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Wang G, Liu Y, Liu S, Lin Y, Hu C. Oncolyic Virotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Lighting a Fire in Winter. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012647. [PMID: 36293504 PMCID: PMC9603894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common cancer of the genitourinary system, prostate cancer (PCa) is a global men's health problem whose treatments are an urgent research issue. Treatment options for PCa include active surveillance (AS), surgery, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, etc. However, as the cancer progresses, the effectiveness of treatment options gradually decreases, especially in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), for which there are fewer therapeutic options and which have a shorter survival period and worse prognosis. For this reason, oncolytic viral therapy (PV), with its exceptional properties of selective tumor killing, relatively good safety in humans, and potential for transgenic delivery, has attracted increasing attention as a new form of anti-tumor strategy for PCa. There is growing evidence that OV not only kills tumor cells directly by lysis but can also activate anticancer immunity by acting on the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby preventing tumor growth. In fact, evidence of the efficacy of this strategy has been observed since the late 19th century. However, subsequently, interest waned. The renewed interest in this therapy was due to advances in biotechnological methods and innovations at the end of the 20th century, which was also the beginning of PCa therapy with OV. Moreover, in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene therapy or immunotherapy, OV viruses can have a wide range of applications and can provide an effective therapeutic result in the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuoru Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 528478, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhong Y, Zhang X, Chong W. Interleukin-24 Immunobiology and Its Roles in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020627. [PMID: 35054813 PMCID: PMC8776082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-24 belongs to the IL-10 family and signals through two receptor complexes, i.e., IL-20RA/IL-20RB and IL-20RB/IL22RA1. It is a multifunctional cytokine that can regulate immune response, tissue homeostasis, host defense, and oncogenesis. Elevation of IL-24 is associated with chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Its pathogenicity has been confirmed by inducing inflammation and immune cell infiltration for tissue damage. However, recent studies also revealed their suppressive functions in regulating immune cells, including T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. The tolerogenic properties of IL-24 were reported in various animal models of autoimmune diseases, suggesting the complex functions of IL-24 in regulating autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the immunoregulatory functions of IL-24 and its roles in autoimmune diseases.
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3
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Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of MDA-7/IL-24: A Ubiquitous Cancer-Suppressing Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010072. [PMID: 35008495 PMCID: PMC8744595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24), a secreted protein of the IL-10 family, was first identified more than two decades ago as a novel gene differentially expressed in terminally differentiating human metastatic melanoma cells. MDA-7/IL-24 functions as a potent tumor suppressor exerting a diverse array of functions including the inhibition of tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and induction of potent "bystander" antitumor activity and synergy with conventional cancer therapeutics. MDA-7/IL-24 induces cancer-specific cell death through apoptosis or toxic autophagy, which was initially established in vitro and in preclinical animal models in vivo and later in a Phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced cancers. This review summarizes the history and our current understanding of the molecular/biological mechanisms of MDA-7/IL-24 action rendering it a potent cancer suppressor.
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4
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Tang Y, Sun X, Wang Y, Luan H, Zhang R, Hu F, Sun X, Li X, Guo J. Role of IL-24 in NK cell activation and its clinical implication in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:2707-2715. [PMID: 33534028 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin (IL)-24 has been considered as an inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune diseases. However, conflicting data exist and its biological function remains controversial. Additionally, little is known about its functional impact on natural killer (NK) cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-24 in NK cell activation and its clinical implication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Serum cohort consisting of 299 SLE patients, 214 RA patients, and 159 healthy controls (HCs) and plasma cohort consisting of 70 SLE patients, 82 RA patients, and 123 HCs were included in evaluating IL-24 concentrations. Impact of IL-24 on NK cell activation was assessed in two NK cell subsets, i.e., CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16- NK cells. Human NK-92 cell line was applied to evaluate functional potential of IL-24 on NK cell migration and invasion. RESULTS Serum and plasma levels of IL-24 were comparable between patients with SLE or RA and HCs. While recombinant human (rh) IL-2 consistently induced an increased expression of CD69 on both CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16- cells derived from both healthy subjects and patients with SLE, IL-24 alone was insufficient to activate the CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells. Similarly, while the migratory NK-92 cell numbers were significantly increased with rhIL-2 stimulation, IL-24 alone was unable to enhance NK-92 cell migratory and invasive capacity. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that there were no significant differences in serum and plasma concentrations of IL-24 between SLE patients and healthy controls. Recombinant IL-24 has no effect on NK cell activation and migration. Key points • This is the first study to investigate functional potential of IL-24 on NK cell activation. • Recombinant IL-24 lacks functional capacity on NK cell activation in either CD56dimCD16+ or CD56brightCD16- NK cell subsets derived from both healthy subjects and patients with SLE. • No significant differences in serum and plasma levels of IL-24 between SLE patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, 465 Zhongshan Road, Liaoning, 116044, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huijie Luan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, 465 Zhongshan Road, Liaoning, 116044, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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5
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Pradhan AK, Maji S, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. MDA-9/Syntenin/SDCBP: new insights into a unique multifunctional scaffold protein. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:769-781. [PMID: 32410111 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis comprises a series of coordinated events that culminate in dissemination of cancer cells to distant sites within the body representing the greatest challenge impeding effective therapy of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated morbidity. Cancer cells exploit multiple genes and pathways to colonize to distant organs. These pathways are integrated and regulated at different levels by cellular- and extracellular-associated factors. Defining the genes and pathways that govern metastasis can provide new targets for therapeutic intervention. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9 (mda-9) (also known as Syntenin-1 and SDCBP (Syndecan binding protein)) was identified by subtraction hybridization as a novel gene displaying differential temporal expression during differentiation of melanoma. MDA-9/Syntenin is an established Syndecan binding protein that functions as an adaptor protein. Expression of MDA-9/Syntenin is elevated at an RNA and protein level in a wide-range of cancers including melanoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and prostate, breast and liver cancer. Expression is increased significantly in metastatic cancer cells as compared with non-metastatic cancer cells or normal cells, which make it an attractive target in treating cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on the role and regulation of mda-9 in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Santanu Maji
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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6
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Robinson KA, Dunn M, Hussey SP, Fritz-Laylin LK. Identification of antibiotics for use in selection of the chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240480. [PMID: 33079945 PMCID: PMC7575076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Global amphibian populations are being decimated by chytridiomycosis, a deadly skin infection caused by the fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal). Although ongoing efforts are attempting to limit the spread of these infections, targeted treatments are necessary to manage the disease. Currently, no tools for genetic manipulation are available to identify and test specific drug targets in these fungi. To facilitate the development of genetic tools in Bd and Bsal, we have tested five commonly used antibiotics with available resistance genes: Hygromycin, Blasticidin, Puromycin, Zeocin, and Neomycin. We have identified effective concentrations of each for selection in both liquid culture and on solid media. These concentrations are within the range of concentrations used for selecting genetically modified cells from a variety of other eukaryotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn A. Robinson
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Mallory Dunn
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Shane P. Hussey
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
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7
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Mitamura Y, Nunomura S, Furue M, Izuhara K. IL-24: A new player in the pathogenesis of pro-inflammatory and allergic skin diseases. Allergol Int 2020; 69:405-411. [PMID: 31980374 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-24 is a member of the IL-20 family of cytokines and is produced by various types of cells, such as CD4+ T cells, NK cells, mast cells, keratinocytes, bronchial epithelial cells, and myofibroblasts. Previous studies suggest that IL-24 plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of pro-inflammatory autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the role of IL-24 in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has been elusive. It has already been reported that IL-24 is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic lung and skin diseases. Moreover, we have recently revealed for the first time the pivotal functions of IL-24 in IL-13-mediated skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis (AD), which is known to be a characteristic of AD caused by Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-13. In this review, we show recent advances in the basic characteristics of IL-24 and its novel functions in the pathogenesis of allergic skin inflammation, focusing on AD. A better understanding of the role of IL-24 in allergic diseases can lead to the development of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Mitamura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
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8
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Wang J, Hu B, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhao Z, Ma X, Shen B, Sun B, Huang X, Hou J, Xia Q. Intracellular XBP1-IL-24 axis dismantles cytotoxic unfolded protein response in the liver. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 31907348 PMCID: PMC6944701 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated cell death is prevalent in various liver diseases. However, the determinant mechanism how hepatocytes survive unresolved stress was still unclear. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) was previously found to promote ER stress-mediated cell death, and yet its expression and function in the liver remained elusive. Here we identified an antiapoptotic role of IL-24, which transiently accumulated within ER-stressed hepatocytes in a X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1)-dependent manner. Disruption of IL-24 increased cell death in the CCL4- or APAP-challenged mouse liver or Tm-treated hepatocytes. In contrast, pharmaceutical blockade of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) or genetical ablation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) restored hepatocyte function in the absence of IL-24. In a clinical setting, patients with acute liver failure manifested a profound decrease of hepatic IL-24 expression, which was associated with disease progression. In conclusion, intrinsic hepatocyte IL-24 maintains ER homeostasis by restricting the eIF2α-CHOP pathway-mediated stress signal, which might be exploited as a bio-index for prognosis or therapeutic intervention in patients with liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bian Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiajie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Pradhan AK, Bhoopathi P, Talukdar S, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Ivanov AI, Fisher PB. Mechanism of internalization of MDA-7/IL-24 protein and its cognate receptors following ligand-receptor docking. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5103-5117. [PMID: 31489119 PMCID: PMC6707942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7/IL-24) is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, with ubiquitous direct and "bystander" tumor-selective killing properties. MDA-7/IL-24 protein binds distinct type II cytokine heterodimeric receptor complexes, IL-20R1/IL-20R2, IL-22R1/IL-20R1 and IL-22R1/IL-20R2. Recombinant MDA-7/IL-24 protein induces endogenous mda-7/IL-24 expression in a receptor-dependent manner; since A549 cells that lack a complete set of cognate receptors are not responsive to exogenous protein. The mechanism of MDA-7/IL-24 ligand-receptor biology is not well understood. We explored the interaction of MDA-7/IL-24 with its' receptors and the consequences of ligand-receptor docking. Using both pharmacological and genetic approaches we demonstrate that MDA-7/IL-24 internalization employs the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway leading to degradation of receptors via the lysosomal/ubiquitin proteosomal pathway. This clathrin-mediated endocytosis is dynamin-dependent. This study resolves a novel mechanism of MDA-7/IL-24 protein "bystander" function, which involves receptor/protein-mediated internalization and receptor degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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10
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Emdad L, Bhoopathi P, Talukdar S, Pradhan AK, Sarkar D, Wang XY, Das SK, Fisher PB. Recent insights into apoptosis and toxic autophagy: The roles of MDA-7/IL-24, a multidimensional anti-cancer therapeutic. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:140-154. [PMID: 31356866 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy play seminal roles in maintaining organ homeostasis. Apoptosis represents canonical type I programmed cell death. Autophagy is viewed as pro-survival, however, excessive autophagy can promote type II cell death. Defective regulation of these two obligatory cellular pathways is linked to various diseases, including cancer. Biologic or chemotherapeutic agents, which can reprogram cancer cells to undergo apoptosis- or toxic autophagy-mediated cell death, are considered effective tools for treating cancer. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7) selectively promotes these effects in cancer cells. mda-7 was identified more than two decades ago by subtraction hybridization showing elevated expression during induction of terminal differentiation of metastatic melanoma cells following treatment with recombinant fibroblast interferon and mezerein (a PKC activating agent). MDA-7 was classified as a member of the IL-10 gene family based on its chromosomal location, and the presence of an IL-10 signature motif and a secretory sequence, and re-named interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24). Multiple studies have established MDA-7/IL-24 as a potent anti-cancer agent, which when administered at supra-physiological levels induces growth arrest and cell death through apoptosis and toxic autophagy in a wide variety of tumor cell types, but not in corresponding normal/non-transformed cells. Furthermore, in a phase I/II clinical trial, MDA-7/IL-24 administered by means of a non-replicating adenovirus was well tolerated and displayed significant clinical activity in patients with multiple advanced cancers. This review examines our current comprehension of the role of MDA-7/IL-24 in mediating cancer-specific cell death via apoptosis and toxic autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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11
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Wang X, Wong K, Ouyang W, Rutz S. Targeting IL-10 Family Cytokines for the Treatment of Human Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028548. [PMID: 29038121 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses during host defense but also in autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although IL-10 itself primarily acts on leukocytes and has potent immunosuppressive functions, other family members preferentially target nonimmune compartments, such as tissue epithelial cells, where they elicit innate defense mechanisms to control viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, protect tissue integrity, and promote tissue repair and regeneration. As cytokines are prime drug targets, IL-10 family cytokines provide great opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, tissue damage, and cancer. Yet no therapy in this space has been approved to date. Here, we summarize the diverse biology of the IL-10 family as it relates to human disease and review past and current strategies and challenges to target IL-10 family cytokines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Kit Wong
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
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12
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Rasoolian M, Kheirollahi M, Hosseini SY. MDA-7/interleukin 24 (IL-24) in tumor gene therapy: application of tumor penetrating/homing peptides for improvement of the effects. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:211-223. [PMID: 30612497 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1566453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MDA-7/Interleukin-24 (IL-24), as a pleiotropic cytokine, exhibits a specific tumor suppression property that has attracted a great deal of attention. While its anti-tumor induction is mostly attributed to endogenous gene expression, attachment of secreted MDA-7/IL-24 to cognate receptors also triggers the death of cancerous cell via different pathways. Therefore, precise targeting of secreted MDA-7/IL-24 to tumor cells would render it more efficacy and specificity. AREAS COVERED In order to target soluble cytokines, particularly MDA-7/IL-24 to the neighbor tumor sites and enhance their therapeutic efficiency, fusing with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) or Tumor homing peptides (THPs) seems logical due to the improvement of their bystander effects. Although the detailed anti-tumor mechanisms of endogenous mda-7/IL-24 have been largely investigated, the significance of the secreted form in these activities and methods of its improving by CPPs or THPs need more discussion. EXPERT OPINION While the employment of CPPs/THPs for the improvement of cytokine gene therapy is desirable, to create fusions of CPPs/THPs with MDA-7/IL-24, some hurdles are not avoidable. Regarding our expertise, herein, the importance of CPPs/THPs, needs for their elegant designing in a fusion structure, and their applications in cytokine gene therapy are discussed with a special focus on mda-7/IL-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rasoolian
- a Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Majid Kheirollahi
- a Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,b Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease School of Medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- c Bacteriology and Virology Department, School of Medicine , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Persaud L, Mighty J, Zhong X, Francis A, Mendez M, Muharam H, Redenti SM, Das D, Aktas BH, Sauane M. IL-24 Promotes Apoptosis through cAMP-Dependent PKA Pathways in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3561. [PMID: 30424508 PMCID: PMC6274865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is a tumor-suppressing protein, which inhibits angiogenesis and induces cancer cell-specific apoptosis. We have shown that IL-24 regulates apoptosis through phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer. Although multiple stresses converge on eIF2α phosphorylation, the cellular outcome is not always the same. In particular, ER stress-induced apoptosis is primarily regulated through the extent of eIF2α phosphorylation and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) action. Our studies show for the first time that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activation is required for IL-24-induced cell death in a variety of breast cancer cell lines and this event increases ATF4 activity. We demonstrate an undocumented role for PKA in regulating IL-24-induced cell death, whereby PKA stimulates phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and upregulates extrinsic apoptotic factors of the Fas/FasL signaling pathway and death receptor 4 expression. We also demonstrate that phosphorylation and nuclear import of tumor suppressor TP53 occurs downstream of IL-24-mediated PKA activation. These discoveries provide the first mechanistic insights into the function of PKA as a key regulator of the extrinsic pathway, ER stress, and TP53 activation triggered by IL-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Persaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
- Biological Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, Room 4315, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Jason Mighty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
- Biological Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, Room 4315, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Xuelin Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
- Biological Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, Room 4315, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ashleigh Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
| | - Marifer Mendez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
| | - Hilal Muharam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
| | - Stephen M Redenti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
- Biological Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, Room 4315, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Dibash Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
- Biological Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, Room 4315, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Bertal Huseyin Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Moira Sauane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
- Biological Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, Room 4315, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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14
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Mitamura Y, Nunomura S, Nanri Y, Ogawa M, Yoshihara T, Masuoka M, Tsuji G, Nakahara T, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Conway SJ, Furue M, Izuhara K. The IL-13/periostin/IL-24 pathway causes epidermal barrier dysfunction in allergic skin inflammation. Allergy 2018. [PMID: 29528494 DOI: 10.1111/all.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrier dysfunction is an important feature of atopic dermatitis (AD) in which IL-4 and IL-13, signature type 2 cytokines, are involved. Periostin, a matricellular protein induced by IL-4 or IL-13, plays a crucial role in the onset of allergic skin inflammation, including barrier dysfunction. However, it remains elusive how periostin causes barrier dysfunction downstream of the IL-13 signal. METHODS We systematically identified periostin-dependent expression profile using DNA microarrays. We then investigated whether IL-24 downregulates filaggrin expression downstream of the IL-13 signals and whether IL-13-induced IL-24 expression and IL-24-induced downregulation of filaggrin expression are dependent on the JAK/STAT pathway. To build on the significance of in vitro findings, we investigated expression of IL-24 and activation of STAT3 in mite-treated mice and in AD patients. RESULTS We identified IL-24 as an IL-13-induced molecule in a periostin-dependent manner. Keratinocytes are the main IL-24-producing tissue-resident cells stimulated by IL-13 in a periostin-dependent manner via STAT6. IL-24 significantly downregulated filaggrin expression via STAT3, contributing to barrier dysfunction downstream of the IL-13/periostin pathway. Wild-type mite-treated mice showed significantly enhanced expression of IL-24 and activation of STAT3 in the epidermis, which disappeared in both STAT6-deficient and periostin-deficient mice, suggesting that these events are downstream of both STAT6 and periostin. Moreover, IL-24 expression was enhanced in the epidermis of skin tissues taken from AD patients. CONCLUSIONS The IL-13/periostin pathway induces IL-24 production in keratinocytes, playing an important role in barrier dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Mitamura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Saga Medical School; Saga Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - S. Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Saga Medical School; Saga Japan
| | - Y. Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Saga Medical School; Saga Japan
| | - M. Ogawa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Saga Medical School; Saga Japan
| | - T. Yoshihara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Saga Medical School; Saga Japan
| | - M. Masuoka
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Saga Medical School; Saga Japan
| | - G. Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - T. Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - A. Hashimoto-Hachiya
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - S. J. Conway
- HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - M. Furue
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - K. Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Saga Medical School; Saga Japan
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15
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Lubkowski J, Sonmez C, Smirnov SV, Anishkin A, Kotenko SV, Wlodawer A. Crystal Structure of the Labile Complex of IL-24 with the Extracellular Domains of IL-22R1 and IL-20R2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2082-2093. [PMID: 30111632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure of the ternary complex of human IL-24 with two receptors, IL-22R1 and IL-20R2, has been determined at 2.15 Å resolution. A crystallizable complex was created by a novel approach involving fusing the ligand with a flexible linker to the presumed low-affinity receptor, and coexpression of this construct in Drosophila S2 cells together with the presumed high-affinity receptor. This approach, which may be generally applicable to other multiprotein complexes with low-affinity components, was necessitated by the instability of IL-24 expressed by itself in either bacteria or insect cells. Although IL-24 expressed in Escherichia coli was unstable and precipitated almost immediately upon its refolding and purification, a small fraction of IL-24 remaining in the folded state was shown to be active in a cell-based assay. In the crystal structure presented here, we found that two cysteine residues in IL-24 do not form a predicted disulfide bond. Lack of structural restraint by disulfides, present in other related cytokines, is most likely reason for the low stability of IL-24. Although the contact area between IL-24 and IL-22R1 is larger than between the cytokine and IL-20R2, calculations show the latter interaction to be slightly more stable, suggesting that the shared receptor (IL-20R2) might be the higher-affinity receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Lubkowski
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702;
| | - Cem Sonmez
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Sergey V Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey at University Hospital, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103; and
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Biology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey at University Hospital, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103; and
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
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16
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Li T, Kang G, Wang T, Huang H. Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic gene therapy for cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:687-702. [PMID: 29963134 PMCID: PMC6019900 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When Folkman first suggested a theory about the association between angiogenesis and tumor growth in 1971, the hypothesis of targeting angiogenesis to treat cancer was formed. Since then, various studies conducted across the world have additionally confirmed the theory of Folkman, and numerous efforts have been made to explore the possibilities of curing cancer by targeting angiogenesis. Among them, anti-angiogenic gene therapy has received attention due to its apparent advantages. Although specific problems remain prior to cancer being fully curable using anti-angiogenic gene therapy, several methods have been explored, and progress has been made in pre-clinical and clinical settings over previous decades. The present review aimed to provide up-to-date information concerning tumor angiogenesis and gene delivery systems in anti-angiogenic gene therapy, with a focus on recent developments in the study and application of the most commonly studied and newly identified anti-angiogenic candidates for anti-angiogenesis gene therapy, including interleukin-12, angiostatin, endostatin, tumstatin, anti-angiogenic metargidin peptide and endoglin silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglu Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Guangbo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Tingyue Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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17
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Kim JY, Kim JC, Lee JY, Park MJ. Oct4 suppresses IR‑induced premature senescence in breast cancer cells through STAT3- and NF‑κB-mediated IL‑24 production. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:47-58. [PMID: 29749438 PMCID: PMC5958730 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small subpopulation of breast cancer cells that have been proposed to be a primary cause of failure of therapies, including ionizing radiation (IR). Their embryonic stem-like signature is associated with poor clinical outcome. In the present study, the function of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), an embryonic stem cell factor, in the resistance of BCSCs to IR was investigated. Mammosphere cells exhibited increased expression of stemness-associated genes, including Oct4 and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), and were more resistant to IR compared with serum-cultured monolayer cells. IR-resistant MCF7 cells also exhibited significantly increased expression of Oct4. To investigate the possible involvement of Oct4 in IR resistance of breast cancer cells, cells were transfected with Oct4. Ectopic expression of Oct4 increased the clonogenic survival of MCF7 cells following IR, which was reversed by treatment with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Oct4. Oct4 expression decreased phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) focus formation and suppressed IR-induced premature senescence in these cells. Mammosphere, IR-resistant and Oct4-overexpressing MCF7 cells exhibited enhanced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) (Tyr705) and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and blockade of these pathways with siRNA against STAT3 and/or specific inhibitors of STAT3 and NF-κB significantly increased IR-induced senescence. Secretome analysis revealed that Oct4 upregulated interleukin 24 (IL-24) expression through STAT3 and NF-κB signaling, and siRNA against IL-24 increased IR-induced senescence, whereas recombinant human IL-24 suppressed it. The results of the present study indicated that Oct4 confers IR resistance on breast cancer cells by suppressing IR-induced premature senescence through STAT3- and NF-κB-mediated IL-24 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yub Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chul Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
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18
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Abstract
Subtraction hybridization identified genes displaying differential expression as metastatic human melanoma cells terminally differentiated and lost tumorigenic properties by treatment with recombinant fibroblast interferon and mezerein. This approach permitted cloning of multiple genes displaying enhanced expression when melanoma cells terminally differentiated, called melanoma differentiation associated (mda) genes. One mda gene, mda-7, has risen to the top of the list based on its relevance to cancer and now inflammation and other pathological states, which based on presence of a secretory sequence, chromosomal location, and an IL-10 signature motif has been named interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24). Discovered in the early 1990s, MDA-7/IL-24 has proven to be a potent, near ubiquitous cancer suppressor gene capable of inducing cancer cell death through apoptosis and toxic autophagy in cancer cells in vitro and in preclinical animal models in vivo. In addition, MDA-7/IL-24 embodied profound anticancer activity in a Phase I/II clinical trial following direct injection with an adenovirus (Ad.mda-7; INGN-241) in tumors in patients with advanced cancers. In multiple independent studies, MDA-7/IL-24 has been implicated in many pathological states involving inflammation and may play a role in inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, and viral infection. This review provides an up-to-date review on the multifunctional gene mda-7/IL-24, which may hold potential for the therapy of not only cancer, but also other pathological states.
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19
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Kawada S, Nagasawa Y, Kawabe M, Ohyama H, Kida A, Kato-Kogoe N, Nanami M, Hasuike Y, Kuragano T, Kishimoto H, Nakasho K, Nakanishi T. Iron-induced calcification in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells through interleukin-24 (IL-24), with/without TNF-alpha. Sci Rep 2018; 8:658. [PMID: 29330517 PMCID: PMC5766506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In CKD patients, arteriosclerotic lesions, including calcification, can occur in vascular smooth muscle cells in a process called Moenckeberg's medial arteriosclerosis. Iron overload induces several complications, including the acceleration of arteriosclerosis. However, the relationship between Moenckeberg's arteriosclerosis in vascular smooth muscle cells and iron accumulation has remained unknown. We tested the accelerated effect of iron on calcification in cultured human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). After establishment of this model, we performed a microarray analysis using mRNA from early stage culture HASMCs after iron stimulation with or without TNF-alpha stimulation. The role of interleukin-24 (IL-24) was confirmed from candidate genes that might contribute to calcification. HASMCs demonstrated calcification induced by iron and TNF-alpha. Calcification of HASMCs was synergistically enhanced by stimulation with both iron and TNF-alpha. In the early phase of calcification, microarray analysis revealed up-regulation of IL-24. Stimulation of HASMCs by IL-24 instead of iron induced calcification. The anti-IL-24 antibody reversed the effect of IL-24, supporting the important role of IL-24 in HASMCs calcification. In conclusion, iron-induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells occurred via IL-24, IL-24 was increased during the calcification process induced by iron, and IL-24 itself caused calcification in the absence of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Kawada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagasawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Mutsuki Kawabe
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohyama
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Aritoshi Kida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kato-Kogoe
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nanami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hasuike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuragano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kishimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakasho
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakanishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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20
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Shabgah AG, Navashenaq JG, Shabgah OG, Mohammadi H, Sahebkar A. Interleukin-22 in human inflammatory diseases and viral infections. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:1209-1218. [PMID: 29037907 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL22) is one of the members of IL10 family. Elevated levels of this cytokine can be seen in diseases caused by T lymphocytes, such as Psoriasis, Rheumatoid arthritis, interstitial lung diseases. IL22 is produced by different cells in both innate and acquired immunities. Different types of T cells are able to produce IL22, but the major IL22-producing T-cell is the TCD4. TH22 cell is a new line of TCD4 cells, which differentiated from naive T cells in the presence of TNFα and IL6; 50% of peripheral blood IL22 is produced by these cells. IL22 has important functions in host defense at mucosal surfaces as well as in tissue repair. In this review, we assess the current understanding of this cytokine and focus on the possible roles of IL-22 in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Blood Borne Infections Research Center, AcademicCenter for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch,Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Gohari Shabgah
- Parasitology Department, Medical sciencesfaculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- ImmunologyResearch Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- BiotechnologyResearch Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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21
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small 19-22 nucleotide long, noncoding, single-stranded, and multifunctional RNAs that regulate a diverse assortment of gene and protein functions that impact on a vast network of pathways. Lin-4, a noncoding transcript discovered in 1993 and named miRNA, initiated the exploration of research into these intriguing molecules identified in almost all organisms. miRNAs interfere with translation or posttranscriptional regulation of their target gene and regulate multiple biological actions exerted by these target genes. In cancer, they function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes displaying differential activity in various cellular contexts. Although the role of miRNAs on target gene functions has been extensively investigated, less is currently known about the upstream regulatory molecules that regulate miRNAs. This chapter focuses on the factors and processes involved in miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Pradhan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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22
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The pattern of IL-24/mda-7 and its cognate receptors expression following activation of human hepatic stellate cells. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:173-178. [PMID: 28804632 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the pivotal event during liver fibrosis. Interleukin (IL)-24/melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7) has attracted attention in the pathophysiology of some diseases, while its role in activation/suppression of human HSCs is still unclear. It is important to elucidate whether the expression levels of the IL-24/mda-7 protein and its receptors in HSC cells are changed following activation. LX-2 cells, a human hepatic stellate cell line were activated by a combination of leptin and serum starvation. The activation state was evaluated through measuring the mRNA expression of profibrotic molecules, collagen-I, TIMP metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 and transforming growth factor-β. The expression of IL-24/mda-7 was assessed in mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and ELISA methods, respectively. Hence, the amount of IL-22R1 and IL-20R2 subunit expression was also compared in activated and normal LX-2 cells by RT-qPCR. The expression level of IL-24/mda-7 and its cognate receptors was detectable both in the normal and activated LX-2 cell line. Furthermore, in activated LX-2, a significant increase of IL24 expression either on IL-22R1 and IL-20R2 subunits was also noticeable in comparison to normal cells. The activation state of LX-2 cells caused significant changes of IL-24/mda-7 and its receptors expression. In addition, the elevation in IL-24/mda-7 during LX-2 cell activation, suggested that IL-24/mda-7 and its cognate receptors serve a possible role in the development of the fibrosis process. Therefore, IL-24/mda-7 and relevant signaling pathways may be employed as a target for fibrosis treatment.
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Xu DH, Zhu Z, Xiao H, Wakefield MR, Bai Q, Nicholl MB, Ding VA, Fang Y. Unveil the mysterious mask of cytokine-based immunotherapy for melanoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 394:43-51. [PMID: 28254411 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of death among all skin cancers and its incidence continues to rise rapidly worldwide in the past decades. The available treatment options for melanoma remain limited despite extensive clinical research. Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor and great advances in immunology in recent decades allow for the development of immunotherapeutic agents against melanoma. In recent years, immunotherapy utilizing cytokines has been particularly successful in certain cancers and holds promise for patients with advanced melanoma. In this review, an overview of the current status and emerging perspectives on cytokine immunotherapy for melanoma are discussed in details. Such a study will be helpful to unveil the mysterious mask of cytokine-based immunotherapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixon H Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Huaping Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | - Vivi A Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Pradhan AK, Talukdar S, Bhoopathi P, Shen XN, Emdad L, Das SK, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. mda-7/IL-24 Mediates Cancer Cell-Specific Death via Regulation of miR-221 and the Beclin-1 Axis. Cancer Res 2016; 77:949-959. [PMID: 27940575 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/IL-24 (mda-7/IL-24) displays broad-spectrum anticancer activity in vitro, in vivo in preclinical animal models, and in a phase I/II clinical trial in patients with advanced cancers without harming normal cells or tissues. Here we demonstrate that mda-7/IL-24 regulates a specific subset of miRNAs, including cancer-associated miR-221. Either ectopic expression of mda-7/IL-24 or treatment with recombinant His-MDA-7 protein resulted in downregulation of miR-221 and upregulation of p27 and PUMA in a panel of cancer cells, culminating in cell death. Mda-7/IL-24-induced cancer cell death was dependent on reactive oxygen species induction and was rescued by overexpression of miR-221. Beclin-1 was identified as a new transcriptional target of miR-221, and mda-7/IL-24 regulated autophagy through a miR-221/beclin-1 feedback loop. In a human breast cancer xenograft model, miR-221-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 clones were more aggressive and resistant to mda-7/IL-24-mediated cell death than parental clones. This is the first demonstration that mda-7/IL-24 directly regulates miRNA expression in cancer cells and highlights the novelty of the mda-7/IL-24-miR-221-beclin-1 loop in mediating cancer cell-specific death. Cancer Res; 77(4); 949-59. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia. .,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Xu L, Cao Y. Native musk and synthetic musk ketone strongly induced the growth repression and the apoptosis of cancer cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:511. [PMID: 27931220 PMCID: PMC5146870 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Musk is widely used in clinical practice for its anti-cancer properties. Here, we treated various types of cancer using musk to determine which cancers are sensitive to musk treatment. We also compared effects of native musk and synthetic musk ketone in cancer cells. Furthermore, we investigated mechanisms underlying effects of musk. Methods Twenty two cancer cell lines were treated with musk. Cell proliferation and apoptosis analyses were carried out. Native musk and synthetic musk ketone were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) assay. Differentially expressed genes were determined by microarray and quantitative real–time polymerase chain reaction. Results Native musk strongly induced the growth repression and the apoptosis in the majority of cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, but distinct types of cancer showed significantly different reactions. Cancer cells which originated from epithelial cells showed higher sensitivity for musk treatment. By contrast, leukaemia and lymphoma cells were not sensitive. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that native musk contains more than 30 contents in which musk ketone is a major component; synthetic musk ketone was consistent with natural musk ketone, and the used sample of synthetic musk ketone contained only sole component. Similar to native musk, synthetic musk ketone induced the growth repression and the apoptosis of cancer cells. Additionally, numerous genes were differentially expressed in lung cancer cells after native musk treatment. These differentially expressed genes were involved in many signalling pathways. Among these pathways, apoptosis-related pathways included interleukin family, tumor necrosis factor family, and MAPK signalling pathway. Native musk and synthetic musk ketone can up-regulate IL-24 (interleukin family) and DDIT3 (MAPK signalling pathway) in lung cancer cells. Conclusions This research provided strong evidence that native musk and synthetic musk ketone can induce the growth repression and the apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the selection of sensitive cancer patient for individualized treatment is a key step in clinical application. Synthetic musk ketone can substitute for native musk to treat cancer patients. Musk might induce the growth repression and the apoptosis of lung cancer cells through up-regulating IL-24 and DDIT3 expressions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1493-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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26
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Li YJ, Liu G, Xia L, Xiao X, Liu JC, Menezes ME, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, Archer MC, Zacksenhaus E, Ben-David Y. Suppression of Her2/Neu mammary tumor development in mda-7/IL-24 transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36943-54. [PMID: 26460950 PMCID: PMC4741907 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) encodes a tumor suppressor gene implicated in the growth of various tumor types including breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that recombinant adenovirus-mediated mda-7/IL-24 expression in the mammary glands of carcinogen-treated (methylnitrosourea, MNU) rats suppressed mammary tumor development. Since most MNU-induced tumors in rats contain activating mutations in Ha-ras, which arenot frequently detected in humans, we presently examined the effect of MDA-7/IL-24 on Her2/Neu-induced mammary tumors, in which the RAS pathway is induced. We generated tet-inducible MDA-7/IL-24 transgenic mice and crossed them with Her2/Neu transgenic mice. Triple compound transgenic mice treated with doxycycline exhibited a strong inhibition of tumor development, demonstrating tumor suppressor activity by MDA-7/IL-24 in immune-competent mice. MDA-7/IL-24 induction also inhibited growth of tumors generated following injection of Her2/Neu tumor cells isolated from triple compound transgenic mice that had not been treated with doxycycline, into the mammary fat pads of isogenic FVB mice. Despite initial growth suppression, tumors in triple compound transgenic mice lost mda-7/IL-24 expression and grew, albeit after longer latency, indicating that continuous presence of this cytokine within tumor microenvironment is crucial to sustain tumor inhibitory activity. Mechanistically, MDA-7/IL-24 exerted its tumor suppression effect on HER2+ breast cancer cells, at least in part, through PERP, a member of PMP-22 family with growth arrest and apoptosis-inducing capacity. Overall, our results establish mda-7/IL-24 as a suppressor of mammary tumor development and provide a rationale for using this cytokine in the prevention/treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jun Li
- Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Xia
- Division of Biology, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Biology, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Jeff C Liu
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitchell E Menezes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael C Archer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Biology, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
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Screening and identification of proteins interacting with IL-24 by the yeast two-hybrid screen, Co-IP, and FRET assays. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:318-27. [PMID: 26930462 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is an ideal tumor-suppressor gene, but the mechanisms underlying its antitumor specificity remain to be elucidated. The best way to investigate these problems is to begin from the initiation of corresponding signaling cascades activated by IL-24 with screening and identifying those proteins that interacted with IL-24. With the aim of identifying these initial interactions, a yeast two-hybrid screening was performed by transforming AH109 cells containing PGBKT7-IL-24 with a liver cDNA plasmid library. These cells were then plated on synthetic nutrient medium (SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His) for the first screening and on quadruple dropout medium containing X-α-gal for the second screening. Positive colonies were further verified by repeating the MATE experiments, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays in vitro. Following the yeast two-hybrid screening, 15 genes were selected for sequencing, with two genes, HLA-C and NDUFA13, further verified using Co-IP assays and FRET assays. Both HLA-C and NDUFA13 were found to interact with IL-24. We found that HLA-C and NDUFA13 could interact with IL-24 and it may be involved in the signal induced by IL-24. Overall, this study contributes further insight into the cancer-specific apoptosis-inducing abilities of IL-24 to potentially enhance its therapeutic potential, and it also provides outlets for other biological functions of IL-24.
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28
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Bina S, Shenavar F, Khodadad M, Haghshenas MR, Mortazavi M, Fattahi MR, Erfani N, Hosseini SY. Impact of RGD Peptide Tethering to IL24/mda-7 (Melanoma Differentiation Associated Gene-7) on Apoptosis Induction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:6073-80. [PMID: 26320498 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7)/interleukin-24 (IL-24), a unique tumor suppressor gene, has killing activity in a broad spectrum of cancer cells. Herein, plasmids producing mda-7 proteins fused to different RGD peptides (full RGD4C and shortened RGD, tRGD) were evaluated for apoptosis induction with a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Hep-G2. The study aim was to improve the apoptosis potency of mda-7 by tethering to RGD peptides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three plasmids including mda-7, mda-7-RGD and mda-7-tRGD genes beside a control vector were transfected into Hep-G2 cells. After 72 hours incubation, cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. In addition, the rate of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using PI/annexin staining. To detect early events in apoptosis, 18 hours after transfection, expression of the BAX gene was quantified by real time PCR. Modeling of proteins was also performed to extrapolate possible consequences of RGD modification on their structures and subsequent attachment to receptors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In MTT assays, while all mda-7 forms showed measurable inhibition of proliferation, unmodified mda-7 protein exhibited most significant effect compared to control plasmid (P<0.001). Again, flow cytometry analysis showed a significant apoptosis induction by simple mda-7 gene but not for those RGD-fused mda-7 proteins. These findings were also supported by expression analysis of BAX gene (P<0.001). Protein modelling analysis revealed that tethering RGD at the end of IL-24/Mda7 disrupt attachment to cognate receptor, IL-20R1/ IL-20R2. In conclusion, fusion of RGD4C and shortened RGD peptides to carboxyl terminal of mda7, not only reduce apoptosis property in vitro but also disrupt receptor attachment as demonstrated by protein modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Bina
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center (GEHRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran E-mail : ,
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Hu CW, Yin GF, Wang XR, Ren BW, Zhang WG, Bai QL, Lv YM, Li WL, Zhao WQ. IL-24 Induces Apoptosis via Upregulation of RNA-Activated Protein Kinase and Enhances Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis in Glioma Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 22:159-65. [PMID: 26168134 PMCID: PMC7838440 DOI: 10.3727/096504015x14298122915628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-24 (IL-24) has been found recently to play a tumor-suppressor role in a variety of tumors, including gliomas. However, the exact mechanism of glioma tumor suppression by IL-24 remains unclear. We collected by surgery 30 gliomas at different grades and evaluated IL-24 and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) expression using fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. Two human glioma cell lines, U87 and U251, were transfected with Ad5F35-IL24 via recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and apoptosis, as well as PKR and eIF-2α expression analyzed. The results showed that IL-24 and PKR expression decreased with increasing tumor grade. Compared with cells of the control groups, Ad5F35-IL24-infected U87 and U251 cells exhibited a significantly increased apoptosis and elevated PKR, eIF-2α, p-PKR, and p-eIF-2α levels, while the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. Finally, IL-24 also sensitized apoptosis of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ). This study indicates that IL-24 upregulates expression and activation of PKR, further increasing expression and activation of eIF-2α, and decreasing Bcl-2 to promote apoptosis. IL-24 also increases chemosensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wei Hu
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Lv J. The IL-24 gene protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against H₂O₂-induced injury and may be useful as a treatment for cardiovascular disease. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:581-92. [PMID: 26820392 PMCID: PMC4771102 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of interleukin-24 (IL-24) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced vascular endothelial injury and to examine the association between IL-24 and cardiovascular disease. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to increasing concentrations of H2O2 in the presence or absence of IL-24, which was introduced via Lipofectamine® 2000-mediated transfection. The successful uptake of the IL-24 plasmid was confirmed by RT-PCR at 24 h post-transfection. The effects of H2O2 and IL-24 on the proliferation and migration of the HUVECs was determined using cell migration assays. Cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Apoptosis and the measurement of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of caspase-3, which is associated with apoptosis, were determined by western blot analysis. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were also used to measure the levels of multiple cardiovascular disease-associated factors. In vivo experiments were also performed using a rat model of hypertension which was constructed by angiotensin II infusion using an osmotic pump. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-24 were measured in both the control and hypertensive rats; the effects of treatment with enalapril and nifedipine on the IL-24 levels were also examined. Our results revealed that IL-24 protected against the H2O2-mediated abnormal increase in HUVEC proliferation. IL-24 also antagonized H2O2 by reducing the content of ROS in the cells, thus decreasing cellular oxidative damage, improving the cellular survival rate, reducing apoptosis and decreasing the expression of cardiovascular disease-related factors. The results from our in vivo animal experiments revealed that IL-24 expression was lower in the hypertensive rats compared to the healthy controls. Additionally, the IL-24 levels increased following anti-hypertensive therapy. The findings of our study indicate that IL-24 protects against H2O2-mediated endothelial cell damage and may thus provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Bank of China Shanxi Branch, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiyuan Lv
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
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Menezes ME, Shen XN, Das SK, Emdad L, Guo C, Yuan F, Li YJ, Archer MC, Zacksenhaus E, Windle JJ, Subler MA, Ben-David Y, Sarkar D, Wang XY, Fisher PB. MDA-7/IL-24 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in vivo in transgenic mouse models of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36928-42. [PMID: 26474456 PMCID: PMC4741906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/Interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24) is a novel member of the IL-10 gene family that selectively induces apoptosis and toxic autophagy in a broad spectrum of human cancers, including breast cancer, without harming normal cells or tissues. The ability to investigate the critical events underlying cancer initiation and progression, as well as the capacity to test the efficacy of novel therapeutics, has been significantly advanced by the development of genetically engineered mice (GEMs) that accurately recapitulate specific human cancers. We utilized three transgenic mouse models to better comprehend the in vivo role of MDA-7/IL-24 in breast cancer. Using the MMTV-PyMT spontaneous mammary tumor model, we confirmed that exogenously introducing MDA-7/IL-24 using a Cancer Terminator Virus caused a reduction in tumor burden and also produced an antitumor "bystander" effect. Next we performed xenograft studies in a newly created MMTV-MDA-7 transgenic model that over-expresses MDA-7/IL-24 in the mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation, and found that MDA-7/IL-24 overexpression delayed tumor growth following orthotopic injection of a murine PDX tumor cell line (mPDX) derived from a tumor formed in an MMTV-PyMT mouse. We also crossed the MMTV-MDA-7 line to MMTV-Erbb2 transgenic mice and found that MDA-7/IL-24 overexpression delayed the onset of mammary tumor development in this model of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis as well. Finally, we assessed the role of MDA-7/IL-24 in immune regulation, which can potentially contribute to tumor suppression in vivo. Our findings provide further direct in vivo evidence for the role of MDA-7/IL-24 in tumor suppression in breast cancer in immune-competent transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E. Menezes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - You-Jun Li
- Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Michael C. Archer
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jolene J. Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark A. Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Biology, the Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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32
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Das SK, Menezes ME, Bhatia S, Wang XY, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Gene Therapies for Cancer: Strategies, Challenges and Successes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:259-71. [PMID: 25196387 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, which involves replacement of a defective gene with a functional, healthy copy of that gene, is a potentially beneficial cancer treatment approach particularly over chemotherapy, which often lacks selectivity and can cause non-specific toxicity. Despite significant progress pre-clinically with respect to both enhanced targeting and expression in a tumor-selective manner several hurdles still prevent success in the clinic, including non-specific expression, low-efficiency delivery and biosafety. Various innovative genetic approaches are under development to reconstruct vectors/transgenes to make them safer and more effective. Utilizing cutting-edge delivery technologies, gene expression can now be targeted in a tissue- and organ-specific manner. With these advances, gene therapy is poised to become amenable for routine cancer therapy with potential to elevate this methodology as a first line therapy for neoplastic diseases. This review discusses recent advances in gene therapy and their impact on a pre-clinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mitchell E Menezes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Khodadad M, Hosseini SY, Shenavar F, Erfani N, Bina S, Ahmadian S, Fattahi MR, Hajhosseini R. Construction of expressing vectors including melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7) fused with the RGD sequences for better tumor targeting. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:780-7. [PMID: 26557967 PMCID: PMC4633461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Up to now, many researches have been performed to improve the antitumoral effect of melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7) protein. The purpose of our research was to construct 3 expression vectors producing mda-7 in fusion with RGD (Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid) peptide and evaluate their expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS mda-7 gene with two different RGD sequences was amplified by PCR then was cloned by TA-cloning system. The colonies including these genes were selected by blue-white screening, colony PCR, and sequencing, respectively. Afterward, the genes were sub-cloned into the expression vector following confirmation by colony PCR and sequencing. In addition, these constructs were transfected into 293 and Huh-7 cells for further expression analysis. The mda-7 gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and IF (immunofluorescence assay). DNA laddering test and trypan blue exclusion assays were performed to screen cytotoxicity of prepared plasmids. RESULTS Three different mda-7 genes with terminal RGD peptide were cloned correctly into the expression vectors and their expression was confirmed to be suitable by RT-PCR and IF assay. It was shown that expressions were limited to those transfected, GFP shining cells. No significant cytotoxicity was observed by simple assays in all plasmid treated cells. In expressing cells, all forms of mda-7 protein were localized mainly around ER prenuclear compartment while GFP protein was distributed evenly among them. CONCLUSION Theoretically RGD tagged mda-7 would be able to induce apoptosis with more specificity and stronger than the standard one, therefore, these new constructs may have the potential for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Khodadad
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shenavar
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Cancer Immunology Research Group, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Bina
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Hajhosseini
- Department Of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran Shargh Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Sarkar S, Quinn BA, Shen X, Dent P, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Reversing translational suppression and induction of toxicity in pancreatic cancer cells using a chemoprevention gene therapy approach. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:286-95. [PMID: 25452327 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), a potent antitumor cytokine, shows cancer-specific toxicity in a vast array of human cancers, inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, toxic autophagy, an antitumor immune response, an antiangiogenic effect, and a significant "bystander" anticancer effect that leads to enhanced production of this cytokine through autocrine and paracrine loops. Unfortunately, mda-7/IL-24 application in pancreatic cancer has been restricted because of a "translational block" occurring after Ad.5-mda-7 gene delivery. Our previous research focused on developing approaches to overcome this block and increase the translation of the MDA-7/IL-24 protein, thereby promoting its subsequent toxic effects in pancreatic cancer cells. We demonstrated that inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) after adenoviral infection of mda-7/IL-24 leads to greater translation into MDA-7/IL-24 protein and results in toxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. In this study we demonstrate that a novel chimeric serotype adenovirus, Ad.5/3-mda-7, displays greater efficacy in delivering mda-7/IL-24 compared with Ad.5-mda-7, although overall translation of the protein still remains low. We additionally show that d-limonene, a dietary monoterpene known to induce ROS, is capable of overcoming the translational block when used in combination with adenoviral gene delivery. This novel combination results in increased polysome association of mda-7/IL-24 mRNA, activation of the preinitiation complex of the translational machinery in pancreatic cancer cells, and culminates in mda-7/IL-24-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (S.S., B.A.Q., X.S., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.D.), VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (P.D., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), and VCU Massey Cancer Center (P.D., L.E., D.S. P.B.F.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bridget A Quinn
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (S.S., B.A.Q., X.S., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.D.), VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (P.D., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), and VCU Massey Cancer Center (P.D., L.E., D.S. P.B.F.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xuening Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (S.S., B.A.Q., X.S., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.D.), VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (P.D., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), and VCU Massey Cancer Center (P.D., L.E., D.S. P.B.F.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (S.S., B.A.Q., X.S., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.D.), VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (P.D., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), and VCU Massey Cancer Center (P.D., L.E., D.S. P.B.F.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (S.S., B.A.Q., X.S., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.D.), VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (P.D., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), and VCU Massey Cancer Center (P.D., L.E., D.S. P.B.F.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (S.S., B.A.Q., X.S., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.D.), VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (P.D., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), and VCU Massey Cancer Center (P.D., L.E., D.S. P.B.F.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (S.S., B.A.Q., X.S., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.D.), VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (P.D., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), and VCU Massey Cancer Center (P.D., L.E., D.S. P.B.F.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (S.S., B.A.Q., X.S., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.D.), VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (P.D., S.K.D., L.E., D.S., P.B.F.), and VCU Massey Cancer Center (P.D., L.E., D.S. P.B.F.), Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Sandey M, Bird RC, Das SK, Sarkar D, Curiel DT, Fisher PB, Smith BF. Characterization of the canine mda-7 gene, transcripts and expression patterns. Gene 2014; 547:23-33. [PMID: 24865935 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) displays potent growth suppressing and cell killing activity against a wide variety of human and rodent cancer cells. In this study, we identified a canine ortholog of the human mda-7/IL-24 gene located within a cluster of IL-10 family members on chromosome 7. The full-length mRNA sequence of canine mda-7 was determined, which encodes a 186-amino acid protein that has 66% similarity to human MDA-7/IL-24. Canine MDA-7 is constitutively expressed in cultured normal canine epidermal keratinocytes (NCEKs), and its expression levels are increased after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In cultured NCEKs, the canine mda-7 pre-mRNA is differentially spliced, via exon skipping and alternate 5'-splice donor sites, to yield five splice variants (canine mda-7sv1, canine mda-7sv2, canine mda-7sv3, canine mda-7sv4 and canine mda-7sv5) that encode four protein isoforms of the canine MDA-7 protein. These protein isoforms have a conserved N-terminus (signal peptide sequence) and are dissimilar in amino acid sequences at their C-terminus. Canine MDA-7 is not expressed in primary canine tumor samples, and most tumor derived cancer cell lines tested, like its human counterpart. Unlike human MDA-7/IL-24, canine mda-7 mRNA is not expressed in unstimulated or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concanavalin A (ConA) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, in-silico analysis revealed that canonical canine MDA-7 has a potential 28 amino acid signal peptide sequence that can target it for active secretion. This data suggests that canine mda-7 is indeed an ortholog of human mda-7/IL-24, its protein product has high amino acid similarity to human MDA-7/IL-24 protein and it may possess similar biological properties to human MDA-7/IL-24, but its expression pattern is more restricted than its human ortholog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Sandey
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - R Curtis Bird
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA.
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Wang L, Feng Z, Wu H, Zhang S, Pu Y, Bian H, Wang Y, Guo C. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 as a potential prognostic biomarker and second primary malignancy indicator in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10977-85. [PMID: 25091574 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate and evaluate the clinical significance of MDA-7/IL-24 expression in HNSCC by detecting expression by immunostaining in 131 HNSCC specimens. The function of MDA-7/IL-24 was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot in Ad5.mda-7-infected HNSCC cell lines. Our results showed that MDA-7/IL-24 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of HNSCC cells. MDA-7/IL-24 high patients presented with a favorable postoperative prognosis compared with MDA-7/IL-24 low patients, and high expression of MDA-7/IL-24 was significantly correlated with a lower incidence of second primary malignancies (SPMs) in the head and neck regions. In vitro assays showed that high expression of MDA-7/IL-24 could upregulate the expression of the epithelial terminal differentiation markers cytokeratin (KRT) 1, KRT4, KRT13, phosphorylated endoplasmic reticulum stress protein (p)-EIF2a, and the apoptosis-related protein cleaved caspase-3. It also downregulated the epithelial proliferative markers KRT5, KRT14, Integrin β4, and anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, which might be partially involved in the underlying mechanisms of Ad.mda-7-mediated HNSCC differentiation and apoptosis. Our results indicate that MDA-7/IL-24 can be a prognostic biomarker and an indicator of second primary malignancies (SPM) in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Jiang G, Yang CS, Xu D, Sun C, Zheng JN, Lei TC, Liu YQ. Potent anti-tumour activity of a novel conditionally replicating adenovirus for melanoma via inhibition of migration and invasion. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2496-505. [PMID: 24714752 PMCID: PMC4021521 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) represent a novel class of oncological therapeutic agents. One strategy to ensure tumour targeting is to place the essential viral genes under the control of tumour-specific promoters. Ki67 has been selected as a cancer gene therapy target, as it is expressed in most malignant cells but is barely detectable in most normal cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a Ki67 promoter-controlled CRAd (Ki67-ZD55-IL-24) on the proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cells. Methods: Melanoma cells were independently treated with Ki67-ZD55-IL-24, ZD55-IL-24, Ki67-ZD55, and ZD55-EGFP. The cytotoxic potential of each treatment was assessed using cell viability measurements. Cell migration and invasion were assayed using cell migration and invasion assays. Apoptosis was assayed using the annexin V-FITC assay, western blotting, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT–PCR), haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the TUNEL assay. Results: Our results showed that Ki67-ZD55-IL-24 had significantly enhanced anti-tumour activity as it more effectively induced apoptosis in melanoma cells than the other agents. Ki67-ZD55-IL-24 also caused the most significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Furthermore, apoptosis was induced more effectively in melanoma xenografts in nude mice. Conclusions: This strategy holds promising potential for the further development of an effective approach to treat malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - C-S Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - D Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - C Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J-N Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - T-C Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Y-Q Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chen X, Liu DI, Wang J, Su Q, Zhou P, Liu J, Luan M, Xu X. Suppression effect of recombinant adenovirus vector containing hIL-24 on Hep-2 laryngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:771-777. [PMID: 24527085 PMCID: PMC3919867 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 [MDA-7; renamed interleukin (IL)-24] was isolated from human melanoma cells induced to terminally differentiate by treatment with interferon and mezerein. MDA-7/IL-24 functions as a multimodality anticancer agent, possessing proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and immunostimulatory properties. All these attributes make MDA-7/IL-24 an ideal candidate for cancer gene therapy. In the present study, the human MDA-7/IL-24 gene was transfected into the human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cell line and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a replication-incompetent adenovirus vector. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis confirmed that the Ad-hIL-24 was expressed in the two cells. The expression of the antiapoptotic gene, Bcl-2, was significantly decreased and the IL-24 receptor was markedly expressed in Hep-2 cells following infection with Ad-hIL-24, but not in HUVECs. In addition, the expression of the proapoptotic gene, Bax, was induced and the expression of caspase-3 was increased in the Hep-2 cells and HUVECs. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay indicated that Ad-hIL-24 may induce growth suppression in Hep-2 cells but not in HUVECs. In conclusion, Ad-hIL-24 selectively inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in Hep-2 cells. No visible damage was found in HUVECs. Therefore, the results of the current study indicated that Ad-hIL-24 may have a potent suppressive effect on human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines, but is safe for healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - DI Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China ; Medical Laboratory of the People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, P.R. China
| | - Junfu Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Su
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Meng Luan
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
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Overexpression of MDA-7/IL-24 as an anticancer cytokine in gene therapy of thyroid carcinoma. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND IDEAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhi.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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MDA-7/IL-24: multifunctional cancer killing cytokine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 818:127-53. [PMID: 25001534 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
First identified almost two decades ago as a novel gene differentially expressed in human melanoma cells induced to terminally differentiate, MDA-7/IL-24 has since shown great potential as an anti-cancer gene. MDA-7/IL24, a secreted protein of the IL-10 family, functions as a cytokine at normal physiological levels and is expressed in tissues of the immune system. At supra-physiological levels, MDA-7/IL-24 plays a prominent role in inhibiting tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis and was recently shown to target tumor stem/initiating cells for death. Much of the attention focused on MDA-7/IL-24 originated from the fact that it can selectively induce cell death in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Thus, this gene originally shown to be associated with melanoma cell differentiation has now proven to be a multi-functional protein affecting a broad array of cancers. Moreover, MDA-7/IL-24 has proven efficacious in a Phase I/II clinical trial in humans with multiple advanced cancers. As research in the field progresses, we will unravel more of the functions of MDA-7/IL-24 and define novel ways to utilize MDA-7/IL-24 in the treatment of cancer.
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Azab BM, Dash R, Das SK, Bhutia SK, Sarkar S, Shen XN, Quinn BA, Dent P, Dmitriev IP, Wang XY, Curiel DT, Pellecchia M, Reed JC, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Enhanced prostate cancer gene transfer and therapy using a novel serotype chimera cancer terminator virus (Ad.5/3-CTV). J Cell Physiol 2013; 229:34-43. [PMID: 23868767 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Few options are available for treating patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC). As PC is a slow growing disease and accessible by ultrasound, gene therapy could provide a viable option for this neoplasm. Conditionally replication-competent adenoviruses (CRCAs) represent potentially useful reagents for treating PC. We previously constructed a CRCA, cancer terminator virus (CTV), which showed efficacy both in vitro and in vivo for PC. The CTV was generated on a serotype 5-background (Ad.5-CTV) with infectivity depending on Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptors (CARs). CARs are frequently reduced in many tumor types, including PCs thereby limiting effective Ad-mediated therapy. Using serotype chimerism, a novel CTV (Ad.5/3-CTV) was created by replacing the Ad.5 fiber knob with the Ad.3 fiber knob thereby facilitating infection in a CAR-independent manner. We evaluated Ad.5/3-CTV in comparison with Ad.5-CTV in low CAR human PC cells, demonstrating higher efficiency in inhibiting cell viability in vitro. Moreover, Ad.5/3-CTV potently suppressed in vivo tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model and in a spontaneously induced PC that develops in Hi-myc transgenic mice. Considering the significant responses in a Phase I clinical trial of a non-replicating Ad.5-mda-7 in advanced cancers, Ad.5/3-CTV may exert improved therapeutic benefit in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal M Azab
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Dash R, Bhoopathi P, Das SK, Sarkar S, Emdad L, Dasgupta S, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Novel mechanism of MDA-7/IL-24 cancer-specific apoptosis through SARI induction. Cancer Res 2013; 74:563-74. [PMID: 24282278 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Subtraction hybridization combined with induction of cancer cell terminal differentiation in human melanoma cells identified melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) and SARI (suppressor of AP-1, induced by IFN) that display potent antitumor activity. These genes are not constitutively expressed in cancer cells and forced expression of mda-7/IL-24 (Ad.mda-7) or SARI (Ad.SARI) promotes cancer-specific cell death. Ectopic expression of mda-7/IL-24 induces SARI mRNA and protein in a panel of different cancer cells, leading to cell death, without harming corresponding normal cells. Simultaneous inhibition of K-ras downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling in pancreatic cancer cells reverses the translational block of MDA-7/IL-24 and induces SARI expression and cell death. Using SARI-antisense-based approaches, we demonstrate that SARI expression is necessary for mda-7/IL-24 antitumor effects. Secreted MDA-7/IL-24 protein induces antitumor "bystander" effects by promoting its own expression. Recombinant MDA-7/IL-24 (His-MDA-7) induces SARI expression, supporting the involvement of SARI in the MDA-7/IL-24-driven autocrine loop, culminating in antitumor effects. Moreover, His-MDA-7, after binding to its cognate receptors (IL-20R1/IL-20R2 or IL-22R/IL-20R2), induces intracellular signaling by phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, leading to transcription of a family of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible (GADD) genes, culminating in apoptosis. Inhibition of p38 MAPK fails to induce SARI following Ad.mda-7 infection. These findings reveal the significance of the mda-7/IL-24-SARI axis in cancer-specific killing and provide a potential strategy for treating both local and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Dash
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Orissa, India; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Zhuo B, Wang R, Zhang H, Qin H, Yin Y, Shi Y. Interleukin-24 inhibits cell migration and invasion in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2749-54. [PMID: 24084981 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastomas are common pediatric solid tumors with a variable clinical course; approximately 50% of patients present with metastatic disease at diagnosis. The development of metastatic lesions often causes a fatal outcome. Therefore, the prevention of metastases during the early stage of tumor development is critical for the improvement of the prognosis of neuroblastoma patients. We previously observed the suppression of neuroblastoma growth in response to overexpression of interleukin-24 (IL-24) in vitro and in vivo. IL-24 exerts its tumor-suppressive effects by multiple mechanisms, including the balance of Bcl-2 family proteins toward the pro-apoptotic pathway and the activation of the caspase cascade. In this study, we used adenovirus-mediated IL-24 (Ad-IL24) to examine the effect of the ectopic production of IL-24 on cell migration and invasion in human neuroblastoma cells. We found that IL-24 effectively inhibits SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell migration and invasion by changing subcellular localization and cellular levels of β-catenin and regulating the levels of proteins associated with cell migration and invasion. Thus, IL-24 should be considered a therapeutic agent that can inhibit primary neuroblastoma growth and that may prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobiao Zhuo
- Department of Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
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Mao Z, Bian G, Sheng W, He S, Yang J, Dong X. Adenovirus-mediated IL-24 expression enhances the chemosensitivity of multidrug-resistantgastric cancer cells to cisplatin. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2288-96. [PMID: 23982423 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the commonly used strategies in gastric cancer, especially for unresectable patients, but it becomes insensitive to repeated administration of even the most effective chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin. Given this, there is an urgent need for developing chemosensitizers to overcome acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Interleukin-24 (IL-24), a cytokine-tumor suppressor, shows broad-spectrum and tumor-specific antitumor properties, and studies have demonstrated that IL-24 could conspicuously restore the chemosensitivity of MDR cancer cells. Herein, we developed a human MDR gastric cancer cell subline, SGC7901/CDDP, by repeated selection of resistant clones of parental sensitive cells, and further investigated the chemosensitizing effects and the underlying mechanisms of adenovirus-mediated IL-24 (Ad-IL-24) gene therapy plus CDDP for the human MDR gastric cancer cells SGC7901/CDDP in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that the expression of IL-24 mRNA and protein was profoundly downregulated in SGC7901/CDDP cells by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. In addition, the cell viability assay showed that the IC50 of SGC7901/CDDP cells to CDDP, 5-FU, ADM and MTX was significantly enhanced compared to parental sensitive SGC7901 cells. Ad-IL-24-induced IL-24 overexpression decreased the IC50 of the above agents (not MTX), induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, and Ad-IL-24 plus CDDP elicited significant apoptosis and tumor suppression of SGC7901/CDDP cells in vitro and SGC7901/CDDP cell xenograft tumors in vivo, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the mechanisms of Ad-IL-24-elicited chemosensitizing effects were closely associated with a substantial upregulation of Bax and downregulation of P-gp and Bcl-2 in SGC7901/CDDP cells in vitro and SGC7901/CDDP xenograft tissues in vivo. Thus, this study indicates that overexpression of IL-24 gene can significantly promote chemosensitivity in MDR phenotype SGC7901/CDDP gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglei Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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The proapoptotic effect of traditional and novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in mammalian and yeast cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:504230. [PMID: 23983899 PMCID: PMC3747411 DOI: 10.1155/2013/504230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. However, mounting evidence shows that NSAIDs, such as aspirin, have very promising antineoplastic properties. The chemopreventive, antiproliferative behaviour of NSAIDs has been associated with both their inactivation of cyclooxygenases (COX) and their ability to induce apoptosis via pathways that are largely COX-independent. In this review, the various proapoptotic pathways induced by traditional and novel NSAIDs such as phospho-NSAIDs, hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAIDs and nitric oxide-releasing NSAIDs in mammalian cell lines are discussed, as well as the proapoptotic effects of NSAIDs on budding yeast which retains the hallmarks of mammalian apoptosis. The significance of these mechanisms in terms of the role of NSAIDs in effective cancer prevention is considered.
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Xu S, Oshima T, Imada T, Masuda M, Debnath B, Grande F, Garofalo A, Neamati N. Stabilization of MDA-7/IL-24 for colon cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:421-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Huo W, Li ZM, Zhu XM, Bao YM, An LJ. MDA-7/IL-24 suppresses tumor adhesion and invasive potential in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:986-92. [PMID: 23722307 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (MDA-7)/interleukin‑24 (IL-24) has been considered as a tumor-suppressor gene, which suppresses the growth and induces the apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of MDA-7/IL-24 regarding the inhibition of metastasis of HepG2 and BEL-7402 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro. We established MDA-7/IL-24-overexpressing HepG2 and BEL-7402 cell lines and found that MDA-7/IL-24 overexpression inhibited tumor cell adhesion and invasion, and induced G2/M arrest in tumor cells. To explore its mechanism of action, western blotting and real-time-PCR assay were used to investigate the expression of E-cadherin, CD44, ICAM-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, CyclinB, Twist, survivin, p-ERK and p-Akt. ELISA assay was used to measure the secretion of TGF-β, and a reporter gene assay was used to detected the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and AP-1 in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells. The results showed that MDA-7/IL-24 overexpression decreased the expression of CD44, ICAM-1, MMP-2/-9, CyclinB, Twist, survivin, TGF-β and p-Akt, transcriptional activity of NF-κB, and increased the expression of E-cadherin and p-ERK and transcriptional activity of AP-1 in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells. Our results revealed that MDA-7/IL-24 mediated the inhibition of adhesion and invasion in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells by suppressing metastasis-related gene expression. Thus, MDA-7/IL-24 may be used as a novel cancer-suppressor gene for the therapy of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, PR China
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Hedvat M, Emdad L, Das SK, Kim K, Dasgupta S, Thomas S, Hu B, Zhu S, Dash R, Quinn BA, Oyesanya RA, Kegelman TP, Sokhi UK, Sarkar S, Erdogan E, Menezes ME, Bhoopathi P, Wang XY, Pomper MG, Wei J, Wu B, Stebbins JL, Diaz PW, Reed JC, Pellecchia M, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Selected approaches for rational drug design and high throughput screening to identify anti-cancer molecules. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 12:1143-55. [PMID: 22931411 DOI: 10.2174/187152012803529709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based modeling combined with rational drug design, and high throughput screening approaches offer significant potential for identifying and developing lead compounds with therapeutic potential. The present review focuses on these two approaches using explicit examples based on specific derivatives of Gossypol generated through rational design and applications of a cancer-specificpromoter derived from Progression Elevated Gene-3. The Gossypol derivative Sabutoclax (BI-97C1) displays potent anti-tumor activity against a diverse spectrum of human tumors. The model of the docked structure of Gossypol bound to Bcl-XL provided a virtual structure-activity-relationship where appropriate modifications were predicted on a rational basis. These structure-based studies led to the isolation of Sabutoclax, an optically pure isomer of Apogossypol displaying superior efficacy and reduced toxicity. These studies illustrate the power of combining structure-based modeling with rational design to predict appropriate derivatives of lead compounds to be empirically tested and evaluated for bioactivity. Another approach to cancer drug discovery utilizes a cancer-specific promoter as readouts of the transformed state. The promoter region of Progression Elevated Gene-3 is such a promoter with cancer-specific activity. The specificity of this promoter has been exploited as a means of constructing cancer terminator viruses that selectively kill cancer cells and as a systemic imaging modality that specifically visualizes in vivo cancer growth with no background from normal tissues. Screening of small molecule inhibitors that suppress the Progression Elevated Gene-3-promoter may provide relevant lead compounds for cancer therapy that can be combined with further structure-based approaches leading to the development of novel compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hedvat
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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Shao J, Li MQ, Meng YH, Chang KK, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li DJ. Estrogen promotes the growth of decidual stromal cells in human early pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:655-64. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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50
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Zhuo B, Wang R, Yin Y, Zhang H, Ma T, Liu F, Cao H, Shi Y. Adenovirus arming human IL-24 inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2419-26. [PMID: 23609032 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Data have increasingly shown that interlukin-24 (IL-24) has growth suppression activity and can induce apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tumor cells. However, the therapeutic effect of IL-24 on human neuroblastoma has rarely been explored. In this study, we used a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) to reveal the effect of adenovirus-mediated IL-24 (Ad-IL24) gene therapy for neuroblastoma. We showed that Ad-IL24 effectively inhibited the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells in vitro by conspicuously inducing apoptosis. To further explore the molecular mechanism by which Ad-IL24 induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y tumor cells, we found that Ad-IL24 increased the expression of Bax and promoted the activation of caspase-3, while decreasing Bcl-2 levels. We also demonstrated that Ad-IL24 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft neuroblastoma tumor in athymic nude mice. In summary, Ad-IL24 overexpression exerted potent antitumor activity via inducing apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, IL-24 has the potential to serve as an agent for gene therapy in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobiao Zhuo
- Department of Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, 18 Suti North Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China.
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