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Choi Y, Pollack S. Significant Association of Estrogen Receptor-β Isoforms and Coactivators in Breast Cancer Subtypes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2533-2548. [PMID: 36975536 PMCID: PMC10047005 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coregulators are the principal regulators of Estrogen Receptor (ER)-mediated transcription. ERβ, an ER subtype first identified in 1996, is associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer (BCa) subtypes, and the coexpression of the ERβ1 isoform and AIB-1 and TIF-2 coactivators in BCa-associated myofibroblasts is associated with high-grade BCa. We aimed to identify the specific coactivators that are involved in the progression of ERβ-expressing BCa. ERβ isoforms, coactivators, and prognostic markers were tested using standard immunohistochemistry. AIB-1, TIF-2, NF-kB, p-c-Jun, and/or cyclin D1 were differentially correlated with ERβ isoform expression in the BCa subtypes and subgroups. The coexpression of the ERβ5 and/or ERβ1 isoforms and the coactivators were found to be correlated with a high expression of P53, Ki-67, and Her2/neu and large-sized and/or high-grade tumors in BCa. Our study supports the notion that ERβ isoforms and coactivators seemingly coregulate the proliferation and progression of BCa and may provide insight into the potential therapeutic uses of the coactivators in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 434 Pine Grove Lane, Hartsdale, NY 10530, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Simcha Pollack
- Department of Statistics, St. John’s University, New York, NY 11423, USA
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2
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Li Y, Liang J, Dang H, Zhang R, Chen P, Shao Y. NCOA3 is a critical oncogene in thyroid cancer via the modulation of major signaling pathways. Endocrine 2022; 75:149-158. [PMID: 34251576 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Nuclear Receptor Coactivator (NCOA3, also known as SRC-3, AIB1, p/CIP, RAC3, ACTR, and TRAM1), acts as an oncogene in multiple tumors, but its biological function in thyroid cancer remains unclear. This study was designed to explore the role of NCOA3 in thyroid cancer. METHODS The study assessed NCOA3 expression in thyroid cancer and their matched non-cancerous thyroid tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Then we evaluated the effect of NCOA3 on malignant activities of thyroid cancer cells. To better understand the oncogenic role of NCOA3 in thyroid tumorigenesis, we tested the effect of NCOA3 on major proteins related to thyroid cancer. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that protein expression of NCOA3 was significantly upregulated in thyroid cancer tissues. NCOA3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in thyroid cancer. Conversely, ectopic expression of NCOA3 promoted cell proliferation and invasiveness in thyroid cancer. Mechanistically, NCOA3 could improve the survival and invasiveness of thyroid cancer cells through the modulation of the ErbB, AKT, ERK, and β-catenin pathways. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that NCOA3 is critical in the initiation and development of thyroid cancer, and might be a possible marker for prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, PR China
| | - Junrong Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Hui Dang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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3
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Okamura M, Shizu R, Abe T, Kodama S, Hosaka T, Sasaki T, Yoshinari K. PXR Functionally Interacts with NF-κB and AP-1 to Downregulate the Inflammation-Induced Expression of Chemokine CXCL2 in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102296. [PMID: 33076328 PMCID: PMC7602528 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a liver-enriched xenobiotic-responsive transcription factor. Although recent studies suggest that PXR shows anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate this mechanism. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with the PXR agonist pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) and/or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Liver injury was evaluated, and hepatic mRNA levels were determined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Reporter assays with wild-type and mutated mouse Cxcl2 promoter-containing reporter plasmids were conducted in 293T cells. Results showed that the hepatic expression of inflammation-related genes was upregulated in CCl4-treated mice, and PCN treatment repressed the induced expression of chemokine-encoding Ccl2 and Cxcl2 among the genes investigated. Consistently, PCN treatment suppressed the increased plasma transaminase activity and neutrophil infiltration in the liver. In reporter assays, tumor necrosis factor-α-induced Cxcl2 expression was suppressed by PXR. Although an NF-κB inhibitor or the mutation of an NF-κB-binding motif partly reduced PXR-dependent suppression, the mutation of both NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) sites abolished it. Consistently, AP-1-dependent gene transcription was suppressed by PXR with a construct containing AP-1 binding motifs. In conclusion, the present results suggest that PXR exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing both NF-κB- and AP-1-dependent chemokine expression in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Okamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryota Shizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Taiki Abe
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Susumu Kodama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuomi Hosaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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4
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Possible involvement of the competition for the transcriptional coactivator glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 in the inflammatory signal-dependent suppression of PXR-mediated CYP3A induction in vitro. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:272-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Lu Q, Yang Y, Jia S, Zhao S, Gu B, Lu P, He Y, Liu RX, Wang J, Ning G, Ma QY. SRC1 Deficiency in Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Increases Appetite and Body Weight. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 62:JME-18-0075.R2. [PMID: 30400041 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Appetite is tightly controlled by neural and hormonal signals in animals. In general, steroid receptor co-activator 1 (SRC1) enhances steroid hormone signalling in energy balance and serves as a common co-activator of several steroid receptors, such as estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. However, the key roles of SRC1 in energy balance remain largely unknown. We first confirmed that SRC1 is abundantly expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), which is a critical centre for regulating feeding and energy balance; it is further co-localised with agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Interestingly, local SRC1 expression changes with the transition between sufficiency and deficiency of food supply. To identify its direct role in appetite regulation, we repressed SRC1 expression in the hypothalamic ARC using lentivirus shRNA and found that SRC1 deficiency significantly promoted food intake and body weight gain, particularly in mice fed with a high-fat diet. We also found the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway due to SRC1 deficiency. Thus, our results suggest that SRC1 in the ARC regulates appetite and body weight and that AMPK signalling is involved in this process. We believe that our study results have important implications for recognising the overlapping and integrating effects of several steroid hormones/receptors on accurate appetite regulation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- Q Lu, The Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Y Yang, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Jia
- S Jia, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhao
- S Zhao, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Gu
- B Gu, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- P Lu, The Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang He
- Y He, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xin Liu
- R Liu, Endocrinology, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- J Wang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- G Ning, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Yun Ma
- Q Ma, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai , Shanghai, China
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6
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Browne AL, Charmsaz S, Varešlija D, Fagan A, Cosgrove N, Cocchiglia S, Purcell S, Ward E, Bane F, Hudson L, Hill AD, Carroll JS, Redmond AM, Young LS. Network analysis of SRC-1 reveals a novel transcription factor hub which regulates endocrine resistant breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:2008-2021. [PMID: 29367763 PMCID: PMC5895607 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) interacts with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors (TFs) to initiate transcriptional networks and regulate downstream genes which enable the cancer cell to evade therapy and metastasise. Here we took a top-down discovery approach to map out the SRC-1 transcriptional network in endocrine resistant breast cancer. First, rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins (RIME) was employed to uncover new SRC-1 TF partners. Next, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was undertaken to investigate SRC-1 TF target genes. Molecular and patient-derived xenograft studies confirmed STAT1 as a new SRC-1 TF partner, important in the regulation of a cadre of four SRC-1 transcription targets, NFIA, SMAD2, E2F7 and ASCL1. Extended network analysis identified a downstream 79 gene network, the clinical relevance of which was investigated in RNAseq studies from matched primary and local-recurrence tumours from endocrine resistant patients. We propose that SRC-1 can partner with STAT1 independently of the estrogen receptor to initiate a transcriptional cascade and control regulation of key endocrine resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alacoque L Browne
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara Charmsaz
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damir Varešlija
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ailis Fagan
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Cosgrove
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Cocchiglia
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Purcell
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elspeth Ward
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Bane
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lance Hudson
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arnold D Hill
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aisling M Redmond
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonie S Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Xiao J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Huang W, Guo Z, Su B, Guo Q. Sex differences of steroid receptor coactivator-1 expression after spinal cord injury in mice. Neurol Res 2017; 39:1022-1027. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1367077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xiao
- Student Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangang Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Student Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhikai Guo
- Student Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingyin Su
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Mas A, Prusinski L, Yang Q, Diaz-Gimeno P, Stone L, Diamond MP, Simón C, Al-Hendy A. Role of Stro1+/CD44+ stem cells in myometrial physiology and uterine remodeling during pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:70-80. [PMID: 28395335 PMCID: PMC5803774 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of myometrial functions during pregnancy has been considered the result of the integration of endocrine and mechanical signals. Nevertheless, uterine regeneration is poorly understood, and the cellular source within the gravid uterus is largely unexplored.In this study, we isolated and quantified the myometrial stem cells (MSC) population from pregnant female Eker rat uteri, by using Stro1/CD44 surface markers. We demonstrated that prior parity significantly increased the percentage of Stro1+/CD44+ MSC because of injured tissue response. Interestingly, we established that Stro1+/CD44+ MSC respond efficiently to physiological cues when they were treated in vitro under different dose-dependent pregnant rat serum.Previous studies reveal strong regulatory links between O2 availability and stem cell function. Based on these premises, cell proliferation assays showed that isolated Stro1+/CD44+ MSC possess a higher proliferative rate under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions. We also detected a total of 37 upregulated and 44 downregulated hypoxia-related genes, which were differentially expressed in Stro1+/CD44+ MSC, providing an alternative approach to infer into complex molecular mechanisms such as energy metabolism, inflammatory response, uterine expansion, and/or remodeling.Since these cells preferentially grow under low oxygen conditions, we propose that the increase of the rat uterus during pregnancy involves myometrial oxygen consumption, thereby enhancing MSC proliferation. Moreover, pregnancy-induced mechanical stretching results in hypoxic conditions, ultimately creating an environment that promotes stem cell proliferation and further uterine enlargement, which is essential for a successful pregnancy. In summary, all of these data support that rat Stro1+/CD44+ MSC contribute to uterine enlargement during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymara Mas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Prusinski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patricia Diaz-Gimeno
- Fundacion Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lelyand Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, Instituto Universitario IVI, Valencia, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Salter RC, Foka P, Davies TS, Gallagher H, Michael DR, Ashlin TG, Ramji DP. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and sterol receptor coactivator-1 in TGF-β-regulated expression of genes implicated in macrophage cholesterol uptake. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34368. [PMID: 27687241 PMCID: PMC5043369 DOI: 10.1038/srep34368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic cytokine TGF-β inhibits macrophage foam cell formation by suppressing the expression of key genes implicated in the uptake of modified lipoproteins. We have previously shown a critical role for p38 MAPK and JNK in the TGF-β-mediated regulation of apolipoprotein E expression in human monocytes. However, the roles of these two MAPK pathways in the control of expression of key genes involved in the uptake of modified lipoproteins in human macrophages is poorly understood and formed the focus of this study. TGF-β activated both p38 MAPK and JNK, and knockdown of p38 MAPK or c-Jun, a key downstream target of JNK action, demonstrated their requirement in the TGF-β-inhibited expression of several key genes implicated in macrophage lipoprotein uptake. The potential role of c-Jun and specific co-activators in the action of TGF-β was investigated further by studies on the lipoprotein lipase gene. c-Jun did not directly interact with the minimal promoter region containing the TGF-β response elements and a combination of transient transfection and knock down assays revealed an important role for SRC-1. These studies provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the TGF-β-mediated inhibition of macrophage gene expression associated with the control of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Salter
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Pelagia Foka
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Davies
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Gallagher
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Daryn R Michael
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Tim G Ashlin
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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10
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Qin L, Xu Y, Xu Y, Ma G, Liao L, Wu Y, Li Y, Wang X, Wang X, Jiang J, Wang J, Xu J. NCOA1 promotes angiogenesis in breast tumors by simultaneously enhancing both HIF1α- and AP-1-mediated VEGFa transcription. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23890-904. [PMID: 26287601 PMCID: PMC4695159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancer and its increased expression positively correlates with disease recurrence and metastasis. Although NCOA1 is known to promote breast cancer metastasis through working with multiple transcription factors to upregulate the expression of Twist1, ITGA5, CSF-1, SDF1 and CXCR4, the role of NCOA1 in breast tumor angiogenesis has not been investigated. In this study, we found that the microvascular density (MVD) was significantly decreased and increased in Ncoa1-knockout and NCOA1-overexpressing mammary tumors, respectively, in several breast cancer mouse models. Knockout or knockdown of NCOA1 in breast cancer cell lines also markedly compromised their capability to induce angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs embedded subcutaneously in mice, while this compromised capability could be rescued by VEGFa treatment. At the molecular level, NCOA1 upregulates VEGFa expression in both mouse mammary tumors and cultured breast cancer cells, and it does so by associating with both c-Fos, which is recruited to the AP-1 site at bp −938 of the VEGFa promoter, and HIF1α, which is recruited to the HIF1α-binding element at bp −979 of the VEGFa promoter, to enhance VEGFa transcription. In 140 human breast tumors, high NCOA1 protein correlates with high MVD and patients with both high NCOA1 and high MVD showed significantly shorter survival time. In summary, this study revealed a novel mechanism that NCOA1 potentiates breast cancer angiogenesis through upregulating HIF1α and AP-1-mediated VEGFa expression, which reinforces the rational of targeting NCOA1 in controlling breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixiang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yelin Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xian Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute for Cancer Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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11
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Xu C, Ochi H, Fukuda T, Sato S, Sunamura S, Takarada T, Hinoi E, Okawa A, Takeda S. Circadian Clock Regulates Bone Resorption in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1344-55. [PMID: 26841172 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls many behavioral and physiological processes beyond daily rhythms. Circadian dysfunction increases the risk of cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Although clinical studies have shown that bone resorption is controlled by circadian rhythm, as indicated by diurnal variations in bone resorption, the molecular mechanism of circadian clock-dependent bone resorption remains unknown. To clarify the role of circadian rhythm in bone resorption, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (Bmal1), a prototype circadian gene, was knocked out specifically in osteoclasts. Osteoclast-specific Bmal1-knockout mice showed a high bone mass phenotype due to reduced osteoclast differentiation. A cell-based assay revealed that BMAL1 upregulated nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 (Nfatc1) transcription through its binding to an E-box element located on the Nfatc1 promoter in cooperation with circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), a heterodimer partner of BMAL1. Moreover, steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family members were shown to interact with and upregulate BMAL1:CLOCK transcriptional activity. Collectively, these data suggest that bone resorption is controlled by osteoclastic BMAL1 through interactions with the SRC family and binding to the Nfatc1 promoter. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Fukuda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Sunamura
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Liu X, Li H, Rajurkar M, Li Q, Cotton JL, Ou J, Zhu LJ, Goel HL, Mercurio AM, Park JS, Davis RJ, Mao J. Tead and AP1 Coordinate Transcription and Motility. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1169-1180. [PMID: 26832411 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tead family transcription factors are the major intracellular mediators of the Hippo-Yap pathway. Despite the importance of Hippo signaling in tumorigenesis, Tead-dependent downstream oncogenic programs and target genes in cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize Tead4-mediated transcriptional networks in a diverse range of cancer cells, including neuroblastoma, colorectal, lung, and endometrial carcinomas. By intersecting genome-wide chromatin occupancy analyses of Tead4, JunD, and Fra1/2, we find that Tead4 cooperates with AP1 transcription factors to coordinate target gene transcription. We find that Tead-AP1 interaction is JNK independent but engages the SRC1-3 co-activators to promote downstream transcription. Furthermore, we show that Tead-AP1 cooperation regulates the activity of the Dock-Rac/CDC42 module and drives the expression of a unique core set of target genes, thereby directing cell migration and invasion. Together, our data unveil a critical regulatory mechanism underlying Tead- and AP1-controlled transcriptional and functional outputs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfan Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Huapeng Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mihir Rajurkar
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cotton
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua J Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hira L Goel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Divisions of Pediatric Urology and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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13
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Foley C, Mitsiades N. Moving Beyond the Androgen Receptor (AR): Targeting AR-Interacting Proteins to Treat Prostate Cancer. Discov Oncol 2016; 7:84-103. [PMID: 26728473 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-015-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical or surgical castration serves as the backbone of systemic therapy for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, taking advantage of the importance of androgen signaling in this disease. Unfortunately, resistance to castration emerges almost universally. Despite the development and approval of new and more potent androgen synthesis inhibitors and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, prostate cancers continue to develop resistance to these therapeutics, while often maintaining their dependence on the AR signaling axis. This highlights the need for innovative therapeutic approaches that aim to continue disrupting AR downstream signaling but are orthogonal to directly targeting the AR itself. In this review, we discuss the preclinical research that has been done, as well as clinical trials for prostate cancer, on inhibiting several important families of AR-interacting proteins, including chaperones (such as heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and FKBP52), pioneer factors (including forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) and GATA-2), and AR transcriptional coregulators such as the p160 steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3, as well as lysine deacetylases (KDACs) and lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). Researching the effect of-and developing new therapeutic agents that target-the AR signaling axis is critical to advancing our understanding of prostate cancer biology, to continue to improve treatments for prostate cancer and for overcoming castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Foley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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14
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Cao P, Feng F, Dong G, Yu C, Feng S, Song E, Shi G, Liang Y, Liang G. Estrogen receptor α enhances the transcriptional activity of ETS-1 and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of neuroblastoma cell in a ligand dependent manner. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:491. [PMID: 26122040 PMCID: PMC4486695 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that estrogen receptor α (ERα) participates in the pathogenic progress of breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In neuroblastoma cells and related cancer clinical specimens, moreover, the ectopic expression of ERα has been identified. However, the detailed function of ERα in the proliferation of neuroblastoma cell is yet unclear. METHODS The transcriptional activity of ETS-1 (E26 transformation specific sequence 1) was measured by luciferase analysis. Western blot assays and Real-time RT-PCR were used to examine the expression of ERα, ETS-1 and its targeted genes. The protein-protein interaction between ERα and ETS-1 was determined by co-IP and GST-Pull down assays. The accumulation of ETS-1 in nuclear was detected by western blot assays, and the recruitment of ETS-1 to its targeted gene's promoter was tested by ChIP assays. Moreover, SH-SY5Y cells' proliferation, anchor-independent growth, migration and invasion were quantified using the MTT, soft agar or Trans-well assay, respectively. RESULTS The transcriptional activity of ETS-1 was significantly increased following estrogen treatment, and this effect was related to ligand-mediated activation of ERα. The interaction between the ERα and ETS-1 was identified, and enhancement of ERα activation would up-regulate the ETS-1 transcription factor activity via modulating its cytoplasm/nucleus translocation and the recruitment of ETS-1 to its target gene's promoter. Furthermore, treatment of estrogen increased proliferation, migration and invasion of neuroblastoma cells, whereas the antagonist of ERα reduced those effects. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provided evidences that activation of ERα promoted neuroblastoma cells proliferation and up-regulated the transcriptional activity of ETS-1. By investigating the role of ERα in the ETS-1 activity regulation, we demonstrated that ERα may be a novel ETS-1 co-activator and thus a potential therapeutic target in human neuroblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Guofu Dong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Military Medical Science Academy of the Chinese PLA, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing City, 100850, PR China.
| | - Chunyong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Sizhe Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Erlin Song
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of the Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing City, 100853, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Guobing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
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15
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Tints K, Prink M, Neuman T, Palm K. LXXLL peptide converts transportan 10 to a potent inducer of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5680-98. [PMID: 24705462 PMCID: PMC4013589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerate expression of transcription coregulator proteins is observed in most human cancers. Therefore, in targeted anti-cancer therapy development, intervention at the level of cancer-specific transcription is of high interest. The steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is highly expressed in breast, endometrial, and prostate cancer. It is present in various transcription complexes, including those containing nuclear hormone receptors. We examined the effects of a peptide that contains the LXXLL-motif of the human SRC-1 nuclear receptor box 1 linked to the cell-penetrating transportan 10 (TP10), hereafter referred to as TP10-SRC1LXXLL, on proliferation and estrogen-mediated transcription of breast cancer cells in vitro. Our data show that TP10-SRC1LXXLL induced dose-dependent cell death of breast cancer cells, and that this effect was not affected by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Surprisingly TP10-SRC1LXXLL severely reduced the viability and proliferation of hormone-unresponsive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, the regulation of the endogenous ERα direct target gene pS2 was not affected by TP10-SRC1LXXLL in estrogen-stimulated MCF-7 cells. Dermal fibroblasts were similarly affected by treatment with higher concentrations of TP10-SRC1LXXLL and this effect was significantly delayed. These results suggest that the TP10-SRC1LXXLL peptide may be an effective drug candidate in the treatment of cancers with minimal therapeutic options, for example ER-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairit Tints
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Madis Prink
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | | | - Kaia Palm
- Protobios LLC, Mäealuse 4, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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16
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Lee MT, Leung YK, Chung I, Tarapore P, Ho SM. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ1) transactivation is differentially modulated by the transcriptional coregulator Tip60 in a cis-acting element-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25038-25052. [PMID: 23857583 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) β1 and ERα have overlapping and distinct functions despite their common use of estradiol as the physiological ligand. These attributes are explained in part by their differential utilization of coregulators and ligands. Although Tip60 has been shown to interact with both receptors, its regulatory role in ERβ1 transactivation has not been defined. In this study, we found that Tip60 enhances transactivation of ERβ1 at the AP-1 site but suppresses its transcriptional activity at the estrogen-response element (ERE) site in an estradiol-independent manner. However, different estrogenic compounds can modify the Tip60 action. The corepressor activity of Tip60 at the ERE site is abolished by diarylpropionitrile, genistein, equol, and bisphenol A, whereas its coactivation at the AP-1 site is augmented by fulvestrant (ICI 182,780). GRIP1 is an important tethering mediator for ERs at the AP-1 site. We found that coexpression of GRIP1 synergizes the action of Tip60. Although Tip60 is a known acetyltransferase, it is unable to acetylate ERβ1, and its coregulatory functions are independent of its acetylation activity. In addition, we showed the co-occupancy of ERβ1 and Tip60 at ERE and AP-1 sites of ERβ1 target genes. Tip60 differentially regulates the endogenous expression of the target genes by modulating the binding of ERβ1 to the cis-regulatory regions. Thus, we have identified Tip60 as the first dual-function coregulator of ERβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Lee
- From the Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- From the Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health,; Center for Environmental Genetics, and; Cancer Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 and
| | - Irving Chung
- From the Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health
| | - Pheruza Tarapore
- From the Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health,; Center for Environmental Genetics, and; Cancer Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 and
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- From the Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health,; Center for Environmental Genetics, and; Cancer Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 and; the Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220.
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17
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Effect of estrogen and tamoxifen on the expression pattern of AP-1 factors in MCF-7 cells: role of c-Jun, c-Fos, and Fra-1 in cell cycle regulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 380:143-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Greenberger S, Bischoff J. Infantile hemangioma-mechanism(s) of drug action on a vascular tumor. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 1:a006460. [PMID: 22229118 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH), a benign vascular tumor, is the most common tumor of infancy, with an incidence of 5%-10% at the end of the first year. The tumor displays a distinctive life cycle consisting of a proliferating phase, occurring in the first months of life, followed by an involuting phase. Thus, IH represents a unique model of postnatal vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vessel regression. Traditionally, corticosteroids were the drug of choice when treatment of IH was indicated. In recent years, beta-blockers, most specifically propranolol, have serendipitously been shown to be an effective pharmacological treatment. This article will focus on the mechanism of action of these two drugs, the old and the new treatments, in slowing the growth and accelerating involution of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Greenberger
- Department of Dermatology and Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
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19
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Yi P, Xia W, Wu RC, Lonard DM, Hung MC, O'Malley BW. SRC-3 coactivator regulates cell resistance to cytotoxic stress via TRAF4-mediated p53 destabilization. Genes Dev 2013; 27:274-87. [PMID: 23388826 DOI: 10.1101/gad.203760.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is an oncogenic nuclear receptor coactivator that plays a significant role in drug resistance. Using a lentiviral cDNA library rescue screening approach, we identified a SRC-3 downstream gene-TRAF4 (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] receptor associated-factor 4)-that functions in cell resistance to cytotoxic stress. TRAF4 expression is positively correlated with SRC-3 expression in human breast cancers. Similar to that observed for SRC-3 overexpression, breast cancer cells overexpressing TRAF4 are more resistant to stress-induced death. Here, we further dissected the underlying molecular mechanism for SRC-3 and TRAF4-mediated resistance to cytotoxic agents. We observed that SRC-3 expression is inversely correlated with the expression of p53-regulated proapoptotic genes in breast cancers and further found that SRC-3 and TRAF4 overexpression diminished cytotoxic stress-induced up-regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 protein. To determine the mechanism, we showed that the TRAF domain of TRAF4 bound to the N-terminal TRAF-like region of the deubiquitinase HAUSP (herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease; also named USP7) and blocked the access of p53 to the same region of HAUSP. This TRAF4-mediated inhibition of HAUSP then led to the loss of p53 deubiquitination and its stabilization in response to cellular stress. Consistent with this cellular function, we also found that TRAF4 overexpression in breast cancer patients was associated significantly with poor prognosis. Because of SRC-3's ability to abrogate p53 function, our results suggest that SRC-3 overexpression may be especially important in tumors in which p53 is not mutated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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AIB1 predicts bladder cancer outcome and promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation through AKT and E2F1. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1470-9. [PMID: 23511556 PMCID: PMC3629431 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated that AIB1 overexpression is an independent molecular marker for shortened survival of bladder cancer (BC) patients. In this study, we characterised the role and molecular mechanisms of AIB1 in BC tumorigenicity. Methods: AIB1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in non-muscle-invasive BC tissue and adjacent normal bladder tissue. In addition, the tumorigenicity of AIB1 was assessed with in vitro and in vivo functional assays. Results: Overexpression of AIB1 was observed in tissues from 46 out of 146 patients with non-muscle-invasive BC and was an independent predictor for poor progression-free survival. Lentivirus-mediated AIB1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, whereas AIB1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation in vitro. The growth-inhibitory effect induced by AIB1 knockdown was mediated by G1 arrest, which was caused by reduced expression of key cell-cycle regulatory proteins through the AKT pathway and E2F1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that AIB1 promotes BC cell proliferation through the AKT pathway and E2F1. Furthermore, AIB1 overexpression predicts tumour progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive BC.
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Fabris S, Mosca L, Cutrona G, Lionetti M, Agnelli L, Ciceri G, Barbieri M, Maura F, Matis S, Colombo M, Gentile M, Recchia AG, Anna Pesce E, Di Raimondo F, Musolino C, Gobbi M, Di Renzo N, Mauro FR, Brugiatelli M, Ilariucci F, Lipari MG, Angrilli F, Consoli U, Fragasso A, Molica S, Festini G, Vincelli I, Cortelezzi A, Federico M, Morabito F, Ferrarini M, Neri A. Chromosome 2p gain in monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:24-31. [PMID: 23044996 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have described chromosome 2p gain as a recurrent lesion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We investigated the 2p gain and its relationship with common prognostic biomarkers in a prospective series of 69 clinical monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (cMBL) and 218 early stage (Binet A) CLL patients. The 2p gain was detected by FISH in 17 patients (6%, 16 CLL, and 1 cMBL) and further characterized by single nucleotide polymorphism-array. Overall, unfavorable cytogenetic deletions, i.e., del(11)(q23) and del(17)(p13) (P = 0.002), were significantly more frequent in 2p gain cases, as well as unmutated status of IGHV (P < 1 × 10(-4) ) and CD38 (P < 1 × 10(-4) ) and ZAP-70 positive expression (P = 0.003). Furthermore, 2p gain patients had significantly higher utilization of stereotyped B-cell receptors compared with 2p negative patients (P = 0.009), and the incidence of stereotyped subset #1 in 2p gain patients was significantly higher than that found in the remaining CLLs (P = 0.031). Transcriptional profiling analysis identified several genes significantly upregulated in 2p gain CLLs, most of which mapped to 2p. Among these, NCOA1 and ROCK2 are known for their involvement in tumor progression in several human cancers, whereas among those located in different chromosomes, CAV1 at 7q31.1 has been recently identified to play a critical role in CLL progression. Thus, 2p gain can be present since the early stages of the disease, particularly in those cases characterized by other poor prognosis markers. The finding of genes upregulated in the cells with 2p gain provides new insights to define the pathogenic role of this lesion.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphocytosis/diagnosis
- Lymphocytosis/genetics
- Lymphocytosis/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fabris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano e Ematologia 1 CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
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22
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Maeng S, Kim GJ, Choi EJ, Yang HO, Lee DS, Sohn YC. 9-Cis-retinoic acid induces growth inhibition in retinoid-sensitive breast cancer and sea urchin embryonic cells via retinoid X receptor α and replication factor C3. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1821-35. [PMID: 22949521 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is widespread interest in defining factors and mechanisms that suppress the proliferation of cancer cells. Retinoic acid (RA) is a potent suppressor of mammary cancer and developmental embryonic cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which 9-cis-RA signaling induces growth inhibition in RA-sensitive breast cancer and embryonic cells are not apparent. Here, we provide evidence that the inhibitory effect of 9-cis-RA on cell proliferation depends on 9-cis-RA-dependent interaction of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) with replication factor C3 (RFC3), which is a subunit of the RFC heteropentamer that opens and closes the circular proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) clamp on DNA. An RFC3 ortholog in a sea urchin cDNA library was isolated by using the ligand-binding domain of RXRα as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening. The interaction of RFC3 with RXRα depends on 9-cis-RA and bexarotene, but not on all-trans-RA or an RA receptor (RAR)-selective ligand. Truncation and mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the C-terminal LXXLL motifs in both human and sea urchin RFC3 are critical for the interaction with RXRα. The transient interaction between 9-cis-RA-activated RXRα and RFC3 resulted in reconfiguration of the PCNA-RFC complex. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of RXRα or overexpression of RFC3 impairs the ability of 9-cis-RA to inhibit proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and sea urchin embryogenesis. Our results indicate that 9-cis-RA-activated RXRα suppresses the growth of RA-sensitive breast cancer and embryonic cells through RFC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejung Maeng
- Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
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Walsh CA, Qin L, Tien JCY, Young LS, Xu J. The function of steroid receptor coactivator-1 in normal tissues and cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:470-85. [PMID: 22419892 PMCID: PMC3303173 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1995, the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) was identified as the first authentic steroid receptor coactivator. Since then, the SRC proteins have remained at the epicenter of coregulator biology, molecular endocrinology and endocrine-related cancer. Cumulative works on SRC-1 have shown that it is primarily a nuclear receptor coregulator and functions to construct highly specific enzymatic protein complexes which can execute efficient and successful transcriptional activation of designated target genes. The versatile nature of SRC-1 enables it to respond to steroid dependent and steroid independent stimulation, allowing it to bind across many families of transcription factors to orchestrate and regulate complex physiological reactions. This review highlights the multiple functions of SRC-1 in the development and maintenance of normal tissue functions as well as its major role in mediating hormone receptor responsiveness. Insights from genetically manipulated mouse models and clinical data suggest SRC-1 is significantly overexpressed in many cancers, in particular, cancers of the reproductive tissues. SRC-1 has been associated with cellular proliferation and tumor growth but its major tumorigenic contributions are promotion and execution of breast cancer metastasis and mediation of resistance to endocrine therapies. The ability of SRC-1 to coordinate multiple signaling pathways makes it an important player in tumor cells' escape of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Walsh
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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The nuclear cofactor RAC3/AIB1/SRC-3 enhances Nrf2 signaling by interacting with transactivation domains. Oncogene 2012; 32:514-27. [PMID: 22370642 PMCID: PMC3538952 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NM 006164, 605 AA) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated expression of a group of detoxifying antioxidant genes that detoxify carcinogens and protect against oxidative stress. Several proteins have been identified as Nrf2-interacting molecules. In this study, we found that the overexpression of receptor-associated coactivator 3 (RAC3)/AIB-1/steroid receptor coactivator-3, a nuclear coregulator and oncogene frequently amplified in human breast cancers, induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through Nrf2 transactivation in HeLa cells. Next, we determined the interaction between RAC3 and Nrf2 proteins using a co-immunoprecipitation assay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis. The results showed that RAC3 bound directly to the Nrf2 protein in the nucleus. Subsequently, we identified the interacting domains of Nrf2 and RAC3 using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. The results showed that both the N-terminal RAC3-pasB and C-terminal RAC3-R3B3 domains were tightly bound to the Neh4 and Neh5 transactivation domains. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that RAC3 bound tightly to the ARE enhancer region of the HO-1 promoter via Nrf2 binding. These data suggest that Nrf2 activation is modulated and directly controlled through interactions with the RAC3 protein in HeLa cells.
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Tumor-suppressor role for the SPOP ubiquitin ligase in signal-dependent proteolysis of the oncogenic co-activator SRC-3/AIB1. Oncogene 2011; 30:4350-64. [PMID: 21577200 PMCID: PMC3158261 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptor co-activator-3 (SRC-3/AIB1) is an oncogene that is amplified and overexpressed in many human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate 'activated SRC-3 oncoprotein' turnover during tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP), a cullin 3 (CUL3)-based ubiquitin ligase, is responsible for SRC-3 ubiquitination and proteolysis. SPOP interacts directly with an SRC-3 phospho-degron in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Casein kinase Iɛ phosphorylates the S102 in this degron and promotes SPOP-dependent turnover of SRC-3. Short hairpin RNA knockdown and overexpression experiments substantiated that the SPOP/CUL3/Rbx1 ubiquitin ligase complex promotes SRC-3 turnover. A systematic analysis of the SPOP genomic locus revealed that a high percentage of genomic loss or loss of heterozygosity occurs at this locus in breast cancers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that restoration of SPOP expression inhibited SRC-3-mediated oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis, thus positioning SPOP as a tumor suppressor.
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Spears M, Oesterreich S, Migliaccio I, Guiterrez C, Hilsenbeck S, Quintayo MA, Pedraza J, Munro AF, Thomas JSJ, Kerr GR, Jack WJL, Kunkler IH, Cameron DA, Chetty U, Bartlett JMS. The p160 ER co-regulators predict outcome in ER negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 131:463-72. [PMID: 21390497 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The SRC family of ER co-regulators are frequently overexpressed in breast cancer. Overexpression of AIB1 appears to be linked to hormone resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. However, the role of these co-regulators in ER negative disease is poorly understood. SRC1, SRC2 and AIB1 expression was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays constructed from tumours within the Edinburgh Breast Conservation Series (BCS). The BCS represents a fully documented consecutive cohort of 1,812 patients treated by breast conservation surgery in a single institution. Our results demonstrate tumours that overexpress both HER2 and AIB1 were associated with markedly reduced relapse free, distant relapse free and overall survival compared to HER2 and AIB1 only overexpressing tumours irrespective of ER status. In ER negative disease both SRC1 and AIB1 were linked to early relapse and death. The SRC family of ER co-regulators is involved in early relapse and resistance in both ER negative and ER positive breast cancer challenging the conventional concept that this effect is mediated solely via the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spears
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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Qin L, Chen X, Wu Y, Feng Z, He T, Wang L, Liao L, Xu J. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 upregulates integrin α₅ expression to promote breast cancer cell adhesion and migration. Cancer Res 2011; 71:1742-51. [PMID: 21343398 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer remains a lethal disease with poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1 or NCOA1) is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers with poor prognosis. It potentiates gene expression by serving as a coactivator for nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. We previously reported that SRC-1 promotes breast cancer metastasis without affecting primary mammary tumor formation. Herein, we found that SRC-1 deficiency in mouse and human breast cancer cells substantially reduced cell adhesion and migration capabilities on fibronectin and significantly extended the time of focal adhesion disassembly and reassembly. In agreement with this phenotype, SRC-1 expression positively correlated with integrin α(5) (ITGA5) expression in estrogen receptor-negative breast tumors whereas SRC-1 deficiency decreased ITGA5 expression. Furthermore, ITGA5 reduction in SRC-1-deficient/insufficient breast cancer cells or knockdown of ITGA5 in SRC-1-expressing breast cancer cells was associated with a disturbed integrin-mediated signaling. Critical downstream changes included reduced phosphorylation and/or dampened activation of focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, Rac1, and Erk1/2 during cell adhesion. Finally, we found that SRC-1 enhanced ITGA5 promoter activity through an AP-1 (activator protein)-binding site proximal to the transcriptional initiation site; both SRC-1 and c-Jun were recruited to this promoter region in breast cancer cells. These results show that SRC-1 can promote breast cancer metastasis by directly enhancing ITGA5 expression and thus promoting ITGA5-mediated cell adhesion and migration. Therefore, targeting ITGA5 in SRC-1-positive breast cancers may result in inhibition of SRC-1-promoted breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Nakles RE, Shiffert MT, Díaz-Cruz ES, Cabrera MC, Alotaiby M, Miermont AM, Riegel AT, Furth PA. Altered AIB1 or AIB1Δ3 expression impacts ERα effects on mammary gland stromal and epithelial content. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:549-63. [PMID: 21292825 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) (also known as steroid receptor coactivator-3) is a nuclear receptor coactivator enhancing estrogen receptor (ER)α and progesterone receptor (PR)-dependent transcription in breast cancer. The splice variant AIB1Δ3 demonstrates increased ability to promote ERα and PR-dependent transcription. Both are implicated in breast cancer risk and antihormone resistance. Conditional transgenic mice tested the in vivo impact of AIB1Δ3 overexpression compared with AIB1 on histological features of increased breast cancer risk and growth response to estrogen and progesterone in the mammary gland. Combining expression of either AIB1 or AIB1Δ3 with ERα overexpression, we investigated in vivo cooperativity. AIB1 and AIB1Δ3 overexpression equivalently increased the prevalence of hyperplastic alveolar nodules but not ductal hyperplasia or collagen content. When AIB1 or AIB1Δ3 overexpression was combined with ERα, both stromal collagen content and ductal hyperplasia prevalence were significantly increased and adenocarcinomas appeared. Overexpression of AIB1Δ3, especially combined with overexpressed ERα, led to an abnormal response to estrogen and progesterone with significant increases in stromal collagen content and development of a multilayered mammary epithelium. AIB1Δ3 overexpression was associated with a significant increase in PR expression and PR downstream signaling genes. AIB1 overexpression produced less marked growth abnormalities and no significant change in PR expression. In summary, AIB1Δ3 overexpression was more potent than AIB1 overexpression in increasing stromal collagen content, inducing abnormal mammary epithelial growth, altering PR expression levels, and mediating the response to estrogen and progesterone. Combining ERα overexpression with either AIB1 or AIB1Δ3 overexpression augmented abnormal growth responses in both epithelial and stromal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Nakles
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
The last decade has seen an incredible breakthrough in technologies that allow histones, transcription factors (TFs), and RNA polymerases to be precisely mapped throughout the genome. From this research, it is clear that there is a complex interaction between the chromatin landscape and the general transcriptional machinery and that the dynamic control of this interface is central to gene regulation. However, the chromatin remodeling enzymes and general TFs cannot, on their own, recognize and stably bind to promoter or enhancer regions. Rather, they are recruited to cis regulatory regions through interaction with site-specific DNA binding TFs and/or proteins that recognize epigenetic marks such as methylated cytosines or specifically modified amino acids in histones. These "recruitment" factors are modular in structure, reflecting their ability to interact with the genome via one region of the protein and to simultaneously bind to other regulatory proteins via "effector" domains. In this chapter, we provide examples of common effector domains that can function in transcriptional regulation via their ability to (a) interact with the basal transcriptional machinery and general co-activators, (b) interact with other TFs to allow cooperative binding, and (c) directly or indirectly recruit histone and chromatin modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Frietze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA,
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[Effects of gambogic acid on the regulation of steroid receptor coactivator-3 in A549 cells]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2010. [PMID: 20137343 DOI: 10.1007/s11670-009-0068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of gambogic acid (GA) on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro, as well as the regulation of steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) to explore the relationship between them. METHODS The effect of GA on the growth of A549 cells was studied by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining. The localization of SRC-3 was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Western blot and RT-PCR technique were applied to assess the expression of SRC-3. RESULTS GA presented a striking proliferation inhibition potency on A549 cells in vitro, as well as apoptosis induction activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC(50) value for 24 h was (3.17 +/- 0.13) micromol/L. Overexpression of SRC-3 was found in A549 cells, whereas the SRC-3 protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated in A549 cells induced by GA in a dose-dependent manner. The location of SRC-3 was situated mainly in the cell nuclei. CONCLUSION GA exhibits a potent proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, which might correspond to the downregulation of the expression of SRC-3. Thus, it promises to be a new target drug for lung cancer treatment.
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Targeting NF-κB in infantile hemangioma-derived stem cells reduces VEGF-A expression. Angiogenesis 2010; 13:327-35. [PMID: 20872175 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-010-9189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND infantile hemangioma (IH) is a most common tumor of infancy. Using infantile hemangioma-derived stem cells (HemSCs), we recently demonstrated that corticosteroids suppress the expression of VEGF-A, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); each of these are known targets of the transcription factor nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In the present study, we examined the expression of these NF-κB target genes in IH tissue specimens and the effect of NF-κB regulation on the expression of pro-angiogenic cytokines, and in particular VEGF-A, in HemSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA extracted from IH tissue and hemangioma-derived stem cells (HemSCs) was used to analyze NF-κB target gene expression by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The effects of NF-κB blockade were examined in HemSCs. Immunostaining, immunoblotting and ELISA were used to assess protein expression. RESULTS MCP-1, uPAR, and IL-6 were found to be differentially expressed in proliferating versus involuting IH. Corticosteroids suppressed NF-κB activity of HemSCs. Velcade (Bortezomib), a proteosome inhibitor that can indirectly inhibit NF-κB, impaired HemSCs viability and expression of pro-angiogenic factors. Furthermore, specific inhibition of NF-κB resulted in suppression of VEGF-A. CONCLUSIONS we demonstrate expression of NF-κB target genes in proliferating IH. In addition, we show that the expression of several pro-angiogenic factors in HemSCs, and in particular VEGF-A, is regulated by NF-B activity.
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Chen X, Liu Z, Xu J. The cooperative function of nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) and NCOA3 in placental development and embryo survival. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1917-34. [PMID: 20685850 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 [NCOA1/steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-1] and NCOA3 (SRC-3/AIB1/ACTR) constitute two thirds of the SRC (steroid receptor coactivator) family. Although in vitro experiments have suggested overlapping functions between NCOA1 and NCOA3, their in vivo functional relationship is poorly understood. In this study, NCOA1 and NCOA3 double knockout mice were generated to determine the compensatory roles of NCOA1 and NCOA3 in development. NCOA1(-/-) mice survived normally, whereas most NCOA3(-/-) embryos were viable at embryonic d 13.5 (E13.5). In contrast, the majority of double-knockout (DKO) embryos died by E13.5. NCOA1 and NCOA3 are expressed in the labyrinth, and labyrinths of NCOA1(+/-);NCOA3(-/-) and DKO placentas were small compared with wild-type and single-knockout labyrinths. DKO labyrinths exhibited low densities of maternal blood sinuses and fetal capillaries and displayed fetomaternal blood transfusion. At the interface between maternal and fetal circulations, layer I sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells showed a reduced density of microvilli. Layer III syncytiotrophoblasts appeared to accumulate large lipid droplets and have reduced density and deepened invaginations of the intrasyncytial bays. The endothelial layer in DKO labyrinth showed abnormal morphologies and had large lipid droplets. Furthermore, disruption of NCOA1 and NCOA3 increased labyrinth trophoblast proliferation and their progenitor gene expression but decreased their differentiation gene expression. NCOA1 and NCOA3 deficiencies also affected the expression of several genes for placental morphogenesis including TGFβ-, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β-, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-regulated genes and for glucose transportation including GLUT1 and Cx26. These findings demonstrate that NCOA1 and NCOA3 cooperatively regulate placental morphogenesis and embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Moore TW, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen JA. Minireview: Not picking pockets: nuclear receptor alternate-site modulators (NRAMs). Mol Endocrinol 2009; 24:683-95. [PMID: 19933380 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their central importance in gene regulation and mediating the actions of many hormones, the nuclear receptors (NRs) have long been recognized as very important biological and pharmaceutical targets. Of all the surfaces available on a given NR, the singular site for regulation of receptor activity has almost invariably been the ligand-binding pocket of the receptor, the site where agonists, antagonists, and selective NR modulators interact. With our increasing understanding of the multiple molecular components involved in NR action, researchers have recently begun to look to additional interaction sites on NRs for regulating their activities by novel mechanisms. The alternate NR-associated interaction sites that have been targeted include the coactivator-binding groove and allosteric sites in the ligand-binding domain, the zinc fingers of the DNA-binding domain, and the NR response element in DNA. The studies thus far have been performed with the estrogen receptors, the androgen receptor (AR), the thyroid hormone receptors, and the pregnane X receptor. Phenotypic and conformation-based screens have also identified small molecule modulators that are believed to function through the NRs but have, as yet, unknown sites and mechanisms of action. The rewards from investigation of these NR alternate-site modulators should be the discovery of new therapeutic approaches and novel agents for regulating the activities of these important NR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Xu J, Wu RC, O’Malley BW. Normal and cancer-related functions of the p160 steroid receptor co-activator (SRC) family. Nat Rev Cancer 2009; 9:615-30. [PMID: 19701241 PMCID: PMC2908510 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The three homologous members of the p160 SRC family (SRC1, SRC2 and SRC3) mediate the transcriptional functions of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors, and are the most studied of all the transcriptional co-activators. Recent work has indicated that the SRCgenes are subject to amplification and overexpression in various human cancers. Some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for SRC overexpression, along with the mechanisms by which SRCs promote breast and prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival, have been identified, as have the specific contributions of individual SRC family members to spontaneous breast and prostate carcinogenesis in genetically manipulated mouse models. These studies have identified new challenges for cancer research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ray-Chang Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Determinants of the NF-kappaB response to acute psychosocial stress in humans. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:742-9. [PMID: 18848620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that psychosocial stress is associated with an increased activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a major inducer of inflammatory genes. While considerable individual variation has been noted, factors contributing to this variation have not been described so far. Therefore, 29 healthy participants (35.8+/-12 yrs) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test. Blood was collected before and repeatedly afterward for determination of NF-kappaB activity, leukocyte subset numbers, cortisol, norepinephrine, and in vitro-stimulated IL-6 production. Additionally, age, sex, and ratings of perceived chronic and acute stress were assessed. Regression analyses revealed that older participants showed a lower NF-kappaB stress response compared to younger adults (beta= -.42, p=.026). Higher NF-kappaB stress responses were associated with lower cortisol stress responses (beta= -.37, p=.05), higher pre-stress IL-6 production (beta=.38, p=.043), and high chronic in combination with low acute stress, or vice versa (beta= -.61, p=.06). Norepinephrine and sex were not associated with NF-kappaB stress responses (all p.13). In summary, the present study shows for the first time in human psychosocial stress the negative association of cortisol and NF-kappaB. This parallels results from in vitro studies. Our finding of lower NF-kappaB stress responses in older age and in people with high chronic and acute stress might be interpreted as an adaptive dampening of NF-kappaB activity. In the absence of longitudinal data, however, this interpretation remains speculative.
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Lee MJ, Kwak YK, You KR, Lee BH, Kim DG. Involvement of GADD153 and cardiac ankyrin repeat protein in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Mol Med 2009; 41:243-52. [PMID: 19299913 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2009.41.4.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is critical for causing cardiac injuries during ischemia-reperfusion (IR), yet the molecular mechanism for this remains unclear. In the present study, we observe that hypoxia and reoxygenation, a component of ischemia, effectively induces apoptosis in the cardiac myocytes from neonatal rats and it concomitantly leads to induction of GADD153, an apoptosis-related gene. Furthermore, IR injury of rat heart showed a GADD153 overexpression in the ischemic area where the TUNEL reaction was positive. A downregulation of cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) was also observed in this ischemic area. Promoter deletion and reporter analysis revealed that hypoxia transcriptionally activates a GADD153 promoter through the AP-1 element in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Ectopic overexpression of GADD153 resulted in the downregulation of CARP expression. Accordingly, the induction of GADD153 mRNA were followed by the CARP down-regulation in an in vivo rat coronary ischemia/reperfusion injury model. These results suggest that GADD153 over-expression and the resulting downregulation of CARP may have causative roles in apoptotic cell death during cardiac IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 561-712, Korea
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Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is necessary for regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone by chronic stress and glucocorticoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8038-42. [PMID: 19416907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812062106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to stress in vertebrates occurs via activation of hormonal and neuronal signaling cascades in which corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a central role. Expression of brain CRH is subject to strong, brain-region specific regulation by glucocorticoid hormones and neurogenic intracellular signals. We hypothesized that Steroid Receptor Coactivator 1 (SRC-1), a transcriptional coregulator of the glucocorticoid receptor, is involved in the sensitivity of CRH regulation by stress-related factors. In the brains of SRC-1 knockout mice we found basal CRH mRNA levels to be lower in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Hypothalamic CRH up-regulation after chronic (but not acute) stress, as well as region-dependent up- and down-regulation induced by synthetic glucocorticoids, were significantly attenuated compared with wild type. The impaired induction of the crh gene by neurogenic signals was corroborated in AtT-20 cells, where siRNA and overexpression experiments showed that SRC-1 is necessary for full induction of a CRH promoter reporter gene by forskolin, suggestive of involvement of transcription factor CREB. In conclusion, SRC-1 is involved in positive and negative regulation of the crh gene, and an important factor for the adaptive capacity of stress.
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Qin L, Liu Z, Chen H, Xu J. The steroid receptor coactivator-1 regulates twist expression and promotes breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3819-27. [PMID: 19383905 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) expression positively correlates with HER2 expression and poor prognosis. In mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle T (PyMT) breast cancer mouse model, SRC-1 strongly promotes mammary tumor metastasis. However, the molecular targets and mechanisms that mediate the role of SRC-1 in metastasis are unknown. In this study, SRC-1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) cell lines were developed from the mammary tumors of WT/PyMT and KO/PyMT mice. WT cells exhibited strong migration and invasion capabilities, reduced E-cadherin and beta-catenin epithelial markers, gained N-cadherin and vimentin mesenchymal markers, and formed undifferentiated invasive structures in three-dimensional culture. In contrast, KO cells showed slow migration and invasion, retained E-cadherin, had less N-cadherin and vimentin, and developed partially differentiated three-dimensional structures. Importantly, WT cells expressed Twist, a master regulator of metastasis, at significantly higher levels versus KO cells. SRC-1 knockdown in WT cells reduced Twist expression, whereas SRC-1 restoration in KO cells also rescued Twist expression. Furthermore, SRC-1 was found to coactivate Twist transcription through physical interaction with the transcription factor PEA3 at the proximal Twist promoter. Accordingly, Twist knockdown in WT cells increased E-cadherin and reduced cell invasion and metastasis, and Twist expression in KO cells decreased E-cadherin and increased cell invasion. SRC-1 knockdown in human breast cancer cells also decreased Twist, cell migration, and invasion. Therefore, SRC-1 promotes breast cancer invasiveness and metastasis by coactivating PEA3-mediated Twist expression. Intervention of SRC-1 function may provide new strategies to inhibit breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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39
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Boorjian SA, Heemers HV, Frank I, Farmer SA, Schmidt LJ, Sebo TJ, Tindall DJ. Expression and significance of androgen receptor coactivators in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Endocr Relat Cancer 2009; 16:123-37. [PMID: 18845648 PMCID: PMC2674368 DOI: 10.1677/erc-08-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder is approximately three times more common in men than women. While the etiology for this gender difference in incidence remains unknown, a role for androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been suggested. The mechanisms by which AR activity is regulated in UC cells, however, are largely elusive. Here, we explore the significance of coregulators that are critical for the formation of a functional AR transcriptional complex, in UC cells. Using two AR-positive UC cell lines, TCC-SUP and UMUC3, we demonstrate the expression of the coactivators NCOA1, NCOA2, NCOA3, CREBBP, and EP300 in UC cells. small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of the AR or any of these coactivators markedly impacted cell viability and abrogated androgen-dependent cell proliferation. Noteworthy, contrary to AR-positive prostate cancer cells, expression of these AR-associated coactivators was not androgen regulated in UC cells. To assess the clinical relevance of coactivator expression, we performed immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections from 55 patients with UC of the bladder. We found that while 24 out of 55 (44%) of tumors expressed the AR, each of the coactivators was expressed by 85-100% of the bladder cancers. Moreover, we noted a significant downregulation of NCOA1 expression in tumors versus adjacent, non-tumor bladder urothelium, with a mean of 68% (range 0-100) of tumor cells demonstrating NCOA1 staining versus a mean of 81% (range 0-90) of non-tumor cells (P=0.03). Taken together, our data suggest an important role for AR-associated coactivators in UC and point toward differences in the regulation of AR activity between bladder and prostate cancer cells.
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Zhao X, Benveniste EN. Transcriptional activation of human matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression by multiple co-activators. J Mol Biol 2008; 383:945-56. [PMID: 18790699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a proteolytic enzyme for matrix proteins, chemokines and cytokines, is a major target in cancer and autoimmune diseases, since it is aberrantly upregulated. To control MMP-9 expression in pathological conditions, it is necessary to understand the regulatory mechanisms of MMP-9 expression. MMP-9 gene expression is regulated primarily at the transcriptional level. In this study, we investigated the role of multiple co-activators in regulating MMP-9 transcription. We demonstrate that multiple transcriptional co-activators are involved in MMP-9 promoter activation, including CBP/p300, PCAF, CARM1 and GRIP1. Furthermore, enhancement of MMP-9 promoter activity requires the histone acetyltransferase activity of PCAF but not that of CBP/p300, and the methyltransferase activity of CARM1. More importantly, these co-activators are able to activate MMP-9 promoter activity independently, and function in a synergistic manner. Significant synergy was observed among CARM1, p300 and GRIP1, which is dependent on the interaction of p300 and CARM1 with the AD1 and AD2 domains of GRIP1, respectively. This suggests the formation of a ternary co-activator complex on the MMP-9 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that these co-activators associate with the endogenous MMP-9 promoter, and that siRNA knockdown of expression of these co-activators reduces endogenous MMP-9 expression. Taken together, these studies demonstrate a new level of transcriptional regulation of MMP-9 expression by the cooperative action of co-activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
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41
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Yan J, Erdem H, Li R, Cai Y, Ayala G, Ittmann M, Yu-Lee LY, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ. Steroid receptor coactivator-3/AIB1 promotes cell migration and invasiveness through focal adhesion turnover and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5460-8. [PMID: 18593949 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3)/AIB1 is a member of the p160 nuclear receptor coactivator family involved in development and cell cycle progression. We previously showed that SRC-3/AIB1 is required for prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival. Here, we reported that the elevated SRC-3/AIB1 expression is significantly correlated with human prostate cancer seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, SRC-3/AIB1 is associated with increased prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. SRC-3/AIB1 is required for focal adhesion turnover and focal adhesion kinase activation. In addition, SRC-3/AIB1 directly regulates transcription of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-13 through its coactivation of AP-1 and PEA3. Taken together, these data suggest that SRC-3/AIB1 plays an essential role in prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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42
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Diefenbacher M, Sekula S, Heilbock C, Maier JV, Litfin M, van Dam H, Castellazzi M, Herrlich P, Kassel O. Restriction to Fos family members of Trip6-dependent coactivation and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent trans-repression of activator protein-1. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:1767-80. [PMID: 18535250 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The term activator protein (AP)-1 describes homodimeric and heterodimeric transcription factors composed of members of the Jun, Fos, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) families of proteins. Distinct AP-1 dimers, for instance the prototypical c-Jun:c-Fos and c-Jun:ATF2 dimers, are differentially regulated by signaling pathways and bind related yet distinct response elements in the regulatory regions of AP-1 target genes. Little is known about the dimer-specific regulation of AP-1 activity at the promoter of its target genes. We have previously shown that nTrip6, the nuclear isoform of the LIM domain protein Trip6, acts as an AP-1 coactivator. Moreover, nTrip6 is an essential component of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated trans-repression of AP-1, in that it mediates the tethering of GR to the promoter-bound AP-1. We have now discovered a striking specificity of nTrip6 actions determined by the binding preference of its LIM domains. We show that nTrip6 interacts only with Fos family members. Consequently, nTrip6 is a selective coactivator for AP-1 dimers containing Fos. nTrip6 also assembles activated GR to c-Jun:c-Fos-driven promoters. Neither nTrip6 nor GR are recruited to a promoter occupied by c-Jun:ATF2. Thus, only Fos-containing dimers are trans-repressed by GR. Thus, the dimer composition of AP-1 determines the mechanism of both the positive and negative regulation of AP-1 transcriptional activity. Interestingly, on a second level of action, GR represses the increase in transcriptional activity of c-Jun:ATF2 induced by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent phosphorylation. This repression depends on GR-mediated induction of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression, which results in c-Jun N-terminal kinase inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Diefenbacher
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, D- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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43
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Fauquier L, Duboé C, Joré C, Trouche D, Vandel L. Dual role of the arginine methyltransferase CARM1 in the regulation of c‐Fos target genes. FASEB J 2008; 22:3337-47. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fauquier
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS, IFR109 Toulouse France
| | - Carine Duboé
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS, IFR109 Toulouse France
| | - Cécile Joré
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS, IFR109 Toulouse France
| | - Didier Trouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération, UMR 5088 Toulouse France
| | - Laurence Vandel
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS, IFR109 Toulouse France
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Yoshida M. Gene regulation system of vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2008; 2:71-88. [PMID: 19787076 PMCID: PMC2733102 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The neurohypophyseal hormones, arginine vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), play a crucial role in the physiological and behavioral response to various kinds of stresses. Both neuropeptides activate the hypophysial-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a central mediator of the stress response in the body. Conversely, they receive the negative regulation by glucocorticoid, which is an end product of the HPA axis. Vasopressin and CRH are closely linked to immune response; they also interact with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, as for vasopressin, it has another important role, which is the regulation of water balance through its potent antidiuretic effect. Hence, it is conceivable that vasopressin and CRH mediate the homeostatic responses for survival and protect organisms from the external world. A tight and elaborate regulation system of the vasopressin and CRH gene is required for the rapid and flexible response to the alteration of the surrounding environments. Several important regulatory elements have been identified in the proximal promoter region in the vasopressin and CRH gene. Many transcription factors and intracellular signaling cascades are involved in the complicated gene regulation system. This review focuses on the current status of the basic research of vasopressin and CRH. In addition to the numerous known facts about their divergent physiological roles, the recent topics of promoter analyses will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshida
- Department of Endocrinology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, 454-8502, Japan.
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Luo JH, Xie D, Liu MZ, Chen W, Liu YD, Wu GQ, Kung HF, Zeng YX, Guan XY. Protein expression and amplification of AIB1 in human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and overexpression of AIB1 is a new independent prognostic marker of patient survival. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2554-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li LB, Louie MC, Chen HW, Zou JX. Proto-oncogene ACTR/AIB1 promotes cancer cell invasion by up-regulating specific matrix metalloproteinase expression. Cancer Lett 2007; 261:64-73. [PMID: 18162290 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of ACTR/AIB1 is frequently found in different cancers with distant metastasis. To address its possible involvement in tumor metastasis, we performed invasion assays to examine the effect of ACTR alteration on the invasiveness of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 or T-47D) and found that high levels of ACTR are required for their strong invasiveness. Molecular analysis indicates that ACTR functions as a coactivator of AP-1 to up-regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases such as MMP-7 and MMP-10 and reduce cell adhesion to specific extracellular matrix proteins. These novel findings provide a mechanistic link between ACTR and MMPs, and suggest that ACTR may also play an important role in cancer progression by facilitating tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li B Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Ansari RA, Gandy J. Determining the transrepression activity of xenoestrogen on nuclear factor-kappa B in Cos-1 cells by estrogen receptor-alpha. Int J Toxicol 2007; 26:441-9. [PMID: 17963131 DOI: 10.1080/10915810701620317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional assays have been used to define the estrogenicity of xenoestrogens in cotransfection studies employing estrogen receptors in various cell lines. It is known that estrogen is able to affect transcription from other nuclear transcription factors, especially the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). The ability of selected xenoestrogens (methoxychlor [MXC], dieldrin, and o',p'-DDT) to transrepress the NF-kappa B-mediated transcription in Cos-1 cells was evaluated by cotransfection of human estrogen receptor-alpha (hERalpha). These xenoestrogens have been described as comparably potent xenoestrogens, whereas their relative binding activity (RBA) has been relegated to a lower order as compare to estrogen. The two NF-kappa B response element-containing SV40 promoter and -242/+54 cytomegalovirus (CMV)-expressing firefly luciferase (2 x NRE-PV-Luc and 2 x NRE-CMV-Luc, respectively) were transfected into Cos-1 cells with pRL-tk, expressing the renilla luciferase as internal control. The estrogen receptor was expressed from cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter (CMV-MIEP) (CMV5-hERalpha). Treatment with 1 nM estrogen (E(2)) (26.2%), 5 nM E(2) (41.4%; p < .05), and xenoestrogens (methoxychlor [1 nM: 29.6%, p < .05; 10 nM: 22.6%), dieldrin [1 nM: 10.3%; 10 nM: 36.06%, p < .05], and o',p'-DDT [1 nM: 17.0%; 10 nM: 7.15%]) repressed transcription from 2 x NREX-PV-Luc. The antiestrogen, ICI 182,780, failed to antagonize the effects of xenoestrogens. The effects of xenoestrogens in transrepression of NF-kappa B by ERalpha were similar when 2 x NRE-CMV-Luc was employed as reporter. Statistically significant (p < .01) repression by 1 nM E(2) (69.2%), 5 nM E(2) (69.1%), 1 nM o',p'-DDT (51.4%), 1 nM dieldrin (47.3%), and 1 nM MXC (73.3%) were observed. The effect of these xenoestrogens without ERalpha cotransfection on 2 x NRE-PV-Luc- and 2 x NRE-CMV-Luc-mediated NF-kappa B transcription was not affected by the treatment alone. It is concluded that xenoestrogens, like estrogens, are capable of producing transrepression of NF-kappa B by hERalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Kassel O, Herrlich P. Crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor and other transcription factors: molecular aspects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 275:13-29. [PMID: 17689856 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate cell fate by altering gene expression via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Ligand-bound GR can activate the transcription of genes carrying the specific GR binding sequence, the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). In addition, GR can modulate, positively or negatively, directly or indirectly, the activity of other transcription factors (TFs), a process referred to as "crosstalk". In the indirect crosstalk, GR interferes with transduction pathways upstream of other TFs. In the direct crosstalk, GR and other TFs modulate each other's activity when bound to the promoters of their target genes. The multiplicity of molecular actions exerted by TFs, particularly the GR, is not only fascinating in terms of molecular structure, it also implies that the TFs participate in a wide range of regulatory processes, broader than anticipated. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk, on both current ideas and unresolved questions, and discusses the possible significance of the crosstalk for the physiologic and therapeutic actions of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Kassel
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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49
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Wang LH, Yang XY, Zhang X, Farrar WL. Inhibition of adhesive interaction between multiple myeloma and bone marrow stromal cells by PPARgamma cross talk with NF-kappaB and C/EBP. Blood 2007; 110:4373-84. [PMID: 17785586 PMCID: PMC2234797 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-038026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of multiple myeloma (MM) cells to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) triggers expression of adhesive molecules and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), promoting MM cell growth, survival, drug resistance, and migration, which highlights the possibility of developing and validating novel anti-MM therapeutic strategies targeting MM cells-host BMSC interactions and their sequelae. Recently, we have found that expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and its ligands can potently inhibit IL-6-regulated MM cell growth. Here we demonstrate that PPARgamma agonists 15-d-PGJ2 and troglitazone significantly suppress cell-cell adhesive events, including expression of adhesion molecules and IL-6 secretion from BMSCs triggered by adhesion of MM cells, as well as overcome drug resistance by a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism. The synthetic and natural PPARgamma agonists have diverging and overlapping mechanisms blocking transactivation of transcription factors NF-kappaB and 5'-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta). Both 15-d-PGJ2 and troglitazone blocked C/EBPbeta transcriptional activity by forming PPARgamma complexes with C/EBPbeta. 15-d-PGJ2 and troglitazone also blocked NF-kappaB activation by recruiting the coactivator PGC-1 from p65/p50 complexes. In addition, 15-d-PGJ2 had a non-PPARgamma-dependent effect by inactivation of phosphorylation of IKK and IkappaB. These studies provide the framework for PPARgamma-based pharmacological strategies targeting adhesive interactions of MM cells with the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hua Wang
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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50
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Li HJ, Haque Z, Lu Q, Li L, Karas R, Mendelsohn M. Steroid receptor coactivator 3 is a coactivator for myocardin, the regulator of smooth muscle transcription and differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:4065-70. [PMID: 17360478 PMCID: PMC1820709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611639104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) constitutes a key event in atherosclerosis, neointimal hyperplasia, and the response to vascular injury. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) mediates the protective effects of estrogen in injured blood vessels and regulates ligand-dependent gene expression in vascular cells. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating ERalpha-dependent VSMC gene expression and VSMC proliferation after vascular injury are not well defined. Here, we report that the ER coactivator steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) is also a coactivator for the major VSMC transcription factor myocardin, which is required for VSMC differentiation to the nonproliferative, contractile state. The N terminus of SRC3, which contains a basic helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-Sim protein-protein interaction domain, binds the C-terminal activation domain of myocardin and enhances myocardin-mediated transcriptional activation of VSMC-specific, CArG-containing promoters, including the VSMC-specific genes SM22 and myosin heavy chain. Suppression of endogenous SRC3 expression by specific small interfering RNA attenuates myocardin transcriptional activation in cultured cells. The SRC3-myocardin interaction identifies a site of convergence for nuclear hormone receptor-mediated and VSMC-specific gene regulation and suggests a possible mechanism for the vascular protective effects of estrogen on vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Joyce Li
- *Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Zaffar Haque
- *Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Qing Lu
- *Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Richard Karas
- *Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Michael Mendelsohn
- *Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
- Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy; and
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