses to COVID-19 and warrant future experimental explorations of mechanistic relationships between testosterone status and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes, with potential prophylactic or therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Toscano-Guerra
- Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Progression Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Mónica Martínez-Gallo
- Immunology Division, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Iria Arrese-Muñoz
- Immunology Division, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Giné
- Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Progression Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Díaz-Troyano
- Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gabriel-Medina
- Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Adrián Sánchez Montalvá
- Infectious Diseases Department, International Health and Tuberculosis Unit National Referral Centre for Tropical Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-González
- Immunology Division, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pujol Borrell
- Immunology Division, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Frias
- Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Ferrer
- Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timothy M Thomson
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
- Barcelona Institute for Molecular Biology, National Science Council (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Networked Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBER-EHD), Instituto Nacional de la Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Plataforma Temática Interdisciplinar Salud Global (PTI-Global Health) CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosanna Paciucci
- Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Progression Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Nelson CE, Namasivayam S, Foreman TW, Kauffman KD, Sakai S, Dorosky DE, Lora NE, Brooks K, Potter EL, Garza NL, Lafont BAP, Johnson RF, Roederer M, Sher A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, de Wit E, Hickman HD, Brenchley JM, Via LE, Barber DL. Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques is associated with viral control prior to antigen-specific T cell responses in tissues. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo0535. [PMID: 35271298 PMCID: PMC8995035 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 primarily replicates in mucosal sites, and more information is needed about immune responses in infected tissues. Here, we used rhesus macaques to model protective primary immune responses in tissues during mild COVID-19. Viral RNA levels were highest on days 1-2 post-infection and fell precipitously thereafter. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lung abnormalities and interferon (IFN)-activated monocytes and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were found on days 3-4 post-infection. Virus-specific effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cells became detectable in the BAL and lung tissue on days 7-10, after viral RNA, radiologic evidence of lung inflammation, and IFN-activated myeloid cells had substantially declined. Notably, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were not detectable in the nasal turbinates, salivary glands, and tonsils on day 10 post-infection. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 replication wanes in the lungs of rhesus macaques prior to T cell responses, and in the nasal and oral mucosa despite the apparent lack of antigen-specific T cells, suggesting that innate immunity efficiently restricts viral replication during mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Nelson
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor W. Foreman
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle E. Dorosky
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nickiana E. Lora
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - NIAID/DIR Tuberculosis Imaging Program3†
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Kelsie Brooks
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E. Lake Potter
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole L. Garza
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bernard A. P. Lafont
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Reed F. Johnson
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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50
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Gheware A, Ray A, Rana D, Bajpai P, Nambirajan A, Arulselvi S, Mathur P, Trikha A, Arava S, Das P, Mridha AR, Singh G, Soneja M, Nischal N, Lalwani S, Wig N, Sarkar C, Jain D. ACE2 protein expression in lung tissues of severe COVID-19 infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4058. [PMID: 35260724 PMCID: PMC8902283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key host protein by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters and multiplies within cells. The level of ACE2 expression in the lung is hypothesised to correlate with an increased risk of severe infection and complications in COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To test this hypothesis, we compared the protein expression status of ACE2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in post-mortem lung samples of patients who died of severe COVID-19 and lung samples obtained from non-COVID-19 patients for other indications. IHC for CD61 and CD163 was performed for the assessment of platelet-rich microthrombi and macrophages, respectively. IHC for SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen was also performed. In a total of 55, 44 COVID-19 post-mortem lung samples were tested for ACE2, 36 for CD163, and 26 for CD61, compared to 15 non-covid 19 control lung sections. Quantification of immunostaining, random sampling, and correlation analysis were used to substantiate the morphologic findings. Our results show that ACE2 protein expression was significantly higher in COVID-19 post-mortem lung tissues than in controls, regardless of sample size. Histomorphology in COVID-19 lungs showed diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), acute bronchopneumonia, and acute lung injury with SARS-CoV-2 viral protein detected in a subset of cases. ACE2 expression levels were positively correlated with increased expression levels of CD61 and CD163. In conclusion, our results show significantly higher ACE2 protein expression in severe COVID-19 disease, correlating with increased macrophage infiltration and microthrombi, suggesting a pathobiological role in disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Gheware
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Animesh Ray
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Deeksha Rana
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aruna Nambirajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Arulselvi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNATC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNATC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anjan Trikha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sudheer Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Geetika Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neeraj Nischal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sanjeev Lalwani
- Division of Forensic Pathology and Molecular Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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