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Atehortua L, Sean Davidson W, Chougnet CA. Interactions Between HDL and CD4+ T Cells: A Novel Understanding of HDL Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1191-1201. [PMID: 38660807 PMCID: PMC11111342 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Several studies in animal models and human cohorts have recently suggested that HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) not only modulate innate immune responses but also adaptative immune responses, particularly CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells are central effectors and regulators of the adaptive immune system, and any alterations in their homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, autoimmunity, and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on how HDLs and their components affect CD4+ T-cell homeostasis by modulating cholesterol efflux, immune synapsis, proliferation, differentiation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. While the effects of apoB-containing lipoproteins on T cells have been relatively well established, this review focuses specifically on new connections between HDL and CD4+ T cells. We present a model where HDL may modulate T cells through both direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Atehortua
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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2
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de Almeida AR, Dantas AT, de Oliveira Gonçalves ME, Chêne C, Jeljeli M, Chouzenoux S, Thomas M, Cunha EGC, de Azevedo Valadares LD, de Melo Gomes JV, de Paula SKS, da Rocha Pitta MG, da Rocha Pitta I, de Melo Rêgo MJB, Pereira MC, Duarte ALBP, Abdalla DSP, Nicco C, Batteux F, da Rocha Pitta MG. PPARγ partial agonist LPSF/GQ-16 prevents dermal and pulmonary fibrosis in HOCl-induced systemic sclerosis (SSc) and modulates cytokine production in PBMC of SSc patients. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:433-446. [PMID: 37477795 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are synthetic molecules that have a range of biological effects, including antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory, and they may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and antifibrotic properties of LPSF/GQ-16, a TZD derivative, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SSc patients and in a murine model of SSc HOCl-induced. The PBMC of 20 SSc patients were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and treated with LPSF/GQ-16 for 48 h, later cytokines in the culture supernatants were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or cytometric bead array (CBA). Experimental SSc was induced by intradermal injections of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for 6 weeks. HOCl-induced SSc mice received daily treatment with LPSF/GQ-16 (30 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal injections during the same period. Immunological parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISA, and dermal and pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated by RT-qPCR, hydroxyproline dosage and histopathological analysis. In PBMC cultures, it was possible to observe that LPSF/GQ-16 modulated the secretion of cytokines IL-2 (p < 0.001), IL-4 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-17A (p = 0.006), TNF (p < 0.001) and IFN-γ (p < 0.001). In addition, treatment with LPSF/GQ-16 in HOCl-induced SSc mice promoted a significant reduction in dermal thickening (p < 0.001), in the accumulation of collagen in the skin (p < 0.001), down-regulated the expression of fibrosis markers in the skin (Col1a1, α-Sma and Tgfβ1, p < 0.001 for all) and lungs (Il4 and Il13, p < 0.001 for both), as well as reduced activation of CD4 + T cells (p < 0.001), B cells (p < 0.001) and M2 macrophages (p < 0.001). In conclusion, LPSF/GQ-16 showed immunomodulatory and antifibrotic properties, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of this molecule for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Rodrigues de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Andréa Tavares Dantas
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Oliveira Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Chêne
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marine Thomas
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eudes Gustavo Constantino Cunha
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - João Victor de Melo Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Simão Kalebe Silva de Paula
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marina Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Fármacos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Fármacos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Michelly Cristiny Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Dulcineia Saes Parra Abdalla
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carole Nicco
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Département 3I, Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
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Zhang P, Huang C, Liu H, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Yang J. The mechanism of the NFAT transcription factor family involved in oxidative stress response. J Cardiol 2024; 83:30-36. [PMID: 37149283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As a transcriptional activator widely expressed in various tissues, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is involved in the regulation of the immune system, the development of the heart and brain systems, and classically mediating pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy. Oxidative stress is an imbalance of intracellular redox status, characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, and subsequent lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress occurs during various pathological processes, such as chronic hypoxia, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, ischemia-reperfusion, and cardiac remodeling. Calcium overload leads to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, while NFAT can be activated through calcium-calcineurin, which is also the main regulatory mode of NFAT factors. This review focuses on the effects of NFAT transcription factors on reactive oxygen species production, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox reactions, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. We hope to provide a reference for the functions and characteristics of NFAT involved in various stages of oxidative stress as well as related potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Haiyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Wang Z, Li Y, Wu L, Guo Y, Yang G, Li X, Shi X. Rosiglitazone-induced PPARγ activation promotes intramuscular adipocyte adipogenesis of pig. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3708-3717. [PMID: 37149785 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2206872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) positively influences various aspects of meat quality, while the subcutaneous fat (SF) has negative effect on carcass characteristics and fattening efficiency. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation, herein, through bioinformatic screen for the potential regulators of adipogenesis from two independent microarray datasets, we identified that PPARγ is a potentially regulator between porcine IMF and SF adipogenesis. Then we treated subcutaneous preadipocytes (SA) and intramuscular preadipocytes (IMA) of pig with RSG (1 µmol/L), and we found that RSG treatment promoted the differentiation of IMA via differentially activating PPARγ transcriptional activity. Besides, RSG treatment promoted apoptosis and lipolysis of SA. Meanwhile, by the treatment of conditioned medium, we excluded the possibility of indirect regulation of RSG from myocyte to adipocyte and proposed that AMPK may mediate the RSG-induced differential activation of PPARγ. Collectively, the RSG treatment promotes IMA adipogenesis, and advances SA lipolysis, this effect may be associated with AMPK-mediated PPARγ differential activation. Our data indicates that targeting PPARγ might be an effective strategy to promote intramuscular fat deposition while reduce subcutaneous fat mass of pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Youlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xin'e Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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5
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Liu Y, Wang P, Jin G, Shi P, Zhao Y, Guo J, Yin Y, Shao Q, Li P, Yang P. The novel function of bexarotene for neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102021. [PMID: 37495118 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, is approved by FDA to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, it has also demonstrated promising therapeutic potential for neurological diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and particularly Alzheimer's disease(AD). In AD, bexarotene inhibits the production and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ), activates Liver X Receptor/RXR heterodimers to increase lipidated apolipoprotein E to remove Aβ, mitigates the negative impact of Aβ, regulates neuroinflammation, and ultimately improves cognitive function. For other neurological diseases, its mechanisms of action include inhibiting inflammatory responses, up-regulating microglial phagocytosis, and reducing misfolded protein aggregation, all of which aid in alleviating neurological damage. Here, we briefly discuss the characteristics, applications, and adverse effects of bexarotene, summarize its pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic results in various neurological diseases, and elaborate on the problems encountered in preclinical research, with the aim of providing help for the further application of bexarotene in central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Liu
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China; College of Third Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Guofang Jin
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peijie Shi
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianhang Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.
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Niemiec SS, Kechris K, Pattee J, Yang IV, Adgate JL, Calafat AM, Dabelea D, Starling AP. Prenatal exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and epigenetic aging in umbilical cord blood: The Healthy Start study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116215. [PMID: 37224946 PMCID: PMC10330919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous, environmentally persistent chemicals, and prenatal exposures have been associated with adverse child health outcomes. Prenatal PFAS exposure may lead to epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), defined as the discrepancy between an individual's chronologic and epigenetic or biological age. OBJECTIVES We estimated associations of maternal serum PFAS concentrations with EAA in umbilical cord blood DNA methylation using linear regression, and a multivariable exposure-response function of the PFAS mixture using Bayesian kernel machine regression. METHODS Five PFAS were quantified in maternal serum (median: 27 weeks of gestation) among 577 mother-infant dyads from a prospective cohort. Cord blood DNA methylation data were assessed with the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. EAA was calculated as the residuals from regressing gestational age on epigenetic age, calculated using a cord-blood specific epigenetic clock. Linear regression tested for associations between each maternal PFAS concentration with EAA. Bayesian kernel machine regression with hierarchical selection estimated an exposure-response function for the PFAS mixture. RESULTS In single pollutant models we observed an inverse relationship between perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) and EAA (-0.148 weeks per log-unit increase, 95% CI: -0.283, -0.013). Mixture analysis with hierarchical selection between perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and sulfonates indicated the carboxylates had the highest group posterior inclusion probability (PIP), or relative importance. Within this group, PFDA had the highest conditional PIP. Univariate predictor-response functions indicated PFDA and perfluorononanoate were inversely associated with EAA, while perfluorohexane sulfonate had a positive association with EAA. CONCLUSIONS Maternal mid-pregnancy serum concentrations of PFDA were negatively associated with EAA in cord blood, suggesting a pathway by which prenatal PFAS exposures may affect infant development. No significant associations were observed with other PFAS. Mixture models suggested opposite directions of association between perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and carboxylates. Future studies are needed to determine the importance of neonatal EAA for later child health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra S Niemiec
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jack Pattee
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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7
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Kumar S, Mehan S, Narula AS. Therapeutic modulation of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPAR-γ signaling in neurological dysfunctions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:9-49. [PMID: 36478124 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) cascade is a pleiotropic pathway that involves receptor subunit multimerization. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase that perceives and integrates a variety of intracellular and environmental stimuli to regulate essential activities such as cell development and metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a prototypical metabolic nuclear receptor involved in neural differentiation and axon polarity. The JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling pathways serve as a highly conserved signaling hub that coordinates neuronal activity and brain development. Additionally, overactivation of JAK/STAT, mTOR, and inhibition of PPARγ signaling have been linked to various neurocomplications, including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Emerging research suggests that even minor disruptions in these cellular and molecular processes can have significant consequences manifested as neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Of interest, target modulators have been proven to alleviate neuronal complications associated with acute and chronic neurological deficits. This research-based review explores the therapeutic role of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling modulators in preventing neuronal dysfunctions in preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India.
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
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Díaz A, D’Attilio L, Penas F, Bongiovanni B, Massa E, Cevey A, Santucci N, Bottasso O, Goren N, Bay ML. Studies on the contribution of PPAR Gamma to tuberculosis physiopathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1067464. [PMID: 37187471 PMCID: PMC10178487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1067464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem characterized by an immuno-endocrine imbalance: elevated plasma levels of cortisol and pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as reduced levels of dehydroepiandrosterone. The etiological agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is captured by pulmonary macrophages (Mf), whose activation is necessary to cope with the control of Mtb, however, excessive activation of the inflammatory response also leads to tissue damage. Glucocorticoids (GC) are critical elements to counteract the immunoinflammatory reaction, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are also involved in this regard. The primary forms of these receptors are PPARϒ, PPARα, and PPARβ/δ, the former being the most involved in anti-inflammatory responses. In this work, we seek to gain some insight into the contribution of PPARϒ in immuno-endocrine-metabolic interactions by focusing on clinical studies in pulmonary TB patients and in vitro experiments on a Mf cell line. Methods and results We found that TB patients, at the time of diagnosis, showed increased expression of the PPARϒ transcript in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells, positively associated with circulating cortisol and related to disease severity. Given this background, we investigated the expression of PPARϒ (RT-qPCR) in radiation-killed Mtb-stimulated human Mf. The Mtb stimulation of Mf derived from the human line THP1 significantly increased the expression of PPARϒ, while the activation of this receptor by a specific agonist decreased the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-10). As expected, the addition of GC to stimulated cultures reduced IL-1β production, while cortisol treatment together with the PPARϒ agonist lowered the levels of this proinflammatory cytokine in stimulated cultures. The addition of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, only reversed the inhibition produced by the addition of GC. Conclusion The current results provide a stimulating background for further analysis of the interconnection between PPARs and steroid hormones in the context of Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciano D’Attilio
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Federico Penas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Massa
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Agata Cevey
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Santucci
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nora Goren
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Bay
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Luisa Bay,
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9
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Yang J, Shi X, Wang Y, Ma M, Liu H, Wang J, Xu Z. Multi-Target Neuroprotection of Thiazolidinediones on Alzheimer's Disease via Neuroinflammation and Ferroptosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:927-945. [PMID: 37927258 PMCID: PMC10741341 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in older age. The prevalence of AD is growing worldwide, causing a tremendous burden to societies and families. Due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, the current treatment of AD is not satisfactory, and drugs acting on a single target may not prevent AD progression. This review summarizes the multi-target pharmacological effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on AD. TZDs act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4 (ACSL4) inhibitors. TZDs ameliorated neuroinflammation and ferroptosis in preclinical models of AD. Here, we discussed recent findings from clinical trials of pioglitazone in the treatment of AD, ischemic stroke, and atherosclerosis. We also dissected the major limitations in the clinical application of pioglitazone and explained the potential benefit of pioglitazone in AD. We recommend the use of pioglitazone to prevent cognitive decline and lower AD risk in a specific group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Interplay between fat cells and immune cells in bone: Impact on malignant progression and therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Jiang B, Ding T, Guo C, Bai X, Cao D, Wu X, Sha W, Jiang M, Wu L, Gao Y. NFAT1 Orchestrates Spinal Microglial Transcription and Promotes Microglial Proliferation via c-MYC Contributing to Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201300. [PMID: 35892263 PMCID: PMC9507349 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury-induced spinal microglial proliferation plays a pivotal role in neuropathic pain. So far, key intracellular druggable molecules involved in this process are not identified. The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT1) is a master regulator of immune cell proliferation. Whether and how NFAT1 modulates spinal microglial proliferation during neuropathic pain remain unknown. Here it is reported that NFAT1 is persistently upregulated in microglia after spinal nerve ligation (SNL), which is regulated by TET2-mediated DNA demethylation. Global or microglia-specific deletion of Nfat1 attenuates SNL-induced pain and decreases excitatory synaptic transmission of lamina II neurons. Furthermore, deletion of Nfat1 decreases microglial proliferation and the expression of multiple microglia-related genes, such as cytokines, transmembrane signaling receptors, and transcription factors. Particularly, SNL increases the binding of NFAT1 with the promoter of Itgam, Tnf, Il-1b, and c-Myc in the spinal cord. Microglia-specific overexpression of c-MYC induces pain hypersensitivity and microglial proliferation. Finally, inhibiting NFAT1 and c-MYC by intrathecal injection of inhibitor or siRNA alleviates SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Collectively, NFAT1 is a hub transcription factor that regulates microglial proliferation via c-MYC and guides the expression of the activated microglia genome. Thus, NFAT1 may be an effective target for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐Chun Jiang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Ting‐Yu Ding
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Chang‐Yun Guo
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Xue‐Hui Bai
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - De‐Li Cao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Xiao‐Bo Wu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Wei‐Lin Sha
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
| | - Long‐Jun Wu
- Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Yong‐Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental MedicineCo‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsu226019China
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12
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The Role of Transcription Factor PPAR-γ in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis, Skin Cells, and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179708. [PMID: 36077103 PMCID: PMC9456565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ is one of three PPAR nuclear receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. In immune cells, the skin, and other organs, PPAR-γ regulates lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The receptor translates nutritional, pharmacological, and metabolic stimuli into the changes in gene expression. The activation of PPAR-γ promotes cell differentiation, reduces the proliferation rate, and modulates the immune response. In the skin, PPARs also contribute to the functioning of the skin barrier. Since we know that the route from identification to the registration of drugs is long and expensive, PPAR-γ agonists already approved for other diseases may also represent a high interest for psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ in the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of skin and immune cells affected by psoriasis and in contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. We also evaluate whether the agonists of PPAR-γ may become one of the therapeutic options to suppress the inflammatory response in lesional psoriatic skin and decrease the influence of comorbidities associated with psoriasis.
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13
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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14
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Jiao F, Tan Z, Yu Z, Zhou B, Meng L, Shi X. The phytochemical and pharmacological profile of taraxasterol. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927365. [PMID: 35991893 PMCID: PMC9386448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraxasterol is one of the bioactive triterpenoids found in dandelion, a member of the family Asteraceae. In the animal or cellular models of several ailments, including liver damage, gastritis, colitis, arthritis, pneumonia, tumors, and immune system diseases, taraxasterol has been shown to have significant preventive and therapeutic effects. This review aims to evaluate the current state of research and provide an overview of the possible applications of taraxasterol in various diseases. The reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological actions of taraxasterol, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogenic properties, and its potential molecular mechanisms in developing these diseases are highlighted. Finally, we further explored whether taraxasterol has protective effects on neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, more animal and clinical studies are also required on the metabolism, bioavailability, and safety of taraxasterol to support its applications in pharmaceuticals and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Jiao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Fengjuan Jiao,
| | - Zengyue Tan
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhonghua Yu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bojie Zhou
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lingyan Meng
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xinyue Shi
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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15
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Coillard L, Guaddachi F, Ralu M, Brabencova E, Garbar C, Bensussan A, Le Bras M, Lehmann-Che J, Jauliac S. The NFAT3/RERG Complex in Luminal Breast Cancers Is Required to Inhibit Cell Invasion and May Be Correlated With an Absence of Axillary Lymph Nodes Colonization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:804868. [PMID: 35847954 PMCID: PMC9280138 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.804868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal breast cancers represent 70% of newly diagnosed breast cancers per annum and have a relatively good prognosis compared with triple-negative breast cancers. Luminal tumors that are responsive to hormonal therapy are particularly associated with a favorable prognosis. Nonetheless, the absolute number of metastatic relapses in luminal cancers is larger than in triple-negative breast cancers. A better understanding of the biology of luminal cancers, control of metastases formation, and identification of predictive markers of their evolution are therefore still necessary. In this context, we previously disclosed the key role of NFAT3 in regulating luminal breast cancer invasion. We have now identified a specific inhibitory region, in the C-terminal part of NFAT3, required for the inhibition of invasion of the human luminal breast cancer cell line T-47D. Indeed, we showed that this 85 amino acid C-terminal region acts as a dominant negative form of NFAT3 and that its overexpression in the T-47D cell line led to increased cell invasion. Mechanistically, we have revealed that this region of NFAT3 interacts with the small Ras GTPase RERG (RAS like estrogen regulated growth inhibitor) and shown that RERG expression is required for NFAT3 to impede T-47D cell invasion. We have validated the association of NFAT3 with RERG in human luminal breast cancer tissues. We have shown an increase of the quantity of the NFAT3/RERG complexes in patients without axillary lymph node colonization and therefore proposed that the detection of this complex may be a non-invasive marker of axillary lymph node colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Coillard
- Université de Paris, Research Saint Louis Institute (IRSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy (INSERM HIPI) U976, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Guaddachi
- Université de Paris, Research Saint Louis Institute (IRSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy (INSERM HIPI) U976, Paris, France
| | - Maëlle Ralu
- Université de Paris, Research Saint Louis Institute (IRSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy (INSERM HIPI) U976, Paris, France
| | - Eva Brabencova
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Institut Godinot, Reims, France
| | - Christian Garbar
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Institut Godinot, Reims, France
| | - Armand Bensussan
- Université de Paris, Research Saint Louis Institute (IRSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy (INSERM HIPI) U976, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Le Bras
- Université de Paris, Research Saint Louis Institute (IRSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy (INSERM HIPI) U976, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Lehmann-Che
- Université de Paris, Research Saint Louis Institute (IRSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy (INSERM HIPI) U976, Paris, France
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jauliac
- Université de Paris, Research Saint Louis Institute (IRSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Human Immunology Pathophysiology Immunotherapy (INSERM HIPI) U976, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sébastien Jauliac,
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16
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Collongues N, Becker G, Jolivel V, Ayme-Dietrich E, de Seze J, Binamé F, Patte-Mensah C, Monassier L, Mensah-Nyagan AG. A Narrative Review on Axonal Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:981-1042. [PMID: 35610531 PMCID: PMC9338208 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. The therapeutic strategy is now largely based on reducing inflammation with immunosuppressive drugs. Unfortunately, when disease progression is observed, no drug offers neuroprotection apart from its anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, we explore current knowledge on the assessment of neurodegeneration in MS and look at putative targets that might prove useful in protecting the axon from degeneration. Among them, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant agents, sex hormones, statins, channel blockers, growth factors, and molecules preventing glutamate excitotoxicity have already been studied. Some of them have reached phase III clinical trials and carry a great message of hope for our patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collongues
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,Center for Clinical Investigation, INSERM U1434, Strasbourg, France. .,Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Strasbourg, France. .,University Department of Pharmacology, Addictology, Toxicology and Therapeutic, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Guillaume Becker
- University Department of Pharmacology, Addictology, Toxicology and Therapeutic, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.,NeuroCardiovascular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, UR7296, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Jolivel
- Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Strasbourg, France
| | - Estelle Ayme-Dietrich
- University Department of Pharmacology, Addictology, Toxicology and Therapeutic, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.,NeuroCardiovascular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, UR7296, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme de Seze
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Center for Clinical Investigation, INSERM U1434, Strasbourg, France.,Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Binamé
- Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Patte-Mensah
- Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- University Department of Pharmacology, Addictology, Toxicology and Therapeutic, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.,NeuroCardiovascular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, UR7296, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ayikoé Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Strasbourg, France
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17
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Pompura SL, Hafler DA, Dominguez-Villar M. Fatty Acid Metabolism and T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869197. [PMID: 35603182 PMCID: PMC9116144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic remodeling is intrinsically linked to the development, activation, differentiation, function, and survival of T cells. T cells transition from a catabolic, naïve state to an anabolic effector state upon T cell activation. Subsequently, specialization of T cells into T helper (Th) subsets, including regulatory T cells (Treg), requires fine-tuning of metabolic programs that better support and optimize T cell functions for that particular environment. Increasingly, studies have shown that changes in nutrient availability at both the cellular and organismal level during disease states can alter T cell function, highlighting the importance of better characterizing metabolic-immune axes in both physiological and disease settings. In support of these data, a growing body of evidence is emerging that shows specific lipid species are capable of altering the inflammatory functional phenotypes of T cells. In this review we summarize the metabolic programs shown to support naïve and effector T cells, and those driving Th subsets. We then discuss changes to lipid profiles in patients with multiple sclerosis, and focus on how the presence of specific lipid species can alter cellular metabolism and function of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saige L. Pompura
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David A. Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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18
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Suau R, Pardina E, Domènech E, Lorén V, Manyé J. The Complex Relationship Between Microbiota, Immune Response and Creeping Fat in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:472-489. [PMID: 34528668 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the pathological involvement of hypertrophic mesenteric fat attached to the serosa of the inflamed intestinal segments involved in Crohn's disease [CD], known as creeping fat. In spite of its protective nature, creeping fat harbours an aberrant inflammatory activity which, in an already inflamed intestine, may explain why creeping fat is associated with a greater severity of CD. The transmural inflammation of CD facilitates the interaction of mesenteric fat with translocated intestinal microorganisms, contributing to activation of the immune response. This may be not the only way in which microorganisms alter the homeostasis of this fatty tissue: intestinal dysbiosis may also impair xenobiotic metabolism. All these CD-related alterations have a functional impact on nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which are implicated in regulation of the immune response, adipogenesis and the maintenance of barrier function, as well as on creeping fat production of inflammatory-associated cells such as adipokines. The dysfunction of creeping fat worsens the inflammatory course of CD and may favour intestinal fibrosis and fistulizing complications. However, our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and pathogenic role of creeping fat is controversial and a better understanding might provide new therapeutic targets for CD. Here we aim to review and update the key cellular and molecular alterations involved in this inflammatory process that link the pathological components of CD with the development of creeping fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' University Hospital, Badalona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Violeta Lorén
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
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Dacic M, Shibu G, Rogatsky I. Physiological Convergence and Antagonism Between GR and PPARγ in Inflammation and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:123-141. [PMID: 36107316 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that modulate gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner. The ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) represent steroid (type I) and non-steroid (type II) classes of NRs, respectively. The diverse transcriptional and physiological outcomes of their activation are highly tissue-specific. For example, in subsets of immune cells, such as macrophages, the signaling of GR and PPARγ converges to elicit an anti-inflammatory phenotype; in contrast, in the adipose tissue, their signaling can lead to reciprocal metabolic outcomes. This review explores the cooperative and divergent outcomes of GR and PPARγ functions in different cell types and tissues, including immune cells, adipose tissue and the liver. Understanding the coordinated control of these NR pathways should advance studies in the field and potentially pave the way for developing new therapeutic approaches to exploit the GR:PPARγ crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dacic
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Shibu
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Hu J, Zhang R, Zou H, Xie L, Zhou Z, Xiao Y. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA): From Immunopathogenesis to Immunotherapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:917169. [PMID: 35937817 PMCID: PMC9350734 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.917169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a type of diabetes characterized by slow autoimmune damage of pancreatic β cells without insulin treatment in the early clinical stage. There are differences between LADA and classical type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in genetic background, autoimmune response, rate of islet function decline, clinical metabolic characteristics, and so on. The disease progression and drug response of patients with LADA are closely related to the level of islet autoimmunity, thus exploring the pathogenesis of LADA is of great significance for its prevention and treatment. Previous studies reported that adaptive immunity and innate immunity play a critical role in the etiology of LADA. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiota which impacts host immunity hugely, participates in the pathogenesis of LADA. In addition, the progression of autoimmune pancreatic β cell destruction in LADA is slower than in classical T1D, providing a wider window of opportunities for intervention. Therefore, therapies including antidiabetic drugs with immune-regulation effects and immunomodulators could contribute to promising interventions for LADA. We also shed light on potential interventions targeting the gut microbiota and gut-associated immunity, which may be envisaged to halt or delay the process of autoimmunity in LADA.
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21
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Predictive Biomarkers for Postmyocardial Infarction Heart Failure Using Machine Learning: A Secondary Analysis of a Cohort Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2903543. [PMID: 34938340 PMCID: PMC8687817 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2903543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background There are few biomarkers with an excellent predictive value for postacute myocardial infarction (MI) patients who developed heart failure (HF). This study aimed to screen candidate biomarkers to predict post-MI HF. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a single-center cohort study including nine post-MI HF patients and eight post-MI patients who remained HF-free over a 6-month follow-up. Transcriptional profiling was analyzed using the whole blood samples collected at admission, discharge, and 1-month follow-up. We screened differentially expressed genes and identified key modules using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. We confirmed the candidate biomarkers using the developed external datasets on post-MI HF. The receiver operating characteristic curves were created to evaluate the predictive value of these candidate biomarkers. Results A total of 6,778, 1,136, and 1,974 genes (dataset 1) were differently expressed at admission, discharge, and 1-month follow-up, respectively. The white and royal blue modules were most significantly correlated with post-MI HF (dataset 2). After overlapping dataset 1, dataset 2, and external datasets (dataset 3), we identified five candidate biomarkers, including FCGR2A, GSDMB, MIR330, MED1, and SQSTM1. When GSDMB and SQSTM1 were combined, the area under the curve achieved 1.00, 0.85, and 0.89 in admission, discharge, and 1-month follow-up, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrates that FCGR2A, GSDMB, MIR330, MED1, and SQSTM1 are the candidate predictive biomarker genes for post-MI HF, and the combination of GSDMB and SQSTM1 has a high predictive value.
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22
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Albeltagy RS, Mumtaz F, Abdel Moneim AE, El-Habit OH. N-Acetylcysteine Reduces miR-146a and NF-κB p65 Inflammatory Signaling Following Cadmium Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4657-4665. [PMID: 33454892 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We performed a thorough screening and analysis of the impact of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the miR146a/NF-κB p65 inflammatory pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in male albino rats. A total of 24 male albino rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a CdCl2-treated group (3 mg/kg, orally), and a CdCl2 + NAC-treated group (200 mg/kg of NAC, 1 h after CdCl2 treatment), for 60 consecutive days. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of miR146a, Irak1, Traf6, Nrf1, Nfe2l2, Pparg, Prkaa, Stat3, Tfam, Tnfa, and Il1b, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels were assessed using ELISA, and NF-κB p65 was detected using western blotting. A significant restoration of homeostatic inflammatory processes as well as mitochondrial biogenesis was observed after NAC and CdCl2 treatment. Decreased miR146a and NF-κB p65 were also found after treatment with NAC and CdCl2 compared with CdCl2 treatment alone. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CdCl2 caused mtDNA release because of Tfam loss, leading to NF-κB p65 activation. Co-treatment with NAC could alleviate Cd-induced genotoxicity in liver tissue. We concluded that adding NAC to CdCl2 resulted in a decreased signaling of the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha S Albeltagy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farah Mumtaz
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ola H El-Habit
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Dixit G, Prabhu A. The pleiotropic peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: Regulation and therapeutics. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 124:104723. [PMID: 34822814 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators of metabolic events in our body. Owing to their implication in maintenance of homeostasis, both PPAR agonists and antagonists assume therapeutic significance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of each of the PPAR isotypes in the healthy body and during disease is crucial to exploiting their full therapeutic potential. This article is an attempt to present a rational analysis of the multifaceted therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of isotype-specific PPAR agonists, dual PPAR agonists, pan PPAR agonists as well as PPAR antagonists. A holistic understanding of the mechanistic dimensions of these key metabolic regulators will guide future efforts to identify novel molecules in the realm of metabolic, inflammatory and immunotherapeutic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
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24
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Matsumoto R, Takahashi D, Watanabe M, Nakatani S, Takamura Y, Kurosaki Y, Kakuta H, Hase K. A Retinoid X Receptor Agonist Directed to the Large Intestine Ameliorates T-Cell-Mediated Colitis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715752. [PMID: 34475823 PMCID: PMC8406631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a nuclear receptor that heterodimerizes with several nuclear receptors, integrating ligand-mediated signals across the heterodimers. Synthetic RXR agonists have been developed to cure certain inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, pre-existing RXR agonists, which are lipophilic and readily absorbed in the upper intestine, cause considerable adverse effects such as hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia, and hypothyroidism. To minimize these adverse effects, we have developed an RXR agonist, NEt-3IB, which has lipophilic and thus poorly absorptive properties. In this study, we evaluated the effects of NEt-3IB in an experimental murine colitis model induced through the adoptive transfer of CD45RBhighCD4+ T cells. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the major portion of NEt-3IB was successfully delivered to the large intestine after oral administration. Notably, NEt-3IB treatment suppressed the development of T cell-mediated chronic colitis, as indicated by improvement of wasting symptoms, inflammatory infiltration, and mucosal hyperplasia. The protective effect of NEt-3IB was mediated by the suppression of IFN-γ-producing Th1 cell expansion in the colon. In conclusion, NEt-3IB, a large intestine-directed RXR agonist, is a promising drug candidate for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohtaroh Matsumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakatani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Kurosaki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Bell EM, De Guise S, McCutcheon JR, Lei Y, Levin M, Li B, Rusling JF, Lawrence DA, Cavallari JM, O'Connell C, Javidi B, Wang X, Ryu H. Exposure, health effects, sensing, and remediation of the emerging PFAS contaminants - Scientific challenges and potential research directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146399. [PMID: 33770593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make up a large group of persistent anthropogenic chemicals which are difficult to degrade and/or destroy. PFAS are an emerging class of contaminants, but little is known about the long-term health effects related to exposure. In addition, technologies to identify levels of contamination in the environment and to remediate contaminated sites are currently inadequate. In this opinion-type discussion paper, a team of researchers from the University of Connecticut and the University at Albany discuss the scientific challenges in their specific but intertwined PFAS research areas, including rapid and low-cost detection, energy-saving remediation, the role of T helper cells in immunotoxicity, and the biochemical and molecular effects of PFAS among community residents with measurable PFAS concentrations. Potential research directions that may be employed to address those challenges and improve the understanding of sensing, remediation, exposure to, and health effects of PFAS are then presented. We hope our account of emerging problems related to PFAS contamination will encourage a broad range of scientific experts to bring these research initiatives addressing PFAS into play on a national scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jeffrey R McCutcheon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Baikun Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland
| | - David A Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cavallari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Caitlin O'Connell
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bethany Javidi
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Heejeong Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Sanad MH, Rizvi SFA, Farag AB. Radiosynthesis and in silico bioevaluation of 131 I-Sulfasalazine as a highly selective radiotracer for imaging of ulcerative colitis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:751-761. [PMID: 34314572 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the tracking of ulcerative colitis, which is considered a stressful immune disease. Although there are many ways to test for this disease including dependence on gases, dyes, and painful anal endoscopy, these treatment modalities have many disadvantages. Hence, it is the utmost need of time to discover new methods to detect this chronic immune disease and to avoid the defects of traditional methodologies. Sulfasalazine (SSD) was labeled with iodine-131 (half-life: 8 days, Energy: 971 keV) under optimum reaction conditions including the amount of reducing agent, pH factor, chloramine-T (Ch-T) amount, and incubation period. Characterization was performed using 1 H/ 13 C-NMR, ESI-MS, and HPLC (UV/ Radio) techniques. The biodistribution study was performed in normal and ulcerative mice models, and in silico molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the possible mechanism of action to target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The high radiolabeling yield of [131 I]-sulfasalazine ([131 I]-SSD) was achieved ≥90% through the direct labeling method with radioactive iodine-131 in the presence of chloramine-T (100 μg). The radiotracer [131 I]-SSD was observed to be stable in normal saline and freshly eluted serum up to 12 hr at ambient temperature (37℃ ± 2℃). The radiotracer [131 I]-SSD showed the highest uptake in the targeted organ (i.e., ulcerative colon) which was observed to be ≥75% injected dose per gram (% ID/g) organ for 24 hr postinjection (p.i). Furthermore, in silico data collected from molecular modeling analysis of SSD and [131 I]-SSD with antimicrobial protein (PDB code: 3KEG) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (PDB code: 4XTA) showed azoreductase activity and high binding potential for PPAR-γ site, respectively. The results of biological studies obtained in this study enlighten the usefulness of radiotracer [131 I]-SSD as a potential imaging agent for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Sanad
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman B Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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27
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Mannan A, Garg N, Singh TG, Kang HK. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR-ɣ): Molecular Effects and Its Importance as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2800-2831. [PMID: 34282491 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury is a leading cause of death and long-term disability throughout the world. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ɣ) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that is a member of the PPAR family. PPAR-ɣ has been shown in several in vitro and in vivo models to prevent post-ischemic inflammation and neuronal damage by negatively controlling the expression of genes modulated by cerebral ischemic injury, indicating a neuroprotective effect during cerebral ischemic injury. A extensive literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on the mechanistic role of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and its modulation in Cerebral ischemic injury. PPAR-ɣ can interact with specific DNA response elements to control gene transcription and expression when triggered by its ligand. It regulates lipid metabolism, improves insulin sensitivity, modulates antitumor mechanisms, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits inflammation. This review article provides insights on the current state of research into the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-ɣ in cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these effects are modulated, such as inhibition of inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress, suppression of pro-apoptotic production, modulation of transcription factors, and restoration of injured tissue through neurogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harmeet Kaur Kang
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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28
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Antifibrotic Effects of the Thiazolidinediones in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Pathologic Remodeling: A Preclinical Evaluation. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 11:e00164. [PMID: 32352681 PMCID: PMC7263661 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a T-helper 2 (Th2), eosinophilic disease associated with pathologic tissue remodeling that leads to end-organ dysfunction. During early-stage disease, inflammation and subepithelial fibrosis are coupled and reversible, but in late-stage or therapy-resistant disease, there can be uncoupling of these features with progressive esophageal rigidity and strictures contributing to clinical dysphagia and food impactions. No current pharmacotherapeutic interventions directly target esophageal fibrosis. Based on the ability of the thiazolidinediones (TZD) to regulate intestinal and hepatic fibrosis, we tested the antifibrotic effects of the TZDs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, in preclinical studies using primary human esophageal fibroblasts.
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29
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Mateus AP, Mourad M, Power DM. Skin damage caused by scale loss modifies the intestine of chronically stressed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103989. [PMID: 33385418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to test if the damage caused by scale loss provokes a change in other innate immune barriers such as the intestine and how chronic stress affects this response. Sea bream (Sparus aurata) were kept in tanks at low density (16 kg m-3, LD) or exposed to a chronic high density (45 kg m-3, HD) stress for 4 weeks. Scales were then removed (approximately 50%) from the left flank in the LD and HD fish. Intestine samples (n = 8/group) were examined before and at 12 h, 3 days and 7 days after scale removal. Changes in the morphology of the intestine revealed that chronic stress and scale loss was associated with intestinal inflammation. Specifically, enterocyte height and the width of the lamina propria, submucosa and muscle layer were significantly increased (p < 0.05) 3 days after skin damage in fish under chronic stress (HD) compared to other treatments (LDWgut3d or HDgut0h). This was associated with a significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) in the intestine of gene transcripts for cell proliferation (pcna) and anti-inflammatory cytokine tgfβ1 and down-regulation of gene transcripts for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tnf-α and il1β (p < 0.05) in HD and LD fish 3 days after scale removal compared to the undamaged control (LDgut0h). Furthermore, a significant up-regulation of kit, a marker of mast cells, in the intestine of HDWgut3d and LDWgut3d fish suggests they may mediate the crosstalk between immune barriers. Skin damage induced an increase in cortisol levels in the anterior intestine in HDWgut12 h fish and significant (p < 0.05) down-regulation of mr expression, irrespective of stress. These results suggest glucocorticoid levels and signalling in the intestine of fish are modified by superficial cutaneous wounds and it likely modulates intestine inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Mateus
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Mona Mourad
- Laboratory of Fish Reproduction and Spawning, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Kayet-bey, Al-Anfoushy, 21556, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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30
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Que Y, Shu X, Wang L, Wang S, Li S, Hu P, Tong X. Inactivation of SERCA2 Cys 674 accelerates aortic aneurysms by suppressing PPARγ. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2305-2323. [PMID: 33591571 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inactivation of Cys674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) causes intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, which activates calcineurin-mediated nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT)/NF-κB pathways, and results in the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to accelerate angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysms. Our goal was to investigate the mechanism involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mice, where half of C674 was substituted by serine, to mimic partial irreversible oxidation of C674. The aortas of SKI mice and their littermate wild-type mice were collected for RNA sequencing, cell culture, protein expression, luciferase activity and aortic aneurysm analysis. KEY RESULTS Inactivation of C674 inhibited the promoter activity and protein expression of PPARγ, which could be reversed by inhibitors of calcineurin or NF-κB. In SKI SMCs, inhibition of NF-κB by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid (PDTC) or overexpression of PPARγ2 reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, blocked the activation of NFAT/NF-κB, reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers, and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs in SKI SMCs. Furthermore, pioglitazone also ameliorated angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysms in SKI mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The inactivation of SERCA2 C674 promotes the development of aortic aneurysms by disrupting the balance between PPARγ and NFAT/NF-κB. Our study highlights the importance of C674 redox status in regulating PPARγ to maintain aortic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Que
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Langtao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Zaloga GP. Narrative Review of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation upon Immune Functions, Resolution Molecules and Lipid Peroxidation. Nutrients 2021; 13:662. [PMID: 33670710 PMCID: PMC7922327 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil supplementation is commonplace in human nutrition and is being used in both enteral and parenteral formulations during the treatment of patients with a large variety of diseases and immune status. The biological effects of fish oil are believed to result from their content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These fatty acids are known to have numerous effects upon immune functions and are described as immunomodulatory. However, immunomodulatory is a nondescript term that encompasses immunostimulation and immunosuppression. The primary goal of this review is to better describe the immune effects of n-3 PUFA as they relate to immunostimulatory vs. immunosuppressive effects. One mechanism proposed for the immune effects of n-3 PUFA relates to the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). A second goal of this review is to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation upon production of SPMs. Although n-3 PUFA are stated to possess anti-oxidative properties, these molecules are highly oxidizable due to multiple double bonds and may increase oxidative stress. Thus, the third goal of this review is to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA upon lipid oxidation. We conclude, based upon current scientific evidence, that n-3 PUFA suppress inflammatory responses and most cellular immune responses such as chemotaxis, transmigration, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte functions and should be considered immunosuppressive. n-3 PUFA induced production of resolution molecules is inconsistent with many resolution molecules failing to respond to n-3 PUFA supplementation. n-3 PUFA supplementation is associated with increased lipid peroxidation in most studies. Vitamin E co-administration is unreliable for prevention of the lipid peroxidation. These effects should be considered when administering n-3 PUFA to patients that may be immunosuppressed or under high oxidative stress due to illness or other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Zaloga
- MedSciHealth Consultants, 12931 Sorrento Way, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Hernandez-Quiles M, Broekema MF, Kalkhoven E. PPARgamma in Metabolism, Immunity, and Cancer: Unified and Diverse Mechanisms of Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:624112. [PMID: 33716977 PMCID: PMC7953066 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.624112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is one of the most extensively studied ligand-inducible transcription factors. Since its identification in the early 1990s, PPARγ is best known for its critical role in adipocyte differentiation, maintenance, and function. Emerging evidence indicates that PPARγ is also important for the maturation and function of various immune system-related cell types, such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. Furthermore, PPARγ controls cell proliferation in various other tissues and organs, including colon, breast, prostate, and bladder, and dysregulation of PPARγ signaling is linked to tumor development in these organs. Recent studies have shed new light on PPARγ (dys)function in these three biological settings, showing unified and diverse mechanisms of action. Classical transactivation-where PPARγ activates genes upon binding to PPAR response elements as a heterodimer with RXRα-is important in all three settings, as underscored by natural loss-of-function mutations in FPLD3 and loss- and gain-of-function mutations in tumors. Transrepression-where PPARγ alters gene expression independent of DNA binding-is particularly relevant in immune cells. Interestingly, gene translocations resulting in fusion of PPARγ with other gene products, which are unique to specific carcinomas, present a third mode of action, as they potentially alter PPARγ's target gene profile. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying PPARγ activity in the complex regulatory networks in metabolism, cancer, and inflammation may help to define novel potential therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hernandez-Quiles
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marjoleine F. Broekema
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Eric Kalkhoven,
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Ding Y, Kang J, Liu S, Xu Y, Shao B. The Protective Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:588516. [PMID: 33281727 PMCID: PMC7705069 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.588516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a complex pathological process that often occurs secondary to trauma, surgery, and shock. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a subunit of the PPAR and is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor. After being activated by its ligand, PPARγ can combine with specific DNA response elements to regulate the transcription and expression of genes. It has a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating lipid metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity, modulating anti-tumor mechanisms, and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARγ exerts a protective effect during CI/RI. This article aims to summarize the research progress of studies that have investigated the protective effects of PPARγ in CI/RI and the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which these effects are modulated, including inhibition of excitatory amino acid toxicity, reduced Ca2+ overload, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, inhibition of microglial activation, maintain the BBB, promotion of angiogenesis, and neurogenesis and anti-apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoping Shao
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Shirazi J, Donzanti MJ, Nelson KM, Zurakowski R, Fromen CA, Gleghorn JP. Significant Unresolved Questions and Opportunities for Bioengineering in Understanding and Treating COVID-19 Disease Progression. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:259-284. [PMID: 32837585 PMCID: PMC7384395 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease that manifests itself in a multitude of ways across a wide range of tissues. Many factors are involved, and though impressive strides have been made in studying this novel disease in a very short time, there is still a great deal that is unknown about how the virus functions. Clinical data has been crucial for providing information on COVID-19 progression and determining risk factors. However, the mechanisms leading to the multi-tissue pathology are yet to be fully established. Although insights from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV have been valuable, it is clear that SARS-CoV-2 is different and merits its own extensive studies. In this review, we highlight unresolved questions surrounding this virus including the temporal immune dynamics, infection of non-pulmonary tissue, early life exposure, and the role of circadian rhythms. Risk factors such as sex and exposure to pollutants are also explored followed by a discussion of ways in which bioengineering approaches can be employed to help understand COVID-19. The use of sophisticated in vitro models can be employed to interrogate intercellular interactions and also to tease apart effects of the virus itself from the resulting immune response. Additionally, spatiotemporal information can be gleaned from these models to learn more about the dynamics of the virus and COVID-19 progression. Application of advanced tissue and organ system models into COVID-19 research can result in more nuanced insight into the mechanisms underlying this condition and elucidate strategies to combat its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Michael J. Donzanti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Katherine M. Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Ryan Zurakowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
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Abidi A, Rizvi DA, Saxena K, Chaudhary S, Ahmad A. The evaluation of efficacy and safety of methotrexate and pioglitazone in psoriasis patients: A randomized, open-labeled, active-controlled clinical trial. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:16-22. [PMID: 32201442 PMCID: PMC7074427 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_88_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease showing co-existence with metabolic syndrome (MS), as has been confirmed by numerous epidemiologic studies in recent times. In this study, the aim was to ascertain the beneficial effects of pioglitazone in psoriasis, simultaneously targeting the improvement of MS parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective randomized open-labeled parallel-group interventional study in patients of moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. A total of 90 patients were inducted in study and divided into three groups of standard treatment (methotrexate 7.5 mg/week for 12 weeks), active treatment (pioglitazone 15 mg tablets once daily for 12 weeks), and their combination. Primary outcome was taken as percentage Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) improvement from baseline; secondary outcomes were PASI-75, safety profile, and MS parameters. RESULTS Intergroup evaluation of PASI score showed that standard treatment methotrexate and active treatment pioglitazone were comparable. Combination of methotrexate and pioglitazone proved superior in efficacy from both standard and active treatment in 8 and 12 weeks. Adverse drug reactions were mild and treated symptomatically. Pioglitazone and combination group also demonstrated beneficial efficacy in parameter of MS hence establishing it as a potential therapy in psoriasis with MS. CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone alone or in combination with standard treatment may be a safe alternative drug for psoriasis coexisting with MS proving beneficial for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroz Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dilshad Ali Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kshitij Saxena
- Department of Dermatology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Venkataraman B, Ojha S, Belur PD, Bhongade B, Raj V, Collin PD, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Phytochemical drug candidates for the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in inflammatory bowel diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1530-1549. [PMID: 32009281 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based compounds or phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and polyphenols have been used extensively in traditional medicine for centuries and more recently in Western alternative medicine. Extensive evidence suggests that consumption of dietary polyphenolic compounds lowers the risk of inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of several phytochemicals are mediated through ligand-inducible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly the PPARγ transcription factor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is represented by ulcerative colitis, which occurs in the mucosa of the colon and rectum, and Crohn's disease (CD) that can involve any segment of gastrointestinal tract. Because of the lack of cost-effective pharmaceutical treatment options, many IBD patients seek and use alternative and unconventional therapies to alleviate their symptoms. PPARγ plays a role in the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression and activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells. The phytochemicals reported here are ligands that activate PPARγ, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. PPARγ is highly expressed in the gut making it a potential therapeutic target for IBDs. This review summarizes the effects of the currently published phytochemicals that modulate the PPARγ pathway and reduce or eliminate colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Bhoomendra Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Bahrambeigi S, Molaparast M, Sohrabi F, Seifi L, Faraji A, Fani S, Shafiei-Irannejad V. Targeting PPAR ligands as possible approaches for metabolic reprogramming of T cells in cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Lett 2020; 220:32-37. [PMID: 31982460 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prominent progress in understanding cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms, there are some types of problems which have been identified to hinder effective and successful immunotherapy of cancers. Such problems have been ascribed to the tumor abilities in the creation of a tolerant milieu that can impair immune responses against cancer cells. In the present study, we represent possible approaches for metabolic reprogramming of T cells in cancer immunotherapy to overcome tumor metabolic impositions on immune responses against cancer cells. Metabolic suppression of effector immune cells in tumor milieu is one of the important strategies recruited by tumor cells to escape from immunogenic cell death. We have investigated the metabolic reprogramming of T cells as a method and a possible new target for cancer immunotherapy. Synergic effects of PPAR ligands in immunotherapy of cancers on the metabolic reprogramming of T cells have been noticed by several studies as a new target of cancer immunotherapy. The current wealth of data like this promises a future scenario which the consideration of metabolic restriction in the tumor microenvironment and administration of therapeutic agents such as PPAR ligands to overcome metabolic restrictions on T cells (refreshing their functionality) may be effective and enhance the accountability and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Bahrambeigi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Molaparast
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Sohrabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Lachin Seifi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Faraji
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saba Fani
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Ramot Y, Bertolini M, Boboljova M, Uchida Y, Paus R. PPAR-γ signalling as a key mediator of human hair follicle physiology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:312-321. [PMID: 31769892 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are abundantly expressed in human skin, with PPAR-γ being the most intensively investigated isoform. In various ex vivo and in vivo models, PPAR-γ-mediated signalling has recently surfaced as an essential element of hair follicle (HF) development, growth and stem cell biology. Moreover, the availability of novel, topically applicable PPAR-γ modulators with a favourable toxicological profile has extended the range of potential applications in clinical dermatology. In this review, we synthesize where this field currently stands and sketch promising future research avenues, focussing on the role of PPAR-γ-mediated signalling in the biology and pathology of human scalp HFs, with special emphasis on scarring alopecias such as lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia as model human epithelial stem cell diseases. In particular, we discuss whether and how pharmacological modulation of PPAR-γ signalling may be employed for the management of hair growth disorders, for example, in scarring alopecia (by reducing HF inflammation as well as by promoting the survival and suppressing pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition of keratin 15 + epithelial stem cells in the bulge) and in hirsutism/hypertrichosis (by promoting catagen development). Moreover, we explore the potential role of PPAR-γ in androgenetic alopecia, HF energy metabolism and HF ageing, and consider clinical perspectives that emanate from the limited data available on this so far. As this field of translational human hair research is still in its infancy, many open questions exist, for which we briefly delineate selected experimental approaches that promise to generate instructive answers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Maria Boboljova
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Trümper V, von Knethen A, Preuß A, Ermilov E, Hackbarth S, Kuchler L, Gunne S, Schäfer A, Bornhütter T, Vereb G, Ujlaky-Nagy L, Brüne B, Röder B, Schindler M, Parnham MJ, Knape T. Flow cytometry-based FRET identifies binding intensities in PPARγ1 protein-protein interactions in living cells. Theranostics 2019; 9:5444-5463. [PMID: 31534496 PMCID: PMC6735382 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ is a pharmacological target in inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Upon agonistic treatment or following antagonism, binding of co-factors is altered, which consequently affects PPARγ-dependent transactivation as well as its DNA-independent properties. Therefore, establishing techniques to characterize these interactions is an important issue in living cells. Methods: Using the FRET pair Clover/mRuby2, we set up a flow cytometry-based FRET assay by analyzing PPARγ1 binding to its heterodimerization partner RXRα. Analyses of PPARγ-reporter and co-localization studies by laser-scanning microscopy validated this system. Refining the system, we created a new readout to distinguish strong from weak interactions, focusing on PPARγ-binding to the co-repressor N-CoR2. Results: We observed high FRET in cells expressing Clover-PPARγ1 and mRuby2-RXRα, but no FRET when cells express a mRuby2-RXRα deletion mutant, lacking the PPARγ interaction domain. Focusing on the co-repressor N-CoR2, we identified in HEK293T cells the new splice variant N-CoR2-ΔID1-exon. Overexpressing this isoform tagged with mRuby2, revealed no binding to Clover-PPARγ1, nor in murine J774A.1 macrophages. In HEK293T cells, binding was even lower in comparison to N-CoR2 constructs in which domains established to mediate interaction with PPARγ binding are deleted. These data suggest a possible role of N-CoR2-ΔID1-exon as a dominant negative variant. Because binding to N-CoR2-mRuby2 was not altered following activation or antagonism of Clover-PPARγ1, we determined the effect of pharmacological treatment on FRET intensity. Therefore, we calculated flow cytometry-based FRET efficiencies based on our flow cytometry data. As with PPARγ antagonism, PPARγ agonist treatment did not prevent binding of N-CoR2. Conclusion: Our system allows the close determination of protein-protein interactions with a special focus on binding intensity, allowing this system to characterize the role of protein domains as well as the effect of pharmacological agents on protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Trümper
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Annegret Preuß
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugeny Ermilov
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Hackbarth
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Kuchler
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunne
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anne Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Bornhütter
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lázló Ujlaky-Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beate Röder
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tilo Knape
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Seleit I, Bakry OA, Abd El Gayed E, Ghanem M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Gene Polymorphism in Psoriasis and Its Relation to Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Narrowband Ultraviolet B Response: A Case-Control Study in Egyptian Patients. Indian J Dermatol 2019; 64:192-200. [PMID: 31148857 PMCID: PMC6537676 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_114_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common dermatologic disease with multifactorial etiology in which genetic factors play a major role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is expressed in keratinocytes and is known to affect cell maturation and differentiation in addition to its role in inflammation. Aim: To study the association between PPAR-γ gene polymorphism and psoriasis vulgaris in Egyptian patients to explore if this polymorphism influenced disease risk or clinical presentation. Methods: Forty-five patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 45 age, sex and body mass index matched healthy volunteers who have no present, past or family history of psoriasis as a control group were enrolled. Selected cases included obese and nonobese participants. Detection of PPAR-γ gene polymorphism was done with restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) was given for every case three times/week for 12 weeks. Results: Homopolymorphism, heteropolymorphism, and Ala allele were significantly associated with cases (P = 0.01, P = 0.01, and P = 0.004, respectively) and increased risk of occurrence of psoriasis by 5.25, 3.65, and 3.37 folds, respectively. Heteropolymorphism was significantly associated with nonobese cases compared to obese ones (P = 0.01). Ala allele was significantly associated with obese cases (P = 0.001) and increased risk of occurrence of psoriasis in obese participants by 1.14 folds. Homopolymorphism, heteropolymorphism, and Ala allele were more prevalent among obese cases without metabolic syndrome (MS) than obese cases with MS but without statistical significance. Percentage of decrease of mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score before and after 3 months of treatment with NBUVB was higher in cases with heteropolymorphism with no significant difference between homo- and heteropolymorphism. Conclusion: PPAR-γ gene polymorphism is associated with and increased the risk of psoriasis and its associated obesity in Egyptian patients. It has no role in NBUVB response in those patients. Future large-scale studies on different populations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Seleit
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Egypt
| | - Ola Ahmed Bakry
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Egypt
| | - Eman Abd El Gayed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Egypt
| | - Mai Ghanem
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Egypt
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Chapman NM, Shrestha S, Chi H. Metabolism in Immune Cell Differentiation and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1011:1-85. [PMID: 28875486 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1170-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a central determinant of organismal health. Functional immune responses require quiescent immune cells to rapidly grow, proliferate, and acquire effector functions when they sense infectious agents or other insults. Specialized metabolic programs are critical regulators of immune responses, and alterations in immune metabolism can cause immunological disorders. There has thus been growing interest in understanding how metabolic processes control immune cell functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions. In this chapter, we summarize how metabolic programs are tuned and what the physiological consequences of metabolic reprogramming are as they relate to immune cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sharad Shrestha
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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Chauhan P, Saha B. Metabolic regulation of infection and inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 112:1-11. [PMID: 30472107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolic framework provides a way to understand the immune regulation via cell intrinsic metabolic fluxes and metabolites during infections, tumors, and inflammatory disorders. During these diseases, the immune cells are activated requiring more energy and moderating their metabolic functions. The two categories of metabolic alterations are therefore causally associated with energy derivation and cellular functions. Pathogens, tumors and inflammation target energy metabolism, primarily glucose uptake, glucose catabolism, gluconeogenesis for continuing lipid metabolism through mainstream pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial respiration and pentose phosphate pathway. Many biosynthetic pathways such as those of cholesterol, ceramide, sphingolipids, and fatty acids are altered explaining the metabolic interface in molecular pathogenesis in various infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. The emerging immune-metabolic framework also identifies the key regulatory elements such as metabolites, signalling intermediates and transcription factors. These regulatory elements play key roles in deciding the fate of an infection, tumor or autoimmune diseases. The original research articles and the review articles in this Special issue of Cytokine on "Infection, Inflammation and Immunometabolomes" highlight these aspects of metabolic reprogramming and the role of some 'metabolomic regulators' in controlling the outcome of infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this Editorial, we introduce the readers to these articles discussing the elements in immune-metabolic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chauhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar 750019, India
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Nor Effa SZ, Yaacob NS, Mohd Nor N. Crosstalk between PPARγ Ligands and Inflammatory-Related Pathways in Natural T-Regulatory Cells from Type 1 Diabetes Mouse Model. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E135. [PMID: 30400642 PMCID: PMC6315476 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation, as a means of immunotherapy, has been studied in major research and clinical laboratories for many years. T-Regulatory (Treg) cell therapy is one of the modulators used in immunotherapy approaches. Similarly, nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has extensively been shown to play a role as an immuno-modulator during inflammation. Given their mutual roles in downregulating the immune response, current study examined the influence of PPARγ ligands i.e., thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of drugs on Forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3) expression and possible crosstalk between PPARγ and nTreg cells of Non-Obese Diabetes (NOD) and Non-Obese Diabetes Resistant (NOR) mice. Results showed that TZD drug, ciglitazone and natural ligand of PPARγ 15d-prostaglandin downregulated Foxp3 expression in activated nTreg cells from both NOD and NOR mice. Interestingly, addition of the PPARγ inhibitor, GW9662 further downregulated Foxp3 expression in these cells from both mice. We also found that PPARγ ligands negatively regulate Foxp3 expression in activated nTreg cells via PPARγ-independent mechanism(s). These results demonstrate that both natural and synthetic PPARγ ligands capable of suppressing Foxp3 expression in activated nTreg cells of NOD and NOR mice. This may suggest that the effect of PPARγ ligands in modulating Foxp3 expression in activated nTreg cells is different from their reported effects on effector T cells. Given the capability to suppress Foxp3 gene, it is possible to be tested as immunomodulators in cancer-related studies. The co-lateral use of PPARγ ligands in nTreg cells in inducing tolerance towards pseudo-self antigens as in tumor microenvironment may uphold beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zulkafli Nor Effa
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Soriani Yaacob
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Norazmi Mohd Nor
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
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Park KL, Oh DG, Kim YO, Song KS, Ahn DW. Rosiglitazone suppresses RANKL-induced NFATc1 autoamplification by disrupting the physical interaction between NFATc1 and PPARγ. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1584-1593. [PMID: 30338210 PMCID: PMC6168694 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is required for initiation of osteoclastogenesis, with the signaling pathway including the NF-kB, c-Fos, and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) transcription factors. Because NFATc1 expression is autoamplified, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation by the thiazolidinedione drug rosiglitazone decreases NFATc1 expression during RANKL stimulation. Western blotting demonstrated that rosiglitazone attenuated the increase in NFATc1 protein level induced by RANKL without affecting that of PPARγ. Immunofluorescence data indicated that rosiglitazone tended to suppress RANKL-induced NFATc1 nuclear translocation, partly by reducing calcineurin activity, as reflected by the observed decrease in nuclear NFATc1 abundance. On coimmunoprecipitation, the intensity of the physical interaction between NFATc1 and PPARγ was unexpectedly higher in the RANKL-stimulated group than in the control, but rosiglitazone reduced this to basal levels. Furthermore, RANKL failed to elevate mRNA expression of NFATc1 after PPARγ knockdown. ChIP assay indicated that rosiglitazone significantly reduced the binding of NFATc1 to its own promoter despite RANKL stimulation. These findings suggest that PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone blocks NFATc1 from binding to its own promoter, thereby reducing RANKL-induced NFATc1 autoamplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Lok Park
- Department of Dentistry Kosin University Gospel Hospital Seo-gu Korea
| | - Da-Gyo Oh
- Department of Physiology Kosin University College of Medicine Seo-gu Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Department of Pathology Kosin University College of Medicine Seo-gu Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seob Song
- Department of Physiology Kosin University College of Medicine Seo-gu Korea
| | - Do-Whan Ahn
- Department of Physiology Kosin University College of Medicine Seo-gu Korea
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The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:122-133. [PMID: 30138623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and has a complex and very active structure that contributes to homeostasis and provides the first line defense against injury and infection. In the past few years it has become evident that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a relevant role in healthy and diseased skin. Specifically, we review how the dysregulation of ECS has been associated to dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma and skin cancer. Therefore, the druggability of the ECS could open new research avenues for the treatment of the pathologies mentioned. Numerous studies have reported that phytocannabinoids and their biological analogues modulate a complex network pharmacology involved in the modulation of ECS, focusing on classical cannabinoid receptors, transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The combined targeting of several end-points seems critical to provide better chances of therapeutically success, in sharp contrast to the one-disease-one-target dogma that permeates current drug discovery campaigns.
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Regulation of Immune Cell Function by PPARs and the Connection with Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061575. [PMID: 29799467 PMCID: PMC6032042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points towards the existence of a bidirectional interconnection between metabolic disease and neurodegenerative disorders, in which inflammation is linking both together. Activation of members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family has been shown to have beneficial effects in these interlinked pathologies, and these improvements are often attributed to anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR activation. In this review, we summarize the role of PPARs in immune cell function, with a focus on macrophages and T cells, and how this was shown to contribute to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. We address gender differences as a potential explanation in observed contradictory results, and we highlight PPAR-induced metabolic changes as a potential mechanism of regulation of immune cell function through these nuclear receptors. Together, immune cell-specific activation of PPARs present a promising therapeutic approach to treat both metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Iris M, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Caffeine inhibits STAT1 signaling and downregulates inflammatory pathways involved in autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2018; 192:68-77. [PMID: 29678503 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a widely consumed pharmacologically active product. We focused on characterizing immunomodulatory effects of caffeine on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Caffeine at high doses showed a robust downregulatory effect on cytokine activity and genes related to several autoimmune diseases including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Dose-dependent validation experiments showed downregulation at the mRNA levels of key inflammation-related genes including STAT1, TNF, IFNG, and PPARG. TNF and PPARG were suppressed even with the lowest caffeine dose tested, which corresponds to the serum concentration of caffeine after administration of one cup of coffee. Cytokine levels of IL-8, MIP-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF, IL-2, IL-4, MCP-1, and IL-10 were decreased significantly with caffeine treatment. Upstream regulator analysis suggests that caffeine inhibits STAT1 signaling, which was confirmed by showing reduced phosphorylated STAT1 after caffeine treatment. Further studies exploring disease-modulating potential of caffeine in autoimmune diseases and further exploring the mechanisms involved are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Iris
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Nettleford SK, Prabhu KS. Selenium and Selenoproteins in Gut Inflammation-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7030036. [PMID: 29494512 PMCID: PMC5874522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by severe flares and remissions, is a debilitating condition. While the etiology is unknown, many immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells and innate lymphoid cells, are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Previous studies have shown the ability of micronutrient selenium (Se) and selenoproteins to impact inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, two transcription factors, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ, which are involved in the activation of immune cells, and are also implicated in various stages of inflammation and resolution, respectively, are impacted by Se status. Available therapies for IBD produce detrimental side effects, resulting in the need for alternative therapies. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of NF-κB and PPARγ in the activation of immune cells during IBD, and how Se and selenoproteins modulate effective resolution of inflammation to be considered as a promising alternative to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaneice K Nettleford
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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49
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Wefers C, Duiveman-de Boer T, Zusterzeel PLM, Massuger LFAG, Fuchs D, Torensma R, Wheelock CE, de Vries IJM. Different Lipid Regulation in Ovarian Cancer: Inhibition of the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010273. [PMID: 29342108 PMCID: PMC5796219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is altered in several cancer settings leading to different ratios of intermediates. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Cancer cells disperse in the abdominal space and ascites occurs. T cells obtained from ascites are unable to proliferate after an antigenic stimulus. The proliferation of ascites-derived T cells can be restored after culturing the cells for ten days in normal culture medium. No pathway aberrancies were detected. The acellular fraction of ascites can inhibit the proliferation of autologous as well as allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes, indicating the presence of soluble factors that interfere with T cell functionality. Therefore, we analyzed 109 lipid mediators and found differentially regulated lipids in suppressive ascitic fluid compared to normal abdominal fluid. Our study indicates the presence of lipid intermediates in ascites of ovarian cancer patients, which coincidences with T cell dysfunctionality. Since the immune system in the abdominal cavity is compromised, this may explain the high seeding efficiency of disseminated tumor cells. Further research is needed to fully understand the correlation between the various lipids and T cell proliferation, which could lead to new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wefers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tjitske Duiveman-de Boer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra L M Zusterzeel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - David Fuchs
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ruurd Torensma
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Howie D, Ten Bokum A, Necula AS, Cobbold SP, Waldmann H. The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1949. [PMID: 29375572 PMCID: PMC5770376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation and effector functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system are inextricably linked to cellular metabolism. The features of metabolism which affect both arms of the immune system include metabolic substrate availability, expression of enzymes, transport proteins, and transcription factors which control catabolism of these substrates, and the ability to perform anabolic metabolism. The control of lipid metabolism is central to the appropriate differentiation and functions of T lymphocytes, and ultimately to the maintenance of immune tolerance. This review will focus on the role of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in T cell differentiation, effector function, and survival. FAs are important sources of cellular energy, stored as triglycerides. They are also used as precursors to produce complex lipids such as cholesterol and membrane phospholipids. FA residues also become incorporated into hormones and signaling moieties. FAs signal via nuclear receptors and their channeling, between storage as triacyl glycerides or oxidation as fuel, may play a role in survival or death of the cell. In recent years, progress in the field of immunometabolism has highlighted diverse roles for FA metabolism in CD4 and CD8 T cell differentiation and function. This review will firstly describe the sensing and modulation of the environmental FAs and lipid intracellular signaling and will then explore the key role of lipid metabolism in regulating the balance between potentially damaging pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory regulatory responses. Finally the complex role of extracellular FAs in determining cell survival will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Howie
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annemieke Ten Bokum
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen Paul Cobbold
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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