1
|
Han L, Lin J, Du C, Zhang C, Wang X, Feng Q. Effect of Mechanical Microenvironment on Collagen Self-Assembly In Vitro. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040235. [PMID: 37103325 PMCID: PMC10141345 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen, as a structural protein, is widely distributed in the human body. Many factors influence collagen self-assembly in vitro, including physical-chemical conditions and mechanical microenvironment, and play a key role in driving the structure and arrangement. However, the exact mechanism is unknown. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in the structure and morphology of collagen self-assembly in vitro under mechanical microenvironment, as well as the critical role of hyaluronic acid in this process. Using bovine type I collagen as the research object, collagen solution is loaded into tensile and stress-strain gradient devices. The morphology and distribution of collagen is observed using an atomic force microscope while changing the concentration of collagen solution, mechanical loading strength, tensile speed, and ratio of collagen to hyaluronic acid. The results demonstrate that the mechanics field governs collagen fibers and changes their orientation. Stress magnifies the differences in results caused by different stress concentrations and sizes, and hyaluronic acid improves collagen fiber orientation. This research is critical for expanding the use of collagen-based biomaterials in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leihan Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jiexiang Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chengfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Qijin Feng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300151, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pospíšil J, Hrabovský M, Bohačiaková D, Hovádková Z, Jurásek M, Mlčoušková J, Paruch K, Nevolová Š, Damborsky J, Hampl A, Jaros J. Geometric Control of Cell Behavior by Biomolecule Nanodistribution. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4789-4806. [PMID: 36202388 PMCID: PMC9667466 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many dynamic interactions within the cell microenvironment
modulate
cell behavior and cell fate. However, the pathways and mechanisms
behind cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix interactions
remain understudied, as they occur at a nanoscale level. Recent progress
in nanotechnology allows for mimicking of the microenvironment at
nanoscale in vitro; electron-beam lithography (EBL)
is currently the most promising technique. Although this nanopatterning
technique can generate nanostructures of good quality and resolution,
it has resulted, thus far, in the production of only simple shapes
(e.g., rectangles) over a relatively small area (100 × 100 μm),
leaving its potential in biological applications unfulfilled. Here,
we used EBL for cell-interaction studies by coating cell-culture-relevant
material with electron-conductive indium tin oxide, which formed nanopatterns
of complex nanohexagonal structures over a large area (500 ×
500 μm). We confirmed the potential of EBL for use in cell-interaction
studies by analyzing specific cell responses toward differentially
distributed nanohexagons spaced at 1000, 500, and 250 nm. We found
that our optimized technique of EBL with HaloTags enabled the investigation
of broad changes to a cell-culture-relevant surface and can provide
an understanding of cellular signaling mechanisms at a single-molecule
level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Pospíšil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,Core Facility Cellular Imaging, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Hrabovský
- TESCAN Orsay Holding a.s., Libušina tř. 863, Brno 623 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dáša Bohačiaková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jarmila Mlčoušková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Nevolová
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jaros
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Printing technology promises a viable solution for the low-cost, rapid, flexible, and mass fabrication of biosensors. Among the vast number of printing techniques, screen printing and inkjet printing have been widely adopted for the fabrication of biosensors. Screen printing provides ease of operation and rapid processing; however, it is bound by the effects of viscous inks, high material waste, and the requirement for masks, to name a few. Inkjet printing, on the other hand, is well suited for mass fabrication that takes advantage of computer-aided design software for pattern modifications. Furthermore, being drop-on-demand, it prevents precious material waste and offers high-resolution patterning. To exploit the features of inkjet printing technology, scientists have been keen to use it for the development of biosensors since 1988. A vast number of fully and partially inkjet-printed biosensors have been developed ever since. This study presents a short introduction on the printing technology used for biosensor fabrication in general, and a brief review of the recent reports related to virus, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic biosensor fabrication, via inkjet printing technology in particular.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhatt M, Shende P. Surface patterning techniques for proteins on nano- and micro-systems: a modulated aspect in hierarchical structures. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1176-1195. [PMID: 35119060 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The surface patterning of protein using fabrication or the external functionalization of structures demonstrates various applications in the biomedical field for bioengineering, biosensing and antifouling. This review article offers an outline of the existing advances in protein patterning technology with a special emphasis on the current physical and physicochemical methods, including stencil patterning, trap- and droplet-based microfluidics, and chemical modification of surfaces via photolithography, microcontact printing and scanning probe nanolithography. Different approaches are applied for the biological studies of recent trends for single-protein patterning technology, such as robotic printing, stencil printing and colloidal lithography, wherein the concepts of physical confinement, electrostatic and capillary forces, as well as dielectrophoretics, are summarised to understand the design approaches. Photochemical alterations with diazirine, nitrobenzyl and aryl azide functional groups for the implication of modified substrates, such as self-assembled monolayers functionalized with amino silanes, organosilanes and alkanethiols on gold surfaces, as well as topographical effects of patterning techniques for protein functionalization and orientation, are discussed. Analytical methods for the evaluation of protein functionality are also mentioned. Regarding their selectivity, protein pattering methods will be readily used to fabricate modified surfaces and target-specific delivery systems for the transportation of macromolecules such as streptavidin, and albumin. Future applications of patterning techniques include high-throughput screening, the evaluation of intracellular interactions, accurate screening and personalized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitri Bhatt
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sari B, Isik M, Eylem CC, Kilic C, Okesola BO, Karakaya E, Emregul E, Nemutlu E, Derkus B. Omics Technologies for High-Throughput-Screening of Cell-Biomaterial Interactions. Mol Omics 2022; 18:591-615. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent research effort in biomaterial development has largely focused on engineering bio-instructive materials to stimulate specific cell signaling. Assessing the biological performance of these materials using time-consuming and trial-and-error traditional...
Collapse
|
6
|
Martin CL, Zhai C, Paten JA, Yeo J, Deravi LF. Design and Production of Customizable and Highly Aligned Fibrillar Collagen Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34506101 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to fabricate anisotropic collagenous materials rapidly and reproducibly has remained elusive despite decades of research. Balancing the natural propensity of monomeric collagen (COL) to spontaneously polymerize in vitro with the mild processing conditions needed to maintain its native substructure upon polymerization introduces challenges that are not easily amenable with off-the-shelf instrumentation. To overcome these challenges, we have designed a platform that simultaneously aligns type I COL fibrils under mild shear flow and builds up the material through layer-by-layer assembly. We explored the mechanisms propagating fibril alignment, targeting experimental variables such as shear rate, viscosity, and time. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were also employed to help understand how initial reaction conditions including chain length, indicative of initial polymerization, and chain density, indicative of concentration, in the reaction environment impact fibril growth and alignment. When taken together, the mechanistic insights gleaned from these studies inspired the design, iteration, fabrication, and then customization of the fibrous collagenous materials, illustrating a platform material that can be readily adapted to future tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chenxi Zhai
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Paten
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Leila F Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dip-Pen Nanolithography(DPN): from Micro/Nano-patterns to Biosensing. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021; 37:846-854. [PMID: 34376961 PMCID: PMC8339700 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dip-pen nanolithography is an emerging and attractive surface modification technique that has the capacity to directly and controllably write micro/nano-array patterns on diverse substrates. The superior throughput, resolution, and registration enable DPN an outstanding candidate for biological detection from the molecular level to the cellular level. Herein, we overview the technological evolution of DPN in terms of its advanced derivatives and DPN-enabled versatile sensing patterns featuring multiple compositions and structures for biosensing. Benefitting from uniform, reproducible, and large-area array patterns, DPN-based biosensors have shown high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and fast response in target analyte detection and specific cellular recognition. We anticipate that DPN-based technologies could offer great potential opportunities to fabricate multiplexed, programmable, and commercial array-based sensing biochips.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin S, Wang D, Zhang L, Jin Y, Li Z, Bonaccurso E, You Z, Deng X, Chen L. Macrodrop-Impact-Mediated Fluid Microdispensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101331. [PMID: 34174164 PMCID: PMC8373096 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution fluid dispensing techniques play a critical role in modern digital microfluidics, micro-biosensing, and advanced fabrication. Though most of existing dispensers can achieve precise and high-throughput fluid dispensing, they suffer from some inherent problems, such as specially fabricated dispensing micronozzles/microtips, large operating systems, low volume tunability, and poor performance for low surface tension liquids and liquids containing solid/liquid additives. Herein, the authors propose a facile, low-frequency micro dispensing technique based on the Rayleigh-Plateau instability of singular liquid jets, which are stimulated by the air cavity collapse arising in the impact of microliter drops on non-wetting surfaces. This novel dispensing strategy is capable to produce single microdrops of low-viscosity liquids with a tunable volume from picoliters to nanoliters, and the operational surface tension range covers most laboratory solvents. The dispensing function is implemented without using small-dimension nozzles/tips and enables handling diverse complex liquids. Moreover, the rather simple operating platform allows the integration of the whole dispensing function into a handy portable device with a low cost. Employing this microdispensing technique, the authors have controlled microchemical reactions, handled liquid samples in biological analysis, and fabricated smart materials and devices. The authors envision that this rational microdrop generator would find applications in various research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Lin
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan611731P. R. China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610054P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610054P. R. China
| | - Yakang Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARP. R. China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARP. R. China
| | | | - Zili You
- School of Life Science and TechnologyCenter for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610054P. R. China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610054P. R. China
| | - Longquan Chen
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan611731P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu B, Saygin V, Brown KA, Andersson SB. High-resolution measurement of atomic force microscope cantilever resonance frequency. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123705. [PMID: 33379947 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) is widely used in a wide range of applications due to its high scanning resolution and diverse scanning modes. In many applications, there is a need for accurate and precise measurement of the vibrational resonance frequency of a cantilever. These frequency shifts can be related to changes in mass of the cantilever arising from, e.g., loss of fluid due to a nanolithography operation. A common method of measuring resonance frequency examines the power spectral density of the free random motion of the cantilever, commonly known as a thermal. While the thermal is capable of reasonable measurement resolution and speed, some applications are sensitive to changes in the resonance frequency of the cantilever, which are small, rapid, or both, and the performance of the thermal does not offer sufficient resolution in frequency or in time. In this work, we describe a method based on a narrow-range frequency sweep to measure the resonance frequency of a vibrational mode of an AFM cantilever and demonstrate it by monitoring the evaporation of glycerol from a cantilever. It can be seamlessly integrated into many commercial AFMs without additional hardware modifications and adapts to cantilevers with a wide range of resonance frequencies. Furthermore, this method can rapidly detect small changes in resonance frequency (with our experiments showing a resolution of ∼0.1 Hz for cantilever resonances ranging from 70 kHz to 300 kHz) at a rate far faster than with a thermal. These attributes are particularly beneficial for techniques such as dip-pen nanolithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Verda Saygin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Keith A Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sean B Andersson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antibody Printing Technologies. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33237416 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1064-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody microarrays are routinely employed in the lab and in the clinic for studying protein expression, protein-protein, and protein-drug interactions. The microarray format reduces the size scale at which biological and biochemical interactions occur, leading to large reductions in reagent consumption and handling times while increasing overall experimental throughput. Specifically, antibody microarrays, as a platform, offer a number of different advantages over traditional techniques in the areas of drug discovery and diagnostics. While a number of different techniques and approaches have been developed for creating micro and nanoscale antibody arrays, issues relating to sensitivity, cost, and reproducibility persist. The aim of this review is to highlight current state-of the-art techniques and approaches for creating antibody arrays by providing latest accounts of the field while discussing potential future directions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bicer M, Kumar BG, Melikov R, Bakis Dogru I, Sadeghi S, Rangelow IW, Alaca BE, Nizamoglu S. Silk as a biodegradable resist for field-emission scanning probe lithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:435303. [PMID: 32503021 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab99f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of silk allows for manufacturing various structures with advanced functionalities for optical and tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. Here, we propose a high-resolution nanoscale patterning method based on field-emission scanning probe lithography (FE-SPL) that crosslinks the biomaterial silk on conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) promoting the use of a biodegradable material as resist and water as a developer. During the lithographic process, Fowler-Nordheim electron emission from a sharp tip was used to manipulate the structure of silk fibroin from random coil to beta sheet and the emission formed nanoscale latent patterns with a critical dimension (CD) of ∼50 nm. To demonstrate the versatility of the method, we patterned standard and complex shapes. This method is particularly attractive due to its ease of operation without relying on a vacuum or a special gaseous environment and without any need for complex electronics or optics. Therefore, this study paves a practical and cost-effective way toward patterning biopolymers at ultra-high level resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Bicer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu G, Petrosko SH, Zheng Z, Mirkin CA. Evolution of Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN): From Molecular Patterning to Materials Discovery. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6009-6047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textile and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sarah Hurst Petrosko
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textile and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin J, Shi Y, Men Y, Wang X, Ye J, Zhang C. Mechanical Roles in Formation of Oriented Collagen Fibers. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:116-128. [PMID: 31801418 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is a structural protein that is widely present in vertebrates, being usually distributed in tissues in the form of fibers. In living organisms, fibers are organized in different orientations in various tissues. As the structural base in connective tissue and load-bearing tissue, the orientation of collagen fibers plays an extremely important role in the mechanical properties and physiological and biochemical functions. The study on mechanics role in formation of oriented collagen fibers enables us to understand how discrete cells use limited molecular materials to create tissues with different structures, thereby promoting our understanding of the mechanism of tissue formation from scratch, from invisible to tangible. However, the current understanding of the mechanism of fiber orientation is still insufficient. In addition, existing fabrication methods of oriented fibers are varied and involve interdisciplinary study, and the achievements of each experiment are favorable to the construction and improvement of the fiber orientation theory. To this end, this review focuses on the preparation methods of oriented fibers and proposes a model explaining the formation process of oriented fibers in tendons based on the existing fiber theory. Impact statement As the structural base in connective tissue and load-bearing tissue, the orientation of collagen fibers plays an extremely important role in the mechanical properties and physiological and biochemical functions. However, the current understanding of the mechanism of fiber orientation is still insufficient, which is greatly responsible for the challenge of functional tissue repair and regeneration. Understanding the mechanism of fiber orientation can promote the successful application of fiber orientation scaffolds in tissue repair and regeneration, as well as providing an insight for the mechanism of tissue histomorphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiexiang Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Men
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinduo Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
Phan TH, Van Gorp H, Li Z, Trung Huynh TM, Fujita Y, Verstraete L, Eyley S, Thielemans W, Uji-I H, Hirsch BE, Mertens SFL, Greenwood J, Ivasenko O, De Feyter S. Graphite and Graphene Fairy Circles: A Bottom-Up Approach for the Formation of Nanocorrals. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5559-5571. [PMID: 31013051 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A convenient covalent functionalization approach and nanopatterning method of graphite and graphene is developed. In contrast to expectations, electrochemically activated dediazotization of a mixture of two aryl diazonium compounds in aqueous media leads to a spatially inhomogeneous functionalization of graphitic surfaces, creating covalently modified surfaces with quasi-uniform spaced islands of pristine graphite or graphene, coined nanocorrals. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry approaches are compared. The average diameter (45-130 nm) and surface density (20-125 corrals/μm2) of these nanocorrals are tunable. These chemically modified nanostructured graphitic (CMNG) surfaces are characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mechanisms leading to the formation of these CMNG surfaces are discussed. The potential of these surfaces to investigate supramolecular self-assembly and on-surface reactions under nanoconfinement conditions is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Hai Phan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
- Department of Physics , Quy Nhon University , 170 An Duong Vuong , Quy Nhon , Vietnam
| | - Hans Van Gorp
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Thi Mien Trung Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
- Department of Chemistry , Quy Nhon University , 170 An Duong Vuong , Quy Nhon , Vietnam
| | - Yasuhiko Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lander Verstraete
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Campus Kortrijk , KU Leuven , Etienne Sabbelaan 53 , 8500 Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Campus Kortrijk , KU Leuven , Etienne Sabbelaan 53 , 8500 Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Brandon E Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Stijn F L Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , United Kingdom
| | - John Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Surface Modification by Combination of Dip-Pen Nanolithography and Soft Lithography for Reduction of Bacterial Adhesion. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/8624735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) and soft lithography are techniques suitable to modify the surface of biomaterials. Modified surfaces might play a role in modulating cells and reducing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. The main objective of this study was threefold: first, to create patterns at microscale on model surfaces using DPN; second, to duplicate and transfer these patterns to a real biomaterial surface using a microstamping technique; and finally, to assess bacterial adhesion to these developed patterned surfaces using the cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans. DPN was used with a polymeric adhesive to create dot patterns on model surfaces. Elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane was used to duplicate the patterns and silica sol to transfer them to the medical grade stainless steel 316L surface by microstamping. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the patterns. S. mutans adhesion was assessed by colony-forming units (CFUs), MTT viability assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DPN allowed creating microarrays from 1 to 5 µm in diameter on model surfaces that were successfully transferred to the stainless steel 316L surface via microstamping. A significant reduction up to one order of magnitude in bacterial adhesion to micropatterned surfaces was observed. The presented experimental approach may be used to create patterns at microscale on a surface and transfer them to other surfaces of interest. A reduction in bacterial adhesion to patterned surfaces might have a major impact since adhesion is a key step in biofilm formation and development of biomaterial-related infections.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yáñez-Sedeño P, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Integrated Affinity Biosensing Platforms on Screen-Printed Electrodes Electrografted with Diazonium Salts. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020675. [PMID: 29495294 PMCID: PMC5854980 DOI: 10.3390/s18020675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adequate selection of the electrode surface and the strategies for its modification to enable subsequent immobilization of biomolecules and/or nanomaterials integration play a major role in the performance of electrochemical affinity biosensors. Because of the simplicity, rapidity and versatility, electrografting using diazonium salt reduction is among the most currently used functionalization methods to provide the attachment of an organic layer to a conductive substrate. This particular chemistry has demonstrated to be a powerful tool to covalently immobilize in a stable and reproducible way a wide range of biomolecules or nanomaterials onto different electrode surfaces. Considering the great progress and interesting features arisen in the last years, this paper outlines the potential of diazonium chemistry to prepare single or multianalyte electrochemical affinity biosensors on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and points out the existing challenges and future directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu AP, Chaudhuri O, Parekh SH. New advances in probing cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:383-405. [PMID: 28352896 PMCID: PMC5708530 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to cells within tissues. An emerging body of evidence has established that the ECM plays a key role in cell mechanotransduction - the study of coupling between mechanical inputs and cellular phenotype - through either mediating transmission of forces to the cells, or presenting mechanical cues that guide cellular behaviors. Recent progress in cell mechanotransduction research has been facilitated by advances of experimental tools, particularly microtechnologies, engineered biomaterials, and imaging and analytical methods. Microtechnologies have enabled the design and fabrication of controlled physical microenvironments for the study and measurement of cell-ECM interactions. Advances in engineered biomaterials have allowed researchers to develop synthetic ECMs that mimic tissue microenvironments and investigate the impact of altered physicochemical properties on various cellular processes. Finally, advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques have facilitated the visualization of the complex interaction between cells and ECM in vitro and in living tissues. This review will highlight the application of recent innovations in these areas to probing cell-ECM interactions. We believe cross-disciplinary approaches, combining aspects of the different technologies reviewed here, will inspire innovative ideas to further elucidate the secrets of ECM-mediated cell control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
- Biophysics Program , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy , Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Mainz 55128 , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Di Cio S, Bøggild TML, Connelly J, Sutherland DS, Gautrot JE. Differential integrin expression regulates cell sensing of the matrix nanoscale geometry. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:280-292. [PMID: 27940195 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nanoscale geometry and topography of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) is an important parameter controlling cell adhesion and phenotype. Similarly, integrin expression and the geometrical maturation of adhesions they regulate have been correlated with important changes in cell spreading and phenotype. However, how integrin expression controls the nanoscale sensing of the ECM geometry is not clearly understood. Here we develop a new nanopatterning technique, electrospun nanofiber lithography (ENL), which allows the production of a quasi-2D fibrous nanopattern with controlled dimensions (250-1000nm) and densities. ENL relies on electrospun fibres to act as a mask for the controlled growth of protein-resistant polymer brushes. SEM, AFM and immunofluorescence imaging were used to characterise the resulting patterns and the adsorption of the extra-cellular matrix protein fibronectin to the patterned fibres. The control of adhesion formation was studied, as well as the remodelling and deposition of novel matrix. Cell spreading was found to be regulated by the size of fibres, similarly to previous observations made on circular nanopatterns. However, cell shape and polarity were more significantly affected. These changes correlated with important cytoskeleton reorganisation, with a gradual decrease in stress fibre formation as the pattern dimensions decrease. Finally, the differential expression of αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins in engineered cell lines was found to be an important mediator of cell sensing of the nanoscale geometry of the ECM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The novel nanofiber patterns developed in this study, via ENL, mimic the geometry and continuity of natural matrices found in the stroma of tissues, whilst preserving a quasi-2D character (to facilitate imaging and for comparison with other 2D systems such as micropatterned monolayers and circular nanopatches generated by colloidal lithography). These results demonstrate that the nanoscale geometry of the ECM plays an important role in regulating cell adhesion and that this is modulated by integrin expression. This is an important finding as it implies that the knowledge of the biochemical context underlying the integrin-mediated adhesive machinery of specific cell types should allow better design of biomaterials and biointerfaces. Indeed, changes in integrin expression are often associated with the control of cell proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Cio
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Thea M L Bøggild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - John Connelly
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Julien E Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heidari K S, Biazar E, Seyedbarzegar SM, Mousavi N, Vosoughi F, Khademi S N, Nami F, Hosseinkazemi H. Simple design of an aligned transparent biofilm by magnetic particles and its cellular study. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Heidari K
- Ophtalmoproteomics Lab, Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Tonekabon Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tonekabon Iran
| | - S. Meysam Seyedbarzegar
- Department of Electric power Engineering, Tonekabon Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tonekabon Iran
| | - Nayerehsadat Mousavi
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Tonekabon Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tonekabon Iran
| | - Fina Vosoughi
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Tonekabon Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tonekabon Iran
| | - Naghmeh Khademi S
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Tonekabon Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tonekabon Iran
| | - Fariba Nami
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Tonekabon Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tonekabon Iran
| | - Hesam Hosseinkazemi
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guardingo M, Busqué F, Ruiz-Molina D. Reactions in ultra-small droplets by tip-assisted chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11617-26. [PMID: 27468750 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The confinement of chemical reactions within small droplets has received much attention in the last few years. This approach has been proved successful for the in-depth study of naturally occurring chemical processes as well as for the synthesis of different sets of nanomaterials with control over their size, shape and properties. Different approaches such as the use of self-contained structures or microfluidic generated droplets have been followed over the years with success. However, novel approaches have emerged during the last years based on the deposition of femtolitre-sized droplets on surfaces using tip-assisted lithographic methods. In this feature article, we review the advances made towards the use of these ultra-small droplets patterned on surfaces as confined nano-reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Guardingo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Microfluidic neurite guidance to study structure-function relationships in topologically-complex population-based neural networks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28384. [PMID: 27328705 PMCID: PMC4916598 DOI: 10.1038/srep28384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is a dense, layered, 3D interconnected network of populations of neurons, and thus recapitulating that complexity for in vitro CNS models requires methods that can create defined topologically-complex neuronal networks. Several three-dimensional patterning approaches have been developed but none have demonstrated the ability to control the connections between populations of neurons. Here we report a method using AC electrokinetic forces that can guide, accelerate, slow down and push up neurites in un-modified collagen scaffolds. We present a means to create in vitro neural networks of arbitrary complexity by using such forces to create 3D intersections of primary neuronal populations that are plated in a 2D plane. We report for the first time in vitro basic brain motifs that have been previously observed in vivo and show that their functional network is highly decorrelated to their structure. This platform can provide building blocks to reproduce in vitro the complexity of neural circuits and provide a minimalistic environment to study the structure-function relationship of the brain circuitry.
Collapse
|
24
|
Groen N, Guvendiren M, Rabitz H, Welsh WJ, Kohn J, de Boer J. Stepping into the omics era: Opportunities and challenges for biomaterials science and engineering. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:133-142. [PMID: 26876875 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The research paradigm in biomaterials science and engineering is evolving from using low-throughput and iterative experimental designs towards high-throughput experimental designs for materials optimization and the evaluation of materials properties. Computational science plays an important role in this transition. With the emergence of the omics approach in the biomaterials field, referred to as materiomics, high-throughput approaches hold the promise of tackling the complexity of materials and understanding correlations between material properties and their effects on complex biological systems. The intrinsic complexity of biological systems is an important factor that is often oversimplified when characterizing biological responses to materials and establishing property-activity relationships. Indeed, in vitro tests designed to predict in vivo performance of a given biomaterial are largely lacking as we are not able to capture the biological complexity of whole tissues in an in vitro model. In this opinion paper, we explain how we reached our opinion that converging genomics and materiomics into a new field would enable a significant acceleration of the development of new and improved medical devices. The use of computational modeling to correlate high-throughput gene expression profiling with high throughput combinatorial material design strategies would add power to the analysis of biological effects induced by material properties. We believe that this extra layer of complexity on top of high-throughput material experimentation is necessary to tackle the biological complexity and further advance the biomaterials field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this opinion paper, we postulate that converging genomics and materiomics into a new field would enable a significant acceleration of the development of new and improved medical devices. The use of computational modeling to correlate high-throughput gene expression profiling with high throughput combinatorial material design strategies would add power to the analysis of biological effects induced by material properties. We believe that this extra layer of complexity on top of high-throughput material experimentation is necessary to tackle the biological complexity and further advance the biomaterials field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Groen
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Herschel Rabitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - William J Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- cBITE Lab, Merln Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kandemir AC, Erdem D, Ma H, Reiser A, Spolenak R. Polymer nanocomposite patterning by dip-pen nanolithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:135303. [PMID: 26909592 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/13/135303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate aim of this study is to construct polymer nanocomposite patterns by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). Recent investigations have revealed the effect of the amount of ink (Laplace pressure) on the mechanism of liquid ink writing. In this study it is shown that not only the amount of ink, but also physisorption and surface diffusion are relevant. After a few writing steps, physisorption and surface diffusion outweigh the influence of the amount of ink, allowing consistent patterning governed by dwell times and writing speeds. Polymer matrices can be utilized as a delivery medium to deposit functional particles. DPN patterning of polymer nanocomposites allows for local tuning of the functionality and mechanical strength of the written patterns in high resolution, with the benefit of pattern flexibility. Typically polymer matrices with volatile components are used as a delivery medium for nanoparticle deposition, with subsequent removal of loosely bound matrix material by heating or oxygen plasma. In our study, nanocomposite patterns were constructed, and the differences between polymer and nanocomposite patterning were investigated. Cross-sectional SEM and TEM analysis confirmed that nanoparticles can be deposited with the liquid-polymer ink and are evenly distributed in the polymer matrix.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cell sensing of physical properties at the nanoscale: Mechanisms and control of cell adhesion and phenotype. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:26-48. [PMID: 26596568 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry, geometry, topography and mechanical properties of biomaterials modulate biochemical signals (in particular ligand-receptor binding events) that control cells-matrix interactions. In turn, the regulation of cell adhesion by the biochemical and physical properties of the matrix controls cell phenotypes such as proliferation, motility and differentiation. In particular, nanoscale geometrical, topographical and mechanical properties of biomaterials are essential to achieve control of the cell-biomaterials interface. The design of such nanoscale architectures and platforms requires understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying adhesion formation and the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. This review presents some of the important molecular mechanisms underlying cell adhesion to biomaterials mediated by integrins and discusses the nanoscale engineered platforms used to control these processes. Such nanoscale understanding of the cell-biomaterials interface offers exciting opportunities for the design of biomaterials and their application to the field of tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Biomaterials design is important in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, in particular to allow the long term expansion of stem cells and the engineering of scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Cell adhesion to biomaterials often plays a central role in regulating cell phenotype. It is emerging that physical properties of biomaterials, and more generally the microenvironment, regulate such behaviour. In particular, cells respond to nanoscale physical properties of their matrix. Understanding how such nanoscale physical properties control cell adhesion is therefore essential for biomaterials design. To this aim, a deeper understanding of molecular processes controlling cell adhesion, but also a greater control of matrix engineering is required. Such multidisciplinary approaches shed light on some of the fundamental mechanisms via which cell adhesions sense their nanoscale physical environment.
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Kilian KA. Bridging the Gap: From 2D Cell Culture to 3D Microengineered Extracellular Matrices. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2780-96. [PMID: 26592366 PMCID: PMC4780579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically the culture of mammalian cells in the laboratory has been performed on planar substrates with media cocktails that are optimized to maintain phenotype. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that much of biology discerned from 2D studies does not translate well to the 3D microenvironment. Over the last several decades, 2D and 3D microengineering approaches have been developed that better recapitulate the complex architecture and properties of in vivo tissue. Inspired by the infrastructure of the microelectronics industry, lithographic patterning approaches have taken center stage because of the ease in which cell-sized features can be engineered on surfaces and within a broad range of biocompatible materials. Patterning and templating techniques enable precise control over extracellular matrix properties including: composition, mechanics, geometry, cell-cell contact, and diffusion. In this review article we explore how the field of engineered extracellular matrices has evolved with the development of new hydrogel chemistry and the maturation of micro- and nano- fabrication. Guided by the spatiotemporal regulation of cell state in developing tissues, techniques for micropatterning in 2D, pseudo-3D systems, and patterning within 3D hydrogels will be discussed in the context of translating the information gained from 2D systems to synthetic engineered 3D tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sayin E, Baran ET, Hasirci V. Osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells on high and low aspect ratio micropatterns. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1402-24. [PMID: 26418723 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured on collagen-silk fibroin films with microchannel and micropillar patterns to investigate the effects of cell morphology changes on osteogenic differentiation. Channel and pillar micropatterned films were prepared from collagen type I and silk fibroin. While higher ADSC proliferation profiles were obtained on micropillar blend film, microchannel blend films, however, caused twice higher aspect ratio and effective orientation of cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity of ADSCs was several times higher on microchannel surface when the measured activities were normalized to cell number. Effective deposition of collagen type I and mineral by the cells were observed for patterned and unpatterned films, and these extracellular matrix components were oriented along the axis of the microchannels. In conclusion, the use of collagen-fibroin blend film with microchannel topography increased the aspect ratio and alignment of cells significantly, and was also effective in the differentiation of ADSCs into osteogenic lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sayin
- a Department of Biotechnology , METU , Ankara 06800 , Turkey.,b BIOMATEN , METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Erkan Türker Baran
- b BIOMATEN , METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- a Department of Biotechnology , METU , Ankara 06800 , Turkey.,b BIOMATEN , METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
An aptasensor for voltammetric and impedimetric determination of cocaine based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with platinum nanoparticles and using rutin as a redox probe. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment is extremely complex, and a plethora of materials and methods have been employed to mimic its properties in vitro. In particular, scientists and engineers have taken an interdisciplinary approach in their creation of synthetic biointerfaces that replicate chemical and physical aspects of the cellular microenvironment. Here the focus is on the use of synthetic materials or a combination of synthetic and biological ligands to recapitulate the defined surface chemistries, microstructure, and function of the cellular microenvironment for a myriad of biomedical applications. Specifically, strategies for altering the surface of these environments using self-assembled monolayers, polymer coatings, and their combination with patterned biological ligands are explored. Furthermore, methods for augmenting an important physical property of the cellular microenvironment, topography, are highlighted, and the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed. Finally, the progress of materials for prolonged stem cell culture, a key component in the translation of stem cell therapeutics for clinical use, is featured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Ross
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - J. Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute,
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Roy D, Park JW. Spatially nanoscale-controlled functional surfaces toward efficient bioactive platforms. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5135-5149. [PMID: 32262587 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interest in well-defined surface architectures has shown a steady increase, particularly among those involved in biological applications where the reactivity of functional groups on the surface is desired to be close to that of the solution phase. Recent research has demonstrated that utilizing the self-assembly process is an attractive and viable choice for the fabrication of two-dimensional nanoscale-controlled architectures. This review highlights representative examples for controlling the spatial placement of reactive functional groups in the optimization of bioactive surfaces. While the selection is not comprehensive, it becomes evident that surface architecture is one of the key components in allowing efficient biomolecular interactions with surfaces and that the optimized lateral spacing between the immobilized molecules is crucial and even critical in some cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvajyoti Roy
- Nanogea Inc., 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA 90230, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kwak EA, Ahn S, Jaworski J. Microfabrication of Custom Collagen Structures Capable of Guiding Cell Morphology and Alignment. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1761-70. [PMID: 25955148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of biological components into structural analogues of native tissues to simulate an environment for directing cell growth is one important strategy in biomaterials fabrication. It is widely accepted that chemical, mechanical, and topological cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) provide important signals for guiding cells to exhibit characteristic polarity, orientation, and morphology. To fully understand the delicate relationship between cell behavior and ECM features, biomaterials fabrication requires improved techniques for tailoring nano/microstructured patterns from relevant biological building blocks rather than using nonbiological materials. Here we reveal a unique approach for the nano/microfabrication of custom patterned biomaterials using collagen as the sole building material. With this new fabrication technique, we further revealed that custom collagen patterns could direct the orientation and morphology of fibroblast growth as a function of vertex density and pattern spacing. Our findings suggest that this technique may be readily adopted for the free form fabrication of custom cell scaffolds purely from natural biological molecules including collagen, among other relevant ECM components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-A Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Suji Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Justyn Jaworski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fabié L, Agostini P, Stopel M, Blum C, Lassagne B, Subramaniam V, Ondarçuhu T. Direct patterning of nanoparticles and biomolecules by liquid nanodispensing. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4497-4504. [PMID: 25684315 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06824f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the localized deposition of nanoparticles and proteins, nano-objects commonly used in many nanodevices, by the liquid nanodispensing (NADIS) technique which consists in depositing droplets of a solution through a nanochannel drilled at the apex of an AFM tip. We demonstrate that the size of spots can be adjusted from microns down to sub-50 nm by tuning the channel diameter, independently of the chemical nature of the solute. In the case of nanoparticles, we demonstrated the ultimate limit of the method and showed that large arrays of single (or pairs of) nanoparticles can be reproducibly deposited. We further explored the possibility to deposit different visible fluorescent proteins using NADIS without loss of protein function. The intrinsic fluorescence of these proteins is characteristic of their structural integrity; the retention of fluorescence after NADIS deposition demonstrates that the proteins are intact and functional. This study demonstrates that NADIS can be a viable alternative to other scanning probe lithography techniques since it combines high resolution direct writing of nanoparticles or biomolecules with the versatility of liquid lithography techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Fabié
- Nanosciences Group, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex 5, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hoogenkamp HR, Bakker GJ, Wolf L, Suurs P, Dunnewind B, Barbut S, Friedl P, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. Directing collagen fibers using counter-rotating cone extrusion. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:113-121. [PMID: 25462525 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The bio-inspired engineering of tissue equivalents should take into account anisotropic morphology and the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. This especially applies to collagen fibrils, which have various, but highly defined, orientations throughout tissues and organs. There are several methods available to control the alignment of soluble collagen monomers, but the options to direct native insoluble collagen fibers are limited. Here we apply a controlled counter-rotating cone extrusion technology to engineer tubular collagen constructs with defined anisotropy. Driven by diverging inner and outer cone rotation speeds, collagen fibrils from bovine skin were extruded and precipitated onto mandrels as tubes with oriented fibers and bundles, as examined by second harmonic generation microscopy and quantitative image analysis. A clear correlation was found whereby the direction and extent of collagen fiber alignment during extrusion were a function of the shear forces caused by a combination of the cone rotation and flow direction. A gradual change in the fiber direction, spanning +50 to -40°, was observed throughout the sections of the sample, with an average decrease ranging from 2.3 to 2.6° every 10μm. By varying the cone speeds, the collagen constructs showed differences in elasticity and toughness, spanning 900-2000kPa and 19-35mJ, respectively. Rotational extrusion presents an enabling technology to create and control the (an)isotropic architecture of collagen constructs for application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
35
|
Understanding and controlling type I collagen adsorption and assembly at interfaces, and application to cell engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
36
|
Westcott NP, Luo W, Yousaf M. Controlling cell behavior with peptide nano-patterns. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 430:207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
37
|
Rodda AE, Meagher L, Nisbet DR, Forsythe JS. Specific control of cell–material interactions: Targeting cell receptors using ligand-functionalized polymer substrates. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
38
|
Custódio CA, Reis RL, Mano JF. Engineering biomolecular microenvironments for cell instructive biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:797-810. [PMID: 24464880 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cell instructive microenvironments with the ability to stimulate specific cellular responses are a topic of high interest in the fabrication and development of biomaterials for application in tissue engineering. Cells are inherently sensitive to the in vivo microenvironment that is often designed as the cell "niche." The cell "niche" comprising the extracellular matrix and adjacent cells, influences not only cell architecture and mechanics, but also cell polarity and function. Extensive research has been performed to establish new tools to fabricate biomimetic advanced materials for tissue engineering that incorporate structural, mechanical, and biochemical signals that interact with cells in a controlled manner and to recapitulate the in vivo dynamic microenvironment. Bioactive tunable microenvironments using micro and nanofabrication have been successfully developed and proven to be extremely powerful to control intracellular signaling and cell function. This Review is focused in the assortment of biochemical signals that have been explored to fabricate bioactive cell microenvironments and the main technologies and chemical strategies to encode them in engineered biomaterials with biological information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A. Custódio
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rich H, Odlyha M, Cheema U, Mudera V, Bozec L. Effects of photochemical riboflavin-mediated crosslinks on the physical properties of collagen constructs and fibrils. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:11-21. [PMID: 24006048 PMCID: PMC3890585 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of collagen scaffold in tissue engineering is on the rise, as modifications to mechanical properties are becoming more effective in strengthening constructs whilst preserving the natural biocompatibility. The combined technique of plastic compression and cross-linking is known to increase the mechanical strength of the collagen construct. Here, a modified protocol for engineering these collagen constructs is used to bring together a plastic compression method, combined with controlled photochemical crosslinking using riboflavin as a photoinitiator. In order to ascertain the effects of the photochemical crosslinking approach and the impact of the crosslinks created upon the properties of the engineered collagen constructs, the constructs were characterized both at the macroscale and at the fibrillar level. The resulting constructs were found to have a 2.5 fold increase in their Young's modulus, reaching a value of 650 ± 73 kPa when compared to non-crosslinked control collagen constructs. This value is not yet comparable to that of native tendon, but it proves that combining a crosslinking methodology to collagen tissue engineering may offer a new approach to create stronger, biomimetic constructs. A notable outcome of crosslinking collagen with riboflavin is the collagen's greater affinity for water; it was demonstrated that riboflavin crosslinked collagen retains water for a longer period of time compared to non-cross-linked control samples. The affinity of the cross-linked collagen to water also resulted in an increase of individual collagen fibrils' cross-sectional area as function of the crosslinking. These changes in water affinity and fibril morphology induced by the process of crosslinking could indicate that the crosslinked chains created during the photochemical crosslinking process may act as intermolecular hydrophilic nanosprings. These intermolecular nanosprings would be responsible for a change in the fibril morphology to accommodate variable volume of water within the fibril.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Rich
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marianne Odlyha
- Department of Biological Sciences Birkbeck, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of London, London, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vivek Mudera
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The challenge of constructing surfaces with nanostructured chemical functionality is central to many areas of biology and biotechnology. This protocol describes the steps required for performing molecular printing using polymer pen lithography (PPL), a cantilever-free scanning probe-based technique that can generate sub-100-nm molecular features in a massively parallel fashion. To illustrate how such molecular printing can be used for a variety of biologically relevant applications, we detail the fabrication of the lithographic apparatus and the deposition of two materials, an alkanethiol and a polymer onto a gold and silicon surface, respectively, and show how the present approach can be used to generate nanostructures composed of proteins and metals. Finally, we describe how PPL enables researchers to easily create combinatorial arrays of nanostructures, a powerful approach for high-throughput screening. A typical protocol for fabricating PPL arrays and printing with the arrays takes 48-72 h to complete, including two overnight waiting steps.
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Yaari A, Posen Y, Shoseyov O. Liquid Crystalline Human Recombinant Collagen: The Challenge and the Opportunity. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1502-6. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yaari
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- CollPlant Ltd., Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- CollPlant Ltd., Ness-Ziona, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Thiruvengadathan R, Korampally V, Ghosh A, Chanda N, Gangopadhyay K, Gangopadhyay S. Nanomaterial processing using self-assembly-bottom-up chemical and biological approaches. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:066501. [PMID: 23722189 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/6/066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is touted as the next logical sequence in technological evolution. This has led to a substantial surge in research activities pertaining to the development and fundamental understanding of processes and assembly at the nanoscale. Both top-down and bottom-up fabrication approaches may be used to realize a range of well-defined nanostructured materials with desirable physical and chemical attributes. Among these, the bottom-up self-assembly process offers the most realistic solution toward the fabrication of next-generation functional materials and devices. Here, we present a comprehensive review on the physical basis behind self-assembly and the processes reported in recent years to direct the assembly of nanoscale functional blocks into hierarchically ordered structures. This paper emphasizes assembly in the synthetic domain as well in the biological domain, underscoring the importance of biomimetic approaches toward novel materials. In particular, two important classes of directed self-assembly, namely, (i) self-assembly among nanoparticle-polymer systems and (ii) external field-guided assembly are highlighted. The spontaneous self-assembling behavior observed in nature that leads to complex, multifunctional, hierarchical structures within biological systems is also discussed in this review. Recent research undertaken to synthesize hierarchically assembled functional materials have underscored the need as well as the benefits harvested in synergistically combining top-down fabrication methods with bottom-up self-assembly.
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu G, Zhou Y, Banga RS, Boya R, Brown KA, Chipre AJ, Nguyen ST, Mirkin CA. The role of viscosity on polymer ink transport in dip-pen nanolithography. Chem Sci 2013; 4:2093-2099. [PMID: 23641313 PMCID: PMC3638971 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how ink transfers to a surface in dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is crucial for designing new ink materials and developing the processes to pattern them. Herein, we investigate the transport of block copolymer inks with varying viscosities, from an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to a substrate. The size of the patterned block copolymer features was determined to increase with dwell time and decrease with ink viscosity. A mass transfer model is proposed to describe this behaviour, which is fundamentally different from small molecule transport mechanisms due to entanglement of the polymeric chains. The fundamental understanding developed here provides mechanistic insight into the transport of large polymer molecules, and highlights the importance of ink viscosity in controlling the DPN process. Given the ubiquity of polymeric materials in semiconducting nanofabrication, organic electronics, and bioengineering applications, this study could provide an avenue for DPN to expand its role in these fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Resham S. Banga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Radha Boya
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Keith A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Anthony J. Chipre
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
This review surveys selected methods of manufacture and applications of microdevices-miniaturized functional devices capable of handling cell and tissue cultures or producing particles-and discusses their potential relevance to nanomedicine. Many characteristics of microdevices such as miniaturization, increased throughput, and the ability to mimic organ-specific microenvironments are promising for the rapid, low-cost evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of nanomaterials. Their potential to accurately reproduce the physiological environments that occur in vivo could reduce dependence on animal models in pharmacological testing. Technologies in microfabrications and microfluidics are widely applicable for nanomaterial synthesis and for the development of diagnostic devices. Although the use of microdevices in nanomedicine is still in its infancy, these technologies show promise for enhancing fundamental and applied research in nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michinao Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Radha B, Liu G, Eichelsdoerfer DJ, Kulkarni GU, Mirkin CA. Layer-by-layer assembly of a metallomesogen by dip-pen nanolithography. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2602-2609. [PMID: 23402390 DOI: 10.1021/nn306013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Palladium alkanethiolates are introduced here as a novel liquid ink for dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). These structures exhibit the unusual characteristic of layer-by-layer assembly, allowing one to deposit a desired number of metal ions on a surface, which can subsequently be reduced via thermolysis to form active catalytic structures. Such structures have been used to generate contiguous metallic or conducting polymer nanoscale architectures by electroless deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boya Radha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Detection of odorant molecules via surface acoustic wave biosensor array based on odorant-binding proteins. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:328-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
48
|
Feng CH, Cheng YC, Chao PHG. The influence and interactions of substrate thickness, organization and dimensionality on cell morphology and migration. Acta Biomater 2013. [PMID: 23201017 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells reside in a complex microenvironment in situ, with a number of chemical and physical parameters interacting to modulate cell phenotype and activities. To understand cell behavior in three dimensions recent studies have utilized natural or synthetic hydrogel or fibrous materials. Taking cues from the nucleation and growth characteristics of collagen fibrils in shear flow, we generate cell-laden three-dimensional collagen hydrogels with aligned collagen fibrils using a simple microfluidic device driven by hydrostatic flow. Furthermore, by regulating the collagen hydrogel thickness, the effective surface stiffness can be modulated to change the mechanical environment of the cell. Dimensionality, topography, and substrate thickness/stiffness change cell morphology and migration. Interactions amongst these parameters further influence cell behavior. For instance, while cells responded similarly to the change in substrate thickness/stiffness on two-dimensional random gels, dimensionality and fiber alignment both interacted with substrate thickness/stiffness to change cell morphology and motility. This economical, simple to use, and fully biocompatible platform highlights the importance of well-controlled physical parameters in the cellular microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-hsiang Feng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School and Medicine and School of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ross AM, Lahann J. Surface engineering the cellular microenvironment via patterning and gradients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
50
|
Eichelsdoerfer DJ, Brown KA, Boya R, Shim W, Mirkin CA. Tuning the spring constant of cantilever-free tip arrays. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:664-667. [PMID: 23286875 DOI: 10.1021/nl304268u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A method to measure and tune the spring constant of tips in a cantilever-free array by adjusting the mechanical properties of the elastomeric layer on which it is based is reported. Using this technique, large-area silicon tip arrays are fabricated with spring constants tuned ranging from 7 to 150 N/m. To illustrate the benefit of utilizing a lower spring constant array, the ability to pattern on a delicate 50 nm silicon nitride substrate is explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Eichelsdoerfer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|