1
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Vatte S, Ugale R. HIF-1, an important regulator in potential new therapeutic approaches to ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105605. [PMID: 37657765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide due to the narrow therapeutic window of the only approved therapies like intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a sensitive regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and its expression is rapidly induced after hypoxia/ischemia. It plays an extensive role in the pathophysiology of stroke by regulating multiple pathways including glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, neuronal survival, neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier regulation. Here, we give a brief overview of the HIF-1α-targeting strategies currently under investigation and summarise recent research on how HIF-1α is regulated in various brain cells, including neurons and microglia, at various stages in ischemic stroke. The roles of HIF-1 in stroke varies with ischemic time and degree of ischemia, are still up for debate. More focus has been placed on prospective HIF-1α targeting drugs, such as HIF-1α activator, HIF-1α stabilizers, and natural compounds. In this review, we have highlighted the regulation of HIF-1α in the novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Vatte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India.
| | - Rajesh Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India.
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2
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Phillips CM, Stamatovic SM, Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV. Epigenetics and stroke: role of DNA methylation and effect of aging on blood-brain barrier recovery. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:14. [PMID: 36855111 PMCID: PMC9972738 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete recovery of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function contributes to stroke outcomes. How the BBB recovers after stroke remains largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic factors play a significant role in regulating post-stroke BBB recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the epigenetic and transcriptional profile of cerebral microvessels after thromboembolic (TE) stroke to define potential causes of limited BBB recovery. RNA-sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analyses were performed using microvessels isolated from young (6 months) and old (18 months) mice seven days poststroke compared to age-matched sham controls. DNA methylation profiling of poststroke brain microvessels revealed 11,287 differentially methylated regions (DMR) in old and 9818 DMR in young mice, corresponding to annotated genes. These DMR were enriched in genes encoding cell structural proteins (e.g., cell junction, and cell polarity, actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix), transporters and channels (e.g., potassium transmembrane transporter, organic anion and inorganic cation transporters, calcium ion transport), and proteins involved in endothelial cell processes (e.g., angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, cell signaling and transcription regulation). Integrated analysis of methylation and RNA sequencing identified changes in cell junctions (occludin), actin remodeling (ezrin) as well as signaling pathways like Rho GTPase (RhoA and Cdc42ep4). Aging as a hub of aberrant methylation affected BBB recovery processes by profound alterations (hypermethylation and repression) in structural protein expression (e.g., claudin-5) as well as activation of a set of genes involved in endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (e.g., Sox9, Snai1), repression of angiogenesis and epigenetic regulation. These findings revealed that DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating BBB repair after stroke, through regulating processes associated with BBB restoration and prevalently with processes enhancing BBB injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Phillips
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Svetlana M Stamatovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, 7520A MSRB I, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, 7520A MSRB I, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anuska V Andjelkovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, 7520A MSRB I, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, 7520A MSRB I, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA.
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3
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Hwang SH, Kim J, Heo C, Yoon J, Kim H, Lee SH, Park HW, Heo MS, Moon HE, Kim C, Paek SH, Jang J. 3D printed multi-growth factor delivery patches fabricated using dual-crosslinked decellularized extracellular matrix-based hybrid inks to promote cerebral angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:137-148. [PMID: 36460287 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Generally, brain angiogenesis is a tightly regulated process, which scarcely occurred in the absence of specific pathological conditions. Delivery of exogenous angiogenic factors enables the induction of desired angiogenesis by stimulating neovasculature formation. However, effective strategies of mimicking the angiogenesis process with exogenous factors have not yet been fully explored. Herein, we develop a 3D printed spatiotemporally compartmentalized cerebral angiogenesis inducing (SCAI) hydrogel patch, releasing dual angiogenic growth factors (GFs), using extracellular matrix-based hybrid inks. We introduce a new hybrid biomaterial-based ink for printing patches through dual crosslinking mechanisms: Chemical crosslinking with aza-Michael addition reaction with combining methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and vascular-tissue-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (VdECM), and thermal crosslinking of VdECM. 3D printing technology, a useful approach with fabrication versatility with customizable systems and multiple biomaterials, is adopted to print three-layered hydrogel patch with spatially separated dual GFs as outer- and inner-layers that provide tunable release profiles of multiple GFs and fabrication versatility. Consequently, these layers of the patch spatiotemporally separated with dual GFs induce excellent neovascularization in the brain area, monitored by label-free photoacoustic microscopy in vivo. The developed multi-GFs releasing patch may offer a promising therapeutic approach of spatiotemporal drugs releasing such as cerebral ischemia, ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, and even use as vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Effective strategies of mimicking the angiogenesis process with exogenous factors have not yet been fully explored. In this study, we develop a 3D printed spatiotemporally compartmentalized cerebral angiogenesis inducing (SCAI) hydrogel patch, releasing dual angiogenic growth factors (GFs) using extracellular matrix-based hybrid inks. We introduce a new hybrid biomaterial-based ink through dual crosslinking mechanisms: Chemical crosslinking with aza-Michael addition, and thermal crosslinking. 3D printing technology is adopted to print three-layered hydrogel patch with spatially separated dual GFs as outer- and inner-layers that provide tunable release profiles of multiple GFs and fabrication versatility. Consequently, these layers of the patch spatiotemporally separated with dual GFs induce excellent neovascularization in the brain area, monitored by photoacoustic microscopy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbeom Kim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungbin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hwan Lee
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Ischemia/Hypoxia Disease Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Seung Heo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Ischemia/Hypoxia Disease Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Ischemia/Hypoxia Disease Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Departments of Electrical Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Ischemia/Hypoxia Disease Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Phillips C, Stamatovic S, Keep R, Andjelkovic A. Epigenetics and stroke: role of DNA methylation and effect of aging on blood-brain barrier recovery. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2444060. [PMID: 36711725 PMCID: PMC9882686 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2444060/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete recovery of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function contributes to stroke outcomes. How the BBB recovers after stroke remains largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic factors play a significant role in regulating post-stroke BBB recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the epigenetic and transcriptional profile of cerebral microvessels after thromboembolic (TE) stroke to define potential causes of limited BBB recovery. RNA-sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analyses were performed using microvessels isolated from young (6 months) and old (18 months) mice seven days poststroke compared to age-matched sham controls. DNA methylation profiling of poststroke brain microvessels revealed 11287 differentially methylated regions (DMR) in old and 9818 DMR in young mice, corresponding to annotated genes. These DMR were enriched in genes encoding cell structural proteins (e.g., cell junction, and cell polarity, actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix), transporters and channels (e.g., potassium transmembrane transporter, organic anion and inorganic cation transporters, calcium ion transport), and proteins involved in endothelial cell processes (e.g., angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, cell signaling and transcription regulation). Integrated analysis of methylation and RNA sequencing identified changes in cell junctions (occludin), actin remodeling (ezrin) as well as signaling pathways like Rho GTPase (RhoA and Cdc42ep4). Aging as a hub of aberrant methylation affected BBB recovery processes by profound alterations (hypermethylation and repression) in structural protein expression (e.g., claudin-5) as well as activation of a set of genes involved in endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (e.g., Sox17 , Snail1 ), repression of angiogenesis and epigenetic regulation. These findings revealed that DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating BBB repair after stroke, through regulating processes associated with BBB restoration and prevalently with processes enhancing BBB injury.
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5
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Espeland MA, Evans JK, Carmichael O, Luchsinger JA, Marcovina SM, Neiberg R, Johnson KC, Kahn SE, Hayden KM. Association of cognition with leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1863-1874. [PMID: 35920161 PMCID: PMC9420754 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 10-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) of the Look AHEAD study left a legacy of relative deficits in cognitive function among participants who entered the clinical trial with obesity or a history of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that altered levels of two weight-sensitive proangiogenic cytokines, leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), accounted for this concerning finding. METHODS Serum leptin and VEGF concentrations were determined in 1,279 Look AHEAD participants at baseline, proximal to cessation of the interventions (Epoch 1), and an average of 4 years later (Epoch 2). Up to four standardized assessments of attention, executive function, and memory were collected during follow-up. Mixed effects models were used to assess relative differences in leptin and VEGF concentrations between intervention groups and whether these accounted for changes in cognitive composite scores. RESULTS ILI and diabetes support and education differences in VEGF, but not leptin, concentrations varied depending on baseline history of cardiovascular disease and obesity, but neither leptin nor VEGF concentrations accounted for the relative decrements in cognitive function in participants assigned to ILI. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in two weight-sensitive proangiogenic cytokines did not account for the long-term adverse effects of ILI on cognitive function among adults with diabetes and either obesity or cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Espeland
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joni K. Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Jose A. Luchsinger
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Rebecca Neiberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Karen C. Johnson
- Department of Preventive MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Steven E. Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and NutritionVA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health PolicyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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6
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Brandebura AN, Kolson DR, Amick EM, Ramadan J, Kersting MC, Nichol RH, Holcomb PS, Mathers PH, Stoilov P, Spirou GA. Transcriptional profiling reveals roles of intercellular Fgf9 signaling in astrocyte maturation and synaptic refinement during brainstem development. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102176. [PMID: 35753346 PMCID: PMC9304775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue maturation is a coordinated process under tight transcriptional control. We previously analyzed the kinetics of gene expression in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in the brainstem during the critical postnatal phase of its development. While this work revealed timed execution of transcriptional programs, it was blind to the specific cells where gene expression changes occurred. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA-Seq to determine transcriptional profiles of each major MNTB cell type. We discerned directional signaling patterns between neuronal, glial, and vascular-associated cells for VEGF, TGFβ, and Delta-Notch pathways during a robust period of vascular remodeling in the MNTB. Furthermore, we describe functional outcomes of the disruption of neuron-astrocyte fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) signaling. We used a conditional KO (cKO) approach to genetically delete Fgf9 from principal neurons in the MNTB, which led to an early onset of glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap) expression in astrocytes. In turn, Fgf9 cKO mice show increased levels of astrocyte-enriched brevican (Bcan), a component of the perineuronal net matrix that ensheaths principal neurons in the MNTB and the large calyx of Held terminal, while levels of the neuron-enriched hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (Hapln1) were unchanged. Finally, volumetric analysis of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (Vglut1/2), which serves as a proxy for terminal size, revealed an increase in calyx of Held volume in the Fgf9 cKO. Overall, we demonstrate a coordinated neuron-astrocyte Fgf9 signaling network that functions to regulate astrocyte maturation, perineuronal net structure, and synaptic refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Brandebura
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Douglas R Kolson
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Emily M Amick
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jad Ramadan
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew C Kersting
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert H Nichol
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Paul S Holcomb
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Peter H Mathers
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
| | - George A Spirou
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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Zhang Y, Mu Y, Ding H, Du B, Zhou M, Li Q, Gong S, Zhang F, Geng D, Wang Y. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes Angiogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Rats by Upregulating the TGF-β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:769717. [PMID: 35369317 PMCID: PMC8966232 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.769717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a disease with high morbidity, disability and mortality, which seriously endangers the life span and quality of life of people worldwide. Angiogenesis and neuroprotection are the key to the functional recovery of penumbra function after acute cerebral infarction. In this study, we used the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to investigate the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Cerebral infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. A laser speckle flow imaging system was used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) around the ischemic cortex of the infarction, followed by platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) and isolectin-B4 (IB4) immunofluorescence. The expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), TGF-β, Smad2/3, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed by western blot and RT-qPCR. Results showed that compared with the sham group, the cerebral infarction volume was significantly increased while the CBF was reduced remarkably in the MCAO group. 1,25-D3 reduced cerebral infarction volume, increased the recovery of CBF and expressions of VDR, TGF-β, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and VEGF, significantly increased IB4+ tip cells and CD31+ vascular length in the peri-infarct area compared with the DMSO group. The VDR antagonist pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P) partially reversed the neuroprotective effects of 1,25-D3 described above. In summary, 1,25-D3 plays a neuroprotective role in stroke by activating VDR and promoting the activation of TGF-β, which in turn up-regulates the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, increases the release of VEGF and thus promotes angiogenesis, suggesting that this signaling pathway may be an effective target for ischemic stroke treatment. 1,25-D3 is considered to be a neuroprotective agent and is expected to be an effective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Mu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shitong Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fuchi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Deqin Geng
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqiang Wang
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8
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He Q, Ma Y, Liu J, Zhang D, Ren J, Zhao R, Chang J, Guo ZN, Yang Y. Biological Functions and Regulatory Mechanisms of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2021; 12:801985. [PMID: 34966392 PMCID: PMC8710457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by insufficient cerebrovascular blood and oxygen supply. It is a major contributor to death or disability worldwide and has become a heavy societal and clinical burden. To date, effective treatments for ischemic stroke are limited, and innovative therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a sensitive regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and its expression is rapidly induced after hypoxia/ischemia. It plays an extensive role in the pathophysiology of stroke, including neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and blood brain barrier regulation. In addition, the spatiotemporal expression profile of HIF-1α in the brain shifts with the progression of ischemic stroke; this has led to contradictory findings regarding its function in previous studies. Therefore, unveiling the Janus face of HIF-1α and its target genes in different type of cells and exploring the role of HIF-1α in inflammatory responses after ischemia is of great importance for revealing the pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. Herein, we provide a succinct overview of the current approaches targeting HIF-1α and summarize novel findings concerning HIF-1α regulation in different types of cells within neurovascular units, including neurons, endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia, during the different stages of ischemic stroke. The current representative translational approaches focused on neuroprotection by targeting HIF-1α are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dianhui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - JunLei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Zhao YT, Fallas JA, Saini S, Ueda G, Somasundaram L, Zhou Z, Xavier Raj I, Xu C, Carter L, Wrenn S, Mathieu J, Sellers DL, Baker D, Ruohola-Baker H. F-domain valency determines outcome of signaling through the angiopoietin pathway. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53471. [PMID: 34698433 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietins 1 and 2 (Ang1 and Ang2) regulate angiogenesis through their similar F-domains by activating Tie2 receptors on endothelial cells. Despite the similarity in the underlying receptor-binding interaction, the two angiopoietins have opposite effects: Ang1 induces phosphorylation of AKT, strengthens cell-cell junctions, and enhances endothelial cell survival while Ang2 can antagonize these effects, depending on cellular context. To investigate the molecular basis for the opposing effects, we examined the phenotypes of a series of computationally designed protein scaffolds presenting the Ang1 F-domain in a wide range of valencies and geometries. We find two broad phenotypic classes distinguished by the number of presented F-domains: Scaffolds presenting 3 or 4 F-domains have Ang2-like activity, upregulating pFAK and pERK but not pAKT, while scaffolds presenting 6, 8, 12, 30, or 60 F-domains have Ang1-like activity, upregulating pAKT and inducing migration and vascular stability. The scaffolds with 6 or more F-domains display super-agonist activity, producing stronger phenotypes at lower concentrations than Ang1. Tie2 super-agonist nanoparticles reduced blood extravasation and improved blood-brain barrier integrity four days after a controlled cortical impact injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jorge A Fallas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shally Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Logeshwaran Somasundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ziben Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Infencia Xavier Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chunfu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel Wrenn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew L Sellers
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Zimmerman B, Rypma B, Gratton G, Fabiani M. Age-related changes in cerebrovascular health and their effects on neural function and cognition: A comprehensive review. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13796. [PMID: 33728712 PMCID: PMC8244108 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging includes changes in cellular biology that affect local interactions between cells and their environments and eventually propagate to systemic levels. In the brain, where neurons critically depend on an efficient and dynamic supply of oxygen and glucose, age-related changes in the complex interaction between the brain parenchyma and the cerebrovasculature have effects on health and functioning that negatively impact cognition and play a role in pathology. Thus, cerebrovascular health is considered one of the main mechanisms by which a healthy lifestyle, such as habitual cardiorespiratory exercise and a healthful diet, could lead to improved cognitive outcomes with aging. This review aims at detailing how the physiology of the cerebral vascular system changes with age and how these changes lead to differential trajectories of cognitive maintenance or decline. This provides a framework for generating specific mechanistic hypotheses about the efficacy of proposed interventions and lifestyle covariates that contribute to enhanced cognitive well-being. Finally, we discuss the methodological implications of age-related changes in the cerebral vasculature for human cognitive neuroscience research and propose directions for future experiments aimed at investigating age-related changes in the relationship between physiology and cognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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11
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Lu CY, Santosa KB, Jablonka-Shariff A, Vannucci B, Fuchs A, Turnbull I, Pan D, Wood MD, Snyder-Warwick AK. Macrophage-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Is Integral to Neuromuscular Junction Reinnervation after Nerve Injury. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9602-9616. [PMID: 33158964 PMCID: PMC7726545 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1736-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery in the end target muscle is a determinant of outcome after peripheral nerve injury. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) provides the interface between nerve and muscle and includes non-myelinating terminal Schwann cells (tSCs). After nerve injury, tSCs extend cytoplasmic processes between NMJs to guide axon growth and NMJ reinnervation. The mechanisms related to NMJ reinnervation are not known. We used multiple mouse models to investigate the mechanisms of NMJ reinnervation in both sexes, specifically whether macrophage-derived vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A) is crucial to establishing NMJ reinnervation at the end target muscle. Both macrophage number and Vegf-A expression increased in end target muscles after nerve injury and repair. In mice with impaired recruitment of macrophages and monocytes (Ccr2-/- mice), the absence of CD68+ cells (macrophages) in the muscle resulted in diminished muscle function. Using a Vegf-receptor 2 (VegfR2) inhibitor (cabozantinib; CBZ) via oral gavage in wild-type (WT) mice resulted in reduced tSC cytoplasmic process extension and decreased NMJ reinnervation compared with saline controls. Mice with Vegf-A conditionally knocked out in macrophages (Vegf-Afl/fl; LysMCre mice) demonstrated a more prolonged detrimental effect on NMJ reinnervation and worse functional muscle recovery. Together, these results show that contributions of the immune system are integral for NMJ reinnervation and functional muscle recovery after nerve injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work demonstrates beneficial contributions of a macrophage-mediated response for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) reinnervation following nerve injury and repair. Macrophage recruitment occurred at the NMJ, distant from the nerve injury site, to support functional recovery at the muscle. We have shown hindered terminal Schwann cell (tSC) injury response and NMJ recovery with inhibition of: (1) macrophage recruitment after injury; (2) vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VegfR2) signaling; and (3) Vegf secretion from macrophages. We conclude that macrophage-derived Vegf is a key component of NMJ recovery after injury. Determining the mechanisms active at the end target muscle after motor nerve injury reveals new therapeutic targets that may translate to improve motor recovery following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuieng-Yi Lu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
- Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District 33305, Taiwan
| | - Katherine B Santosa
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-4217
| | - Albina Jablonka-Shariff
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
| | - Bianca Vannucci
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
| | - Anja Fuchs
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
| | - Isaiah Turnbull
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
| | - Deng Pan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
| | - Alison K Snyder-Warwick
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093
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12
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Memanishvili T, Monni E, Tatarishivili J, Lindvall O, Tsiskaridze A, Kokaia Z, Tornero D. Poly(ester amide) microspheres are efficient vehicles for long-term intracerebral growth factor delivery and improve functional recovery after stroke. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:065020. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aba4f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Markosyan V, Safiullov Z, Izmailov A, Fadeev F, Sokolov M, Kuznetsov M, Trofimov D, Kim E, Kundakchyan G, Gibadullin A, Salafutdinov I, Nurullin L, Bashirov F, Islamov R. Preventive Triple Gene Therapy Reduces the Negative Consequences of Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury after Modelling Stroke in a Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186858. [PMID: 32962079 PMCID: PMC7558841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the main fundamental and clinical interest for stroke therapy is focused on developing a neuroprotective treatment of a penumbra region within the therapeutic window. The development of treatments for ischemic stroke in at-risk patients is of particular interest. Preventive gene therapy may significantly reduce the negative consequences of ischemia-induced brain injury. In the present study, we suggest the approach of preventive gene therapy for stroke. Adenoviral vectors carrying genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) or gene engineered umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MC) overexpressing recombinant VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM were intrathecally injected before distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. Post-ischemic brain recovery was investigated 21 days after stroke modelling. Morphometric and immunofluorescent analysis revealed a reduction of infarction volume accompanied with a lower number of apoptotic cells and decreased expression of Hsp70 in the peri-infarct region in gene-treated animals. The lower immunopositive areas for astrocytes and microglial cells markers, higher number of oligodendrocytes and increased expression of synaptic proteins suggest the inhibition of astrogliosis, supporting the corresponding myelination and functional recovery of neurons in animals receiving preventive gene therapy. In this study, for the first time, we provide evidence of the beneficial effects of preventive triple gene therapy by an adenoviral- or UCB-MC-mediated intrathecal simultaneous delivery combination of vegf165, gdnf, and ncam1 on the preservation and recovery of the brain in rats with subsequent modelling of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vage Markosyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Zufar Safiullov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrei Izmailov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filip Fadeev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Mikhail Sokolov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Maksim Kuznetsov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Dmitry Trofimov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Evgeny Kim
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Grayr Kundakchyan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan [Volga Region] Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Airat Gibadullin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Ilnur Salafutdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan [Volga Region] Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Leniz Nurullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Farid Bashirov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Rustem Islamov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kim J, Shin K, Cha Y, Ban YH, Park SK, Jeong HS, Park D, Choi EK, Kim YB. Neuroprotective effects of human neural stem cells over-expressing choline acetyltransferase in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 103:101730. [PMID: 31837389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most-devastating brain diseases causing acute death or permanent disability. Although tissue-type plasminogen activator was approved by Food and Drug Administration for early reperfusion of the occluded vessels, oxidative injury may cause extensive brain infarction. Accordingly, there is a need for effective neuroprotection during reperfusion, and stem cell-based therapeutic approaches should fulfill this requirement. We established human neural stem cells (NSCs) encoding gene of choline acetyltransferase (F3.ChAT), an acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, and investigated whether infusion of the F3.ChAT cells attenuate the ischemia-reperfusion brain damage in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). F3.ChAT cells were found to produce much higher amounts of ChAT as well as neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory neurotrophins than their parental F3 NSCs. After 2-h occlusion, the artery was reperfused, along with intravenous infusion of the stem cells (1 × 106 cells/rat). Administration of the F3.ChAT cells markedly reduced the infarction volume and improved both the cognitive dysfunction and behavioural deficits of MCAO animals, in which F3.ChAT cells were superior to F3 cells. F3.ChAT cells not only restored microtubule-associated protein-2, a neuronal cytoskeletal protein, and preserved microvessels, but also suppressed lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the brain tissues. The results demonstrate that early intravenous infusion of NSCs expressing ChAT and neurotrophins attenuate brain and capillary injuries and restore neurobehavioural functions via neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities, and that F3.ChAT cells could be a candidate for the neuroprotection and functional recovery of acute stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungha Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Ban
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyeong Park
- Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Sang Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Ping S, Qiu X, Kyle M, Hughes K, Longo J, Zhao LR. Stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promote brain repair and improve cognitive function through VEGF-A in a mouse model of CADASIL. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104561. [PMID: 31376480 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarct and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a cerebral small vascular disease caused by NOTCH3 gene mutation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. To date, the pathogenesis of CADASIL remains poorly understood, and there is no treatment that can slow the progression of CADASIL. Using a transgenic mouse model of CADASIL (TgNotch3R90C), this study reveals novel findings for understanding CADASIL pathogenesis that decreased cerebral vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/VEGF-A) is linked to reduced cerebral blood vessel density. Reduced endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and angiogenesis are seen in TgNotch3R90C mouse brain-isolated ECs. Decreased dendrites, axons, and synapses in the somatosensory and motor cortex layer 2/3 and in the hippocampal CA1, and reduced neurogenesis in both the subventricular zone and subgranular zone occur in 15-month-old TgNotch3R90C mice. These reductions in neuron structures, synapses, and neurogenesis are significantly correlated to decreased cerebral vasculature in the corresponding areas. Impaired spatial learning and memory in TgNotch3R90C mice are significantly correlated with the reduced cerebral vasculature, neuron structures, and synapses. Repeated treatment of stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (SCF+G-CSF) at 9 and 10 months of age improves cognitive function, increases cerebral VEGF/VEGF-A, restores cerebral vasculature, and enhances regeneration of neuronal structures, synaptogenesis and neurogenesis in TgNotch3R90C mice. Pretreatment with Avastin, an angiogenesis inhibitor by neutralizing VEGF-A, completely eliminates the SCF+G-CSF-enhanced cognitive function, vascular and neuronal structure regeneration, synaptogenesis and neurogenesis in TgNotch3R90C mice. SCF+G-CSF-enhanced EC proliferation and angiogenesis in TgNotch3R90C mouse brain-isolated ECs are also blocked by Avastin pretreatment. These data suggest that SCF+G-CSF treatment may repair Notch3R90C mutation-damaged brain through the VEGF-A-mediated angiogenesis. This study provides novel insight into the involvement of VEGF/VEGF-A in the pathogenesis of CADASIL and sheds light on the mechanism underlying the SCF+G-CSF-enhanced brain repair in CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Ping
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Xuecheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michele Kyle
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Karen Hughes
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - John Longo
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Li-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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16
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Spiliopoulos S, Festas G, Reppas L, Brountzos E. Intra-arterial administration of cell-based biological agents for ischemic stroke therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:249-259. [PMID: 30615496 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1566454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke is becoming a primary cause of disability and death worldwide. To date, therapeutic options remain limited focusing on mechanical thrombolysis or administration of thrombolytic agents. However, these therapies do not promote neuroprotection and neuro-restoration of the ischemic area of the brain. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the option of minimal invasive, intra-arterial, administration of biological agents for stroke therapy. The authors provide an update of all available studies, discuss issues that influence outcomes and describe future perspectives which aim to improve clinical outcomes. New therapeutic options based on cellular and molecular interactions following an ischemic brain event, will be highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Intra-arterial administration of biological agents during trans-catheter thrombolysis or thrombectomy could limit neuronal cell death and facilitate regeneration or neurogenesis following ischemic brain injury. Despite the initial progress, further meticulous studies are needed in order to establish the clinical use of stem cell-induced neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Spiliopoulos
- a 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Festas
- a 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Lazaros Reppas
- a 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Elias Brountzos
- a 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Athens , Greece
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17
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Zhang H, Wu J, Wu J, Fan Q, Zhou J, Wu J, Liu S, Zang J, Ye J, Xiao M, Tian T, Gao J. Exosome-mediated targeted delivery of miR-210 for angiogenic therapy after cerebral ischemia in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:29. [PMID: 30782171 PMCID: PMC6379944 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence shows that microRNA-210 (miR-210) holds great promise to improve angiogenesis for brain tissue repair after cerebral ischemia. However, safe and efficient delivery of miR-210 via intravenous administration is still a challenge. In the past decade, exosomes have emerged as a novel endogenous delivery system. Here, c(RGDyK) peptide is conjugated to exosomes, and they are loaded with cholesterol-modified miR-210 (RGD-exo:miR-210). Results In a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model, the RGD-exo:miR-210 targets the lesion region of the ischemic brain after intravenous administration, resulting in an increase in miR-210 at the site. Furthermore, RGD-exo:miR-210 are administered once every other day for 14 days, and the expressions of integrin β3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 are significantly upregulated. The animal survival rate is also enhanced. Conclusions These results suggest a strategy for the targeted delivery of miR-210 to ischemic brain and provide an angiogenic agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0461-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Zhang
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Wu
- The Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahuan Wu
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Fan
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingchao Zhou
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junwen Wu
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sichen Liu
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zang
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Gao
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Carmen-Orozco RP, Dávila-Villacorta DG, Cauna Y, Bernal-Teran EG, Bitterfeld L, Sutherland GL, Chile N, Céliz RH, Ferrufino-Schmidt MC, Gavídia CM, Sterling CR, García HH, Gilman RH, Verástegui MR. Blood-brain barrier disruption and angiogenesis in a rat model for neurocysticercosis. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:137-148. [PMID: 30315659 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a helminth infection affecting the central nervous system caused by the larval stage (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. Since vascular alteration and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption contribute to NCC pathology, it is postulated that angiogenesis could contribute to the pathology of this disease. This study used a rat model for NCC and evaluated the expression of two angiogenic factors called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2). Also, two markers for BBB disruption, the endothelial barrier antigen and immunoglobulin G, were evaluated using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. Brain vasculature changes, BBB disruption, and overexpression of angiogenesis markers surrounding viable cysts were observed. Both VEGF-A and FGF2 were overexpressed in the tissue surrounding the cysticerci, and VEGF-A was overexpressed in astrocytes. Vessels showed decreased immunoreactivity to endothelial barrier antigen marker and an extensive staining for IgG was found in the tissues surrounding the cysts. Additionally, an endothelial cell tube formation assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that excretory and secretory antigens of T. solium cysticerci induce the formation of these tubes. This in vitro model supports the hypothesis that angiogenesis in NCC might be caused by the parasite itself, as opposed to the host inflammatory responses alone. In conclusion, brain vasculature changes, BBB disruption, and overexpression of angiogenesis markers surrounding viable cysts were observed. This study also demonstrates that cysticerci excretory-secretory processes alone can stimulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogger P Carmen-Orozco
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Danitza G Dávila-Villacorta
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Yudith Cauna
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Edson G Bernal-Teran
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Leandra Bitterfeld
- The Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Graham L Sutherland
- The Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nancy Chile
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Rensson H Céliz
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - María C Ferrufino-Schmidt
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Cesar M Gavídia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Charles R Sterling
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Héctor H García
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Nacional Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Perú
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,The Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Perú
| | - Manuela Renee Verástegui
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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19
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Lixisenatide ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via GLP-1 receptor dependent/independent pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:145-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Merkulova-Rainon T, Mantsounga CS, Broquères-You D, Pinto C, Vilar J, Cifuentes D, Bonnin P, Kubis N, Henrion D, Silvestre JS, Lévy BI. Peripheral post-ischemic vascular repair is impaired in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease. Angiogenesis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Sokolov ME, Bashirov FV, Markosyan VA, Povysheva TV, Fadeev FO, Izmailov AA, Kuztetsov MS, Safiullov ZZ, Shmarov MM, Naroditskyi BS, Palotás A, Islamov RR. Triple-Gene Therapy for Stroke: A Proof-of-Concept in Vivo Study in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:111. [PMID: 29497380 PMCID: PMC5818439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural brain repair after stroke is extremely limited, and current therapeutic options are even more scarce with no clinical break-through in sight. Despite restricted regeneration in the central nervous system, we have previously proved that human umbilical cord blood mono-nuclear cells (UCB-MC) transduced with adenoviral vectors carrying genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) successfully rescued neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal cord injury. This proof-of-principle project was aimed at evaluating the beneficial effects of the same triple-gene approach in stroke. Rats subjected to distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery were treated intrathecally with a combination of these genes either directly or using our cell-based (UCB-MC) approach. Various techniques and markers were employed to evaluate brain injury and subsequent recovery after treatment. Brain repair was most prominent when therapeutic genes were delivered via adenoviral vector- or UCB-MC-mediated approach. Remodeling of brain cortex in the stroke area was confirmed by reduction of infarct volume and attenuated neural cell death, depletion of astrocytes and microglial cells, and increase in the number of oligodendroglial cells and synaptic proteins expression. These results imply that intrathecal injection of genetically engineered UCB-MC over-expressing therapeutic molecules (VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM) following cerebral blood vessel occlusion might represent a novel avenue for future research into treating stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Sokolov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Farid V Bashirov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vage A Markosyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Povysheva
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Filip O Fadeev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrey A Izmailov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kuztetsov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Zufar Z Safiullov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim M Shmarov
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditskyi
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - András Palotás
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Asklepios-Med (Private Medical Practice and Research Center), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rustem R Islamov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
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22
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Keil VC, Pintea B, Gielen GH, Hittatiya K, Datsi A, Simon M, Fimmers R, Schild HH, Hadizadeh DR. Meningioma assessment: Kinetic parameters in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI appear independent from microvascular anatomy and VEGF expression. J Neuroradiol 2018; 45:242-248. [PMID: 29410063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Kinetic parameters of T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) are considered to be influenced by microvessel environment. This study was performed to explore the extent of this association for meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS DCE-MRI kinetic parameters (contrast agent transfer constants Ktrans and kep, volume fractions vp and ve) were determined in pre-operative 3T MRI of meningioma patients for later biopsy sites (19 patients; 15 WHO Io, no previous radiation, and 4 WHO IIIo pre-radiated recurrent tumors). Sixty-three navigated biopsies were consecutively retrieved. Biopsies were immunohistochemically investigated with endothelial marker CD34 and VEGF antibodies, stratified in a total of 4383 analysis units and computationally assessed for VEGF expression and vascular parameters (vessel density, vessel quantity, vascular fraction within tissue [vascular area ratio], vessel wall thickness). Derivability of kinetic parameters from VEGF expression or microvascularization was determined by mixed linear regression analysis. Tissue kinetic and microvascular parameters were tested for their capacity to identify the radiation status in a subanalysis. RESULTS Kinetic parameters were neither significantly related to the corresponding microvascular parameters nor to tissue VEGF expression. There was no significant association between microvessel density and its presumed correlate vp (P=0.07). The subgroup analysis of high-grade radiated meningiomas showed a significantly reduced microvascular density (AUC 0.91; P<0.0001) and smaller total vascular fraction (AUC 0.73; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS In meningioma, DCE-MRI kinetic parameters neither allow for a reliable prediction of tumor microvascularization, nor for a prediction of VEGF expression. Kinetic parameters seem to be determined from different independent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera C Keil
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Bogdan Pintea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerrit H Gielen
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kanishka Hittatiya
- Center for Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Kantensiek 11, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- IMBIE (Statistics), University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans H Schild
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dariusch R Hadizadeh
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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23
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Pinto CB, Saleh Velez FG, Lopes F, de Toledo Piza PV, Dipietro L, Wang QM, Mazwi NL, Camargo EC, Black-Schaffer R, Fregni F. SSRI and Motor Recovery in Stroke: Reestablishment of Inhibitory Neural Network Tonus. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:637. [PMID: 29200995 PMCID: PMC5696576 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently widely used in the field of the neuromodulation not only because of their anti-depressive effects but also due to their ability to promote plasticity and enhance motor recovery in patients with stroke. Recent studies showed that fluoxetine promotes motor recovery after stroke through its effects on the serotonergic system enhancing motor outputs and facilitating long term potentiation, key factors in motor neural plasticity. However, little is known in regards of the exact mechanisms underlying these effects and several aspects of it remain poorly understood. In this manuscript, we discuss evidence supporting the hypothesis that SSRIs, and in particular fluoxetine, modulate inhibitory pathways, and that this modulation enhances reorganization and reestablishment of excitatory-inhibitory control; these effects play a key role in learning induced plasticity in neural circuits involved in the promotion of motor recovery after stroke. This discussion aims to provide important insights and rationale for the development of novel strategies for stroke motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B. Pinto
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Psychology Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Faddi G. Saleh Velez
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fernanda Lopes
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Polyana V. de Toledo Piza
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Severe Patients, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Qing M. Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicole L. Mazwi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erica C. Camargo
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randie Black-Schaffer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Casper D, Engstrom SJ, Mirchandani GR, Pidel A, Palencia D, Cho PH, Brownlee M, Edelstein D, Federoff HJ, Sonstein WJ. Enhanced Vascularization and Survival of Neural Transplants with Ex Vivo Angiogenic Gene Transfer. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of brain function by neural transplants is largely dependent upon the survival of donor neurons. Unfortunately, in both rodent models and human patients with Parkinson's disease the survival rate of transplanted neurons has been poor. We have employed a strategy to increase the availability of nutrients to the transplant by increasing the rate at which blood vessels are formed. Replication-deficient HSV-1 vectors containing the cDNA for human vascular endothelial growth factor (HSVhvegf) and the bacterial β-galacto-sidase gene (HSVlac) have been transduced in parallel into nonadherent neuronal aggregate cultures made of cells from embryonic day 15 rat mesencephalon. Gene expression from HSVlac was confirmed in fixed preparations by staining with X-gal. VEGF expression as determined by sandwich ELISA assay of culture supernatant was up to 322-fold higher in HSVhvegf-infected than HSVlac-infected sister cultures. This peptide was also biologically active, inducing endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral transplants into the striatum, with HSVlac on one side and HSVhvegf on the other. At defined intervals up to 8 weeks, animals were sacrificed and vibratome sections of the striatum were assessed for various parameters of cell survival and vascularization. Results demonstrate dose-dependent increases in blood vessel density within transplants transduced with HSVhvegf. These transplants were vascularized at a faster rate up to 4 weeks after transplantation. After 8 weeks, the average size of the HSVhvegf-infected transplants was twice that of controls. In particular, the survival of transplanted dopaminergic neurons increased 3.9-fold. Taken together these experiments provide convincing evidence that the rate of vascularization may be a major determinant of neuronal survival that can be manipulated by VEGF gene transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Casper
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Samara J. Engstrom
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Gautam R. Mirchandani
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ann Pidel
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - David Palencia
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Paul H. Cho
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Michael Brownlee
- Departments of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Diane Edelstein
- Departments of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Howard J. Federoff
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - William J. Sonstein
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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25
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Evaluation of direct and cell-mediated triple-gene therapy in spinal cord injury in rats. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Chen SC, Huang M, He QW, Zhang Y, Opoku EN, Yang H, Jin HJ, Xia YP, Hu B. Administration of sonic hedgehog protein induces angiogenesis and has therapeutic effects after stroke in rats. Neuroscience 2017; 352:285-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Povysheva T, Shmarov M, Logunov D, Naroditsky B, Shulman I, Ogurcov S, Kolesnikov P, Islamov R, Chelyshev Y. Post-spinal cord injury astrocyte-mediated functional recovery in rats after intraspinal injection of the recombinant adenoviral vectors Ad5-VEGF and Ad5-ANG. J Neurosurg Spine 2017; 27:105-115. [PMID: 28452633 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.spine15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most actively explored therapeutic strategy for overcoming spinal cord injury (SCI) is the delivery of genes encoding molecules that stimulate regeneration. In a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in preliminary clinical trials in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the combined administration of recombinant adenoviral vectors (Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG) encoding the neurotrophic/angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and angiogenin ( ANG) was found to slow the development of neurological deficits. These results suggest that there may be positive effects of this combination of genes in posttraumatic spinal cord regeneration. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG combination therapy on motor function recovery and reactivity of astrocytes in a rat model of SCI. METHODS Spinal cord injury was induced in adult Wistar rats by the weight-drop method. Rats (n = 51) were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group (Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG) and the control group (Ad5-GFP [green fluorescent protein]). Recovery of motor function was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale. The duration and intensity of infectivity and gene expression from the injected vectors were assessed by immunofluorescent detection of GFP. Reactivity of glial cells was assessed by changes in the number of immunopositive cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100β, aquaporin 4 (AQP4), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4. The level of S100β mRNA expression in the spinal cord was estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Partial recovery of motor function was observed 30 days after surgery in both groups. However, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were 35.9% higher in the Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG group compared with the control group. Specific GFP signal was observed at distances of up to 5 mm in the rostral and caudal directions from the points of injection. A 1.5 to 2.0-fold increase in the number of GFAP+, S100β+, and AQP4+ cells was observed in the white and gray matter at a distance of up to 5 mm from the center of the lesion site in the caudal and rostral directions. At 30 days after injury, a 2-fold increase in S100β transcripts was observed in the Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Intraspinal injection of recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding VEGF and ANG stimulates functional recovery after traumatic SCI. The increased number of S100β+ astrocytes induced by this approach may be a beneficial factor for maintaining the survival and function of neurons. Therefore, gene therapy with Ad5-VEGF+Ad5-ANG vectors is an effective therapeutic method for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maksim Shmarov
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Logunov
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Naroditsky
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Shulman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan; and
| | - Sergey Ogurcov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan; and
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28
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Chen S, Wang M, Yang H, Mao L, He Q, Jin H, Ye ZM, Luo XY, Xia YP, Hu B. LncRNA TUG1 sponges microRNA-9 to promote neurons apoptosis by up-regulated Bcl2l11 under ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Han W, Song X, He R, Li T, Cheng L, Xie L, Chen H, Jiang L. VEGF regulates hippocampal neurogenesis and reverses cognitive deficits in immature rats after status epilepticus through the VEGF R2 signaling pathway. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 68:159-167. [PMID: 28193596 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common chronic disease in children, who exhibit a higher risk for status epilepticus (SE) than adults. Hippocampal neurogenesis is altered by epilepsy, particularly in the immature brain, which may influence cognitive development. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represents an attractive target to modulate brain function at the neurovascular interface and is a double-edged sword in seizures. We used the lithium-pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model in immature Sprague-Dawley rats to study the effects of VEGF on hippocampal neurogenesis in the acute phase and on long-term cognitive behaviors in immature rats following status epilepticus (SE). VEGF correlates with cell proliferation in the immature brain after SE. By preprocessing VEGF in the lateral ventricles prior to the induction of the SE model, we found that VEGF increased the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and promoted the migration of newly generated cells via the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathway. VEGF also inhibited cell loss and reversed the cognitive deficits that accompany SE. Based on our results, VEGF positively contributes to the initial stages of neurogenesis and alleviates cognitive deficits following seizures; moreover, the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway may provide a novel treatment strategy for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaojie Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Rong He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hengsheng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing 400014, China.
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30
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Park HW, Jeon HJ, Chang MS. Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances axonal outgrowth in organotypic spinal cord slices via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and 2. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:601-609. [PMID: 30603441 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing adult nerve regeneration is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating spinal cord injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major contributor to angiogenesis, which can reduce the spinal cord injury by inhibiting the inflammation and improve recovery after spinal cord injury. We have previously demonstrated that exogenous VEGF has neurotrophic effects on injured spinal nerves in organotypic spinal cord slice cultures. However, the mechanisms underlying the neurite growth by exogenous VEGF remain to be explored in spinal cord. In this study, we found out that exogenous VEGF mediated axonal outgrowth through VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2, both of which were expressed on organotypic spinal cord slices. Although VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were constitutively expressed in some cells of control spinal cord slices, VEGF treatment upregulated expression of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were expressed in neuronal cells as well as glial cells of organotypic spinal cord slices. We also observed that VEGF-induced axonal outgrowth was attenuated by a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 and a specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin. Thus, these findings suggest that these MAPK and PI3K pathways have important roles in regulating VEGF-induced axonal outgrowth in the postnatal spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Woo Park
- 1Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 2Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Jeon
- 1Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- 1Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- 3Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Yang B, Li L, Yu S, Chen Y, Zhu J, Zhao Y. C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Protein-3 Attenuates Brain Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage via AMPK-Dependent Pathway in Rat. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:237. [PMID: 27807406 PMCID: PMC5069420 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is a recently discovered adiponectin paralog with established metabolic regulatory properties. However, the role of CTRP3 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still mostly unresolved. The aim of the present report was to explore the possible neuroprotective effect of CTRP3 in an ICH rat model and to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms. ICH was induced in rats by intracerebral infusion of autologous arterial blood. The effects of exogenous CTRP3 (recombinant or lentivirus CTRP3) on brain injury were explored on day 7. Treatment with CTRP3 reduced brain edema, protected against disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), improved neurological functions and promoted angiogenesis. Furthermore, CTRP3 greatly intensified phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in addition to expression of hypoxia inducing factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Finally, the protective effects of CTRP3 could be blocked by either AMPK or VEGF inhibitors. Our findings give the first evidence that CTRP3 is a new proangiogenic and neuroprotective adipokine, which may exert its protective effects at least partly through an AMPK/HIF-1α/ VEGF-dependent pathway, and suggest that CTRP3 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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Ma XM, Liu M, Liu YY, Ma LL, Jiang Y, Chen XH. Ischemic preconditioning protects against ischemic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:765-70. [PMID: 27335560 PMCID: PMC4904467 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that an increase in integrin αvβ3 and its co-activator vascular endothelial growth factor play important neuroprotective roles in ischemic injury. We performed ischemic preconditioning with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 5 minutes in C57BL/6J mice. This was followed by ischemic injury with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 30 minutes. The time interval between ischemic preconditioning and lethal ischemia was 48 hours. Histopathological analysis showed that ischemic preconditioning substantially diminished damage to neurons in the hippocampus 7 days after ischemia. Evans Blue dye assay showed that ischemic preconditioning reduced damage to the blood-brain barrier 24 hours after ischemia. This demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. Western blot assay revealed a significant reduction in protein levels of integrin αvβ3, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor in mice given ischemic preconditioning compared with mice not given ischemic preconditioning 24 hours after ischemia. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning is associated with lower integrin αvβ3 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the brain following ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Ma
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Li Ma
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Tan K, Wang Z, Zhang Z, An L, Tian J. IVF affects embryonic development in a sex-biased manner in mice. Reproduction 2016; 151:443-53. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that IVF (IVF includes in vitro fertilization and culture) embryos and babies are associated with a series of health complications, and some of them show sex-dimorphic patterns. Therefore, we hypothesized that IVF procedures have sex-biased or even sex-specific effects on embryonic and fetal development. Here, we demonstrate that IVF-induced side effects show significant sexual dimorphic patterns from the pre-implantation to the prenatal stage. During the pre-implantation stage, female IVF embryos appear to be more vulnerable to IVF-induced effects, including an increased percentage of apoptosis (7.22±1.94 vs 0.71±0.76, P<0.01), and dysregulated expression of representative sex-dimorphic genes (Xist, Hprt, Pgk1 and Hsp70). During the mid-gestation stage, IVF males had a higher survival rate than IVF females at E13.5 (male:female=1.33:1), accompanied with a female-biased pregnancy loss. In addition, while both IVF males and females had reduced placental vasculogenesis/angiogenesis, the compensatory placental overgrowth was more evident in IVF males. During the late-gestation period, IVF fetuses had a higher sex ratio (male:female=1.48:1) at E19.5, and both male and female IVF placentas showed overgrowth. After birth, IVF males grew faster than their in vivo (IVO) counterparts, while IVF females showed a similar growth pattern with IVO females. The present study provides a new insight into understanding IVF-induced health complications during embryonic and fetal development. By understanding and minimizing these sex-biased effects of the IVF process, the health of IVF-conceived babies may be improved in the future.
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Mukhamedshina YO, Garanina EE, Masgutova GA, Galieva LR, Sanatova ER, Chelyshev YA, Rizvanov AA. Assessment of Glial Scar, Tissue Sparing, Behavioral Recovery and Axonal Regeneration following Acute Transplantation of Genetically Modified Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Contusion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151745. [PMID: 27003408 PMCID: PMC4803326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This study investigated the potential for protective effects of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MCs) genetically modified with the VEGF and GNDF genes on contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. An adenoviral vector was constructed for targeted delivery of VEGF and GDNF to UCB-MCs. Using a rat contusion SCI model we examined the efficacy of the construct on tissue sparing, glial scar severity, the extent of axonal regeneration, recovery of motor function, and analyzed the expression of the recombinant genes VEGF and GNDF in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Transplantation of UCB-MCs transduced with adenoviral vectors expressing VEGF and GDNF at the site of SCI induced tissue sparing, behavioral recovery and axonal regeneration comparing to the other constructs tested. The adenovirus encoding VEGF and GDNF for transduction of UCB-MCs was shown to be an effective and stable vehicle for these cells in vivo following the transplantation into the contused spinal cord. CONCLUSION Our results show that a gene delivery using UCB-MCs-expressing VEGF and GNDF genes improved both structural and functional parameters after SCI. Further histological and behavioral studies, especially at later time points, in animals with SCI after transplantation of genetically modified UCB-MCs (overexpressing VEGF and GDNF genes) will provide additional insight into therapeutic potential of such cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana O. Mukhamedshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia
| | - Galina A. Masgutova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia
| | - Luisa R. Galieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elvira R. Sanatova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yurii A. Chelyshev
- Department of histology, Kazan State Medical University, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Yang Z, Cai X, Xu A, Xu F, Liang Q. Bone marrow stromal cell transplantation through tail vein injection promotes angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cerebral infarct area in rats. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1200-12. [PMID: 26276003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS This study sought to identify correlations between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression after tail-vein injection of rat-derived bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and neurogenesis and angiogenesis in cerebral infarct of rats. METHODS Rats with intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion were injected in a tail vein with Hoechst-labeled BMSCs. Functional recovery from cerebral infarction was observed through the use of a locomotion score. The brains of injected rats were sliced, and Hoechst-labeled BMSCs in the infarct and peri-infarct areas and subventricular zone (SVZ) were detected with the use of fluorescence microscopy. Ki-67 (as a cell proliferation marker) and VEGF expression were determined by means of immunohistochemistry. Neurofibril formation and angiogenesis were examined by means of Bielschowsky staining. RESULTS Within 1 to 2 weeks after BMSC injection, rats showed significantly improved locomotion scores compared with rats without BMSC injection (P < 0.01). Viable BMSCs were found in the peri-infarct area. The numbers of Ki-67-positive and VEGF-positive cells in the peri-infarct area and SVZ of injected rats were significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Numerous new vessels, neurofibrils and anastomosed vasculatures were present in the infarct area. These neurofibrils mainly surrounded the neovasculatures. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that BMSC-transplantation in rats through tail vein injection can increase neurogenesis, perhaps as the result of VEGF-mediated and/or Ki-67-mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Cai
- Department of Neurology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical college, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fengxia Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Almutairi MMA, Gong C, Xu YG, Chang Y, Shi H. Factors controlling permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:57-77. [PMID: 26403789 PMCID: PMC11108286 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As the primary protective barrier for neurons in the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) exists between the blood microcirculation system and the brain parenchyma. The normal BBB integrity is essential in protecting the brain from systemic toxins and maintaining the necessary level of nutrients and ions for neuronal function. This integrity is mediated by structural BBB components, such as tight junction proteins, integrins, annexins, and agrin, of a multicellular system including endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, etc. BBB dysfunction is a significant contributor to the pathogeneses of a variety of brain disorders. Many signaling factors have been identified to be able to control BBB permeability through regulating the structural components. Among those signaling factors are inflammatory mediators, free radicals, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, microRNAs, etc. In this review, we provide a summary of recent progress regarding these structural components and signaling factors, relating to their roles in various brain disorders. Attention is also devoted to recent research regarding impact of pharmacological agents such as isoflurane on BBB permeability and how iron ion passes across BBB. Hopefully, a better understanding of the factors controlling BBB permeability helps develop novel pharmacological interventions of BBB hyperpermeability under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M A Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 5044, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 5044, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Yuexian G Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050016, China
| | - Honglian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 5044, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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Hutter-Schmid B, Kniewallner KM, Humpel C. Organotypic brain slice cultures as a model to study angiogenesis of brain vessels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:52. [PMID: 26389117 PMCID: PMC4557061 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain vessels are the most important structures in the brain to deliver energy and substrates to neurons. Brain vessels are composed of a complex interaction between endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes, controlling the entry of substrates into the brain. Damage of brain vessels and vascular impairment are general pathologies observed in different neurodegenerative disorders including e.g., Alzheimer's disease. In order to study remodeling of brain vessels, simple 3-dimensional in vitro systems need to be developed. Organotypic brain slices of mice provide a potent tool to explore angiogenic effects of brain vessels in a complex 3-dimensional structure. Here we show that organotypic brain slices can be cultured from 110 μm thick sections of postnatal and adult mice brains. The vessels are immunohistochemically stained for laminin and collagen IV. Co-stainings are an appropriate method to visualize interaction of brain endothelial cells with pericytes and astrocytes in these vessels. Different exogenous stimuli such as fibroblast growth factor-2 or vascular endothelial growth factor induce angiogenesis or re-growth, respectively. Hyperthermia or acidosis reduces the vessel density in organotypic slices. In conclusion, organotypic brain slices exhibit a strong vascular network which can be used to study remodeling and angiogenesis of brain vessels in a 3-dimensional in vitro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Hutter-Schmid
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin M Kniewallner
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
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Kim D, Kyung J, Park D, Choi EK, Kim KS, Shin K, Lee H, Shin IS, Kang SK, Ra JC, Kim YB. Health Span-Extending Activity of Human Amniotic Membrane- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in F344 Rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1144-54. [PMID: 26315571 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aging brings about the progressive decline in cognitive function and physical activity, along with losses of stem cell population and function. Although transplantation of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells extended the health span and life span of progeria mice, such effects in normal animals were not confirmed. Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMMSCs) or adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) (1×10(6) cells per rat) were intravenously transplanted to 10-month-old male F344 rats once a month throughout their lives. Transplantation of AMMSCs and ADMSCs improved cognitive and physical functions of naturally aging rats, extending life span by 23.4% and 31.3%, respectively. The stem cell therapy increased the concentration of acetylcholine and recovered neurotrophic factors in the brain and muscles, leading to restoration of microtubule-associated protein 2, cholinergic and dopaminergic nervous systems, microvessels, muscle mass, and antioxidative capacity. The results indicate that repeated transplantation of AMMSCs and ADMSCs elongate both health span and life span, which could be a starting point for antiaging or rejuvenation effects of allogeneic or autologous stem cells with minimum immune rejection. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that repeated treatment with stem cells in normal animals has antiaging potential, extending health span and life span. Because antiaging and prolonged life span are issues currently of interest, these results are significant for readers and investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangbeen Kyung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sei Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungha Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyoung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seob Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Ra
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Biostar, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Humpel C. Organotypic brain slice cultures: A review. Neuroscience 2015; 305:86-98. [PMID: 26254240 PMCID: PMC4699268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell cultures are an important tool for obtaining insights into cellular processes in an isolated system and a supplement to in vivo animal experiments. While primary dissociated cultures permit a single homogeneous cell population to be studied, there is a clear need to explore the function of brain cells in a three-dimensional system where the main architecture of the cells is preserved. Thus, organotypic brain slice cultures have proven to be very useful in investigating cellular and molecular processes of the brain in vitro. This review summarizes (1) the historical development of organotypic brain slices focusing on the membrane technology, (2) methodological aspects regarding culturing procedures, age of donors or media, (3) whether the cholinergic neurons serve as a model of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease, (4) or the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons as a model of Parkinson’s disease and (5) how the vascular network can be studied, especially with regard to a synthetic blood–brain barrier. This review will also highlight some limits of the model and give an outlook on future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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40
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Adult hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells regulate the neurogenic niche by secreting VEGF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4128-33. [PMID: 25775598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422448112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult hippocampus hosts a population of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) that proliferates throughout the mammalian life span. To date, the new neurons derived from NSPCs have been the primary measure of their functional relevance. However, recent studies show that undifferentiated cells may shape their environment through secreted growth factors. Whether endogenous adult NSPCs secrete functionally relevant growth factors remains unclear. We show that adult hippocampal NSPCs secrete surprisingly large quantities of the essential growth factor VEGF in vitro and in vivo. This self-derived VEGF is functionally relevant for maintaining the neurogenic niche as inducible, NSPC-specific loss of VEGF results in impaired stem cell maintenance despite the presence of VEGF produced from other niche cell types. These findings reveal adult hippocampal NSPCs as an unanticipated source of an essential growth factor and imply an exciting functional role for adult brain NSPCs as secretory cells.
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41
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Leeds PR, Yu F, Wang Z, Chiu CT, Zhang Y, Leng Y, Linares GR, Chuang DM. A new avenue for lithium: intervention in traumatic brain injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:422-33. [PMID: 24697257 DOI: 10.1021/cn500040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and death from trauma to central nervous system (CNS) tissues. For patients who survive the initial injury, TBI can lead to neurodegeneration as well as cognitive and motor deficits, and is even a risk factor for the future development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Preclinical studies of multiple neuropathological and neurodegenerative disorders have shown that lithium, which is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder, has considerable neuroprotective effects. Indeed, emerging evidence now suggests that lithium can also mitigate neurological deficits incurred from TBI. Lithium exerts neuroprotective effects and stimulates neurogenesis via multiple signaling pathways; it inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), upregulates neurotrophins and growth factors (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), modulates inflammatory molecules, upregulates neuroprotective factors (e.g., B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70)), and concomitantly downregulates pro-apoptotic factors. In various experimental TBI paradigms, lithium has been shown to reduce neuronal death, microglial activation, cyclooxygenase-2 induction, amyloid-β (Aβ), and hyperphosphorylated tau levels, to preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, to mitigate neurological deficits and psychiatric disturbance, and to improve learning and memory outcome. Given that lithium exerts multiple therapeutic effects across an array of CNS disorders, including promising results in preclinical models of TBI, additional clinical research is clearly warranted to determine its therapeutic attributes for combating TBI. Here, we review lithium's exciting potential in ameliorating physiological as well as cognitive deficits induced by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Leeds
- Molecular
Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1363, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1363, United States
| | - Fengshan Yu
- Molecular
Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1363, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1363, United States
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Molecular
Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1363, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1363, United States
| | - Chi-Tso Chiu
- Molecular
Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1363, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1363, United States
| | | | - Yan Leng
- Molecular
Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1363, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1363, United States
| | - Gabriel R. Linares
- Molecular
Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1363, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1363, United States
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Molecular
Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1363, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1363, United States
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Barker R, Ashby EL, Wellington D, Barrow VM, Palmer JC, Kehoe PG, Esiri MM, Love S. Pathophysiology of white matter perfusion in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1524-32. [PMID: 24618270 PMCID: PMC3999715 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of white matter hypoperfusion is poorly understood. Barker et al. quantify ante-mortem hypoperfusion by measuring myelin proteins differentially susceptible to ischaemia, and assess the extent to which vasoregulatory factors protect from or contribute to ischaemic white matter injury in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Little is known about the contributors and physiological responses to white matter hypoperfusion in the human brain. We previously showed the ratio of myelin-associated glycoprotein to proteolipid protein 1 in post-mortem human brain tissue correlates with the degree of ante-mortem ischaemia. In age-matched post-mortem cohorts of Alzheimer’s disease (n = 49), vascular dementia (n = 17) and control brains (n = 33) from the South West Dementia Brain Bank (Bristol), we have now examined the relationship between the ratio of myelin-associated glycoprotein to proteolipid protein 1 and several other proteins involved in regulating white matter vascularity and blood flow. Across the three cohorts, white matter perfusion, indicated by the ratio of myelin-associated glycoprotein to proteolipid protein 1, correlated positively with the concentration of the vasoconstrictor, endothelin 1 (P = 0.0005), and negatively with the concentration of the pro-angiogenic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (P = 0.0015). The activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which catalyses production of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II was not altered. In samples of frontal white matter from an independent (Oxford, UK) cohort of post-mortem brains (n = 74), we confirmed the significant correlations between the ratio of myelin-associated glycoprotein to proteolipid protein 1 and both endothelin 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. We also assessed microvessel density in the Bristol (UK) samples, by measurement of factor VIII-related antigen, which we showed to correlate with immunohistochemical measurements of vessel density, and found factor VIII-related antigen levels to correlate with the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (P = 0.0487), suggesting that upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor tends to increase vessel density in the white matter. We propose that downregulation of endothelin 1 and upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the context of reduced ratio of myelin-associated glycoprotein to proteolipid protein 1 are likely to be protective physiological responses to reduced white matter perfusion. Further analysis of the Bristol cohort showed that endothelin 1 was reduced in the white matter in Alzheimer’s disease (P < 0.05) compared with control subjects, but not in vascular dementia, in which endothelin 1 tended to be elevated, perhaps reflecting abnormal regulation of white matter perfusion in vascular dementia. Our findings demonstrate the potential of post-mortem measurement of myelin proteins and mediators of vascular function, to assess physiological and pathological processes involved in the regulation of cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Barker
- 1 Dementia Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Canavese M, Spaccapelo R. Protective or pathogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as potential biomarker in cerebral malaria. Pathog Glob Health 2014; 108:67-75. [PMID: 24601908 DOI: 10.1179/2047773214y.0000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is the major lethal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. It is characterized by persistent coma along with symmetrical motor signs. Several clinical, histopathological, and laboratory studies have suggested that cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes, neural injury by malarial toxin, and excessive inflammatory cytokine production are possible pathogenic mechanisms. Although the detailed pathophysiology of CM remains unsolved, it is thought that the binding of parasitized erythrocytes to the cerebral endothelia of microvessels, leading to their occlusion and the consequent angiogenic dysregulation play a key role in the disease pathogenesis. Recent evidences showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor-related molecules are over-expressed in the brain tissues of CM patients, as well as increased levels of VEGF are detectable in biologic samples from malaria patients. Whether the modulation of VEGF is causative agent of CM mortality or a specific phenotype of patients with susceptibility to fatal CM needs further evaluation. Currently, there is no biological test available to confirm the diagnosis of CM and its complications. It is hoped that development of biomarkers to identify patients and potential risk for adverse outcomes would greatly enhance better intervention and clinical management to improve the outcomes. We review and discuss here what it is currently known in regard to the role of VEGF in CM as well as VEGF as a potential biomarker.
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Vakili A, Sharifat S, Akhavan MM, Bandegi AR. Effect of lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) on cerebral edema and its possible mechanisms in an experimental model of stroke. Brain Res 2013; 1548:56-62. [PMID: 24384140 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lavender belongs to the family Labiatae and has a variety of cosmetic uses as well as therapeutic purposes in herbal medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of lavender oil against brain edema and its possible mechanisms in an experimental model of stroke. Under Laser-Doppler Flowmetry, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1h in rats. Lavender oil (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg ip (and/or vehicle was injected at the onset of ischemia. Infarct size, cerebral edema, functional outcome, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated using standard methods. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of VEGF, Bax, and Bcl-2. Treatment with lavender oil at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly diminished infarct size, brain edema, and improved functional outcome after cerebral ischemia (P<0.001). Lavender oil (200 mg/kg) also reduced the content of malondialdehyde and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.001). Although lavender oil enhanced VEGF expression (P=0.026), it could not decrease the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio (pro- to anti-apoptotic proteins) in the rat brain (P>0.05). The results indicated that lavender oil has neuroprotective activity against cerebral ischemia and alleviated neurological function in rats, and the mechanism may be related to augmentation in endogenous antioxidant defense, inhibiting oxidative stress, and increasing VEGF expression in the rat brain. However, lavender oil could not suppress the apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedin Vakili
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Sharifat
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maziar Mohammad Akhavan
- Skin Research Center-Laboratory of Protein and Enzyme, Shahid Beheshti University (M.C.), Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahrdari St., 1989934148 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Shinozaki M, Nakamura M, Konomi T, Kobayashi Y, Takano M, Saito N, Toyama Y, Okano H. Distinct roles of endogenous vascular endothelial factor receptor 1 and 2 in neural protection after spinal cord injury. Neurosci Res 2013; 78:55-64. [PMID: 24107617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary degeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is caused by increased vascular permeability, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and subsequent focal edema. Therapeutic interventions using neurotrophic factors have focused on the prevention of such reactions to reduce cell death and promote tissue regeneration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor. However, the effect of VEGF on SCI remains controversial. VEGF signaling is primarily regulated through two primary receptors, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGF-R1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intraperitoneal administration of VEGF-R1- and VEGF-R2-neutralizing antibodies on a mouse model of SCI. VEGF-R1 blockade, but not VEGF-R2 blockade, decreased the permeability and infiltration of inflammatory cells, and VEGF-R2 blockade caused a significant increase in neuronal apoptosis in the acute phase of SCI. VEGF-R2 blockade decreased the residual tissue area and the number of neural fibers in the chronic phase of SCI. VEGF-R2 blockade worsened the functional recovery and prolonged the latency of motor evoked potentials. These data suggest that endogenous VEGF-R2 plays a crucial role in neuronal protection after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Tsunehiko Konomi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morito Takano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Xia YP, He QW, Li YN, Chen SC, Huang M, Wang Y, Gao Y, Huang Y, Wang MD, Mao L, Hu B. Recombinant human sonic hedgehog protein regulates the expression of ZO-1 and occludin by activating angiopoietin-1 in stroke damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68891. [PMID: 23894369 PMCID: PMC3720889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the regulating effect of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in cerebral ischemia. By employing permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model, we find that Shh significantly decreases brain edema and preserves BBB permeability. Moreover, Shh increases zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and angiopiotetin-1 (Ang-1) expression in the ischemic penumbra. Blockage of Shh with cyclopamine abolishes the effects of Shh on brain edema, BBB permeability and ZO-1, occludin, Ang-1 expression. Primary brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) and astrocytes were pre-treated with Shh, cyclopamine, Ang-1-neutralizing antibody, and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Results show that the Ang-1 protein level in the culture medium of Shh-treated astrocytes is significantly higher. Shh also increased ZO-1, occludin and Ang-1 expression in BMECs, while cyclopamine and Ang-1-neutralizing antibody inhibited the effects of Shh on the ZO-1 and occludin expression, respectively. This study suggests that, under ischemic insults, Shh triggers Ang-1 production predominantly in astrocytes, and the secreted Ang-1 acts on BMECs, thereby upregulating ZO-1 and occludin to repair the tight junction and ameliorate the brain edema and BBB leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-peng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan-wei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-cai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-die Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Ocular and systemic safety of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2013; 24:205-12. [PMID: 23518613 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32835f8ec0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study reviews differences in both ocular and systemic safety between intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab in the setting of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Serious adverse events associated with either bevacizumab or ranibizumab injections are generally rare. However, acute intraocular inflammation (AII) tends to occur more frequently following bevacizumab injection. Systemic absorption of bevacizumab is greater than with ranibizumab, and many studies have shown an increased risk of systemic adverse events in patients receiving bevacizumab compared with those receiving ranibizumab. SUMMARY Although rare, adverse events with off-label use of bevacizumab are more common than with ranibizumab. Continued study into long-term safety of the two agents is warranted.
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Penna C, Perrelli MG, Karam JP, Angotti C, Muscari C, Montero-Menei CN, Pagliaro P. Pharmacologically active microcarriers influence VEGF-A effects on mesenchymal stem cell survival. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:192-204. [PMID: 23305078 PMCID: PMC3823149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in post-ischemic heart is limited by their poor vitality. Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-A (VEGF-A) as such or slowly released by fibronectin-coated pharmacologically-active-microcarriers (FN-PAM-VEGF) could differently affect survival kinases and anti-apoptotic mediator (e.g. Bcl-2). Therefore VEGF-A or FN-PAM-VEGF could differently enhance cell proliferation, and/or resistance to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) of MSCs. To test these hypotheses MSCs were incubated for 6-days with VEGF-A alone or with FN-PAM-VEGF. In addition, MSCs pre-treated for 24-hrs with VEGF-A or FN-PAM-VEGF were subsequently exposed to H/R (72-hrs 3% O2 and 3-hrs of reoxygenation). Cell-proliferation and post-hypoxic vitality were determined. Kinases were studied at 30-min., 1- and 3-days of treatment. Cell-proliferation increased about twofold (P < 0.01) 6-days after VEGF-A treatment, but by a lesser extent (55% increase) with FN-PAM-VEGF (P < 0.05). While MSC pre-treatment with VEGF-A confirmed cell-proliferation, pre-treatment with FN-PAM-VEGF protected MSCs against H/R. In the early phase of treatments, VEGF-A increased phospho-Akt, phospho-ERK-1/2 and phospho-PKCε compared to the untreated cells or FN-PAM-VEGF. Afterword, kinase phosphorylations were higher with VGEF, except for ERK-1/2, which was similarly increased by both treatments at 3 days. Only FN-PAM-VEGF significantly increased Bcl-2 levels. After H/R, lactate dehydrogenase release and cleaved Caspase-3 levels were mainly reduced by FN-PAM-VEGF. While VEGF-A enhances MSC proliferation in normoxia, FN-PAM-VEGF mainly hampers post-hypoxic MSC death. These different effects underscore the necessity of approaches suited to the various conditions. The use of FN-PAM-VEGF could be considered as a novel approach for enhancing MSC survival and regeneration in hostile environment of post-ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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49
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Activation of Ras/MEK/ERK signaling in chronic subdural hematoma outer membranes. Brain Res 2012; 1489:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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Swain RA, Berggren KL, Kerr AL, Patel A, Peplinski C, Sikorski AM. On aerobic exercise and behavioral and neural plasticity. Brain Sci 2012; 2:709-44. [PMID: 24961267 PMCID: PMC4061809 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci2040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise promotes rapid and profound alterations in the brain. Depending upon the pattern and duration of exercise, these changes in the brain may extend beyond traditional motor areas to regions and structures normally linked to learning, cognition, and emotion. Exercise-induced alterations may include changes in blood flow, hormone and growth factor release, receptor expression, angiogenesis, apoptosis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Together, we believe that these changes underlie elevations of mood and prompt the heightened behavioral plasticity commonly observed following adoption of a chronic exercise regimen. In the following paper, we will explore both the psychological and psychobiological literatures relating to exercise effects on brain in both human and non-human animals and will attempt to link plastic changes in these neural structures to modifications in learned behavior and emotional expression. In addition, we will explore the therapeutic potential of exercise given recent reports that aerobic exercise may serve as a neuroprotectant and can also slow cognitive decline during normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Swain
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Kiersten L Berggren
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Abigail L Kerr
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61702, USA.
| | - Ami Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Caitlin Peplinski
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Angela M Sikorski
- Department of Psychology, Texas A & M University-Texarkana, Texarkana, TX 75503, USA.
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