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Liu J, Li S, Wang Q, Feng Y, Xing H, Yang X, Guo Y, Guo Y, Sun H, Liu X, Yang S, Mei Z, Zhu Y, Cheng Z, Chen S, Xu M, Zhang W, Wan N, Wang J, Ma Y, Zhang S, Luan X, Xu A, Li L, Wang H, Yang X, Hong Y, Xue H, Yuan X, Hu N, Song X, Wang Z, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y. Sonrotoclax overcomes BCL2 G101V mutation-induced venetoclax resistance in preclinical models of hematologic malignancy. Blood 2024; 143:1825-1836. [PMID: 38211332 PMCID: PMC11076911 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023019706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Venetoclax, the first-generation inhibitor of the apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), disrupts the interaction between BCL2 and proapoptotic proteins, promoting the apoptosis in malignant cells. Venetoclax is the mainstay of therapy for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is under investigation in multiple clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Although venetoclax treatment can result in high rates of durable remission, relapse has been widely observed, indicating the emergence of drug resistance. The G101V mutation in BCL2 is frequently observed in patients who relapsed treated with venetoclax and sufficient to confer resistance to venetoclax by interfering with compound binding. Therefore, the development of next-generation BCL2 inhibitors to overcome drug resistance is urgently needed. In this study, we discovered that sonrotoclax, a potent and selective BCL2 inhibitor, demonstrates stronger cytotoxic activity in various hematologic cancer cells and more profound tumor growth inhibition in multiple hematologic tumor models than venetoclax. Notably, sonrotoclax effectively inhibits venetoclax-resistant BCL2 variants, such as G101V. The crystal structures of wild-type BCL2/BCL2 G101V in complex with sonrotoclax revealed that sonrotoclax adopts a novel binding mode within the P2 pocket of BCL2 and could explain why sonrotoclax maintains stronger potency than venetoclax against the G101V mutant. In summary, sonrotoclax emerges as a potential second-generation BCL2 inhibitor for the treatment of hematologic malignancies with the potential to overcome BCL2 mutation-induced venetoclax resistance. Sonrotoclax is currently under investigation in multiple clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuran Li
- Department of Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingcai Feng
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haimei Xing
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhang Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanzi Sun
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Liu
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shasha Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Cheng
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Translational Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanyan Wan
- Department of Translational Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Luan
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Translational Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Translational Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Department of Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai Wang
- Research and Clinical Development, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Chang Y, Liu J, Jiang Y, Ma A, Yeo YY, Guo Q, McNutt M, Krull J, Rodig SJ, Barouch DH, Nolan G, Xu D, Jiang S, Li Z, Liu B, Ma Q. Graph Fourier transform for spatial omics representation and analyses of complex organs. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3952048. [PMID: 38410424 PMCID: PMC10896409 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3952048/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Spatial omics technologies are capable of deciphering detailed components of complex organs or tissue in cellular and subcellular resolution. A robust, interpretable, and unbiased representation method for spatial omics is necessary to illuminate novel investigations into biological functions, whereas a mathematical theory deficiency still exists. We present SpaGFT (Spatial Graph Fourier Transform), which provides a unique analytical feature representation of spatial omics data and elucidates molecular signatures linked to critical biological processes within tissues and cells. It outperformed existing tools in spatially variable gene prediction and gene expression imputation across human/mouse Visium data. Integrating SpaGFT representation into existing machine learning frameworks can enhance up to 40% accuracy of spatial domain identification, cell type annotation, cell-to-spot alignment, and subcellular hallmark inference. SpaGFT identified immunological regions for B cell maturation in human lymph node Visium data, characterized secondary follicle variations from in-house human tonsil CODEX data, and detected extremely rare subcellular organelles such as Cajal body and Set1/COMPASS. This new method lays the groundwork for a new theoretical model in explainable AI, advancing our understanding of tissue organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jixin Liu
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yao Yu Yeo
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan McNutt
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jordan Krull
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- William Bosworth Castle Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
| | - Garry Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Huang Y, He Z, Zhou H, Wen Y, Ji X, Ding W, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Yang K, Wang Y. The Treatment of Tubal Inflammatory Infertility using Yinjia Tablets through EGFR/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway based on Network Pharmacology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:499-509. [PMID: 38572608 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010234591230919074245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Background: Salpingitis obstructive infertility (SOI) refers to infertility caused by abnormal conditions such as tubal adhesion and blockage caused by acute and chronic salpingitis. SOI has a serious impact on women's physical and mental health and family harmony, and it is a clinical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential pharmacological mechanisms of the Yinjia tablets (Yin Jia Pian, YJP) on tubal inflammation. Methods: Networks of YJP-associated targets and tubal inflammation-related genes were constructed through the STRING database. Potential targets and pathway enrichment analysis related to the therapeutic efficacy of YJP were identified using Cytoscape and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (metascape). E. coli was used to establish a rat model of tubal inflammation and to validate the predictions of network pharmacology and the therapeutic efficacy of YJP. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes in fallopian tubes. TEM observation of the ultrastructure of the fallopian tubes. ELISA was used to detect the changes of IL-6 and TNF-α in fallopian tubes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ESR1. The changes of Bcl-2, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, MEK, p-MEK, EGFR, and p-EGFR were detected by western blot. Results: Through database analysis, it was found that YJP shared 105 identical targets with the disease. Network pharmacology analysis showed that IL-6, TNF, and EGFR belong to the top 5 core proteins associated with salpingitis, and EGFR/MEK/ERK may be the main pathway involved. The E. coli-induced disease rat model of fallopian tube tissue showed damage, mitochondrial disruption, and increased levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. Tubal inflammatory infertility rats have increased expression of Bcl-2, p-ERK1/2, p-MEK, and p-EGFR, and decreased expression of ESR1. In vivo, experiments showed that YJP improved damage of tissue, inhibited shedding of tubal cilia, and suppressed the inflammatory response of the body. Furthermore, YJP inhibited EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling, inhibited the apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and upregulated ESR1. Conclusion: This study revealed that YJP Reducing tubal inflammation and promoting tissue repair may be associated with inhibition of the EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhelin He
- Guang'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guang'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ji
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyu Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang W, Mai H, Xu H, Jing B, Yu C, Li X, Chen D, Huang Y, Shao M, Pan T. 4,8-Dicarboxyl-8,9-iridoid-1-glycoside inhibits apoptosis in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes via enhanced c-MYC-mediated cholesterol metabolism in vitro. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:240. [PMID: 38082328 PMCID: PMC10712063 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease related to cholesterol metabolism disorders. However, current therapies for OA are insufficient and no convincing disease-modifying OA drugs exist. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which borojoa iridoid glycoside (BIG) inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis in OA. METHODS Borojoa pulp was heated to 70 °C, and the main active substance in borojoa, BIG, was extracted by fractionation at an ultraviolet 254-nm absorption peak. Chondrocytes were identified by immunohistochemistry and visualized by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The proliferation of chondrocytes cultured with BIG was determined by MTS assay. The apoptosis of chondrocytes cultured with BIG was tested by Annexin V-FITC/PI, and the cytokine, protein, and cholesterol levels in chondrocytes were detected by ELISA, RT‒qPCR, Western blot, and biochemistry analyses. Protein‒protein interactions were verified by a coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. RESULTS BIG promoted chondrocyte proliferation and reduced apoptosis in vitro. BIG induced an alteration of the total RNA profiles in chondrocytes, and bioinformatic analysis showed that BIG inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis by promoting c-MYC expression; KEGG analysis confirmed that BIG-inhibited apoptosis was enriched in the cell cycle pathway. Flow cell cycle experiments confirmed that BIG promoted chondrocyte proliferation by significantly increasing the S phase cell number. The c-MYC inhibitor 10058-F4 stimulated the increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and AGEs and suppressed the cholesterol metabolism, which promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Co-IP analysis showed that BIG promoted the interaction of c-MYC and CH25H, Bcl-2, which suggests that BIG could inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis in part by enhancing c-MYC-mediated cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that BIG promotes chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits apoptosis and autophagy, and BIG improving OA is associated with cholesterol metabolism. The results identify a potential mechanism by which BIG enhances c-MYC-mediated CH25H regulation of cholesterol metabolism in vitro and suggest that BIG might be a promising new drug against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiBing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiMin Mai
- Department of Orthopedic, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510008, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China
| | - BaoSheng Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China
| | - CuiYu Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoTing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China
| | - DanGui Chen
- Department of Hematology, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Science and Education, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China
| | - MeiMang Shao
- Department of Science and Education, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Orthopedic, Anqing Municipal Hospitals, Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, People's Republic of China.
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Briski R, Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F. The history of oral decitabine/cedazuridine and its potential role in acute myeloid leukemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2023; 14:20406207231205429. [PMID: 37854355 PMCID: PMC10580721 DOI: 10.1177/20406207231205429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Decitabine, a member of the 5-azanucleosides, has a dose-dependent mechanism of action in vitro: termination of DNA replication at high doses, and inhibition of DNA methyltransferase at low doses. The alteration of DNA methylation patterns by low-dose decitabine is hypothesized to upregulate genes, which promote myeloblast differentiation. In a phase III clinical trial, low-dose decitabine achieved a superior overall response rate (ORR) when compared with 'treatment choice' [consisting of low-dose cytarabine (80%) and supportive care (20%)] as a frontline treatment for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite an improved ORR, the median overall survival (OS) for elderly patients with AML was poor, <1 year. In turn, venetoclax was added to low-dose decitabine, the combination of which significantly improved the ORR and median OS in elderly patients with AML. Currently, hypomethylating agents are being combined with other novel therapies as investigational strategies for elderly and unfit patients with AML. They are also being evaluated as components of maintenance therapy in patients achieving remission. An oral formulation of decitabine has been developed which relies on the concomitant use of oral cedazuridine to protect against first pass metabolism. This oral formulation, which has been approved in myelodysplastic syndrome, is intended to increase convenience of use and therefore compliance in patients. This review characterizes the evolution of decitabine, its oral formulation, and its future in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Briski
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hagop Kantarjian
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 428, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang WJ, Lin J, Wu CQ, Luo AL, Xing X, Xu L. Establishing artificial gene connections through RNA displacement-assembly-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 function. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7691-7703. [PMID: 37395400 PMCID: PMC10415155 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Construction of synthetic circuits that can reprogram genetic networks and signal pathways is a long-term goal for manipulation of biosystems. However, it is still highly challenging to build artificial genetic communications among endogenous RNA species due to their sequence independence and structural diversities. Here we report an RNA-based synthetic circuit that can establish regulatory linkages between expression of endogenous genes in both Escherichiacoli and mammalian cells. This design employs a displacement-assembly approach to modulate the activity of guide RNA for function control of CRISPR/Cas9. Our experiments demonstrate the great effectiveness of this RNA circuit for building artificial connections between expression of originally unrelated genes. Both exogenous and naturally occurring RNAs, including small/microRNAs and long mRNAs, are capable of controlling expression of another endogenous gene through this approach. Moreover, an artificial signal pathway inside mammalian cells is also successfully established to control cell apoptosis through our designed synthetic circuit. This study provides a general strategy for constructing synthetic RNA circuits, which can introduce artificial connections into the genetic networks of mammalian cells and alter the cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiao Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ai-Ling Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiwen Xing
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Institution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Jia Y, Wang F, Gao Y, Qin H, Guan C. Hypoxia stress induces hepatic antioxidant activity and apoptosis, but stimulates immune response and immune-related gene expression in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106502. [PMID: 36965427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen concentrations both in the open ocean and coast have been declining due to the interaction of global climate change and human activity. Fish have evolved different adaptative strategies to cope with possibly damage induced by hypoxic environments. Black rockfish as important economic fish widely reared in the offshore sea cage, whereas related physiological response subject to hypoxia stress remained unclear. In this study, hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]), aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) content, immunological parameters and the expression of apoptosis (bax, bcl2, p53, caspase3, xiap) and immune-related genes (c3, il-1β, ccl25, saa, hap, isg15) of black rockfish were determined during hypoxia and reoxygenation to illustrate the underlying defense response mechanisms. Results showed that hypoxia stress remarkably increased hepatic LPO and MDA content, AST and ALT activity and proportion of pyknotic nucleus. Hepatic SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity manifested similar results, whereas GSH levels significantly decreased under hypoxia stress. The apoptosis rate of hepatocyte increased during hypoxia stress and reoxygenation. Meanwhile, p53, caspase3, bax and xiap mRNAs and bax/bcl2 rations were significantly up-regulated under hypoxia stress. However, bcl2 mRNA was significantly down-regulated. Interestingly, hypoxia stress significantly increased NBT-positive cell percent, phagocytic index, respiratory burst and ACH50 activity, and lysozyme activity. The mRNA levels of c3, ilβ, ccl25, saa, hap and isg15 were significantly up-regulated in the liver, spleen and head-kidney under hypoxia stress. The above parameters recovered to normal status after reoxygenation for 24 h Thus, hypoxia stress impairs hepatic antioxidant capacity, induces oxidative damage and apoptosis via the xiap-p53-bax-bcl2 and the caspase-dependent pathways, but enhances host immunity by regulating nonspecific immune indices and related genes expression to maintain homeostasis in black rockfish. These findings will help fully understand the hypoxia tolerance mechanisms of black rockfish and provide more data for offshore open ocean farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Fenglin Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuntao Gao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Changtao Guan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Shuang L, Chen SL, Ren C, Su XL, Xu XN, Zheng GD, Zou SM. Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on oxidative stress, histological structure, and apoptosis in a new hypoxia-tolerant variety of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 278:111358. [PMID: 36572142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new hypoxia-tolerant variety of blunt snout bream was obtained by successive breeding of the wild population, which markedly improved hypoxia tolerance. In this study, the hypoxia-tolerant variety was exposed to hypoxia (2.0 mg O2·L-1) for 4, 7 days. The contents of blood biochemical indicators including the number of red blood cells (RBC), total cholesterol (T-CHO), total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), and lactic acid (LD) increased significantly (P < 0.05) under hypoxia. The glycogen content in the liver and muscle decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and the LD content in the brain, muscle and liver increased significantly (P < 0.05) under hypoxia. The levels of oxidative stress-related indicators i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) also changed significantly (P < 0.05) in the heart, liver, and intestine of the new variety under hypoxia. Additionally, hypoxia has caused injuries to the heart, liver, and intestine, but it shows amazing repair ability during reoxygenation. The apoptotic cells and apoptosis rate in the heart, liver, and intestine increased under hypoxia. Under hypoxia, the expression of the B-cell lymphomas 2 (Bcl-2) gene in the heart, liver, and intestine was significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated, while the expression of the BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (Bad) gene was significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated. These results are of great significance for enriching the basic data of blunt snout bream new variety in response to hypoxia and promoting the healthy development of its culture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shuang
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Song-Lin Chen
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Su
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Na Xu
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zheng
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shu-Ming Zou
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Shanghai 201306, China.
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9
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Cui HS, Joo SY, Lee SY, Cho YS, Kim DH, Seo CH. Effect of Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblast-Derived Exosomes on Keratinocytes of Normal Human Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076132. [PMID: 37047109 PMCID: PMC10094451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes are highly activated, hyper-proliferated, and abnormally differentiated in the post-burn hypertrophic scar (HTS); however, the effects of scar fibroblasts (SFs) on keratinocytes through cell-cell interaction in HTS remain unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of HTSF-derived exosomes on the proliferation and differentiation of normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) compared with normal fibroblasts (NFs) and their possible mechanism to provide a reference for clinical intervention of HTS. Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from HTS and normal skin. Both HTSF-exosomes and NF-exosomes were extracted via a column-based method from the cell culture supernatant. NHKs were treated for 24 or 48 h with 100 μg/mL of cell-derived exosomes. The expression of proliferation markers (Ki-67 and keratin 14), activation markers (keratins 6, 16, and 17), differentiation markers (keratins 1 and 10), apoptosis factors (Bax, Bcl2, caspase 14, and ASK1), proliferation/differentiation regulators (p21 and p27), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin) was investigated. Compared with NF-exosomes, HTSF-exosomes altered the molecular pattern of proliferation, activation, differentiation, and apoptosis, proliferation/differentiation regulators of NHKs, and EMT markers differently. In conclusion, our findings indicate that HTSF-derived exosomes may play a role in the epidermal pathological development of HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song Cui
- Burn Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeol Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon 14158, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
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10
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Morawietz J, Körber H, Packeiser EM, Beineke A, Goericke-Pesch S. Insights into Canine Infertility: Apoptosis in Chronic Asymptomatic Orchitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076083. [PMID: 37047053 PMCID: PMC10094104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic asymptomatic orchitis (CAO) is a common cause of acquired non-obstructive azoospermia in dogs. To understand the impact and mode of action of apoptosis, we investigated TUNEL, Bax, Bcl-2, Fas/Fas ligand, and caspase 3/8/9 in testicular biopsies of CAO-affected dogs and compared the results to undisturbed spermatogenesis in healthy males (CG). TUNEL+ cells were significantly increased in CAO, correlating with the disturbance of spermatogenesis. Bcl-2, Bax (p < 0.01 each), caspase 9 (p < 0.05), Fas, caspase 8 (p < 0.01 each), and caspase 3 (p < 0.05) were significantly increased at the mRNA level, whereas FasL expression was downregulated. Cleaved caspase 3 staining was sporadic in CAO but not in CG. Sertoli cells, some peritubular (CAO/CG) and interstitial immune cells (CAO) stained Bcl-2+, with significantly more immunopositive cells in both compartments in CAO compared to CG. Bcl-2 and CD20 co-expressing B lymphocytes were encountered interstitially and in CAO occasionally also found intratubally, underlining their contribution to the maintenance of CAO. Our results support the crucial role of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in the pathophysiology of canine CAO. Autoprotective Bcl-2 expression in Sertoli cells and B lymphocytes seems to be functional, however, thereby also maintaining and promoting the disease by immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Morawietz
- Reproductive Unit-Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hanna Körber
- Reproductive Unit-Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Reproductive Unit-Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Reproductive Unit-Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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11
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Zhang Y, Gao Z, Jiang F, Yan H, Yang B, He Q, Luo P, Xu Z, Yang X. JAK-STAT signaling as an ARDS therapeutic target: Status and future trends. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115382. [PMID: 36528067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. It has a high mortality rate and lacks effective pharmacotherapy. With the outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide, the mortality of ARDS has increased correspondingly, which makes it urgent to find effective targets and strategies for the treatment of ARDS. Recent clinical trials of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in treating COVID-19-induced ARDS have shown a positive outcome, which makes the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway a potential therapeutic target for treating ARDS. Here, we review the complex cause of ARDS, the molecular JAK/STAT pathway involved in ARDS pathology, and the progress that has been made in strategies targeting JAK/STAT to treat ARDS. Specifically, JAK/STAT signaling directly participates in the progression of ARDS or colludes with other pathways to aggravate ARDS. We summarize JAK and STAT inhibitors with ARDS treatment benefits, including inhibitors in clinical trials and preclinical studies and natural products, and discuss the side effects of the current JAK inhibitors to reveal future trends in the design of JAK inhibitors, which will help to develop effective treatment strategies for ARDS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanteng Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zizheng Gao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Khodir SA, Sweed E, Gadallah M, Shabaan A. Astaxanthin attenuates cardiovascular dysfunction associated with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:382-395. [PMID: 35322744 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2055764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major global health problem. It is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. One of the most used experimental models in studying antihypertensive action is the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rat. This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension and its possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 48 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, DOCA, and DOCA + ASX. Blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, some oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, and lipid profile levels were measured. The weight of the left ventricle to tibial length ratio was calculated. Apoptosis detection and total genomic DNA extraction in aortic and cardiac tissues were investigated. The apoptotic marker BAX was also immunohistochemically assessed in the heart and aorta. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the DOCA group was associated with a significant increase in blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, lipid profile except serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), weight of the left ventricle to tibial length, and total released DNA fragmentation level of the left ventricle and aorta and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and HDL. Compared to the DOCA group, the DOCA + ASX group significantly improved the DOCA-induced changes. CONCLUSION ASX has beneficial protective effects on DOCA-salt-induced hypertension via DNA fragmentation protection, apoptosis inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and its effects on lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan A Khodir
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Sweed
- Clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gadallah
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Anwaar Shabaan
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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13
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Genomic Abnormalities as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205055. [PMID: 34680203 PMCID: PMC8533805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary AML is a heterogenous malignancy with a variety of underlying genomic abnormalities. Some of the genetic aberrations in AML have led to the development of specific inhibitors which were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are currently used to treat eligible patients. In this review, we describe five gene mutations for which approved inhibitors have been developed, the response of AML patients to these inhibitors, and the known mechanism(s) of resistance. This review also highlights the significance of developing function-based screens for target discovery in the era of personalized medicine. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues. AML results from the acquisition of gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities that induce proliferation or block differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. A combination of cytogenetic profiling and gene mutation analyses are essential for the proper diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment of AML. In the present review, we provide a summary of genomic abnormalities in AML that have emerged as both markers of disease and therapeutic targets. We discuss the abnormalities of RARA, FLT3, BCL2, IDH1, and IDH2, their significance as therapeutic targets in AML, and how various mechanisms cause resistance to the currently FDA-approved inhibitors. We also discuss the limitations of current genomic approaches for producing a comprehensive picture of the activated signaling pathways at diagnosis or at relapse in AML patients, and how innovative technologies combining genomic and functional methods will improve the discovery of novel therapeutic targets in AML. The ultimate goal is to optimize a personalized medicine approach for AML patients and possibly those with other types of cancers.
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Cui HS, Joo SY, Cho YS, Park JH, Ro YM, Kim JB, Seo CH. Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on keratinocytes derived from human hypertrophic scars. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17296. [PMID: 34453089 PMCID: PMC8397706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars represent a common complication in burn patients. In addition to cosmetic defects, they may cause serious sensory abnormalities such as pain and itching, severe dysfunction depending on the site, and emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in keratinocytes. Keratinocytes derived from hypertrophic scar tissue were cultured and expression of proliferation markers (keratin 5 and 14), activation markers (keratin 6 and 17), differentiation markers (keratin 1, 10, and involucrin), apoptosis factors (Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase 14), and proliferation/differentiation regulators (p21 and p27) was investigated to compared with that of those in keratinocytes derived from normal skin tissue. Scar-derived keratinocytes were treated with extracorporeal shock waves under 1000 impulses at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mJ/mm2. Shock waves altered the molecular pattern of proliferation, activation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as proliferation/ differentiation regulators, including Bax, Bcl2, ASK1, p21, p27, and Notch1. In summary, we show that extracorporeal shock wave therapy regulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes derived from hypertrophic scar to maintain normal epidermal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - Ji Heon Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Ro
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - June-Bum Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea.
| | - Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea.
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15
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Grujić-Milanović J, Jaćević V, Miloradović Z, Jovović D, Milosavljević I, Milanović SD, Mihailović-Stanojević N. Resveratrol Protects Cardiac Tissue in Experimental Malignant Hypertension Due to Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5006. [PMID: 34066865 PMCID: PMC8125904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributors of cardiovascular diseases. Malignant hypertension is a relatively rare but extremely severe form of hypertension accompanied with heart, brain, and renal impairment. Resveratrol, a recently described grape-derived, polyphenolic antioxidant molecule, has been proposed as an effective agent in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to examine chronic resveratrol administration on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with special emphasis on cardiac structure and function in two models of experimental hypertension. The experiments were performed in spontaneously (SHRs) and malignantly hypertensive rats (MHRs). The chronic administration of resveratrol significantly decreased blood pressure in both spontaneously and malignant hypertensive animals. The resveratrol treatment ameliorated morphological changes in the heart tissue. The immunohistochemistry of the heart tissue after resveratrol treatment showed that both TGF-β and Bax were not present in the myocytes of SHRs and were present mainly in the myocytes of MHRs. Resveratrol suppressed lipid peroxidation and significantly improved oxidative status and release of NO. These results suggest that resveratrol prevents hypertrophic and apoptotic consequences induced by high blood pressure with more pronounced effects in malignant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelica Grujić-Milanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hypertension, Institute for Medical Research, Department for Cardiovascular Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.M.); (D.J.); (N.M.-S.)
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 30 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zoran Miloradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hypertension, Institute for Medical Research, Department for Cardiovascular Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.M.); (D.J.); (N.M.-S.)
| | - Djurdjica Jovović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hypertension, Institute for Medical Research, Department for Cardiovascular Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.M.); (D.J.); (N.M.-S.)
| | - Ivica Milosavljević
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sladjan D. Milanović
- Institute for Medical Research, Department for Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nevena Mihailović-Stanojević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hypertension, Institute for Medical Research, Department for Cardiovascular Research, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.M.); (D.J.); (N.M.-S.)
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Signaling Pathways That Control Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050937. [PMID: 33668112 PMCID: PMC7956765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cancer-caused death in men worldwide. Therapies that target the androgen receptor axis induce apoptosis in normal prostates and provide temporary relief for advanced disease, yet prostate cancer that acquired androgen independence (so called castration-resistant prostate cancer, CRPC) invariably progresses to lethal disease. There is accumulating evidence that androgen receptor signaling do not regulate apoptosis and proliferation in prostate epithelial cells in a cell-autonomous fashion. Instead, androgen receptor activation in stroma compartments induces expression of unknown paracrine factors that maintain homeostasis of the prostate epithelium. This paradigm calls for new studies to identify paracrine factors and signaling pathways that control the survival of normal epithelial cells and to determine which apoptosis regulatory molecules are targeted by these pathways. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of apoptosis induced by androgen ablation in prostate epithelial cells with emphasis on the roles of BCL-2 family proteins and "druggable" signaling pathways that control these proteins. A summary of the clinical trials of inhibitors of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways is also provided. Evidently, better knowledge of the apoptosis regulation in prostate epithelial cells is needed to understand mechanisms of androgen-independence and implement life-extending therapies for CRPC.
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Liang GB, Wei JH, Jiang H, Huang RZ, Qin JT, Wang HL, Wang HS, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of new 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives targeting nuclear DNA. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 210:112951. [PMID: 33109400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four series of new 3-nitro naphthalimides derivatives, 4(4a‒4f), 5(5a‒5i), 6(6a‒6e) and 7 (7a‒7j), were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) screening assay results revealed that some compounds displayed effective in vitro antiproliferative activity on SMMC-7721, T24, SKOV-3, A549 and MGC-803 cancer cell lines in comparison with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mitonafide and amonafide. Nude mouse xenotransplantation model assay results indicated that compounds 6b and 7b exhibited good in vivo antiproliferative activity in MGC-803 xenografts in comparison with amonafide and cisplatin, suggesting that compounds 6b and 7b could be good candidates for antitumor agents. Gel electrophoresis assay indicated that DNA and Topo I were the potential targets of compounds 6b and 7b, and comet assay confirmed that compounds 6b and 7b could induce DNA damage, while the further study showed that the 6b- and 7b-induced DNA damage was accompanied by the upregulation of p-ATM, P-Chk2, Cdc25A and p-H2AX. Cell cycle arrest studies demonstrated that compounds 6b and 7b arrested the cell cycle at the S phase, accompanied by the upregulation of the expression levels of the antioncogene p21 and the down-regulation of the expression levels of cyclin E. Apoptosis assays indicated that compounds 6b and 7b caused the apoptosis of tumor cells along with the upregulation of the expression of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP and the downregulation of Bcl-2. These mechanistic studies suggested that compounds 6b and 7b exerted their antitumor activity by targeting to DNA, thereby inducing DNA damage and Topo I inhibition, and consequently causing S stage arrest and the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Bin Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jing-Ting Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science, Guilin Normal College, Guilin, 541001, China; College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
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Dwivedi R, Chandra S, Mehrotra D, Raj V, Pandey R. Predicting transition from oral pre-malignancy to malignancy via Bcl-2 immuno-expression: Evidence and lacunae. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:397-403. [PMID: 32775181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 (B cell Lymphoma -2) family comprises of both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins whose altered expression or change in ratio inhibits apoptosis, and promotes tumor progression. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of Bcl-2 in distinguishing dysplastic or malignant epithelium from non-dysplastic or normal epithelium to aid in prediction of malignant transformation potential. Material and method Study group comprised of 30 cases of clinically diagnosed leukoplakia (OPMD), 15 cases of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and 5 normal tissue samples. The labeling index of Bcl-2 was analyzed in immunohistochemically stained sections. Different statistical tools were used to analyze the data and to compare Bcl-2 expression qualitatively and quantitatively among all the groups. Results An increasing trend of Bcl-2 immunoexpression was observed from normal epithelium to non-dysplastic and from non-dysplastic to dysplastic lesions. In OSCC, the peripheral cells in the differentiating epithelial islands (within the connective tissue) showed Bcl-2 immuno-reactivity, which gradually decreased towards the center. In contrast, intense and diffuse Bcl-2 immuno-reactivity was seen in poorly differentiated carcinoma. But the overall Bcl-2 positivity was less in OSCC as compared to dysplastic lesions. Conclusion Increased expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein in sequentially progressing epithelial dysplasia and down-regulation in differentiating carcinoma (well and moderately differentiating OSCC) unveils the clinical relevance of Bcl-2 in early stages of OSCC tumorigenesis. The heterogenous expression of Bcl-2 in carcinoma with different grades of differentiation renders them unable to be used as an independent tool for predicting transition from oral pre-malignancy to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dwivedi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Vineet Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Rahul Pandey
- DHR-MRU, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
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Han X, Liu P, Liu M, Wei Z, Fan S, Wang X, Sun S, Chu L. [6]-Gingerol Ameliorates ISO-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis through Inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000003. [PMID: 32438504 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE [6]-Gingerol is one of the primary pungent constituents of ginger. While [6]-gingerol has many pharmacological effects, its benefits for myocardial fibrosis, including its exact role and underlying mechanisms, remain largely unexplored. The present study is designed to characterize the cardio-protective effects of [6]-gingerol in myocardial fibrosis mice and possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (ISO, 10 mg kg-1 ) and gavaged with [6]-gingerol (10, 20 mg kg-1 day-1 ) for 14 days. Pathological alterations, fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and apoptosis are examined. In ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis, [6]-gingerol treatment decreases the J-point, heart rate, cardiac weight index, left ventricle weight index, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels, calcium concentration, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and increases levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and GSH/GSSG. Further, [6]-gingerol improved ISO-induced morphological pathologies, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The protective effect of [6]-gingerol in mice with ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, potentially through the TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050091, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Ziheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Sen Fan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Shijiang Sun
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
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Jullien M, Gomez-Bougie P, Chiron D, Touzeau C. Restoring Apoptosis with BH3 Mimetics in Mature B-Cell Malignancies. Cells 2020; 9:E717. [PMID: 32183335 PMCID: PMC7140641 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly conserved mechanism enabling the removal of unwanted cells. Mitochondrial apoptosis is governed by the B-cell lymphoma (BCL-2) family, including anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins. Apoptosis evasion by dysregulation of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members (BCL-2, MCL-1, BCL-XL) is a common hallmark in cancers. To divert this dysregulation into vulnerability, researchers have developed BH3 mimetics, which are small molecules that restore effective apoptosis in neoplastic cells by interfering with anti-apoptotic proteins. Among them, venetoclax is a potent and selective BCL-2 inhibitor, which has demonstrated the strongest clinical activity in mature B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphoid leukemia, mantle-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance have been recently described and several features such as cytogenetic abnormalities, BCL-2 family expression, and ex vivo drug testing have to be considered for predicting sensitivity to BH3 mimetics and helping in the identification of patients able to respond. The medical need to overcome resistance to BH3 mimetics supports the evaluation of innovative combination strategies. Novel agents including MCL-1 targeting BH3 mimetics are currently evaluated and may represent new therapeutic options in the field. The present review summarizes the current knowledge regarding venetoclax and other BH3 mimetics for the treatment of mature B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jullien
- Clinical Hematology, Nantes University Hospital, 1 place A. Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Patricia Gomez-Bougie
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Angers University, Nantes University, 8 quai Moncousu, 44000 Nantes, France; (P.G.-B.); (D.C.)
- Integrated Cancer Research Center (SIRIC), ILIAD, 5 Allée de l’Ile Gloriette, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - David Chiron
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Angers University, Nantes University, 8 quai Moncousu, 44000 Nantes, France; (P.G.-B.); (D.C.)
- Integrated Cancer Research Center (SIRIC), ILIAD, 5 Allée de l’Ile Gloriette, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Cyrille Touzeau
- Clinical Hematology, Nantes University Hospital, 1 place A. Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France;
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Angers University, Nantes University, 8 quai Moncousu, 44000 Nantes, France; (P.G.-B.); (D.C.)
- Integrated Cancer Research Center (SIRIC), ILIAD, 5 Allée de l’Ile Gloriette, 44093 Nantes, France
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Xin M, Wei JH, Yang CH, Liang GB, Su D, Ma XL, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-nitro-1,8-naphthalimides as potential antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127051. [PMID: 32111436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-nitro-naphthalimides 1(1a-1h) were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. MTT assay results showed that all these compounds exhibited obvious antiproliferative activity against SKOV3, HepG2, A549, T-24 and SMMC-7721 cancer cell lines, while compound 1a displayed the best antiproliferative activity against HepG2 and T-24 cell lines in comparison with mitonafide, with IC50 of 9.2 ± 1.8 and 4.133 ± 0.9 μM, respectively. In vivo antiproliferative activity assay results showed that compound 1a exhibited good antiproliferative activity in the HepG2 and T-24 models, compared with mitonafide. Action mechanism results showed that compound 1a could induced the damage of DNA and the inhibition topo I, accompanying by inducing the G2-stage arresting and the apoptosis of T-24 cancer cells through up-regulating expression levels of cyclin B1, cdc 2-pTy, Wee1, γH2AX, p21, Bax and cytochrome c and down-regulating expression of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chen-Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Gui-Bin Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xian-Li Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science, Guilin Normal College, Guangxi 541001, China.
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22
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Lv J, Zhang F, Zhai C, Wang G, Qu Y. Bag-1 Silence Sensitizes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells To Cisplatin Through Multiple Gene Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8977-8989. [PMID: 31802907 PMCID: PMC6827518 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s218182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated athanogene 1 (Bag-1) is a multifunctional protein, and Bag -1 overexpression is associated with progression, metastasis, and drug resistance in lung cancer. This study assessed the effects of Bag-1 siRNA on sensitization of cisplatin on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Material and methods NSCLC A549 cell line was transfected with Bag-1 or negative control siRNA and then treated with cisplatin for cell viability, CCK-8, LDH, and flow cytometry assays. The Ca2+ levels were analyzed using Fluo-3/AM fluorescence staining, and the protein levels were assessed using Western blot analysis. Results Bag-1 siRNA significantly knocked down Bag-1 expression and inhibited cell invasion versus the negative control siRNA, while Bag-1 silence sensitized cisplatin to induce A549 cells to apoptosis by induction of cell cycle G1 arrest. At protein level, Bag-1 silence reduced the expression ratio of Bcl-2 to Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), downregulated activity of the PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and potently upregulated the calcium signaling-mediated pathway. Conclusion This study demonstrated that Bag-1 silencing sensitized A549 to cisplatin to enhance A549 cell apoptosis by modified multiple gene pathways. Further study will evaluate the usefulness of Bag-1 siRNA as a potential targeting therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo 255200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 26400, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Congying Zhai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo 255200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gejin Wang
- Department of Nursing, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo 255314, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Henrich M, Bauknecht A, Hecht W, Reinacher M. Lack of Bcl-2 expression in feline follicular lymphomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:809-817. [PMID: 31585524 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719877916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is commonly overexpressed in follicular lymphomas in humans. This is usually the result of a chromosomal translocation that transposes the Bcl-2 gene into the immunoglobulin gene locus. The immunohistochemical assessment of this overexpression can be used as a tool for the differentiation of follicular lymphoma and follicular hyperplasia. In cats, little information about the expression of Bcl-2 in follicular lymphoma exists. We investigated 18 follicular lymphomas histologically and immunohistochemically for the expression of Bcl-2, CD3, CD45R, and feline leukemia virus. Clonality was assessed by PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements. Although the histology resembled that of their human counterparts, diffuse expression of Bcl-2 within the follicles of the feline lymphomas, as seen in human cases, was not present. Only single cells within the follicles, comparable to the reactive controls, were positive for Bcl-2 expression. The mean survival time of 4.6 y confirmed the indolent character of the tumor. None of the clinical parameters assessed were statistically significant predictors of survival. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in survival of animals with or without anti-neoplastic therapy was also not demonstrable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Henrich
- Institut fuer Veterinaer-Pathologie, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Anna Bauknecht
- Institut fuer Veterinaer-Pathologie, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Werner Hecht
- Institut fuer Veterinaer-Pathologie, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Manfred Reinacher
- Institut fuer Veterinaer-Pathologie, Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
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24
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Bcl-2 Overexpression Induces Neurite Outgrowth via the Bmp4/Tbx3/NeuroD1 Cascade in H19-7 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:153-166. [PMID: 31493044 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 is overexpressed in the nervous system during neural development and plays an important role in modulating cell survival. In addition to its anti-apoptotic function, it has been suggested previously that Bcl-2 might act as a mediator of neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanism by which Bcl-2 might influence neurogenesis is not sufficiently understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the non-apoptotic functions of Bcl-2 during neuronal differentiation. First, we used microarrays to analyze the whole-genome expression patterns of rat neural stem cells overexpressing Bcl-2 and found that Bcl-2 overexpression induced the expression of various neurogenic genes. Moreover, Bcl-2 overexpression increased the neurite length as well as expression of Bmp4, Tbx3, and proneural basic helix-loop-helix genes, such as NeuroD1, NeuroD2, and Mash1, in H19-7 rat hippocampal precursor cells. To determine the hierarchy of these molecules, we selectively depleted Bmp4, Tbx3, and NeuroD1 in Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. Bmp4 depletion suppressed the upregulation of Tbx3 and NeuroD1 as well as neurite outgrowth, which was induced by Bcl-2 overexpression. Although Tbx3 knockdown repressed Bcl-2-mediated neurite elaboration and downregulated NeuroD1 expression, it did not affect Bcl-2-induced Bmp4 expression. While the depletion of NeuroD1 had no effect on the expression of Bcl-2, Bmp4, or Tbx3, Bcl-2-mediated neurite outgrowth was suppressed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Bcl-2 regulates neurite outgrowth through the Bmp4/Tbx3/NeuroD1 cascade in H19-7 cells, indicating that Bcl-2 may have a direct role in neuronal development in addition to its well-known anti-apoptotic function in response to environmental insults.
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Distelhorst CW, Bootman MD. Creating a New Cancer Therapeutic Agent by Targeting the Interaction between Bcl-2 and IP 3 Receptors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a035196. [PMID: 31110129 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 is a member of a family of proteins that regulate cell survival. Expression of Bcl-2 is aberrantly elevated in many types of cancer. Within cells of the immune system, Bcl-2 has a physiological role in regulating immune responses. However, in cancers arising from cells of the immune system Bcl-2 promotes cell survival and proliferation. This review summarizes discoveries over the past 30 years that have elucidated Bcl-2's role in the normal immune system, including its actions in regulating calcium (Ca2+) signals necessary for the immune response, and for Ca2+-mediated apoptosis at the end of an immune response. How Bcl-2 modulates the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) is discussed, and in particular, the role of Bcl-2/IP3R interactions in promoting the survival of cancer cells by preventing Ca2+-mediated cell death. The development and usage of a peptide, referred to as TAT-Pep8, or more recently, BIRD-2, that induces death of cancer cells by inhibiting Bcl-2's control over IP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation is discussed. Studies aimed at discovering a small molecule that mimics BIRD-2's anticancer mechanism of action are summarized, along with the prospect of such a compound becoming a novel therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Distelhorst
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Martin D Bootman
- School of Life, Health, and Chemical Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
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Zhao L, Cheng G, Choksi K, Samanta A, Girgis M, Soder R, Vincent RJ, Wulser M, De Ruyter M, McEnulty P, Hauptman J, Yang Y, Weiner CP, Dawn B. Transplantation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Cellular Fraction Improves Left Ventricular Function and Remodeling After Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion. Circ Res 2019; 125:759-772. [PMID: 31462157 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) contains diverse populations of stem/progenitor cells. Whether hUCB-derived nonhematopoietic cells would induce cardiac repair remains unknown. Objective: To examine whether intramyocardial transplantation of hUCB-derived CD45-Lin- nonhematopoietic cellular fraction after a reperfused myocardial infarction in nonimmunosuppressed rats would improve cardiac function and ameliorate ventricular remodeling. Methods and Results: Nonhematopoietic CD45-Lin- cells were isolated from hUCB. Flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to characterize this subpopulation. Age-matched male Fischer 344 rats underwent a 30-minute coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion and 48 hours later received intramyocardial injection of vehicle or hUCB CD45-Lin- cells. After 35 days, compared with vehicle-treated rats, CD45-Lin- cell-treated rats exhibited improved left ventricular function, blunted left ventricular hypertrophy, greater preservation of viable myocardium in the infarct zone, and superior left ventricular remodeling. Mechanistically, hUCB CD45-Lin- cell injection favorably modulated molecular pathways regulating myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation in postinfarct ventricular myocardium. Rare persistent transplanted human cells could be detected at both 4 and 35 days after myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Transplantation of hUCB-derived CD45-Lin- nonhematopoietic cellular subfraction after a reperfused myocardial infarction in nonimmunosuppressed rats ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction and improves remodeling via favorable paracrine modulation of molecular pathways. These findings with human cells in a clinically relevant model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in immunocompetent animals may have significant translational implications.Visual Overview: An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Guangming Cheng
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Kashyap Choksi
- Cardiology Consultants of South Georgia, Thomasville (K.C.)
| | - Anweshan Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.S.), University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Magdy Girgis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Rupal Soder
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (R.S., R.J.V., M.W., C.P.W.)
| | - Robert J Vincent
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (R.S., R.J.V., M.W., C.P.W.)
| | - Michael Wulser
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (R.S., R.J.V., M.W., C.P.W.)
| | - Matt De Ruyter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery (M.D.R.), University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Patrick McEnulty
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita (P.M.)
| | - Jeryl Hauptman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Yanjuan Yang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Carl P Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (R.S., R.J.V., M.W., C.P.W.)
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
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Icariin induces apoptosis by suppressing autophagy in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7/TAM. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:766-775. [PMID: 31172425 PMCID: PMC6821666 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Icariin is a major component isolated from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim and has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity. However, whether icariin could reverse the acquired drug resistance in breast cancer remains largely unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the antitumor effects of icariin and its underlying mechanisms in a tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7/TAM. Methods 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were performed to determine the effects of icariin on cell viability and cell death. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay was utilized to observe cell autophagy. The downstream protein levels were measured using western blotting. Results Here, we observed that icariin treatment not only inhibited the growth of MCF-7 but also has a potential function to overcome tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7/TAM. Moreover, icariin significantly induced cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis, as well as suppressed autophagy. At molecular levels, icariin treatment remarkably down-regulated the expression levels of CDK2, CDK4, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, LC3-1, LC3-II, AGT5, Beclin-1, but upregulated the expression levels of caspase-3, PARP and p62. Most importantly, we found inhibition of autophagy via 3-MA treatment could significantly enhance the effects of icariin on cell viability and apoptosis. Enhanced autophagy via autophagy related 5 (ATG5) overexpression could partially reverse the effects of icariin on cell viability and apoptosis. Conclusion These results revealed that icariin might potentially be useful as an adjuvant agent in cancer chemotherapy to enhance the effect of tamoxifen through suppression of autophagy in vitro and provide insight into the therapeutic potential of icariin for the treatment of chemo-resistant breast cancer.
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Ismail NI, Othman I, Abas F, H Lajis N, Naidu R. Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Curcumin in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2454. [PMID: 31108984 PMCID: PMC6566943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancer with higher incident and mortality rate worldwide. It is estimated that about over than 1.1 million of death and 2.2 million new cases by the year 2030. The current treatment modalities with the usage of chemo drugs such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, surgery and radiotherapy, which are usually accompanied with major side effects, are rarely cured along with poor survival rate and at higher recurrence outcome. This trigger the needs of exploring new natural compounds with anti-cancer properties which possess fewer side effects. Curcumin, a common spice used in ancient medicine was found to induce apoptosis by targeting various molecules and signaling pathways involved in CRC. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis could be one of the promoting factors in colorectal cancer progression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of apoptosis regulation by curcumin in CRC with regard to molecular targets and associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Isnida Ismail
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- UniKL MESTECH, A1-1 Jalan TKS1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 434000 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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MicroRNA-645 represses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting SOX30-mediated p53 transcriptional activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:214-222. [PMID: 30312695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Amount of evidence demonstrate that aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among them, miR-645 is recently recognized as cancer-related miRNA and its significance in HCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we reported for the first that miR-645 expression was markedly elevated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and its up-regulation was associated with malignant clinical features, including tumor size and venous infiltration and poor prognosis. Our data revealed that miR-645 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation and inhibited apoptosis by gain- and loss-of function experiments in vitro. In vivo assays showed that miR-645 overexpression enhanced tumor growth. Moreover, miR-645 directly bound to the SOX30 3'-UTR and post-transcriptionally repressed SOX30 expression in HCC cells. Furthermore, miR-645 inversely correlated with SOX30 expression in HCC tissues. Restoration of SOX30 expression at least partially abolished the biological effects of miR-645 on HCC cells. SOX30 regulated HCC progression through aberrant activation of p53 by directly binding to its promoter. Taken together, this research supports the first evidence that miR-645 exerts an oncogenic role in HCC progression and may be a therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Tad M, Kulaçoğlu S. Memenin Duktal Karsinoma in Situ Lezyonları: Histopatolojik özellikler ile p53, HER2/neu, bcl-2 ve PCNA Ekspresyonu arasındaki ilişki. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.457239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kuang WB, Huang RZ, Qin JL, Lu X, Qin QP, Zou BQ, Chen ZF, Liang H, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:139-150. [PMID: 30092368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of new 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives (5a1-5d6) were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. In vitro antitumor assay results showed that some compounds exhibited moderate to high inhibitory activity against HepG2, SK-OV-3, NCI-H460 and BEL-7404 tumor cell lines, and most compounds exhibited much lower cytotoxicity against the HL-7702 normal cell line compared to 5-FU and cisplatin. In vivo antitumor assay results demonstrated that 5a3 exhibited effective inhibition on tumor growth in the NCI-H460 xenograft mouse model and that 5d3 displayed excellent antiproliferative activity in the BEL-7402 xenograft model. These results suggested that both 5a3 and 5d3 could be used as anticancer drug candidates. Mechanistic studies suggested that compounds 5a3 and 5d3 exerted their antitumor activity by up-regulation of Bax, intracellular Ca2+ release, ROS generation, downregulation of Bcl-2, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and subsequent cleavage of PARP, inhibition of CDK activity and activation of the p53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jiao-Lan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science, Guilin Normal College, Xinyi Road 15, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science, Guilin Normal College, Xinyi Road 15, Guangxi 541001, China.
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Distelhorst CW. Targeting Bcl-2-IP 3 receptor interaction to treat cancer: A novel approach inspired by nearly a century treating cancer with adrenal corticosteroid hormones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1795-1804. [PMID: 30053503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 inhibits cell death by at least two different mechanisms. On the one hand, its BH3 domain binds to pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bim and prevents apoptosis induction. On the other hand, the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 binds to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), preventing Ca2+ signals that mediate cell death. In normal T-cells, Bcl-2 levels increase during the immune response, protecting against cell death, and then decline as apoptosis ensues and the immune response dissipates. But in many cancers Bcl-2 is aberrantly expressed and exploited to prevent cell death by inhibiting IP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation. This review summarizes what is known about the mechanism of Bcl-2's control over IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and cell death induction. Early insights into the role of Ca2+ elevation in corticosteroid-mediated cell death serves as a model for how targeting IP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation can be a highly effective therapeutic approach for different types of cancer. Moreover, the successful development of ABT-199 (Venetoclax), a small molecule targeting the BH3 domain of Bcl-2 but without effects on Ca2+, serves as proof of principle that targeting Bcl-2 can be an effective therapeutic approach. BIRD-2, a synthetic peptide that inhibits Bcl-2-IP3R interaction, induces cell death induction in ABT-199 (Venetoclax)-resistant cancer models, attesting to the value of developing therapeutic agents that selectively target Bcl-2-IP3R interaction, inducing Ca2+-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Distelhorst
- Case Western University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America.
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You Y, Cuevas-Diaz Duran R, Jiang L, Dong X, Zong S, Snyder M, Wu JQ. An integrated global regulatory network of hematopoietic precursor cell self-renewal and differentiation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:390-405. [PMID: 29892750 PMCID: PMC6047913 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systematic study of the regulatory mechanisms of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Progenitor Cell (HSPC) self-renewal is fundamentally important for understanding hematopoiesis and for manipulating HSPCs for therapeutic purposes. Previously, we have characterized gene expression and identified important transcription factors (TFs) regulating the switch between self-renewal and differentiation in a multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell (HPC) line, EML (Erythroid, Myeloid, and Lymphoid) cells. Herein, we report binding maps for additional TFs (SOX4 and STAT3) by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-Sequencing, to address the underlying mechanisms regulating self-renewal properties of lineage-CD34+ subpopulation (Lin-CD34+ EML cells). Furthermore, we applied the Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin (ATAC)-Sequencing to globally identify the open chromatin regions associated with TF binding in the self-renewing Lin-CD34+ EML cells. Mass spectrometry (MS) was also used to quantify protein relative expression levels. Finally, by integrating the protein-protein interaction database, we built an expanded transcriptional regulatory and interaction network. We found that MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway and TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway components were highly enriched among the binding targets of these TFs in Lin-CD34+ EML cells. The present study integrates regulatory information at multiple levels to paint a more comprehensive picture of the HSPC self-renewal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan You
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Miao Z, Li Q, Zhao J, Wang P, Wang L, He HP, Wang N, Zhou H, Zhang TC, Luo XG. Stable expression of infliximab in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated BAK1-deficient CHO cells. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1209-1218. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Perini GF, Ribeiro GN, Pinto Neto JV, Campos LT, Hamerschlak N. BCL-2 as therapeutic target for hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:65. [PMID: 29747654 PMCID: PMC5946445 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the physiologic balance between cell proliferation and cell death is an important step of cancer development. Increased resistance to apoptosis is a key oncogenic mechanism in several hematological malignancies and, in many cases, especially in lymphoid neoplasias, has been attributed to the upregulation of BCL-2. The BCL-2 protein is the founding member of the BCL-2 family of apoptosis regulators and was the first apoptosis modulator to be associated with cancer. The recognition of the important role played by BCL-2 for cancer development and resistance to treatment made it a relevant target for therapy for many diseases, including solid tumors and hematological neoplasias. Among the different strategies that have been developed to inhibit BCL-2, BH3-mimetics have emerged as a novel class of compounds with favorable results in different clinical settings, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In April 2016, the first inhibitor of BCL-2, venetoclax, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with CLL who have 17p deletion and had received at least one prior therapy. This review focuses on the relevance of BCL-2 for apoptosis modulation at the mitochondrial level, its potential as therapeutic target for hematological malignancies, and the results obtained with selective inhibitors belonging to the BH3-mimetics, especially venetoclax used in monotherapy or in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Fleury Perini
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Glaciano Nogueira Ribeiro
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 110, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Jorge Vaz Pinto Neto
- Cettro-Centro de Câncer de Brasília, SMHN Quadra 2, Bloco A, Edifício de Clínicas, 12 andar, Brasília, DF, 70710-904, Brazil
| | - Laura Tojeiro Campos
- AbbVie, Avenida Jornalista Roberto Marinho, 85-7 andar, Brooklin, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 04576-010, Brazil
| | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05652-900, Brazil.
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Aslani F, Sebastian T, Keidel M, Fröhlich S, Elsässer HP, Schuppe HC, Klug J, Mahavadi P, Fijak M, Bergmann M, Meinhardt A, Bhushan S. Resistance to apoptosis and autophagy leads to enhanced survival in Sertoli cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:370-380. [PMID: 28379541 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the underlying mechanism of Sertoli cell (SC) resistance to cell death? SUMMARY ANSWER High expression of prosurvival B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) proteins and inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy prolongs SC survival upon exposure to stress stimuli. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In human and in experimental models of orchitis, tolerogenic SC survive stress conditions, while germ cells undergo massive apoptosis. In general, non-dividing highly differentiated cells tend to resist stress conditions for a longer time by favoring activation of prosurvival mechanisms and inhibition of cell death pathways. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this cross sectional study, conditions stimulating apoptosis and autophagy were used to induce cell death in primary rat SC. Primary rat peritubular cells (PTC) and immortalized rat 93RS2 SC were used as controls. Each cell isolation was counted as one experiment (n = 1), and each experiment was repeated three to six times. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Testis biopsy samples from infertile or subfertile patients and testis samples from rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis were used for immunohistological analysis. Primary SC were isolated from 19-day-old male Wistar rats. To maintain cell purity, cells were cultured in serum-free medium for apoptosis experiments and in medium supplemented with 1% serum for autophagy analyses. To induce apoptosis, cells were stimulated with staurosporine, borrelidin, cisplatin and etoposide for 4 or 24 h. Caspase three activation was examined by immunoblotting and enzymatic activity assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester followed by flow cytometric analysis. Cytochrome c release was monitored by immunofluorescence. Cell viability was determined using the methylthiazole tetrazolium assay. To monitor autophagy flux, cells were deprived of nutrients using Hank's balanced salt solution for 1, 2 and 3 h. Formation of autophagosomes was analyzed by using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence labeling and ultrastructural analyses. Relative mRNA levels of genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated. Extracellular high mobility group box protein one was measured as a marker of necrosis using ELISA. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE SC survive the inflammatory conditions in vivo in human testis and in experimental autoimmune orchitis. Treatment with apoptosis inducing chemotherapeutics did not cause caspase three activation in isolated rat SC. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial localization of cytochrome c were not changed by treatment with staurosporine, suggesting a premitochondrial blockade of apoptosis in SC. Expression levels of prosurvival BCL2 family members were significantly higher in SC compared to PTC at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, after nutrient starvation, autophagy signaling was initiated in SC as observed by decreased levels of phosphorylated UNC- 51-like kinase -1 (ULK1). However, levels of light chain 3 II (LC3 II) and sequestosome1 (SQSTM1) remained unchanged, indicating blockade of the autophagy flux. Lysosomal activity was intact in SC as shown by accumulation of LC3 II following administration of lysosomal protease inhibitors, indicating that inhibition of autophagy flux occurs at a preceding stage. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In this study, we have used primary SC from prepubertal rats. Caution should be taken when translating our results to adult animals, where crosstalk with other testicular cells and hormonal factors may also play a role in regulating survival of SC. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results suggest that inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis following exposure to extrinsic stress stimuli promotes SC survival, and is a possible mechanism to explain the robustness of SC in response to stress. Cell death resistance in SC is crucial for the recovery of spermatogenesis after chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients. Additionally, understanding the molecular mechanisms of SC survival unravels valuable target proteins, such as BCL2, that may be manipulated therapeutically to control cell viability depending on the context of the disease. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Grant BH93/1-1, and by the International Research Training Group between Justus Liebig University of Giessen and Monash University, Melbourne (GRK 1871/1) funded by the DFG and Monash University. The support of the Medical Faculty of Justus-Liebig University of Giessen is gratefully acknowledged. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial Aslani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Tim Sebastian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Miguel Keidel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Suada Fröhlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Elsässer
- Department of Cell Biology and Cytopathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Klug
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Fijak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Yogarajah M, Stone RM. A concise review of BCL-2 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:145-154. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1420474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Yogarajah
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Richard M. Stone
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kuang WB, Huang RZ, Fang YL, Liang GB, Yang CH, Ma XL, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 2-chloro-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline derivatives as antitumor agents: in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic response. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24376-24385. [PMID: 35539175 PMCID: PMC9082043 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 2-chloro-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents under the combination principle. The antitumor activity and mechanisms were then evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Kuang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- PR China
| | - Yi-Lin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Gui-Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Chen-Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Xian-Li Ma
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
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HEGAZY LAM, MOTIAM MHA, ABD EL-AAL NF, IBRAHIM SM, MOHAMED HK. Evaluation of Artesunate and Praziquantel Combination Therapy in Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 13:193-203. [PMID: 30069203 PMCID: PMC6068369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the global efforts to control schistosomiasis, still prevalence in endemic regions unchanged. The present study was conducted to investigate the possible role of artesunate (AS) and praziquantel (PZQ) combination in enhancing cure in pre-patent and patent Schistosoma mansoni infection, and study the role of apoptosis in evaluation of the drugs efficacy. METHODS Eighty laboratory-bred Swiss albino male mice were classified into four groups (20 mice each); control, PZQ treated (500 mg/kg), AS treated (400 mg/kg) and combined AS (400 mg/kg) + PZQ (500 mg/g) groups. Efficacy of the drugs was assessed by parasitological (egg count/gram stool, worm burden, tissue egg load, oogram pattern), histopathological (haematoxylin and eosin -for detection of type of hepatic granulomas, number & diameter) and immunohistochemical studies (P53 and Bcl-2 markers for determination of inflammatory cells and the degree of apoptosis). RESULTS Significant reduction was recorded in stool egg count, tissue egg count (liver and intestine), worm burden, granuloma number and size and changed oogram patterns in artesunate -praziquantel combined group followed by artesunate monotherapy group. There was a significant increase in the apoptotic proteins P53 and slight increase in anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 in the infected group compared to the control healthy group. A significant decrease and increase in P53 & Bcl-2 expressions respectively were observed in artesunate - praziquantel combined group compared to control infected group. CONCLUSION artesunate-praziquantel combination is a potential upcoming chemotherapy for schistosomiasis mansoni. Both Bcl-2 and P53 are good markers assessing S. mansoni apoptosis, morbidity and chemotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naglaa Fathy ABD EL-AAL
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt,Correspondence
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Sfanos KS, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, De Marzo AM. The inflammatory microenvironment and microbiome in prostate cancer development. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 15:11-24. [PMID: 29089606 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes the development of several types of solid cancers and might contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. This hypothesis partly originates in the frequent observation of inflammatory cells in the prostate microenvironment of adult men. Inflammation is associated with putative prostate cancer precursor lesions, termed proliferative inflammatory atrophy. Inflammation might drive prostate carcinogenesis via oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species that induce mutagenesis. Additionally, inflammatory stress might cause epigenetic alterations that promote neoplastic transformation. Proliferative inflammatory atrophy is enriched for proliferative luminal epithelial cells of intermediate phenotype that might be prone to genomic alterations leading to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. Studies in animals suggest that inflammatory changes in the prostate microenvironment contribute to reprogramming of prostate epithelial cells, a possible step in tumour initiation. Prostatic infection, concurrent with epithelial barrier disruption, might be a key driver of an inflammatory microenvironment; the discovery of a urinary microbiome indicates a potential source of frequent exposure of the prostate to a diverse number of microorganisms. Hence, current evidence suggests that inflammation and atrophy are involved in prostate carcinogenesis and suggests a role for the microbiome in establishing an inflammatory prostate microenvironment that might promote prostate cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Rosania R, Varbanova M, Wex T, Langner C, Bornschein J, Giorgio F, Ierardi E, Malfertheiner P. Regulation of apoptosis is impaired in atrophic gastritis associated with gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:84. [PMID: 28662697 PMCID: PMC5492920 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric premalignant conditions, atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are characterized by an increase of proliferation and a reduction of apoptosis in epithelial cells. The epithelial cell kinetics in AG and IM in gastric mucosa adjacent to gastric cancer is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epithelial cell turnover and expression of proliferation and apoptosis-related genes in gastric cancer (GC) and adjacent mucosa with atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia (AG/IM GC+), as well as in atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia mucosa of patients without GC (AG/IM GC-) and in control biopsy samples of non-transformed gastric mucosa (Control). METHODS We selected 58 patients (M: F = 34:24; age range 20-84 years, median 61.06 years) with 4 well defined histological conditions: 20 controls with histological finding of non-transformed gastric mucosa, 20 patients with AG or IM (AG/IM GC-), and 18 patients with intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) and AG or IM in the adjacent mucosa (3 cm from the macroscopic tumour margin, AG/IM GC+). We performed an immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 and TUNEL and quantitative RT-PCR to determine the expression of PCNA and Bax/Bcl-2. RESULTS The immunohistochemical expression of Ki67 and TUNEL in AG/IM GC- was significantly increased compared to not transformed gastric mucosa (p < 0.0001) but not compared to AG/IM in gastric mucosa adjacent to GC. Levels of Bcl-2 were reduced in GC and AG/IM GC- compared to controls as well as in AG/IM GC- compared to AG/IM in mucosa adjacent to GC+ (p < 0.05). Proliferation and apoptosis markers did not correlate with H.pylori status in our study population. CONCLUSIONS In AG/IM associated with GC, no significant changes in the epithelial cell turnover were detected. Decreased Bcl-2 gene expression signified atrophic gastritis and IM in presence of cancer, as well as intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosania
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - M Varbanova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C Langner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Bornschein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - F Giorgio
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - E Ierardi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - P Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Gu L, Zhang J, Shi M, Peng C. The effects of miRNA-1180 on suppression of pancreatic cancer. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2798-2806. [PMID: 28670370 PMCID: PMC5489882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of miR-1180 on pancreatic cancer. We sampled adjacent cancer and carcinoma tissues from 30 pancreatic cancer patients and measured miR-1180 expression by qRT-PCR and NF-κB protein expression by immunohistochemistry. To explore the effects of this miRNA in cell culture, we used pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells that received only vehicle (negative control, NC), miR-1180 mimic, or miR-1180-inhibitor. Cells were treated with cisplatin to induce apoptosis. Proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell invasion, and cell migration were assessed in the three cell groups. The expression levels of relevant proteins (TNIP2, NF-κB, MMP-2, MMP-9, Bax, Bcl-2, p21, and cyclin D1) in each cell group were determined by western blotting. Compared with healthy tissue adjacent to carcinoma tissues, miR-1180 expression in cancer tissues was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). NF-κB protein had a similar expression pattern to miR-1180; miR-1180 expression was positively correlated with NF-κB expression. The invasion and wound healing abilities of miR-1180-inhibited cells were significantly reduced compared with the NC or miR-1180-expressing cells (P<0.05). The cell proliferation rate of miR-1180-inihibited cells was also significantly lower than that of NC or miR-1180-expressing cells (P<0.05), while the cell apoptosis and G1 phase rates of miR-1180-inihibited cells were significantly higher than the NC or miR-1180-expressing cells (P<0.05). In conclusion, suppressing miR-1180 expression may exert anti-cancer effects on pancreatic cancer cells via regulation of TNIP 2/NF-κB signaling and the downstream MMP-2/-9, Bax, Bcl-2, p21, and cyclin D1 factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
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Scheer A, Knauer SK, Verhaegh R. Survivin expression pattern in the intestine of normoxic and ischemic rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:76. [PMID: 28615071 PMCID: PMC5471735 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, regulates mitosis and chromosome segregation. The expression of survivin proceeds during embryonic development and in addition has already been demonstrated in cancer cells. However, there is also evidence of survivin expression in differentiated tissues, including the gastro-intestinal tract of adult rats. A study with human colon specimens exhibited survivin in most basal crypt epithelial cells of normal mucosa. There is rather limited information on survivin expression in the small intestine. In order to paint a more detailed and thus complete picture of survivin expression patterns in the gastrointestinal tract, we used an immunohistochemical approach in normal adult rat small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue. Moreover, to get deeper insights in the regulation of survivin expression after tissue damage, we also studied its expression in mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in male Wistar rats (six animals/group) by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 90 min and subsequent reperfusion for 120 min. Paraffin sections of untreated or ischemically treated tissue were assessed immunohistochemically by survivin and Ki-67 staining. Results Survivin could be detected in the small intestine and ascending colon of the normoxia group. It was expressed mainly in the epithelial cells of the crypts and only marginally in the villi. The individual small intestinal segments studied revealed comparable staining intensities. Likewise, expression of survivin was detected in the ischemically damaged small intestine and ascending colon. The expression pattern corresponded to the normoxic animals, as far as verifiable due to the existing tissue damage. Comparison of the expression pattern of Ki-67, a protein that acts as a cellular marker for proliferation, and survivin demonstrated a coincidental localization of the two proteins in the small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue. Conclusions Survivin was expressed strongly in epithelial cells of small intestinal as well as ascending colonic tissue. Its expression was located in cells with a high proliferation rate and regenerative capacity. This further supports the decisive role of survivin in cell division. Surprisingly, the ischemically damaged small intestinal and ascending colonic tissue showed a comparably high expression level. These results suggest that there is already a maximal survivin expression under normal conditions. However, the intestine is able to maintain the regenerative capacity even in spite of an ischemic injury. These findings reflect the important relevance of an intact intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Scheer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rabea Verhaegh
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany.
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Wu C, Hu S, Cheng J, Wang G, Tao K. Smoothened antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2529-2536. [PMID: 28565875 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway has been proven to be involved in embryonic development and cancer growth. GDC-0449, an antagonist of the hedgehog signaling receptor Smoothened (Smo), was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a prescription for skin basal cell carcinoma. However, the efficacy of GDC-0449 in the treatment of colon cancer and other malignancies, such as basal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, has remained to be proven. The present study assessed the effect of GDC-0449 on the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and Ht-29. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was applied to assess the cell proliferation rate and apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used for analyzing expression levels of target genes. Cell proliferation was inhibited, while apoptosis was increased by GDC-0449, whereas the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), a downstream target of Shh signaling, was decreased. Consistent with the inhibition of Gli1 expression, the cancer stem cell markers CD44 and ALDH were decreased in the presence of GDC-0449. In conclusion, GDC-0449 was shown to inhibit the replication of colon cancer cells and trigger apoptosis through downregulating Bcl-2. This may also influence the stemness of cancer stem cells as indicated by the decreased stem cell surface markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Mondal S, Hazra I, Datta A, Sk Md OF, Moitra S, Tripathi SK, Chaudhuri S. T11TS repress gliomagenic apoptosis of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:269-290. [PMID: 28233371 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Combating gliomagenic global immunosuppression is one of the emerging key for improving prognosis in malignant glioma. Apoptosis plays a pivotal role within the adult hematopoietic system particularly in regulating the cells of immune system. Gliomagenic regulation of apoptotic mediators within bone marrow milieu has not been elucidated. We previously demonstrated that administration of membrane glycopeptides T11 target structure (T11TS) not only rejuvenate bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (BMHSCs) from glioma mediated hibernation by inhibiting gliomagenic overexpression of Ang-1/Tie-2 but also stimulate glioma mediated diminution of expression CD34, c-kit, and Sca-1 markers. In the present study, we investigated the impact of glioma on apoptotic signaling cascades of BMHSCs and consequences following T11TS therapy. Bone marrow smear and Annexin V staining confirm gliomagenic acceleration of apoptotic fate of BMHSCs whereas T11TS treatment in glioma-bearing rats disrupted apoptosis of BMHSCs. Flowcytometry, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence imagining results revealed multi potent T11TS not only significantly downregulates gliomagenic overexpression of Fas, Fas L, Bid, and caspase-8, the pro-apoptotic extrinsic mediators but also strongly inhibits cytosolic release of cytochrome-c, Apf-1, and Bax to deactivate gliomagenic caspase-9, 3 the key intrinsic apoptotic mediators followed by up modulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in glioma associated HSCs. T11TS is also able to diminish the perforin-granzyme B mediated apoptotic verdict of BMHSCs during gliomagenesis. The anti-apoptotic action of T11TS on glioma associated BMHSCs provide a crucial insight into how T11TS exerts its immunomodulatory action against glioma mediated immune devastation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mondal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Iman Hazra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankur Datta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Omar Faruk Sk Md
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Swapna Chaudhuri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Boshra V, Atwa A. Effect of cerebrolysin on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in an experimental rat model of myocardial ischemia. Physiol Int 2016; 103:310-320. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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James SY, Turner A, Colston KW. Induction of Apoptosis in Human Leukaemia Cells is Differentially Regulated by Vitamin D Derivatives and Retinoids. Hematology 2016; 2:289-301. [DOI: 10.1080/10245332.1997.11746348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Turner
- Medical Oncology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, SW17 ORE
| | - Kay W. Colston
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Abstracts. Toxicol Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/019262339202000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gupta A, Jain S, Khurana N, Kakar AK. Expression of p63 and Bcl-2 in Malignant Thyroid Tumors and their Correlation with other Diagnostic Immunocytochemical Markers. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:EC04-8. [PMID: 27630849 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/13899.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bcl-2 is a marker recently studied in thyroid tumours and proposed to have prognostic significance. p63 is expressed in a proportion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cases and may have a role in tumour progression. AIM To study expression of Bcl2 and p63 in thyroid tumours and correlation of Bcl-2 with diagnostic markers including Thyroglobulin, Calcitonin and Carcinoembryonic antigen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytology smears of 35 cases of thyroid cancer were studied over a period of 18 months. In 20 cases histopathology was available. Immunocytochemistry for Bcl-2 and p63 was done, and diagnostic markers were applied as and when required. RESULTS p63 showed focal nuclear expression in 46.1% of papillary thyroid carcinoma cases, and was negative in all other tumours. Bcl-2 was positive in 88.9% of follicular carcinomas, 100% of papillary carcinomas and 83.3% of medullary carcinoma cases, and showed focal weak expression in 40% of Anaplastic Carcinoma (ATC) cases, thereby signifying down regulation (p-value = 0.001). There was significant down regulation of Thyroglobulin (Tg) in ATC vs well differentiated follicular derived tumours (p-value ≤ 0.016). Positive correlation was noted between expression of Bcl-2 and Calcitonin (0.93) and Bcl-2 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) (0.89), and weak positive correlation (0.65) between Tg and Bcl-2. CONCLUSION Bcl-2 is downregulated in anaplastic carcinomas as compared to well differentiated thyroid tumours, and shows correlation with differentiation associated tumour antigens. Thus, loss of Bcl-2 was associated with loss of differentiation in thyroid tumours. Anaplastic carcinoma as such is associated with worse prognosis and loss of Bcl-2 may be partly responsible for the same. p63 is specific but less sensitive marker for PTC. Further studies are required to determine the role of Bcl-2 and p63 in thyroid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashumi Gupta
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital , New Delhi, India
| | - Shyama Jain
- Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Khurana
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar Kakar
- Director Professor, Department of Surgery, Lok Nayak Hospital , New Delhi, India
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Marzano AV, Frezzolini A, Caproni M, Parodi A, Fanoni D, Quaglino P, Girgenti V, La Placa M, Fabbri P, Caputo R, Berti E. Immunohistochemical Expression of Apoptotic Markers in Drug-Induced Erythema Multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 20:557-66. [PMID: 17880768 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are considered to be severity variants of the same disease, which is almost always associated with drug intake. In contrast, erythema multiforme (EM) is a disorder regarded as only rarely caused by drugs. Keratinocyte apoptosis has been shown to play an important part in the pathogenesis of SJS and TEN, whilst its role in EM remains controversial. To determine the expression of apoptosis-associated molecules Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), Bcl-2 and Bax in the above disorders, an immunohistochemical analysis was performed. We studied both lesional skin from thirty patients having drug-induced EM and 5 cases classified within the SJS/TEN spectrum and normal skin samples. We found a keratinocyte overexpression of Fas antigen, an important molecule mediating apoptosis, not only in SJS and TEN but also in EM. Another noteworthy finding was the strong expression of Bcl-2, a protein known as blocking apoptosis, along the basal layer and in the dermal infiltrate both in SJS/TEN and in EM. Taken together, these findings suggest that Fas-dependent keratinocyte apoptosis may play a part in the pathogenesis of both SJS/TEN and EM. Fas-mediated cell death may be partially suppressed by the Bcl-2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Marzano
- Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena of Milan, Italy.
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