1
|
Podkowik M, Perault AI, Putzel G, Pountain A, Kim J, DuMont AL, Zwack EE, Ulrich RJ, Karagounis TK, Zhou C, Haag AF, Shenderovich J, Wasserman GA, Kwon J, Chen J, Richardson AR, Weiser JN, Nowosad CR, Lun DS, Parker D, Pironti A, Zhao X, Drlica K, Yanai I, Torres VJ, Shopsin B. Quorum-sensing agr system of Staphylococcus aureus primes gene expression for protection from lethal oxidative stress. eLife 2024; 12:RP89098. [PMID: 38687677 PMCID: PMC11060713 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The agr quorum-sensing system links Staphylococcus aureus metabolism to virulence, in part by increasing bacterial survival during exposure to lethal concentrations of H2O2, a crucial host defense against S. aureus. We now report that protection by agr surprisingly extends beyond post-exponential growth to the exit from stationary phase when the agr system is no longer turned on. Thus, agr can be considered a constitutive protective factor. Deletion of agr resulted in decreased ATP levels and growth, despite increased rates of respiration or fermentation at appropriate oxygen tensions, suggesting that Δagr cells undergo a shift towards a hyperactive metabolic state in response to diminished metabolic efficiency. As expected from increased respiratory gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated more in the agr mutant than in wild-type cells, thereby explaining elevated susceptibility of Δagr strains to lethal H2O2 doses. Increased survival of wild-type agr cells during H2O2 exposure required sodA, which detoxifies superoxide. Additionally, pretreatment of S. aureus with respiration-reducing menadione protected Δagr cells from killing by H2O2. Thus, genetic deletion and pharmacologic experiments indicate that agr helps control endogenous ROS, thereby providing resilience against exogenous ROS. The long-lived 'memory' of agr-mediated protection, which is uncoupled from agr activation kinetics, increased hematogenous dissemination to certain tissues during sepsis in ROS-producing, wild-type mice but not ROS-deficient (Cybb-/-) mice. These results demonstrate the importance of protection that anticipates impending ROS-mediated immune attack. The ubiquity of quorum sensing suggests that it protects many bacterial species from oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podkowik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andrew I Perault
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gregory Putzel
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andrew Pountain
- Institute for Systems Genetics; NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkUnited States
| | - Ashley L DuMont
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Erin E Zwack
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert J Ulrich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Theodora K Karagounis
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology; NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andreas F Haag
- School of Medicine, University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia Shenderovich
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gregory A Wasserman
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health Lenox Hill HospitalNew YorkUnited States
| | - Junbeom Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Anthony R Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jeffrey N Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carla R Nowosad
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Desmond S Lun
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Computer Science, Rutgers UniversityCamdenUnited States
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkUnited States
| | - Alejandro Pironti
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Microbial Computational Genomic Core Lab, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNew YprkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNewarkUnited States
| | - Itai Yanai
- Institute for Systems Genetics; NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Victor J Torres
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wildy M, Wei W, Xu K, Schossig J, Hu X, Hyun DC, Chen W, Zhang C, Lu P. Heat's Role in Solution Electrospinning: A Novel Approach to Nanofiber Structure Optimization. Langmuir 2024; 40:7982-7991. [PMID: 38569012 PMCID: PMC11025124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we explored an innovative application of heat-assisted solution electrospinning, a technique that significantly advances the control of phase separation in polystyrene (PS) fibers. Our experimental approach involved the use of direct heating and a convection air sheath applied through a coaxial needle, focusing on solvents with varying vapor pressures. This method enabled a detailed investigation into how solvent evaporation rates affect the morphology of the electrospun fibers. SEM and AFM measurements revealed that the application of direct heating and a heated air sheath offered precise control over the fiber morphology, significantly influencing both the surface and internal structure of the fibers. Additionally, we observed notable changes in fiber diameter, indicating that heat-assisted electrospinning can be effectively utilized to tailor fiber dimensions according to specific application requirements. Moreover, our research demonstrated the critical role of solvent properties, particularly vapor pressure, in determining the final characteristics of the electrospun fibers. By comparing fibers produced with different solvents, we gained insights into the complex interplay between solvent dynamics and heat application in fiber formation. The implications of these findings are far-reaching, offering new possibilities for the fabrication of nanofibers with customized properties. Furthermore, this could have profound impacts on various applications, from biomedical to environmental, where specific fiber characteristics are crucial. This study not only contributes to the understanding of phase separation in electrospinning but also opens avenues for further research on the optimization of fiber properties for diverse industrial and scientific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wildy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Wanying Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Kai Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - John Schossig
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Dong Choon Hyun
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry
of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Chemistry
Department, Long Island University (Post), Brookville, New York 11548, United States
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choksi H, Carbone J, Paradis NJ, Bennett L, Bui-Linh C, Wu C. Novel Inhibitors to MmpL3 Transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Structure-Based High-Throughput Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Omega 2024; 9:13782-13796. [PMID: 38559933 PMCID: PMC10976370 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB)-causing bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) utilizes mycolic acids for building the mycobacterial cell wall, which is critical in providing defense against external factors and resisting antibiotic action. MmpL3 is a secondary resistance nodulation division transporter that facilitates the coupled transport of mycolic acid precursor into the periplasm using the proton motive force, thus making it an attractive drug target for TB infection. In 2019, X-ray crystal structures of MmpL3 from M. smegmatis were solved with a promising inhibitor SQ109, which showed promise against drug-resistant TB in Phase II clinical trials. Still, there is a pressing need to discover more effective MmpL3 inhibitors to counteract rising antibiotic resistance. In this study, structure-based high-throughput virtual screening combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified potential novel MmpL3 inhibitors. Approximately 17 million compounds from the ZINC15 database were screened against the SQ109 binding site on the MmpL3 protein using drug property filters and glide XP docking scores. From this, the top nine compounds and the MmpL3-SQ109 crystal complex structure each underwent 2 × 200 ns MD simulations to probe the inhibitor binding energetics to MmpL3. Four of the nine compounds exhibited stable binding properties and favorable drug properties, suggesting these four compounds could be potential novel inhibitors of MmpL3 for M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas J. Paradis
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Lucas Bennett
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Candice Bui-Linh
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prem S, Dev B, Peng C, Mehta M, Alibutud R, Connacher RJ, St Thomas M, Zhou X, Matteson P, Xing J, Millonig JH, DiCicco-Bloom E. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling mediates common neurite and migration defects in both idiopathic and 16p11.2 deletion autism neural precursor cells. eLife 2024; 13:e82809. [PMID: 38525876 PMCID: PMC11003747 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by common behavioral characteristics, raising the possibility of shared pathogenic mechanisms. Yet, vast clinical and etiological heterogeneity suggests personalized phenotypes. Surprisingly, our iPSC studies find that six individuals from two distinct ASD subtypes, idiopathic and 16p11.2 deletion, have common reductions in neural precursor cell (NPC) neurite outgrowth and migration even though whole genome sequencing demonstrates no genetic overlap between the datasets. To identify signaling differences that may contribute to these developmental defects, an unbiased phospho-(p)-proteome screen was performed. Surprisingly despite the genetic heterogeneity, hundreds of shared p-peptides were identified between autism subtypes including the mTOR pathway. mTOR signaling alterations were confirmed in all NPCs across both ASD subtypes, and mTOR modulation rescued ASD phenotypes and reproduced autism NPC-associated phenotypes in control NPCs. Thus, our studies demonstrate that genetically distinct ASD subtypes have common defects in neurite outgrowth and migration which are driven by the shared pathogenic mechanism of mTOR signaling dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Prem
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Bharati Dev
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Cynthia Peng
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Monal Mehta
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Rohan Alibutud
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Robert J Connacher
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Madeline St Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Paul Matteson
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - James H Millonig
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Emanuel DiCicco-Bloom
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khoshtinat Nikkhoi S, Yang G, Owji H, Grizotte-Lake M, Cohen RI, Gil Gonzalez L, Massumi M, Hatefi A. Bispecific immune cell engager enhances the anticancer activity of CD16+ NK cells and macrophages in vitro, and eliminates cancer metastasis in NK humanized NOG mice. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008295. [PMID: 38490714 PMCID: PMC10946374 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a prior report, we detailed the isolation and engineering of a bispecific killer cell engager, referred to as BiKE:E5C1. The BiKE:E5C1 exhibits high affinity/specificity for the CD16a activating receptor on natural killer (NK) cells and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on cancer cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that BiKE:E5C1 can activate the NK cells and induce the killing of HER2+ ovarian and breast cancer cells, surpassing the performance of the best-in-class monoclonal antibody, Trazimera (trastuzumab). To advance this BiKE technology toward clinical application, the objective of this research was to demonstrate the ability of BiKE:E5C1 to activate CD16+ immune cells such as NK cells and macrophages to kill cancer cells, and eradicate metastatic HER2+ tumors in NK humanized NOG mice. METHODS We assessed BiKE:E5C1's potential to activate CD16-expressing peripheral blood (PB)-NK cells, laNK92 cells, and THP-1-CD16A monocyte-macrophages through flowcytometry and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity/phagocytosis (ADCC) assays. Subsequently, laNK92 cells were selected as effector cells and genetically modified to express the nanoluciferase gene, enabling the monitoring of their viability in NK humanized NOG mice using quantitative bioluminescent imaging (qBLI). To evaluate the functionality of BiKE:E5C1 in vivo, we introduced firefly luciferase-expressing ovarian cancer cells via intraperitoneal injection into hIL-15 and hIL-2 NOG mice, creating a model of ovarian cancer metastasis. Once tumor establishment was confirmed, we treated the mice with laNK92 cells plus BiKE:E5C1 and the response to therapy was assessed using qBLI. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that BiKE:E5C1 activates not only laNK92 cells but also PB-NK cells and macrophages, significantly enhancing their anticancer activities. ADCC assay demonstrated that IgG1 Fc region had no impact on BiKE:E5C1's anticancer activity. In vivo results reveal that both hIL-15 and hIL-2 NOG mouse models support the viability and proliferation of laNK92 cells. Furthermore, it was observed that BiKE:E5C1 activates laNK92 cells in mice, leading to eradication of cancer metastasis in both NK humanized hIL-15 and hIL-2 NOG mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our in vivo findings underscore BiKE:E5C1's potential as an immune cell engager capable of activating immune cells for cancer cell elimination, thereby expanding the arsenal of available BiKEs for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ge Yang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hajar Owji
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Rick I Cohen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lazaro Gil Gonzalez
- St Michael's Hospital Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Massumi
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Arash Hatefi
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bryan EJ, Qiao Q, Wang Y, Roberge JY, LaVoie EJ, Pilch DS. A FtsZ Inhibitor That Can Utilize Siderophore-Ferric Iron Uptake Transporter Systems for Activity against Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38534644 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens necessitates the development of new and effective antibiotics. FtsZ is an essential and highly conserved cytoskeletal protein that is an appealing antibacterial target for new antimicrobial therapeutics. However, the effectiveness of FtsZ inhibitors against Gram-negative species has been limited due in part to poor intracellular accumulation. To address this limitation, we have designed a FtsZ inhibitor (RUP4) that incorporates a chlorocatechol siderophore functionality that can chelate ferric iron (Fe3+) and utilizes endogenous siderophore uptake pathways to facilitate entry into Gram-negative pathogens. We show that RUP4 is active against both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, with this activity being dependent on direct Fe3+ chelation and enhanced under Fe3+-limiting conditions. Genetic deletion studies in K. pneumoniae reveal that RUP4 gains entry through the FepA and CirA outer membrane transporters and the FhuBC inner membrane transporter. We also show that RUP4 exhibits bactericidal synergy against K. pneumoniae when combined with select antibiotics, with the strongest synergy observed with PBP2-targeting β-lactams or MreB inhibitors. In the aggregate, our studies indicate that incorporation of Fe3+-chelating moieties into FtsZ inhibitors is an appealing design strategy for enhancing activity against Gram-negative pathogens of global clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Bryan
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Rutgers University Biomedical Innovation Cores, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jacques Y Roberge
- Department of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Rutgers University Biomedical Innovation Cores, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Edmond J LaVoie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Daniel S Pilch
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moreyra AE, Mehta C, Cosgrove NM, Zinonos S, Sargsyan D, Gold A, Trivedi M, Kostis JB, Cabrera J, Kostis WJ. Factors influencing the indication of coronary angiography in patients presenting with chest pain unspecified: an analysis of two decades (1994-2014). Int J Qual Health Care 2024; 36:mzae012. [PMID: 38408270 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Guidelines for cardiac catheterization in patients with non-specific chest pain (NSCP) provide significant room for provider discretion, which has resulted in variability in the utilization of invasive coronary angiograms (CAs) and a high rate of normal angiograms. The overutilization of CAs in patients with NSCP and discharged without a diagnosis of coronary artery disease is an important issue in medical care quality. As a result, we sought to identify patient demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors that influenced the performance of a CA in patients with NSCP who were discharged without a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. We intended to establish reference data points for gauging the success of new initiatives for the evaluation of this patient population. In this 20-year retrospective cohort study (1994-2014), we examined 107 796 patients with NSCP from the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System, a large statewide validated database that contains discharge data for all patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to every non-federal hospital in NJ. Patients were partitioned into two groups: those offered a CA (CA group; n = 12 541) and those that were not (No-CA group; n = 95 255). Geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic variables were compared between the two groups using multivariable logistic regression, which determined the predictive value of each categorical variable on the odds of receiving a CA. Whites were more likely than Blacks and other racial counterparts (19.7% vs. 5.6% and 16.5%, respectively; P < .001) to receive a CA. Geographically, patients who received a CA were more likely admitted to a large hospital compared to small- or medium-sized ones (12.5% vs. 8.9% and 9.7%, respectively; P < .05), a primary teaching institution rather than a teaching affiliate or community center (16.1 % vs. 14.3% and 9.1%, respectively; P < .001), and at a non-rural facility compared to a rural one (12.1% vs. 6.5%; P < .001). Lastly from a socioeconomic standpoint, patients with commercial insurance more often received a CA compared to those having Medicare or Medicaid/self-pay (13.7% vs. 9.5% and 6.0%, respectively; P < .001). The utilization of CA in patients with NSCP discharged without a diagnosis of coronary artery disease in NJ during the study period may be explained by differences in geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. Patients with NSCP should be well scrutinized for CA eligibility, and reliable strategies are needed to reduce discretionary medical decisions and improve quality of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abel E Moreyra
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Chirag Mehta
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street Providence, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Nora M Cosgrove
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Stavros Zinonos
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Alex Gold
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Mihir Trivedi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - John B Kostis
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Javier Cabrera
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - William J Kostis
- Cardiovascular Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arizapana K, Schossig J, Wildy M, Weber D, Gandotra A, Jayaraman S, Wei W, Xu K, Yu L, Mugweru AM, Mantawy I, Zhang C, Lu P. Harnessing the Synergy of Fe and Co with Carbon Nanofibers for Enhanced CO 2 Hydrogenation Performance. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2024; 12:1868-1883. [PMID: 38333202 PMCID: PMC10848290 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Amid growing concerns about climate change and energy sustainability, the need to create potent catalysts for the sequestration and conversion of CO2 to value-added chemicals is more critical than ever. This work describes the successful synthesis and profound potential of high-performance nanofiber catalysts, integrating earth-abundant iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co) as well as their alloy counterpart, FeCo, achieved through electrospinning and judicious thermal treatments. Systematic characterization using an array of advanced techniques, including SEM, TGA-DSC, ICP-MS, XRF, EDS, FTIR-ATR, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the integration and homogeneous distribution of Fe/Co elements in nanofibers and provided insights into their catalytic nuance. Impressively, the bimetallic FeCo nanofiber catalyst, thermally treated at 1050 °C, set a benchmark with an unparalleled CO2 conversion rate of 46.47% at atmospheric pressure and a consistent performance over a 55 h testing period at 500 °C. Additionally, this catalyst exhibited prowess in producing high-value hydrocarbons, comprising 8.01% of total products and a significant 31.37% of C2+ species. Our work offers a comprehensive and layered understanding of nanofiber catalysts, delving into their transformations, compositions, and structures under different calcination temperatures. The central themes of metal-carbon interactions, the potential advantages of bimetallic synergies, and the importance of structural defects all converge to define the catalytic performance of these nanofibers. These revelations not only deepen our understanding but also set the stage for future endeavors in designing advanced nanofiber catalysts with bespoke properties tailored for specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Arizapana
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - John Schossig
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Michael Wildy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Daniel Weber
- Chemistry
Department, Long Island University (Post), Brookville, New York 11548, United States
| | - Akash Gandotra
- Chemistry
Department, Long Island University (Post), Brookville, New York 11548, United States
| | - Sumedha Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Wanying Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Kai Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Amos M. Mugweru
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Islam Mantawy
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Chemistry
Department, Long Island University (Post), Brookville, New York 11548, United States
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu X, Yu S, Zhang Y. pH-Sensitive and Lysosome Targetable Photosensitizers Based on BODIPYs. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03562-z. [PMID: 38170426 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for cancer and other diseases. Photosensitizer is one of the three key components that harvest the energy of light at a certain wavelength. Compared to the conventional fluorophores used as photosensitizers, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives have grown fast in recent years due to their low dark toxicity, versatile tunable sites, and easiness of being paired with other treatments. In this paper, two pH-sensitive BODIPY-based photosensitizers (BDC and BDBrC) were synthesized by adding carbazole moieties onto the BODIPY cores (BD and BDBr) through condensation reactions. BDBrC has two Br atoms at the BODIPY core that promote singlet oxygen generation and further red-shift the absorption maximum peak. Both compounds showed sensitivity toward pH change and generated more singlet oxygen under acidic conditions. The cellular uptake and cell imaging experiments showed that BDBrC can selectively target the lysosome organelle. The further dark cell viability and light cytotoxicity indicate the light triggered PDT treatment can be accomplished with BDBrC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Shupei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang J, Nicely NI, Weiser BP. Effects of Dimerization on the Deacylase Activities of Human SIRT2. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3383-3395. [PMID: 37966275 PMCID: PMC10702427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Human sirtuin isoform 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that functions as a lysine deacetylase and defatty-acylase. Here, we report that SIRT2 readily dimerizes in solution and in cells and that dimerization affects its ability to remove different acyl modifications from substrates. Dimerization of recombinant SIRT2 was revealed with analytical size exclusion chromatography and chemical cross-linking. Dimerized SIRT2 dissociates into monomers upon binding long fatty acylated substrates (decanoyl-, dodecanoyl-, and myristoyl-lysine). However, we did not observe dissociation of dimeric SIRT2 in the presence of acetyl-lysine. Analysis of X-ray crystal structures led us to discover a SIRT2 double mutant (Q142A/E340A) that is impaired in its ability to dimerize, which was confirmed with chemical cross-linking and in cells with a split-GFP approach. In enzyme assays, the SIRT2(Q142A/E340A) mutant had normal defatty-acylase activity and impaired deacetylase activity compared with the wild-type protein. These results indicate that dimerization is essential for optimal SIRT2 function as a deacetylase. Moreover, we show that SIRT2 dimers can be dissociated by a deacetylase and defatty-acylase inhibitor, ascorbyl palmitate. Our finding that its oligomeric state can affect the acyl substrate selectivity of SIRT2 is a novel mode of activity regulation by the enzyme that can be altered genetically or pharmacologically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School
of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, United States
| | - Nathan I. Nicely
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brian P. Weiser
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School
of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wildy M, Lu P. Electrospun Nanofibers: Shaping the Future of Controlled and Responsive Drug Delivery. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7062. [PMID: 38004992 PMCID: PMC10672065 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery systems (DDS) introduce a revolutionary means of administering pharmaceuticals, holding promise for both improved drug efficacy and reduced side effects. These biopolymer nanofiber membranes, distinguished by their high surface area-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, are ideally suited for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. One of their standout attributes is the capability to offer the controlled release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), allowing custom-tailored release profiles to address specific diseases and administration routes. Moreover, stimuli-responsive electrospun DDS can adapt to conditions at the drug target, enhancing the precision and selectivity of drug delivery. Such localized API delivery paves the way for superior therapeutic efficiency while diminishing the risk of side effects and systemic toxicity. Electrospun nanofibers can foster better patient compliance and enhanced clinical outcomes by amplifying the therapeutic efficiency of routinely prescribed medications. This review delves into the design principles and techniques central to achieving controlled API release using electrospun membranes. The advanced drug release mechanisms of electrospun DDS highlighted in this review illustrate their versatility and potential to improve the efficacy of medical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dean E, Dominique A, Palillero A, Tran A, Paradis N, Wu C. Probing the Activation Mechanisms of Agonist DPI-287 to Delta-Opioid Receptor and Novel Agonists Using Ensemble-Based Virtual Screening with Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Omega 2023; 8:32404-32423. [PMID: 37720760 PMCID: PMC10500586 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Pain drugs targeting mu-opioid receptors face major addiction problems that have caused an epidemic. The delta-opioid receptor (DOR) has shown to not cause addictive effects when bound to an agonist. While the active conformation of the DOR in complex with agonist DPI-287 has been recently solved, there are still no FDA-approved agonists targeting it, providing the opportunity for structure-based virtual screening. In this study, the conformational plasticity of the DOR was probed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, identifying two representative conformations from clustering analysis. The two MD conformations as well as the crystal conformation of DOR were used to screen novel compounds from the ZINC database (17 million compounds), in which 69 drugs were picked as potential compounds based on their docking scores. Notably, 37 out of the 69 compounds were obtained from the simulated conformations. The binding stability of the 69 compounds was further investigated using MD simulations. Based on the MM-GBSA binding energy and the predicted drug properties, eight compounds were chosen as the most favorable, six of which were from the simulated conformations. Using a dynamic network model, the communication between the crystal agonist and the top eight molecules with the receptor was analyzed to confirm if these novel compounds share a similar activation mechanism to the crystal ligand. Encouragingly, docking of these eight compounds to the other two opioid receptors (kappa and mu) suggests their good selectivity toward DOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dean
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - AnneMarie Dominique
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Americus Palillero
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Annie Tran
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Nicholas Paradis
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Molecular &
Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carbone J, Paradis NJ, Bennet L, Alesiani MC, Hausman KR, Wu C. Inhibition Mechanism of Anti-TB Drug SQ109: Allosteric Inhibition of TMM Translocation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis MmpL3 Transporter. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5356-5374. [PMID: 37589273 PMCID: PMC10466384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The mycolic acid transporter MmpL3 is driven by proton motive forces (PMF) and functions via an antiport mechanism. Although the crystal structures of the Mycobacterium smegmatis MmpL3 transporter alone and in complex with a trehalose monomycolate (TMM) substrate and an antituberculosis drug candidate SQ109 under Phase 2b-3 Clinical Trials are available, no water and no conformational change in MmpL3 were observed in these structures to explain SQ109's inhibition mechanism of proton and TMM transportation. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations of both apo form and inhibitor-bound MmpL3 in an explicit membrane were used to decipher the inhibition mechanism of SQ109. In the apo system, the close-open motion of the two TM domains, likely driven by the proton translocation, drives the close-open motion of the two PD domains, presumably allowing for TMM translocation. In contrast, in the holo system, the two PD domains are locked in a closed state, and the two TM domains are locked in an off pathway wider open state due to the binding of the inhibitor. Consistent with the close-open motion of the two PD domains, TMM entry size changes in the apo system, likely loading and moving the TMM, but does not vary much in the holo system and probably impair the movement of the TMM. Furthermore, we observed that water molecules passed through the central channel of the MmpL3 transporter to the cytoplasmic side in the apo system but not in the holo system, with a mean passing time of ∼135 ns. Because water wires play an essential role in transporting protons, our findings shed light on the importance of PMF in driving the close-open motion of the two TM domains. Interestingly, the key channel residues involved in water passage display considerable overlap with conserved residues within the MmpL protein family, supporting their critical function role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark C. Alesiani
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan
University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Katherine R. Hausman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan
University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan
University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei W, Wildy M, Xu K, Schossig J, Hu X, Hyun DC, Chen W, Zhang C, Lu P. Advancing Nanofiber Research: Assessing Nonsolvent Contributions to Structure Using Coaxial Electrospinning. Langmuir 2023; 39:10881-10891. [PMID: 37390484 PMCID: PMC10413944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the influence of molecular interactions and solvent evaporation kinetics on the formation of porous structures in electrospun nanofibers, utilizing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polystyrene (PS) as model polymers. The coaxial electrospinning technique was employed to control the injection of water and ethylene glycol (EG) as nonsolvents into polymer jets, demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool for manipulating phase separation processes and fabricating nanofibers with tailored properties. Our findings highlighted the critical role of intermolecular interactions between nonsolvents and polymers in governing phase separation and porous structure formation. Additionally, we observed that the size and polarity of nonsolvent molecules affected the phase separation process. Furthermore, solvent evaporation kinetics were found to significantly impact phase separation, as evidenced by less distinct porous structures when using a rapidly evaporating solvent like tetrahydrofuran (THF) instead of dimethylformamide (DMF). This work offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between molecular interactions and solvent evaporation kinetics during electrospinning, providing guidance for researchers developing porous nanofibers with specific characteristics for various applications, including filtration, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Michael Wildy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Kai Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - John Schossig
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Dong Choon Hyun
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry
of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Chemistry
Department, Long Island University (Post), Brookville, New York 11548, United States
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Patel D, Wei W, Singh H, Xu K, Beck C, Wildy M, Schossig J, Hu X, Hyun DC, Chen W, Lu P. Efficient and Secure Encapsulation of a Natural Phase Change Material in Nanofibers Using Coaxial Electrospinning for Sustainable Thermal Energy Storage. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:11570-11579. [PMID: 37564956 PMCID: PMC10411507 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present an ecofriendly technique for encapsulating lauric acid (LA), a natural phase change material, within polystyrene (PS) nanofibers through coaxial electrospinning. The resulting LAPS core-sheath nanofibers exhibited a melting enthalpy of up to 136.6 J/g, representing 75.8% of the heat storage capacity of pristine LA (180.2 J/g), a value surpassing all previously reported core-sheath fibers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform LAPS nanofibers free of surface LA until the core LA feed rate reached 1.3 mL/h. As the core LA feed rate increased, the fiber diameter shrank from 2.24 ± 0.31 to 0.58 ± 0.45 μm. Infrared spectra demonstrated a proportional increase in the LA content with rising core LA injection rates. Thermogravimetric analysis found the maximum core LA content in core-sheath nanofibers to be 75.0%. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms displayed a trend line shift upon LA leakage for LA1.3PS nanofibers. LAPS fibers containing 75.0% LA effectively maintained consistent cycling stability and reusability across 100 heating-cooling cycles (20-60 °C) without heat storage deterioration. The core LA remained securely within the PS sheath after 100 cycles, and the LAPS nanofibers retained an excellent structural integrity without rupture. The energy-dense and form-stable LAPS core-sheath nanofibers have great potential for various thermal energy storage applications, such as building insulation, smart textiles, and electronic cooling systems, providing efficient temperature regulation and energy conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dev Patel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Wanying Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Harmann Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Kai Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Christopher Beck
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Michael Wildy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - John Schossig
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Dong Choon Hyun
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook
National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry
of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Norambuena J, Al-Tameemi H, Bovermann H, Kim J, Beavers WN, Skaar EP, Parker D, Boyd JM. Copper ions inhibit pentose phosphate pathway function in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011393. [PMID: 37235600 PMCID: PMC10249872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain a better insight of how Copper (Cu) ions toxify cells, metabolomic analyses were performed in S. aureus strains that lacks the described Cu ion detoxification systems (ΔcopBL ΔcopAZ; cop-). Exposure of the cop- strain to Cu(II) resulted in an increase in the concentrations of metabolites utilized to synthesize phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP). PRPP is created using the enzyme phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (Prs) which catalyzes the interconversion of ATP and ribose 5-phosphate to PRPP and AMP. Supplementing growth medium with metabolites requiring PRPP for synthesis improved growth in the presence of Cu(II). A suppressor screen revealed that a strain with a lesion in the gene coding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (apt) was more resistant to Cu. Apt catalyzes the conversion of adenine with PRPP to AMP. The apt mutant had an increased pool of adenine suggesting that the PRPP pool was being redirected. Over-production of apt, or alternate enzymes that utilize PRPP, increased sensitivity to Cu(II). Increasing or decreasing expression of prs resulted in decreased and increased sensitivity to growth in the presence of Cu(II), respectively. We demonstrate that Prs is inhibited by Cu ions in vivo and in vitro and that treatment of cells with Cu(II) results in decreased PRPP levels. Lastly, we establish that S. aureus that lacks the ability to remove Cu ions from the cytosol is defective in colonizing the airway in a murine model of acute pneumonia, as well as the skin. The data presented are consistent with a model wherein Cu ions inhibits pentose phosphate pathway function and are used by the immune system to prevent S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Norambuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hassan Al-Tameemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hannah Bovermann
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - William N. Beavers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Campbell E, Dobkin J, Osorio LJ, Kolloli A, Ramasamy S, Kumar R, Sant'Angelo DB, Subbian S, Denzin LK, Anderson S. A SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Designed for Manufacturability Results in Unexpected Potency and Non-Waning Humoral Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040832. [PMID: 37112744 PMCID: PMC10145385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of several highly efficacious SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was an unprecedented scientific achievement that saved millions of lives. However, now that SARS-CoV-2 is transitioning to the endemic stage, there exists an unmet need for new vaccines that provide durable immunity and protection against variants and can be more easily manufactured and distributed. Here, we describe a novel protein component vaccine candidate, MT-001, based on a fragment of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that encompasses the receptor binding domain (RBD). Mice and hamsters immunized with a prime-boost regimen of MT-001 demonstrated extremely high anti-spike IgG titers, and remarkably this humoral response did not appreciably wane for up to 12 months following vaccination. Further, virus neutralization titers, including titers against variants such as Delta and Omicron BA.1, remained high without the requirement for subsequent boosting. MT-001 was designed for manufacturability and ease of distribution, and we demonstrate that these attributes are not inconsistent with a highly immunogenic vaccine that confers durable and broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants. These properties suggest MT-001 could be a valuable new addition to the toolbox of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other interventions to prevent infection and curtail additional morbidity and mortality from the ongoing worldwide pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Campbell
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Macrotope, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Julie Dobkin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Louis J Osorio
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Derek B Sant'Angelo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lisa K Denzin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Stephen Anderson
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Macrotope, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu B, Qiao Q, Park ER, Wang Y, Gilleran JA, Pan M, Pilch DS, Wu X, Roberge JY, Fan H. Acylpyrazoline-Based Third-Generation Selective Antichlamydial Compounds with Enhanced Potency. ACS Omega 2023; 8:6597-6607. [PMID: 36844602 PMCID: PMC9947980 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria and widespread pathogens in humans and animals. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are currently used to treat chlamydial infections. However, broad-spectrum drugs also kill beneficial bacteria. Recently, two generations of benzal acylhydrazones have been shown to selectively inhibit chlamydiae without toxicity to human cells and lactobacilli, which are dominating, beneficial bacteria in the vagina of reproductive-age women. Here, we report the identification of two acylpyrazoline-based third-generation selective antichlamydials (SACs). With minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 10-25 μM against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia muridarum, these new antichlamydials are 2- to 5-fold more potent over the benzal acylhydrazone-based second-generation selective antichlamydial lead SF3. Both acylpyrazoline-based SACs are well tolerated by Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Salmonella as well as host cells. These third-generation selective antichlamydials merit further evaluation for therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department
of Parasitology, Central South University
Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department
of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Qi Qiao
- Molecular
Design and Synthesis Core, RUBRIC, Office for Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Park
- Molecular
Design and Synthesis Core, RUBRIC, Office for Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department
of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - John A. Gilleran
- Molecular
Design and Synthesis Core, RUBRIC, Office for Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Matthew Pan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel S. Pilch
- Department
of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department
of Parasitology, Central South University
Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jacques Y. Roberge
- Molecular
Design and Synthesis Core, RUBRIC, Office for Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Huizhou Fan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim B, Zhang D, Armstrong MS, Pelczer I, Prud’homme RK. Formulation of pH-Responsive Methacrylate-Based Polyelectrolyte-Stabilized Nanoparticles for Applications in Drug Delivery. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2022; 5:18770-18778. [PMID: 36583123 PMCID: PMC9791616 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive polyelectrolytes, including methacrylate-based anionic copolymers (MACs), are widely used as enteric coatings and matrices in oral drug delivery. Despite their widespread use in these macroscopic applications, the molecular understanding of their use as stabilizers for nanoparticles (NPs) is lacking. Here, we investigate how MACs can be used to create NPs for therapeutic drug delivery and the role of MAC molecular properties on the assembly of NPs via flash nanoprecipitation. The NP size is tuned from 59 to 454 nm by changing the degree of neutralization, ionic strength, total mass concentration, and the core-to-MAC ratio. The NP size is determined by the volume of hydrophilic domains on the surface relative to the volume of hydrophobic domains in the core. We calculate the dimensions of the hydrophobic NP core relative to the thickness of the polyelectrolyte layer over a range of ionizations. Importantly, the results are shown to apply to both high-molecular-weight polymers as core materials and small-molecule drugs. The pH responsiveness of MAC-stabilized NPs is also demonstrated. Future development of polyelectrolyte copolymer-stabilized nanomedicines will benefit from the guiding principles established in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bumjun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Madeleine S. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - István Pelczer
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Robert K. Prud’homme
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Uddin KZ, Anni IA, Youssef G, Koohbor B. Tuning the Mechanical Behavior of Density-Graded Elastomeric Foam Structures via Interlayer Properties. ACS Omega 2022; 7:37189-37200. [PMID: 36312340 PMCID: PMC9607669 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The concept of density-graded foams has been proposed to simultaneously enhance strain energy dissipation and the load-bearing capacities at a reduced structural weight. From a practical perspective, the fabrication of density-graded foams is often achieved by stacking different foam densities. Under such conditions, the adhesive interlayer significantly affects the mechanical performance and failure modes of the structure. This work investigates the role of different adhesive layers on the mechanical and energy absorption behaviors of graded flexible foams with distinct density layers. Three adhesive candidates with different chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics are used to assemble density-graded polyurea foam structures. The mechanical load-bearing and energy absorption performances of the structures are evaluated under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. Mechanical tests are accompanied by digital image correlation (DIC) analyses to study the local strain fields developed in the vicinity of the interface. Experimental measurements are also supplemented by model predictions that reveal the interplay between the mechanical properties of an adhesive interlayer and the macroscale mechanical performance of the graded foam structures. The results obtained herein demonstrate that the deformation patterns and macroscale properties of graded foam composites can be tuned by selecting different bonding agents. It is also shown that the proper selection of an adhesive can be a practical way to address the strength-energy dissipation dichotomy in graded structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Z. Uddin
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, New Jersey08028, United States
| | - Ibnaj A. Anni
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, New Jersey08028, United States
| | - George Youssef
- Experimental
Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California92182, United States
| | - Behrad Koohbor
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, New Jersey08028, United States
- Advanced
Materials and Manufacturing Institute, Rowan
University, Glassboro, New Jersey08028, United States
- B.K.:
email, ; tel, +1 (856) 256-5328
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sheehan SA, Retzbach EP, Shen Y, Krishnan H, Goldberg GS. Heterocellular N-cadherin junctions enable nontransformed cells to inhibit the growth of adjacent transformed cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:19. [PMID: 35177067 PMCID: PMC8851851 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Src tyrosine kinase phosphorylates effector proteins to induce expression of the podoplanin (PDPN) receptor in order to promote tumor progression. However, nontransformed cells can normalize the growth and morphology of neighboring transformed cells. Transformed cells must escape this process, called "contact normalization", to become invasive and malignant. Contact normalization requires junctional communication between transformed and nontransformed cells. However, specific junctions that mediate this process have not been defined. This study aimed to identify junctional proteins required for contact normalization. METHODS Src transformed cells and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were cultured with nontransformed cells. Formation of heterocellular adherens junctions between transformed and nontransformed cells was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. CRISPR technology was used to produce cadherin deficient and cadherin competent nontransformed cells to determine the requirement for adherens junctions during contact normalization. Contact normalization of transformed cells cultured with cadherin deficient or cadherin competent nontransformed cells was analyzed by growth assays, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and RNA-seq. In addition, Src transformed cells expressing PDPN under a constitutively active exogenous promoter were used to examine the ability of PDPN to override contact normalization. RESULTS We found that N-cadherin (N-Cdh) appeared to mediate contact normalization. Cadherin competent cells that expressed N-Cdh inhibited the growth of neighboring transformed cells in culture, while cadherin deficient cells failed to inhibit the growth of these cells. Results from RNA-seq analysis indicate that about 10% of the transcripts affected by contact normalization relied on cadherin mediated communication, and this set of genes includes PDPN. In contrast, cadherin deficient cells failed to inhibit PDPN expression or normalize the growth of adjacent transformed cells. These data indicate that nontransformed cells formed heterocellular cadherin junctions to inhibit PDPN expression in adjacent transformed cells. Moreover, we found that PDPN enabled transformed cells to override the effects of contact normalization in the face of continued N-Cdh expression. Cadherin competent cells failed to normalize the growth of transformed cells expressing PDPN under a constitutively active exogenous promoter. CONCLUSIONS Nontransformed cells form cadherin junctions with adjacent transformed cells to decrease PDPN expression in order to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Cancer begins when a single cell acquires changes that enables them to form tumors. During these beginning stages of cancer development, normal cells surround and directly contact the cancer cell to prevent tumor formation and inhibit cancer progression. This process is called contact normalization. Cancer cells must break free from contact normalization to progress into a malignant cancer. Contact normalization is a widespread and powerful process; however, not much is known about the mechanisms involved in this process. This work identifies proteins required to form contacts between normal cells and cancer cells, and explores pathways by which cancer cells override contact normalization to progress into malignant cancers. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA
| | - Edward P. Retzbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA
| | - Yongquan Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Gary S. Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jain B, Velpula RT, Patel M, Sadaf SM, Nguyen HPT. Improved Performance of Electron Blocking Layer Free AlGaN Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes Using Graded Staircase Barriers. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:334. [PMID: 33801072 PMCID: PMC8003968 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To prevent electron leakage in deep ultraviolet (UV) AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs), Al-rich p-type AlxGa(1-x)N electron blocking layer (EBL) has been utilized. However, the conventional EBL can mitigate the electron overflow only up to some extent and adversely, holes are depleted in the EBL due to the formation of positive sheet polarization charges at the heterointerface of the last quantum barrier (QB)/EBL. Subsequently, the hole injection efficiency of the LED is severely limited. In this regard, we propose an EBL-free AlGaN deep UV LED structure using graded staircase quantum barriers (GSQBs) instead of conventional QBs without affecting the hole injection efficiency. The reported structure exhibits significantly reduced thermal velocity and mean free path of electrons in the active region, thus greatly confines the electrons over there and tremendously decreases the electron leakage into the p-region. Moreover, such specially designed QBs reduce the quantum-confined Stark effect in the active region, thereby improves the electron and hole wavefunctions overlap. As a result, both the internal quantum efficiency and output power of the GSQB structure are ~2.13 times higher than the conventional structure at 60 mA. Importantly, our proposed structure exhibits only ~20.68% efficiency droop during 0-60 mA injection current, which is significantly lower compared to the regular structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Jain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (B.J.); (R.T.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Ravi Teja Velpula
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (B.J.); (R.T.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Moulik Patel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (B.J.); (R.T.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Sharif Md. Sadaf
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et TéléCommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada;
| | - Hieu Pham Trung Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (B.J.); (R.T.V.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oka SI, Chin A, Park JY, Ikeda S, Mizushima W, Ralda G, Zhai P, Tong M, Byun J, Tang F, Einaga Y, Huang CY, Kashihara T, Zhao M, Nah J, Tian B, Hirabayashi Y, Yodoi J, Sadoshima J. Thioredoxin-1 maintains mitochondrial function via mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1742-1755. [PMID: 31584633 PMCID: PMC7825501 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is an evolutionarily conserved oxidoreductase that cleaves disulphide bonds in oxidized substrate proteins such as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and maintains nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene expression. The cardioprotective effect of Trx1 has been demonstrated via cardiac-specific overexpression of Trx1 and dominant negative Trx1. However, the pathophysiological role of endogenous Trx1 has not been defined with a loss-of-function model. To address this, we have generated cardiac-specific Trx1 knockout (Trx1cKO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Trx1cKO mice were viable but died with a median survival age of 25.5 days. They developed heart failure, evidenced by contractile dysfunction, hypertrophy, and increased fibrosis and apoptotic cell death. Multiple markers consistently indicated increased oxidative stress and RNA-sequencing revealed downregulation of genes involved in energy production in Trx1cKO mice. Mitochondrial morphological abnormality was evident in these mice. Although heterozygous Trx1cKO mice did not show any significant baseline phenotype, pressure-overload-induced cardiac dysfunction, and downregulation of metabolic genes were exacerbated in these mice. mTOR was more oxidized and phosphorylation of mTOR substrates such as S6K and 4EBP1 was impaired in Trx1cKO mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, Trx1 knockdown inhibited mitochondrial respiration and metabolic gene promoter activity, suggesting that Trx1 maintains mitochondrial function in a cell autonomous manner. Importantly, mTOR-C1483F, an oxidation-resistant mutation, prevented Trx1 knockdown-induced mTOR oxidation and inhibition and attenuated suppression of metabolic gene promoter activity. CONCLUSION Endogenous Trx1 is essential for maintaining cardiac function and metabolism, partly through mTOR regulation via Cys1483.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Adave Chin
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Park
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shohei Ikeda
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Wataru Mizushima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Guersom Ralda
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Peiyong Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Mingming Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Yudai Einaga
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Chun-Yang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Toshihide Kashihara
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Yoko Hirabayashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Department of Biological Responses, Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oka SI, Sabry AD, Horiuchi AK, Cawley KM, O’Very SA, Zaitsev MA, Shankar TS, Byun J, Mukai R, Xu X, Torres NS, Kumar A, Yazawa M, Ling J, Taleb I, Saijoh Y, Drakos SG, Sadoshima J, Warren JS. Perm1 regulates cardiac energetics as a downstream target of the histone methyltransferase Smyd1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234913. [PMID: 32574189 PMCID: PMC7310723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulatory machinery in mitochondrial bioenergetics is complex and is still not completely understood. We previously demonstrated that the histone methyltransferase Smyd1 regulates mitochondrial energetics. Here, we identified Perm1 (PPARGC-1 and ESRR-induced regulator, muscle specific 1) as a downstream target of Smyd1 through RNA-seq. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that Smyd1 directly interacts with the promoter of Perm1 in the mouse heart, and this interaction was significantly reduced in mouse hearts failing due to pressure overload for 4 weeks, where Perm1 was downregulated (24.4 ± 5.9% of sham, p<0.05). Similarly, the Perm1 protein level was significantly decreased in patients with advanced heart failure (55.2 ± 13.1% of donors, p<0.05). Phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophic stress in cardiomyocytes also led to downregulation of Perm1 (55.7 ± 5.7% of control, p<0.05), and adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Perm1 rescued PE-induced downregulation of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), a key transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial energetics, and its target gene, Ndufv1 (Complex I). Pathway enrichment analysis of cardiomyocytes in which Perm1 was knocked-down by siRNA (siPerm1), revealed that the most downregulated pathway was metabolism. Cell stress tests using the Seahorse XF analyzer showed that basal respiration and ATP production were significantly reduced in siPerm1 cardiomyocytes (40.7% and 23.6% of scrambled-siRNA, respectively, both p<0.05). Luciferase reporter gene assay further revealed that Perm1 dose-dependently increased the promoter activity of the ERRα gene and known target of ERRα, Ndufv1 (Complex I). Overall, our study demonstrates that Perm1 is an essential regulator of cardiac energetics through ERRα, as part of the Smyd1 regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Amira D. Sabry
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Amanda K. Horiuchi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Keiko M. Cawley
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Sean A. O’Very
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Zaitsev
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Thirupura S. Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Risa Mukai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Natalia S. Torres
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Anil Kumar
- Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Masayuki Yazawa
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jing Ling
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Iosif Taleb
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Yukio Saijoh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Junco S. Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Institute of Resource Developmental and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This report is a side product of experiments aimed at identifying serum for culturing obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis and C. muridarum in mouse fibroblast L929 cells. RESULTS Of five commercial serum samples tested, two showed optimal efficiencies at supporting growth of the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis as control fetal bovine serum, whereas two showed modest ~ 40% inhibitions in progeny production, and the remaining one showed a 20% inhibition. Three of the six sera poorly supported growth of the murine pathogen Chlamydia muridarum, resulting in 73-90% reduction in progeny formation. Most significantly, the one with the strongest (90%) C. muridarum inhibition activity showed optimal C. trachomatis-supporting efficiency. These findings indicate that in laboratories that study multiple Chlamydia species, serum samples should be prescreened on a species basis. Considering Chlamydial biology and epidemiology, it may even be necessary to perform serum tests on a serovar- or strain-basis for studying some animal chlamydiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malhar Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology and Integrative Biology, School of Graduate Studies, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Huirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Huizhou Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology and Integrative Biology, School of Graduate Studies, Piscataway, NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jang TL, Patel N, Faiena I, Radadia K, Moore DF, Elsamra SE, Singer EA, Stein MN, Lin Y, Kim IY, Eastham JA, Scardino PT, Lu-Yao GL. Comparative effectiveness of radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy versus radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer. Cancer 2018; 124:4010-4022. [PMID: 30252932 PMCID: PMC6234085 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPCa) or regionally advanced prostate cancer (RAPCa) are at high risk for death from their disease. Clinical guidelines support multimodal approaches, which include radical prostatectomy (RP) followed by radiotherapy (XRT) and XRT plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, there are limited data comparing these substantially different treatment approaches. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data, this study compared survival outcomes and adverse effects associated with RP plus XRT versus XRT plus ADT in these men. METHODS SEER-Medicare data were queried for men with cT3-T4N0M0 (LAPCa) or cT3-T4N1M0 (RAPCa) prostate cancer. Propensity score methods were used to balance cohort characteristics between the treatment arms. Survival analyses were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS From 1992 to 2009, 13,856 men (≥65 years old) were diagnosed with LAPCa or RAPCa: 6.1% received RP plus XRT, and 23.6% received XRT plus ADT. At a median follow-up of 14.6 years, there were 2189 deaths in the cohort, of which 702 were secondary to prostate cancer. Regardless of the tumor stage or the Gleason score, the adjusted 10-year prostate cancer-specific survival and 10-year overall survival favored men who underwent RP plus XRT over men who underwent XRT plus ADT. However, RP plus XRT versus XRT plus ADT was associated with higher rates of erectile dysfunction (28% vs 20%; P = .0212) and urinary incontinence (49% vs 19%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Men with LAPCa or RAPCa treated initially with RP plus XRT had a lower risk of prostate cancer-specific death and improved overall survival in comparison with those men treated with XRT plus ADT, but they experienced higher rates of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Jang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Neal Patel
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Izak Faiena
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Kushan Radadia
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Dirk F. Moore
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sammy E. Elsamra
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Eric A. Singer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mark N. Stein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Yong Lin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Isaac Y. Kim
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - James A. Eastham
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Peter T. Scardino
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Grace L. Lu-Yao
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson College of Population Health, Philadelphia, PA (GLY)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guerrini V, Prideaux B, Blanc L, Bruiners N, Arrigucci R, Singh S, Ho-Liang HP, Salamon H, Chen PY, Lakehal K, Subbian S, O’Brien P, Via LE, Barry CE, Dartois V, Gennaro ML. Storage lipid studies in tuberculosis reveal that foam cell biogenesis is disease-specific. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007223. [PMID: 30161232 PMCID: PMC6117085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cells are lipid-laden macrophages that contribute to the inflammation and tissue damage associated with many chronic inflammatory disorders. Although foam cell biogenesis has been extensively studied in atherosclerosis, how these cells form during a chronic infectious disease such as tuberculosis is unknown. Here we report that, unlike the cholesterol-laden cells of atherosclerosis, foam cells in tuberculous lung lesions accumulate triglycerides. Consequently, the biogenesis of foam cells varies with the underlying disease. In vitro mechanistic studies showed that triglyceride accumulation in human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by TNF receptor signaling through downstream activation of the caspase cascade and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These features are distinct from the known biogenesis of atherogenic foam cells and establish a new paradigm for non-atherogenic foam cell formation. Moreover, they reveal novel targets for disease-specific pharmacological interventions against maladaptive macrophage responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Landry Blanc
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Arrigucci
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hsin Pin Ho-Liang
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hugh Salamon
- Knowledge Synthesis, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Karim Lakehal
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Paul O’Brien
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang M, Mary Ying YL, Ihlefeld A. Spatial Release From Informational Masking: Evidence From Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Trends Hear 2018; 22:2331216518817464. [PMID: 30558491 PMCID: PMC6299332 DOI: 10.1177/2331216518817464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Informational masking (IM) can greatly reduce speech intelligibility, but the neural mechanisms underlying IM are not understood. Binaural differences between target and masker can improve speech perception. In general, improvement in masked speech intelligibility due to provision of spatial cues is called spatial release from masking. Here, we focused on an aspect of spatial release from masking, specifically, the role of spatial attention. We hypothesized that in a situation with IM background sound (a) attention to speech recruits lateral frontal cortex (LFCx) and (b) LFCx activity varies with direction of spatial attention. Using functional near infrared spectroscopy, we assessed LFCx activity bilaterally in normal-hearing listeners. In Experiment 1, two talkers were simultaneously presented. Listeners either attended to the target talker (speech task) or they listened passively to an unintelligible, scrambled version of the acoustic mixture (control task). Target and masker differed in pitch and interaural time difference (ITD). Relative to the passive control, LFCx activity increased during attentive listening. Experiment 2 measured how LFCx activity varied with ITD, by testing listeners on the speech task in Experiment 1, except that talkers either were spatially separated by ITD or colocated. Results show that directing of auditory attention activates LFCx bilaterally. Moreover, right LFCx is recruited more strongly in the spatially separated as compared with colocated configurations. Findings hint that LFCx function contributes to spatial release from masking in situations with IM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Lan Mary Ying
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Antje Ihlefeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang H, Kunadia A, Lin Y, Fondell JD, Seidel D, Fan H. Identification of a strong and specific antichlamydial N-acylhydrazone. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185783. [PMID: 28973037 PMCID: PMC5626472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis is an extremely common infection and often leads to serious complications including infertility and pelvic inflammatory syndrome. Several broad-spectrum antibiotics are currently used to treat C. trachomatis. Although effective, they also kill beneficial vaginal lactobacilli. Two N-acylhydrazones, CF0001 and CF0002, have been shown previously to inhibit chlamydial growth without toxicity to human cells and Lactobacillus spp. Of particular significance, the rate of random mutation leading to resistance of these inhibitors appears to be extremely low. Here, we report three analogs of CF0001 and CF0002 with significantly stronger inhibitory effects on chlamydiae. Even though the new compounds (termed SF1, SF2 and SF3) displayed slightly decreased inhibition efficiencies for a rare Chlamydia variant selected for CF0001 resistance (Chlamydia muridarum MCR), they completely overcame the resistance when used at concentrations of 75–100 μM. Importantly, SF1, SF2 and SF3 did not shown any toxic effect on lactobacilli, whereas SF3 was also well tolerated by human host cells. An effort to isolate SF3-resistant variants was unsuccessful. By comparison, variants resistant to rifampin or spectinomycin were obtained from smaller numbers of chlamydiae. Our findings suggest that SF3 utilizes an antichlamydial mechanism similar to that of CF0001 and CF0002, and will be more difficult for chlamydiae to develop resistance to, potentially making it a more effective antichlamydial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Anuj Kunadia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yingfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Fondell
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DS); (HF)
| | - Huizhou Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DS); (HF)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Z, Haimovich B, Kwon YS, Lu T, Fyfe-Kirschner B, Olweny EO. Unilateral Partial Nephrectomy with Warm Ischemia Results in Acute Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-Alpha (HIF-1α) and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Overexpression in a Porcine Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154708. [PMID: 27149666 PMCID: PMC4858142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) during partial nephrectomy (PN) contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI), which is inaccurately assessed using existent clinical markers of renal function. We evaluated I/R-related changes in expression in hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), within kidney tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in a porcine model of PN. Materials and Methods Three adult pigs each underwent unilateral renal hilar cross clamping for 180 min followed by a 15 min reperfusion. The contralateral kidney served as control. Biopsies of clamped kidneys were obtained at baseline (time 0), every 60 min during the hypoxic phase, and post-reperfusion. Control kidneys were biopsied once at 180 min. Peripheral blood was sampled at time 0, every 30 min during the hypoxic phase, and post-reperfusion. HIF-1α and TLR4 expression in kidney tissue and PBL were analyzed by Western blotting. I/R-related histological changes were assessed. Results Expression of HIF-1α in clamped kidneys and PBL was below detection level at baseline, rising to detectable levels after 60 min of hypoxia, and continuing to rise throughout the hypoxic and reperfusion phases. Expression of TLR-4 in clamped kidneys followed a similar trend with initial detection after 30–60 min of hypoxia. Control kidneys exhibited no change in HIF-1α or TLR-4 expression. I/R-related histologic changes were minimal, primarily mild tubular dilatation. Conclusions In a porcine model of PN, HIF-1α and TLR4 exhibited robust, I/R-related increases in expression in kidney tissue and PBL. Further studies investigating these molecules as potential markers of AKI are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Division of Urology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Beatrice Haimovich
- Division of Urology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Young Suk Kwon
- Division of Urology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tyler Lu
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Billie Fyfe-Kirschner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ephrem Odoy Olweny
- Division of Urology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|