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Zhu W, Xiao L, Hong S, Wang W, Li W, Luo H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Xue Y, Wang D, Niu J, Drlica K, Zhao X. Exogenous Glucose Interferes with Antimicrobial-Mediated ROS Accumulation and Bacterial Death. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38735064 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Glucose is widely used in the reconstitution of intravenous medications, which often include antimicrobials. How glucose affects antimicrobial activity has not been comprehensively studied. The present work reports that glucose added to bacteria growing in a rich medium suppresses the bactericidal but not the bacteriostatic activity of several antimicrobial classes, thereby revealing a phenomenon called glucose-mediated antimicrobial tolerance. Glucose, at concentrations corresponding to blood-sugar levels of humans, increased survival of Escherichia coli treated with quinolones, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins with little effect on minimal inhibitory concentration. Glucose suppressed a ROS surge stimulated by ciprofloxacin. Genes involved in phosphorylated fructose metabolism contributed to glucose-mediated tolerance, since a pfkA deficiency, which blocks the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, eliminated protection by glucose. Disrupting the pentose phosphate pathway or the TCA cycle failed to alter glucose-mediated tolerance, consistent with an upstream involvement of phosphorylated fructose. Exogenous sodium pyruvate or sodium citrate reversed glucose-mediated antimicrobial tolerance. Both metabolites bypass the effects of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a compound known to scavenge hydroxyl radical and chelate iron, activities that suppress ROS accumulation. Treatment with these two compounds constitutes a novel way to mitigate the glucose-mediated antimicrobial tolerance that may exist during intravenous antimicrobial therapy, especially for diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Lisheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Shouqiang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Huan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Yunxin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Dai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 209 South Hubin Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361004, China
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States of America
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-117 South Xiang-An Road, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
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2
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Podkowik M, Perault AI, Putzel G, Pountain A, Kim J, DuMont AL, Zwack EE, Ulrich RJ, Karagounis TK, Zhou C, Haag AF, Shenderovich J, Wasserman GA, Kwon J, Chen J, Richardson AR, Weiser JN, Nowosad CR, Lun DS, Parker D, Pironti A, Zhao X, Drlica K, Yanai I, Torres VJ, Shopsin B. Quorum-sensing agr system of Staphylococcus aureus primes gene expression for protection from lethal oxidative stress. eLife 2024; 12:RP89098. [PMID: 38687677 PMCID: PMC11060713 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The agr quorum-sensing system links Staphylococcus aureus metabolism to virulence, in part by increasing bacterial survival during exposure to lethal concentrations of H2O2, a crucial host defense against S. aureus. We now report that protection by agr surprisingly extends beyond post-exponential growth to the exit from stationary phase when the agr system is no longer turned on. Thus, agr can be considered a constitutive protective factor. Deletion of agr resulted in decreased ATP levels and growth, despite increased rates of respiration or fermentation at appropriate oxygen tensions, suggesting that Δagr cells undergo a shift towards a hyperactive metabolic state in response to diminished metabolic efficiency. As expected from increased respiratory gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated more in the agr mutant than in wild-type cells, thereby explaining elevated susceptibility of Δagr strains to lethal H2O2 doses. Increased survival of wild-type agr cells during H2O2 exposure required sodA, which detoxifies superoxide. Additionally, pretreatment of S. aureus with respiration-reducing menadione protected Δagr cells from killing by H2O2. Thus, genetic deletion and pharmacologic experiments indicate that agr helps control endogenous ROS, thereby providing resilience against exogenous ROS. The long-lived 'memory' of agr-mediated protection, which is uncoupled from agr activation kinetics, increased hematogenous dissemination to certain tissues during sepsis in ROS-producing, wild-type mice but not ROS-deficient (Cybb-/-) mice. These results demonstrate the importance of protection that anticipates impending ROS-mediated immune attack. The ubiquity of quorum sensing suggests that it protects many bacterial species from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podkowik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andrew I Perault
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gregory Putzel
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andrew Pountain
- Institute for Systems Genetics; NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkUnited States
| | - Ashley L DuMont
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Erin E Zwack
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert J Ulrich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Theodora K Karagounis
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology; NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andreas F Haag
- School of Medicine, University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia Shenderovich
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gregory A Wasserman
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health Lenox Hill HospitalNew YorkUnited States
| | - Junbeom Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Anthony R Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jeffrey N Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carla R Nowosad
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Desmond S Lun
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Computer Science, Rutgers UniversityCamdenUnited States
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkUnited States
| | - Alejandro Pironti
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNew YprkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNewarkUnited States
| | - Itai Yanai
- Institute for Systems Genetics; NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Victor J Torres
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
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3
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Ren QW, Wang Y, Qian J, Zhang XX, Cheng YY, Yu D, Lu L, Wang Y, He X, Mei H, Wu C. Biosynthesis of Ag 2Se nanoparticles as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with excellent biocompatibility. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133201. [PMID: 38113733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag)-containing nanomaterials have emerged as promising alternatives or adjuvants to antibiotics. Ongoing research is dedicated to enhance their antimicrobial efficacy, stability, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability. Microorganism-synthesized Ag-containing nanomaterials offer distinct advantages, especially for various surface modification, which potentially fulfill these objectives. In this study, we present the synthesis of silver-selenium (Bio-Ag2Se) nanoparticles using a yeast strain, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PA-1. These Bio-Ag2Se nanoparticles have small size with a narrow size distribution (12.3 ± 2.9 nm) and long-term stability. They demonstrate a broad antimicrobial spectrum and high antimicrobial efficacy at very low concentrations, effectively targeting microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Furthermore, Bio-Ag2Se nanoparticles exhibit excellent efficacy to inhibit and eliminate biofilms formed by notorious pathogen S. aureus. In contrast, Bio-Ag2Se nanoparticles at effective antibacterial concentrations demonstrate favorable biocompatibility and do not show obvious cytotoxic effects on human and plant cells. To elucidate the antibacterial mechanisms of Bio-Ag2Se nanoparticles against S. aureus and E. coli, transcriptomic analysis and phenotypic examination were employed. The results reveal significant and broad up-regulation in carbon metabolism pathways in both S. aureus and E. coli, suggesting it as one of the major antibacterial mechanisms of Bio-Ag2Se. This study presents a green synthesis strategy for Ag-containing nanoparticles with promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wen Ren
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, Hefei 230024, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, Hefei 230024, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, Hefei 230024, Anhui, China
| | - Xue He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, Hefei 230024, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, Hefei 230024, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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4
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Podkowik M, Perault AI, Putzel G, Pountain A, Kim J, Dumont A, Zwack E, Ulrich RJ, Karagounis TK, Zhou C, Haag AF, Shenderovich J, Wasserman GA, Kwon J, Chen J, Richardson AR, Weiser JN, Nowosad CR, Lun DS, Parker D, Pironti A, Zhao X, Drlica K, Yanai I, Torres VJ, Shopsin B. Quorum-sensing agr system of Staphylococcus aureus primes gene expression for protection from lethal oxidative stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.08.544038. [PMID: 37333372 PMCID: PMC10274873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The agr quorum-sensing system links Staphylococcus aureus metabolism to virulence, in part by increasing bacterial survival during exposure to lethal concentrations of H2O2, a crucial host defense against S. aureus. We now report that protection by agr surprisingly extends beyond post-exponential growth to the exit from stationary phase when the agr system is no longer turned on. Thus, agr can be considered a constitutive protective factor. Deletion of agr increased both respiration and fermentation but decreased ATP levels and growth, suggesting that Δagr cells assume a hyperactive metabolic state in response to reduced metabolic efficiency. As expected from increased respiratory gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated more in the agr mutant than in wild-type cells, thereby explaining elevated susceptibility of Δagr strains to lethal H2O2 doses. Increased survival of wild-type agr cells during H2O2 exposure required sodA, which detoxifies superoxide. Additionally, pretreatment of S. aureus with respiration-reducing menadione protected Δagr cells from killing by H2O2. Thus, genetic deletion and pharmacologic experiments indicate that agr helps control endogenous ROS, thereby providing resilience against exogenous ROS. The long-lived "memory" of agr-mediated protection, which is uncoupled from agr activation kinetics, increased hematogenous dissemination to certain tissues during sepsis in ROS-producing, wild-type mice but not ROS-deficient (Nox2-/-) mice. These results demonstrate the importance of protection that anticipates impending ROS-mediated immune attack. The ubiquity of quorum sensing suggests that it protects many bacterial species from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podkowik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew I. Perault
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Putzel
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Pountain
- Institute for Systems Genetics; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ashley Dumont
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin Zwack
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Ulrich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodora K. Karagounis
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas F. Haag
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Julia Shenderovich
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Junbeom Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony R. Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carla R. Nowosad
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Desmond S. Lun
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alejandro Pironti
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Itai Yanai
- Institute for Systems Genetics; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Kathayat D, VanderVen BC. Exploiting cAMP signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis for drug discovery. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00008-8. [PMID: 38360432 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replicates within host macrophages by adapting to the stressful and nutritionally constrained environments in these cells. Exploiting these adaptations for drug discovery has revealed that perturbing cAMP signaling can restrict Mtb growth in macrophages. Specifically, compounds that agonize or stimulate the bacterial enzyme, Rv1625c/Cya, induce cAMP synthesis and this interferes with the ability of Mtb to metabolize cholesterol. In murine tuberculosis (TB) infection models, Rv1625c/Cya agonists contribute to reducing relapse and shortening combination treatments, highlighting the therapeutic potential for this class of compounds. More recently, cAMP signaling has been implicated in regulating fatty acid utilization by Mtb. Thus, a new model is beginning to emerge in which cAMP regulates the utilization of host lipids by Mtb during infection, and this could provide new targets for TB drug development. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cAMP signaling in Mtb with a focus on our understanding of how cAMP signaling impacts Mtb physiology during infection. We also discuss additional cAMP-related drug targets in Mtb and other bacterial pathogens that may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kathayat
- Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brian C VanderVen
- Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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6
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Parsons JB, Sidders AE, Velez AZ, Hanson BM, Angeles-Solano M, Ruffin F, Rowe SE, Arias CA, Fowler VG, Thaden JT, Conlon BP. In-patient evolution of a high-persister Escherichia coli strain with reduced in vivo antibiotic susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314514121. [PMID: 38190524 PMCID: PMC10801923 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314514121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (GNB-BSI) are common and frequently lethal. Despite appropriate antibiotic treatment, relapse of GNB-BSI with the same bacterial strain is common and associated with poor clinical outcomes and high healthcare costs. The role of persister cells, which are sub-populations of bacteria that survive for prolonged periods in the presence of bactericidal antibiotics, in relapse of GNB-BSI is unclear. Using a cohort of patients with relapsed GNB-BSI, we aimed to determine how the pathogen evolves within the patient between the initial and subsequent episodes of GNB-BSI and how these changes impact persistence. Using Escherichia coli clinical bloodstream isolate pairs (initial and relapse isolates) from patients with relapsed GNB-BSI, we found that 4/11 (36%) of the relapse isolates displayed a significant increase in persisters cells relative to the initial bloodstream infection isolate. In the relapsed E. coli strain with the greatest increase in persisters (100-fold relative to initial isolate), we determined that the increase was due to a loss-of-function mutation in the ptsI gene encoding Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system. The ptsI mutant was equally virulent in a murine bacteremia infection model but exhibited 10-fold increased survival to antibiotic treatment. This work addresses the controversy regarding the clinical relevance of persister formation by providing compelling data that not only do high-persister mutations arise during bloodstream infection in humans but also that these mutants display increased survival to antibiotic challenge in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Parsons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27559
| | - Ashelyn E. Sidders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27559
| | - Amanda Z. Velez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27559
| | | | - Michelle Angeles-Solano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27559
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710
| | - Sarah E. Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27559
| | - Cesar A. Arias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital and Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710
| | - Joshua T. Thaden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710
| | - Brian P. Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27559
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7
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Mohammed IO, Alrasheid AA, Hussein Ayoub SM. GC-MS Analysis and Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus paradisi, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus sinensis Peel Essential Oils as Hand Sanitizer. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:4957712. [PMID: 38204865 PMCID: PMC10776194 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4957712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the setting of healthcare, the use of hand sanitizers and antiseptics for hand hygiene is of paramount importance to avoid transfer of pathogenic microorganism through hand and skin contact. There is an increasing interest in the incorporation of essential oils in hand sanitizer's formula to avoid the adverse effect of conventional hand sanitizers on health. This study aimed to detect the chemical constituents of citrus peel essential oils and study their antimicrobial activity compared with commercial hand sanitizers. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hydrodistillated essential oils of peels of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and orange (Citrus sinensis) were carried out using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. The disc diffusion method was used to screen the antibacterial activity of the essential oils against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans compared with a 78% alcohol-based commercial hand sanitizer. The antimicrobial testing results were statistically analyzed. The highest yield percentage of the obtained essential oils was 1.09% obtained by orange oil. The GC-MS analysis indicated that monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons occupied the largest portion of the chemical composition of the three essential oils with D-limonene as the most predominant component. All essential oils showed activity against all tested organisms. Lime essential oil showed comparable antimicrobial activity relative to the commercial 78% alcohol hand sanitizer. In conclusion, essential oils obtained from citrus fruit peel represent a rich source of compounds possessing antimicrobial properties and could be an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Osman Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control Program, Graduate College, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Saad Mohammed Hussein Ayoub
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan
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David C, Czauderna A, Cheng L, Lagune M, Jung HJ, Kim SG, Pamer EG, Prados J, Chen L, Becattini S. Intestinal carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae undergoes complex transcriptional reprogramming following immune activation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2340486. [PMID: 38659243 PMCID: PMC11057644 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2340486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp) is a significant threat to public health worldwide. The primary reservoir for CR-Kp is the intestinal tract. There, the bacterium is usually present at low density but can bloom following antibiotic treatment, mostly in hospital settings. The impact of disturbances in the intestinal environment on the fitness, survival, expansion, and drug susceptibility of this pathogen is not well-understood, yet it may be relevant to devise strategies to tackle CR-Kp colonization and infection. Here, we adopted an in vivo model to examine the transcriptional adaptation of a CR-Kp clinical isolate to immune activation in the intestine. We report that as early as 6 hours following host treatment with anti-CD3 antibody, CR-Kp underwent rapid transcriptional changes including downregulation of genes involved in sugar utilization and amino acid biosynthesis and upregulation of genes involved in amino acid uptake and catabolism, antibiotic resistance, and stress response. In agreement with these findings, treatment increased the concentration of oxidative species and amino acids in the mouse intestine. Genes encoding for proteins containing the domain of unknown function (DUF) 1471 were strongly upregulated, however their deletion did not impair CR-Kp fitness in vivo upon immune activation. Transcription factor enrichment analysis identified the global regulator cAMP-Receptor Protein, CRP, as a potential orchestrator of the observed transcriptional signature. In keeping with the recognized role of CRP in regulating utilization of alternative carbon sources, crp deletion in CR-Kp resulted in strongly impaired gut colonization, although this effect was not amplified by immune activation. Thus, following intestinal colonization, which occurs in a CRP-dependent manner, CR-Kp can rapidly respond to immune cues by implementing a well-defined and complex transcriptional program whose direct relevance toward bacterial fitness warrants further investigation. Additional analyses utilizing this model may identify key factors to tackle CR-Kp colonization of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement David
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aleksander Czauderna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Liqing Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marion Lagune
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hea-Jin Jung
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sohn G. Kim
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julien Prados
- Bioinformatics Support Platform for data analysis, Faculty of medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Simone Becattini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Tao JJ, Li SH, Wu JH, Peng XX, Li H. pts promoter influences antibiotic resistance via proton motive force and ROS in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1276954. [PMID: 38029124 PMCID: PMC10661408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1276954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glucose level is related to antibiotic resistance. However, underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods Since glucose transport is performed by phosphotransferase system (PTS) in bacteria, pts promoter-deleted K12 (Δpts-P) was used as a model to investigate effect of glucose metabolism on antibiotic resistance. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics was employed to identify a differential metabolome in Δpts-P compared with K12, and with glucose as controls. Results Δpts-P exhibits the resistance to β-lactams and aminoglycosides but not to quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolide antibiotics. Inactivated pyruvate cycle was determined as the most characteristic feature in Δpts-P, which may influence proton motive force (PMF), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) that are related to antibiotic resistance. Thus, they were regarded as three ways for the following study. Glucose promoted PMF and β-lactams-, aminoglycosides-, quinolones-mediated killing in K12, which was inhibited by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. Exogenous glucose did not elevated ROS in K12 and Δpts-P, but the loss of pts promoter reduced ROS by approximately 1/5, which was related to antibiotic resistance. However, NO was neither changed nor related to antibiotic resistance. Discussion These results reveal that pts promoter regulation confers antibiotic resistance via PMF and ROS in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-jun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Guangdong Litai Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Jieyang, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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10
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Pokorzynski ND, Groisman EA. How Bacterial Pathogens Coordinate Appetite with Virulence. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0019822. [PMID: 37358444 PMCID: PMC10521370 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00198-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells adjust growth and metabolism to nutrient availability. Having access to a variety of carbon sources during infection of their animal hosts, facultative intracellular pathogens must efficiently prioritize carbon utilization. Here, we discuss how carbon source controls bacterial virulence, with an emphasis on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which causes gastroenteritis in immunocompetent humans and a typhoid-like disease in mice, and propose that virulence factors can regulate carbon source prioritization by modifying cellular physiology. On the one hand, bacterial regulators of carbon metabolism control virulence programs, indicating that pathogenic traits appear in response to carbon source availability. On the other hand, signals controlling virulence regulators may impact carbon source utilization, suggesting that stimuli that bacterial pathogens experience within the host can directly impinge on carbon source prioritization. In addition, pathogen-triggered intestinal inflammation can disrupt the gut microbiota and thus the availability of carbon sources. By coordinating virulence factors with carbon utilization determinants, pathogens adopt metabolic pathways that may not be the most energy efficient because such pathways promote resistance to antimicrobial agents and also because host-imposed deprivation of specific nutrients may hinder the operation of certain pathways. We propose that metabolic prioritization by bacteria underlies the pathogenic outcome of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick D. Pokorzynski
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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11
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Hong S, Su S, Gao Q, Chen M, Xiao L, Cui R, Guo Y, Xue Y, Wang D, Niu J, Huang H, Zhao X. Enhancement of β-Lactam-Mediated Killing of Gram-Negative Bacteria by Lysine Hydrochloride. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0119823. [PMID: 37310274 PMCID: PMC10434284 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01198-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread bacterial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria is rapidly depleting our antimicrobial arsenal. Adjuvants that enhance the bactericidal activity of existing antibiotics provide a way to alleviate the resistance crisis, as new antimicrobials are becoming increasingly difficult to develop. The present work with Escherichia coli revealed that neutralized lysine (lysine hydrochloride) enhances the bactericidal activity of β-lactams in addition to increasing bacteriostatic activity. When combined, lysine hydrochloride and β-lactam increased expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and raised reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; as expected, agents known to mitigate bactericidal effects of ROS reduced lethality from the combination treatment. Lysine hydrochloride had no enhancing effect on the lethal action of fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. Characterization of a tolerant mutant indicated involvement of the FtsH/HflkC membrane-embedded protease complex in lethality enhancement. The tolerant mutant, which carried a V86F substitution in FtsH, exhibited decreased lipopolysaccharide levels, reduced expression of TCA cycle genes, and reduced levels of ROS. Lethality enhancement by lysine hydrochloride was abolished by treating cultures with Ca2+ or Mg2+, cations known to stabilize the outer membrane. These data, plus damage observed by scanning electron microscopy, indicate that lysine stimulates β-lactam lethality by disrupting the outer membrane. Lethality enhancement of β-lactams by lysine hydrochloride was also observed with Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thereby suggesting that the phenomenon is common among Gram-negative bacteria. Arginine hydrochloride behaved in a similar way. Overall, the combination of lysine or arginine hydrochloride and β-lactam offers a new way to increase β-lactam lethality with Gram-negative pathogens. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative pathogens is a serious medical problem. The present work describes a new study in which a nontoxic nutrient increases the lethal action of clinically important β-lactams. Elevated lethality is expected to reduce the emergence of resistant mutants. The effects were observed with significant pathogens (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), indicating widespread applicability. Examination of tolerant mutants and biochemical measurements revealed involvement of endogenous reactive oxygen species in response to outer membrane perturbation. These lysine hydrochloride-β-lactam data support the hypothesis that lethal stressors can stimulate the accumulation of ROS. Genetic and biochemical work also revealed how an alteration in a membrane protease, FtsH, abolishes lysine stimulation of β-lactam lethality. Overall, the work presents a method for antimicrobial enhancement that should be safe, easy to administer, and likely to apply to other nutrients, such as arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqiang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shaopeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lisheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Runbo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yinli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yunxin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haihui Huang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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12
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Wallace VJ, Sakowski EG, Preheim SP, Prasse C. Bacteria exposed to antiviral drugs develop antibiotic cross-resistance and unique resistance profiles. Commun Biol 2023; 6:837. [PMID: 37573457 PMCID: PMC10423222 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral drugs are used globally as treatment and prophylaxis for long-term and acute viral infections. Even though antivirals also have been shown to have off-target effects on bacterial growth, the potential contributions of antivirals to antimicrobial resistance remains unknown. Herein we explored the ability of different classes of antiviral drugs to induce antimicrobial resistance. Our results establish the previously unrecognized capacity of antivirals to broadly alter the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. Bacteria exposed to antivirals including zidovudine, dolutegravir and raltegravir developed cross-resistance to commonly used antibiotics including trimethoprim, tetracycline, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin. Whole genome sequencing of antiviral-resistant E. coli isolates revealed numerous unique single base pair mutations, as well as multi-base pair insertions and deletions, in genes with known and suspected roles in antimicrobial resistance including those coding for multidrug efflux pumps, carbohydrate transport, and cellular metabolism. The observed phenotypic changes coupled with genotypic results indicate that bacteria exposed to antiviral drugs with antibacterial properties in vitro can develop multiple resistance mutations that confer cross-resistance to antibiotics. Our findings underscore the potential contribution of wide scale usage of antiviral drugs to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance in humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica J Wallace
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric G Sakowski
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Science, Mount St. Mary's University, Emmitsburg, MD, USA
| | - Sarah P Preheim
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Liu T, Li G, Liu Z, Xi L, Ma W, Gao X. Characteristics of aerosols from swine farms: A review of the past two-decade progress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108074. [PMID: 37441818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive swine production, the emission of aerosols from swine farms has become a growing concern, attracting extensive attention. While aerosols are found in various environments, those from swine farms are distinguished from human habitats, such as residential, suburban, and urban areas. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of aerosols from swine farms, this paper reviewed relevant studies conducted between 2000 and 2022. The main components, concentrations, and size distribution of the aerosols were systematically reviewed. The differences between aerosols from swine farms and human living and working environments were compared. Finally, the sources, influencing factors, and reduction technologies for aerosols from swine farms were thoroughly elucidated. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of aerosols inside swine farms varied considerably, and most exceeded safety thresholds. However, further exploration is needed to fully understand the difference in airborne microorganism community structure and particles with small sizes (<1 μm) between swine farms and human living and working environments. More airborne bacterial and viruses were adhered to large particles in swine houses, while the proportion of airborne fungi in the respirable fraction was similar to that of human living and working environments. In addition, swine farms have a higher abundance and diversity of potential pathogens, airborne resistant microorganisms and resistant genes compared to the human living and working environments. The aerosols of swine farms mainly originated from sources such as manure, feed, swine hair and skin, secondary production, and waste treatment. According to the source analysis and factors influencing aerosols in swine farms, various technologies could be employed to mitigate aerosol emissions, and some end-of-pipe technologies need to be further improved before they are widely applied. Swine farms are advised not to increase aerosol concentration in human living and working environments, in order to decrease the impact of aerosols from swine farms on human health and restrain the spread of airborne potential pathogens. This review provides critical insights into aerosols of swine farms, offering guidance for taking appropriate measures to enhance air quality inside and surrounding swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Guoming Li
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Institute for Artificial Intelligence, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Library, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lei Xi
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
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14
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Mattioni Marchetti V, Kraftova L, Finianos M, Sourenian T, Hrabak J, Bitar I. Polyclonal Spread of Fosfomycin Resistance among Carbapenemase-Producing Members of the Enterobacterales in the Czech Republic. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0009523. [PMID: 37098942 PMCID: PMC10269928 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fosfomycin (FOS) has been recently reintroduced into clinical practice, but its effectiveness against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales is reduced due to the emergence of FOS resistance. The copresence of carbapenemases and FOS resistance could drastically limit antibiotic treatment. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate fosfomycin susceptibility profiles among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in the Czech Republic, (ii) to characterize the genetic environment of fosA genes among the collection, and (iii) to evaluate the presence of amino acid mutations in proteins involved in FOS resistance mechanisms. During the period from December 2018 to February 2022, 293 CRE isolates were collected from different hospitals in the Czech Republic. FOS MICs were assessed by the agar dilution method (ADM), FosA and FosC2 production was detected by the sodium phosphonoformate (PPF) test, and the presence of fosA-like genes was confirmed by PCR. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted with an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system on selected strains, and the effect of point mutations in the FOS pathway was predicted using PROVEAN. Of these strains, 29% showed low susceptibility to fosfomycin (MIC, ≥16 μg/mL) by ADM. An NDM-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 648 (ST648) strain harbored a fosA10 gene on an IncK plasmid, while a VIM-producing Citrobacter freundii ST673 strain harbored a new fosA7 variant, designated fosA7.9. Analysis of mutations in the FOS pathway revealed several deleterious mutations occurring in GlpT, UhpT, UhpC, CyaA, and GlpR. Results regarding single substitutions in amino acid sequences highlighted a relationship between ST and specific mutations and an enhanced predisposition for certain STs to develop resistance. This study highlights the occurrence of several FOS resistance mechanisms in different clones spreading in the Czech Republic. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) currently represents a concern for human health, and the reintroduction of antibiotics such as fosfomycin into clinical practice can provide further option in treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. However, there is a global increase of fosfomycin-resistant bacteria, reducing its effectiveness. Considering this increase, it is crucial to monitor the spread of fosfomycin resistance in MDR bacteria in clinical settings and to investigate the resistance mechanism at the molecular level. Our study reports a large variety of fosfomycin resistance mechanisms among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CRE) in the Czech Republic. Our study summarizes the main achievements of our research on the use of molecular technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), to describe the heterogeneous mechanisms that reduce fosfomycin effectiveness in CRE. The results suggest that a program for widespread monitoring of fosfomycin resistance and epidemiology fosfomycin-resistant organisms can aide timely implementation of countermeasures to maintain the effectiveness of fosfomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mattioni Marchetti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - L. Kraftova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M. Finianos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - T. Sourenian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - J. Hrabak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - I. Bitar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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15
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Zhang Q, Peng L, Han W, Chen H, Tang H, Chen X, Langford PR, Huang Q, Zhou R, Li L. The morphology and metabolic changes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during its growth as a biofilm. Vet Res 2023; 54:42. [PMID: 37237397 PMCID: PMC10224306 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important swine respiratory pathogen. Previous studies have suggested that growth as a biofilm is a natural state of A. pleuropneumoniae infection. To understand the survival features involved in the biofilm state, the growth features, morphology and gene expression profiles of planktonic and biofilm A. pleuropneumoniae were compared. A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms showed reduced viability but maintained the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) after late log-phase. Under the microscope, bacteria in biofilms formed dense aggregated structures that were connected by abundant EPS, with reduced condensed chromatin. By construction of Δpga and ΔdspB mutants, polymeric β-1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine and dispersin B were confirmed to be critical for normal biofilm formation. RNA-seq analysis indicated that, compared to their planktonic counterparts, A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms had an extensively altered transcriptome. Carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and translation were significantly repressed, while fermentation and genes contributing to EPS synthesis and translocation were up-regulated. The regulators Fnr (HlyX) and Fis were found to be up-regulated and their binding motifs were identified in the majority of the differentially expressed genes, suggesting their coordinated global role in regulating biofilm metabolism. By comparing the transcriptome of wild-type biofilm and Δpga, the utilization of oligosaccharides, iron and sulfur and fermentation were found to be important in adhesion and aggregation during biofilm formation. Additionally, when used as inocula, biofilm bacteria showed reduced virulence in mouse, compared with planktonic grown cells. Thus, these results have identified new facets of A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm maintenance and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyao Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Qi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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16
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Hou C, Liu L, Ju X, Xiao Y, Li B, You C. Revisiting Fur Regulon Leads to a Comprehensive Understanding of Iron and Fur Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109078. [PMID: 37240425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element because it functions as a cofactor of many enzymes, but excess iron causes cell damage. Iron hemostasis in Escherichia coli was transcriptionally maintained by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur). Despite having been studied extensively, the comprehensive physiological roles and mechanisms of Fur-coordinated iron metabolism still remain obscure. In this work, by integrating a high-resolution transcriptomic study of the Fur wild-type and knockout Escherichia coli K-12 strains in the presence or absence of iron with high-throughput ChIP-seq assay and physiological studies, we revisited the regulatory roles of iron and Fur systematically and discovered several intriguing features of Fur regulation. The size of the Fur regulon was expanded greatly, and significant discrepancies were observed to exist between the regulations of Fur on the genes under its direct repression and activation. Fur showed stronger binding strength to the genes under its repression, and genes that were repressed by Fur were more sensitive to Fur and iron regulation as compared to the genes that were activated by Fur. Finally, we found that Fur linked iron metabolism to many essential processes, and the systemic regulations of Fur on carbon metabolism, respiration, and motility were further validated or discussed. These results highlight how Fur and Fur-controlled iron metabolism affect many cellular processes in a systematic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xian Ju
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunzhu Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Conghui You
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Krol E, Werel L, Essen LO, Becker A. Structural and functional diversity of bacterial cyclic nucleotide perception by CRP proteins. MICROLIFE 2023; 4:uqad024. [PMID: 37223727 PMCID: PMC10187061 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger synthesized by most living organisms. In bacteria, it plays highly diverse roles in metabolism, host colonization, motility, and many other processes important for optimal fitness. The main route of cAMP perception is through transcription factors from the diverse and versatile CRP-FNR protein superfamily. Since the discovery of the very first CRP protein CAP in Escherichia coli more than four decades ago, its homologs have been characterized in both closely related and distant bacterial species. The cAMP-mediated gene activation for carbon catabolism by a CRP protein in the absence of glucose seems to be restricted to E. coli and its close relatives. In other phyla, the regulatory targets are more diverse. In addition to cAMP, cGMP has recently been identified as a ligand of certain CRP proteins. In a CRP dimer, each of the two cyclic nucleotide molecules makes contacts with both protein subunits and effectuates a conformational change that favors DNA binding. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on structural and physiological aspects of E. coli CAP compared with other cAMP- and cGMP-activated transcription factors, and point to emerging trends in metabolic regulation related to lysine modification and membrane association of CRP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Krol
- Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Werel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Oliver Essen
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anke Becker
- Corresponding author. Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35043 Marburg. E-mail:
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Jiang M, Su YB, Ye JZ, Li H, Kuang SF, Wu JH, Li SH, Peng XX, Peng B. Ampicillin-controlled glucose metabolism manipulates the transition from tolerance to resistance in bacteria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8582. [PMID: 36888710 PMCID: PMC9995076 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism(s) of how bacteria acquire tolerance and then resistance to antibiotics remains poorly understood. Here, we show that glucose abundance decreases progressively as ampicillin-sensitive strains acquire resistance to ampicillin. The mechanism involves that ampicillin initiates this event via targeting pts promoter and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) to promote glucose transport and inhibit glycolysis, respectively. Thus, glucose fluxes into pentose phosphate pathway to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing genetic mutations. Meanwhile, PDH activity is gradually restored due to the competitive binding of accumulated pyruvate and ampicillin, which lowers glucose level, and activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex. cAMP/CRP negatively regulates glucose transport and ROS but enhances DNA repair, leading to ampicillin resistance. Glucose and Mn2+ delay the acquisition, providing an effective approach to control the resistance. The same effect is also determined in the intracellular pathogen Edwardsiella tarda. Thus, glucose metabolism represents a promising target to stop/delay the transition of tolerance to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu-bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jin-zhou Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Su-fang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan-xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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Yu M, Jiang C, Meng Y, Wang F, Qian J, Fei F, Yin Z, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Liu H. Effect of low temperature on the resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 to acid electrolyzed water. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112776. [PMID: 37120223 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature can affect the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to other external stress. The present study was envisaged to assess the tolerance of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 to acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) under low temperature stress. AEW treatment caused a damage to cell membrane of the pathogenic bacteria, which led to protein leakage and DNA damage. Compared with the pathogenic bacteria cultured at 37 °C (pure culture), the L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 cells cultivated at low temperature presented a less damage and had a higher survival rate when exposed to AEW. Therefore, 4 °C or 10 °C grown bacteria were less susceptible to AEW than those cultured at 37 °C. And this phenomenon was verified when AEW was used to treat the pathogenic bacteria inoculated in salmon. In addition, transcriptomic sequencing technology (RNA-seq) was used to reveal the mechanism of AEW tolerance of L. monocytogenes under low temperature stress. Transcriptomic analysis showed the expression of the cold shock protein, regulation of DNA-templated transcription, ribosome pathway, phosphotransferase system (PTS), bacteria chemotaxis, SOS response and DNA repair were involved in the resistance of L. monocytogenes to AEW. We speculated that the direct modulation of the expression of cold shock protein CspD, the indirect effect on the expression of cspD by inhibiting the expression of Crp/Fnr family transcriptional regulator or enhancing the level of cAMP by regulating PTS could reduce the resistance of L. monocytogenes cultivated at 4 °C to AEW. Our study contributes to solving the problem of the reduced bacteriostatic effect in cold storage environment.
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Wu N, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Yuan Y, Liu S, Xu T, Cui P, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Mediates a New Mechanism of Persister Formation in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0154622. [PMID: 36475972 PMCID: PMC9927094 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01546-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identification of many genes and pathways involved in the persistence phenomenon in bacteria, the mechanisms of persistence are not well understood. Here, using Escherichia coli, we identified polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) as a key regulator of persister formation. We constructed the pnp knockout strain (Δpnp) and its complemented strain and exposed them to antibiotics and stress conditions. The results showed that, compared with the wild-type strain W3110, the Δpnp strain had significant defects in persistence to antibiotics and stresses, and the persistence phenotype was restored upon complementation with the pnp gene. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that 242 (166 upregulated and 76 downregulated) genes were differentially expressed in the Δpnp strain compared with the W3110 strain. KEGG analysis of the upregulated genes showed that these genes were mostly mapped to metabolism and virulence pathways, of which most are positively regulated by the global regulator cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP). Correspondingly, the transcription level of the crp gene in the Δpnp strain increased 3.22-fold in the early stationary phase. We further explored the indicators of cellular metabolism of the Δpnp strain, the phenotype of the pnp and crp double-deletion mutant, and the transcriptional activity of the crp gene. Our results indicate that PNPase controls cellular metabolism by negatively regulating the crp operon via targeting the 5'-untranslated region of the crp transcript. This study reveals a persister mechanism and provides novel targets for the development of drugs against persisters for more effective treatment. IMPORTANCE Persisters pose significant challenges for a more effective treatment of persistent infections. An improved understanding of mechanisms of persistence will provide therapeutic targets important for the development of better treatments. Since recent studies with the key tuberculosis persister drug pyrazinamide have implicated polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) as a drug target, in this study, we addressed the possibility that PNPase might be involved in persistence in Escherichia coli. Our study demonstrates PNPase indeed being involved in persistence, provides a mechanism by which PNPase controls persister formation, and suggests a new therapeutic target for treating persistent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Singh A, Zhao X, Drlica K. Fluoroquinolone heteroresistance, antimicrobial tolerance, and lethality enhancement. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:938032. [PMID: 36250047 PMCID: PMC9559723 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.938032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With tuberculosis, the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance erodes the ability of treatment to interrupt the progression of MDR-TB to XDR-TB. One way to reduce the emergence of resistance is to identify heteroresistant infections in which subpopulations of resistant mutants are likely to expand and make the infections fully resistant: treatment modification can be instituted to suppress mutant enrichment. Rapid DNA-based detection methods exploit the finding that fluoroquinolone-resistant substitutions occur largely in a few codons of DNA gyrase. A second approach for restricting the emergence of resistance involves understanding fluoroquinolone lethality through studies of antimicrobial tolerance, a condition in which bacteria fail to be killed even though their growth is blocked by lethal agents. Studies with Escherichia coli guide work with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lethal action, which is mechanistically distinct from blocking growth, is associated with a surge in respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mutations in carbohydrate metabolism that attenuate ROS accumulation create pan-tolerance to antimicrobials, disinfectants, and environmental stressors. These observations indicate the existence of a general death pathway with respect to stressors. M. tuberculosis displays a variation on the death pathway idea, as stress-induced ROS is generated by NADH-mediated reductive stress rather than by respiration. A third approach, which emerges from lethality studies, uses a small molecule, N-acetyl cysteine, to artificially increase respiration and additional ROS accumulation. That enhances moxifloxacin lethality with M. tuberculosis in culture, during infection of cultured macrophages, and with infection of mice. Addition of ROS stimulators to fluoroquinolone treatment of tuberculosis constitutes a new direction for suppressing the transition of MDR-TB to XDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Singh, ; Karl Drlica,
| | - Xilin Zhao
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Amit Singh, ; Karl Drlica,
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