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Singh N, Singh AK. In Silico Structural Modeling and Binding Site Analysis of Cerebroside Sulfotransferase (CST): A Therapeutic Target for Developing Substrate Reduction Therapy for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10748-10768. [PMID: 38463293 PMCID: PMC10918841 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST) is emerging as an important therapeutic target to develop substrate reduction therapy (SRT) for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), a rare neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. MLD develops with progressive impairment and destruction of the myelin sheath as a result of accumulation of sulfatide around the nerve cells in the absence of its recycling mechanism with deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ARSA). Sulfatide is the product of the catalytic action of cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST), which needs to be regulated under pathophysiological conditions by inhibitor development. To carry out in silico-based preliminary drug screening or for designing new drug candidates, a high-quality three-dimensional (3D) structure is needed in the absence of an experimentally derived three-dimensional crystal structure. In this study, a 3D model of the protein was developed using a primary sequence with the SWISS-MODEL server by applying the top four GMEQ score-based templates belonging to the sulfotransferase family as a reference. The 3D model of CST highlights the features of the protein responsible for its catalytic action. The CST model comprises five β-strands, which are flanked by ten α-helices from both sides as well as form the upside cover of the catalytic pocket of CST. CST has two catalytic regions: PAPS (-sulfo donor) binding and galactosylceramide (-sulfo acceptor) binding. The catalytic action of CST was proposed via molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation with PAPS, galactosylceramide (GC), PAPS-galactosylceramide, and PAP. The stability of the model and its catalytic action were confirmed using molecular dynamic simulation-based trajectory analysis. CST response against the inhibition potential of the experimentally reported competitive inhibitor of CST was confirmed via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, which suggested the suitability of the CST model for future drug discovery to strengthen substrate reduction therapy for MLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Singh
- Department of Dravyaguna,
Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Dravyaguna,
Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Dustin E, McQuiston AR, Honke K, Palavicini JP, Han X, Dupree JL. Adult-onset depletion of sulfatide leads to axonal degeneration with relative myelin sparing. Glia 2023; 71:2285-2303. [PMID: 37283058 PMCID: PMC11007682 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide (sulfatide) constitutes a class of sphingolipids that comprise about 4% of myelin lipids in the central nervous system. Previously, our group characterized a mouse with sulfatide's synthesizing enzyme, cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST), constitutively disrupted. Using these mice, we demonstrated that sulfatide is required for establishment and maintenance of myelin, axoglial junctions, and axonal domains and that sulfatide depletion results in structural pathologies commonly observed in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, sulfatide is reduced in regions of normal appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS patients. Sulfatide reduction in NAWM suggests depletion occurs early in disease development and consistent with functioning as a driving force of disease progression. To closely model MS, an adult-onset disease, our lab generated a "floxed" CST mouse and mated it against the PLP-creERT mouse, resulting in a double transgenic mouse that provides temporal and cell-type specific ablation of the Cst gene (Gal3st1). Using this mouse, we demonstrate adult-onset sulfatide depletion has limited effects on myelin structure but results in the loss of axonal integrity including deterioration of domain organization accompanied by axonal degeneration. Moreover, structurally preserved myelinated axons progressively lose the ability to function as myelinated axons, indicated by the loss of the N1 peak. Together, our findings indicate that sulfatide depletion, which occurs in the early stages of MS progression, is sufficient to drive the loss of axonal function independent of demyelination and that axonal pathology, which is responsible for the irreversible loss of neuronal function that is prevalent in MS, may occur earlier than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dustin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Research Service, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care Systems, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - A R McQuiston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - K Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - J P Palavicini
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - X Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - J L Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Research Service, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care Systems, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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3
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Soprano LL, Ferrero MR, Jacobs T, Couto AS, Duschak VG. Hallmarks of the relationship between host and Trypanosoma cruzi sulfated glycoconjugates along the course of Chagas disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1028496. [PMID: 37256110 PMCID: PMC10225527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1028496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease (ChD), a major problem that is still endemic in large areas of Latin America, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This agent holds a major antigen, cruzipain (Cz). Its C-terminal domain (C-T) is retained in the glycoprotein mature form and bears several post-translational modifications. Glycoproteins containing sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides have been mostly implicated in numerous specific procedures of molecular recognition. The presence of sulfated oligosaccharides was demonstrated in Cz, also in a minor abundant antigen with serine-carboxypeptidase (SCP) activity, as well as in parasite sulfatides. Sulfate-bearing glycoproteins in Trypanosomatids are targets of specific immune responses. T. cruzi chronically infected subjects mount specific humoral immune responses to sulfated Cz. Unexpectedly, in the absence of infection, mice immunized with C-T, but not with sulfate-depleted C-T, showed ultrastructural heart anomalous pathological effects. Moreover, the synthetic anionic sugar conjugate GlcNAc6SO3-BSA showed to mimic the N-glycan-linked sulfated epitope (sulfotope) humoral responses that natural Cz elicits. Furthermore, it has been reported that sulfotopes participate via the binding of sialic acid Ig-like-specific lectins (Siglecs) to sulfosialylated glycoproteins in the immunomodulation by host-parasite interaction as well as in the parasite infection process. Strikingly, recent evidence involved Cz-sulfotope-specific antibodies in the immunopathogenesis and infection processes during the experimental ChD. Remarkably, sera from chronically T. cruzi-infected individuals with mild disease displayed higher levels of IgG2 antibodies specific for sulfated glycoproteins and sulfatides than those with more severe forms of the disease, evidencing that T. cruzi sulfotopes are antigenic independently of the sulfated glycoconjugate type. Ongoing assays indicate that antibodies specific for sulfotopes might be considered biomarkers of human cardiac ChD progression, playing a role as predictors of stability from the early mild stages of chronic ChD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L. Soprano
- Area of Protein Biochemistry and Parasite Glycobiology, Research Department National Institute of Parasitology (INP)”Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, National Administration of Health Institutes (ANLIS)-Malbrán, National Health Department, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano R. Ferrero
- Max-Planck Heart and Lung Laboratory, Research Institute in Biomedicine in Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Argentine-Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Immunology Department, Bernhard Notch Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia S. Couto
- Faculty in Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEN), Chemical Organic Department-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Center of CarboHydrates (CHIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma G. Duschak
- Area of Protein Biochemistry and Parasite Glycobiology, Research Department National Institute of Parasitology (INP)”Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, National Administration of Health Institutes (ANLIS)-Malbrán, National Health Department, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Das KK, Brown JW. 3'-sulfated Lewis A/C: An oncofetal epitope associated with metaplastic and oncogenic plasticity of the gastrointestinal foregut. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089028. [PMID: 36866273 PMCID: PMC9971977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer arise from normal epithelia via a plastic cellular transformation, typically in the setting of chronic inflammation. Such transformations are the focus of numerous studies that strive to identify the changes in RNA/Protein expression that drive such plasticity along with the contributions from the mesenchyme and immune cells. However, despite being widely utilized clinically as biomarkers for such transitions, the role of glycosylation epitopes is understudied in this context. Here, we explore 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C, a clinically validated biomarker for high-risk metaplasia and cancer throughout the gastrointestinal foregut: esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. We discuss the clinical correlation of sulfomucin expression with metaplastic and oncogenic transformation, as well as its synthesis, intracellular and extracellular receptors and suggest potential roles for 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C in contributing to and maintaining these malignant cellular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik K Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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5
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Field MA, Yadav S, Dudchenko O, Esvaran M, Rosen BD, Skvortsova K, Edwards RJ, Keilwagen J, Cochran BJ, Manandhar B, Bustamante S, Rasmussen JA, Melvin RG, Chernoff B, Omer A, Colaric Z, Chan EKF, Minoche AE, Smith TPL, Gilbert MTP, Bogdanovic O, Zammit RA, Thomas T, Aiden EL, Ballard JWO. The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5944. [PMID: 35452284 PMCID: PMC9032958 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a high-quality de novo assembly of a pure dingo (CanFam_DDS). We identified large chromosomal differences relative to the current dog reference (CanFam3.1) and confirmed no expanded pancreatic amylase gene as found in breed dogs. Phylogenetic analyses using variant pairwise matrices show that the dingo is distinct from five breed dogs with 100% bootstrap support when using Greenland wolf as the outgroup. Functionally, we observe differences in methylation patterns between the dingo and German shepherd dog genomes and differences in serum biochemistry and microbiome makeup. Our results suggest that distinct demographic and environmental conditions have shaped the dingo genome. In contrast, artificial human selection has likely shaped the genomes of domestic breed dogs after divergence from the dingo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A. Field
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sonu Yadav
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Olga Dudchenko
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Meera Esvaran
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin D. Rosen
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Ksenia Skvortsova
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Richard J. Edwards
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jens Keilwagen
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Blake J. Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jacob Agerbo Rasmussen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard G. Melvin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Barry Chernoff
- College of the Environment, Departments of Biology, and Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Arina Omer
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zane Colaric
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eva K. F. Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Statewide Genomics, New South Wales Health Pathology, 45 Watt St, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - Andre E. Minoche
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Timothy P. L. Smith
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Rd 313, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- University Museum, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ozren Bogdanovic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert A. Zammit
- Vineyard Veterinary Hospital, 703 Windsor Rd, Vineyard, NSW 2765, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Erez L. Aiden
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong 201210, China
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J. William O. Ballard
- Department of Environment and Genetics, SABE, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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6
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Nakashima K, Hirahara Y, Koike T, Tanaka S, Gamo K, Oe S, Hayashi S, Seki-Omura R, Nakano Y, Ohe C, Yoshida T, Kataoka Y, Tsuda M, Yamashita T, Honke K, Kitada M. Sulfatide with ceramide composed of phytosphingosine (t18:0) and 2-hydroxy fatty acids in renal intercalated cells. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100210. [PMID: 35439525 PMCID: PMC9157219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse molecular species of sulfatide with differences in FA lengths, unsaturation degrees, and hydroxylation statuses are expressed in the kidneys. However, the physiological functions of specific sulfatide species in the kidneys are unclear. Here, we evaluated the distribution of specific sulfatide species in the kidneys and their physiological functions. Electron microscopic analysis of kidneys of Cst-deficient mice lacking sulfatide showed vacuolar accumulation in the cytoplasm of intercalated cells in the collecting duct, whereas the proximal and distal tubules were unchanged. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that vacuolar H+-ATPase-positive vesicles were accumulated in intercalated cells in sulfatide-deficient kidneys. Seventeen sulfatide species were detected in the murine kidney by iMScope MALDI-MS analysis. The distribution of the specific sulfatide species was classified into four patterns. Although most sulfatide species were highly expressed in the outer medullary layer, two unique sulfatide species of m/z 896.6 (predicted ceramide structure: t18:0-C22:0h) and m/z 924.6 (predicted ceramide structure: t18:0-C24:0h) were dispersed along the collecting duct, implying expression in intercalated cells. In addition, the intercalated cell-enriched fraction was purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using the anti-vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit 6V0A4, which predominantly contained sulfatide species (m/z 896.6 and 924.6). The Degs2 and Fa2h genes, which are responsible for ceramide hydroxylation, were expressed in the purified intercalated cells. These results suggested that sulfatide molecular species with ceramide composed of phytosphingosine (t18:0) and 2-hydroxy FAs, which were characteristically expressed in intercalated cells, were involved in the excretion of NH3 and protons into the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research; Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuyuki Yamashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Nangoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Nangoku, Kochi, Japan
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7
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Sun L, Konstantinidi A, Ye Z, Nason R, Zhang Y, Büll C, Kahl-Knutson B, Hansen L, Leffler H, Vakhrushev SY, Yang Z, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Installation of O-glycan sulfation capacities in human HEK293 cells for display of sulfated mucins. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101382. [PMID: 34954141 PMCID: PMC8789585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains at least 35 genes that encode Golgi sulfotransferases that function in the secretory pathway, where they are involved in decorating glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with sulfate groups. Although a number of important interactions by proteins such as selectins, galectins, and sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are thought to mainly rely on sulfated O-glycans, our insight into the sulfotransferases that modify these glycoproteins, and in particular GalNAc-type O-glycoproteins, is limited. Moreover, sulfated mucins appear to accumulate in respiratory diseases, arthritis, and cancer. To explore further the genetic and biosynthetic regulation of sulfated O-glycans, here we expanded a cell-based glycan array in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line with sulfation capacities. We stably engineered O-glycan sulfation capacities in HEK293 cells by site-directed knockin of sulfotransferase genes in combination with knockout of genes to eliminate endogenous O-glycan branching (core2 synthase gene GCNT1) and/or sialylation capacities in order to provide simplified substrates (core1 Galβ1–3GalNAcα1–O-Ser/Thr) for the introduced sulfotransferases. Expression of the galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 in HEK293 cells resulted in sulfation of core1 and core2 O-glycans, whereas expression of galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase 4 resulted in sulfation of core1 only. We used the engineered cell library to dissect the binding specificity of galectin-4 and confirmed binding to the 3-O-sulfo-core1 O-glycan. This is a first step toward expanding the emerging cell-based glycan arrays with the important sulfation modification for display and production of glycoconjugates with sulfated O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Andriana Konstantinidi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Porubsky S, Nientiedt M, Kriegmair MC, Siemoneit JHH, Sandhoff R, Jennemann R, Borgmann H, Gaiser T, Weis CA, Erben P, Hielscher T, Popovic ZV. The prognostic value of galactosylceramide-sulfotransferase (Gal3ST1) in human renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10926. [PMID: 34035403 PMCID: PMC8149814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the deadliest primary genitourinary malignancy typically associated with asymptomatic initial presentation and poorly predictable survival. Next to established risk factors, tumor microenvironment may alter metastatic capacity and immune landscape. Due to their high concentrations, sulfoglycolipids (sulfatides) were among the first well-described antigens in RCC that are associated with worse prognosis. As sulfatide detection in routine diagnostics is not possible, we aimed to test the prognostic value of its protein counterpart, sulfatide-producing enzyme Gal3ST1. We performed retrospective long-term follow up analysis of Gal3ST1 expression as prognostic risk factor in a representative RCC patient cohort. We observed differentially regulated Gal3ST1 expression in all RCC types, being significantly more associated with clear cell RCC than to chromophobe RCC (p = 0.001). Surprisingly, in contrast to published observations from in vitro models, we could not confirm an association between Gal3ST1 expression and a malignant clinical behaviour of the RCC. In our cohort, Gal3ST1 did not significantly influence progression-free survival (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.7 95% CI (0.6–4.9), p = 0.327). Particularly after adjusting for histology, T-stage, N-status and M-status at baseline, we observed no independent prognostic effect (HR = 1.0 95% CI (0.3–3.3), p = 0.96). The analysis of Gal3ST1 mRNA expression in a TCGA dataset supported the results of our cohort. Thus, Gal3ST1 might help to differentiate between chromophobe RCC and other frequent RCC entities but—despite previously published data from cell culture models—does not qualify as a prognostic marker for RCC. Further investigation of regulatory mechanisms of sulfatide metabolism in human RCC microenvironment is necessary to understand the role of this quantitatively prominent glycosphingolipid in RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Porubsky
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Malin Nientiedt
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian C Kriegmair
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jörn-Helge Heinrich Siemoneit
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Jennemann
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Borgmann
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cleo-Aron Weis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoran V Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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9
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Lee TY, Lu WJ, Changou CA, Hsiung YC, Trang NTT, Lee CY, Chang TH, Jayakumar T, Hsieh CY, Yang CH, Chang CC, Chen RJ, Sheu JR, Lin KH. Platelet autophagic machinery involved in thrombosis through a novel linkage of AMPK-MTOR to sphingolipid metabolism. Autophagy 2021; 17:4141-4158. [PMID: 33749503 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1904495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal macroautophagy/autophagy has recently been found in anucleate platelets. Platelet autophagy is involved in platelet activation and thrombus formation. However, the mechanism underlying autophagy in anucleate platelets require further clarification. Our data revealed that LC3-II formation and SQSTM1/p62 degradation were noted in H2O2-activated human platelets, which could be blocked by 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1, indicating that platelet activation may cause platelet autophagy. AMPK phosphorylation and MTOR dephosphorylation were also detected, and block of AMPK activity by the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin reversed SQSTM1 degradation and LC3-II formation. Moreover, autophagosome formation was observed through transmission electron microscopy and deconvolution microscopy. These findings suggest that platelet autophagy was induced partly through the AMPK-MTOR pathway. In addition, increased LC3-II expression occurred only in H2O2-treated Atg5f/f platelets, but not in H2O2-treated atg5-/- platelets, suggesting that platelet autophagy occurs during platelet activation. atg5-/- platelets also exhibited a lower aggregation in response to agonists, and platelet-specific atg5-/- mice exhibited delayed thrombus formation in mesenteric microvessles and decreased mortality rate due to pulmonary thrombosis. Notably, metabolic analysis revealed that sphingolipid metabolism is involved in platelet activation, as evidenced by observed several altered metabolites, which could be reversed by dorsomorphin. Therefore, platelet autophagy and platelet activation are positively correlated, partly through the interconnected network of sphingolipid metabolism. In conclusion, this study for the first time demonstrated that AMPK-MTOR signaling could regulate platelet autophagy. A novel linkage between AMPK-MTOR and sphingolipid metabolism in anucleate platelet autophagy was also identified: platelet autophagy and platelet activation are positively correlated.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; A.C.D.: citric acid/sod. citrate/glucose; ADP: adenosine diphosphate; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATG: autophagy-related; B4GALT/LacCS: beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; BHT: butylate hydrooxytoluene; BSA: bovine serum albumin; DAG: diacylglycerol; ECL: enhanced chemiluminescence; EDTA: ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GALC/GCDase: galactosylceramidase; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GBA/GluSDase: glucosylceramidase beta; GPI: glycosylphosphatidylinositol; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; HMDB: human metabolome database; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IF: immunofluorescence; IgG: immunoglobulin G; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MPV: mean platelet volume; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; ox-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PLS-DA: partial least-squares discriminant analysis; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; Q-TOF: quadrupole-time of flight; RBC: red blood cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6KB/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; S.E.M.: standard error of the mean; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; SGMS: sphingomyelin synthase; SM: sphingomyelin; SMPD/SMase: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; UGT8/CGT: UDP glycosyltransferase 8; UGCG/GCS: UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UPLC: ultra-performance liquid chromatography; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; WBC: white blood cell; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun A Changou
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Core Facility, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Nguyen T T Trang
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Lee
- Research Information Session, Office of Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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10
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McKitrick TR, Eris D, Mondal N, Aryal RP, McCurley N, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Antibodies from Lampreys as Smart Anti-Glycan Reagents (SAGRs): Perspectives on Their Specificity, Structure, and Glyco-genomics. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3111-3122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R. McKitrick
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Deniz Eris
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nandini Mondal
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rajindra P. Aryal
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nathanael McCurley
- Office of Technology Transfer and Commercialization, Georgia State University, 58 Edgewood Ave Rm 341, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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11
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The sugar code: letters and vocabulary, writers, editors and readers and biosignificance of functional glycan-lectin pairing. Biochem J 2019; 476:2623-2655. [PMID: 31551311 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous occurrence in Nature, abundant presence at strategically important places such as the cell surface and dynamic shifts in their profile by diverse molecular switches qualifies the glycans to serve as versatile biochemical signals. However, their exceptional structural complexity often prevents one noting how simple the rules of objective-driven assembly of glycan-encoded messages are. This review is intended to provide a tutorial for a broad readership. The principles of why carbohydrates meet all demands to be the coding section of an information transfer system, and this at unsurpassed high density, are explained. Despite appearing to be a random assortment of sugars and their substitutions, seemingly subtle structural variations in glycan chains by a sophisticated enzymatic machinery have emerged to account for their specific biological meaning. Acting as 'readers' of glycan-encoded information, carbohydrate-specific receptors (lectins) are a means to turn the glycans' potential to serve as signals into a multitude of (patho)physiologically relevant responses. Once the far-reaching significance of this type of functional pairing has become clear, the various modes of spatial presentation of glycans and of carbohydrate recognition domains in lectins can be explored and rationalized. These discoveries are continuously revealing the intricacies of mutually adaptable routes to achieve essential selectivity and specificity. Equipped with these insights, readers will gain a fundamental understanding why carbohydrates form the third alphabet of life, joining the ranks of nucleotides and amino acids, and will also become aware of the importance of cellular communication via glycan-lectin recognition.
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12
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Montgomery MR, Hull EE. Alterations in the glycome after HDAC inhibition impact oncogenic potential in epigenetically plastic SW13 cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:79. [PMID: 30651077 PMCID: PMC6335691 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Defects in the type and degree of cellular glycosylation impact oncogenesis on multiple levels. Although the type of glycosylation is determined by protein sequence encoded by the genome, the extent and modifications of glycosylation depends on the activity of biosynthetic enzymes and recent data suggests that the glycome is also subject to epigenetic regulation. This study focuses on the ability of HDAC inhibition to alter glycosylation and to lead to pro-oncogenic alterations in the glycome as assessed by metastatic potential and chemoresistance. Methods Epigenetically plastic SW13 adrenocortical carcinoma cells were treated with FK228, an HDAC inhibitor with high affinity for HDAC1 and, to a lesser extent, HDAC2. In comparing HDAC inhibitor treated and control cells, differential expression of glycome-related genes were assessed by microarray. Differential glycosylation was then assessed by lectin binding arrays and the ability of cellular proteins to bind to glycans was assessed by glycan binding arrays. Differential sensitivity to paclitaxel, proliferation, and MMP activity were also assessed. Results Treatment with FK228 alters expression of enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways for a large number of glycome related genes including enzymes in all major glycosylation pathways and several glycan binding proteins. 84% of these differentially expressed glycome-related genes are linked to cancer, some as prognostic markers and others contributing basic oncogenic functions such as metastasis or chemoresistance. Glycan binding proteins also appear to be differentially expressed as protein extracts from treated and untreated cells show differential binding to glycan arrays. The impact of differential mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes was documented by differential lectin binding. However, the assessment of changes in the glycome is complicated by the fact that detection of differential glycosylation through lectin binding is dependent on the methods used to prepare samples as protein-rich lysates show different binding than fixed cells in several cases. Paralleling the alterations in the glycome, treatment of SW13 cells with FK228 increases metastatic potential and reduces sensitivity to paclitaxel. Conclusions The glycome is substantially altered by HDAC inhibition and these changes may have far-reaching impacts on oncogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5129-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKale R Montgomery
- College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Hull
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
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13
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Maganti RJ, Hronowski XL, Dunstan RW, Wipke BT, Zhang X, Jandreski L, Hamann S, Juhasz P. Defining Changes in the Spatial Distribution and Composition of Brain Lipids in the Shiverer and Cuprizone Mouse Models of Myelin Disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 67:203-219. [PMID: 30501365 PMCID: PMC6393840 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418815860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is composed primarily of lipids and diseases affecting myelin are associated with alterations in its lipid composition. However, correlation of the spatial (in situ) distribution of lipids with the disease-associated compositional and morphological changes is not well defined. Herein we applied high resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) to evaluate brain lipid alterations in the dysmyelinating shiverer (Shi) mouse and cuprizone (Cz) mouse model of reversible demyelination. MALDI-IMS revealed a decrease in the spatial distribution of sulfatide (SHexCer) species, SHexCer (d42:2), and a phosphatidylcholine (PC) species, PC (36:1), in white matter regions like corpus callosum (CC) both in the Shi mouse and Cz mouse model. Changes in these lipid species were restored albeit not entirely upon spontaneous remyelination after demyelination in the Cz mouse model. Lipid distribution changes correlated with the local morphological changes as confirmed by IHC. LC-ESI-MS analyses of CC extracts confirmed the MALDI-IMS derived reductions in SHexCer and PC species. These findings highlight the role of SHexCer and PC in preserving the normal myelin architecture and our experimental approaches provide a morphological basis to define lipid abnormalities relevant to myelin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert W Dunstan
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,AbbVie, Worcester, Massachusetts
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14
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Intra- and intercellular trafficking in sphingolipid metabolism in myelination. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:97-103. [PMID: 30497846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The myelin sheath, produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, provides essential electrical insulation to neurons, but also is critical for viability of neurons. Both the protein and lipid composition of this fascinating membrane is unique. Here the focus is on the sphingolipids that are highly abundant in myelin and, in particular, how they are produced. This review discusses how sphingolipid metabolism is regulated. In particular the subcellular localization of lipid metabolic enzymes is discussed and how inter-organelle transport can affect the metabolic routes that sphingolipid precursors take. Understanding the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in formation of the myelin membrane will have a significant impact on strategies to treat demyelinating diseases.
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15
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Tanphaichitr N, Kongmanas K, Faull KF, Whitelegge J, Compostella F, Goto-Inoue N, Linton JJ, Doyle B, Oko R, Xu H, Panza L, Saewu A. Properties, metabolism and roles of sulfogalactosylglycerolipid in male reproduction. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 72:18-41. [PMID: 30149090 PMCID: PMC6239905 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG, aka seminolipid) is selectively synthesized in high amounts in mammalian testicular germ cells (TGCs). SGG is an ordered lipid and directly involved in cell adhesion. SGG is indispensable for spermatogenesis, a process that greatly depends on interaction between Sertoli cells and TGCs. Spermatogenesis is disrupted in mice null for Cgt and Cst, encoding two enzymes essential for SGG biosynthesis. Sperm surface SGG also plays roles in fertilization. All of these results indicate the significance of SGG in male reproduction. SGG homeostasis is also important in male fertility. Approximately 50% of TGCs become apoptotic and phagocytosed by Sertoli cells. SGG in apoptotic remnants needs to be degraded by Sertoli lysosomal enzymes to the lipid backbone. Failure in this event leads to a lysosomal storage disorder and sub-functionality of Sertoli cells, including their support for TGC development, and consequently subfertility. Significantly, both biosynthesis and degradation pathways of the galactosylsulfate head group of SGG are the same as those of sulfogalactosylceramide (SGC), a structurally related sulfoglycolipid important for brain functions. If subfertility in males with gene mutations in SGG/SGC metabolism pathways manifests prior to neurological disorder, sperm SGG levels might be used as a reporting/predicting index of the neurological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kessiri Kongmanas
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Federica Compostella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - James-Jules Linton
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendon Doyle
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Oko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arpornrad Saewu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Faraz M, Herdenberg C, Holmlund C, Henriksson R, Hedman H. A protein interaction network centered on leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) regulates growth factor receptors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3421-3435. [PMID: 29317492 PMCID: PMC5836135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a tumor suppressor and a negative regulator of several receptor tyrosine kinases. The molecular mechanisms by which LRIG1 mediates its tumor suppressor effects and regulates receptor tyrosine kinases remain incompletely understood. Here, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify novel LRIG1-interacting proteins and mined data from the BioPlex (biophysical interactions of ORFeome-based complexes) protein interaction data repository. The putative LRIG1 interactors identified in the screen were functionally evaluated using a triple co-transfection system in which HEK293 cells were co-transfected with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, LRIG1, and shRNAs against the identified LRIG1 interactors. The effects of the shRNAs on the ability of LRIG1 to down-regulate platelet-derived growth factor receptor α expression were evaluated. On the basis of these results, we present an LRIG1 protein interaction network with many newly identified components. The network contains the apparently functionally important LRIG1-interacting proteins RAB4A, PON2, GAL3ST1, ZBTB16, LRIG2, CNPY3, HLA-DRA, GML, CNPY4, LRRC40, and LRIG3, together with GLRX3, PTPRK, and other proteins. In silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets revealed consistent correlations between the expression of the transcripts encoding LRIG1 and its interactors ZBTB16 and PTPRK and inverse correlations between the transcripts encoding LRIG1 and GLRX3. We further studied the LRIG1 function–promoting paraoxonase PON2 and found that it co-localized with LRIG1 in LRIG1-transfected cells. The proposed LRIG1 protein interaction network will provide leads for future studies aiming to understand the molecular functions of LRIG1 and the regulation of growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Faraz
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Herdenberg
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Camilla Holmlund
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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17
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Groux-Degroote S, Rodríguez-Walker M, Dewald JH, Daniotti JL, Delannoy P. Gangliosides in Cancer Cell Signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:197-227. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Honke K. Biological functions of sulfoglycolipids and the EMARS method for identification of co-clustered molecules in the membrane microdomains. J Biochem 2017; 163:253-263. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8505, Japan
- Center for Innovative and Translational Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8505, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Sulfatide is a 3-O-sulfated galactosylceramide that is abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, trachea, and particularly the central nervous system. Cellular sulfatide is mainly localized in the Golgi apparatus, cellular membrane, and lysosomes in cytosol. Since our earlier report showed that the influenza A virus specifically binds to sulfatide, we have investigated the roles of sulfatide in the influenza A virus lifecycle. The viral binding is independent of sialic acids, which function as virus receptors in virus attachment to the host cell surface. Sulfatide is recognized by the ectodomain of the viral envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). Nascent HA is transported on the surface membrane of infected cells. The binding of HA with sulfatide on the cell surface induces apoptosis through potential loss of the mitochondrial membrane and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in mitochondria, where PB1-F2 peptide from the viral gene is accumulated. In the nucleus of infected cells, viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes are formed from viral RNA genomes, viral nucleoprotein, and viral RNA polymerase subunits, and these complexes are selectively exported into cytosol through the nuclear membrane. The apoptosis significantly enhances the nuclear export of vRNP complexes, resulting in efficient formation of progeny viruses and facilitation of virus replication. At that time, activation of the Raf/mitogen-activated protein extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway through sulfatide is associated with virus replication. Our studies have demonstrated that sulfatide is not a viral receptor for virus infection, and that the binding of HA with sulfatide functions as an initiation switch for the formation of progeny viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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20
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Ando R, Tokuda N, Yamamoto T, Ikeda K, Hashimoto N, Taguchi R, Fan X, Furukawa K, Niimura Y, Suzuki A, Goto M, Furukawa K. Immunization of A4galt-deficient mice with glycosphingolipids from renal cell cancers resulted in the generation of anti-sulfoglycolipid monoclonal antibodies. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:169-80. [PMID: 26883028 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we immunized Gb3/CD77 synthase gene (A4galt) knockout (KO) mice with glycosphingolipids (GSLs) extracted from 3 renal cell cancer (RCC) cell lines to raise monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with globo-series GSLs specifically expressed in RCCs. Although a number of mAbs reactive with globo-series GSLs were generated, they reacted with both RCC cell lines and normal kidney cells. When we analyzed recognized antigens by mAbs that were specifically reactive with RCC, but not with normal kidney cells at least on the cell surface, many of them turned out to be reactive with sulfoglycolipids. Eight out of 11 RCC-specific mAbs were reactive with SM2 alone, and the other 3 mAbs were more broadly reactive with sulfated glycolipids, i.e. SM3 and SM4 as well as SM2. In the immunohistochemistry, these anti-sulfoglycolipids mAbs showed RCC-specific reaction, with no or minimal reaction with adjacent normal tissues. Thus, immunization of A4galt KO mice with RCC-derived GSLs resulted in the generation of anti sulfated GSL mAbs, and these mAbs may be applicable for the therapeutics for RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Ando
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
| | - Noriyo Tokuda
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
| | - Tokunori Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- IMS, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noboru Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaoen Fan
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Niimura
- Research Center of Biomedical Analysis and Radioisotope, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kuga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Momokazu Goto
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
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Li W, Zech I, Gieselmann V, Müller CE. A capillary electrophoresis method with dynamic pH junction stacking for the monitoring of cerebroside sulfotransferase. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:222-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) has two envelope glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA binds to sialic acids at the terminals of glycochains on the host cell surface as virus receptors. NA shows sialidase activity, which cleaves sialic acids from the terminals of glycochains. A new subtype (antigenicities of HA and NA) of IAV for humans has pandemic potential. We investigated the functions of HA and NA in IAV replication and pandemic potential in terms of glycoscience. We found that the sialidase activity of pandemic IAV had low pH stability, which enhanced IAV replication. It is thought that the low pH stability contributed to the pandemics in 1968 and 2009. HA also binds to sulfatide not containing sialic acid, and we found that sulfatide enhanced IAV replication. Binding of HA to sulfatide on the host cell surface enhanced progeny IAV formation in infected cells through the induction of the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins by apoptosis. Sialic acid species are divided into N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The HAs of some human IAVs bind not only to Neu5Ac but also to Neu5Gc, which may facilitate the occurrence of a human IAV-based pandemic by genetic reassortment among IAV genomes in pig tracheas expressing Neu5Gc. We identified the amino acid residues of human IAV HA responsible for Neu5Gc binding and developed new techniques for the sensitive detection of IAV receptor specificities and infected cells. Our "glycovirology" research will provide new insights into the mechanisms of IAV replication and pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Dong YW, Wang R, Cai QQ, Qi B, Wu W, Zhang YH, Wu XZ. Sulfatide epigenetically regulates miR-223 and promotes the migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Hepatol 2014; 60:792-801. [PMID: 24333181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The biological relevance and regulation mechanism of aberrant miR-223 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Our aim was to investigate miR-223 regulation in HCC. METHODS miR-223 and integrin αV dysregulation were verified in 57 HCC specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis of integrin αV and sulfatide levels was performed on another cohort of 103 HCC samples. Epigenetic analysis was used to explore the effect of sulfatide on miR-223 transcription. Orthotopic growth, and intrahepatic and pulmonary metastasis of tumors derived from SMMC-7721 cells expressing miR-223 or cerebroside sulfotransferase were monitored in mice. RESULTS miR-223 was reduced in HCC specimens and highly metastatic cell lines. Enhanced miR-223 expression had a negative effect on integrin αV-mediated cell migration. In vivo assays of metastasis in an orthotopically implanted model demonstrated that miR-223 effectively inhibited HCC metastasis. Further analysis demonstrated that integrin αV is negatively regulated by miR-223. Moreover, the integrin αV subunit was significantly positively correlated with highly expressed sulfatide in 103 HCC specimens. Intriguingly, miR-223 expression was suppressed by sulfatide in HCC in association with reduced recruitment of acetylated histone H3 and C/EBPα to the pre-miR-223 gene promoter, where monocytic leukemia zinc finger (MOZ) protein, a MYST-type histone acetyltransferase, lost its attachment. The expression of histone deacetylases, HDAC9 and HDAC10, were greatly stimulated by sulfatide and their recruitment to miR-223 gene promoter was enhanced. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of miR-223 in HCC is associated with the epigenetic regulation by highly expressed sulfatide and involved in tumor metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Down-Regulation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Integrin alphaV/genetics
- Integrin alphaV/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Sulfoglycosphingolipids/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Key Lab of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Key Lab of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Qian Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Key Lab of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Key Lab of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Key Lab of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hu Zhang
- People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Zhong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Key Lab of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China.
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Liu YY, Hill RA, Li YT. Ceramide glycosylation catalyzed by glucosylceramide synthase and cancer drug resistance. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 117:59-89. [PMID: 23290777 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394274-6.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), converting ceramide to glucosylceramide, catalyzes the first reaction of ceramide glycosylation in sphingolipid metabolism. This glycosylation by GCS is a critical step regulating the modulation of cellular activities by controlling ceramide and glycosphingolipids (GSLs). An increase of ceramide in response to stresses, such as chemotherapy, drives cells to proliferation arrest and apoptosis or autophagy; however, ceramide glycosylation promptly eliminates ceramide and consequently, these induced processes, thus protecting cancer cells. Further, persistently enhanced ceramide glycosylation can increase GSLs, participating in selecting cancer cells to drug resistance. GCS is overexpressed in diverse drug-resistant cancer cells and in tumors of breast, colon, and leukemia that display poor response to chemotherapy. As ceramide glycosylation by GCS is a rate-limiting step in GSL synthesis, inhibition of GCS sensitizes cancer cells to anticancer drugs and eradicates cancer stem cells. Mechanistic studies indicate that uncoupling ceramide glycosylation can modulate gene expression, decreasing MDR1 through the cSrc/β-catenin pathway and restoring p53 expression via RNA splicing. These studies not only expand our knowledge in understanding how ceramide glycosylation affects cancer cells but also provide novel therapeutic approaches for targeting refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Liu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA.
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25
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Takahashi T, Takaguchi M, Kawakami T, Suzuki T. Sulfatide regulates caspase-3-independent apoptosis of influenza A virus through viral PB1-F2 protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61092. [PMID: 23593400 PMCID: PMC3617187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) generally causes caspase-dependent apoptosis based on caspase-3 activation, resulting in nuclear export of newly synthesized viral nucleoprotein (NP) and elevated virus replication. Sulfatide, a sulfated galactosylsphingolipid, enhances IAV replication through promoting newly synthesized viral NP export induced by association of sulfatide with hemagglutinin delivered to the cell surface. Here, we demonstrated that sulfatide is involved in caspase-3-independent apoptosis initiated by the PB1-F2 protein of IAV by using genetically sulfatide-produced cells and PB1-F2-deficient IAVs. Sulfatide-deficient COS7 cells showed no virus-induced apoptosis, whereas SulCOS1 cells, sulfatide-enriched COS7 cells that genetically expressed the two transferases required for sulfatide synthesis from ceramide, showed an increase in IAV replication and were susceptible to caspase-3-independent apoptosis. Additionally, PB1-F2-deficient IAVs, which were generated by using a plasmid-based reverse genetics system from a genetic background of A/WSN/33 (H1N1), demonstrated that PB1-F2 contributed to caspase-3-independent apoptosis in IAV-infected SulCOS1 cells. Our results show that sulfatide plays a critical role in efficient IAV propagation via caspase-3-independent apoptosis initiated by the PB1-F2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shzuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shzuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawakami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shzuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shzuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Takahashi T, Ito K, Fukushima K, Takaguchi M, Hayakawa T, Suzuki Y, Suzuki T. Sulfatide negatively regulates the fusion process of human parainfluenza virus type 3. J Biochem 2012; 152:373-80. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Takahashi T, Suzuki T. Role of sulfatide in normal and pathological cells and tissues. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1437-50. [PMID: 22619219 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r026682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfatide is 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide that is synthesized by two transferases (ceramide galactosyltransferase and cerebroside sulfotransferase) from ceramide and is specifically degraded by a sulfatase (arylsulfatase A). Sulfatide is a multifunctional molecule for various biological fields including the nervous system, insulin secretion, immune system, hemostasis/thrombosis, bacterial infection, and virus infection. Therefore, abnormal metabolism or expression change of sulfatide could cause various diseases. Here, we discuss the important biological roles of sulfatide in the nervous system, insulin secretion, immune system, hemostasis/thrombosis, cancer, and microbial infections including human immunodeficiency virus and influenza A virus. Our review will be helpful to achieve a comprehensive understanding of sulfatide, which serves as a fundamental target of prevention of and therapy for nervous disorders, diabetes mellitus, immunological diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka and Global COE Program for Innovation in Human Health Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Merrill AH. Sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolic pathways in the era of sphingolipidomics. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6387-422. [PMID: 21942574 PMCID: PMC3191729 DOI: 10.1021/cr2002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biology, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA.
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29
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Pomicter AD, Shroff SM, Fuss B, Sato-Bigbee C, Brophy PJ, Rasband MN, Bhat MA, Dupree JL. Novel forms of neurofascin 155 in the central nervous system: alterations in paranodal disruption models and multiple sclerosis. Brain 2010; 133:389-405. [PMID: 20129933 PMCID: PMC2822635 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stability of the myelin-axon unit is achieved, at least in part, by specialized paranodal junctions comprised of the neuronal heterocomplex of contactin and contactin-associated protein and the myelin protein neurofascin 155. In multiple sclerosis, normal distribution of these proteins is altered, resulting in the loss of the insulating myelin and consequently causing axonal dysfunction. Previously, this laboratory reported that mice lacking the myelin-enriched lipid sulphatide are characterized by a progressive deterioration of the paranodal structure. Here, it is shown that this deterioration is preceded by significant loss of neurofascin 155 clustering at the myelin paranode. Interestingly, prolonged electrophoretic separation revealed the existence of two neurofascin 155 bands, neurofascin 155 high and neurofascin 155 low, which are readily observed following N-linked deglycosylation. Neurofascin 155 high is observed at 7 days of age and reaches peak expression at one month of age, while neurofascin 155 low is first observed at 14 days of age and constantly increases until 5 months of age. Studies using conditional neurofascin knockout mice indicated that neurofascin 155 high and neurofascin 155 low are products of the neurofascin gene and are exclusively expressed by oligodendrocytes within the central nervous system. Neurofascin 155 high is a myelin paranodal protein while the distribution of neurofascin 155 low remains to be determined. While neurofascin 155 high levels are significantly reduced in the sulphatide null mice at 15 days, 30 days and 4 months of age, neurofascin 155 low levels remain unaltered. Although maintained at normal levels, neurofascin 155 low is incapable of preserving paranodal structure, thus indicating that neurofascin 155 high is required for paranodal stability. Additionally, comparisons between neurofascin 155 high and neurofascin 155 low in human samples revealed a significant alteration, specifically in multiple sclerosis plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Pomicter
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Seema M. Shroff
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Babette Fuss
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carmen Sato-Bigbee
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Peter J. Brophy
- 3 Centre for Neuroscience Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew N. Rasband
- 4 Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manzoor A. Bhat
- 5 Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dupree
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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30
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van Zyl R, Gieselmann V, Eckhardt M. Elevated sulfatide levels in neurons cause lethal audiogenic seizures in mice. J Neurochem 2010; 112:282-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Shida K, Misonou Y, Korekane H, Seki Y, Noura S, Ohue M, Honke K, Miyamoto Y. Unusual accumulation of sulfated glycosphingolipids in colon cancer cells. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1018-33. [PMID: 19541771 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures of glycosphingolipids from highly purified colorectal cancer cells and normal colorectal epithelial cells of 16 patients have been analyzed in fine detail (Misonou Y, Shida K, Korekane H, Seki Y, Noura S, Ohue M, Miyamoto Y. 2009. Comprehensive Clinico-Glycomic Study of 16 Colorectal Cancer Specimens: Elucidation of aberrant glycosylation and ts mechanistic causes in colorectal cancer cells. J Proteome Res. 8:2990-3005). Further structural analyses demonstrated that colon cancer cells from two patients accumulated unusual glycosphingolipids which were not observed in either colorectal cancer cells or normal colorectal epithelial cells from the other patients. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the unusual structures include sulfated oligosaccharides. The structures of the glycosphingolipids of the cancer cells from these two cases were analyzed by methods which include enzymatic release of carbohydrate moieties, fluorescent labeling with aminopyridine and identification using two-dimensional mapping, enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry together with methanolysis, and the use of newly synthesized sulfo-fucosylated oligosaccharides as standards. The colon cancer cells from one of the patients demonstrate a variety of oligosaccharides as major components which are sulfated at the C6 position of subterminal GlcNAc and at C3 positions of terminal galactose with or without sialylation or fucosylation. These include 6-sulfo Le(x), 6'-sialyl 6-sulfo lactosamine, and 3'-sialyl 6-sulfo Le(x), in addition to sialylated or fucosylated derivatives of type-1 and type-2 hybrid oligosaccharides. The colon cancer cells from the other patient have two kinds of sulfated oligosaccharides, a 6-sulfo Le(x) structure and a 3'-sulfo Le(x) structure, as minor components. Taking into consideration the clinical features of the two patients, the biological significance of sulfated glycosphingolipids on cancer cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Shida
- Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
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Ageta H, Asai S, Sugiura Y, Goto-Inoue N, Zaima N, Setou M. Layer-specific sulfatide localization in rat hippocampus middle molecular layer is revealed by nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry. Med Mol Morphol 2009; 42:16-23. [PMID: 19294488 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-008-0427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are major structural component of the brain and play key roles in signaling functions in the central nervous system (CNS), such as the hippocampus. In particular, sulfatide is an abundant glycosphingolipid component of both the central and the peripheral nervous system and is an essential lipid component of myelin membranes. Lack of sulfatide is observed in myelin deformation and neurological deficits. Previous studies with antisulfatide antibody have investigated distribution of sulfatide expression in neurons; however, this method cannot distinguish the differences of sulfatide lipid species raised by difference of carbon-chain length in the ceramide portion in addition to the differences of sulfatide and seminolipid. In this study, we solved the problem by our recently developed nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization (nano-PALDI)-based imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). We revealed that the level of sulfatide in the middle molecular layer was significantly higher than that in granule cell layers and the inner molecular layer in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ageta
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Tokyo, Japan
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Fischer I, Cunliffe C, Bollo RJ, Weiner HL, Devinsky O, Ruiz-Tachiquin ME, Venuto T, Pearlman A, Chiriboga L, Schneider RJ, Ostrer H, Miller DC. Glioma-like proliferation within tissues excised as tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Acta Neuropathol 2008; 116:67-77. [PMID: 18581125 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-008-0391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe diffuse glioma-like infiltrates in excised tubers in five out of forty Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients undergoing excision of a tuber at our institution within the last 10 years. All patients presented with refractory seizures. Resection specimens from four patients had the pathognomonic histologic features of neuroglial hamartomas (tubers) and in one case there was cortical microdysgenesis lacking cells typical of TSC. All lesions were associated with an infiltrate of atypical, mostly elongate, glioma-like small cells, which were immunoreactive for GFAP in three, and pS6 (a marker for activity of the mTOR pathway), in two cases. MAP-2 and CD34, were negative and MIB-1 (Ki67) immunostains ranged from <1-21%. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization revealed that these proliferative phenomena were associated with 21 different copy number aberrations in comparison with a tuber without atypical infiltrates. Postoperatively (follow-up period ranging from 8 to 34 months) none of the patients have any evidence of a glioma. We report that tubers resected for treatment of seizures are sometimes associated with glioma-like lesions, which are indistinguishable from infiltrating gliomas by morphology and immunohistochemistry. Genomic analysis with SNP arrays revealed copy number changes which may be associated with the pathogenesis of such infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Fischer
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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The Role and Metabolism of Sulfatide in the Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 37:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-008-8022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Sulfatide is abundantly expressed in various mammalian organs, including the intestines and trachea, in which influenza A viruses (IAVs) replicate. However, the function of sulfatide in IAV infection remains unknown. Sulfatide is synthesized by two transferases, ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST), and is degraded by arylsulfatase A (ASA). In this study, we demonstrated that sulfatide enhanced IAV replication through efficient translocation of the newly synthesized IAV nucleoprotein (NP) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, by using genetically produced cells in which sulfatide expression was down-regulated by RNA interference against CST mRNA or overexpression of the ASA gene and in which sulfatide expression was up-regulated by overexpression of both the CST and CGT genes. Treatment of IAV-infected cells with an antisulfatide monoclonal antibody (MAb) or an anti-hemagglutinin (HA) MAb, which blocks the binding of IAV and sulfatide, resulted in a significant reduction in IAV replication and accumulation of the viral NP in the nucleus. Furthermore, antisulfatide MAb protected mice against lethal challenge with pathogenic influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. These results indicate that association of sulfatide with HA delivered to the cell surface induces translocation of the newly synthesized IAV ribonucleoprotein complexes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our findings provide new insights into IAV replication and suggest new therapeutic strategies.
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The Yin and Yang of lactosylceramide metabolism: Implications in cell function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:370-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Franchini L, Panza L, Kongmanas K, Tanphaichitr N, Faull KF, Ronchetti F. An efficient and convenient synthesis of deuterium-labelled seminolipid isotopomers and their ESI-MS characterization. Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 152:78-85. [PMID: 18319057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seminolipids 1a and 1b and galactosylalkylacylglycerols 2a and 2b, labelled with deuterium on the alkyl or acyl chain, respectively, were obtained isotopically and chemically pure through a straightforward synthesis from protected glycidyl galactoside 3 in an overall 22% yield. The identity and purity of compounds was ascertained by NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry analysis. These labelled compounds are important as internal standards for quantification of these lipids by mass spectrometry, and they could also be used in metabolic studies in in vitro and even in vivo systems. Extension of the procedure could provide a route for the preparation of isotopomers of other compounds of the same general class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Franchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biochimica e Biotecnologie per la Medicina, Università di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133-Milano, Italy.
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Niimura Y, Nagai KI. Metabolic responses of sulfatide and related glycolipids in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells under osmotic stresses. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 149:161-7. [PMID: 17905621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of (35)S-sulfate into the polar molecular species of sulfoglycolipids (SM4s) in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells increased in a hypertonic medium (500 mOsm/L) supplemented with sodium chloride. The unknown sulfoglycolipid (SX) was identified as GlcCer sulfate based on the results of TLC, GLC, and mass spectra. The synthesis of SX increased in the hypotonic medium unlike that of SM4s and SM3. TLC showed that hypertonic stress induced the accumulation of GalCer as a precursor of SM4s, whereas hypotonic stress increased GlcCer as a precursor of GlcCer sulfate. The level of ceramide as a precursor of both GalCer and GlcCer increased under hypertonic stress and decreased under hypotonic stress. Cerebroside sulfotransferase mRNA was shown to be elevated in the hyperosmotic condition but not in the hypotonic condition. The increase in SM4s under hypertonic stress was induced by the activation of both the ceramide galactosyltransferase and the cerebroside sulfotransferase genes, whereas the increase in GlcCer sulfate under hypotonic stress was caused by the accumulation of GlcCer as the result of activation of ceramide glucosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Niimura
- Research Center of Biomedical Analysis and Radioisotope, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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Yaghootfam A, Sorkalla T, Häberlein H, Gieselmann V, Kappler J, Eckhardt M. Cerebroside Sulfotransferase Forms Homodimers in Living Cells. Biochemistry 2007; 46:9260-9. [PMID: 17658888 DOI: 10.1021/bi700014q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST) catalyzes the 3'-sulfation of galactose residues in several glycolipids. Its major product in the mammalian brain is sulfatide, which is an essential myelin component. Using epitope-tagged variants, murine CST was found to localize to the Golgi apparatus, but in contrast to previous assumptions, not to the trans-Golgi network. An examination of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged CST suggests that CST forms homodimers and that dimerization is mediated by the lumenal domain of the enzyme, as shown by immunoprecipitation and density gradient centrifugation. In order to verify that dimerization of CST observed by biochemical methods reflects the behavior of the native protein within living cells, the mobility of CST-EGFP was examined using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. These experiments confirmed the homodimerization of CST-EGFP fusion proteins in vivo. In contrast to full-length CST, a fusion protein of the amino-terminal 36 amino acids of CST fused to EGFP was exclusively found as a monomer but nevertheless showed Golgi localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Yaghootfam
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
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41
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Nishimura M, Naito S. Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of human carbohydrate sulfotransferase and tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:821-5. [PMID: 17409530 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pairs of forward and reverse primers and TaqMan probes specific to each of 15 human sulfotransferases were prepared. The mRNA expression level of each target enzyme was analyzed in total RNA from single and pooled specimens of various human tissues (adrenal gland, bone marrow, brain, colon, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, peripheral leukocytes, placenta, prostate, salivary gland, skeletal muscle, small intestine, spinal cord, spleen, stomach, testis, thymus, thyroid gland, trachea, and uterus) by real-time reverse transcription PCR using an ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System. The mRNA expression profiles of the sulfotransferases in these 23 different human tissues were used to identify the tissues exhibiting high transcriptional activity for these enzymes. These results provide valuable information for studies concerning the human carbohydrate sulfotransferase and tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase genes in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuhiro Nishimura
- Division of Pharmacology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Japan.
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Yamada S, Matsumuro Y, Inoue T, Kitamura T, Itonori S, Sugita M, Ito M. A Novel Sulfatide, GlcCer-I6 Sulfate, from the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis. J Oleo Sci 2007; 56:129-36. [PMID: 17898474 DOI: 10.5650/jos.56.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel sulfated glycosphingolipid, SGL-1, was isolated from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, prepared from chloroform/methanol extracts and fractionated successively on DEAE Sephadex-A25, Florisil and Iatrobeads column chromatographies. Chemical structural analysis was performed using methylation analysis, gas-liquid chromatography, combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. This chemical structure is presented as GlcCer I(6)-Sulfate. The ceramide moiety was specified by t16:0, t17:0, br,t17:0, t18:0 and br,t18:0 as sphingoids, and 2-hydroxy, saturated fatty acids as represented by docosanoic and tetracosanoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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Garcia J, Callewaert N, Borsig L. P-selectin mediates metastatic progression through binding to sulfatides on tumor cells. Glycobiology 2006; 17:185-96. [PMID: 17043066 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwl059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematogenous carcinoma metastasis is associated with tumor cell emboli formation, which is now known to be facilitated by selectins. P-selectin-mediated interactions of platelets with cancer cells are based mostly on mucin- and glycosaminoglycan-type selectin ligands. We previously showed that mouse colon carcinoma cells (MC-38) carry P-selectin ligands of nonmucin origin, which were not identified. Here we show that P-selectin ligands recognized on MC-38 cells are sulfated glycolipids, thereby facilitating experimental metastasis in a syngeneic mouse model. Metabolic inhibition of sulfation by incubation of cells with sodium chlorate almost completely abrogated P-selectin binding. Metabolic labeling of MC-38 cells with (35)S sulfate revealed only a single band as detected by high-performance thin layer chromatography analysis of a total lipid extract. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight/time-of-flight analysis (MALDI-TOF-TOF) analysis of the purified sulfate-containing lipid fraction identified the selectin ligand to be a sulfated galactosylceramide SM4 (HSO(3)-3Galbeta-1Cer). Modulation of glycolipid biosynthesis in MC-38 cells altered P-selectin binding, thereby confirming sulfoglycolipids to be major P-selectin ligands. In addition, P-selectin was also found to recognize lactosylceramide sulfate SM3 (HSO(3)-3Galbeta-4Glcbeta-1Cer) and gangliotriaosylceramide sulfate SM2 [GalNAcbeta-4(HSO(3)-3)Galbeta-4Glcbeta-1Cer] in human hepatoma cells. Finally, the enzymatic removal of sulfation from the cell surface of MC-38 cells resulted in decreased P-selectin binding and led to attenuation of metastasis. Thus, SM4 sulfatide serves as a native ligand for P-selectin contributing to cell-cell interactions and to facilitation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Garcia
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Niimura Y, Ishizuka I. Isolation and identification of nine sulfated glycosphingolipids containing two unique sulfated gangliosides from the African green monkey kidney cells, Verots S3, and their possible metabolic pathways. Glycobiology 2006; 16:729-35. [PMID: 16614164 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwj114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Verots S3 cells derived from the African green monkey kidney were revealed to contain nine types of sulfoglycolipids by incorporating [35S]sulfate. These sulfated glycolipids were separated by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The major sulfoglycolipids were characterized using TLC, gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), mass spectrometry, solvolysis, TLC immunostaining, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as follows: V1, SM4s (GalCer I3-sulfate); V2, SM3 (LacCer II3-sulfate); V3, SM2a (Gg3Cer II3-sulfate); V4, globopentaosyl ceramide sulfate (Gb5Cer V3-sulfate); V5, (Gg4Cer II3-sulfate, IV3-NeuAc); V6, SB1a (Gg4Cer II3, IV3-bis-sulfate); and V8, (Gg4Cer II3-NeuAc, IV3-sulfate). Both V5 and V8 were sulfated gangliosides comprising both N-acetyl neuraminic acid and sulfate, and this was the first report on V8. A minor component V7 was identified as SM1a (Gg4Cer II3-sulfate) based on its behavior in TLC, GLC, and liquid secondary ion mass spectroscopy. It was postulated that this substance was a precursor of V6 (SB1a) and V5 (Gg4Cer II3-sulfate, IV3-NeuAc), and to date, its presence has not been demonstrated in nature. Another minor component V9 was identified as glucosyl ceramide sulfate based on its migration in TLC and GLC. This renal cell line was shown to be an excellent model for studying the metabolism and function of sulfoglycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Niimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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Seko A, Sumiya JI, Yamashita K. Porcine, mouse and human galactose 3-O-sulphotransferase-2 enzymes have different substrate specificities; the porcine enzyme requires basic compounds for its catalytic activity. Biochem J 2005; 391:77-85. [PMID: 15926885 PMCID: PMC1237141 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulphation of galactose at the C-3 position is one of the major post-translational modifications of colorectal mucin. Thus we partially purified a Gal 3-O-sulphotransferase from porcine colonic mucosa (pGal3ST) and studied its enzymatic characteristics. The enzyme was purified 48500-fold by sequential chromatographies on hydroxyapatite, Con A (concanavalin A)-Sepharose, porcine colonic mucin-Sepharose, Cu2+-chelating Sepharose and AMP-agarose. Interestingly, the purified pGal3ST required submillimolar concentrations of spermine or basic lipids, such as D-sphingosine and N,N-dimethylsphingosine, for enzymatic activity. pGal3ST recognized Galbeta1-->3GalNAc (core 1) as an optimal substrate, and had weaker activity for Galbeta1-->3GlcNAc (type 1) and Galbeta1-->4GlcNAc (type 2). Substrate competition experiments proved that a single enzyme catalyses sulphation of all three oligosaccharides. Among the four human Gal3STs cloned to date, the substrate specificity of pGal3ST is most similar to that of human Gal3ST-2, which is also strongly expressed in colonic mucosa, although the kinetics of pGal3ST and human Gal3ST-2 were rather different. To determine whether pGal3ST is the orthologue of human Gal3ST-2, a cDNA encoding porcine Gal3ST-2 was isolated and the enzyme was expressed in COS-7 cells for analysis of substrate specificity. This revealed that porcine Gal3ST-2 has the same specificity as pGal3ST, indicating that pGal3ST is indeed the porcine equivalent of Gal3ST-2. The substrate specificity of mouse Gal3ST-2 was also different from those of human and porcine Gal3ST-2 enzymes. Mouse Gal3ST-2 preferred core 1 and type 2 glycans to type 1, and the K(m) values were much higher than those of human Gal3ST-2. These results suggest that porcine Gal3ST-2 requires basic compounds for catalytic activity and that human, mouse and porcine Gal3ST-2 orthologues have diverse substrate specificities.
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Key Words
- colonic mucosa
- mucin
- spermine
- sphingosine
- sulphotransferase
- bigp, galβ1→4glcnacβ1→2manα1→3(galβ1→4glcnacβ1→2manα1→6)manβ1→4glcnacβ1→4glcnac
- bn, benzyl
- con a, concanavalin a
- core 1, galβ1→3galnacα1→
- core 2, galβ1→3(glcnacβ1→6)galnacα1→
- dtt, dithiothreitol
- galcer, galactosylceramide
- galdg, galactosyldiacylglycerol
- gal3st, gal 3-o-sulphotransferase
- laccer, lactosylceramide
- lnt, galβ1→3glcnacβ1→3galβ1→4glc
- monogp, galβ1→4glcnacβ1→2manα1→3/6manβ1→4glcnac
- paps, adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulphate
- pgal3st, porcine gal3st
- pna, peanut agglutinin
- pnp, p-nitrophenyl
- race, rapid amplification of cdna ends
- sult, sulphotransferase
- type 1, galβ1→3glcnac (lacto-n-biose i)
- type 2, galβ1→4glcnac (n-acetyllactosamine)
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Seko
- *Department of Biochemistry, Sasaki Institute, 2-2, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
- †CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Sumiya
- *Department of Biochemistry, Sasaki Institute, 2-2, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
| | - Katsuko Yamashita
- *Department of Biochemistry, Sasaki Institute, 2-2, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
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Honke K, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Kotani N, Taniguchi N. Biological roles of sulfoglycolipids and pathophysiology of their deficiency. Glycoconj J 2005; 21:59-62. [PMID: 15467400 DOI: 10.1023/b:glyc.0000043749.06556.3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sulfoglycolipids are comprised of two major members, sulfatide (SO(3)-3Gal-ceramide) and seminolipid (SO(3)-3Gal-alkylacylglycerol). Sulfatide is abundant in the myelin sheath and seminolipid is expressed on the spermatogenic cells. Cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST)-deficient mice generated by gene targeting completely lack sulfatide and seminolipid all over the body. CST-null mice manifest some neurological disorders due to myelin dysfunction, an aberrant enhancement of oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation, and an arrest of spermatogenesis, indicating that sulfation of glycolipids is essential for myelin formation and spermatogenesis. Moreover, CST-deficiency ameliorates L-selectin-dependent monocyte infiltration in the kidney after ureteral obstruction, an experimental model of renal interstitial inflammation, indicating that sulfatide is an endogenous ligand of L-selectin. Studies on the molecular mechanisms by which sulfoglycolipids participate in these biological processes are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Honke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Hayashi Y, Cheng X, Watanabe T, Wang X, Taniguchi N, Honke K. Testis-specific sulfoglycolipid, seminolipid, is essential for germ cell function in spermatogenesis. Glycobiology 2005; 15:649-54. [PMID: 15659616 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 90% of the glycolipid in mammalian testis consists of a unique sulfated glyceroglycolipid, seminolipid. The sulfation of the molecule is catalyzed by a Golgi membrane-associated sulfotransferase, cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST). Disruption of the Cst gene in mice results in male infertility due to the arrest of spermatogenesis prior to the metaphase of the first meiosis. However, the issue of which side of the cell function-germ cells or Sertoli cells-is deteriorated in this mutant mouse remains unknown. Our findings show that the defect is in the germ cell side, as evidenced by a transplantation analysis, in which wild-type spermatogonia expressing the green fluorescent protein were injected into the seminiferous tubules of CST-null testis. The transplanted GFP-positive cells generated colonies and spermatogenesis proceeded over meiosis in the mutant testis. The findings also clearly show that the seminolipid is expressed on the plasma membranes of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa, as evidenced by the immunostaining of wild-type testes using an anti-sulfogalactolipid antibody, Sulph-1 in comparison with CST-null testes as a negative control, and that seminolipid appears as early as day 8 of age, when Type B spermatogonia emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of proteins such as phosphorylation have been recognized as pivotal modulators of biological activity in healthy and diseased tissues. Sulfation is a key posttranslational modification the role of which in physiology and pathology is only now becoming appreciated. Whereas phosphorylation is central to intracellular signal transduction, sulfation modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix communication. Sulfation involves a class of enzymes known as sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfate from the ATP-like sulfate donor 3'phosphoadenosine-5'phosphosulate to glycoproteins, glycolipids or metabolites. This review focuses on Golgi-localized sulfotransferases, their molecular biology and biochemistry, and strategies towards discovery of sulfotransferase inhibitors that could have potential as therapeutics in inflammation, cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hemmerich
- Thios Pharmaceuticals, 5980 Horton Street #400, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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Kyogashima M. The role of sulfatide in thrombogenesis and haemostasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 426:157-62. [PMID: 15158666 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Revised: 02/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In 1961, Wago et al. reported a potential anticoagulant role for sulfatide using animal experiments. Since then there have been many studies of sulfatide in the field of thrombogenesis/haemostasis, yielding contradictory conclusions. Some report that sulfatide has anti-thrombotic activity because it prolongs clotting time, inhibits platelet adhesion, and prolongs bleeding. Others report that sulfatide induces thrombosis in animal models. This mini-review is a chronologic review of reports examining the role of sulfatide in thrombogenesis/haemostasis together with the introduction of data from our laboratory and a discussion of the possible mechanisms underlying these curious phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Kyogashima
- Seikagaku Corporation, Central Research Laboratories, 1253 Tateno 3 chome, Higashiyamato-shi, Tokyo 207-0021, Japan.
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Hirahara Y, Bansal R, Honke K, Ikenaka K, Wada Y. Sulfatide is a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation: Development in sulfatide-null mice. Glia 2004; 45:269-77. [PMID: 14730700 DOI: 10.1002/glia.10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Galactosylceramide (GalC) and its sulfated analogue, sulfatide, are major galactosphingolipid components of myelin and oligodendrocyte plasma membranes in the nervous system. We previously hypothesized that these galactolipids play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation by acting as sensors/transmitters of environmental information. Evidence strongly supports this idea. First, these molecules are initially expressed on the cell surface at the interface at which oligodendrocyte progenitors first enter terminal differentiation. Second, exposure of oligodendrocyte progenitors to anti-GalC/-sulfatide (RmAb) or antisulfatide (O4), but not anti-GalC (O1), antibodies leads to the reversible arrest of oligodendrocyte lineage progression at this interface. Third, in cerebroside galactosyl transferase-null mice (Cgt(-/-)) that are unable to synthesize either GalC or sulfatide, terminal differentiation and morphological maturation of oligodendrocytes are enhanced. In the present study, we examined oligodendrocytes differentiation in cerebroside sulfotransferase-null mice (Cst(-/-)) that lack sulfatide but express GalC. We show that cerebroside sulfotransferase mRNA expression begins already in the embryonic spinal cord and progressively increases with age, that the late progenitor marker POA is not synthesized in the absence of this enzyme, and that, most notably, there is a two- to threefold enhancement in the number of terminally differentiated oligodendrocytes both in culture and in vivo, similar to that in mice lacking both GalC and sulfatide. We conclude that primarily sulfatide, rather than GalC, is a key molecule for the negative regulation of oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Hirahara
- Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
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