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Bennett ID, Burns JR, Ryadnov MG, Howorka S, Pyne ALB. Lipidated DNA Nanostructures Target and Rupture Bacterial Membranes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2207585. [PMID: 38840451 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chemistry has the power to endow supramolecular nanostructures with new biomedically relevant functions. Here it is reported that DNA nanostructures modified with cholesterol tags disrupt bacterial membranes to cause microbial cell death. The lipidated DNA nanostructures bind more readily to cholesterol-free bacterial membranes than to cholesterol-rich, eukaryotic membranes. These highly negatively charged, lipidated DNA nanostructures cause bacterial cell death by rupturing membranes. Strikingly, killing is mediated by clusters of barrel-shaped nanostructures that adhere to the membrane without the involvement of expected bilayer-puncturing barrels. These DNA nanomaterials may inspire the development of polymeric or small-molecule antibacterial agents that mimic the principles of selective binding and rupturing to help combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel D Bennett
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Division of Medicine, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim G Ryadnov
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand Lane, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alice L B Pyne
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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2
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Pandur Ž, Penič S, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V, Stopar D, Drab M. Surfactin molecules with a cone-like structure promote the formation of membrane domains with negative spontaneous curvature and induce membrane invaginations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1193-1200. [PMID: 37478736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Surfactin uniquely influences lipid bilayer structure by initially inducing membrane invaginations before solubilization. In this study, we exposed DOPC giant vesicles to various surfactin concentrations at different temperatures and observed surfactin-induced membrane invaginations by using differential interference contrast and confocal laser fluorescence microscopy. These invaginations were stable at room temperature but not at higher temperatures. Surfactin molecules induce membrane nanodomains with negative spontaneous curvature and membrane invaginations despite their intrinsic conical shape and intrinsic positive curvature. Considering the experimentally observed capacity of surfactin to fluidize lipid acyl chains and induce partial dehydration of lipid headgroups, we propose that the resulting surfactin-lipid complexes exhibit a net negative spontaneous curvature. We further conducted 3D numerical Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to investigate the behaviour of vesicles containing negative curvature nanodomains within their membrane at varying temperatures. MC simulations demonstrated strong agreement with experimental results, revealing that invaginations are preferentially formed at low temperatures, while being less pronounced at elevated temperatures. Our findings go beyond the expectations of the Israelachvili molecular shape and packing concepts analysis. These concepts do not take into account the influence of specific interactions between neighboring molecules on the inherent shapes of molecules and their arrangement within curved membrane nanodomains. Our work contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex factors governing vesicle morphology and membrane organization and provides insight into the role of detergent-lipid interactions in modulating vesicle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Pandur
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Drab
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Zhang Y, Obuchi H, Toyota T. A Practical Guide to Preparation and Applications of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Formed via Centrifugation of Water-in-Oil Emulsion Droplets. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:440. [PMID: 37103867 PMCID: PMC10144487 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Giant vesicles (GVs), which are closed lipid bilayer membranes with a diameter of more than 1 μm, have attracted attention not only as model cell membranes but also for the construction of artificial cells. For encapsulating water-soluble materials and/or water-dispersible particles or functionalizing membrane proteins and/or other synthesized amphiphiles, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have been applied in various fields, such as supramolecular chemistry, soft matter physics, life sciences, and bioengineering. In this review, we focus on a preparation technique for GUVs that encapsulate water-soluble materials and/or water-dispersible particles. It is based on the centrifugation of a water-in-oil emulsion layered on water and does not require special equipment other than a centrifuge, which makes it the first choice for laboratory use. Furthermore, we review recent studies on GUV-based artificial cells prepared using this technique and discuss their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Haruto Obuchi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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4
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Kumar S, Karmacharya M, Cho YK. Bridging the Gap between Nonliving Matter and Cellular Life. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202962. [PMID: 35988151 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cell, the fundamental unit of life, contains the requisite blueprint information necessary to survive and to build tissues, organs, and systems, eventually forming a fully functional living creature. A slight structural alteration can result in data misprinting, throwing the entire life process off balance. Advances in synthetic biology and cell engineering enable the predictable redesign of biological systems to perform novel functions. Individual functions and fundamental processes at the core of the biology of cells can be investigated by employing a synthetically constrained micro or nanoreactor. However, constructing a life-like structure from nonliving building blocks remains a considerable challenge. Chemical compartments, cascade signaling, energy generation, growth, replication, and adaptation within micro or nanoreactors must be comparable with their biological counterparts. Although these reactors currently lack the power and behavioral sophistication of their biological equivalents, their interface with biological systems enables the development of hybrid solutions for real-world applications, such as therapeutic agents, biosensors, innovative materials, and biochemical microreactors. This review discusses the latest advances in cell membrane-engineered micro or nanoreactors, as well as the limitations associated with high-throughput preparation methods and biological applications for the real-time modulation of complex pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamata Karmacharya
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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5
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Arul Prakash S, Sengan M, John ML, Veerappan A, Kamlekar RK. Interaction of N-acyltaurines with phosphatidylcholines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184103. [PMID: 36563892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-acyltaurines (NATs) are biologically active amphiphilic lipids. They come under the group of compounds known as N-acyl amino acids. NATs were first detected in the brain and other tissues in mice lacking the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase FAAH (-/-). N-arachidonoyltaurine (20:4 NAT) acts as an excellent ligand for the subset of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, especially vanilloid type channels TRPV1 and TRPV4. Also, hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of NATs enable them to interact with membrane lipids. Here, we have investigated the interaction of NATs, N-myristoyltaurine (NMT), and N-palmitoyltaurine (NPT) with their corresponding diacyl phosphatidylcholines (PCs), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and dipalmitoylphosphatidylchoine (DPPC). The miscibility and phase behavior of the hydrated binary mixtures have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Studies on the interaction of NMT/NPT with DMPC/DPPC revealed that the two amphiphiles mix well up to 50 mol% of NAT and phase separation is observed at higher contents of the NAT. The phase transition of the equimolar mixtures of NAT:PC (50:50) studied by fluorescence, also supported the DSC results. PXRD and FTIR analysis show that the NAT:PC equimolar mixture (50:50) forms different supramolecular structures when compared to that of individual NATs and PCs. From transmission electron microscopic studies it is observed that the equimolar mixtures of NMT and NPT with their corresponding diacylphosphatidylcholines (50:50, mol/mol) forms unilamellar vesicles whose diameter range between 30 and 50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Arul Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore 632014, TN, India
| | - Megarajan Sengan
- Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli 620017, TN, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, TN, India
| | - Martin Luther John
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore 632014, TN, India
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, TN, India.
| | - Ravi Kanth Kamlekar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore 632014, TN, India.
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6
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Choi BK, Katoch N, Park JA, Kim JW, Oh TI, Kim HJ, Woo EJ. Measurement of extracellular volume fraction using magnetic resonance-based conductivity tensor imaging. Front Physiol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.132911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) using MRI is an advanced method that can non-invasively measure the electrical properties of living tissues. The contrast of CTI is based on underlying hypothesis about the proportionality between the mobility and diffusivity of ions and water molecules inside tissues. The experimental validation of CTI in both in vitro and in vivo settings is required as a reliable tool to assess tissue conditions. The changes in extracellular space can be indicators for disease progression, such as fibrosis, edema, and cell swelling. In this study, we conducted a phantom imaging experiment to test the feasibility of CTI for measuring the extracellular volume fraction in biological tissue. To mimic tissue conditions with different extracellular volume fractions, four chambers of giant vesicle suspension (GVS) with different vesicle densities were included in the phantom. The reconstructed CTI images of the phantom were compared with the separately-measured conductivity spectra of the four chambers using an impedance analyzer. Moreover, the values of the estimated extracellular volume fraction in each chamber were compared with those measured by a spectrophotometer. As the vesicle density increased, we found that the extracellular volume fraction, extracellular diffusion coefficient, and low-frequency conductivity decreased, while the intracellular diffusion coefficient slightly increased. On the other hand, the high-frequency conductivity could not clearly distinguish the four chambers. The extracellular volume fraction measured by the spectrophotometer and CTI method in each chamber were quite comparable, i.e., (1.00, 0.98 ± 0.01), (0.59, 0.63 ± 0.02), (0.40, 0.40 ± 0.05), and (0.16, 0.18 ± 0.02). The prominent factor influencing the low-frequency conductivity at different GVS densities was the extracellular volume fraction. Further studies are needed to validate the CTI method as a tool to measure the extracellular volume fractions in living tissues with different intracellular and extracellular compartments.
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Choi BK, Katoch N, Park JA, Kim JW, Oh TI, Kim HJ, Woo EJ. Measurement of extracellular volume fraction using magnetic resonance-based conductivity tensor imaging. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1132911. [PMID: 36875031 PMCID: PMC9983119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) using MRI is an advanced method that can non-invasively measure the electrical properties of living tissues. The contrast of CTI is based on underlying hypothesis about the proportionality between the mobility and diffusivity of ions and water molecules inside tissues. The experimental validation of CTI in both in vitro and in vivo settings is required as a reliable tool to assess tissue conditions. The changes in extracellular space can be indicators for disease progression, such as fibrosis, edema, and cell swelling. In this study, we conducted a phantom imaging experiment to test the feasibility of CTI for measuring the extracellular volume fraction in biological tissue. To mimic tissue conditions with different extracellular volume fractions, four chambers of giant vesicle suspension (GVS) with different vesicle densities were included in the phantom. The reconstructed CTI images of the phantom were compared with the separately-measured conductivity spectra of the four chambers using an impedance analyzer. Moreover, the values of the estimated extracellular volume fraction in each chamber were compared with those measured by a spectrophotometer. As the vesicle density increased, we found that the extracellular volume fraction, extracellular diffusion coefficient, and low-frequency conductivity decreased, while the intracellular diffusion coefficient slightly increased. On the other hand, the high-frequency conductivity could not clearly distinguish the four chambers. The extracellular volume fraction measured by the spectrophotometer and CTI method in each chamber were quite comparable, i.e., (1.00, 0.98 ± 0.01), (0.59, 0.63 ± 0.02), (0.40, 0.40 ± 0.05), and (0.16, 0.18 ± 0.02). The prominent factor influencing the low-frequency conductivity at different GVS densities was the extracellular volume fraction. Further studies are needed to validate the CTI method as a tool to measure the extracellular volume fractions in living tissues with different intracellular and extracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bup Kyung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nitish Katoch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital and Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong In Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Je Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kogkos G, Gkartziou F, Mourtas S, Barlos KK, Klepetsanis P, Barlos K, Antimisiaris SG. Liposomal Entrapment or Chemical Modification of Relaxin2 for Prolongation of Its Stability and Biological Activity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101362. [PMID: 36291571 PMCID: PMC9599704 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin (RLX) is a protein that is structurally similar to insulin and has interesting biological activities. As with all proteins, preservation of RLX’s structural integrity/biological functionality is problematic. Herein, we investigated two methods for increasing the duration of relaxin-2’s (RLX2) biological activity: synthesis of a palmitoyl RLX2 conjugate (P-RLX2) with the use of a Palmitoyl-l-Glu-OtBu peptide modifier, and encapsulation into liposomes of P-RLX2, RLX2, and its oxidized form (O-RLX2). For liposomal encapsulation thin-film hydration and DRV methods were applied, and different lipid compositions were tested for optimized protein loading. RLX2 and O-RLX2 were quantified by HPLC. The capability of the peptides/conjugate to stimulate transfected cells to produce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was used as a measure of their biological activity. The stability and bioactivity of free and liposomal RLX2 types were monitored for a 30 d period, in buffer (in some cases) and bovine serum (80%) at 37 °C. The results showed that liposome encapsulation substantially increased the RLX2 integrity in buffer; PEGylated liposomes demonstrated a higher protection. Liposome encapsulation also increased the stability of RLX2 and O-RLX2 in serum. Considering the peptide’s biological activity, cAMP production of RLX2 was higher than that of the oxidized form and the P-RLX2 conjugate (which demonstrated a similar activity to O-RLX2 when measured in buffer, but lower when measured in the presence of serum proteins), while liposome encapsulation resulted in a slight decrease of bioactivity initially, but prolonged the peptide bioactivity during incubation in serum. It was concluded that liposome encapsulation of RLX2 and synthetic modification to P-RLX2 can both prolong RLX2 peptide in vitro stability; however, the applied chemical conjugation results in a significant loss of bioactivity (cAMP production), whereas the effect of liposome entrapment on RLX2 activity was significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kogkos
- Lab Pharm Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Foteini Gkartziou
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Spyridon Mourtas
- Lab Pharm Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Kostas K. Barlos
- Chemical & Biopharmaceutical Laboratories CBL Patras, Ind. Area of Patras, Block 1, 25018 Patras, Greece
| | - Pavlos Klepetsanis
- Lab Pharm Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Kleomenis Barlos
- Chemical & Biopharmaceutical Laboratories CBL Patras, Ind. Area of Patras, Block 1, 25018 Patras, Greece
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Lab Pharm Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610962332
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Faizi HA, Tsui A, Dimova R, Vlahovska PM. Bending Rigidity, Capacitance, and Shear Viscosity of Giant Vesicle Membranes Prepared by Spontaneous Swelling, Electroformation, Gel-Assisted, and Phase Transfer Methods: A Comparative Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10548-10557. [PMID: 35993569 PMCID: PMC9671160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Closed lipid bilayers in the form of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are commonly used membrane models. Various methods have been developed to prepare GUVs, however it is unknown if all approaches yield membranes with the same elastic, electric, and rheological properties. Here, we combine flickering spectroscopy and electrodefomation of GUVs to measure, at identical conditions, membrane capacitance, bending rigidity and shear surface viscosity of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) membranes formed by several commonly used preparation methods: thin film hydration (spontaneous swelling), electroformation, gel-assisted swelling using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or agarose, and phase-transfer. We find relatively similar bending rigidity value across all the methods except for the agarose hydration method. In addition, the capacitance values are similar except for vesicles prepared via PVA gel hydration. Intriguingly, membranes prepared by the gel-assisted and phase-transfer methods exhibit much higher shear viscosity compared to electroformation and spontaneous swelling, likely due to remnants of polymers (PVA and agarose) and oils (hexadecane and mineral) in the lipid bilayer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad A Faizi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Annie Tsui
- Department of Industrial Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petia M Vlahovska
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Biocompatible and optically stable hydrophobic fluorescent carbon dots for isolation and imaging of lipid rafts in model membrane. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6055-6067. [PMID: 35697813 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lateral heterogeneity in cell membranes features a variety of compositions that influence their inherent properties. One such biophysical variation is the formation of a membrane or lipid raft, which plays important roles in many cellular processes. The lipid rafts on the cell membrane are mostly identified by specific dyes and heavy metal quantum dots, which have their own drawbacks, such as cytotoxicity, photostability, and incompatibility. To this end, we synthesized special, hydrophobic, fluorescent, photostable, and non-cytotoxic carbon dots (CDs) by solvent-free thermal treatment using non-cytotoxic materials and incorporated into the lipid bilayers of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made from 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids. A 2:2:1 mixture of DOPC, DPPC, and cholesterol (Chol) develops lipid rafts on the membrane by phase separation. The photophysical properties of the CDs get modulated on incorporation into the lipid rafts that identifies the membrane heterogeneity. The main attempt in this work is to develop a new, simple, cost-effective, and bio-friendly lipid raft marker, which can be used in biological applications, alongside other conventional raft markers, with more advantages.
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11
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Mittal A, Chauhan A. Aspects of Biological Replication and Evolution Independent of the Central Dogma: Insights from Protein-Free Vesicular Transformations and Protein-Mediated Membrane Remodeling. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:185-209. [PMID: 35333977 PMCID: PMC8951669 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological membrane remodeling is central to living systems. In spite of serving as “containers” of whole-living systems and functioning as dynamic compartments within living systems, biological membranes still find a “blue collar” treatment compared to the “white collar” nucleic acids and proteins in biology. This may be attributable to the fact that scientific literature on biological membrane remodeling is only 50 years old compared to ~ 150 years of literature on proteins and a little less than 100 years on nucleic acids. However, recently, evidence for symbiotic origins of eukaryotic cells from data only on biological membranes was reported. This, coupled with appreciation of reproducible amphiphilic self-assemblies in aqueous environments (mimicking replication), has already initiated discussions on origins of life beyond nucleic acids and proteins. This work presents a comprehensive compilation and meta-analyses of data on self-assembly and vesicular transformations in biological membranes—starting from model membranes to establishment of Influenza Hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion as a prototypical remodeling system to a thorough comparison between enveloped mammalian viruses and cellular vesicles. We show that viral membrane fusion proteins, in addition to obeying “stoichiometry-driven protein folding”, have tighter compositional constraints on their amino acid occurrences than general-structured proteins, regardless of type/class. From the perspective of vesicular assemblies and biological membrane remodeling (with and without proteins) we find that cellular vesicles are quite different from viruses. Finally, we propose that in addition to pre-existing thermodynamic frameworks, kinetic considerations in de novo formation of metastable membrane structures with available “third-party” constituents (including proteins) were not only crucial for origins of life but also continue to offer morphological replication and/or functional mechanisms in modern life forms, independent of the central dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mittal
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (SCFBio), IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Akanksha Chauhan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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12
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Sinha R, Chatterjee A, Purkayastha P. Graphene Quantum Dot Assisted Translocation of Daunomycin through an Ordered Lipid Membrane: A Study by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Resonance Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1232-1241. [PMID: 35129981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Daunomycin (DN) is a well-known chemotherapy drug frequently used in treating acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia. It needs to be delivered to the therapeutic target by a delivering agent that beats the blood-brain barrier. DN is known to be specifically located at the membrane surface and scantly to the bilayer. Penetration of DN into the membrane bilayer depends on the molecular packing of the lipid. It does not travel promptly to the interior of the cells and needs a carrier to serve the purpose. Here, we have demonstrated, by fluorescence lifetime imaging spectroscopy (FLIM) and resonance energy transfer (RET) phenomenon, that ultrasmall graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be internalized into the aqueous pool of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids, which, in turn, help in fast translocation of DN through the membrane without any delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Sinha
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Arunavo Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
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13
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Partipilo M, Ewins EJ, Frallicciardi J, Robinson T, Poolman B, Slotboom DJ. Minimal Pathway for the Regeneration of Redox Cofactors. JACS AU 2021; 1:2280-2293. [PMID: 34984417 PMCID: PMC8717395 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective metabolic pathways are essential for the construction of in vitro systems mimicking the biochemical complexity of living cells. Such pathways require the inclusion of a metabolic branch that ensures the availability of reducing equivalents. Here, we built a minimal enzymatic pathway confinable in the lumen of liposomes, in which the redox status of the nicotinamide cofactors NADH and NADPH is controlled by an externally provided formate. Formic acid permeates the membrane where a luminal formate dehydrogenase uses NAD+ to form NADH and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the liposomes, leaving only the reducing equivalents in the lumen. A soluble transhydrogenase subsequently utilizes NADH for reduction of NADP+ thereby making NAD+ available again for the first reaction. The pathway is functional in liposomes ranging from a few hundred nanometers in diameter (large unilamellar vesicles) up to several tens of micrometers (giant unilamellar vesicles) and remains active over a period of 7 days. We demonstrate that the downstream biochemical process of reduction of glutathione disulfide can be driven by the transfer of reducing equivalents from formate via NAD(P)H, thereby providing a versatile set of electron donors for reductive metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Partipilo
- Department
of Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences &
Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor J. Ewins
- Department
of Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences &
Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Frallicciardi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences &
Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Robinson
- Department
of Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck
Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department
of Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences &
Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Slotboom
- Department
of Biochemistry, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences &
Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Lankalapalli S, Vemuri VD, Tenneti VSVK, Guntaka PR. Bioavailability enhancement of voriconazole using liposomal pastilles: Formulation and experimental design investigation. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:293-307. [PMID: 34923884 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.2011912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa offers several advantages in the delivery of therapeutic molecules. It avoids presystemic metabolism, Nanoencapsulation techniques might be applied to conquer physical, chemical challenges and enhance drug penetration, formulation performance, prolonging drug residence time, and improving sensorial feeling. The present investigation is aimed to formulate liposomal pastilles with high bioavailability. Voriconazole Liposomes (VL) were produced by utilizing varied ratios of soya lecithin (SL) and cholesterol (CH) by solvent Injection method. RSM is utilized to identify the optimized formulation, as this design provides a thorough understanding of a process and also has great utilization in originating the robustness of the product. The main impact and interaction terms of the formulation variables were assessed quantitatively utilizing a mathematical-statistical approach indicating that both independent variables have significant ('P' value < 0.05) effects on particle size ('P' value: 0.0142), percentage entrapment efficiency ('P' value: 0.0120), percentage drug release through the dialysis membrane ('P' value: 0.0105), percentage drug release through porcine buccal mucosa ('P' value: 0.0171) and percentage zone of inhibition ('P' value: 0.0305). Optimal liposomal encapsulated in noticed in 15:10 lecithin: cholesterol concentration (VLP-6). Higher Lecithin and Cholesterol quantity in the liposome formulations resulted in lower drug entrapment efficiency and drug release when compared with middle levels of lecithin and cholesterol content formulation. The pastilles were prepared from the optimized liposomal formulation with a modified method reported in British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1907. These liposomal pastilles were subjected to evaluation of physicochemical parameters, In vitro drug release studies, stability studies, and In vivo bioavailability studies in comparison with pure voriconazole pastilles (PVP). The statistical data analysis results indicated that there was a significant difference in Tmax, Ka, t1/2 abs, t1/2 elim, AUC0-24, AUC0-∞, AUMC0-24 and AUMC0-∞, values among PVP and VLP-6. There was no significant difference in Cmax, Kel, MRT0-24 and MRT0-∞values among pure voriconazole pastilles and optimized liposomal formulation.
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15
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Drab M, Pandur Ž, Penič S, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V, Stopar D. A Monte Carlo study of giant vesicle morphologies in nonequilibrium environments. Biophys J 2021; 120:4418-4428. [PMID: 34506775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that giant vesicles undergo dynamic morphological changes when exposed to a detergent. The solubilization process may take multiple pathways. In this work, we identify lipid vesicle shape dynamics before the solubilization of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine giant vesicles with Triton X-100 (TR) detergent. The violent lipid vesicle dynamics was observed with laser confocal scanning microscopy and was qualitatively explained via a numerical simulation. A three-dimensional Monte Carlo scheme was constructed that emulated the nonequilibrium conditions at the beginning stages of solubilization, accounting for a gradual addition of TR detergent molecules into the lipid bilayers. We suggest that the main driving factor for morphology change in lipid vesicles is the associative tendency of the TR molecules, which induces spontaneous curvature of the detergent inclusions, an intrinsic consequence of their molecular shape. The majority of the observed lipid vesicle shapes in the experiments were found to correspond very well to the numerically calculated shapes in the phase space of possible solutions. The results give an insight into the early stages of lipid vesicle solubilization by amphiphilic molecules, which is nonequilibrium in nature and very difficult to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitja Drab
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Žiga Pandur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Katoch N, Choi BK, Park JA, Ko IO, Kim HJ. Comparison of Five Conductivity Tensor Models and Image Reconstruction Methods Using MRI. Molecules 2021; 26:5499. [PMID: 34576970 PMCID: PMC8467711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of the electrical conductivity distribution inside the human body has been investigated for numerous clinical applications. The conductivity tensors of biological tissue have been obtained from water diffusion tensors by applying several models, which may not cover the entire phenomenon. Recently, a new conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) method was developed through a combination of B1 mapping, and multi-b diffusion weighted imaging. In this study, we compared the most recent CTI method with the four existing models of conductivity tensors reconstruction. Two conductivity phantoms were designed to evaluate the accuracy of the models. Applied to five human brains, the conductivity tensors using the four existing models and CTI were imaged and compared with the values from the literature. The conductivity image of the phantoms by the CTI method showed relative errors between 1.10% and 5.26%. The images by the four models using DTI could not measure the effects of different ion concentrations subsequently due to prior information of the mean conductivity values. The conductivity tensor images obtained from five human brains through the CTI method were comparable to previously reported literature values. The images by the four methods using DTI were highly correlated with the diffusion tensor images, showing a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.65 to 1.00. However, the images by the CTI method were less correlated with the diffusion tensor images and exhibited an averaged R2 value of 0.51. The CTI method could handle the effects of different ion concentrations as well as mobilities and extracellular volume fractions by collecting and processing additional B1 map data. It is necessary to select an application-specific model taking into account the pros and cons of each model. Future studies are essential to confirm the usefulness of these conductivity tensor imaging methods in clinical applications, such as tumor characterization, EEG source imaging, and treatment planning for electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Katoch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (N.K.); (B.-K.C.)
| | - Bup-Kyung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (N.K.); (B.-K.C.)
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - In-Ok Ko
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (N.K.); (B.-K.C.)
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17
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Sharifian Gh M. Recent Experimental Developments in Studying Passive Membrane Transport of Drug Molecules. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2122-2141. [PMID: 33914545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to measure the passive membrane permeation of drug-like molecules is of fundamental biological and pharmaceutical importance. Of significance, passive diffusion across the cellular membranes plays an effective role in the delivery of many pharmaceutical agents to intracellular targets. Hence, approaches for quantitative measurement of membrane permeability have been the topics of research for decades, resulting in sophisticated biomimetic systems coupled with advanced techniques. In this review, recent developments in experimental approaches along with theoretical models for quantitative and real-time analysis of membrane transport of drug-like molecules through mimetic and living cell membranes are discussed. The focus is on time-resolved fluorescence-based, surface plasmon resonance, and second-harmonic light scattering approaches. The current understanding of how properties of the membrane and permeant affect the permeation process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifian Gh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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18
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Abstract
Protein aggregation and amyloid formation are pathogenic events underlying the development of an increasingly large number of human diseases named “proteinopathies”. Abnormal accumulation in affected tissues of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), and the prion protein, to mention a few, are involved in the occurrence of Alzheimer’s (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prion diseases, respectively. Many reports suggest that the toxic properties of amyloid aggregates are correlated with their ability to damage cell membranes. However, the molecular mechanisms causing toxic amyloid/membrane interactions are still far to be completely elucidated. This review aims at describing the mutual relationships linking abnormal protein conformational transition and self-assembly into amyloid aggregates with membrane damage. A cross-correlated analysis of all these closely intertwined factors is thought to provide valuable insights for a comprehensive molecular description of amyloid diseases and, in turn, the design of effective therapies.
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19
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Lee MB, Kim HJ, Kwon OI. Decomposition of high-frequency electrical conductivity into extracellular and intracellular compartments based on two-compartment model using low-to-high multi-b diffusion MRI. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:29. [PMID: 33766044 PMCID: PMC7993544 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an object’s electrical passive property, the electrical conductivity is proportional to the mobility and concentration of charged carriers that reflect the brain micro-structures. The measured multi-b diffusion-weighted imaging (Mb-DWI) data by controlling the degree of applied diffusion weights can quantify the apparent mobility of water molecules within biological tissues. Without any external electrical stimulation, magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) techniques have successfully recovered the conductivity distribution at a Larmor-frequency. Methods This work provides a non-invasive method to decompose the high-frequency conductivity into the extracellular medium conductivity based on a two-compartment model using Mb-DWI. To separate the intra- and extracellular micro-structures from the recovered high-frequency conductivity, we include higher b-values DWI and apply the random decision forests to stably determine the micro-structural diffusion parameters. Results To demonstrate the proposed method, we conducted phantom and human experiments by comparing the results of reconstructed conductivity of extracellular medium and the conductivity in the intra-neurite and intra-cell body. The phantom and human experiments verify that the proposed method can recover the extracellular electrical properties from the high-frequency conductivity using a routine protocol sequence of MRI scan. Conclusion We have proposed a method to decompose the electrical properties in the extracellular, intra-neurite, and soma compartments from the high-frequency conductivity map, reconstructed by solving the electro-magnetic equation with measured B1 phase signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Bae Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh In Kwon
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Dharmaraj K, Dattler D, Kahlert H, Lendeckel U, Nagel F, Delcea M, Scholz F. The effects of the chemical environment of menaquinones in lipid monolayers on mercury electrodes on the thermodynamics and kinetics of their electrochemistry. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 50:731-743. [PMID: 33730176 PMCID: PMC8260536 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of the chemical environment of menaquinones (all-trans MK-4 and all-trans MK-7) incorporated in lipid monolayers on mercury electrodes have been studied with respect to the thermodynamics and kinetics of their electrochemistry. The chemical environment relates to the composition of lipid films as well as the adjacent aqueous phase. It could be shown that the addition of all-trans MK-4 to TMCL does not change the phase transition temperatures of TMCL. In case of DMPC monolayers, the presence of cholesterol has no effect on the thermodynamics (formal redox potentials) of all-trans MK-7, but the kinetics are affected. Addition of an inert electrolyte (sodium perchlorate; change of ionic strength) to the aqueous phase shifts the redox potentials of all-trans MK-7 only slightly. The formal redox potentials of all-trans MK-4 were determined in TMCL and nCL monolayers and found to be higher in nCL monolayers than in TMCL monolayers. The apparent electron transfer rate constants, transfer coefficients and activation energies of all-trans MK-4 in cardiolipins have been also determined. Most surprisingly, the apparent electron transfer rate constants of all-trans MK-4 exhibit an opposite pH dependence for TMCL and nCL films: the rate constants increase in TMCL films with increasing pH, but in nCL films they increase with decreasing pH. This study is a contribution to understand environmental effects on the redox properties of membrane bond redox systems.
Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppasamy Dharmaraj
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Dattler
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heike Kahlert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Nagel
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fritz Scholz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
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21
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Sivaramakrishna D, Choudhury SK, Cheppali SK, Swamy MJ. Structure, thermotropic phase behavior and membrane interaction of N-acyl-β-alaninols. Homologs of stress-combating N-acylethanolamines. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105056. [PMID: 33631126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-Alaninol and its derivatives were reported to exhibit interesting biological and pharmacological activities and showed potential application in formulating drug delivery vehicles. In the present study, we report the synthesis and characterization of N-acyl-β-alaninols (NABAOHs) bearing saturated acyl chains (n = 8-20) with respect to thermotropic phase behavior, supramolecular organization and interaction with diacylphosphatidylcholine, a major membrane lipid. Results obtained from DSC and powder XRD studies revealed that the transition temperatures (Tt), transition enthalpies (ΔHt), transition entropies (ΔSt) and d-spacings of NABAOHs show odd-even alteration. A linear dependence was observed in the values of ΔHt and ΔSt on the acyl chain length, independently for even and odd acyl chains in both dry and hydrated states; further, the even chainlength molecules exhibited higher values than the odd chainlength series. The crystals structures of N-lauroyl-β-alaninol and N-palmitoyl-β-alaninol, solved in monoclinic system in the P21/c space group, show that the NABAOHs adopt a tilted bilayer structure. A number of NH⋯O, O-H⋯O, and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl and amide moieties of the head groups of NABAOH molecules belonging to adjacent and opposite layers stabilize the overall supramolecular organization of the self-assembled bilayer system. DSC studies on the interaction of N-myristoyl-β-alaninol (NMBAOH) with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) indicate that these two lipids mix well up to 45 mol% NMBAOH, whereas phase separation was observed at higher contents of NMBAOH. Transmission electron microscopic studies reveal that mixtures containing 20-50 mol% NMBAOH form stable ULVs of 90-150 nm diameter, suitable for use in drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Musti J Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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22
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Kundu S, Malik S, Ghosh M, Nandi S, Pyne A, Debnath A, Sarkar N. A Comparative Study on DMSO-Induced Modulation of the Structural and Dynamical Properties of Model Bilayer Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2065-2078. [PMID: 33529530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the structures and properties of biomembranes via permeation of small amphiphilic molecules is immensely important, having diverse applications in cell biology, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals, because their physiochemical and biological interactions lead to new pathways for transdermal drug delivery and administration. In this work, we have elucidated the role of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), broadly used as a penetration-enhancing agent and cryoprotective agent on model lipid membranes, using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Spatially resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been employed to unravel how the fluidity of the DMSO-induced bilayer regulates the structural alteration of the vesicles. Moreover, we have also shown that the dehydration effect of DMSO leads to weakening of the hydrogen bond between lipid headgroups and water molecules and results in faster solvation dynamics as demonstrated by femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. It has been gleaned that the water dynamics becomes faster because bilayer rigidity decreases in the presence of DMSO, which is also supported by time-resolved rotational anisotropy measurements. The enhanced diffusivity and increased membrane fluidity in the presence of DMSO are further ratified at the single-molecule level through fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements. Our results indicate that while the presence of DMSO significantly affects the 1,2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers, it has a weak effect on 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol (DMPG) vesicles, which might explain the preferential interaction of DMSO with the positively charged choline group present in DMPC and DPPC vesicles. The experimental findings have also been further verified with molecular dynamics simulation studies. Moreover, it has been observed that DMSO is likely to have a differential effect on heterogeneous bilayer membranes depending on the structure and composition of their headgroups. Our results illuminate the importance of probing the lipid structure and composition of cellular membranes in determining the effects of cryoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - Sheeba Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meghna Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - Sourav Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - Arghajit Pyne
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - Ananya Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nilmoni Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
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23
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Pownall HJ, Liu J, Gillard BK, Yelamanchili D, Rosales C. Physico-chemical and physiological determinants of lipo-nanoparticle stability. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102361. [PMID: 33540069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liposome-based nanoparticles (NPs) comprised mostly of phospholipids (PLs) have been developed to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Whereas reassembled plasma lipoproteins have been tested as NP carriers of hydrophobic molecules, they are unstable because the components can spontaneously transfer to other PL surfaces-cell membranes and lipoproteins-and can be degraded by plasma lipases. Here we review two strategies for NP stabilization. One is to use PLs that contain long acyl-chains: according to a quantitative thermodynamic model and in vivo tests, increasing the chain length of a PL reduces the spontaneous transfer rate and increases plasma lifetime. A second strategy is to substitute ether for ester bonds which makes the PLs lipase resistant. We conclude with recommendations of simple ex vivo and in vitro tests of NP stability that should be conducted before in vivo tests are begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Bioenergetics, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baiba K Gillard
- Center for Bioenergetics, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dedipya Yelamanchili
- Center for Bioenergetics, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Corina Rosales
- Center for Bioenergetics, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Milardi D, Gazit E, Radford SE, Xu Y, Gallardo RU, Caflisch A, Westermark GT, Westermark P, Rosa CL, Ramamoorthy A. Proteostasis of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide: A Molecular Perspective of Risk Factors and Protective Strategies for Type II Diabetes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1845-1893. [PMID: 33427465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The possible link between hIAPP accumulation and β-cell death in diabetic patients has inspired numerous studies focusing on amyloid structures and aggregation pathways of this hormone. Recent studies have reported on the importance of early oligomeric intermediates, the many roles of their interactions with lipid membrane, pH, insulin, and zinc on the mechanism of aggregation of hIAPP. The challenges posed by the transient nature of amyloid oligomers, their structural heterogeneity, and the complex nature of their interaction with lipid membranes have resulted in the development of a wide range of biophysical and chemical approaches to characterize the aggregation process. While the cellular processes and factors activating hIAPP-mediated cytotoxicity are still not clear, it has recently been suggested that its impaired turnover and cellular processing by proteasome and autophagy may contribute significantly toward toxic hIAPP accumulation and, eventually, β-cell death. Therefore, studies focusing on the restoration of hIAPP proteostasis may represent a promising arena for the design of effective therapies. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the structures and pathology associated with hIAPP self-assembly and point out the opportunities for therapy that a detailed biochemical, biophysical, and cellular understanding of its aggregation may unveil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Xu
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo U Gallardo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Gunilla T Westermark
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 41809-1055, United States
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Pore-forming proteins: From defense factors to endogenous executors of cell death. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 234:105026. [PMID: 33309552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) and small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a large family of molecules with the common ability to punch holes in cell membranes to alter their permeability. They play a fundamental role as infectious bacteria's defensive tools against host's immune system and as executors of endogenous machineries of regulated cell death in eukaryotic cells. Despite being highly divergent in primary sequence and 3D structure, specific folds of pore-forming domains have been conserved. In fact, pore formation is considered an ancient mechanism that takes place through a general multistep process involving: membrane partitioning and insertion, oligomerization and pore formation. However, different PFPs and AMPs assemble and form pores following different mechanisms that could end up either in the formation of protein-lined or protein-lipid pores. In this review, we analyze the current findings in the mechanism of action of different PFPs and AMPs that support a wide role of membrane pore formation in nature. We also provide the newest insights into the development of state-of-art techniques that have facilitated the characterization of membrane pores. To understand the physiological role of these peptides/proteins or develop clinical applications, it is essential to uncover the molecular mechanism of how they perforate membranes.
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Abstract
The desire to create cell-like models for fundamental science and applications has spurred extensive effort toward creating giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). However, a route to selectively self-assemble GUVs in bulk has remained elusive. In bulk solution, membrane-forming molecules such as phospholipids, single-tailed surfactants, and block copolymers typically self-assemble into multilamellar, onion-like structures. So although self-assembly processes can form nanoscale unilamellar vesicles, scaffolding by droplets or surfaces is required to create GUVs. Here we show that it is possible to bulk self-assemble cell-sized GUVs with almost complete selectivity over other vesicle topologies. The seemingly paradoxical pair of features that enables this appears to be having very dynamic molecules at the nanoscale that create unusually rigid membranes. The resultant self-assembly pathway enables encapsulation of molecules and colloids and can also generate model primitive cells that can grow and divide.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Kindt
- School of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jack W. Szostak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anna Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Chloroform-Injection (CI) and Spontaneous-Phase-Transition (SPT) Are Novel Methods, Simplifying the Fabrication of Liposomes with Versatile Solution to Cholesterol Content and Size Distribution. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111065. [PMID: 33182248 PMCID: PMC7695269 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intricate formulation methods and/or the use of sophisticated equipment limit the prevalence of liposomal dosage-forms. Simple techniques are developed to assemble amphiphiles into globular lamellae while transiting from the immiscible organic to the aqueous phase. Various parameters are optimized by injecting chloroform solution of amphiphiles into the aqueous phase and subsequent removal of the organic phase. Further simplification is achieved by reorienting amphiphiles through a spontaneous phase transition in a swirling biphasic system during evaporation of the organic phase under vacuum. Although the chloroform injection yields smaller Z-average and poly-dispersity-index the spontaneous phase transition method overrides simplicity and productivity. The increasing solid/solvent ratios results in higher Z-average and broader poly-dispersity-index of liposomes under a given set of experimental conditions, and vice versa. Surface charge dependent large unilamellar vesicles with a narrow distribution have poly-dispersity-index < 0.4 in 10 μM saline. As small and monodisperse liposomes are prerequisites in targeted drug delivery strategies, hence the desired Z-average < 200 d.nm and poly-dispersity-index < 0.15 is obtained through the serial membrane-filtration method. Phosphatidylcholine/water 4 μmol/mL is achieved at a temperature of 10°C below the phase-transition temperature of phospholipids, ensuring suitability for thermolabile entities and high entrapment efficiency. Both methods furnish the de-novo rearrangement of amphiphiles into globular lamellae, aiding in the larger entrapped volume. The immiscible organic phase benefits from its faster and complete removal from the final product. High cholesterol content (55.6 mol%) imparts stability in primary hydration medium at 5 ± 3 °C for 6 months in light-protected type-1 glass vials. Collectively, the reported methods are novel, scalable and time-efficient, yielding high productivity in simple equipment.
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Jahng GH, Lee MB, Kim HJ, Je Woo E, Kwon OI. Low-frequency dominant electrical conductivity imaging of in vivo human brain using high-frequency conductivity at Larmor-frequency and spherical mean diffusivity without external injection current. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117466. [PMID: 33075557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion weighted imaging based on random Brownian motion of water molecules within a voxel provides information on the micro-structure of biological tissues through water molecule diffusivity. As the electrical conductivity is primarily determined by the concentration and mobility of ionic charge carriers, the macroscopic electrical conductivity of biological tissues is also related to the diffusion of electrical ions. This paper aims to investigate the low-frequency electrical conductivity by relying on a pre-defined biological model that separates the brain into the intracellular (restricted) and extracellular (hindered) compartments. The proposed method uses B1 mapping technique, which provides a high-frequency conductivity distribution at Larmor frequency, and the spherical mean technique, which directly estimates the microscopic tissue structure based on the water molecule diffusivity and neurite orientation distribution. The total extracellular ion concentration, which is separated from the high-frequency conductivity, is recovered using the estimated diffusivity parameters and volume fraction in each compartment. We propose a method to reconstruct the low-frequency dominant conductivity tensor by taking into consideration the extracted extracellular diffusion tensor map and the reconstructed electrical parameters. To demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method, we conducted two phantom experiments. The first one used a cylindrical acrylic cage filled with an agar in the background region and four anomalies for the effect of ion concentration on the electrical conductivity. The other experiment, in which the effect of ion mobility on the conductivity was verified, used cell-like materials with thin insulating membranes suspended in an electrolyte. Animal and human brain experiments were conducted to visualize the low-frequency dominant conductivity tensor images. The proposed method using a conventional MRI scanner can predict the internal current density map in the brain without directly injected external currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Bae Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Je Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-In Kwon
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Shoji K, Kawano R. Recent Advances in Liposome-Based Molecular Robots. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E788. [PMID: 32825332 PMCID: PMC7569806 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A molecular robot is a microorganism-imitating micro robot that is designed from the molecular level and constructed by bottom-up approaches. As with conventional robots, molecular robots consist of three essential robotics elements: control of intelligent systems, sensors, and actuators, all integrated into a single micro compartment. Due to recent developments in microfluidic technologies, DNA nanotechnologies, synthetic biology, and molecular engineering, these individual parts have been developed, with the final picture beginning to come together. In this review, we describe recent developments of these sensors, actuators, and intelligence systems that can be applied to liposome-based molecular robots. First, we explain liposome generation for the compartments of molecular robots. Next, we discuss the emergence of robotics functions by using and functionalizing liposomal membranes. Then, we discuss actuators and intelligence via the encapsulation of chemicals into liposomes. Finally, the future vision and the challenges of molecular robots are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Shoji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka-cho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Michels L, Gorelova V, Harnvanichvech Y, Borst JW, Albada B, Weijers D, Sprakel J. Complete microviscosity maps of living plant cells and tissues with a toolbox of targeting mechanoprobes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18110-18118. [PMID: 32669427 PMCID: PMC7395454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921374117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical patterns control a variety of biological processes in plants. The microviscosity of cellular structures effects the diffusion rate of molecules and organelles, thereby affecting processes such as metabolism and signaling. Spatial variations in local viscosity are also generated during fundamental events in the cell life cycle. While crucial to a complete understanding of plant mechanobiology, resolving subcellular microviscosity patterns in plants has remained an unsolved challenge. We present an imaging microviscosimetry toolbox of molecular rotors that yield complete microviscosity maps of cells and tissues, specifically targeting the cytosol, vacuole, plasma membrane, and wall of plant cells. These boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based molecular rotors are rigidochromic by means of coupling the rate of an intramolecular rotation, which depends on the mechanics of their direct surroundings, with their fluorescence lifetime. This enables the optical mapping of fluidity and porosity patterns in targeted cellular compartments. We show how apparent viscosity relates to cell function in the root, how the growth of cellular protrusions induces local tension, and how the cell wall is adapted to perform actuation surrounding leaf pores. These results pave the way to the noninvasive micromechanical mapping of complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Michels
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Gorelova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yosapol Harnvanichvech
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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31
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Salman Ul Islam, Ahmed MB, Mazhar Ul-Islam, Shehzad A, Lee YS. Switching from Conventional to Nano-natural Phytochemicals to Prevent and Treat Cancers: Special Emphasis on Resveratrol. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3620-3632. [PMID: 31605574 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191009161018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural phytochemicals and their derivatives have been used in medicine since prehistoric times. Natural phytochemicals have potential uses against various disorders, including cancers. However, due to low bioavailability, their success in clinical trials has not been reproduced. Nanotechnology has played a vital role in providing new directions for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of different disorders, and of cancer in particular. Nanotechnology has demonstrated the capability to deliver conventional natural products with poor solubility or a short half-life to target specific sites in the body and regulate the release of drugs. Among the natural products, the phytoalexin resveratrol has demonstrated therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects, as well as the potential to inhibit the initiation and promotion of cancer. However, low water solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism lead to poor bioavailability of resveratrol, hindering its potential. Conventional dosage forms of resveratrol, such as tablets, capsules, dry powder, and injections, have met with limited success. Nanoformulations are now being investigated to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics, as well as to enhance the bioavailability and targetability of resveratrol. OBJECTIVES This review details the therapeutic effectiveness, mode of action, and pharmacokinetic limitations of resveratrol, as well as discusses the successes and challenges of resveratrol nanoformulations. Modern nanotechnology techniques to enhance the encapsulation of resveratrol within nanoparticles and thereby enhance its therapeutic effects are emphasized. CONCLUSION To date, no resveratrol-based nanosystems are in clinical use, and this review would provide a new direction for further investigations on innovative nanodevices that could consolidate the anticancer potential of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Muhammad B Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young S Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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32
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Choi BK, Katoch N, Kim HJ, Park JA, Ko IO, Kwon OI, Woo EJ. Validation of conductivity tensor imaging using giant vesicle suspensions with different ion mobilities. Biomed Eng Online 2020; 19:35. [PMID: 32448134 PMCID: PMC7247266 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-00780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electrical conductivity of a biological tissue at low frequencies can be approximately expressed as a tensor. Noting that cross-sectional imaging of a low-frequency conductivity tensor distribution inside the human body has wide clinical applications of many bioelectromagnetic phenomena, a new conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) technique has been lately developed using an MRI scanner. Since the technique is based on a few assumptions between mobility and diffusivity of ions and water molecules, experimental validations are needed before applying it to clinical studies. Methods We designed two conductivity phantoms each with three compartments. The compartments were filled with electrolytes and/or giant vesicle suspensions. The giant vesicles were cell-like materials with thin insulating membranes. We controlled viscosity of the electrolytes and the giant vesicle suspensions to change ion mobility and therefore conductivity values. The conductivity values of the electrolytes and giant vesicle suspensions were measured using an impedance analyzer before CTI experiments. A 9.4-T research MRI scanner was used to reconstruct conductivity tensor images of the phantoms. Results The CTI technique successfully reconstructed conductivity tensor images of the phantoms with a voxel size of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$0.5\times 0.5\times 0.5\hbox { mm}^3$$\end{document}0.5×0.5×0.5mm3. The relative \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L^2$$\end{document}L2 errors between the conductivity values measured by the impedance analyzer and those reconstructed by the MRI scanner was between 1.1 and 11.5. Conclusions The accuracy of the new CTI technique was estimated to be high enough for most clinical applications. Future studies of animal models and human subjects should be pursued to show the clinical efficacy of the CTI technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bup Kyung Choi
- Department of Medical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Nitish Katoch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Suwon, 17104, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ji Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75, Nowonro, Seoul, 01812, South Korea
| | - In Ok Ko
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75, Nowonro, Seoul, 01812, South Korea
| | - Oh In Kwon
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Eung Je Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Das S, Vörös-Horváth B, Bencsik T, Micalizzi G, Mondello L, Horváth G, Kőszegi T, Széchenyi A. Antimicrobial Activity of Different Artemisia Essential Oil Formulations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102390. [PMID: 32455592 PMCID: PMC7287661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The extreme lipophilicity of essential oils (EOs) impedes the measurement of their biological actions in an aqueous environment. We formulated oil in water type Pickering Artemisiaannua EO nanoemulsions (AEP) with surface-modified Stöber silica nanoparticles (20 nm) as the stabilizing agent. The antimicrobial activity of AEP and its effects on mature Candida biofilms were compared with those of Tween 80 stabilized emulsion (AET) and ethanolic solution (AEE) of the Artemisia EO. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) and minimum effective concentrations (MEC10) of the compounds. On planktonic bacterial and fungal cells beside growth inhibition, colony formation (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, viability, intracellular ATP/total protein (ATP/TP), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also studied. Artemisiaannua EO nanoemulsion (AEP) showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity than AET and AEE. Artemisiaannua EO nanoemulsions (AEP) generated superoxide anion and peroxides-related oxidative stress, which might be the underlying mode of action of the Artemisia EO. Unilamellar liposomes, as a cellular model, were used to examine the delivery efficacy of the EO of our tested formulations. We could demonstrate higher effectiveness of AEP in the EO components’ donation compared to AET and AEE. Our data suggest the superiority of the AEP formulation against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13., Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Barbara Vörös-Horváth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Tímea Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (T.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (L.M.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (T.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13., Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.S.); Tel.: +36-30-4917719 (T.K.); +36-70-3814462 (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Széchenyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.S.); Tel.: +36-30-4917719 (T.K.); +36-70-3814462 (A.S.)
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Dharmaraj K, Román Silva JI, Kahlert H, Lendeckel U, Scholz F. The acid-base and redox properties of menaquinone MK-4, MK-7, and MK-9 (vitamin K 2) in DMPC monolayers on mercury. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:279-288. [PMID: 32372117 PMCID: PMC7244470 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The acid–base and redox properties of the menaquinones MK-4, MK-7, and MK-9 (vitamin K2) have been studied in DMPC monolayers on mercury electrodes. The monolayers were prepared by adhesion-spreading of menaquinone-spiked DMPC liposomes on a stationary mercury drop electrode. All three menaquinones possess \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{p}}K_{{\text{a}}}$$\end{document}pKa constants outside the experimentally accessible range, i.e., they are higher than about 12. The standard potentials of MK-4, MK-7, and MK-9 in the DMPC monolayers are very similar, i.e., 0.351, 0.326, and 0.330 V (corresponding to the biochemical standard potentials − 0.063, − 0.088, and − 0.085 V). Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppasamy Dharmaraj
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Heike Kahlert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fritz Scholz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
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35
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Ivošević DeNardis N, Pletikapić G, Frkanec R, Horvat L, Vernier PT. From algal cells to autofluorescent ghost plasma membrane vesicles. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107524. [PMID: 32272336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane vesicles can be effective, non-toxic carriers for microscale material transport, provide a convenient model for probing membrane-related processes, since intracellular biochemical processes are eliminated. We describe here a fine-tuned protocol for isolating ghost plasma membrane vesicles from the unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta, and preliminary characterization of their structural features and permeability properties, with comparisons to giant unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. The complexity of the algal ghost membrane vesicles reconstructed from the native membrane material released after hypoosmotic stress lies between that of phospholipid vesicles and cells. AFM structural characterization of reconstructed vesicles shows a thick envelope and a nearly empty vesicle interior. The surface of the envelope contains a heterogeneous distribution of densely packed, nanometer-scale globules and pore-like structures which may be derived from surface coat proteins. Confocal fluorescence imaging reveals the highly pigmented photosynthetic apparatus located within the thylakoid membrane and retained in the vesicle membrane. Transport of the fluorescent dye calcein into ghost and giant unilamellar vesicles reveals significant differences in permeability. Expanded knowledge of this unique membrane system will contribute to the design of marine bio-inspired carriers for advanced biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - P Thomas Vernier
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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36
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Israeli R, Kolusheva S, Hadad U, Jelinek R. Imaging Flow Cytometry Illuminates New Dimensions of Amyloid Peptide-Membrane Interactions. Biophys J 2020; 118:1270-1278. [PMID: 32053776 PMCID: PMC7091230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane interactions of amyloidogenic proteins constitute central determinants both in protein aggregation as well as in amyloid cytotoxicity. Most reported studies of amyloid peptide-membrane interactions have employed model membrane systems combined with application of spectroscopy methods or microscopy analysis of individual binding events. Here, we applied for the first time, to our knowledge, imaging flow cytometry for investigating interactions of representative amyloidogenic peptides, namely, the 106-126 fragment of prion protein (PrP(106-126)) and the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), with giant lipid vesicles. Imaging flow cytometry was also applied to examine the inhibition of PrP(106-126)-membrane interactions by epigallocatechin gallate, a known modulator of amyloid peptide aggregation. We show that imaging flow cytometry provided comprehensive population-based statistical information upon morphology changes of the vesicles induced by PrP(106-126) and hIAPP. Specifically, the experiments reveal that both PrP(106-126) and hIAPP induced dramatic transformations of the vesicles, specifically disruption of the spherical shapes, reduction of vesicle circularity, lobe formation, and modulation of vesicle compactness. Interesting differences, however, were apparent between the impact of the two peptides upon the model membranes. The morphology analysis also showed that epigallocatechin gallate ameliorated vesicle disruption by PrP(106-126). Overall, this study demonstrates that imaging flow cytometry provides powerful means for disclosing population-based morphological membrane transformations induced by amyloidogenic peptides and their inhibition by aggregation modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Israeli
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Uzi Hadad
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
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Pandur Ž, Dogsa I, Dular M, Stopar D. Liposome destruction by hydrodynamic cavitation in comparison to chemical, physical and mechanical treatments. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 61:104826. [PMID: 31670247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely applied in research, diagnostics, medicine and in industry. In this study we show for the first time the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on liposome stability and compare it to the effect of well described chemical, physical and mechanical treatments. Fluorescein loaded giant 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipid vesicles were treated with hydrodynamic cavitation as promising method in inactivation of biological samples. Hydrodynamic treatment was compared to various chemical, physical and mechanical stressors such as ionic strength and osmolarity agents (glucose, Na+, Ca2+, and Fe3+), free radicals, shear stresses (pipetting, vortex mixing, rotational shear stress), high pressure, electroporation, centrifugation, surface active agents (Triton X-100, ethanol), microwave irradiation, heating, freezing-thawing, ultrasound (ultrasonic bath, sonotrode). The fluorescence intensity of individual fluorescein loaded lipid vesicles was measured with confocal laser microscopy. The distribution of lipid vesicle size, vesicle fluorescence intensity, and the number of fluorescein loaded vesicles was determined before and after treatment with different stressors. The different environmental stressors were ranked in order of their relative effect on liposome fluorescein release. Of all tested chemical, physical and mechanical treatments for stability of lipid vesicles, the most detrimental effect on vesicles stability had hydrodynamic cavitation, vortex mixing with glass beads and ultrasound. Here we showed, for the first time that hydrodynamic cavitation was among the most effective physico-chemical treatments in destroying lipid vesicles. This work provides a benchmark for lipid vesicle robustness to a variety of different physico-chemical and mechanical parameters important in lipid vesicle preparation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Pandur
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Dogsa
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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Abstract
The combination of supramolecular functional systems with biomolecular chemistry has been a fruitful exercise for decades, leading to a greater understanding of biomolecules and to a great variety of applications, for example, in drug delivery and sensing. Within these developments, the phospholipid bilayer membrane, surrounding live cells, with all its functions has also intrigued supramolecular chemists. Herein, recent efforts from the supramolecular chemistry community to mimic natural functions of lipid membranes, such as sensing, molecular recognition, membrane fusion, signal transduction, and gated transport, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barba-Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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Lefrançois P, Goudeau B, Arbault S. Dynamic monitoring of a bi-enzymatic reaction at a single biomimetic giant vesicle. Analyst 2020; 145:7922-7931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles were used as individual biomimetic micro-reactors wherein a model bi-enzymatic reaction involving a glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was monitored by confocal microscopy.
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40
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Antimicrobial Activity of Chamomile Essential Oil: Effect of Different Formulations. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234321. [PMID: 31779245 PMCID: PMC6930572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are highly lipophilic, which makes the measurement of their biological action difficult in an aqueous environment. We formulated a Pickering nanoemulsion of chamomile EO (CPe). Surface-modified Stöber silica nanoparticles (20 nm) were prepared and used as a stabilizing agent of CPe. The antimicrobial activity of CPe was compared with that of emulsion stabilized with Tween 80 (CT80) and ethanolic solution (CEt). The antimicrobial effects were assessed by their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) and minimum effective (MEC10) concentrations. Besides growth inhibition (CFU/mL), the metabolic activity and viability of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as Candida species, in addition to the generation of oxygen free radical species (ROS), were studied. We followed the killing activity of CPe and analyzed the efficiency of the EO delivery for examined formulations by using unilamellar liposomes as a cellular model. CPe showed significantly higher antibacterial and antifungal activities than CT80 and CEt. Chamomile EOs generated superoxide anion and peroxide related oxidative stress which might be the major mode of action of Ch essential oil. We could also demonstrate that CPe was the most effective in donation of the active EO components when compared with CT80 and CEt. Our data suggest that CPe formulation is useful in the fight against microbial infections.
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41
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Design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of iridium(III) complex-peptide hybrids that contain hydrophobic acyl groups at the N-terminus of the peptide units. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Dogra N, Balaraman RP, Kohli P. Chemically Engineered Synthetic Lipid Vesicles for Sensing and Visualization of Protein-Bilayer Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2136-2149. [PMID: 31314501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
From pathogen intrusion to immune response, the cell membrane plays an important role in signal transduction. Such signals are important for cellular proliferation and survival. However, measurement of these subtle signals through the lipid membrane scaffold is challenging. We present a chromatic model membrane vesicle system engineered to covalently bind with lysine residues of protein molecules for investigation of cellular interactions and signaling. We discovered that different protein molecules induced differential spectroscopic signals, which is based on the chemical and physical properties of protein interacting at the vesicle surface. The observed chromatic response (CR) for bound protein molecules with higher molecular weight was much larger (∼5-15×) than those for low molecular weight proteins. Through mass spectrometry (MS), we found that only 6 out of 60 (10%) lysine groups present in bovine serum albumin (BSA) were accessible to the membrane of the vesicles. Finally, a "sphere-shell" model representing the protein-vesicle complex was used for evaluating the contribution of van der Waals interactions between proteins and vesicles. Our analysis points to contributions from van der Waals, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions toward observed CR signals resulting from molecular interactions at the vesicle membrane surface. Overall, this study provided a convenient, chromatic, semiquantitative method of detecting biomolecules and their interactions with model membranes at sub-nanomolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Dogra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States.,IBM T. J. Watson Research Center , Yorktown Heights , New York 10058 , United States.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Rajesh P Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - Punit Kohli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
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43
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Katoch N, Choi BK, Sajib SZK, Lee E, Kim HJ, Kwon OI, Woo EJ. Conductivity Tensor Imaging of In Vivo Human Brain and Experimental Validation Using Giant Vesicle Suspension. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2019; 38:1569-1577. [PMID: 30507528 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2884440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human brain mapping of low-frequency electrical conductivity tensors can realize patient-specific volume conductor models for neuroimaging and electrical stimulation. We report experimental validation and in vivo human experiments of a new electrodeless conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) method. From CTI imaging of a giant vesicle suspension using a 9.4-T MRI scanner, the relative error in the reconstructed conductivity tensor image was found to be less than 1.7% compared with the measured value using an impedance analyzer. In vivo human brain imaging experiments of five subjects were followed using a 3-T clinical MRI scanner. With the spatial resolution of 1.87 mm, the white matter conductivity showed considerably more position dependency compared with the gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The anisotropy ratio of the white matter was in the range of 1.96-3.25 with a mean value of 2.43, whereas that of the gray matter was in the range of 1.12-1.19 with a mean value of 1.16. The three diagonal components of the reconstructed conductivity tensors were from 0.08 to 0.27 S/m for the white matter, from 0.20 to 0.30 S/m for the gray matter, and from 1.55 to 1.82 S/m for the CSF. The reconstructed conductivity tensor images exhibited significant inter-subject variabilities in terms of frequency and position dependencies. The high-frequency and low-frequency conductivity values can quantify the total and extracellular water contents, respectively, at every pixel. Their difference can quantify the intracellular water content at every pixel. The CTI method can separately quantify the contributions of ion concentrations and mobility to the conductivity tensor.
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44
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Göpfrich K, Haller B, Staufer O, Dreher Y, Mersdorf U, Platzman I, Spatz JP. One-Pot Assembly of Complex Giant Unilamellar Vesicle-Based Synthetic Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:937-947. [PMID: 31042361 PMCID: PMC6528161 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here, we introduce
a one-pot method for the bottom-up assembly
of complex single- and multicompartment synthetic cells. Cellular
components are enclosed within giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs),
produced at the milliliter scale directly from small unilamellar vesicles
(SUVs) or proteoliposomes with only basic laboratory equipment within
minutes. Toward this end, we layer an aqueous solution, containing
SUVs and all biocomponents, on top of an oil–surfactant mix.
Manual shaking induces the spontaneous formation of surfactant-stabilized
water-in-oil droplets with a spherical supported lipid bilayer at
their periphery. Finally, to release GUV-based synthetic cells from
the oil and the surfactant shell into the physiological environment,
we add an aqueous buffer and a droplet-destabilizing agent. We prove
that the obtained GUVs are unilamellar by reconstituting the pore-forming
membrane protein α-hemolysin and assess the membrane quality
with cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), fluorescence
recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and zeta-potential measurements
as well as confocal fluorescence imaging. We further demonstrate that
our GUV formation method overcomes key challenges of standard techniques,
offering high volumes, a flexible choice of lipid compositions and
buffer conditions, straightforward coreconstitution of proteins, and
a high encapsulation efficiency of biomolecules and even large cargo
including cells. We thereby provide a simple, robust, and broadly
applicable strategy to mass-produce complex multicomponent GUVs for
high-throughput testing in synthetic biology and biomedicine, which
can directly be implemented in laboratories around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Göpfrich
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Haller
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oskar Staufer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Dreher
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mersdorf
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Dissecting the effects of free fatty acids on the thermodynamic stability of complex model membranes mimicking insulin secretory granules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:167-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hürtgen D, Vogel SK, Schwille P. Cytoskeletal and Actin-Based Polymerization Motors and Their Role in Minimal Cell Design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800311. [PMID: 32648711 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Life implies motion. In cells, protein-based active molecular machines drive cell locomotion and intracellular transport, control cell shape, segregate genetic material, and split a cell in two parts. Key players among molecular machines driving these various cell functions are the cytoskeleton and motor proteins that convert chemical bound energy into mechanical work. Findings over the last decades in the field of in vitro reconstitutions of cytoskeletal and motor proteins have elucidated mechanistic details of these active protein systems. For example, a complex spatial and temporal interplay between the cytoskeleton and motor proteins is responsible for the translation of chemically bound energy into (directed) movement and force generation, which eventually governs the emergence of complex cellular functions. Understanding these mechanisms and the design principles of the cytoskeleton and motor proteins builds the basis for mimicking fundamental life processes. Here, a brief overview of actin, prokaryotic actin analogs, and motor proteins and their potential role in the design of a minimal cell from the bottom-up is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hürtgen
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology & LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven Kenjiro Vogel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
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47
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Pahila J, Ishikawa Y, Ohshima T. Effects of Ergothioneine-Rich Mushroom Extract on the Oxidative Stability of Astaxanthin in Liposomes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3491-3501. [PMID: 30789726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine-rich crude extracts of Pleurotus cornucopiae were used as a source of antioxidative components to control the effects of lipid oxidation in astaxanthin-containing liposomes. This study aimed to elucidate the interactions of liposomal astaxanthin and lipids with ergothioneine-rich mushroom extract (ME) under radical oxidation-induced conditions to provide a better understanding of the agricultural and postharvest applications of this strategy. Azo compounds (2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were used as hydrophilic and lipophilic radical initiators, respectively. Results of this study demonstrate that the presence of ME significantly delayed the oxidative degradation of astaxanthin and controlled the progress of lipid oxidation in a liposomal system. The lipid hydroperoxide formation was significantly suppressed, while polyunsaturated fatty acids were protected from degradation. In addition, Crude ME also demonstrated more potent DPPH radical scavenging activities and EC50 than the equimolar concentrations of ergothioneine alone, which suggested the presence of additional compounds with antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Pahila
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8477 , Japan
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8477 , Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohshima
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8477 , Japan
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48
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Zhu K, Lv T, Qin T, Huang Y, Wang L, Liu B. A flavonoid-based fluorescent probe enables the accurate quantification of human serum albumin by minimizing the interference from blood lipids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13983-13986. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We herein provide a simple design strategy to improve the sensing specificity towards human serum albumin by incorporating a nitrobenzene quencher into a traditional polarity-sensitive probe in responding to the interference from blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Taoyuze Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Qin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
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49
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Ben-Zichri S, Kolusheva S, Danilenko M, Ossikbayeva S, Stabbert WJ, Poggio JL, Stein DE, Orynbayeva Z, Jelinek R. Cardiolipin mediates curcumin interactions with mitochondrial membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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50
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Malishev R, Kolusheva S, Jelinek R. Vesicle-Based Assays to Study Membrane Interactions of Amyloid Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1873:39-51. [PMID: 30341602 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8820-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growing interest in membrane interactions of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins emanates from the realization that lipid bilayers and membranes play central roles in the toxicity and pathological pathways of amyloid diseases. This chapter presents experimental schemes designed to study membrane interactions and membrane-induced fibrillation of amyloid peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravit Malishev
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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