1
|
Taha M, Salahuddin M, Almandil NB, Farooq RK, Rahim F, Uddin N, Nawaz M, Alhibshi AH, Anouar EH, Khan KM. In Vitro and in Vivo Antidiabetics Study of New Oxadiazole Derivatives Along with Molecular Docking Study. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2127799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani H. Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Almahayni K, Spiekermann M, Fiore A, Yu G, Pedram K, Möckl L. Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian glycosylation. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100108. [PMID: 36467541 PMCID: PMC9713294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the fundamental biopolymers encountered in living systems. Compared to polynucleotide and polypeptide biosynthesis, polysaccharide biosynthesis is a uniquely combinatorial process to which interdependent enzymes with seemingly broad specificities contribute. The resulting intracellular cell surface, and secreted glycans play key roles in health and disease, from embryogenesis to cancer progression. The study and modulation of glycans in cell and organismal biology is aided by small molecule inhibitors of the enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this review, we survey the arsenal of currently available inhibitors, focusing on agents which have been independently validated in diverse systems. We highlight the utility of these inhibitors and drawbacks to their use, emphasizing the need for innovation for basic research as well as for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Almahayni
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malte Spiekermann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fiore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA,Corresponding authors.
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Derking R, Sanders RW. Structure-guided envelope trimer design in HIV-1 vaccine development: a narrative review. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24 Suppl 7:e25797. [PMID: 34806305 PMCID: PMC8606863 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vaccine remains a formidable challenge. An effective vaccine likely requires the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which likely involves the use of native-like HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers at some or all stages of vaccination. Development of such trimers has been very difficult, but much progress has been made in the past decade, starting with the BG505 SOSIP trimer, elucidation of its atomic structure and implementing subsequent design iterations. This progress facilitated understanding the weaknesses of the Env trimer, fuelled structure-guided HIV-1 vaccine design and assisted in the development of new vaccine designs. This review summarizes the relevant literature focusing on studies using structural biology to reveal and define HIV-1 Env sites of vulnerability; to improve Env trimers, by creating more stable versions; understanding antibody responses in preclinical vaccination studies at the atomic level; understanding the glycan shield; and to improve "on-target" antibody responses versus "off-target" responses. METHODS The authors conducted a narrative review of recently published articles that made a major contribution to HIV-1 structural biology and vaccine design efforts between the years 2000 and 2021. DISCUSSION The field of structural biology is evolving at an unprecedented pace, where cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography provide complementary information. Resolving protein structures is necessary for defining which Env surfaces are accessible for the immune system and can be targeted by neutralizing antibodies. Recently developed techniques, such as electron microscopy-based polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM) are revolutionizing the way we are analysing immune responses and shed light on the immunodominant targets on new vaccine immunogens. Such information accelerates iterative vaccine design; for example, by reducing undesirable off-target responses, while improving immunogens to drive the more desirable on-target responses. CONCLUSIONS Resolving high-resolution structures of the HIV-1 Env trimer was instrumental in understanding and improving recombinant HIV-1 Env trimers that mimic the structure of viral HIV-1 Env spikes. Newly emerging techniques in structural biology are aiding vaccine design efforts and improving immunogens. The role of structural biology in HIV-1 vaccine design has indeed become very prominent and is unlikely to diminish any time soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Derking
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdam UMC, AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdam UMC, AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maurya AK, Mulpuru V, Mishra N. Discovery of Novel Coumarin Analogs against the α-Glucosidase Protein Target of Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacophore-Based QSAR, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32234-32249. [PMID: 33376861 PMCID: PMC7758891 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, the third killer of mankind. The finding of potent drugs against diabetes remains challenging. In the present study, coumarin derivatives with known biological activity against diabetic protein have been used to predict functional groups' positions on coumarin derivatives. α-Glucosidase is a brush border membrane-bound lysosomal enzyme from the hydrolase enzyme family. It plays an important role in the metabolism of glycoproteins. Inhibitors of lysosomal α-glucosidase can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. Due to this, lysosomal α-glucosidase is a good therapeutic target for drugs. A total of 116 coumarin derivatives with IC50 values against lysosomal α-glucosidase were selected for a CADD (computer-aided drug design) approach to identify more potent drugs. Pharmacophore modeling and atom-based 3-QSAR of 116 active compounds against lysosomal α-glucosidase were performed and identified positions and types of groups to increase activity. We performed molecular docking of 116 coumarin derivatives against the lysosomal α-glucosidase enzyme, and three compounds (isorutarine, 10_, and 36) resulted in a docking score of -7.64, -7.12, and -6.86 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation of the above three molecules and protein complex performed for 100 ns supported the interaction stability of isorutarine, 10_, and 36 with the lysosomal binding site α-glucosidase.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang J, Morris-Natschke SL, Ma D, Shang XF, Yang CJ, Liu YQ, Lee KH. Biologically active indolizidine alkaloids. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:928-960. [PMID: 33128409 DOI: 10.1002/med.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indolizidine alkaloids are chemical constituents isolated from various marine and terrestrial plants and animals, including but not limited to trees, fungi, ants, and frogs, with a myriad of important biological activities. In this review, we discuss the biological activity and pharmacological effects of indolizidine alkaloids and offer new avenues toward the discovery of new and better drugs based on these naturally occurring compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Di Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Chen-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moise IM, Bîcu E, Farce A, Dubois J, Ghinet A. Indolizine-phenothiazine hybrids as the first dual inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and farnesyltransferase with synergistic antitumor activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
7
|
Castanospermine reduces Zika virus infection-associated seizure by inhibiting both the viral load and inflammation in mouse models. Antiviral Res 2020; 183:104935. [PMID: 32949636 PMCID: PMC7492813 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have been reported worldwide, including a recent occurrence in Brazil where it spread rapidly, and an association with increased cases of microcephaly was observed in addition to neurological issues such as GBS that were reported during previous outbreaks. Following infection of neuronal tissues, ZIKV can cause inflammation, which may lead to neuronal abnormalities, including seizures and paralysis. Therefore, a drug containing both anti-viral and immunosuppressive properties would be of great importance in combating ZIKV related neurological abnormalities. Castanospermine (CST) is potentially a right candidate drug as it reduced viral load and brain inflammation with the resulting appearance of delayed neuronal disorders, including seizures and paralysis in an Ifnar1−/− mouse. Anti-ZIKV activity of castanospermine (CST) In vivo and in vitro. CST reduces ZIKV induced inflammation of brain. CST delays the ZIKV induced seizure and improves neuronal disorders such as motor function. CST gives marginal improvement in survivability in Ifnar1−/− mice.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cipollo JF, Parsons LM. Glycomics and glycoproteomics of viruses: Mass spectrometry applications and insights toward structure-function relationships. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:371-409. [PMID: 32350911 PMCID: PMC7318305 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of viral glycomics has paralleled that of the mass spectrometry glycomics toolbox. In some regard the glycoproteins studied have provided the impetus for this advancement. Viral proteins are often highly glycosylated, especially those targeted by the host immune system. Glycosylation tends to be dynamic over time as viruses propagate in host populations leading to increased number of and/or "movement" of glycosylation sites in response to the immune system and other pressures. This relationship can lead to highly glycosylated, difficult to analyze glycoproteins that challenge the capabilities of modern mass spectrometry. In this review, we briefly discuss five general areas where glycosylation is important in the viral niche and how mass spectrometry has been used to reveal key information regarding structure-function relationships between viral glycoproteins and host cells. We describe the recent past and current glycomics toolbox used in these analyses and give examples of how the requirement to analyze these complex glycoproteins has provided the incentive for some advances seen in glycomics mass spectrometry. A general overview of viral glycomics, special cases, mass spectrometry methods and work-flows, informatics and complementary chemical techniques currently used are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cipollo
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
| | - Lisa M. Parsons
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
O’Keefe S, Roebuck QP, Nakagome I, Hirono S, Kato A, Nash R, High S. Characterizing the selectivity of ER α-glucosidase inhibitors. Glycobiology 2019; 29:530-542. [PMID: 30976784 PMCID: PMC6583763 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains both α-glucosidases and α-mannosidases which process the N-linked oligosaccharides of newly synthesized glycoproteins and thereby facilitate polypeptide folding and glycoprotein quality control. By acting as structural mimetics, iminosugars can selectively inhibit these ER localized α-glycosidases, preventing N-glycan trimming and providing a molecular basis for their therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigate the effects of a panel of nine iminosugars on the actions of ER luminal α-glucosidase I and α-glucosidase II. Using ER microsomes to recapitulate authentic protein N-glycosylation and oligosaccharide processing, we identify five iminosugars that selectively inhibit N-glycan trimming. Comparison of their inhibitory activities in ER microsomes against their effects on purified ER α-glucosidase II, suggests that 3,7a-diepi-alexine acts as a selective inhibitor of ER α-glucosidase I. The other active iminosugars all inhibit α-glucosidase II and, having identified 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (DAB) as the most effective of these compounds, we use in silico modeling to understand the molecular basis for this enhanced activity. Taken together, our work identifies the C-3 substituted pyrrolizidines casuarine and 3,7a-diepi-alexine as promising "second-generation" iminosugar inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O’Keefe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Quentin P Roebuck
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Izumi Nakagome
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirono
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Robert Nash
- PhytoQuest Ltd, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Stephen High
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang WY, Ravindar L, Rakesh KP, Manukumar HM, Shantharam CS, Alharbi NS, Qin HL. Synthetic approaches and pharmaceutical applications of chloro-containing molecules for drug discovery: A critical review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:117-153. [PMID: 30995567 PMCID: PMC7111421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At present more than 250 FDA approved chlorine containing drugs were available in the market and many pharmaceutically important drug candidates in pre-clinical trials. Thus, it is quite obvious to expect that in coming decades there will be an even greater number of new chlorine-containing pharmaceuticals in market. Chlorinated compounds represent the family of compounds promising for use in medicinal chemistry. This review describes the recent advances in the synthesis of chlorine containing heterocyclic compounds as diverse biological agents and drugs in the pharmaceutical industries for the inspiration of the discovery and development of more potent and effective chlorinated drugs against numerous death-causing diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - L Ravindar
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - K P Rakesh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - H M Manukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - C S Shantharam
- Department of Chemistry, Pooja Bhagavath Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, Mysuru, 570016, Karnataka, India
| | - Njud S Alharbi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Verma AK, Dubbu S, Chennaiah A, Vankar YD. Synthesis of di- and trihydroxy proline derivatives from D-glycals: Application in the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrolizidines and bioactive 1C-aryl/alkyl pyrrolidines. Carbohydr Res 2019; 475:48-55. [PMID: 30825721 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Six different types of O-benzyl protected proline derivatives have been synthesized from D-glycals and 2C-formyl-glycals. One of the di-O-benzyl protected proline derivatives has been utilized for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrolizidines via [3 + 2] cycloaddition in a stereoselective manner. Further, we also report on the stereoselective synthesis of biologically active 1C-aryl/alkyl pyrrolidines i.e. 4-epi-radicamine B, 4-epi-radicamine A, 1C-butyl and 1C-methyl pyrrolidines through double reductive amination of a variety of D-glucal derived diketones with p-methoxybenzylamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Sateesh Dubbu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Ande Chennaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Yashwant D Vankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mechanisms of Antiviral Activity of Iminosugars Against Dengue Virus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:277-301. [PMID: 29845540 PMCID: PMC7121742 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral mechanism of action of iminosugars against many enveloped viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), HIV, influenza and hepatitis C virus, is believed to be mediated by inducing misfolding of viral N-linked glycoproteins through inhibition of host endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidase enzymes. This leads to reduced secretion and/or infectivity of virions and hence lower viral titres, both in vitro and in vivo. Free oligosaccharide analysis from iminosugar-treated cells shows that antiviral activity correlates with production of mono- and tri-glucosylated sugars, indicative of inhibition of ER α-glucosidases. We demonstrate that glucose-mimicking iminosugars inhibit isolated glycoprotein and glycolipid processing enzymes and that this inhibition also occurs in primary cells treated with these drugs. Galactose-mimicking iminosugars that have been tested do not inhibit glycoprotein processing but do inhibit glycolipid processing, and are not antiviral against DENV. By comparison, the antiviral activity of glucose-mimetic iminosugars that inhibit endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidases, but not glycolipid processing, demonstrates that inhibition of α-glucosidases is responsible for iminosugar antiviral activity against DENV. This monograph will review the investigations of many researchers into the mechanisms of action of iminosugars and the contribution of our current understanding of these mechanisms for optimising clinical delivery of iminosugars. The effects of iminosugars on enzymes other than glucosidases, the induction of ER stress and viral receptors will be also put into context. Data suggest that inhibition of α-glucosidases results in inhibited release of virus and is the primary antiviral mechanism of action of iminosugars against DENV.
Collapse
|
13
|
Onda M, Hakamata W. Antiviral Activity and Mechanism of Action of Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucosidase Inhibitors: A Mini Review. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1753.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Onda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Wataru Hakamata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kazmi M, Zaib S, Ibrar A, Amjad ST, Shafique Z, Mehsud S, Saeed A, Iqbal J, Khan I. A new entry into the portfolio of α-glucosidase inhibitors as potent therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: Design, bioevaluation and one-pot multi-component synthesis of diamine-bridged coumarinyl oxadiazole conjugates. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:190-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
15
|
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is known to interact with multiple host cellular proteins during its replication in the target cell. While many of these host cellular proteins facilitate viral replication, a number of them are reported to inhibit HIV-1 replication at various stages of its life cycle. These host cellular proteins, which are known as restriction factors, constitute an integral part of the host's first line of defence against the viral pathogen. Since the discovery of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme 3G (APOBEC3G) as an HIV-1 restriction factor, several human proteins have been identified that exhibit anti-HIV-1 restriction. While each restriction factor employs a distinct mechanism of inhibition, the HIV-1 virus has equally evolved complex counter strategies to neutralize their inhibitory effect. APOBEC3G, tetherin, sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain 1 (SAMHD1), and trim-5α are some of the best known HIV-1 restriction factors that have been studied in great detail. Recently, six novel restriction factors were discovered that exhibit significant antiviral activity: endoplasmic reticulum α1,2-mannosidase I (ERManI), translocator protein (TSPO), guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5), serine incorporator (SERINC3/5) and zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP). The focus of this review is to discuss the antiviral mechanism of action of these six restriction factors and provide insights into the probable counter-evasion strategies employed by the HIV-1 virus. The recent discovery of new restriction factors substantiates the complex host-pathogen interactions occurring during HIV-1 pathogenesis and makes it imperative that further investigations are conducted to elucidate the molecular basis of HIV-1 replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibya Ghimire
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Madhu Rai
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ibrar A, Zaib S, Khan I, Shafique Z, Saeed A, Iqbal J. New prospects for the development of selective inhibitors of α -glucosidase based on coumarin-iminothiazolidinone hybrids: Synthesis, in-vitro biological screening and molecular docking analysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Kazmi M, Zaib S, Amjad ST, Khan I, Ibrar A, Saeed A, Iqbal J. Exploration of aroyl/heteroaroyl iminothiazolines featuring 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl moiety as a new class of potent, selective, and in vitro efficacious glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:134-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
18
|
Kaur N, Chen W, Zheng Y, Hasegawa DK, Ling KS, Fei Z, Wintermantel WM. Transcriptome analysis of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 during feeding on tomato infected with the crinivirus, Tomato chlorosis virus, identifies a temporal shift in gene expression and differential regulation of novel orphan genes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:370. [PMID: 28494755 PMCID: PMC5426028 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whiteflies threaten agricultural crop production worldwide, are polyphagous in nature, and transmit hundreds of plant viruses. Little is known how whitefly gene expression is altered due to feeding on plants infected with a semipersistently transmitted virus. Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV; genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in a semipersistent manner and infects several globally important agricultural and ornamental crops, including tomato. RESULTS To determine changes in global gene regulation in whiteflies after feeding on tomato plants infected with a crinivirus (ToCV), comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed using RNA-Seq on whitefly (Bemisia tabaci MEAM1) populations after 24, 48, and 72 h acquisition access periods on either ToCV-infected or uninfected tomatoes. Significant differences in gene expression were detected between whiteflies fed on ToCV-infected tomato and those fed on uninfected tomato among the three feeding time periods: 447 up-regulated and 542 down-regulated at 24 h, 4 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated at 48 h, and 50 up-regulated and 160 down-regulated at 72 h. Analysis revealed differential regulation of genes associated with metabolic pathways, signal transduction, transport and catabolism, receptors, glucose transporters, α-glucosidases, and the uric acid pathway in whiteflies fed on ToCV-infected tomatoes, as well as an abundance of differentially regulated novel orphan genes. Results demonstrate for the first time, a specific and temporally regulated response by the whitefly to feeding on a host plant infected with a semipersistently transmitted virus, and advance the understanding of the whitefly vector-virus interactions that facilitate virus transmission. CONCLUSION Whitefly transmission of semipersistent viruses is believed to require specific interactions between the virus and its vector that allow binding of virus particles to factors within whitefly mouthparts. Results provide a broader understanding of the potential mechanism of crinivirus transmission by whitefly, aid in discerning genes or loci in whitefly that influence virus interactions or transmission, and subsequently facilitate development of novel, genetics-based control methods against whitefly and whitefly-transmitted viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905 USA
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-1801 USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-1801 USA
| | - Daniel K. Hasegawa
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA
| | - Kai-Shu Ling
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-1801 USA
| | - William M. Wintermantel
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Palanivel A, Dharuman S, Vankar YD. Synthesis of analogues of hyacinthacines, casuarine and uniflorine A from C-2 formyl galactal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
20
|
Kaur N, Hasegawa DK, Ling KS, Wintermantel WM. Application of Genomics for Understanding Plant Virus-Insect Vector Interactions and Insect Vector Control. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:1213-1222. [PMID: 27442532 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-16-0111-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between plant viruses and their vectors have evolved over the millennia, and yet, studies on viruses began <150 years ago and investigations into the virus and vector interactions even more recently. The advent of next generation sequencing, including rapid genome and transcriptome analysis, methods for evaluation of small RNAs, and the related disciplines of proteomics and metabolomics offer a significant shift in the ability to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in virus infection and transmission by insect vectors. Genomic technologies offer an unprecedented opportunity to examine the response of insect vectors to the presence of ingested viruses through gene expression changes and altered biochemical pathways. This review focuses on the interactions between viruses and their whitefly or thrips vectors and on potential applications of genomics-driven control of the insect vectors. Recent studies have evaluated gene expression in vectors during feeding on plants infected with begomoviruses, criniviruses, and tospoviruses, which exhibit very different types of virus-vector interactions. These studies demonstrate the advantages of genomics and the potential complementary studies that rapidly advance our understanding of the biology of virus transmission by insect vectors and offer additional opportunities to design novel genetic strategies to manage insect vectors and the viruses they transmit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- First and fourth authors: USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Salinas, CA 93905; second author: USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414; Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and third author: USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - Daniel K Hasegawa
- First and fourth authors: USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Salinas, CA 93905; second author: USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414; Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and third author: USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - Kai-Shu Ling
- First and fourth authors: USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Salinas, CA 93905; second author: USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414; Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and third author: USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - William M Wintermantel
- First and fourth authors: USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Salinas, CA 93905; second author: USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414; Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and third author: USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khan KM, Qurban S, Salar U, Taha M, Hussain S, Perveen S, Hameed A, Ismail NH, Riaz M, Wadood A. Synthesis, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and molecular docking studies of new thiazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:245-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
22
|
Srinivasan B, Zhou H, Mitra S, Skolnick J. Novel small molecule binders of human N-glycanase 1, a key player in the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4750-4758. [PMID: 27567076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptide:N-glycanase (NGLY1) is an enzyme responsible for cleaving oligosaccharide moieties from misfolded glycoproteins to enable their proper degradation. Deletion and truncation mutations in this gene are responsible for an inherited disorder of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. However, the literature is unclear whether the disorder is a result of mutations leading to loss-of-function, loss of substrate specificity, loss of protein stability or a combination of these factors. In this communication, without burdening ourselves with the mechanistic underpinning of disease causation because of mutations on the NGLY1 protein, we demonstrate the successful application of virtual ligand screening (VLS) combined with experimental high-throughput validation to the discovery of novel small-molecules that show binding to the transglutaminase domain of NGLY1. Attempts at recombinant expression and purification of six different constructs led to successful expression of five, with three constructs purified to homogeneity. Most mutant variants failed to purify possibly because of misfolding and the resultant exposure of surface hydrophobicity that led to protein aggregation. For the purified constructs, our threading/structure-based VLS algorithm, FINDSITE(comb), was employed to predict ligands that may bind to the protein. Then, the predictions were assessed by high-throughput differential scanning fluorimetry. This led to the identification of nine different ligands that bind to the protein of interest and provide clues to the nature of pharmacophore that facilitates binding. This is the first study that has identified novel ligands that bind to the NGLY1 protein as a possible starting point in the discovery of ligands with potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of the disorder caused by NGLY1 mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Srinivasan
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950, Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950, Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Sreyoshi Mitra
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950, Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Jeffrey Skolnick
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950, Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Taylor DL, Brennan TM, Bridges CG, Kang MS, Tyms AS. Synergistic Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in vitro by 6-0-butanoylcastanospermine (MDL 28574) in Combination with Inhibitors of the Virus-Encoded Reverse Transcriptase and Proteinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029500600303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity of the α-glucosidase 1 inhibitor 6-0-butanoylcastanospermine (MDL 28574) was assessed in combination with the 2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside analogues zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddl) and zalcitabine (ddC). MDL 28574 was also evaluated in combination with the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor nevirapine and the HIV proteinase inhibitor saquinavir (Ro-31-8959). Drug interactions were examined by the isobologram technique and by calculating combination indices (C.l.s). In all cases synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 replication was observed. In three-drug combinations, a marked synergistic antiviral effect was also observed, with C.I. values in the range 0.35-0.44 for MDL 28574 in combination with AZT and nevirapine, and in the range 0.34-0.67 for MDL 28574 in combination with AZT and saquinavir. Moreover, the combination of MDL 28574 with other drugs did not produce detrimental effects on cell division. MDL 28574 is currently in clinical trials and may have an important role in combination chemotherapy for HIV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Taylor
- MRC Collaborative Centre, 1-3 Burtonhole Lane, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AD, UK
| | - T. M. Brennan
- MRC Collaborative Centre, 1-3 Burtonhole Lane, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AD, UK
| | - C. G. Bridges
- MRC Collaborative Centre, 1-3 Burtonhole Lane, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AD, UK
| | - M. S. Kang
- Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - A. S. Tyms
- MRC Collaborative Centre, 1-3 Burtonhole Lane, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Taylor DL, Nash R, Fellows LE, Kang MS, Tyms AS. Naturally Occurring Pyrrolizidines: Inhibition of α-Glucosidase 1 and Anti-HIV Activity of One Stereoisomer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029200300504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alexine, a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid, isolated from Alexa leiopetala, and four stereoisomers, isolated from Castanospermum australe, were investigated for inhibitory activity against the growth of HIV-1. Only treatment with the 7,7a-diepialexine restricted virus growth (IC50 0.38 mm) although it was less active than the indolizidine alkaloid castanospermine (IC50 0.02 mm). The antiviral effects of 7,7a-diepialexine, like castanospermine, correlated with the inhibitory activity against purified pig kidney α-glucosidase 1 of the glycoprotein processing enzymes and the reduced cleavage of the precursor HIV-1 glycoprotein gp160.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Taylor
- MRC Collaborative Centre, 1-3 Burtonhole Lane, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AD, UK
| | - R. Nash
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | | | - M. S. Kang
- Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A. S. Tyms
- MRC Collaborative Centre, 1-3 Burtonhole Lane, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Holmes HC, Mahmood N, Karpas A, Petrik J, Kinchington D, O'Connor T, Jeffries DJ, Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Pauwels R, Hay A. Screening of Compounds for Activity against HIV: A Collaborative Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029100200503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The collaborative study was undertaken to examine the sensitivity of a range of tests used in assessing the antiviral activities of compounds against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A panel of 20 compounds with diverse antiviral activities against HIV were tested under code at three antiviral testing centres supported by the Medical Research Council's AIDS Directed Programme and at the European Community Centralised Facility (ECCF) for New Antiviral Compounds against AIDS in Belgium. Compounds known to have major anti-HIV activity ranked high in all assays, with the exception of the glucosidase inhibitors and certain nucleoside analogues. Results of two assays based on MT4 cells (centre IV) showed a high degree of similarity, despite the use of distinct HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIB) and HIV-2 (ROD) viruses. Considerable similarity was also observed between the assays based on HTLV-IIIRF in C8166 cells (centres I and II). Other assays performed at centre II and at centre III had enhanced sensitivity for glycosidase inhibitors. The differences in anti-HIV activity that were observed may be attributable to specific properties of the cell lines used and particular testing methodologies. The use of more than one type of assay is advisable in order not to miss compounds with low to moderate activity against HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. C. Holmes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for AIDS, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, UK
| | - N. Mahmood
- MRC Collaborative Centre, Burtonhole Lane, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AD, UK
| | - A. Karpas
- Department of Haematology, Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QL, UK
| | - J. Petrik
- Department of Haematology, Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QL, UK
| | - D. Kinchington
- Department of Virology, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - T. O'Connor
- Department of Virology, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - D. J. Jeffries
- Department of Virology, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - J. Desmyter
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universität Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universität Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - R. Pauwels
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universität Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. Hay
- National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schols D, Pauwels R, Witvrouw M, Desmyter J, De Clercq E. Differential Activity of Polyanionic Compounds and Castanospermine against HIV Replication and HIV-Induced Syncytium Formation Depending on Virus Strain and Cell Type. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029200300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyanionic compounds [i.e. pentosan polysulphate, dextran sulphate, heparin, suramin, and aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA)] and castanospermine were examined for their inhibitory effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains (HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1RF, HIV-2ROD and HIV-2EHO) in two different assays (HIV cytopathicity in MT-4 cells and HIV antigen expression in CEM cells). In the MT-4 assay dextran sulphate and pentosan polysulphate were more active against HIV-2ROD, suramin was more active against HIV-1RF, and ATA more active against HIV-2EHO-Heparin was less, but castanospermine was more, active against the two HIV-2 strains. In the CEM assay dextran sulphate and suramin were equally active against all HIV strains, pentosan polysulphate was more active against both HIV-2 strains, whereas heparin was less active against HIV-2ROD and ATA again was more active against HIV-2EHO. The compounds and soluble CD4 (sCD4) were also tested in the HIV-induced syncytium formation assay, where chronically infected HUT-78 cells were mixed with uninfected MOLT-4 or CEM cells. The inhibitory effect of suramin and ATA on syncytium formation was independent of the virus strain or cell type. For dextran sulphate and pentosan polysulphate, it was dependent on virus strain, and for heparin, castanospermine, and sCD4, it was dependent on both the virus strain and cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - R. Pauwels
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Witvrouw
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Desmyter
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hollingshead MG, Westbrook L, Toyer BJ, Allen LB. Failure of Castanospermine to Reduce Spleen or Serum Virus Titres in Rauscher Murine Leukaemia Virus-Infected Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029100200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of orally administered castanospermine (CS) and azidothymidine (AZT) on spleen and serum virus titres and on spleen weights of mice inoculated with Rauscher murine leukaemia virus (R MuLV) were evaluated. Virus titres of samples from CS-treated mice did not differ appreciably from saline-treated mice, despite a significant inhibition of splenomegaly. In contrast, AZT treatment resulted in significant inhibition of splenomegaly and a reduction of virus titres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Hollingshead
- Southern Research Institute, Virology Division B, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AI 35255, USA
| | - L. Westbrook
- Southern Research Institute, Virology Division B, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AI 35255, USA
| | - B. J. Toyer
- Southern Research Institute, Virology Division B, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AI 35255, USA
| | - L. B. Allen
- Southern Research Institute, Virology Division B, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AI 35255, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Processing, fusogenicity, virion incorporation and CXCR4-binding activity of a feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein lacking the two conserved N-glycosylation sites at the C-terminus of the V3 domain. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1761-8. [PMID: 27020572 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) entry into its target cells is initiated by the association of the surface (SU) subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) with the cellular receptors CD134 and CXCR4. This event is followed by the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes, which is mediated by the transmembrane (TM) subunit of Env. We and others have previously demonstrated that the V3 domain of the SU subunit of Env is essential for CXCR4 binding. Of note, there are two contiguous and highly conserved potential N-glycosylation sites ((418)NST(420) and (422)NLT(424)) located at the C-terminal side of the V3 domain. We therefore decided to study the relevance for Env functions of these N-glycosylation motifs and found that disruption of both of them by introducing the N418Q/N422Q double amino acid substitution drastically impairs Env processing into the SU and TM subunits. Moreover, the simultaneous mutation of these N-glycosylation sites prevents Env incorporation into virions and Env-mediated cell-to-cell fusion. Notably, a recombinant soluble version of the SU glycoprotein carrying the double amino acid replacement N418Q/N422Q at the V3 C-terminal side binds to CXCR4 with an efficiency similar to that of wild-type SU.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gajare VS, Khobare SR, Datrika R, Reddy KS, Rajana N, Babu BK, Rao BV, Syam Kumar U. A concise stereoselective synthesis of (+)-1-deoxy-6-epi-castanospermine. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies of biscoumarin thiourea as a new inhibitor of α-glucosidases. Bioorg Chem 2015; 63:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
31
|
Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies of thiazole derivatives as new inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Bioorg Chem 2015; 62:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Isatin based Schiff bases as inhibitors of α-glucosidase: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2015; 60:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
Petakamsetty R, Jain VK, Majhi PK, Ramapanicker R. Divergent synthesis of various iminocyclitols from d-ribose. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8512-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01042j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A very efficient route to the diastereoselective synthesis of polyhydroxy pyrrolidines, piperidines and azepanes from an aldehyde derivative of ribose is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Petakamsetty
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Vipin Kumar Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Majhi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Ramesh Ramapanicker
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur
- India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tiwari DK, Bharadwaj KC, Puranik VG, Tiwari DK. Divergent total synthesis of 1,6,8a-tri-epi-castanospermine and 1-deoxy-6,8a-di-epi-castanospermine from substituted azetidin-2-one (β-lactam), involving a cascade sequence of reactions as a key step. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7389-96. [PMID: 25134486 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00948g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A divergent, short, and novel total synthesis of 1,6,8a-tri-epi-castanospermine (7) and 1-deoxy-6,8a-di-epi-castanospermine (8) has been developed via a common precursor, 15, obtained from D-mannitol derived β-lactam. The key step involves a one pot cascade sequence of trimethyl sulfoxonium ylide based cyclization of epoxy sulfonamide 14via epoxide ring opening, one carbon homologation followed by intramolecular cyclization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Heisler J, Elvir L, Barnouti F, Charles E, Wolkow TD, Pyati R. Morphological Effects of Natural Products on Schizosaccharomyces pombe Measured by Imaging Flow Cytometry. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:27-35. [PMID: 24660134 PMCID: PMC3956978 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gaining a full understanding of the mechanisms of action of natural products as therapeutic agents includes observing the effects of natural products on cellular morphology, because abnormal cellular morphology is an important aspect of cellular transformations that occur as part of disease states. In this study a set of natural products was examined in search of small molecules that influence the cylindrical morphology of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Imaging flow cytometry of large populations of S. pombe exposed to natural products captured cell images and revealed changes in mean length and aspect ratio of cells. Several natural products were found to alter S. pombe's morphology relative to control, in terms of elongating cells, shrinking them, or making them more round. These results may facilitate future investigations into methods by which cells establish and maintain specific shapes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Gaining a full understanding of the mechanisms of action of natural products as therapeutic agents includes observing the effects of natural products on cellular morphology, because abnormal cellular morphology is an important aspect of cellular transformations that occur as part of disease states. In this study a set of natural products was examined in search of small molecules that influence the cylindrical morphology of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Imaging flow cytometry of large populations of S. pombe exposed to natural products captured cell images and revealed changes in mean length and aspect ratio of cells. Several natural products were found to alter S. pombe's morphology relative to control, in terms of elongating cells, shrinking them, or making them more round. These results may facilitate future investigations into methods by which cells establish and maintain specific shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Heisler
- University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | | | | | | | - Tom D. Wolkow
- University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO USA
| | - Radha Pyati
- University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Du-a-man S, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Tuchinda P, Reutrakul V, Pohmakotr M. Synthesis of (+)-Lentiginosine and Its Pyrrolizidine Analogue Based on Intramolecular Cyclization of α-Sulfinyl Carbanions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
37
|
van den Kerkhof TLGM, Feenstra KA, Euler Z, van Gils MJ, Rijsdijk LWE, Boeser-Nunnink BD, Heringa J, Schuitemaker H, Sanders RW. HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein signatures that correlate with the development of cross-reactive neutralizing activity. Retrovirology 2013; 10:102. [PMID: 24059682 PMCID: PMC3849187 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) vaccines are unable to induce cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. However, such antibodies are elicited in 10-30% of HIV-1 infected individuals, but it is unknown why these antibodies are induced in some individuals and not in others. We hypothesized that the Envs of early HIV-1 variants in individuals who develop cross-reactive neutralizing activity (CrNA) might have unique characteristics that support the induction of CrNA. RESULTS We retrospectively generated and analyzed env sequences of early HIV-1 clonal variants from 31 individuals with diverse levels of CrNA 2-4 years post-seroconversion. These sequences revealed a number of Env signatures that coincided with CrNA development. These included a statistically shorter variable region 1 and a lower probability of glycosylation as implied by a high ratio of NXS versus NXT glycosylation motifs. Furthermore, lower probability of glycosylation at position 332, which is involved in the epitopes of many broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies, was associated with the induction of CrNA. Finally, Sequence Harmony identified a number of amino acid changes associated with the development of CrNA. These residues mapped to various Env subdomains, but in particular to the first and fourth variable region as well as the underlying α2 helix of the third constant region. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that the development of CrNA might depend on specific characteristics of early Env. Env signatures that correlate with the induction of CrNA might be relevant for the design of effective HIV-1 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom L G M van den Kerkhof
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Anton Feenstra
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics VU (IBIVU) and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicine and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Center (NBIC), 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Zelda Euler
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W E Rijsdijk
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics VU (IBIVU) and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicine and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brigitte D Boeser-Nunnink
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Heringa
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics VU (IBIVU) and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicine and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Center (NBIC), 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Crucell Holland BV, 2333 CN Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ansari AA, Vankar YD. Synthesis of Dihydroxymethyl Dihydroxypyrrolidines and Steviamine Analogues from C-2 Formyl Glycals. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9383-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401613v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alafia A. Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Julien JP, Lee PS, Wilson IA. Structural insights into key sites of vulnerability on HIV-1 Env and influenza HA. Immunol Rev 2013; 250:180-98. [PMID: 23046130 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein (Env) and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) are the surface glycoproteins responsible for viral entry into host cells, the first step in the virus life cycle necessary to initiate infection. These glycoproteins exhibit a high degree of sequence variability and glycosylation, which are used as strategies to escape host immune responses. Nonetheless, antibodies with broadly neutralizing activity against these viruses have been isolated that have managed to overcome these barriers. Here, we review recent advances in the structural characterization of these antibodies with their viral antigens that defines a few sites of vulnerability on these viral spikes. These broadly neutralizing antibodies tend to focus their recognition on the sites of similar function between the two viruses: the receptor-binding site and membrane fusion machinery. However, some sites of recognition are unique to the virus neutralized, such as the dense shield of oligomannose carbohydrates on HIV-1 Env. These observations are discussed in the context of structure-based design strategies to aid in vaccine design or development of antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Julien
- Department of Molecular Biology, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Blumenthal R, Durell S, Viard M. HIV entry and envelope glycoprotein-mediated fusion. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40841-9. [PMID: 23043104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.406272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV entry involves binding of the trimeric viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120/gp41 to cell surface receptors, which triggers conformational changes in Env that drive the membrane fusion reaction. The conformational landscape that the lipids and Env navigate en route to fusion has been examined by biophysical measurements on the microscale, whereas electron tomography, x-rays, and NMR have provided insights into the process on the nanoscale and atomic scale. However, the coupling between the lipid and protein pathways that give rise to fusion has not been resolved. Here, we discuss the known and unknown about the overall HIV Env-mediated fusion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blumenthal
- Nanobiology Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Anti-retroviral strategies for AIDS and related diseases. Can J Infect Dis 2012; 2:121-8. [PMID: 22529721 DOI: 10.1155/1991/487657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/1990] [Accepted: 01/12/1991] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other retroviruses consists of four stages: attachment of the virus to specific receptors on the cell surface; uncoating of the viral nucleic acid and conversion to DNA; production of viral RNA and proteins; and assembly and liberation of progeny virus from the cell. Each of these steps represents a potential target for antiviral chemotherapy. Combinations of drugs which act against different steps in the viral replication cycle might be expected to have synergistic potential. Zidovudine (AZT) is the most widely used drug to date for impeding the replication of HIV-1. Although AZT therapy has been reasonably successful, it has not been free from toxicity. In addition, there have been several reports of isolation of AZT-resistant variants of HIV-1.
Collapse
|
42
|
Fangchinoline inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by interfering with gp160 proteolytic processing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39225. [PMID: 22720080 PMCID: PMC3374765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to a significant reduction in the morbidity and mortality of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. However, the emergence of drug resistance has resulted in the failure of treatments in large numbers of patients and thus necessitates the development of new classes of anti-HIV drugs. In this study, more than 200 plant-derived small-molecule compounds were evaluated in a cell-based HIV-1 antiviral screen, resulting in the identification of a novel HIV-1 inhibitor (fangchinoline). Fangchinoline, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Radix Stephaniae tetrandrae, exhibited antiviral activity against HIV-1 laboratory strains NL4-3, LAI and BaL in MT-4 and PM1 cells with a 50% effective concentration ranging from 0.8 to 1.7 µM. Mechanism-of-action studies showed that fangchinoline did not exhibit measurable antiviral activity in TZM-b1 cells but did inhibit the production of infectious virions in HIV-1 cDNA transfected 293T cells, which suggests that the compound targets a late event in infection cycle. Furthermore, the antiviral effect of fangchinoline seems to be HIV-1 enve1ope-dependent, as the production of infectious HIV-1 particles packaged with a heterologous envelope, the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein, was unaffected by fangchinoline. Western blot analysis of HIV envelope proteins expressed in transfected 293T cells and in isolated virions showed that fangchinoline inhibited HIV-1 gp160 processing, resulting in reduced envelope glycoprotein incorporation into nascent virions. Collectively, our results demonstrate that fangchinoline inhibits HIV-1 replication by interfering with gp160 proteolytic processing. Fangchinoline may serve as a starting point for developing a new HIV-1 therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
43
|
Cellular and viral mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission mediated by dendritic cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 762:109-30. [PMID: 22975873 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the initial infection and cell-to-cell transmission events that occur upon HIV-1 infection. DCs interact closely with CD4(+) T cells, the main target of HIV-1 replication. HIV-1 challenged DCs and target CD4(+) T cells form a virological synapse that allows highly efficient transmission of HIV-1 to the target CD4(+) T cells, in the absence of productive HIV-1 replication in the DCs. Immature and subsets of mature DCs show distinct patterns of HIV-1 replication and cell-to-cell transmission, depending upon the maturation stimulus that is used. The cellular and viral mechanisms that promote formation of the virological synapse have been the subject of intense study and the most recent progress is discussed here. Characterizing the cellular and viral factors that affect DC-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 to CD4(+) T cells is vitally important to understanding, and potentially blocking, the initial dissemination of HIV-1 in vivo.
Collapse
|
44
|
Tao J, Yang J, Chen C, Cao X, Zhao S, Ben K. Evaluation of Cynanchum otophyllum glucan sulfate against human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus as a microbicide agent. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:536-40. [PMID: 22021996 PMCID: PMC3195123 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.84967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The root of Cynanchum otophyllum-also known as Qing Yang Sheng-is a traditional ethnical Chinese medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro activities and safety of C. otophyllum glucan sulfate (PS20) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-HIV activity was detected with syncytial formation assay and quantitative P24 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Anti-HSV activity was detected with plaque reduction assay; cytotoxicity was tested with MTT colorimetric assay; and anti-bacterial activity was tested with microdilution method. Anti-HIV mechanism was investigated with fusion inhibition, time of addition, and pretreatment. RESULTS The 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC(50)) of PS20 for HIV-1(IIIB), HIV-(Ada-M), HIV-1(Bal), HSV-I, and -II were 0.26 ± 0.02 mM, 0.46 ± 0.02 mM, 0.90 ± 0.04 mM, 3.45 ± 0.85 μM, and 0.70 ± 0.22 mM, respectively. Selectivity Indices (SI) were 653, 50, 39, 85, and 362, respectively. Studies on anti-HIV mechanism of PS20 showed that the target molecule should be the envelope protein. The 50% Cytotoxicity Concentrations (CC(50)) of PS20 for HeLa and ME-180 cell lines and human foreskin fibroblast cells was more than 70 μM. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for vaginal lactobacilli was more than 1000 μM. CONCLUSION PS20 possesses anti-HIV and HSV effect and low cytotoxicity to epithelium cells and vaginal lactobacilli. It may be considered as a potential microbicide agent for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Kunming University, Yunnan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
van Montfort T, Eggink D, Boot M, Tuen M, Hioe CE, Berkhout B, Sanders RW. HIV-1 N-glycan composition governs a balance between dendritic cell-mediated viral transmission and antigen presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4676-85. [PMID: 21957147 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The natural function of dendritic cells (DCs) is to capture and degrade pathogens for Ag presentation. However, HIV-1 can evade viral degradation by DCs and hijack DCs for migration to susceptible CD4(+) T lymphocytes. It is unknown what factors decide whether a virus is degraded or transmitted to T cells. The interaction of DCs with HIV-1 involves C-type lectin receptors, such as DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin, which bind to the envelope glycoprotein complex (Env), which is decorated heavily with N-linked glycans. We hypothesized that the saccharide composition of the Env N-glycans is involved in avoiding viral degradation and Ag presentation, as well as preserving infectious virus for the transmission to target cells. Therefore, we studied the fate of normally glycosylated virus versus oligomannose-enriched virus in DCs. Changing the heterogeneous N-linked glycan composition of Env to uniform oligomannose N-glycans increased the affinity of HIV-1 for DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin and enhanced the capture of HIV-1 by immature DCs; however, it decreased the subsequent transmission to target cells. Oligomannose-enriched HIV-1 was directed more efficiently into the endocytic pathway, resulting in enhanced viral degradation and reduced virus transfer to target cells. Furthermore, Env containing exclusively oligomannose N-glycans was presented to Env-specific CD4(+) T cells more efficiently. Taken together, our results showed that the HIV-1 N-glycan composition plays a crucial role in the balance between DC-mediated Ag degradation and presentation and DC-mediated virus transmission to target cells. This finding may have implications for the early events in HIV-1 transmission and the induction of antiviral immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs van Montfort
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dragutan I, Dragutan V, Mitan C, Vosloo HCM, Delaude L, Demonceau A. Metathesis access to monocyclic iminocyclitol-based therapeutic agents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:699-716. [PMID: 21804866 PMCID: PMC3135129 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By focusing on recent developments on natural and non-natural azasugars (iminocyclitols), this review bolsters the case for the role of olefin metathesis reactions (RCM, CM) as key transformations in the multistep syntheses of pyrrolidine-, piperidine- and azepane-based iminocyclitols, as important therapeutic agents against a range of common diseases and as tools for studying metabolic disorders. Considerable improvements brought about by introduction of one or more metathesis steps are outlined, with emphasis on the exquisite steric control and atom-economical outcome of the overall process. The comparative performance of several established metathesis catalysts is also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Dragutan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei, P.O. Box 35-108, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Valerian Dragutan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei, P.O. Box 35-108, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Carmen Mitan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei, P.O. Box 35-108, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Hermanus CM Vosloo
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry (B6a), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Albert Demonceau
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry (B6a), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kamal A, Vangala SR. An expedient total synthesis of optically active piperidine and indolizidine alkaloids (−)-β-conhydrine and (−)-lentiginosine. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
48
|
Adisakwattana S, Ngamrojanavanich N, Kalampakorn K, Tiravanit W, Roengsumran S, Yibchok-Anun S. Inhibitory Activity of Cyanidin-3-rutinoside on α-Glucosidase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 19:313-6. [PMID: 15558946 DOI: 10.1080/14756360409162443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-rutinoside, a natural anthocyanin, inhibited alpha-glucosidase from baker's yeast in dose-responsive manner. The IC50 value was 19.7 microM +/- 0.24 microM, compared with the IC50 value of voglibose (IC50 = 23.4 +/- 0.30 microM). Cyanidin-3-rutinoside was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor for yeast alpha-glucosidase with a Ki value in the range of 1.31-1.56 x 10(-5)M. These results indicated that cyanidin-3-rutinoside could be classed as a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Horne G, Wilson FX. Therapeutic Applications of Iminosugars: Current Perspectives and Future Opportunities. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011; 50:135-76. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381290-2.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
50
|
Marston A. Thin-layer chromatography with biological detection in phytochemistry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:2676-83. [PMID: 21236438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioautography on thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) plates is a means of detecting the biological activity of a sample which has migrated on the plate with a suitable solvent. It only requires small amounts of sample and is ideal for the investigation of plant constituents, which often occur as complex mixtures. It can be used for the target-directed isolation of these constituents. In contrast to HPLC, many samples can be run at the same time on TLC. Organic solvents, which cause inactivation of enzymes or death of living organisms, can be completely removed before biological detection. Many bioassays are compatible with TLC. Antimicrobial, radical scavenging, antioxidant activities and enzyme inhibition feature among the tests that are employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Marston
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|