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Loers G, Kleene R, Granato V, Bork U, Schachner M. Interaction of L1CAM with LC3 Is Required for L1-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth and Neuronal Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12531. [PMID: 37569906 PMCID: PMC10419456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (also called L1CAM or CD171) functions not only in cell migration, but also in cell survival, differentiation, myelination, neurite outgrowth, and signaling during nervous system development and in adults. The proteolytic cleavage of L1 in its extracellular domain generates soluble fragments which are shed into the extracellular space and transmembrane fragments that are internalized into the cell and transported to various organelles to regulate cellular functions. To identify novel intracellular interaction partners of L1, we searched for protein-protein interaction motifs and found two potential microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3)-interacting region (LIR) motifs within L1, one in its extracellular domain and one in its intracellular domain. By ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and proximity ligation assay using L1 mutant mice lacking the 70 kDa L1 fragment (L1-70), we showed that L1-70 interacts with LC3 via the extracellular LIR motif in the fourth fibronectin type III domain, but not by the motif in the intracellular domain. The disruption of the L1-LC3 interaction reduces L1-mediated neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viviana Granato
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ute Bork
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Stoyanova II, Lutz D. Functional Diversity of Neuronal Cell Adhesion and Recognition Molecule L1CAM through Proteolytic Cleavage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193085. [PMID: 36231047 PMCID: PMC9562852 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal cell adhesion and recognition molecule L1 does not only 'keep cells together' by way of homophilic and heterophilic interactions, but can also promote cell motility when cleaved into fragments by several proteases. It has largely been thought that such fragments are signs of degradation. Now, it is clear that proteolysis contributes to the pronounced functional diversity of L1, which we have reviewed in this work. L1 fragments generated at the plasma membrane are released into the extracellular space, whereas other membrane-bound fragments are internalised and enter the nucleus, thus conveying extracellular signals to the cell interior. Post-translational modifications on L1 determine the sequence of cleavage by proteases and the subcellular localisation of the generated fragments. Inside the neuronal cells, L1 fragments interact with various binding partners to facilitate morphogenic events, as well as regenerative processes. The stimulation of L1 proteolysis via injection of L1 peptides or proteases active on L1 or L1 mimetics is a promising tool for therapy of injured nervous systems. The collective findings gathered over the years not only shed light on the great functional diversity of L1 and its fragments, but also provide novel mechanistic insights into the adhesion molecule proteolysis that is active in the developing and diseased nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I. Stoyanova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Brain Ischemia Mechanisms, Research Institute, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (I.I.S.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lutz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum,
44801 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.I.S.); (D.L.)
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Gomes DE, Witwer KW. L1CAM-associated extracellular vesicles: A systematic review of nomenclature, sources, separation, and characterization. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e35. [PMID: 35492832 PMCID: PMC9045013 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
When released into biological fluids like blood or saliva, brain extracellular vesicles (EVs) might provide a window into otherwise inaccessible tissue, contributing useful biomarkers of neurodegenerative and other central nervous system (CNS) diseases. To enrich for brain EVs in the periphery, however, cell-specific EV surface markers are needed. The protein that has been used most frequently to obtain EVs of putative neuronal origin is the transmembrane L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM/CD171). In this systematic review, we examine the existing literature on L1CAM and EVs, including investigations of both neurodegenerative disease and cancer through the lens of the minimal information for studies of EVs (MISEV), specifically in the domains of nomenclature usage, EV sources, and EV separation and characterization. Although numerous studies have reported L1CAM-associated biomarker signatures that correlate with disease, interpretation of these results is complicated since L1CAM expression is not restricted to neurons and is also upregulated during cancer progression. A recent study has suggested that L1CAM epitopes are present in biofluids mostly or entirely as cleaved, soluble protein. Our findings on practices and trends in L1CAM-mediated EV separation, enrichment, and characterization yield insights that may assist with interpreting results, evaluating rigor, and suggesting avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitria E. Gomes
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Rahn S, Becker-Pauly C. Meprin and ADAM proteases as triggers of systemic inflammation in sepsis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:534-556. [PMID: 34762736 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory disorders (SIDs) comprise a broad range of diseases characterized by dysregulated excessive innate immune responses. Severe forms of SIDs can lead to organ failure and death, and their increasing incidence represents a major issue for the healthcare system. Protease-mediated ectodomain shedding of cytokines and their receptors represents a central mechanism in the regulation of inflammatory responses. The metalloprotease A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 is the best-characterized ectodomain sheddase capable of releasing TNF-α and soluble IL-6 receptor, which are decisive factors of systemic inflammation. Recently, meprin metalloproteases were also identified as IL-6 receptor sheddases and activators of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In different mouse models of SID, particularly those mimicking a sepsis-like phenotype, ADAM17 and meprins have been found to promote disease progression. In this review, we summarize the role of ADAM10, ADAM17, and meprins in the onset and progression of sepsis and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rahn
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
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5
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Kleene R, Loers G, Castillo G, Schachner M. Cell adhesion molecule L1 interacts with the chromo shadow domain of heterochromatin protein 1 isoforms α, β, and ɣ via its intracellular domain. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22074. [PMID: 34859928 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100816r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule L1 regulates multiple cell functions and L1 deficiency is linked to several neural diseases. Proteolytic processing generates functionally decisive L1 fragments, which are imported into the nucleus. By computational analysis, we found at L1's C-terminal end the chromo shadow domain-binding motif PxVxL, which directs the binding of nuclear proteins to the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) isoforms α, β, and ɣ. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we show that the intracellular L1 domain binds to all HP1 isoforms. These interactions involve the HP1 chromo shadow domain and are mediated via the sequence 1158 KDET1161 in the intracellular domain of murine L1, but not by L1's C-terminal PxVxL motif. Immunoprecipitation using nuclear extracts from the brain and from cultured cerebellar and cortical neurons indicates that HP1 isoforms interact with a yet unknown nuclear L1 fragment of approximately 55 kDa (L1-55), which carries ubiquitin residues. Proximity ligation indicates a close association between L1-55 and the HP1 isoforms in neuronal nuclei. This association is reduced after the treatment of neurons with inhibitors of metalloproteases, β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1), or ɣ-secretase, suggesting that cleavage of full-length L1 by these proteases generates L1-55. Reduction of HP1α, -β, or -ɣ expression by siRNA decreases L1-dependent neurite outgrowth from cultured cortical neurons and decreases the L1-dependent migration of L1-transfected HEK293 cells in a scratch assay. These findings indicate that the interaction of the novel fragment L1-55 with HP1 isoforms in nuclei affects L1-dependent functions, such as neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kleene
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gaston Castillo
- Research Group Biosynthesis of Neural Structures, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Rees M, Smith C, Barrett-Lee P, Hiscox S. PELP-1 regulates adverse responses to endocrine therapy in Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4722-4734. [PMID: 33473257 PMCID: PMC7771710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endocrine therapy has played an important role in the management of ER positive breast cancer over recent decades. Despite this, not all patients respond equally to endocrine intervention, which can lead to resistance, associated disease relapse and progression. Previous reports suggest that endocrine agents themselves may induce an invasive phenotype in ER positive breast cancers with low/aberrant expression of E-cadherin. Here we investigate this phenomenon further and provide data supporting a role for the ER co-receptor, PELP-1, in mediating an adverse response to endocrine agents. Materials and Methods: The effects of tamoxifen, fulvestrant and estrogen withdrawal (as a model for aromatase inhibitor therapy) on the invasive and migratory capacity of endocrine-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells, in the presence or absence of functional E-cadherin and/or PELP-1 (using siRNA knockdown), was assessed via Matrigel invasion and Boyden chamber migration assays. The effects of these endocrine therapies alongside E-cadherin/PELP-1 modulation on cell proliferation were further assessed by MTT assay. Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies was performed to investigate signalling pathway changes associated with endocrine-induced changes in invasion and migration. Results: Both tamoxifen and fulvestrant induced a pro-invasive and pro-migratory phenotype in ER positive breast cancer cells displaying a high basal expression of PELP-1, which was augmented in the context of poor cell-cell contact. This process occurred in a Src-dependent manner with Src inhibition reversing endocrine induced invasion/migration. While this adverse response was observed using both tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapy, it was not observed under conditions of estrogen withdrawal. Conclusions: Our data confirms previous reports that anti-estrogens induce an adverse cell phenotype in ER+ breast cancer, particularly in the absence of homotypic cell contact. These results implicate E-cadherin and PELP-1 as potential biomarkers when deciding upon optimum adjuvant endocrine therapy, whereby tumours with high PELP-1/low E-cadherin expression may benefit from estrogen withdrawal therapy via aromatase inhibition, as opposed to ER modulation/antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rees
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Smith
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Steve Hiscox
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Tadvalkar G, Pal-Ghosh S, Pajoohesh-Ganji A, Stepp MA. The impact of euthanasia and enucleation on mouse corneal epithelial axon density and nerve terminal morphology. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:821-828. [PMID: 32798735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Here we study the impact of using either CO2 gas or cervical dislocation (CD) for euthanasia and using different techniques to enucleate the eye on preserving axonal density and morphology of the intraepithelial corneal nerves (ICNs). OBJECTIVES To determine whether using CO2 gas or CD for euthanasia and enucleating by cutting or pulling eyes out impacts axon density and nerve terminal morphology in the mouse cornea. METHODS Mice were euthanized by CO2 gas or CD; the impact of delaying fixation for 5 min post-euthanasia was also assessed. We tested two different techniques to enucleate the eyes: cutting the optic nerve by curved scissors or pulling the eye out. A minimum of 10 corneas from 5 male and female BALB/c mice were used for each variable. Axons and intraepithelial corneal nerve terminals (ICNTs) were visualized utilizing βIII tubulin and L1CAM and quantified using confocal microscopy. RESULTS The variations seen in axon density between individual mice are not gender- or euthanasia-dependent. A significant reduction in axon density and loss of ICNT morphology are observed in eyes enucleated by pulling the optic nerve out. Similar results are obtained in male and female mice. CONCLUSION While the variations tested in euthanasia do not affect axon density in male and female mouse corneas, enucleation by proptosing and gently cutting out the eyes yields increased axon density and improved ICNT morphology compared to pulling eyes out and leaving the optic nerve attached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Tadvalkar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037, USA
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037, USA
| | - Ahdeah Pajoohesh-Ganji
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037, USA.
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8
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Girbes Minguez M, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Lutz D, Buck F, Schachner M, Kleene R. The cell adhesion molecule L1 interacts with nuclear proteins via its intracellular domain. FASEB J 2020; 34:9869-9883. [PMID: 32533745 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902242r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of the cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1) in brain tissue and in cultured cerebellar neurons results in the generation and nuclear import of a 30 kDa fragment comprising most of L1's C-terminal, intracellular domain. In search of molecules that interact with this domain, we performed affinity chromatography with the recombinant intracellular L1 domain and a nuclear extract from mouse brains, and identified potential nuclear L1 binding partners involved in transcriptional regulation, RNA processing and transport, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. By co-immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant proteins, we verified the direct interaction between L1 and the nuclear binding partners non-POU domain containing octamer-binding protein and splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich. The proximity ligation assay confirmed this close interaction in cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Our findings suggest that L1 fragments regulate multiple nuclear functions in the nervous system. We discuss possible physiological and pathological roles of these interactions in regulation of chromatin structure, gene expression, RNA processing, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Girbes Minguez
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Buck
- Zentrum für Diagnostik, Institut für Klinische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Zingoni A, Vulpis E, Loconte L, Santoni A. NKG2D Ligand Shedding in Response to Stress: Role of ADAM10. Front Immunol 2020; 11:447. [PMID: 32269567 PMCID: PMC7109295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2D is an activating receptor expressed by NK cells and some subsets of T cells and represents a major recognition receptor for detection and elimination of cancer cells. The ligands of NKG2D are stress-induced self-proteins that can be secreted as soluble molecules by protease-mediated cleavage. The release of NKG2D ligands in the extracellular milieu is considered a mode of finely controlling their surface expression levels and represents a relevant immune evasion mechanism employed by cancer cells to elude NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), a catalytically active member of the ADAM family of proteases, is involved in the cleavage of some NKG2D ligands in various types of cancer cells either in steady state conditions and in response to an ample variety of stress stimuli. Appealing immunotherapeutic strategies devoted to promoting NK cell-mediated recognition and elimination of cancer cells are based on the upregulation of NK cell activating ligands. In particular, activation of DNA damage response (DDR) and the induction of cellular senescence by chemotherapeutic agents are associated with increased expression of NKG2D ligands on cancer cell surface. Herein, we will review advances on the protease-mediated cleavage of NKG2D ligands in response to chemotherapy-induced stress focusing on: (i) the role played by ADAM10 in this process and (ii) the implications of NKG2D ligand shedding in the course of cancer therapy and in senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zingoni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vulpis
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Loconte
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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10
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Maten MVD, Reijnen C, Pijnenborg JMA, Zegers MM. L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule in Cancer, a Systematic Review on Domain-Specific Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174180. [PMID: 31455004 PMCID: PMC6747497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a glycoprotein involved in cancer development and is associated with metastases and poor prognosis. Cellular processing of L1CAM results in expression of either full-length or cleaved forms of the protein. The different forms of L1CAM may localize at the plasma membrane as a transmembrane protein, or in the intra- or extracellular environment as cleaved or exosomal forms. Here, we systematically analyze available literature that directly relates to L1CAM domains and associated signaling pathways in cancer. Specifically, we chart its domain-specific functions in relation to cancer progression, and outline pre-clinical assays used to assess L1CAM. It is found that full-length L1CAM has both intracellular and extracellular targets, including interactions with integrins, and linkage with ezrin. Cellular processing leading to proteolytic cleavage and/or exosome formation results in extracellular soluble forms of L1CAM that may act through similar mechanisms as compared to full-length L1CAM, such as integrin-dependent signals, but also through distinct mechanisms. We provide an algorithm to guide a step-wise analysis on L1CAM in clinical samples, to promote interpretation of domain-specific expression. This systematic review infers that L1CAM has an important role in cancer progression that can be attributed to domain-specific forms. Most studies focus on the full-length plasma membrane L1CAM, yet knowledge on the domain-specific forms is a prerequisite for selective targeting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van der Maten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Reijnen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M A Pijnenborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam M Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Linneberg C, Toft CLF, Kjaer-Sorensen K, Laursen LS. L1cam-mediated developmental processes of the nervous system are differentially regulated by proteolytic processing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3716. [PMID: 30842511 PMCID: PMC6403279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development depends on tight temporal and spatial regulation of connections between cells. Mutations in L1cam, a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that mediate cell-cell contacts through homo- and heterophilic interactions, are associated with several developmental abnormalities of the nervous system, including mental retardation, limb spasticity, hydrocephalus, and corpus callosum aplasia. L1cam has been reported to be shed from the cell surface, but the significance of this during different phases of brain development is unknown. We here show that ADAM10-mediated shedding of L1cam is regulated by its fibronectin type III (FNIII) domains. Specifically, the third FNIII domain is important for maintaining a conformation where access to a membrane proximal cleavage site is restricted. To define the role of ADAM10/17/BACE1-mediated shedding of L1cam during brain development, we used a zebrafish model system. Knockdown of the zebrafish, l1camb, caused hydrocephalus, defects in axonal outgrowth, and myelination abnormalities. Rescue experiments with proteinase-resistant and soluble L1cam variants showed that proteolytic cleavage is not required for normal axonal outgrowth and development of the ventricular system. In contrast, metalloproteinase-mediated shedding is required for efficient myelination, and only specific fragments are able to mediate this stimulatory function of the shedded L1cam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Linneberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Liebst Frisk Toft
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kjaer-Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth S Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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12
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Wu JD, Hong CQ, Huang WH, Wei XL, Zhang F, Zhuang YX, Zhang YQ, Zhang GJ. L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule and Its Soluble Form sL1 Exhibit Poor Prognosis in Primary Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e851-e861. [PMID: 29510897 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) and its soluble form sL1 play a prominent role in invasion and metastasis in several cancers. However, its association with breast cancer is still unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed L1-CAM expression and serum sL1 levels in cancer and para-carcinoma tissues from 162 consecutive patients with primary invasive breast cancer (PBC) using immunohistochemistry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The serum sL1 levels were also examined in 38 patients with benign breast disease and 36 healthy controls. RESULTS L1-CAM was expressed more frequently in cancer tissues than in para-carcinoma tissues (24.1% vs. 5.6%; P < .001), and the mean sL1 levels were significantly greater in PBC than in those with benign breast disease and healthy controls (P = .027). Both L1-CAM+ expression and higher mean sL1 levels correlated significantly with larger tumor size, lymph node involvement, higher histologic grade, advanced TNM stage, and shorter disease-free survival for PBC patients. Moreover, higher mean sL1 levels were also significantly associated with estrogen receptor-α-negative expression, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) expression, HER2-enriched and triple-negative molecular subtypes, and L1-CAM+ expression (P < .05). On multivariate analysis, larger tumor size, nodal involvement, HER2+, and higher sL1 levels (≥ 0.7 ng/mL) were independent factors associated with L1-CAM+ expression (P < .05). No association was found between L1-CAM expression or sL1 level with age, gender, histologic type, or expression of progesterone receptor, Ki-67, p53, or vascular endothelial growth factor C (P > .05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that L1-CAM and sL1 are elevated in PBC and both might affect the prognosis of PBC patients. In addition, sL1 might be a useful marker for screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dong Wu
- The Breast Center, Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-He Huang
- The Breast Center, Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhuang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Qu Zhang
- The Breast Center, Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Harun-Or-Rashid M, Hallböök F. Alpha 2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Brimonidine Stimulates ERK1/2 and AKT Signaling via Transactivation of EGF Receptors in the Human MIO-M1 Müller Cell Line. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:34-45. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1516783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Finn Hallböök
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Inaguma S, Wang Z, Lasota JP, Miettinen MM. Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (CD171) in neuroectodermal and other tumors: An immunohistochemical study of 5155 tumors and critical evaluation of CD171 prognostic value in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55276-55289. [PMID: 27419370 PMCID: PMC5338914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (CD171) is a multidomain type 1 membrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily important in the nervous system development, kidney morphogenesis, and maintenance of the immune system. Recent studies reported CD171 expression being associated with adverse clinical outcome in different types of cancer and there has been a growing interest in targeting this cell membrane molecule on neoplastic cells by chimeric antigen receptor redirected T lymphocytes or specific antibodies. Nevertheless, conflicting results regarding the prognostic value of CD171 expression in renal cell carcinomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors were published. In this study, CD171 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in 5155 epithelial, mesenchymal, melanocytic, and lymphohematopoietic tumors to assess its utility in diagnostic pathology and to pinpoint potential targets for CD171-targeting therapy. A newly developed anti-CD171 rabbit monoclonal antibody, clone 014, was selected from the panel of commercially available CD171 antibodies. Immunohistochemistry was performed using Leica Bond Max automation and multitumor blocks containing up to 60 tumor samples. CD171 was constitutively and strongly expressed in neuroectodermal tumors such as schwannoma, neuroblastoma, and paraganglioma, whereas other mesenchymal tumors including schwannoma mimics showed only rarely CD171 positivity. Frequent CD171-expression was also detected in ovarian serous carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, and testicular embryonal carcinoma. CD171 immunohistochemistry may have some role in immunophenotypic differential diagnosis of neurogenic tumors and pinpointing potential candidates for anti-CD171 therapy. Though, because of its rare expression and lack of predictive value, CD171 is neither a diagnostic nor prognostic marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Zengfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerzy P Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Wojciechowski M, Głowacka E, Wilczyński M, Pękala-Wojciechowska A, Malinowski A. The sL1CAM in sera of patients with endometrial and ovarian cancers. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:225-232. [PMID: 27832351 PMCID: PMC5225192 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE L1CAM is a cell adhesion molecule suspected to play an important role in carcinogenesis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the level of soluble L1CAM in the sera of patients with endometrial and ovarian carcinomas and verify the feasibility of the sL1CAM as a marker of these carcinomas. METHODS 35 endometrial and 18 ovarian cancer patients were enrolled in the study. 43 patients with benign gynecological conditions constituted a control group. The sL1CAM serum level was measured with ELISA test in each patient and it was referred to the data from the surgical staging of the cancers. RESULTS The sL1CAM serum level was significantly lower in patients with endometrial cancer than in healthy women and slightly lower in the ovarian cancer group than in the control group. In the endometrial cancer group there was no correlation between sL1CAM concentration and cancer histopathology, stage or grade. sL1CAM concentration positively correlated with ovarian cancer stage and (not significantly) with grade. CONCLUSIONS Despite the increasing data about the possible role of L1CAM as a strong prognostic factor of poor outcome in many cancers, we did not find evidence supporting the use of sL1CAM as a marker of endometrial or ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wojciechowski
- Department of Surgical, Endoscopic Gynecology and Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281/283 Rzgowska St., 93-338, Łódź, Poland.
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Ewa Głowacka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical, Endoscopic Gynecology and Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281/283 Rzgowska St., 93-338, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Malinowski
- Department of Surgical, Endoscopic Gynecology and Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281/283 Rzgowska St., 93-338, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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16
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Harun-Or-Rashid M, Konjusha D, Galindo-Romero C, Hallböök F. Endothelin B Receptors on Primary Chicken Müller Cells and the Human MIO-M1 Müller Cell Line Activate ERK Signaling via Transactivation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167778. [PMID: 27930693 PMCID: PMC5145189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to the eye or retina triggers Müller cells, the major glia cell of the retina, to dedifferentiate and proliferate. In some species they attain retinal progenitor properties and have the capacity to generate new neurons. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) system and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling are key regulators of these processes in Müller cells. The extracellular signals that modulate and control these processes are not fully understood. In this work we studied whether endothelin receptor signaling can activate EGFR and ERK signaling in Müller cells. Endothelin expression is robustly upregulated at retinal injury and endothelin receptors have been shown to transactivate EGFRs in other cell types. We analyzed the endothelin signaling system in chicken retina and cultured primary chicken Müller cells as well as the human Müller cell line MIO-M1. The Müller cells were stimulated with receptor agonists and treated with specific blockers to key enzymes in the signaling pathway or with siRNAs. We focused on endothelin receptor mediated transactivation of EGFRs by using western blot analysis, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and immunocytochemistry. The results showed that chicken Müller cells and the human Müller cell line MIO-M1 express endothelin receptor B. Stimulation by the endothelin receptor B agonist IRL1620 triggered phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and autophosphorylation of (Y1173) EGFR. The effects could be blocked by Src-kinase inhibitors (PP1, PP2), EGFR-inhibitor (AG1478), EGFR-siRNA and by inhibitors to extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (GM6001), consistent with a Src-kinase mediated endothelin receptor response that engage ligand-dependent and ligand-independent EGFR activation. Our data suggest a mechanism for how injury-induced endothelins, produced in the retina, may modulate the Müller cell responses by Src-mediated transactivation of EGFRs. The data give support to a view in which endothelins among several other functions, serve as an injury-signal that regulate the gliotic response of Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dardan Konjusha
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Finn Hallböök
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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17
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CXCR6 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma supports metastatic process via modulating metalloproteinases. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9985-98. [PMID: 25888629 PMCID: PMC4496412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LuCa) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide regardless of the gender. High mortality associated with LuCa is due to metastasis, molecular mechanisms of which are yet to be defined. Here, we present evidence that chemokine receptor CXCR6 and its only natural ligand, CXCL16, are significantly expressed by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are involved in the pathobiology of LuCa. CXCR6 expression was significantly higher in two subtypes of NSCLC (adenocarcinomas-ACs and squamous cell carcinoma-SCCs) as compared to non-neoplastic tissue. Additionally, serum CXCL16 was significantly elevated in LuCa cases as compared to healthy controls. Similar to CXCR6 tissue expression, serum level of CXCL16 in AC patients was significantly higher than SCC patients. Biological significance of this axis was validated using SCC and AC cell lines. Expression of CXCR6 was higher in AC cells, which also showed higher migratory and invasive potential than SCC. Differences in migratory and invasive potential between AC and SCC were due to differential expression of metalloproteinases following CXCL16 stimulation. Hence, our findings suggest clinical and biological significance of CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in LuCa, which could be used as potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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18
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Cell Adhesion Molecules and Ubiquitination-Functions and Significance. BIOLOGY 2015; 5:biology5010001. [PMID: 26703751 PMCID: PMC4810158 DOI: 10.3390/biology5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily represent the biggest group of cell adhesion molecules. They have been analyzed since approximately 40 years ago and most of them have been shown to play a role in tumor progression and in the nervous system. All members of the Ig superfamily are intensively posttranslationally modified. However, many aspects of their cellular functions are not yet known. Since a few years ago it is known that some of the Ig superfamily members are modified by ubiquitin. Ubiquitination has classically been described as a proteasomal degradation signal but during the last years it became obvious that it can regulate many other processes including internalization of cell surface molecules and lysosomal sorting. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the ubiquitination of cell adhesion molecules of the Ig superfamily and to discuss its potential physiological roles in tumorigenesis and in the nervous system.
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19
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Altevogt P, Doberstein K, Fogel M. L1CAM in human cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1565-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
| | - Kai Doberstein
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mina Fogel
- Central Laboratories; Kaplan Medical Center; Rehovot Israel
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20
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Tojima T, Kamiguchi H. Exocytic and endocytic membrane trafficking in axon development. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:291-304. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Tojima
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms; RIKEN Brain Science Institute; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms; RIKEN Brain Science Institute; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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21
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Doberstein K, Milde-Langosch K, Bretz NP, Schirmer U, Harari A, Witzel I, Ben-Arie A, Hubalek M, Müller-Holzner E, Reinold S, Zeimet AG, Altevogt P, Fogel M. L1CAM is expressed in triple-negative breast cancers and is inversely correlated with androgen receptor. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:958. [PMID: 25510351 PMCID: PMC4301892 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease displaying distinct molecular features and clinical outcome. The molecular profile of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) overlaps with that of basal-like breast cancers that in turn show similarities with high-grade serous ovarian and endometrial carcinoma. L1CAM is an established biomarker for the latter cancers and we showed before that approximately 18% of primary breast cancers are positive for L1CAM and have a bad prognosis. Here we analysed the expression of L1CAM breast cancer subtypes. Methods We analyzed mRNA and protein expression data from different breast cancer cohorts for L1CAM, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Her-2 and Androgen receptor (AR) and correlated the data. We performed Western blot analysis on tumor cell lysates and carried out chromatin-immuno-precipitation (CHIP) after AR overexpression. Results We find that L1CAM is expressed preferentially though not exclusively in TNBCs. Using the human cancer genome atlas database and two independent breast cancer cohorts we find that L1CAM is inversely correlated with androgen receptor (AR) expression. We found that L1CAMhighARlow primary breast tumors have the worst clinical outcome. Overexpression of AR in MDA-MB436 breast cancer cells decreased L1CAM expression at the protein and mRNA level and CHIP-analysis revealed binding of AR to the L1CAM promoter region. Conclusions These results suggest that L1CAM in breast cancer is under AR control. The data also strongly advocate the use of L1CAM assessment in breast cancer diagnosis. We suggest that L1CAM expression could be causally related to the bad prognosis of TNBCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-958) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Altevogt
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Harter PN, Baumgarten P, Zinke J, Schilling K, Baader S, Hartmetz AK, Schittenhelm J, Beschorner R, Liebner S, Schulte D, Plate KH, Gutwein P, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Jones DTW, Doberstein K, Mittelbronn M. Paired box gene 8 (PAX8) expression is associated with sonic hedgehog (SHH)/wingless int (WNT) subtypes, desmoplastic histology and patient survival in human medulloblastomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2014; 41:165-79. [PMID: 25287489 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The paired box gene 8 (PAX8) plays crucial roles in organ patterning and cellular differentiation during development and tumorigenesis. Although its function is partly understood in vertebrate development, there is poor data concerning human central nervous system (CNS) development and brain tumours. METHODS We investigated developing human (n = 19) and mouse (n = 3) brains as well as medulloblastomas (MBs) (n = 113) for PAX8 expression by immunohistochemistry. Human MB cell lines were assessed for PAX8 expression using polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting and analysed for growth and migration following PAX8 knock-down by small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). RESULTS PAX8 protein expression was associated with germinal layers in human and murine forebrain and hindbrain development. PAX8 expression significantly decreased over time in the external granule cell layer but increased in the internal granule cell layer. In MB subtypes, we observed an association of PAX8 expression with sonic hedgehog (SHH) and wingless int subtypes but not with group 3 and 4 MBs. Beyond that, we detected high PAX8 levels in desmoplastic MB subtypes. Univariate analyses revealed high PAX8 levels as a prognostic factor associated with a significantly better patient prognosis in human MB (overall survival: Log-Rank P = 0.0404, Wilcoxon P = 0.0280; progression-free survival: Log-Rank P = 0.0225; Wilcoxon P = 0.0136). In vitro assays revealed increased proliferation and migration of MB cell lines after PAX8 siRNA knock-down. CONCLUSION In summary, high PAX8 expression is linked to better prognosis in MBs potentially by suppressing both proliferative and migratory properties of MB cells. The distinct spatio-temporal expression pattern of PAX8 during brain development might contribute to the understanding of distinct MB subtype histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Doberstein K, Harter PN, Haberkorn U, Bretz NP, Arnold B, Carretero R, Moldenhauer G, Mittelbronn M, Altevogt P. Antibody therapy to human L1CAM in a transgenic mouse model blocks local tumor growth but induces EMT. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E326-39. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Doberstein
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Niko P. Bretz
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- Molecular Immunology, D050, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rafael Carretero
- Molecular Immunology, D050, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gerhard Moldenhauer
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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24
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Teshima T, Onoe H, Kuribayashi-Shigetomi K, Aonuma H, Kamiya K, Ishihara H, Kanuka H, Takeuchi S. Parylene mobile microplates integrated with an enzymatic release for handling of single adherent cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:912-921. [PMID: 24123995 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An approach for manipulating single adherent cells is developed that is integrated with an enzymatic batch release. This strategy uses an array of releasable microfabricated mobile substrates, termed microplates, formed from a biocompatible polymer, parylene. A parylene microplate array of 10-70 μm in diameter can be formed on an alginate hydrogel sacrificial layer by using a standard photolithographic process. The parylene surfaces are modified with fibronectin to enhance cell attachment, growth, and stretching. To load single cells onto these microplates, cells are initially placed in suspension at an optimized seeding density and are allowed to settle, stretch, and grow on individual microplates. The sacrificial layer underneath the microplate array can be dissolved on a time-scale of several seconds without cytotoxicity. This system allows the inspection of selected single adherent cells. The ability to assess single cells while maintaining their adhesive properties will broaden the examination of a variety of attributes, such as cell shape and cytoskeletal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Teshima
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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25
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Moro N, Mauch C, Zigrino P. Metalloproteinases in melanoma. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:23-9. [PMID: 24530009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour cell adhesion, motility, proteolytic activities and cell receptors have important roles in cancer invasion. These processes are involved from early development of melanoma within the epidermis, to tumour cell invasion of the underlying tissue until intravasation of lymphatic or blood vessels, and thereafter, dissemination into distant organs occur. The activity of several proteolytic enzymes was shown to be pivotal in promoting melanoma cell invasion. These enzymes not only remodel the extracellular matrix, but also release active factors and shed cell surface receptors thereby mediating melanoma cross-communication with their microenvironment. This leads to the generation of a favourable environment for melanoma growth. Several proteases are involved in melanoma invasion and include serine, cysteine proteases, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and the disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs). This study summarises the current knowledge on the role of metalloproteinases, MMPs and ADAMs, in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Moro
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Germany.
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26
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Nagaraj K, Mualla R, Hortsch M. The L1 Family of Cell Adhesion Molecules: A Sickening Number of Mutations and Protein Functions. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 8:195-229. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8090-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Yuan S, Lei S, Wu S. ADAM10 is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma and contributes to the proliferation, invasion and migration of HepG2 cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1715-22. [PMID: 23912592 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) has been found to be closely associated with the development and progression of various types of tumors. However, ADAM10 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its significance remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of ADAM10 in human HCC and the effect of ADAM10 gene silencing by siRNA on the proliferation, invasion and migration of HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of ADAM10 in human HCC tissues and in the adjacent non-cancer tissues from 30 patients with HCC. RNA interference was used to knock down ADAM10 expression in HepG2 human hepatoma cells and the proliferation and migration as well as the invasive ability of the treated cells were observed in vitro. The expression of ADAM10 protein in HCC tissues was significantly higher when compared to that in adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). The high expression of ADAM10 in cancer was significantly correlated with clinical outcomes (P<0.05). Silencing of ADAM10 resulted in inhibition of proliferation and migration as well as invasion of HepG2 human hepatoma cells (P<0.05). These studies suggest that ADAM10 plays an important role in regulating proliferation, invasion and migration of HepG2 cells. High expression of ADAM10 may be a valuable predictive factor for HCC prognosis, and ADAM10 is potentially an important therapeutic target for the prevention of tumor development and progression in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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28
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Pan Y, Han C, Wang C, Hu G, Luo C, Gan X, Zhang F, Lu Y, Ding X. ADAM10 promotes pituitary adenoma cell migration by regulating cleavage of CD44 and L1. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 49:21-33. [PMID: 22586143 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ADAM10 is a metalloproteinase that regulates invasiveness in many tumors. Here, we found that ADAM10 expression correlates with the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas and contributes to invasion by cleaving L1 and CD44. In high-grade pituitary adenoma patients, ADAM10 expression levels were found to be elevated compared with low-grade pituitary adenomas. In a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated pituitary adenoma cell line, AtT-20 cells, we found that the cleavage of L1 was correspondingly enhanced with the increased interaction between Src and Shc. Increases in PMA-induced L1 cleavage and the phosphorylation of residue 418 of Src (418Src) were promoted by overexpression of ADAM10. Inversely, knockdown of Adam10 suppressed PMA-induced L1 cleavage and the phosphorylation of Src, which was blocked by the Src inhibitor PP2 and the MEK inhibitor PD98059. On the other hand, calcium flux activation in AtT-20 cells resulted in increased CD44 cleavage, with reduction of the interaction between calmodulin and ADAM10. The induction of enhanced CD44 cleavage by calcium flux activation was inhibited by knockdown of Adam10. In addition, Adam10 knockdown repressed AtT-20 cell migration, which was reversed by CD44EXT (CD44 ectodomain cleavage). Collectively, these data indicated that ADAM10 facilitated cell migration through modulation of CD44 and L1 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
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Kiefel H, Bondong S, Pfeifer M, Schirmer U, Erbe-Hoffmann N, Schäfer H, Sebens S, Altevogt P. EMT-associated up-regulation of L1CAM provides insights into L1CAM-mediated integrin signalling and NF-κB activation. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1919-29. [PMID: 22764136 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is associated with poor prognosis in a variety of human carcinomas including breast, ovarian and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recently we reported that L1CAM induces sustained nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation by augmenting the autocrine production of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), a process dependent on interaction of L1CAM with integrins. In the present study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) treatment of breast carcinoma (MDA-MB231) and PDAC (BxPc3) cell lines induces an EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition)-like phenotype and leads to the expression of L1CAM. In MDA-MB231 cells, up-regulation of L1CAM augmented expression of IL-1β and NF-κB activation, which was reversed by depletion of L1CAM, L1CAM-binding membrane cytoskeleton linker protein ezrin, β1-integrin or focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Over-expression of L1CAM not only induced NF-κB activation but also mediated the phosphorylation of FAK and Src. Phosphorylation was not induced in cells expressing a mutant form of L1CAM (L1-RGE) devoid of the integrin-binding site. FAK- and Src-phosphorylation were inhibited by knock-down of various components of the integrin signalling pathway such as β1- and α5-integrins, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), FAK and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit p110β. In summary, these results reveal that during EMT, L1CAM promotes IL-1β expression through a process dependent on integrin signalling and supports a motile and invasive tumour cell phenotype. We also identify important novel downstream effector molecules of the L1CAM-integrin signalling crosstalk that help to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying L1CAM-promoted tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kiefel
- German Cancer Research CenterIm Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kiefel H, Bondong S, Hazin J, Ridinger J, Schirmer U, Riedle S, Altevogt P. L1CAM: a major driver for tumor cell invasion and motility. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:374-84. [PMID: 22796939 DOI: 10.4161/cam.20832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays a major role in the development of the nervous system and in the malignancy of human tumors. In terms of biological function, L1CAM comes along in two different flavors: (1) a static function as a cell adhesion molecule that acts as a glue between cells; (2) a motility promoting function that drives cell migration during neural development and supports metastasis of human cancers. Important factors that contribute to the switch in the functional mode of L1CAM are: (1) the cleavage from the cell surface by membrane proximal proteolysis and (2) the ability to change binding partners and engage in L1CAM-integrin binding. Recent studies have shown that the cleavage of L1CAM by metalloproteinases and the binding of L1CAM to integrins via its RGD-motif in the sixth Ig-domain activate signaling pathways distinct from the ones elicited by homophilic binding. Here we highlight important features of L1CAM proteolysis and the signaling of L1CAM via integrin engagement. The novel insights into L1CAM downstream signaling and its regulation during tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) will lead to a better understanding of the dualistic role of L1CAM as a cell adhesion and/or motility promoting cell surface molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kiefel
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Blessmann M, Gröbe A, Quaas A, Kaifi JT, Mistakidis G, Bernreuther C, Sauter G, Gros S, Rawnaq T, Friedrich R, Mautner VF, Smeets R, Heiland M, Schachner M, Izbicki JR. Adhesion molecule L1 is down-regulated in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors versus benign neurofibromatosis type 1–associated tumors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 113:239-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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L1CAM protein expression is associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:127. [PMID: 21985405 PMCID: PMC3198986 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is potentially involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT marker expression is of prognostic significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relevance of L1CAM for NSCLC is unclear. We investigated the protein expression of L1CAM in a cohort of NSCLC patients. L1CAM protein expression was correlated with clinico-pathological parameters including survival and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Results L1CAM protein expression was found in 25% of squamous cell carcinomas and 24% of adenocarcinomas and correlated with blood vessel invasion and metastasis (p < 0.05). L1CAM was an independent predictor of survival in a multivariate analysis including pT, pN, and pM category, and tumor differentiation grade. L1CAM expression positively correlated with vimentin, beta-catenin, and slug, but inversely with E-cadherin (all p-values < 0.05). E-cadherin expression was higher in the tumor center than in the tumor periphery, whereas L1CAM and vimentin were expressed at the tumor-stroma interface. In L1CAM-negative A549 cells the L1CAM expression was upregulated and matrigel invasion was increased after stimulation with TGF-beta1. In L1CAM-positive SK-LU-1 and SK-LC-LL cells matrigel invasion was decreased after L1CAM siRNA knockdown. Conclusions A subset of NSCLCs with vessel tropism and increased metastasis aberrantly expresses L1CAM. L1CAM is a novel prognostic marker for NSCLCs that is upregulated by EMT induction and appears to be instrumental for enhanced cell invasion.
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Deng W, Srinivasan S, Zheng X, Putkey JA, Li R. Interaction of calmodulin with L-selectin at the membrane interface: implication on the regulation of L-selectin shedding. J Mol Biol 2011; 411:220-33. [PMID: 21664913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The calmodulin (CaM) hypothesis of ectodomain shedding stipulates that CaM, an intracellular Ca²⁺-dependent regulatory protein, associates with the cytoplasmic domain of L-selectin to regulate ectodomain shedding of L-selectin on the other side of the plasma membrane. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we have characterized the interactions of CaM with two peptides derived from human L-selectin. The peptide ARR18 corresponds to the entire cytoplasmic domain of L-selectin (residues Ala317-Tyr334 in the mature protein), and CLS corresponds to residues Lys280-Tyr334, which contains the entire transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of l-selectin. Monitoring the interaction by fluorescence spectroscopy and other biophysical techniques, we found that CaM can bind to ARR18 in aqueous solutions or the L-selectin cytoplasmic domain of CLS reconstituted in the phosphatidylcholine bilayer, both with an affinity of approximately 2 μM. The association is calcium independent and dynamic and involves both lobes of CaM. In a phospholipid bilayer, the positively charged L-selectin cytoplasmic domain of CLS is associated with anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids at the membrane interface through electrostatic interactions. Under conditions where the PS content mimics that in the inner leaflet of the cell plasma membrane, the interaction between CaM and CLS becomes undetectable. These results suggest that the association of CaM with L-selectin in the cell can be influenced by the membrane bilayer and that anionic lipids may modulate ectodomain shedding of transmembrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hayashida K, Bartlett AH, Chen Y, Park PW. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of ectodomain shedding. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:925-37. [PMID: 20503387 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular domain of several membrane-anchored proteins is released from the cell surface as soluble proteins through a regulated proteolytic mechanism called ectodomain shedding. Cells use ectodomain shedding to actively regulate the expression and function of surface molecules, and modulate a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes. Ectodomain shedding rapidly converts membrane-associated proteins into soluble effectors and, at the same time, rapidly reduces the level of cell surface expression. For some proteins, ectodomain shedding is also a prerequisite for intramembrane proteolysis, which liberates the cytoplasmic domain of the affected molecule and associated signaling factors to regulate transcription. Ectodomain shedding is a process that is highly regulated by specific agonists, antagonists, and intracellular signaling pathways. Moreover, only about 2% of cell surface proteins are released from the surface by ectodomain shedding, indicating that cells selectively shed their protein ectodomains. This review will describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ectodomain shedding, and discuss its major functions in lung development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hayashida
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hung SC, Wu IH, Hsue SS, Liao CH, Wang HC, Chuang PH, Sung SY, Hsieh CL. Targeting L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Using Lentivirus-Mediated Short Hairpin RNA Interference Reverses Aggressiveness of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:2312-23. [DOI: 10.1021/mp1002834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Chen Hung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hui Wu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Sang Hsue
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li Y, Galileo DS. Soluble L1CAM promotes breast cancer cell adhesion and migration in vitro, but not invasion. Cancer Cell Int 2010; 10:34. [PMID: 20840789 PMCID: PMC2949617 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural recognition molecule L1CAM, which is a key protein involved in early nervous system development, is known to be abnormally expressed and shed in several types of cancers where it participates in metastasis and progression. The distinction of L1CAM presence in cancerous vs. normal tissues has suggested it to be a new target for cancer treatment. Our current study focused on the potential role of soluble L1CAM in breast cancer cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, migration, and invasion. Results We found L1 expression levels were correlated with breast cancer stage of progression in established data sets of clinical samples, and also were high in more metastatic breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, but low in less migratory MDA-MB-468 cells. Proteolysis of L1 into its soluble form (sL1) was detected in cell culture medium from all three above cell lines, and can be induced by PMA activation. Over-expression of the L1 ectodomain in MDA-MB-468 cells by using a lentiviral vector greatly increased the amount of sL1 released by those cells. Concomitantly, cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and cell transmigration ability were significantly promoted, while cell invasion ability through Matrigel™ remained unaffected. On the other hand, attenuating L1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells by using a shRNA lentiviral vector resulted in reduced cell-matrix adhesion and transmigration. Similar effects were also shown by monoclonal antibody blocking of the L1 extracellular region. Moreover, sL1 in conditioned cell culture medium induced a directional migration of MDA-MB-468 cells, which could be neutralized by antibody treatment. Conclusions Our data provides new evidence for the function of L1CAM and its soluble form in promoting cancer cell adhesion to ECM and cell migration. Thus, L1CAM is validated further to be a potential early diagnostic marker in breast cancer progression and a target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
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Schäfer MKE, Altevogt P. L1CAM malfunction in the nervous system and human carcinomas. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2425-37. [PMID: 20237819 PMCID: PMC11115577 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research over the last 25 years on the cell adhesion molecule L1 has revealed its pivotal role in nervous system function. Mutations of the human L1CAM gene have been shown to cause neurodevelopmental disorders such as X-linked hydrocephalus, spastic paraplegia and mental retardation. Impaired L1 function has been also implicated in the aetiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, defective enteric nervous system development and malformations of the renal system. Importantly, aberrant expression of L1 has emerged as a critical factor in the development of human carcinomas, where it enhances cell proliferation, motility and chemoresistance. This discovery promoted collaborative work between tumour biologists and neurobiologists, which has led to a substantial expansion of the basic knowledge about L1 function and regulation. Here we provide an overview of the pathological conditions caused by L1 malfunction. We further discuss how the available data on gene regulation, molecular interactions and posttranslational processing of L1 may contribute to a better understanding of associated neurological and cancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K E Schäfer
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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L1CAM-integrin interaction induces constitutive NF-kappaB activation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells by enhancing IL-1beta expression. Oncogene 2010; 29:4766-78. [PMID: 20543863 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) overexpression is often associated with bad prognosis in various human carcinomas. Recent studies also suggest a role of L1CAM in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). To further address its contribution, we expressed functional domains of L1CAM in PT45-P1 PDAC cells. We found that L1CAM that is full length (L1-FL), but neither the soluble ectodomain (L1ecto) nor the cytoplasmic part (L1cyt), could enhance cell proliferation or tumour growth in mice. Expression of L1-FL resulted in constitutive activation of NF-kappaB, which was abolished by L1CAM knockdown. We showed that the expression of IL-1beta was selectively upregulated by L1-FL, and increased IL-1beta levels were instrumental for sustained NF-kappaB activation. IL-1beta production and NF-kappaB activation were abolished by knockdown of alpha5-integrin and integrin-linked kinase, but insensitive to depletion of L1CAM cleavage proteinases. Supporting these data, PT45-P1 cells transduced with an L1CAM mutant deficient in integrin binding (L1-RGE) did not support the described L1-FL functions. Our results suggest that membranous L1CAM interacts with RGD-binding integrins, leading to sustained NF-kappaB activation by IL-1beta production and autocrine/paracrine signalling. The unravelling of this novel mechanism sheds new light on the important role of L1CAM expression in PDAC cells.
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Chen MM, Lee CY, Leland HA, Lin GY, Montgomery AM, Silletti S. Inside-out regulation of L1 conformation, integrin binding, proteolysis, and concomitant cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:1671-85. [PMID: 20335502 PMCID: PMC2869374 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-10-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ectodomain structure and function of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is shown to be regulated by the intracellular phosphorylation of a novel threonine, T1172. In pancreatic cancer cells, T1172 exhibits steady-state saturated phosphorylation, an event regulated by CKII and PKC, and which further regulates cell migration. Previous reports on the expression of the cell adhesion molecule L1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells range from absent to high. Our data demonstrate that L1 is expressed in poorly differentiated PDAC cells in situ and that threonine-1172 (T1172) in the L1 cytoplasmic domain exhibits steady-state saturated phosphorylation in PDAC cells in vitro and in situ. In vitro studies support roles for casein kinase II and PKC in this modification, consistent with our prior studies using recombinant proteins. Importantly, T1172 phosphorylation drives, or is associated with, a change in the extracellular structure of L1, consistent with a potential role in regulating the shift between the closed conformation and the open, multimerized conformation of L1. We further demonstrate that these distinct conformations exhibit differential binding to integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 and that T1172 regulates cell migration in a matrix-specific manner and is required for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-mediated shedding of the L1 ectodomain that has been shown to regulate cell migration. These data define a specific role for T1172 of L1 in regulating aspects of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell phenotype and suggest the need for further studies to elucidate the specific ramifications of L1 expression and T1172 phosphorylation in the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine M Chen
- Moores Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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van Kilsdonk JWJ, van Kempen LCLT, van Muijen GNP, Ruiter DJ, Swart GWM. Soluble adhesion molecules in human cancers: sources and fates. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89:415-27. [PMID: 20227133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules endow tumor cells with the necessary cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix interactions. As such, adhesion molecules are involved in cell signalling, proliferation and tumor growth. Rearrangements in the adhesion repertoire allow tumor cells to migrate, invade and form metastases. Besides these membrane-bound adhesion molecules several soluble adhesion molecules are detected in the supernatant of tumor cell lines and patient body fluids. Truncated soluble adhesion molecules can be generated by several conventional mechanisms, including alternative splicing of mRNA transcripts, chromosomal translocation, and extracellular proteolytic ectodomain shedding. Secretion of vesicles (ectosomes and exosomes) is an alternative mechanism mediating the release of full-length adhesion molecules. Soluble adhesion molecules function as modulators of cell adhesion, induce proteolytic activity and facilitate cell signalling. Additionally, adhesion molecules present on secreted vesicles might be involved in the vesicle-target cell interaction. Based on currently available data, released soluble adhesion molecules contribute to cancer progression and therefore should not be regarded as unrelated and non-functional side products of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen W J van Kilsdonk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, IMM & NCMLS, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Wolterink S, Moldenhauer G, Fogel M, Kiefel H, Pfeifer M, Lüttgau S, Gouveia R, Costa J, Endell J, Moebius U, Altevogt P. Therapeutic antibodies to human L1CAM: functional characterization and application in a mouse model for ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2504-15. [PMID: 20215505 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has identified L1CAM (CD171) as a novel marker for human carcinoma progression. Functionally, L1CAM promotes tumor cell invasion and motility, augments tumor growth in nude mice, and facilitates experimental tumor metastasis. These functional features qualify L1 as an interesting target molecule for tumor therapy. Here, we generated a series of novel monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the L1CAM ectodomain that were characterized by biochemical and functional means. All novel mAbs reacted specifically with L1CAM and not with the closely related molecule CHL1, whereas antibodies to the COOH terminal part of L1CAM (mAb2C2, mAb745H7, pcytL1) showed cross-reactivity. Among the novel mAbs, L1-9.3 was selected and its therapeutic potential was analyzed in various isotype variants in a model of SKOV3ip cells growing i.p. in CD1 nude mice. Only therapy with the IgG2a variant efficiently prolonged survival and reduced tumor burden. This was accompanied by an increased infiltration of F4/80-positive monocytic cells. Clodronate pretreatment of tumor-bearing animals led to the depletion of monocytes and abolished the therapeutic effect of L1-9.3/IgG2a. Expression profiling of tumor-derived mRNA revealed that L1-9.3/IgG2a therapy induced altered expression of cellular genes associated with apoptosis and tumor growth. Our results establish that anti-L1 mAb therapy acts via immunologic and nonimmunologic effector mechanism to block tumor growth. The novel antibodies to L1CAM could become helpful tools for the therapy of L1-positive human carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wolterink
- Tumor Immunology Program, Translational Immunology Unit (D015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Gutwein P, Schramme A, Abdel-Bakky MS, Doberstein K, Hauser IA, Ludwig A, Altevogt P, Gauer S, Hillmann A, Weide T, Jespersen C, Eberhardt W, Pfeilschifter J. ADAM10 is expressed in human podocytes and found in urinary vesicles of patients with glomerular kidney diseases. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17:3. [PMID: 20070888 PMCID: PMC2843607 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of the Notch signaling in the development of glomerular diseases has been recently described. Therefore we analyzed in podocytes the expression and activity of ADAM10, one important component of the Notch signaling complex. Methods By Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analysis we characterized the expression of ADAM10 in human podocytes, human urine and human renal tissue. Results We present evidence, that differentiated human podocytes possessed increased amounts of mature ADAM10 and released elevated levels of L1 adhesion molecule, one well known substrate of ADAM10. By using specific siRNA and metalloproteinase inhibitors we demonstrate that ADAM10 is involved in the cleavage of L1 in human podocytes. Injury of podocytes enhanced the ADAM10 mediated cleavage of L1. In addition, we detected ADAM10 in urinary podocytes from patients with kidney diseases and in tissue sections of normal human kidney. Finally, we found elevated levels of ADAM10 in urinary vesicles of patients with glomerular kidney diseases. Conclusions The activity of ADAM10 in human podocytes may play an important role in the development of glomerular kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gutwein
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Huszar M, Pfeifer M, Schirmer U, Kiefel H, Konecny GE, Ben-Arie A, Edler L, Münch M, Müller-Holzner E, Jerabek-Klestil S, Abdel-Azim S, Marth C, Zeimet AG, Altevogt P, Fogel M. Up-regulation of L1CAM is linked to loss of hormone receptors and E-cadherin in aggressive subtypes of endometrial carcinomas. J Pathol 2009; 220:551-61. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Stautz D, Sanjay A, Hansen MT, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM, Kveiborg M. ADAM12 localizes with c-Src to actin-rich structures at the cell periphery and regulates Src kinase activity. Exp Cell Res 2009; 316:55-67. [PMID: 19769962 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ADAM12 is an active metalloprotease playing an important role in tumour progression. Human ADAM12 exists in two splice variants: a long transmembrane form, ADAM12-L, and a secreted form, ADAM12-S. The subcellular localization of ADAM12-L is tightly regulated and involves intracellular interaction partners and signalling proteins. We demonstrate here a c-Src-dependent redistribution of ADAM12-L from perinuclear areas to actin-rich Src-positive structures at the cell periphery, and identified two separate c-Src binding sites in the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM12-L that interact with the SH3 domain of c-Src with different binding affinities. The association between ADAM12-L and c-Src is transient, but greatly stabilized when the c-Src kinase activity is disrupted. In agreement with this observation, kinase-active forms of c-Src induce ADAM12-L tyrosine phosphorylation. Interestingly, ADAM12-L was also found to enhance Src kinase activity in response to external signals, such as integrin engagement. Thus, we suggest that activated c-Src binds, phosphorylates, and redistributes ADAM12-L to specific sites at the cell periphery, which may in turn promote signalling mechanisms regulating cellular processes with importance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte Stautz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen MM, Leland HA, Lee CY, Silletti S. Tyrosine and serine phosphorylation regulate the conformation and subsequent threonine phosphorylation of the L1 cytoplasmic domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:257-64. [PMID: 19720049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously we identified threonine-1172 (T1172) in the cytoplasmic domain of the cell adhesion molecule L1 as phosphorylated in pancreatic cancer cells. Although both CKII- and PKC-blockade suppressed this modification, only CKII was capable of phosphorylating T1172 of a recombinant L1 cytoplasmic domain, suggesting the requirement for additional events to facilitate availability of T1172 to PKC. In this study, we demonstrate that the region around T1172 exists in distinct conformations based on both T1172 phosphorylation and the integrity of surrounding residues. We further demonstrate the role of membrane-proximal and membrane-distal residues in regulating cytoplasmic domain conformation, and that modification of 3 of the 4 tyrosines in the L1 cytoplasmic domain promote conformational changes that facilitate other events. In particular, phenylalanine-substitution of tyrosine-1151 or tyrosine-1229 promote opening up of the cytoplasmic domain in a manner that facilitates phosphorylation of the other 3 tyrosines, as well as phosphorylation of T1172 by PKCalpha. Importantly, we show that phosphorylation of serine-1181 is required for T1172 phosphorylation by CKII. These data define a specific role for secondary structure in regulating the availability of T1172 that facilitates phosphorylation by PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine M Chen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0803, USA
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Xu Z, Zhang T, Zhuang R, Zhang Y, Jia W, Song C, Yang K, Yang A, Jin B. Increased levels of soluble CD226 in sera accompanied by decreased membrane CD226 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cancer patients. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:34. [PMID: 19490613 PMCID: PMC2700819 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a cellular membrane triggering receptor, CD226 is involved in the NK cell- or CTL-mediated lysis of tumor cells of different origin, including freshly isolated tumor cells and tumor cell lines. Here, we evaluated soluble CD226 (sCD226) levels in sera, and membrane CD226 (mCD226) expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cancer patients as well as normal subjects, and demonstrated the possible function and origin of the altered sCD226, which may provide useful information for understanding the mechanisms of tumor escape and for immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy. Results Soluble CD226 levels in serum samples from cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals (P < 0.001), while cancer patients exhibited lower PBMC mCD226 expression than healthy individuals (P < 0.001). CD226-Fc fusion protein could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells against K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, three kinds of protease inhibitors could notably increase mCD226 expression on PMA-stimulated PBMCs and Jurkat cells with a decrease in the sCD226 level in the cell culture supernatant. Conclusion These findings suggest that sCD226 might be shed from cell membranes by certain proteases, and, further, sCD226 may be used as a predictor for monitoring cancer, and more important, a possible immunotherapy target, which may be useful in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwei Xu
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Riedle S, Kiefel H, Gast D, Bondong S, Wolterink S, Gutwein P, Altevogt P. Nuclear translocation and signalling of L1-CAM in human carcinoma cells requires ADAM10 and presenilin/gamma-secretase activity. Biochem J 2009; 420:391-402. [PMID: 19260824 PMCID: PMC2782312 DOI: 10.1042/bj20081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L1-CAM (L1 cell-adhesion molecule), or more simply L1, plays an important role in the progression of human carcinoma. Overexpression promotes tumour-cell invasion and motility, growth in nude mice and tumour metastasis. It is feasible that L1-dependent signalling contributes to these effects. However, little is known about its mechanism in tumour cells. We reported previously that L1 is cleaved by ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) and that the cytoplasmic part is essential for L1 function. Here we analysed more closely the role of proteolytic cleavage in L1-mediated nuclear signalling. Using OVMz carcinoma cells and L1-transfected cells as a model, we found that ADAM10-mediated cleavage of L1 proceeds in lipid raft and non-raft domains. The cleavage product, L1-32, is further processed by PS (presenilin)/gamma-secretase to release L1-ICD, an L1 intracellular domain of 28 kDa. Overexpression of dominant-negative PS1 or use of a specific gamma-secretase inhibitor leads to an accumulation of L1-32. Fluorescence and biochemical analysis revealed a nuclear localization for L1-ICD. Moreover, inhibition of ADAM10 and/or gamma-secretase blocks nuclear translocation of L1-ICD and L1-dependent gene regulation. Overexpression of recombinant L1-ICD mediates gene regulation in a similar manner to full-length L1. Our results establish for the first time that regulated proteolytic processing by ADAM10 and PS/gamma-secretase is essential for the nuclear signalling of L1 in human carcinoma cell lines.
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Key Words
- a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (adam10)
- l1 cell-adhesion molecule (l1-cam)
- nuclear translocation
- presenilin (ps)/γ-secretase activity
- raft
- signalling
- adam, a disintegrin and metalloprotease
- app, amyloid precursor protein
- cho, chinese-hamster ovary
- crabpii, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein ii
- ctf, c-terminal fragment
- dapt, n-[n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-(s)-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (also known as presenilin inhibitor ix)
- drm, detergent-resistant membrane
- ecl®, enhanced chemiluminescence
- erk, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
- fcs, fetal-calf serum
- fniii, fibronectin iii
- hek-293, human embryonic kidney-293
- hl1, human l1
- hrp, horseradish peroxidase
- icd, intracellular domain
- lamp-1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1
- l1, l1 cell-adhesion molecule
- l1cyt, the cytoplasmic part of l1
- mab, monoclonal antibody
- mdk, midkine or neurite growth-promoting factor 2
- mt1-mmp, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase
- pab, polyclonal antibody
- ps(1), presenilin(-1)
- qrt-pcr, quantitative real-time pcr
- rip, regulated intramembrane proteolysis
- sirna, small interfering rna
- tace, tumour-necrosis factor-α converting enzyme
- tapi-0, n-(r)-[2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl]-4-methylpentanoyl-l-naphthylalanyl-l-alanine amide
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Riedle
- *Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Helena Kiefel
- *Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Daniela Gast
- *Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Sandra Bondong
- *Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Silke Wolterink
- *Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Paul Gutwein
- †Center for Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- *Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Oh ST, Schramme A, Stark A, Tilgen W, Gutwein P, Reichrath J. The disintegrin-metalloproteinases ADAM 10, 12 and 17 are upregulated in invading peripheral tumor cells of basal cell carcinomas. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36:395-401. [PMID: 19278423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family are expressed in malignant tumors and participate in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the presence of ADAM 10, 12, 17 and their role in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have not been described. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of ADAM 10, 12 and 17 in BCC. METHODS Expression of ADAM 10, 12 and 17 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in skin tissues obtained from 25 patients with different types of BCC. RESULTS Immunoreactivity of ADAM 10, 12 and 17 was increased at the peripheral tumor margin compared with central areas of BCC tumor cell nests. Immunoreactivity of ADAM 10 and 12 was increased in the deep margin of invading tumor cell nests in mixed BCC. Focally increased expression of ADAM 12 was detected in squamous differentiated tumor cells of nodular BCC. In addition, immunoreactivity of ADAM 17 was increased in superficial BCC. CONCLUSIONS ADAM 10, 12 and 17 showed different expression pattern in BCC histologic subtypes, indicating their different role in the BCC pathogenesis. Overexpression of ADAM 10, 12 and 17 immunoreactivity in deep invasion area of BCC indicates that these three proteases may play an important role in the locally invasive and highly destructive growth behavior of BCC. Additionally, we suggest that ADAM 17 may play an important role in early development of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Taek Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Murphy G. Regulation of the proteolytic disintegrin metalloproteinases, the ‘Sheddases’. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Friedli A, Fischer E, Novak-Hofer I, Cohrs S, Ballmer-Hofer K, Schubiger PA, Schibli R, Grünberg J. The soluble form of the cancer-associated L1 cell adhesion molecule is a pro-angiogenic factor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1572-80. [PMID: 19401151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A soluble form of the L1 cell adhesion molecule (sL1) is released from various tumor cells and can be found in serum and ascites fluid of uterine and ovarian carcinoma patients. sL1 is a ligand for several Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-binding integrins and can be deposited in the extracellular matrix. In this study we describe a novel function of this physiologically relevant form of L1 as a pro-angiogenic factor. We demonstrated that the anti-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) chCE7 binds near or to the sixth Ig-like domain of human L1 which contains a single RGD sequence. mAb chCE7 inhibited the RGD-dependent adhesion of ovarian carcinoma cells to sL1 and reversed the sL1-induced proliferation, matrigel invasion and tube formation of bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells. A combination of sL1 with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A(165)), which is an important angiogenic inducer in tumors, strongly potentiated VEGF receptor-2 tyrosine phosphorylation in BAE cells. Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays revealed the pro-angiogenic potency of sL1 in vivo which could be abolished by chCE7. These results indicate an important role of released L1 in tumor angiogenesis and represent a novel function of antibody chCE7 in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Friedli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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