1
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Li Y, Piermarini PM. Effects of dietary calcium (Ca 2+) and blood feeding on the immunochemical expression of the plasma membrane Ca 2+-ATPase (PMCA) in Malpighian tubules of adult female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 292:111623. [PMID: 38458419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Insect Malpighian tubules contribute to Ca2+ homeostasis via Ca2+ storage in intracellular compartments, Ca2+ secretion into the tubule lumen, and Ca2+ reabsorption into the hemolymph. A plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is hypothesized to be a Ca2+-transporter involved in renal Ca2+ transport of insects, however few studies have investigated its immunochemical expression in Malpighian tubules. Here we characterized the abundance and localization of PMCA-like immunoreactivity in Malpighian tubules of adult female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti using an antibody against Drosophila melanogaster PMCA. Western blotting revealed expression of a relatively abundant 109 kDa isoform and a relatively sparse 115 kDa isoform. Feeding mosquitoes 10% sucrose with 50 mM CaCl2 for 7 days did not affect PMCA immunoreactivity. However, at 24, 48, and 96 h post-blood feeding (PBF), the relative abundance of the 109 kDa isoform decreased while that of the 115 kDa isoform increased. Immunolabeling of Malpighian tubules revealed PMCA-like immunoreactivity in both principal and stellate cells; principal cell labeling was intracellular, whereas stellate cell labeling was along the basal membrane. Blood feeding enhanced immunolabeling of PMCA in stellate cells but weakened that in principal cells. Moreover, a unique apicolateral pattern of PMCA-like immunolabeling occurred in principal cells of the proximal segment at 24 h PBF, suggesting potential trafficking to septate junctions. Our results suggest PMCA isoforms are differentially expressed and localized in mosquito Malpighian tubules where they contribute to redistributing tubule Ca2+ during blood meal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States of America
| | - Peter M Piermarini
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States of America.
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2
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Liu Z, Zhang H, Lemaitre B, Li X. Duox activation in Drosophila Malpighian tubules stimulates intestinal epithelial renewal through a countercurrent flow. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114109. [PMID: 38613782 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut must perform a dual role of protecting the host against toxins and pathogens while harboring mutualistic microbiota. Previous studies suggested that the NADPH oxidase Duox contributes to intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the gut that stimulate epithelial renewal. We find instead that the ROS generated by Duox in the Malpighian tubules leads to the production of Upd3, which enters the gut and stimulates stem cell proliferation. We describe in Drosophila the existence of a countercurrent flow system, which pushes tubule-derived Upd3 to the anterior part of the gut and stimulates epithelial renewal at a distance. Thus, our paper clarifies the role of Duox in gut homeostasis and describes the existence of retrograde fluid flow in the gut, collectively revealing a fascinating example of inter-organ communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggeng Liu
- Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Picinic B, Paluzzi JPV, Donini A. Protein localization of aquaporins in the adult female disease vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 4:1365651. [PMID: 38699443 PMCID: PMC11064791 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1365651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The female Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector for several arboviral diseases, due to their blood feeding behavior and their association with urban communities. While ion transport in Ae. aegypti has been studied, much less is known about mechanisms of water transport. Rapid water and ion excretion occurs in the adult female mosquito post blood meal and involves a set of organs including the midgut, Malpighian tubules (MTs), and hindgut. The MTs are responsible for the formation of primary urine and are considered the most important site for active transport of ions. Within the cells of the MTs, along with various ion transporters, there are aquaporin water channels that aid in the transport of water across the tubule cell membrane. Six aquaporin genes have been molecularly identified in Ae. aegypti (AQP1-6) and found to be responsible for the transport of water and in some cases, small solutes such as glycerol. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to localize AaAQP1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 in the adult female Ae. aegypti, in non-blood fed and post blood feeding (0.5 and 24hr) conditions. We further examined the main water transporting aquaporin, AaAQP1, using western blotting to determine protein abundance changes in isolated MTs pre- and post-blood feeding. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, aqp1 mRNA was found exclusively in the principal cells of female MTs. Finally, we used immunogold staining with transmission electron microscopy to determine subcellular localization of AaAQP1 in the Malpighian tubules under non-blood fed conditions. Interestingly, AaAQP1 was found to be predominantly in the principal cells of the MTs, dispersed throughout the brush border; however, there was also evidence of some AaAQP1 localization in the stellate cells of the MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Donini
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Kwok SH, Liu Y, Bilder D, Kim J. Paraneoplastic renal dysfunction in fly cancer models driven by inflammatory activation of stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586173. [PMID: 38585959 PMCID: PMC10996499 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tumors can induce systemic disturbances in distant organs, leading to physiological changes that enhance host morbidity. In Drosophila cancer models, tumors have been known for decades to cause hypervolemic 'bloating' of the abdominal cavity. Here we use allograft and transgenic tumors to show that hosts display fluid retention associated with autonomously defective secretory capacity of fly renal tubules, which function analogous to those of the human kidney. Excretion from these organs is blocked by abnormal cells that originate from inappropriate activation of normally quiescent renal stem cells (RSCs). Blockage is initiated by IL-6-like oncokines that perturb renal water-transporting cells, and trigger a damage response in RSCs that proceeds pathologically. Thus, a chronic inflammatory state produced by the tumor causes paraneoplastic fluid dysregulation by altering cellular homeostasis of host renal units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Hang Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuejiang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
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5
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Zhu H, Ludington WB, Spradling AC. Cellular and molecular organization of the Drosophila foregut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318760121. [PMID: 38442150 PMCID: PMC10945768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318760121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The animal foregut is the first tissue to encounter ingested food, bacteria, and viruses. We characterized the adult Drosophila foregut using transcriptomics to better understand how it triages consumed items for digestion or immune response and manages resources. Cell types were assigned and validated using GFP-tagged and Gal4 reporter lines. Foregut-associated neuroendocrine cells play a major integrative role by coordinating gut activity with nutrition, the microbiome, and circadian cycles; some express clock genes. Multiple epithelial cell types comprise the proventriculus, the central foregut organ that secretes the peritrophic matrix (PM) lining the gut. Analyzing cell types synthesizing individual PM layers revealed abundant mucin production close to enterocytes, similar to the mammalian intestinal mucosa. The esophagus and salivary gland express secreted proteins likely to line the esophageal surface, some of which may generate a foregut commensal niche housing specific gut microbiome species. Overall, our results imply that the foregut coordinates dietary sensing, hormonal regulation, and immunity in a manner that has been conserved during animal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Zhu
- Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD21218
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - William B. Ludington
- Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD21218
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Allan C. Spradling
- Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD21218
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
- HHMI, Baltimore, MD21218
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6
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Xu J, Liu Y, Yang F, Cao Y, Chen W, Li JSS, Zhang S, Comjean A, Hu Y, Perrimon N. Mechanistic characterization of a Drosophila model of paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1241. [PMID: 38336808 PMCID: PMC10858251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes occur in cancer patients and originate from dysfunction of organs at a distance from the tumor or its metastasis. A wide range of organs can be affected in paraneoplastic syndromes; however, the pathological mechanisms by which tumors influence host organs are poorly understood. Recent studies in the fly uncovered that tumor secreted factors target host organs, leading to pathological effects. In this study, using a Drosophila gut tumor model, we characterize a mechanism of tumor-induced kidney dysfunction. Specifically, we find that Pvf1, a PDGF/VEGF signaling ligand, secreted by gut tumors activates the PvR/JNK/Jra signaling pathway in the principal cells of the kidney, leading to mis-expression of renal genes and paraneoplastic renal syndrome-like phenotypes. Our study describes an important mechanism by which gut tumors perturb the function of the kidney, which might be of clinical relevance for the treatment of paraneoplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fangying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurou Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihang Chen
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Shing Shun Li
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Halberg KV, Denholm B. Mechanisms of Systemic Osmoregulation in Insects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:415-438. [PMID: 37758224 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-040323-021222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Water is essential to life. Terrestrial insects lose water by evaporation from the body surface and respiratory surfaces, as well as in the excretory products, posing a challenge made more acute by their high surface-to-volume ratio. These losses must be kept to a minimum and be offset by water gained from other sources. By contrast, insects such as the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus consume up to 10 times their body weight in a single blood meal, necessitating rapid expulsion of excess water and ions. How do insects manage their ion and water budgets? A century of study has revealed a great deal about the organ systems that insects use to maintain their ion and water balance and their regulation. Traditionally, a taxonomically wide range of species were studied, whereas more recent research has focused on model organisms to leverage the power of the molecular genetic approach. Key advances in new technologies have become available for a wider range of species in the past decade. We document how these approaches have already begun to inform our understanding of the diversity and conservation of insect systemic osmoregulation. We advocate that these technologies be combined with traditional approaches to study a broader range of nonmodel species to gain a comprehensive overview of the mechanism underpinning systemic osmoregulation in the most species-rich group of animals on earth, the insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Veland Halberg
- Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Barry Denholm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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8
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Qu S, Zhou X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Zhou H, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Yang Q, Jiang L, Ma Y, Gao Y, Kong L, Zhang L. The effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution and potential drug repurposing for ADHD treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:165-185. [PMID: 37957291 PMCID: PMC11078728 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The stimulant methylphenidate (MPH) and the non-stimulant atomoxetine (ATX) are frequently used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the function of these drugs in different types of brain cells and their effects on related genes remain largely unknown. To address these questions, we built a pipeline for the simultaneous examination of the activity behavior and transcriptional responses of Drosophila melanogaster at single-cell resolution following drug treatment. We selected the Drosophila with significantly increased locomotor activities (hyperactivity-like behavior) following the administration of each drug in comparison with the control (same food as the drug-treated groups with 5% sucrose, yeast, and blue food dye solution) using EasyFlyTracker. Subsequently, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNASEQ) was used to capture the transcriptome of 82,917 cells, unsupervised clustering analysis of which yielded 28 primary cell clusters representing the major cell types in adult Drosophila brain. Indeed, both neuronal and glial cells responded to MPH and ATX. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed distinct transcriptional changes associated with these two drugs, such as two well-studied dopamine receptor genes (Dop2R and DopEcR) were responsive to MPH but not to ATX at their optimal doses, in addition to genes involved in dopamine metabolism pathways such as Syt1, Sytalpha, Syt7, and Ih in different cell types. More importantly, MPH also suppressed the expression of genes encoding other neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic signaling molecules in many cell types, especially those for Glu and GABA, while the responsive effects of ATX were much weaker. In addition to monoaminergic neuronal transmitters, other neurotransmitters have also shown a similar pattern with respect to a stronger effect associated with MPH than with ATX. Moreover, we identified four distinct glial cell subtypes responsive to the two drugs and detected a greater number of differentially expressed genes associated with ensheathing and astrocyte-like glia. Furthermore, our study provides a rich resource of candidate target genes, supported by drug set enrichment analysis (P = 2.10E-4; hypergeometric test), for the further exploration of drug repurposing. The whole list of candidates can be found at ADHDrug ( http://adhdrug.cibr.ac.cn/ ). In conclusion, we propose a fast and cost-efficient pipeline to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of ADHD drug treatment in Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution, which may further facilitate drug repurposing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Qu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qingjie Zhu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Jiang
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Kong
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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9
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Croce AC, Garbelli A, Moyano A, Soldano S, Tejeda-Guzmán C, Missirlis F, Scolari F. Developmental and Nutritional Dynamics of Malpighian Tubule Autofluorescence in the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:245. [PMID: 38203417 PMCID: PMC10778832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malpighian tubules (MTs) are arthropod excretory organs crucial for the osmoregulation, detoxification and excretion of xenobiotics and metabolic wastes, which include tryptophan degradation products along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Specifically, the toxic intermediate 3-hydroxy kynurenine (3-HK) is metabolized through transamination to xanthurenic acid or in the synthesis of ommochrome pigments. Early investigations in Drosophila larval fat bodies revealed an intracellular autofluorescence (AF) that depended on tryptophan administration. Subsequent observations documented AF changes in the MTs of Drosophila eye-color mutants genetically affecting the conversion of tryptophan to KYN or 3-HK and the intracellular availability of zinc ions. In the present study, the AF properties of the MTs in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, were characterized in different stages of the insect's life cycle, tryptophan-administered larvae and blood-fed adult females. Confocal imaging and microspectroscopy showed AF changes in the distribution of intracellular, brilliant granules and in the emission spectral shape and amplitude between the proximal and distal segments of MTs across the different samples. The findings suggest AF can serve as a promising marker for investigating the functional status of MTs in response to metabolic alterations, contributing to the use of MTs as a potential research model in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cleta Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Garbelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Moyano
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Soldano
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlos Tejeda-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.T.-G.); (F.M.)
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.T.-G.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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10
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Holcombe J, Weavers H. Functional-metabolic coupling in distinct renal cell types coordinates organ-wide physiology and delays premature ageing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8405. [PMID: 38110414 PMCID: PMC10728150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise coupling between cellular physiology and metabolism is emerging as a vital relationship underpinning tissue health and longevity. Nevertheless, functional-metabolic coupling within heterogenous microenvironments in vivo remains poorly understood due to tissue complexity and metabolic plasticity. Here, we establish the Drosophila renal system as a paradigm for linking mechanistic analysis of metabolism, at single-cell resolution, to organ-wide physiology. Kidneys are amongst the most energetically-demanding organs, yet exactly how individual cell types fine-tune metabolism to meet their diverse, unique physiologies over the life-course remains unclear. Integrating live-imaging of metabolite and organelle dynamics with spatio-temporal genetic perturbation within intact functional tissue, we uncover distinct cellular metabolic signatures essential to support renal physiology and healthy ageing. Cell type-specific programming of glucose handling, PPP-mediated glutathione regeneration and FA β-oxidation via dynamic lipid-peroxisomal networks, downstream of differential ERR receptor activity, precisely match cellular energetic demands whilst limiting damage and premature senescence; however, their dramatic dysregulation may underlie age-related renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Holcombe
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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11
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Koehler S, Huber TB. Insights into human kidney function from the study of Drosophila. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3875-3887. [PMID: 37171583 PMCID: PMC10584755 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological and biomedical research using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism has gained recognition through several Nobel prizes within the last 100 years. Drosophila exhibits several advantages when compared to other in vivo models such as mice and rats, as its life cycle is very short, animal maintenance is easy and inexpensive and a huge variety of transgenic strains and tools are publicly available. Moreover, more than 70% of human disease-causing genes are highly conserved in the fruit fly. Here, we explain the use of Drosophila in nephrology research and describe two kidney tissues, Malpighian tubules and the nephrocytes. The latter are the homologous cells to mammalian glomerular podocytes and helped to provide insights into a variety of signaling pathways due to the high morphological similarities and the conserved molecular make-up between nephrocytes and podocytes. In recent years, nephrocytes have also been used to study inter-organ communication as links between nephrocytes and the heart, the immune system and the muscles have been described. In addition, other tissues such as the eye and the reproductive system can be used to study the functional role of proteins being part of the kidney filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Koehler
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Xu W, Li G, Chen Y, Ye X, Song W. A novel antidiuretic hormone governs tumour-induced renal dysfunction. Nature 2023; 624:425-432. [PMID: 38057665 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of renal function and fluid transport are essential for vertebrates and invertebrates to adapt to physiological and pathological challenges. Human patients with malignant tumours frequently develop detrimental renal dysfunction and oliguria, and previous studies suggest the involvement of chemotherapeutic toxicity and tumour-associated inflammation1,2. However, how tumours might directly modulate renal functions remains largely unclear. Here, using conserved tumour models in Drosophila melanogaster3, we characterized isoform F of ion transport peptide (ITPF) as a fly antidiuretic hormone that is secreted by a subset of yki3SA gut tumour cells, impairs renal function and causes severe abdomen bloating and fluid accumulation. Mechanistically, tumour-derived ITPF targets the G-protein-coupled receptor TkR99D in stellate cells of Malpighian tubules-an excretory organ that is equivalent to renal tubules4-to activate nitric oxide synthase-cGMP signalling and inhibit fluid excretion. We further uncovered antidiuretic functions of mammalian neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R), the homologue of fly TkR99D, as pharmaceutical blockade of NK3R efficiently alleviates renal tubular dysfunction in mice bearing different malignant tumours. Together, our results demonstrate a novel antidiuretic pathway mediating tumour-renal crosstalk across species and offer therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of cancer-associated renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gerui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xujun Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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13
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Song Y, Miao Z, Brazma A, Papatheodorou I. Benchmarking strategies for cross-species integration of single-cell RNA sequencing data. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6495. [PMID: 37838716 PMCID: PMC10576752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing number of available single-cell gene expression datasets from different species creates opportunities to explore evolutionary relationships between cell types across species. Cross-species integration of single-cell RNA-sequencing data has been particularly informative in this context. However, in order to do so robustly it is essential to have rigorous benchmarking and appropriate guidelines to ensure that integration results truly reflect biology. Here, we benchmark 28 combinations of gene homology mapping methods and data integration algorithms in a variety of biological settings. We examine the capability of each strategy to perform species-mixing of known homologous cell types and to preserve biological heterogeneity using 9 established metrics. We also develop a new biology conservation metric to address the maintenance of cell type distinguishability. Overall, scANVI, scVI and SeuratV4 methods achieve a balance between species-mixing and biology conservation. For evolutionarily distant species, including in-paralogs is beneficial. SAMap outperforms when integrating whole-body atlases between species with challenging gene homology annotation. We provide our freely available cross-species integration and assessment pipeline to help analyse new data and develop new algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Song
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Zhichao Miao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
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14
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Rajan A, Anhezini L, Rives-Quinto N, Chhabra JY, Neville MC, Larson ED, Goodwin SF, Harrison MM, Lee CY. Low-level repressive histone marks fine-tune gene transcription in neural stem cells. eLife 2023; 12:e86127. [PMID: 37314324 PMCID: PMC10344426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of gene activity by transcriptional and translational mechanisms poise stem cells for a timely cell-state transition during differentiation. Although important for all stemness-to-differentiation transitions, mechanistic understanding of the fine-tuning of gene transcription is lacking due to the compensatory effect of translational control. We used intermediate neural progenitor (INP) identity commitment to define the mechanisms that fine-tune stemness gene transcription in fly neural stem cells (neuroblasts). We demonstrate that the transcription factor FruitlessC (FruC) binds cis-regulatory elements of most genes uniquely transcribed in neuroblasts. Loss of fruC function alone has no effect on INP commitment but drives INP dedifferentiation when translational control is reduced. FruC negatively regulates gene expression by promoting low-level enrichment of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 in gene cis-regulatory regions. Identical to fruC loss-of-function, reducing Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 activity increases stemness gene activity. We propose low-level H3K27me3 enrichment fine-tunes gene transcription in stem cells, a mechanism likely conserved from flies to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Rajan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Lucas Anhezini
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Noemi Rives-Quinto
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Jay Y Chhabra
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Megan C Neville
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth D Larson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Stephen F Goodwin
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Melissa M Harrison
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
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15
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Orchard I, Al-Dailami AN, Leyria J, Lange AB. Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus: More than post-prandial diuresis. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1167889. [PMID: 38469518 PMCID: PMC10926411 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1167889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus, a major vector of Chagas disease, may be considered the model upon which the foundations of insect physiology and biochemistry were built. It is an obligate blood feeder in which the blood meal triggers growth, development and reproduction. The blood meal also triggers a post-prandial diuresis to maintain osmotic homeostasis. In R. prolixus, as with other insects, the Malpighian tubules play a critical role in this diuresis, and much has been learned about diuresis in R. prolixus, and in other model insects. But the post-genomic era has brought new insights, identifying functions quite apart from diuresis for Malpighian tubules. Indeed, microarrays, transcriptomes, and proteomics have revealed the major roles that Malpighian tubules play in immunity, detoxification, pesticide resistance, and in tolerance to overall stress. This is particularly relevant to R. prolixus since gorging on blood creates several challenges in addition to osmotic balance. Xenobiotics may be present in the blood or toxins may be produced by metabolism of blood; and these must be neutralized and excreted. These processes have not been well described at the molecular level for Malpighian tubules of R. prolixus. This paper will review the involvement of Malpighian tubules in immunity and detoxification, identifying new aspects for Malpighian tubule physiology of R. prolixus by virtue of a transcriptome analysis. The transcriptome analysis indicates the potential of Malpighian tubules of R. prolixus to mount a robust innate immune response, and to contribute to antioxidant production and heme detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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16
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Chen Y, Xu W, Chen Y, Han A, Song J, Zhou X, Song W. Renal NF-κB activation impairs uric acid homeostasis to promote tumor-associated mortality independent of wasting. Immunity 2022; 55:1594-1608.e6. [PMID: 36029766 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced host wasting and mortality are general phenomena across species. Many groups have previously demonstrated endocrinal impacts of malignant tumors on host wasting in rodents and Drosophila. Whether and how environmental factors and host immune response contribute to tumor-associated host wasting and survival, however, are largely unknown. Here, we report that flies bearing malignant yki3SA-gut tumors exhibited the exponential increase of commensal bacteria, which were mostly acquired from the environment, and systemic IMD-NF-κB activation due to suppression of a gut antibacterial amidase PGRP-SC2. Either gut microbial elimination or specific IMD-NF-κB blockade in the renal-like Malpighian tubules potently improved mortality of yki3SA-tumor-bearing flies in a manner independent of host wasting. We further indicate that renal IMD-NF-κB activation caused uric acid (UA) overload to reduce survival of tumor-bearing flies. Therefore, our results uncover a fundamental mechanism whereby gut commensal dysbiosis, renal immune activation, and UA imbalance potentiate tumor-associated host death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Anxuan Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jiantao Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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