1
|
Qian C, Wang Q, Qiao Y, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xiao H, Lin Z, Wu M, Xia W, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Arachidonic acid in aging: New roles for old players. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00180-2. [PMID: 38710468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (AA), one of the most ubiquitous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), provides fluidity to mammalian cell membranes. It is derived from linoleic acid (LA) and can be transformed into various bioactive metabolites, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), lipoxins (LXs), hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), leukotrienes (LTs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by different pathways. All these processes are involved in AA metabolism. Currently, in the context of an increasingly visible aging world population, several scholars have revealed the essential role of AA metabolism in osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many other aging diseases. AIM OF REVIEW Although there are some reviews describing the role of AA in some specific diseases, there seems to be no or little information on the role of AA metabolism in aging tissues or organs. This review scrutinizes and highlights the role of AA metabolism in aging and provides a new idea for strategies for treating aging-related diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As a member of lipid metabolism, AA metabolism regulates the important lipids that interfere with the aging in several ways. We present a comprehensivereviewofthe role ofAA metabolism in aging, with the aim of relieving the extreme suffering of families and the heavy economic burden on society caused by age-related diseases. We also collected and summarized data on anti-aging therapies associated with AA metabolism, with the expectation of identifying a novel and efficient way to protect against aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abshirini M, Ilesanmi-Oyelere BL, Kruger MC. Potential modulatory mechanisms of action by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone cell and chondrocyte metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101113. [PMID: 34217732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and their metabolites are considered essential factors to support bone and joint health. The n-6 PUFAs suppress the osteoblasts differentiation via increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression and promoting adipogenesis while n-3 PUFAs promote osteoblastogenesis by down-regulating PPARγ and enhancing osteoblastic activity. Arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are key regulators of osteoclast differentiation via induction of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) pathway. Marine-derived n-3 LCPUFAs have been shown to inhibit osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANKL signalling pathway mediated by a reduction of pro-inflammatory PGE2 derived from AA. Omega-3 PUFAs reduce the expression of cartilage degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5) protein, oxidative stress and thereby apoptosis via nuclear factor kappa-betta (NF-kβ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways. In this review, a diverse range of important effects of LCPUFAs on bone cells and chondrocyte was highlighted through different mechanisms of action established by cell cultures and animal studies. This review allows a better understanding of the possible role of LCPUFAs in bone and chondrocyte metabolism as potential therapeutics in combating the pathological complications such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abshirini
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hadley KB, Ryan AS, Forsyth S, Gautier S, Salem N. The Essentiality of Arachidonic Acid in Infant Development. Nutrients 2016; 8:216. [PMID: 27077882 PMCID: PMC4848685 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) is an n-6 polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acid formed by the biosynthesis from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6). This review considers the essential role that ARA plays in infant development. ARA is always present in human milk at a relatively fixed level and is accumulated in tissues throughout the body where it serves several important functions. Without the provision of preformed ARA in human milk or infant formula the growing infant cannot maintain ARA levels from synthetic pathways alone that are sufficient to meet metabolic demand. During late infancy and early childhood the amount of dietary ARA provided by solid foods is low. ARA serves as a precursor to leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes, collectively known as eicosanoids which are important for immunity and immune response. There is strong evidence based on animal and human studies that ARA is critical for infant growth, brain development, and health. These studies also demonstrate the importance of balancing the amounts of ARA and DHA as too much DHA may suppress the benefits provided by ARA. Both ARA and DHA have been added to infant formulas and follow-on formulas for more than two decades. The amounts and ratios of ARA and DHA needed in infant formula are discussed based on an in depth review of the available scientific evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Hadley
- DSM Nutritional Products, 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
| | - Alan S Ryan
- Clinical Research Consulting, 9809 Halston Manor, Boynton Beach, FL 33473, USA.
| | - Stewart Forsyth
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
| | - Sheila Gautier
- DSM Nutritional Products, 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
| | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products, 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCarthy TL, Centrella M. Prostaglandin dependent control of an endogenous estrogen receptor agonist by osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:1104-14. [PMID: 25292157 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) activation has complex effects on bone cells, and loss of circulating estradiol adversely affects skeletal status in women. Hormone replacement therapy effectively circumvents bone loss after menopause, but enhances disease risk in other tissues. Here we show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) augments the activity of an osteoblast-derived selective ER modulator, ObSERM. The stimulatory effect of PGE2 is replicated in part by either the PG receptor EP3 agonist 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 or by the PG receptor FP agonist PGF2α⋅ Whereas activation of the various PG receptors induces multiple downstream signals, the response to PGE2 was mimicked by activators of protein kinase C, and suppressed by inhibition of protein kinase C but not by inhibition of protein kinase A. Moreover, inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and activation of the PTH and Wnt pathways increases ObSERM activity. Our studies therefore reveal that ObSERM activity is controlled in distinct ways and revise our understanding of ER activation within bone by agents or events associated with PG expression. They also predict ways to sustain or improve bone formation, fracture repair, and surgical healing without adding the risk of disease in other tissues where ER activation also has important biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L McCarthy
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Involvement of IGF binding protein 5 in prostaglandin E(2)-induced cellular senescence in human fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2010; 12:239-52. [PMID: 21191810 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an underlying basis for the molecular alterations that link aging and age-related pathological processes. In a previous study, we found that secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) induced cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). To further investigate the association of inflammation with cellular senescence, the effects of PGE(2) on cellular senescence in HDFs were investigated, since PGE(2) is the most abundant prostanoid. PGE(2) treatment induces cellular senescence, as determined by a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Notably, PGE(2) treatment increased the IGFBP5 protein level. While treatment with PGE(2) antagonists repressed PGE(2)-induced cellular senescence, increasing intracellular cAMP accelerated cellular senescence. Down-regulation of IGFBP5 inhibited PGE(2)-induced cellular senescence. Taken together, these results suggest that PGE(2) may play an important role in controlling cellular senescence of HDFs through the regulation of IGFBP5 and therefore may contribute to inflammatory disorders associated with aging.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pérez-Casellas LA, Wang X, Howard KD, Rehage MW, Strong DD, Linkhart TA. Nuclear factor I transcription factors regulate IGF binding protein 5 gene transcription in human osteoblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2008; 1789:78-87. [PMID: 18809517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is expressed in many cell types including osteoblasts and modulates IGF activities. IGFBP5 may affect osteoblasts and bone formation, in part by mechanisms independent of binding IGFs. The highly conserved IGFBP5 proximal promoter within 100 nucleotides of the start of transcription contains functional cis regulatory elements for C/EBP, Myb and AP-2. We report evidence for a functional Nuclear Factor I (NFI) cis element that mediates activation or repression of IGFBP5 transcription by the NFI gene family. All four NFI genes were expressed in human osteoblast cultures and osteosarcoma cell lines. Co-transfection with human IGFBP5 promoter luciferase reporter and murine Nfi expression vectors showed that Nfib was the most active in stimulating transcription. Nfix was less active and Nfia and Nfic were inhibitory. Knockdown of NFIB and NFIC expression using siRNA decreased and increased IGFBP5 expression, respectively. Analysis of IGFBP5 promoter deletion and mutation reporter constructs identified a functional NFI cis element. All four NFI proteins bound the NFI site in electrophoretic mobility shift experiments and NFIB bound in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results suggest that NFI proteins are important regulators of IGFBP5 expression in human osteoblasts and thus in modulating IGFBP5 functions in bone.
Collapse
|
7
|
Akkiprik M, Feng Y, Wang H, Chen K, Hu L, Sahin A, Krishnamurthy S, Ozer A, Hao X, Zhang W. Multifunctional roles of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10:212. [PMID: 18710598 PMCID: PMC2575530 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor axis, which has been shown to protect cells from apoptosis, plays an essential role in normal cell physiology and in cancer development. The family of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) has been shown to have a diverse spectrum of functions in cell growth, death, motility, and tissue remodeling. Among the six IGFBP family members, IGFBP-5 has recently been shown to play an important role in the biology of breast cancer, especially in breast cancer metastasis; however, the exact mechanisms of action remain obscure and sometimes paradoxical. An in-depth understanding of IGFBP-5 would shed light on its potential role as a target for breast cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Akkiprik
- Department of Medical Biology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Granado M, Martín AI, Villanúa MA, López-Calderón A. Experimental arthritis inhibits the insulin-like growth factor-I axis and induces muscle wasting through cyclooxygenase-2 activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1656-65. [PMID: 17284570 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00502.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arthritis induces cachexia associated with an inhibition of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system and an activation of the E3 ubiquitin-ligating enzymes muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle Ring finger 1 (MuRF1) in the skeletal muscle. The aim of this work was to study the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in chronic arthritis-induced cachexia. Arthritis was induced in rats by Freund's adjuvant injection, and the effects of two COX inhibitors (indomethacin, a nonspecific inhibitor, and meloxicam, a selective COX-2 inhibitor on pituitary GH and on liver and serum IGF-I levels) were tested. Arthritis decreased body weight gain and GH and liver IGF-I gene expression. In the arthritic rats, both inhibitors, indomethacin and meloxicam, prevented the inhibitory effect of arthritis on body weight gain. Indomethacin and meloxicam administration to arthritic rats increased pituitary GH and liver IGF-I mRNA as well as serum levels of IGF-I. These data suggest that induction of COX-2 during chronic inflammation is involved in the inhibition of the GH-IGF-I axis and in the body weight loss. In the gastrocnemius muscle, arthritis increased the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, the E3 ubiquitin-ligating enzymes MAFbx and MuRF1, as well as of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5). Inhibition of COX-2 by meloxicam administration increased gastrocnemius weight and decreased MAFbx, MuRF1, TNF-alpha, and IGFBP-5 gene expression. In summary, our data indicate that chronic arthritis-induced cachexia and muscle wasting are mediated by the COX-2 pathway resulting in a decreased GH-IGF-I secretion and increased expression of MAFbx and MuRF1 mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Granado
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento Fisiología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han S, Ritzenthaler JD, Wingerd B, Rivera HN, Roman J. Extracellular Matrix Fibronectin Increases Prostaglandin E2 Receptor Subtype EP4 in Lung Carcinoma Cells through Multiple Signaling Pathways. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:7961-72. [PMID: 17237224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610308200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that fibronectin (Fn) stimulates the proliferation of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth through the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 secretion. Here, we demonstrate that NSCLC cells express mRNA and protein for the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 and that Fn enhances its stimulatory effect by inducing the expression of EP4, but not of EP1, EP2, and EP3 receptor subtypes. The effect of Fn on EP4 was inhibited by an antibody against alpha5beta1 integrin and by inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (wortmannin) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (PD98095), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C (calphostin C), of protein kinase A (H-89), or of mammalian target of rapamycin (rapamycin). A COX-2 small interfering RNA was also inhibitory. Fn significantly increased AP-2 binding activity in the promoter of the EP4 gene, and AP-2 antisense oligonucleotides blocked Fn-induced EP4 expression. Using full-length and mutated EP4 promoter constructs, we found that Fn stimulation of EP4 gene expression was inhibited when one AP-2 site (-1000 bp) was mutated. Fn induced nuclear AP-2alpha protein expression through multiple signaling pathways. Our results indicate that Fn-induced NSCLC cell proliferation is mediated through EP4. Furthermore, they show that Fn induces EP4 expression through the activation of alpha5beta1-dependent signals that include induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways as well as expression of COX-2. These events lead to activation of the transcription factor AP-2alpha, which interacts with specific regions in the EP4 gene promoter, leading to transcription of the EP4 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShouWei Han
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beattie J, Allan GJ, Lochrie JD, Flint DJ. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5): a critical member of the IGF axis. Biochem J 2006; 395:1-19. [PMID: 16526944 PMCID: PMC1409685 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The six members of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein family (IGFBP-1-6) are important components of the IGF (insulin-like growth factor) axis. In this capacity, they serve to regulate the activity of both IGF-I and -II polypeptide growth factors. The IGFBPs are able to enhance or inhibit the activity of IGFs in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. One of these proteins, IGFBP-5, also has an important role in controlling cell survival, differentiation and apoptosis. In this review, we report on the structural and functional features of the protein which are important for these effects. We also examine the regulation of IGFBP-5 expression and comment on its potential role in tumour biology, with special reference to work with breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Key Words
- extracellular matrix (ecm)
- glycosaminoglycan
- insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i)
- insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (igfbp-5)
- mammary gland
- proteolysis
- adam, adisintegrin and metalloprotease
- ap-2, activator protein 2
- cat, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
- cbp-4, c-terminus of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (residues 151–232)
- c/ebp, ccaat/enhancer-binding protein
- ecm, extracellular matrix
- er, oestrogen receptor
- erk1/2, extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2
- fhl-2, four-and-a-half lim domain 2
- gag, glycosaminoglycan
- gh, growth hormone
- igf, insulin-like growth factor
- igfbp, igf-binding protein
- igf-ir, igf-i receptor
- igf-iir, igf-ii receptor
- ir, insulin receptor
- irs, ir substrate
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- nbp-4, n-terminus of igfbp-4 (residues 3–82)
- oe2, oestradiol
- op-1, osteogenic protein-1
- opn, osteopontin
- pai-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- papp, pregnancy-associated plasma protease
- pge2, prostaglandin e2
- psmc, porcine smooth-muscle cell
- ra, retinoic acid
- rassf1c, isoform c of the ras association family 1 protein group
- rt, reverse transcription
- spr, surface plasmon resonance
- tpa, tissue plasminogen activator
- tsp-1, thrombospondin-1
- vn, vitronectin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Beattie
- Hannah Research Institute, Ayr KA6 5HL, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salih DAM, Mohan S, Kasukawa Y, Tripathi G, Lovett FA, Anderson NF, Carter EJ, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ, Pell JM. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 induces a gender-related decrease in bone mineral density in transgenic mice. Endocrinology 2005; 146:931-40. [PMID: 15550514 PMCID: PMC2897135 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IGF-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is abundant in serum and bone during normal skeletal development, but levels decrease in osteoporosis. Studies have shown that IGFBP-5 stimulates markers of bone formation by potentiating IGF actions and by IGF-independent actions. To test the hypothesis that IGFBP-5 promotes the acquisition of bone mineral density (BMD), we generated transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing Igfbp5 using a cytomegalovirus enhancer and beta-actin promoter (CMV/betaA). Tg animals showed an increase in serum IGFBP-5 concentrations by 7.7- to 3.5-fold at 3-8 wk of age, respectively. Concentrations were 6-49% higher for males compared with females in both wild-type and Tg mice. Surprisingly, BMD decreased in a gender-dependent manner, with Tg male adults affected more severely than Tg females (31.3% vs. 19.2% reduction, respectively, compared with wild-type mice, assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry). Significant gender differences in BMD were confirmed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Histomorphometry revealed that although the bone formation rate and mineralizing surface at the periosteum decreased in Tg mice, they increased at the endosteum, suggesting opposing effects of IGFBP-5 on periosteal and endosteal osteoblasts (by altering proliferation or survival). These findings differ from previous observations in Igf1- and Igf2-null animals. In conclusion, IGFBP-5 has a significant influence on BMD acquisition and maintenance that is dependent on gender and age. The phenotype of Igfbp5 mice cannot be explained solely by IGF inhibition; thus, this study provides the first in vivo evidence, by genetic manipulation, for IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-5 in bone function. These findings have implications for the gender-biased progression of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dervis A M Salih
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 4AT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Faour WH, Alaaeddine N, Mancini A, He QW, Jovanovic D, Di Battista JA. Early growth response factor-1 mediates prostaglandin E2-dependent transcriptional suppression of cytokine-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in human macrophages and rheumatoid arthritis-affected synovial fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:9536-46. [PMID: 15640148 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414067200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that modulates a broad range of inflammatory and immunological processes. We have investigated the potential immunomodulatory properties of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by examining the molecular mechanism by which the eicosanoid suppresses T-cell-derived interleukin-17 (IL-17)-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression and protein synthesis in human macrophages and rheumatoid arthritis-affected synovial fibroblasts. Initial studies confirmed that PGE2 induces egr-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis by restricted SAPK2/p38 MAPK-dependent activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) dimer transactivation of the egr-1 promoter as judged by studies using wild-type (WT) and deletion mutant egr-1 promoter constructs, Northern and Western blotting, and standard and supershift electrophoretic mobility shift analyses. Using human leukemic monocytic THP-1 cells stably transfected with WT and dominant-negative mutant expression constructs of Egr-1, cotransfected or not with a WT pTNF-615SVOCAT construct, we observed that PGE2 inhibition of IL-17-stimulated TNF-alpha mRNA expression and promoter activity was dependent on Egr-1 expression, as mutants of Egr-1, alone or in combination, markedly abrogated any inhibitory effect of PGE2. Standard and supershift electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, signaling "decoy" overexpression studies, and pTNF-615SVOCAT promoter assays using WT and mutant promoter constructs revealed that IL-17-up-regulated promoter activity was largely dependent on ATF-2/c-Jun transactivation. PGE2 suppression of IL-17-induced ATF-2/c-Jun transactivation and DNA binding was dependent on Egr-1-mediated inhibition of induced c-Jun expression. We suggest that egr-1 is an immediate-early PGE2 target gene that may be a key regulatory factor in mediating eicosanoid control of genes involved in the immune and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam H Faour
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang B, Park Y, Cho J, Kim J, Lee T, Kim D, Gu Y, Suzuki I, Chang Y, Kim C. Interleukin‐1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Induce Collagenolysis and Bone Resorption by Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 in Mouse Calvarial Bone Cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2003; 25:347-64. [DOI: 10.1081/iph-120024503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
14
|
Wang L, Ma X, Yeh LC, Adamo ML. Differential regulation of IGF-binding protein gene expression by cAMP in rat C6 glioma cells. Endocrinology 2001; 142:3917-25. [PMID: 11517170 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.9.8357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that cAMP inhibits autocrine IGF-I gene expression in rat C6 glioma cells. In this study we examined the influence of cAMP on IGF-binding protein gene expression in C6 cells. cAMP potently inhibited IGF-binding protein-3 mRNA and, to a lesser extent, IGF-binding protein-4 mRNA and transiently stimulated IGF-binding protein-5 mRNA. The changes in secreted IGF-binding proteins whose molecular weights were consistent with IGF-binding protein-3 and -5 correlated with those of mRNA levels. cAMP decreased the IGF-binding protein-3 mRNA half-life, but did not alter IGF-binding protein-4 and -5 mRNA half-lives. An IGF-binding protein-5 promoter/luciferase fusion construct containing 888 bp of 5'-flanking sequence and the first 114 bp of exon 1 sequence was stimulated by cAMP after 24 h by approximately 2-fold in transient transfection assays. 5'- or 3'-deletion to -33 or +10 (the transcription start site was designated as +1), respectively, did not alter the increase caused by cAMP. Site-directed mutagenesis of the region from -14 to -5 led to a loss of the ability of the IGF-binding protein-5 promoter to respond to cAMP. H89, a cell-permeable protein kinase A inhibitor, did not alter the regulation of IGF-binding protein mRNAs in response to cAMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yeh LC, Lee JC. Identification of an osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7)-responsive element in the promoter of the rat insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 gene. Endocrinology 2000; 141:3278-86. [PMID: 10965899 DOI: 10.1210/endo.141.9.7643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein subfamily of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, induces new bone formation in vivo and regulates the expression of numerous growth factors. We previously showed that OP-1 down-regulates the transcription of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) in primary cultures of fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells. In the present study we identified, within the IGFBP-5 promoter, a 21-bp region that confers OP-1 responsiveness in FRC cells. Within this region lie three putative cis-acting regulatory elements, viz. a CAAT-like sequence, a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPalpha)-like element, and a c-Myb or E-box-like motif. Mutations in the CAAT-like sequence reduced the promoter activity in both control and OP-1-treated cells, but did not abrogate the OP-1-induced down-regulation. Mutations in the C/EBPalpha-like element reduced the promoter activity in both control and OP-1-treated cells without significantly affecting the extent of down-regulation. Mutations in the putative c-Myb or E-box-like motif reduced the promoter activity in both the OP-1-treated and control cells and completely abolished the inhibitory effect of OP-1 on the IGFBP-5 promoter activity. Gel mobility shift analyses further showed specific interaction between nuclear protein(s) in FRC cells and the 21-bp region. OP-1 down-regulates the nuclear regulatory protein interaction with the 21-bp region by reducing either the cellular concentration of the regulatory protein(s) or the affinity of the regulatory protein(s) for the OP-1 responsive element. In conclusion, we identified an OP-1 response region in the rat IGFBP-5 promoter and further showed that OP-1 down-regulates the nuclear protein interaction with the response element(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229-3900, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Clemmons DR. Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins. Compr Physiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
17
|
Ji C, Chen Y, Centrella M, McCarthy TL. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 promoter in osteoblasts by cooperative E box, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein, and nuclear factor-1 deoxyribonucleic acid-binding sequences. Endocrinology 1999; 140:4564-72. [PMID: 10499512 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.10.7061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) has IGF-dependent and -independent actions. PGE2 rapidly increases IGFBP-5 expression by osteoblasts through cAMP-dependent processes. A minimal DNA sequence required for basal and PGE2-stimulated IGFBP-5 promoter activity spans -69 to -35 bp. This region adjoins a functional TATA box and contains E box, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP), nuclear factor-1 (NF-1), and activator protein-2 (AP-2) transcription factor related binding motifs. In this study we compared minimal promoter sequences of -74 to +120 bp, without or with mutations in each potential regulatory element, by reporter gene expression and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Mutation of the E box-related element reduced basal promoter activity by 50% and eliminated the 2-fold stimulatory effect of PGE2. In contrast, mutations in the C/EBP- or NF-1-related elements also reduced basal promoter activity without fully eliminating the PGE2 effect. Overexpression of C/EBPdelta stimulated basal IGFBP-5 promoter activity, and this effect was eliminated by mutating the C/EBP-binding site. However, mutation of the AP-2-binding site or overexpression of AP-2 did not correlate with basal or PGE2-induced promoter activation. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay, prominent gel shift complexes occurred with osteoblast nuclear extracts and 32P-labeled probes spanning the E box-, C/EBP-, and NF-1-related motifs. These gel shift complexes were depleted by specific binding site mutations and were enhanced by PGE2. Increased binding by extracts from PGE2-treated cultures was blocked by cycloheximide treatment. These results identify several elements as integral binding sequences for both basal and PGE2-stimulated IGFBP-5 promoter activity. They further reveal that multiple sequences within this cluster form a basic transcription unit where nuclear factors can accumulate in a protein synthesis-dependent way and enhance IGFBP-5 expression by osteoblasts in response to PGE2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ji
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Plastic Surgery, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8041, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Boonyaratanakornkit V, Strong DD, Mohan S, Baylink DJ, Beck CA, Linkhart TA. Progesterone stimulation of human insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 gene transcription in human osteoblasts is mediated by a CACCC sequence in the proximal promoter. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:26431-8. [PMID: 10473602 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.37.26431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is produced by osteoblasts and potentiates insulin-like growth factor mitogenic stimulation in osteoblast cell cultures. Progesterone (PG) increased IGFBP-5 expression in normal human osteoblasts and increased IGFBP-5 transcription in U2 human osteosarcoma cells. We developed a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct containing the human IGFBP-5 proximal promoter sequence, which includes TATA and CAAT boxes, and five putative PG response element half-sites. 10(-8) M PG increased promoter activity of this construct in U2 cells co-transfected with a PG receptor isoform A (PR(A)) expression vector. Analysis of 5' deletion constructs indicates that PG transactivation of IGFBP-5 promoter activity does not require the PG response element half-sites but does require the region -162 to -124 containing two tandem CACCC box sequences. Mutation of the proximal CACCC box at -139 eliminated PG transactivation. Gel shift assays using a -162 to -124 DNA fragment, U2 cell nuclear extracts, and purified PR(A) protein indicate that nuclear factors bind to a CACCC sequence at -139 and that PR(A) alters the pattern of transcription factor interaction with the CACCC sequence. Using a luciferase reporter construct containing base pairs -252 to +24 of the IGFBP-5 promoter, we found that both PR(A) and PR(B) isoforms mediated PG stimulation of promoter activity. These results suggest that PG may stimulate IGFBP-5 gene transcription via a novel mechanism involving PR and CACCC-binding factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Boonyaratanakornkit
- J. L. Pettis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92357, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Seifert MF, Ney DM, Grahn M, Grant AL, Allen KG, Watkins BA. Dietary conjugated linoleic acids alter serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein concentrations and reduce bone formation in rats fed (n-6) or (n-3) fatty acids. J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14:1153-62. [PMID: 10404015 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.7.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A study was designed to examine the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and the relationship of these factors to bone metabolism. Weanling male rats were fed AIN-93G diet containing 70 g/kg of added fat for 42 days. Treatments included 0 g/kg or 10 g/kg of CLA and soybean oil (SBO) or menhaden oil + safflower oil (MSO) following a 2 x 2 factorial design. Serum IGFBP was influenced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) type ((n-6) and (n-3)) and CLA (p = 0.01 for 38-43 kDa bands corresponding to IGFBP-3). CLA increased IGFBP level in rats fed SBO (p = 0.05) but reduced it in those fed MSO (p = 0.01). Rats fed MSO had the highest serum IGFBP-3 level. Both (n-3) fatty acids and CLA lowered ex vivo prostaglandin E2 production in bone organ culture. In tibia, rats given CLA had reduced mineral apposition rate (3.69 vs. 2.79 microm/day) and bone formation rate (BFR) (0.96 vs. 0.65 microm3/microm2/day); however, the BFR tended to be higher with MSO. Dietary lipid treatments did not affect serum intact osteocalcin or bone mineral content. These results showed that dietary PUFA type and CLA modulate local factors that regulate bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Food Science, Lipid Chemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martínez ME, Heddens D, Earnest DL, Bogert CL, Roe D, Einspahr J, Marshall JR, Alberts DS. Physical activity, body mass index, and prostaglandin E2 levels in rectal mucosa. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:950-3. [PMID: 10359547 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.11.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests a relationship between prostaglandin levels in colonic mucosa and risk of colon cancer. Physical inactivity and a higher body mass index (BMI; weight in kilograms divided by [height in meters]2) have been consistently shown to increase risk of this cancer. We investigated whether higher levels of leisure-time physical activity or a lower BMI was associated with lower concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rectal mucosa. METHODS This study was conducted in 41 men and 22 women, 42-78 years of age, with a history of polyps, who participated in a randomized clinical trial testing the effects of piroxicam on rectal mucosal PGE2 levels. An [125I]PGE2 radioimmunoassay kit was used to determine PGE2 levels in samples of extracted rectal mucosa collected before randomization. Leisure-time physical activity was assessed through a self-administered questionnaire collected at baseline. The reported time spent at each activity per week was multiplied by its typical energy expenditure, expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs), to yield a MET-hours per week score. A repeated measures model was used to assess the effect of BMI and physical activity as predictors of PGE2 concentration. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS After adjustment for age, a higher BMI was associated with higher PGE2 levels (P = .001). A higher level of leisure-time physical activity was inversely associated with PGE2 concentration (P<.03). An increase in BMI from 24.2 to 28.8 kg/m2 was associated with a 27% increase in PGE2. An increase in activity level from 5.2 to 27.7 MET-hours per week was associated with a 28% decrease in PGE2. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity and obesity may alter the risk of colon cancer through their effects on PGE2 synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Martínez
- Arizona Cancer Center and Arizona Prevention Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Millet I, McCarthy TL, Vignery A. Regulation of interleukin-6 production by prostaglandin E2 in fetal rat osteoblasts: role of protein kinase A signaling pathway. J Bone Miner Res 1998; 13:1092-100. [PMID: 9661073 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.7.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an abundant eicosanoid in bone that has been implicated in a number of pathological states associated with bone loss. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that plays a critical role in bone remodeling and appears to act as a downstream effector of most bone-resorbing agents. In light of the evidence that PGE2 induces IL-6 in the bone environment, this study was designed to investigate whether PGE2 regulated IL-6 expression by osteoblasts. Here we demonstrate that PGE2 is a potent inducer of IL-6 production by fetal rat osteoblasts and synergizes with lipopolysaccharide to enhance IL-6. We show that PGE2 stimulates the activity of the IL-6 promoter in osteoblasts, suggesting that PGE2 controls IL-6 gene expression at least at the transcriptional level. Moreover, we show that PGE2-mediated IL-6 induction is prevented by the cAMP antagonist, Rp-cAMP, and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, KT5720 and H89. Thus, our data indicate that PGE2 involves the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway to regulate IL-6 gene expression in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Millet
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeeh JM, Mohapatra N, Lund PK, Eysselein VE, McRoberts JA. Differential expression and localization of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins in inflamed rat colon. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 1998; 18:265-80. [PMID: 9879061 DOI: 10.3109/10799899809047747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate increased insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) expression and altered expression of IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) in the bowel during experimental colitis. This study analyzes the cellular sites of altered IGF-I and IGFBP-expression in large bowel of rats with experimental colitis. Colitis was induced by colonic instillation of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic (TNB) acid in ethanol. Animals were sacrificed at 7 days after induction of colitis. Cryostat sections of colon from TNB-treated and control rats were hybridized with 35S-labeled antisense probes for IGF-I, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5. IGF-I mRNA was up-regulated in lamina propria cells, submucosa and smooth muscle of inflamed colon. IGFBP-3 mRNA was localized to lamina propria and was down-regulated in inflamed colon. IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 mRNAs were both up-regulated in inflamed colon. IGFBP-4 mRNA was increased in lamina propria, submucosa and smooth muscle, whereas IGFBP-5 mRNA was increased in smooth muscle. Increased IGF-I expression in mesenchymal layers of colon during experimental colitis supports the hypothesis that IGF-I contributes to hyperplasia and fibrosis in response to inflammation. Altered expression of IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 in specific bowel layers during colitis suggests that they play a role in modulating IGF-I action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Zeeh
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ji C, Casinghino S, Chang DJ, Chen Y, Javed A, Ito Y, Hiebert SW, Lian JB, Stein GS, McCarthy TL, Centrella M. CBFa(AML/PEBP2)-related elements in the TGF-β type I receptor promoter and expression with osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19980601)69:3<353::aid-jcb12>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Shin JH, Ji C, Casinghino S, McCarthy TL, Centrella M. Parathyroid hormone-related protein enhances insulin-like growth factor-I expression by fetal rat dermal fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:23498-502. [PMID: 9295284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.38.23498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cells of differing embryonic origins comprise a common theme during tissue development and repair. Often, communication between them can be mediated by soluble growth mediators and in some cases is restricted in focus. That is, some cells respond to, but do not produce, mediators expressed by other cells within the tissue. Because keratinocytes respond to but do not express insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), another skin cell population, the dermal fibroblast, may supply this factor. However, keratinocytes express, but do not respond to parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrp), which increases cAMP production by dermal fibroblasts. Based on earlier results where inducers of cAMP increase local IGF-I expression in skeletal tissue, we postulated that PTHrp might induce local IGF-I by dermal fibroblasts and provide a source of this factor for keratinocyte activity. Our studies reveal that IGF-I mRNA and protein levels increase in response to PTHrp in vitro, and that this effect is replicated by inducers of cAMP, but not by activators of protein kinase C. Consequently, these factors appear to comprise a paracrine loop within the skin, permitting focused but restricted IGF-I expression to support skin growth, remodeling, or repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Shin
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8041, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Indomethacin Is a Potent Inhibitor of Pristane and Plastic Disc Induced Plasmacytomagenesis in a Hypersusceptible BALB/c Congenic Strain. Blood 1997. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v90.1.260.260_260_269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous indomethacin (INDO) administration in the drinking water (10 to 20 μg/mL) profoundly inhibited plasmacytoma (PCT) development initiated by three 0.2- or 0.5-mL intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of pristane in hypersusceptible BALB/c.DBA/2-Idh1-Pep3 congenic mice. The most effective inhibitions were obtained with continuous INDO treatment. When treatment was delayed until 50 to 60 days after the first pristane injection, there was approximately a 50% reduction in PCT incidence. The primary action of pristane is the induction of a chronic inflammation in the peritoneal connective tissues and the formation of a microenvironment where PCTs develop. INDO, a powerful inhibitor of prostaglandin synthases (cyclooxygenases 1 and 2), did not inhibit the formation of mesenteric oil granuloma nor the appearance of cells in this chronic inflammatory tissue carrying c-myc illegitimately joined to an Ig heavy chain switch region, ie, the t(12; 15) chromosomal translocation. INDO inhibited PCT induction by the i.p. implantation of 21 × 2 mm polycarbonate discs. These solid objects predominantly induce the formation of a patchy fibroplastic tissue on contacting peritoneal surfaces. These and previous data indicate that indomethacin inhibits an intermediate stage in PCT development after the arrival of cells bearing the T(12; 15) translocation in the oil granuloma and before these cells acquire transplantability to a pristane-conditioned host. The biological mechanism that explains how INDO inhibits PCT development is not yet established but appears to result from decreased production of prostaglandins in chronic inflammatory tissues (oil granuloma, fibroplasia), suggesting that prostaglandins play an active role in oil and solid plastic induced PCT formation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Indomethacin Is a Potent Inhibitor of Pristane and Plastic Disc Induced Plasmacytomagenesis in a Hypersusceptible BALB/c Congenic Strain. Blood 1997. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v90.1.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractContinuous indomethacin (INDO) administration in the drinking water (10 to 20 μg/mL) profoundly inhibited plasmacytoma (PCT) development initiated by three 0.2- or 0.5-mL intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of pristane in hypersusceptible BALB/c.DBA/2-Idh1-Pep3 congenic mice. The most effective inhibitions were obtained with continuous INDO treatment. When treatment was delayed until 50 to 60 days after the first pristane injection, there was approximately a 50% reduction in PCT incidence. The primary action of pristane is the induction of a chronic inflammation in the peritoneal connective tissues and the formation of a microenvironment where PCTs develop. INDO, a powerful inhibitor of prostaglandin synthases (cyclooxygenases 1 and 2), did not inhibit the formation of mesenteric oil granuloma nor the appearance of cells in this chronic inflammatory tissue carrying c-myc illegitimately joined to an Ig heavy chain switch region, ie, the t(12; 15) chromosomal translocation. INDO inhibited PCT induction by the i.p. implantation of 21 × 2 mm polycarbonate discs. These solid objects predominantly induce the formation of a patchy fibroplastic tissue on contacting peritoneal surfaces. These and previous data indicate that indomethacin inhibits an intermediate stage in PCT development after the arrival of cells bearing the T(12; 15) translocation in the oil granuloma and before these cells acquire transplantability to a pristane-conditioned host. The biological mechanism that explains how INDO inhibits PCT development is not yet established but appears to result from decreased production of prostaglandins in chronic inflammatory tissues (oil granuloma, fibroplasia), suggesting that prostaglandins play an active role in oil and solid plastic induced PCT formation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Di Battista J, Doré S, Morin N, He Y, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 expression and synthesis in cultured human articular chondrocytes: Possible mediation by Ca++ -calmodulin regulated processes. J Cell Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19970601)65:3<408::aid-jcb10>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
29
|
Ji C, Casinghino S, McCarthy TL, Centrella M. Cloning, characterization, and expression of the transforming growth factor-β type I receptor promoter in fetal rat bone cells. J Cell Biochem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19961215)63:4<478::aid-jcb9>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
30
|
Ji C, Casinghino S, McCarthy TL, Centrella M. Cloning, characterization, and expression of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor promoter in fetal rat bone cells. J Cell Biochem 1996; 63:478-90. [PMID: 8978463 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19961215)63:4%3c478::aid-jcb9%3e3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) binds several discrete membrane proteins. Of these, a type 1 receptor appears indispensable for signal transduction. Previous examination of TGF-beta receptor expression has been limited to changes in cell surface protein, and more recently, mRNA abundance. In order to learn more about TGF-beta function and receptor expression during osteogenesis, we have now cloned a 4 kilobase (kb) DNA fragment 5' proximal to the coding region of the rat TGF-beta type I receptor gene. Sequence analysis revealed multiple elements compatible with transcription initiation, including a properly positioned and oriented CCAAT box, six Sp1 binding sites (three defining GC boxes), and two strong AP2 binding sites within a 0.7 kb span directly upstream of the coding region. The 3' terminal 0.3 kb span comprises a GC-enriched (77%) so-called CpG island that, like other similarly organized promoters, lacks a TATA box. Primer extension and RNase protection studies with cRNAs from this area show multiple initiation sites within 220 bp 5' proximal to the initial methionine codon. Transient transfections using nested, deleted, and inverted promoter sequences demonstrated maximal reporter expression by a 1 kb fragment encompassing all of these elements. Truncation of the 1 kb fragment from the 5' and 3' ends indicated the need for several elements for peak promoter activity. These results, and transfections in fetal rat bone and dermal cells, suggest that this promoter contains elements that specify basal and conditional expression of the TGF-beta type I receptor in bone.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Codon, Initiator
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Library
- Genes, Reporter
- Methionine/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Parietal Bone/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Complementary/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Deletion
- Skin/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ji
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8041, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|