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Repici A, Capra AP, Hasan A, Bulzomì M, Campolo M, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Ardizzone A. Novel Findings on CCR1 Receptor in CNS Disorders: A Pathogenic Marker Useful in Controlling Neuroimmune and Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4337. [PMID: 38673922 PMCID: PMC11050472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized as the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Even if PD etiopathogenesis is not yet fully understood, in recent years, it has been advanced that a chronic state of inflammation could play a decisive role in the development of this pathology, establishing the close link between PD and neuroinflammation. In the broad panorama of inflammation and its several signaling pathways, the C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) could play a key pathogenic role in PD progression, and could constitute a valuable target for the development of innovative anti-PD therapies. In this study, we probed the neuroprotective properties of the CCR1 antagonist BX471 compound in a mouse model of MPTP-induced nigrostriatal degeneration. BX471 treatments were performed intraperitoneally at a dose of 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg, starting 24 h after the last injection of MPTP and continuing for 7 days. From our data, BX471 treatment strongly blocked CCR1 and, as a result, decreased PD features, also reducing the neuroinflammatory state by regulating glial activation, NF-κB pathway, proinflammatory enzymes, and cytokines overexpression. Moreover, we showed that BX471's antagonistic action on CCR1 reduced the infiltration of immune cells, including mast cells and lymphocyte T activation. In addition, biochemical analyses carried out on serum revealed a considerable increase in circulating levels of CCR1 following MPTP-induced PD. In light of these findings, CCR1 could represent a useful pathological marker of PD, and its targeting could be a worthy candidate for the future development of new immunotherapies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.H.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.H.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Hasan
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.H.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.A.)
- School of Advanced Studies, Center of Neuroscience, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Bulzomì
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.H.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.H.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.H.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.H.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.P.C.); (A.H.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.A.)
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Zhou LL, Zhang T, Xue Y, Yue C, Pan Y, Wang P, Yang T, Li M, Zhou H, Ding K, Gan J, Ji H, Yang CG. Selective activator of human ClpP triggers cell cycle arrest to inhibit lung squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7069. [PMID: 37923710 PMCID: PMC10624687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-activation of mitochondrial ClpP exhibits promising anticancer properties. However, we are currently unaware of any studies using selective and potent ClpP activators in lung squamous cell carcinoma. In this work, we report on such an activator, ZK53, which exhibits therapeutic effects on lung squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. The crystal structure of ZK53/ClpP complex reveals a π-π stacking effect that is essential for ligand binding selectively to the mitochondrial ClpP. ZK53 features on a simple scaffold, which is distinct from the activators with rigid scaffolds, such as acyldepsipeptides and imipridones. ZK53 treatment causes a decrease of the electron transport chain in a ClpP-dependent manner, which results in declined oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in lung tumor cells. Mechanistically, ZK53 inhibits the adenoviral early region 2 binding factor targets and activates the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated-mediated DNA damage response, eventually triggering cell cycle arrest. Lastly, ZK53 exhibits therapeutic effects on lung squamous cell carcinoma cells in xenograft and autochthonous mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Chuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yihui Pan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Meixia Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kan Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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Elbaz-Hayoun S, Rinsky B, Hagbi-Levi S, Grunin M, Chowers I. CCR1 mediates Müller cell activation and photoreceptor cell death in macular and retinal degeneration. eLife 2023; 12:e81208. [PMID: 37903056 PMCID: PMC10615370 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear cells are involved in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we examined the mechanisms that underlie macrophage-driven retinal cell death. Monocytes were extracted from patients with AMD and differentiated into macrophages (hMdɸs), which were characterized based on proteomics, gene expression, and ex vivo and in vivo properties. Using bioinformatics, we identified the signaling pathway involved in macrophage-driven retinal cell death, and we assessed the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway. We found that M2a hMdɸs were associated with retinal cell death in retinal explants and following adoptive transfer in a photic injury model. Moreover, M2a hMdɸs express several CCRI (C-C chemokine receptor type 1) ligands. Importantly, CCR1 was upregulated in Müller cells in models of retinal injury and aging, and CCR1 expression was correlated with retinal damage. Lastly, inhibiting CCR1 reduced photic-induced retinal damage, photoreceptor cell apoptosis, and retinal inflammation. These data suggest that hMdɸs, CCR1, and Müller cells work together to drive retinal and macular degeneration, suggesting that CCR1 may serve as a target for treating these sight-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elbaz-Hayoun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Batya Rinsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shira Hagbi-Levi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Michelle Grunin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Sun W, Wang Q, Zhang R, Zhang N. Ketogenic diet attenuates neuroinflammation and induces conversion of M1 microglia to M2 in an EAE model of multiple sclerosis by regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibiting HDAC3 and P2X7R activation. Food Funct 2023; 14:7247-7269. [PMID: 37466915 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS); severe symptoms lead MS patients to use complementary treatments. Ketogenic diet (KD) shows wide neuroprotective effects, but the precise mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activity of KD in MS are unclear. The present study established a continuous 24 days experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model with or without KD. The changes in motor function, pathological hallmarks of EAE, the status of microglia, neuroinflammatory response and intracellular signaling pathways in mice were detected by the rotarod test, histological analysis, real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Our results showed that KD could prevent motor deficiency, reduce clinical scores, inhibit demyelination, improve pathological lesions and suppress microglial activation in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Meanwhile, KD shifted microglial polarization toward the protective M2 phenotype and modified the inflammatory milieu by downregulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as upregulating the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β. Furthermore, KD decreased the expression levels of CCL2, CCR2, CCL3, CCR1, CCR5, CXCL10 and CXCR3 in the spinal cord and spleen with reduced monocyte/macrophage infiltration in the CNS. In addition, KD inhibits NLRP3 activation in the microglia, as revealed by the significantly decreased co-expression of NLRP3+ and Iba-1+ in the KD + EAE group. Further studies demonstrated that KD suppresses inflammatory response and M1 microglial polarization by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, the JAK1/STAT1 pathway, HDAC3 and P2X7R activation, as well as up-regulation of JAK3/STAT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
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GPR75: An exciting new target in metabolic syndrome and related disorders. Biochimie 2022; 195:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Alluri SR, Higashi Y, Kil KE. PET Imaging Radiotracers of Chemokine Receptors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175174. [PMID: 34500609 PMCID: PMC8434599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been recognized as critical signal components that maintain the physiological functions of various cells, particularly the immune cells. The signals of chemokines/chemokine receptors guide various leukocytes to respond to inflammatory reactions and infectious agents. Many chemokine receptors play supportive roles in the differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of diverse tumor cells. In addition, the signaling functions of a few chemokine receptors are associated with cardiac, pulmonary, and brain disorders. Over the years, numerous promising molecules ranging from small molecules to short peptides and antibodies have been developed to study the role of chemokine receptors in healthy states and diseased states. These drug-like candidates are in turn exploited as radiolabeled probes for the imaging of chemokine receptors using noninvasive in vivo imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET). Recent advances in the development of radiotracers for various chemokine receptors, particularly of CXCR4, CCR2, and CCR5, shed new light on chemokine-related cancer and cardiovascular research and the subsequent drug development. Here, we present the recent progress in PET radiotracer development for imaging of various chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R. Alluri
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Kun-Eek Kil
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(573)-884-7885
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Weber SN, Nowak I, Grünhage F, Lammert F. Effects of blocking chemokine receptor CCR1 with BX471 in two models of fibrosis prevention and rescue in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101077. [PMID: 34337167 PMCID: PMC8313839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The induction, progression and resolution of liver fibrosis are influenced by multiple chemokines. The inhibition of CCR1 signalling by a specific non-peptide inhibitor (BX471) reduces kidney fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction via suppression of leukocyte recruitment in mice. However, it remains unclear whether selective CCR1 inhibition also affects hepatic fibrogenesis. Therefore we aimed to study the effect of this intervention on liver fibrosis in prevention (CCl4 administration) and rescue (ABCB4-deficient mice) mouse models. Methods In the prevention model, hepatic fibrosis was induced by repeated injections of CCl4. Additionally, the verum group was treated with subcutaneous injections of BX471, while controls received vehicle only. ABCB4 deficient mice (on the BALB/c-background) with sclerosing cholangitis and biliary fibrosis received BX471 or vehicle, respectively (rescue model). Liver histopathology was assessed after Sirius red staining of collagen, and hepatic collagen contents were measured. In addition, we performed gene expression analyses of fibrosis-related genes. Results BX471 injections were tolerated moderately well by all mice, and all mice developed hepatic fibrosis. Significant differences were neither observed in serum aminotransferase activities after 6 weeks of treatment between the two groups in the prevention nor in the rescue model. Interestingly, hepatic collagen contents were significantly higher in mice treated with BX471 in the prevention model as compared to controls but histological stages of liver sections did not differ. Of note, we observed only moderate effects on liver fibrosis in the ABCB4 knock-out model. Conclusions Our data indicate that BX471 treatment did neither affect serum and tissue markers of liver injury and fibrosis in the CCl4 model and only moderately in the Abcb4 -/- model of biliary fibrosis. The animal models indicate that treatment with BX471 alone is unlikely to exert major beneficial effects in chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne N Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Irina Nowak
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Grünhage
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,Hannover Health Sciences Campus, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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Ackun-Farmmer MA, Soto CA, Lesch ML, Byun D, Yang L, Calvi LM, Benoit DSW, Frisch BJ. Reduction of leukemic burden via bone-targeted nanoparticle delivery of an inhibitor of C-chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21402. [PMID: 33724567 PMCID: PMC8594422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000938rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leukemias are challenging diseases to treat due, in part, to interactions between leukemia cells and the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) that contribute significantly to disease progression. Studies have shown that leukemic cells secrete C-chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), to disrupt the BMME resulting in loss of hematopoiesis and support of leukemic cell survival and proliferation. In this study, a murine model of blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia (bcCML) that expresses the translocation products BCR/ABL and Nup98/HoxA9 was used to determine the role of CCL3 in BMME regulation. Leukemic cells derived from CCL3-/- mice were shown to minimally engraft in a normal BMME, thereby demonstrating that CCL3 signaling was necessary to recapitulate bcCML disease. Further analysis showed disruption in hematopoiesis within the BMME in the bcCML model. To rescue the altered BMME, therapeutic inhibition of CCL3 signaling was investigated using bone-targeted nanoparticles (NP) to deliver Maraviroc, an inhibitor of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), a CCL3 receptor. NP-mediated Maraviroc delivery partially restored the BMME, significantly reduced leukemic burden, and improved survival. Overall, our results demonstrate that inhibiting CCL3 via CCR5 antagonism is a potential therapeutic approach to restore normal hematopoiesis as well as reduce leukemic burden within the BMME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A. Ackun-Farmmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Celia A. Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maggie L. Lesch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Byun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lila Yang
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura M. Calvi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine Endocrine Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Frisch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218412. [PMID: 33182504 PMCID: PMC7665155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although many individual chemokines have been well researched, there has been no comprehensive review presenting the role of all known human CC chemokines in the hallmarks of cancer, and this paper aims at filling this gap. The first part of this review discusses the importance of CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 in cancer. Here, we discuss the significance of CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, and CCL26. The presentation of each chemokine includes its physiological function and then the role in tumor, including proliferation, drug resistance, migration, invasion, and organ-specific metastasis of tumor cells, as well as the effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the effects of each CC chemokine on the recruitment of cancer-associated cells to the tumor niche (eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), regulatory T cells (Treg)). On the other hand, we also present the anti-cancer properties of CC chemokines, consisting in the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).
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Dhaiban S, Al-Ani M, Elemam NM, Maghazachi AA. Targeting Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:619-633. [PMID: 33061527 PMCID: PMC7532903 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s270872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disorder that results in inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). MS symptoms include walking difficulties, visual weakening, as well as learning and memory impairment, thus affecting the quality of the patient's life. Chemokines and chemokine receptors are expressed on the immune cells as well as the CNS resident cells. Several sets of chemokine receptors and their ligands tend to be pathogenic players in MS, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL17, CCL19, CCL21, CCL22, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL16. Furthermore, current modulatory drugs that are used in the treatment of MS and its animal model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), affect the expression of several chemokine and chemokine receptors. In this review, we highlight the pathogenic roles of chemokines and their receptors as well as utilizing them as potential therapeutic targets through selective agents, such as specific antibodies and receptor blockers, or indirectly through MS or EAE immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dhaiban
- College of Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mena Al-Ani
- College of Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- College of Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Agnew-Francis KA, Williams CM. Squaramides as Bioisosteres in Contemporary Drug Design. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11616-11650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A. Agnew-Francis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Chen J, Dang Y, Feng W, Qiao C, Liu D, Zhang T, Wang Y, Tian D, Fan D, Nie Y, Wu K, Xia L. SOX18 promotes gastric cancer metastasis through transactivating MCAM and CCL7. Oncogene 2020; 39:5536-5552. [PMID: 32616889 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for advanced gastric cancer (GC) remain unsatisfying and limited. Therefore, it is still imperative to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying GC metastasis. Here, we report a novel role of SRY-box transcription factor 18 (SOX18), a member of the SOX family, in promoting GC metastasis. The elevated expression of SOX18 was positively correlated with distant metastasis, higher AJCC stage, and poor prognosis in human GC. SOX18 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for the recurrence and survival in GC patients. Up-regulation of SOX18 promoted GC invasion and metastasis, whereas down-regulation of SOX18 decreased GC invasion and metastasis. Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) are direct transcriptional targets of SOX18. Knockdown of MCAM and CCL7 significantly decreased SOX18-mediated GC invasion and metastasis, while the stable overexpression of MCAM and CCL7 reversed the decrease in cell invasion and metastasis that was induced by the inhibition of SOX18. A mechanistic investigation indicated that the upregulation of SOX18 that was mediated by the CCL7-CCR1 pathway relied on the ERK/ELK1 pathway. SOX18 knockdown significantly reduced CCL7-enhanced GC invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, BX471, a specific CCR1 inhibitor, significantly reduced the SOX18-mediated GC invasion and metastasis. In human GC tissues, SOX18 expression was positively correlated with CCL7 and MCAM expression, and patients with positive coexpression of SOX18/CCL7 or SOX18/MCAM had the worst prognosis. In conclusion, we defined a CCL7-CCR1-SOX18 positive feedback loop that played a pivotal role in GC metastasis, and targeting this pathway may be a promising therapeutic option for the clinical management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Dang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weibo Feng
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chenyang Qiao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Danfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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13
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Feng S, Ju L, Shao Z, Grzanna M, Jia L, Liu M. Therapeutic Effect of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 1 (CCR1) Antagonist BX471 on Allergic Rhinitis. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:343-356. [PMID: 32801828 PMCID: PMC7398876 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s254717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and Design Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory respiratory hypersensitivity characterized by elevated Th2 cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells to nasal tissues. BX471 is a small-molecule C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) antagonist involved in suppression of inflammation via blocking of primary ligands. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of BX471 on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice model. Materials and Methods Levels of OVA-specific IgE and Th1 cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nasal expression of proinflammatory mediators was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Nasal-cavity sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) to study eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia. Relative protein levels of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2) were assessed by Western Blot. Percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Treg) was measured by flow cytometry. Results Mice treated with BX471 showed significantly relieved sneezing and nasal-rubbing behaviors. The expression of nasal proinflammatory factors was significantly downregulated by BX471, and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and NF-kB were suppressed. Blockade of CCR1 ligands inhibited eosinophil recruitment in nasal cavity. In addition, Treg cells population were upregulated in BX471-treated mice. Conclusion BX471 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of AR by inhibiting CCR1-mediated TNF-α production, which subsequently suppresses NF-kB activation in inflammatory cells, leading to a decrease in Th2 cytokines, IL-1β, VCAM-1, GM-CSF, RANTES, and MIP-1α expression levels, thus inhibiting eosinophil recruitment to nasal mucosa. In addition, BX-471 exhibits anti-allergic effect by increasing Treg cell population. Overall, BX471 represents a promising therapeutic strategy against AR. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/ERjzrETqVkE
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Affiliation(s)
- Suoyi Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China.,Science Department, The John Carroll School, Bel Air, Maryland, USA
| | - Longzhu Ju
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark Grzanna
- Science Department, The John Carroll School, Bel Air, Maryland, USA
| | - Lu Jia
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province 030619, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150069, People's Republic of China
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14
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Watson AES, Goodkey K, Footz T, Voronova A. Regulation of CNS precursor function by neuronal chemokines. Neurosci Lett 2020; 715:134533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Larsen O, Lückmann M, van der Velden WJC, Oliva-Santiago M, Brvar M, Ulven T, Frimurer TM, Karlshøj S, Rosenkilde MM. Selective Allosteric Modulation of N-Terminally Cleaved, but Not Full Length CCL3 in CCR1. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:429-441. [PMID: 32259075 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines undergo post-translational modification such as N-terminal truncations. Here, we describe how N-terminal truncation of full length CCL3(1-70) affects its activity at CCR1. Truncated CCL3(5-70) has 10-fold higher potency and enhanced efficacy in β-arrestin recruitment, but less than 2-fold increased potencies in G protein signaling determined by calcium release, cAMP and IP3 formation. Small positive ago-allosteric ligands modulate the two CCL3 variants differently as the metal ion chelator bipyridine in complex with zinc (ZnBip) enhances the binding of truncated, but not full length CCL3, while a size-increase of the chelator to a chloro-substituted terpyridine (ZnClTerp), eliminates its allosteric, but not agonistic action. By employing a series of receptor mutants and in silico modeling we describe residues of importance for chemokine and small molecule binding. Notably, the chemokine receptor-conserved Glu2877.39 interacts with the N-terminal amine of truncated CCL3(5-70) and with Zn2+ of ZnBip, thereby bridging their binding sites and enabling the positive allosteric effect. Our study emphasizes that small allosteric molecules may act differently toward chemokine variants and thus selectively modulate interactions of specific chemokine subsets with their cognate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Larsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Lückmann
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wijnand J C van der Velden
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Oliva-Santiago
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matjaz Brvar
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Karlshøj
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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He P, Zhou W, Liu M, Chen Y. Recent Advances of Small Molecular Regulators Targeting G Protein- Coupled Receptors Family for Oncology Immunotherapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1464-1483. [PMID: 31264549 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190628115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The great clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) and PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitor therapies suggests the drawing of a cancer immunotherapy age. However, a considerable proportion of cancer patients currently receive little benefit from these treatment modalities, indicating that multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms exist in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we mainly discuss recent advances in small molecular regulators targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) that are associated with oncology immunomodulation, including chemokine receptors, purinergic receptors, prostaglandin E receptor EP4 and opioid receptors. Moreover, we outline how they affect tumor immunity and neoplasia by regulating immune cell recruitment and modulating tumor stromal cell biology. We also summarize the data from recent clinical advances in small molecular regulators targeting these GPCRs, in combination with immune checkpoints blockers, such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA4 inhibitors, for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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17
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Harcken C, Kuzmich D, Cook B, Mao C, Disalvo D, Razavi H, Swinamer A, Liu P, Zhang Q, Kukulka A, Skow D, Patel M, Patel M, Fletcher K, Sherry T, Joseph D, Smith D, Canfield M, Souza D, Bogdanffy M, Berg K, Brown M. Identification of novel azaindazole CCR1 antagonist clinical candidates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:441-448. [PMID: 30595446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exploring various cyclization strategies, using a submicromolar pyrazole HTS screening hit 6 as a starting point, a novel indazole based CCR1 antagonist core was discovered. This report presents the design and SAR of CCR1 indazole and azaindazole antagonists leading to the identification of three development compounds, including 19e that was advanced to early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harcken
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA.
| | - Daniel Kuzmich
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Brain Cook
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Can Mao
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Darren Disalvo
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Hossein Razavi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Alan Swinamer
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Pingrong Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Alison Kukulka
- Compound Profiling Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Donna Skow
- Compound Profiling Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Mita Patel
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Monica Patel
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Kimberly Fletcher
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Tara Sherry
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - David Joseph
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Dustin Smith
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Melissa Canfield
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Donald Souza
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Matthew Bogdanffy
- Non-Clinical Drug Safety Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Karen Berg
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Maryanne Brown
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
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18
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Harcken C, Sarko C, Mao C, Lord J, Raudenbush B, Razavi H, Liu P, Swinamer A, Disalvo D, Lee T, Lin S, Kukulka A, Grbic H, Patel M, Patel M, Fletcher K, Joseph D, White D, Amodeo L, Berg K, Brown M, Thomson DS. Discovery and optimization of pyrazole amides as antagonists of CCR1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:435-440. [PMID: 30455146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A HTS screen for CCR1 antagonists afforded a novel sub-micromolar hit 5 containing a pyrazole core. In this report the design, optimization, and SAR of novel CCR1 antagonists based on a pyrazole core motif is presented. Optimization led to the advanced candidate compounds (S)-16q and (S)-16r with 250-fold improved CCR1 potency, excellent off-target selectivity and attractive drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harcken
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA.
| | - Christopher Sarko
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Can Mao
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - John Lord
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Brian Raudenbush
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Hossein Razavi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Pingrong Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Alan Swinamer
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Darren Disalvo
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Thomas Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Siqi Lin
- Compound Profiling Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Alison Kukulka
- Compound Profiling Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Heather Grbic
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Mita Patel
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Monica Patel
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Kim Fletcher
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - David Joseph
- Drug Discovery Support Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Della White
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Laura Amodeo
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Karen Berg
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - Maryanne Brown
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - David S Thomson
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
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19
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Ortiz Zacarías NV, van Veldhoven JPD, Portner L, van Spronsen E, Ullo S, Veenhuizen M, van der Velden WJC, Zweemer AJM, Kreekel RM, Oenema K, Lenselink EB, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. Pyrrolone Derivatives as Intracellular Allosteric Modulators for Chemokine Receptors: Selective and Dual-Targeting Inhibitors of CC Chemokine Receptors 1 and 2. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9146-9161. [PMID: 30256641 PMCID: PMC6328288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
recent crystal structures of CC chemokine receptors 2 and 9
(CCR2 and CCR9) have provided structural evidence for an allosteric,
intracellular binding site. The high conservation of residues involved
in this site suggests its presence in most chemokine receptors, including
the close homologue CCR1. By using [3H]CCR2-RA-[R], a high-affinity, CCR2 intracellular ligand, we report
an intracellular binding site in CCR1, where this radioligand also
binds with high affinity. In addition, we report the synthesis and
biological characterization of a series of pyrrolone derivatives for
CCR1 and CCR2, which allowed us to identify several high-affinity
intracellular ligands, including selective and potential multitarget
antagonists. Evaluation of selected compounds in a functional [35S]GTPγS assay revealed that they act as inverse agonists
in CCR1, providing a new manner of pharmacological modulation. Thus,
this intracellular binding site enables the design of selective and
multitarget inhibitors as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ortiz Zacarías
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus P D van Veldhoven
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Laura Portner
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Eric van Spronsen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Salviana Ullo
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Margo Veenhuizen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Wijnand J C van der Velden
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Annelien J M Zweemer
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Roy M Kreekel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Kenny Oenema
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Eelke B Lenselink
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety , Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
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20
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Dedoni S, Campbell LA, Harvey BK, Avdoshina V, Mocchetti I. The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 75 signaling is activated by the chemokine CCL5. J Neurochem 2018; 146:526-539. [PMID: 29772059 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CCL5 prevents neuronal cell death mediated both by amyloid β, as well as the human immunodeficiency virus viral proteins gp120 and Tat. Because CCL5 binds to CCR5, CCR3 and/or CCR1 receptors, it remains unclear which of these receptors plays a role in neuroprotection. Indeed, CCL5 also has neuroprotective activity in cells lacking these receptors. CCL5 may bind to a G-protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75), which encodes for a 540 amino-acid orphan receptor of the Gqα family. In this study, we have used SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to characterize whether CCL5 could activate a Gq signaling through GPR75. Both qPCR and flow cytometry show that these cells express GPR75 but do not express CCR5, CCR3 or CCR1 receptors. SY-SY5Y cells were then used to examine CCL5-mediated signaling. We report that CCL5 promotes a time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Specific antagonists of CCR5, CCR3, and CCR1 did not prevent CCL5 from increasing phosphorylated AKT or ERK. Moreover, CCL5 promotes a time-dependent internalization of GPR75. Lastly, knocking down GPR75 expression by a CRISPR-Cas9 approach inhibited the ability of CCL5 to activate pERK in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, we propose that GPR75 is a novel receptor for CCL5 that could explain some of the pharmacological action of this chemokine. These findings may help in the development of small molecule GPR75 agonists that mimic CCL5. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lee A Campbell
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Biochemical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Biochemical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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21
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Wilson JJ, Foyle KL, Foeng J, Norton T, McKenzie DR, Payne N, Bernard CC, McColl SR, Comerford I. Redirecting adult mesenchymal stromal cells to the brain: a new approach for treating CNS autoimmunity and neuroinflammation? Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:347-357. [PMID: 29377354 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells or stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to participate in tissue repair and are immunomodulatory in neuropathological settings. Given this, their potential use in developing a new generation of personalized therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) will be explored. To effectively exert these effector functions, MSCs must first gain entry into damaged neural tissues, a process that has been demonstrated to be a limiting factor in their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss approaches to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs by altering their intrinsic trafficking programs to effectively enter neuropathological sites. To this end, we explore the significant role of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules in directing cellular traffic to the inflamed CNS and the capacity of MSCs to adopt these molecular mechanisms to gain entry to this site. We postulate that understanding and exploiting these migratory mechanisms may be key to the development of cell-based therapies tailored to respond to the migratory cues unique to the nature and stage of progression of individual CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine J Wilson
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kerrie L Foyle
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jade Foeng
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Todd Norton
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Duncan R McKenzie
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Natalie Payne
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Claude C Bernard
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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22
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Trummer D, Walzer A, Groettrup-Wolfers E, Schmitz H. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of the CCR1 antagonist BAY 86-5047 for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96:694-701. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Trummer
- R&D Statistics; Bayer Pharma AG; Global Development; Berlin Germany
| | - Anja Walzer
- Global Clinical Development; Bayer Pharma AG; Global Development; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Heinz Schmitz
- Global Clinical Development; Bayer Pharma AG; Global Development; Berlin Germany
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23
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Ntumngia FB, Thomson-Luque R, Pires CV, Adams JH. The role of the human Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines in malaria susceptibility: current opinions and future treatment prospects. JOURNAL OF RECEPTOR, LIGAND AND CHANNEL RESEARCH 2016; 9:1-11. [PMID: 28943755 PMCID: PMC5608092 DOI: 10.2147/jrlcr.s99725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) is a nonspecific receptor for several proinflammatory cytokines. It is homologous to the G-protein chemokine receptor superfamily, which is suggested to function as a scavenger in many inflammatory-and proinflammatory-related diseases. G-protein chemokine receptors are also known to play a critical role in infectious diseases; they are commonly used as entry vehicles by infectious agents. A typical example is the chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 used by HIV for infecting target cells. In malaria, DARC is considered an essential receptor that mediates the entry of the human and zoonotic malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi into human reticulocytes and erythrocytes, respectively. This process is mediated through interaction with the parasite ligand known as the Duffy binding protein (DBP). Most therapeutic strategies have been focused on blocking the interaction between DBP and DARC by targeting the parasite ligand, while strategies targeting the receptor, DARC, have not been intensively investigated. The rapid increase in drug resistance and the lack of new effective drugs or a vaccine for malaria constitute a major threat and a need for novel therapeutics to combat disease. This review explores strategies that can be used to target the receptor. Inhibitors of DARC, which block DBP-DARC interaction, can potentially provide an effective strategy for preventing malaria caused by P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis B Ntumngia
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Richard Thomson-Luque
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Camilla V Pires
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John H Adams
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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24
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Crescioli C. Chemokines and transplant outcome. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Santella JB, Gardner DS, Duncia JV, Wu H, Dhar M, Cavallaro C, Tebben AJ, Carter PH, Barrish JC, Yarde M, Briceno SW, Cvijic ME, Grafstrom RR, Liu R, Patel SR, Watson AJ, Yang G, Rose AV, Vickery RD, Caceres-Cortes J, Caporuscio C, Camac DM, Khan JA, An Y, Foster WR, Davies P, Hynes J. Discovery of the CCR1 Antagonist, BMS-817399, for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7550-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Santella
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Daniel S. Gardner
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - John V. Duncia
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Hong Wu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Murali Dhar
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Cullen Cavallaro
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Andrew J. Tebben
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Percy H. Carter
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joel C. Barrish
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Melissa Yarde
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Stephanie W. Briceno
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - R. Robert Grafstrom
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Richard Liu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Sima R. Patel
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Andrew J. Watson
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Guchen Yang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Anne V. Rose
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Rodney D. Vickery
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Janet Caceres-Cortes
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Christian Caporuscio
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Daniel M. Camac
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Javed A. Khan
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Yongmi An
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - William R. Foster
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Paul Davies
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - John Hynes
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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26
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Structure activity relationships of fused bicyclic and urea derivatives of spirocyclic compounds as potent CCR1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:108-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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28
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Bachelerie F, Ben-Baruch A, Burkhardt AM, Combadiere C, Farber JM, Graham GJ, Horuk R, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Locati M, Luster AD, Mantovani A, Matsushima K, Murphy PM, Nibbs R, Nomiyama H, Power CA, Proudfoot AEI, Rosenkilde MM, Rot A, Sozzani S, Thelen M, Yoshie O, Zlotnik A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. [corrected]. LXXXIX. Update on the extended family of chemokine receptors and introducing a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:1-79. [PMID: 24218476 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, the large family of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors that regulates immune system development and function, in large part by mediating leukocyte trafficking. This was announced in Pharmacological Reviews in a major overview of the first decade of research in this field [Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hébert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, and Power CA (2000) Pharmacol Rev 52:145-176]. Since then, several new receptors have been discovered, and major advances have been made for the others in many areas, including structural biology, signal transduction mechanisms, biology, and pharmacology. New and diverse roles have been identified in infection, immunity, inflammation, development, cancer, and other areas. The first two drugs acting at chemokine receptors have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), maraviroc targeting CCR5 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, and plerixafor targeting CXCR4 for stem cell mobilization for transplantation in cancer, and other candidates are now undergoing pivotal clinical trials for diverse disease indications. In addition, a subfamily of atypical chemokine receptors has emerged that may signal through arrestins instead of G proteins to act as chemokine scavengers, and many microbial and invertebrate G protein-coupled chemokine receptors and soluble chemokine-binding proteins have been described. Here, we review this extended family of chemokine receptors and chemokine-binding proteins at the basic, translational, and clinical levels, including an update on drug development. We also introduce a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors with the stem ACKR (atypical chemokine receptor) approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology and the Human Genome Nomenclature Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Bachelerie
- Chair, Subcommittee on Chemokine Receptors, Nomenclature Committee-International Union of Pharmacology, Bldg. 10, Room 11N113, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
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29
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Hossain N, Ivanova S, Timén ÅS, Bergare J, Mussie T, Bergström L. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of zwitterionic spirocyclic compounds as potent CCR1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4026-30. [PMID: 23769642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of zwitterionic spirocyclic compounds were synthesised. In vitro data revealed that these compounds were potent CCR1 antagonists. In particular, 2, 4, 11 and 20 inhibited CCR1 mediated chemotaxis of THP-1 cells in a functional assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafizal Hossain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
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30
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Gardner DS, Santella JB, Duncia JV, Carter PH, Dhar T, Wu H, Guo W, Cavallaro C, Van Kirk K, Yarde M, Briceno SW, Robert Grafstrom R, Liu R, Patel SR, Tebben AJ, Camac D, Khan J, Watson A, Yang G, Rose A, Foster WR, Cvijic ME, Davies P, Hynes J. The discovery of BMS-457, a potent and selective CCR1 antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3833-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Hossain N, Ivanova S, Bergare J, Mensonides-Harsema M, Cooper ME. Design, synthesis and structure activity relationships of spirocyclic compounds as potent CCR1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3500-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Hossain N, Ivanova S, Bergare J, Eriksson T. Spirocyclic compounds, potent CCR1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1883-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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O'Hayre M, Salanga CL, Handel TM, Hamel DJ. Emerging concepts and approaches for chemokine-receptor drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 5:1109-22. [PMID: 21132095 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.525633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Chemokine receptors are most noted for their role in cell migration. However, inappropriate utilization or regulation of these receptors is implicated in many inflammatory diseases, cancer and HIV, making them important drug targets. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Allostery, oligomerization and ligand bias are presented as they pertain to chemokine receptors and their associated pathologies.Specific examples of each are described from the recent literature and their implications are discussed in terms of drug discovery efforts targeting chemokine receptors. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Insight into the expanding view of the multitude of pharmacological variables that need to be considered or that may be exploited in chemokine receptor drug discovery. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Since 2007, two drugs targeting chemokine receptors have been approved by the FDA, Maraviroc for preventing HIV infection and Mozobil™ for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. While these successes permit optimism for chemokine receptors as drug targets, only recently has the complexity of this system begun to be appreciated. The concepts of allosteric inhibitors, biased ligands and functional selectivity raise the possibility that drugs with precisely-defined properties can be developed. Other complexities such as receptor oligomerization and tissue-specific functional states of receptors also offer opportunities for increased target and response specificity, although it will be more challenging to translate these ideas into approved therapeutics compared to traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan O'Hayre
- University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy andPharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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34
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Cavallaro CL, Briceno S, Chen J, Cvijic ME, Davies P, Hynes J, Liu RQ, Mandlekar S, Rose AV, Tebben AJ, Van Kirk K, Watson A, Wu H, Yang G, Carter PH. Discovery and Lead Optimization of a Novel Series of CC Chemokine Receptor 1 (CCR1)-Selective Piperidine Antagonists via Parallel Synthesis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9643-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cullen L. Cavallaro
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Stephanie Briceno
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Paul Davies
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - John Hynes
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Rui-Qin Liu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Sandhya Mandlekar
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Anne V. Rose
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Andrew J. Tebben
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Katy Van Kirk
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Andrew Watson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Hong Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Guchen Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Percy H. Carter
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540, United States
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- James Pease
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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36
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Jensen PC, Thiele S, Steen A, Elder A, Kolbeck R, Ghosh S, Frimurer TM, Rosenkilde MM. Reversed binding of a small molecule ligand in homologous chemokine receptors - differential role of extracellular loop 2. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:258-75. [PMID: 22050085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The majority of small molecule compounds targeting chemokine receptors share a similar pharmacophore with a centrally located aliphatic positive charge and flanking aromatic moieties. Here we describe a novel piperidine-based compound with structural similarity to previously described CCR8-specific agonists, but containing a unique phenyl-tetrazol moiety which, in addition to activity at CCR8 was also active at CCR1. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Single point mutations were introduced in CCR1 and CCR8, and their effect on small molecule ligand-induced receptor activation was examined through inositol trisphosphate (IP(3) ) accumulation. The molecular interaction profile of the agonist was verified by molecular modeling. KEY RESULTS The chemokine receptor conserved glutamic acid in TM-VII served as a common anchor for the positively charged amine in the piperidine ring. However, whereas the phenyl-tetrazol group interacted with TyrIV:24 (Tyr(172) ) and TyrIII:09 (Tyr(114) ) in the major binding pocket (delimited by TM-III to VII) of CCR8, it also interacted with TrpII:20 (Trp(90) ) and LysII:24 (Lys(94) ) in the minor counterpart (delimited TM-I to III, plus TM-VII) in CCR1. A straightening of TM-II by Ala-substitution of ProII:18 confirmed its unique role in CCR1. The extracellular loop 2 (ECL-2) contributed directly to the small molecule binding site in CCR1, whereas it contributed to efficacy, but not potency in CCR8. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Despite high ligand potency and efficacy and receptor similarity, this dual-active and bitopic compound binds oppositely in CCR1 and CCR8 with different roles of ECL-2, thereby expanding and diversifying the influence of extracellular receptor regions in drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Allegretti M, Cesta MC, Garin A, Proudfoot AE. Current status of chemokine receptor inhibitors in development. Immunol Lett 2012; 145:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Beuthien-Baumann B, Holthoff VA, Mäding P, Bergmann R, Pawelke B, Holl G, von Kummer R, Kotzerke J, van den Hoff J. 18F-labelled CCR1-receptor antagonist is not suitable for imaging of Alzheimer's disease. Nuklearmedizin 2012; 51:239-43. [PMID: 22684530 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0457-12-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) relies on typical alterations of brain glucose metabolism which are, however, not disease specific. Amyloid-β imaging has not entered clinical routine yet. Post mortem histological specimen of brain tissue from AD patients revealed enhanced expression of the chemotactic cytocine receptor 1 (CCR1). PARTICIPANTS, METHODS CCR1-antagonist ZK811460 was labeled with fluorine-18 to explore its possible use as specific diagnostic tool in AD. Tracer characterization comprising PET imaging of brain and metabolite analysis was performed in AD patients and controls. RESULTS Neither qualitative evaluation nor quantitative compartment analysis of PET data did show any enhanced binding of the 18F-labeled CCR1-antagonist in the brain of AD patients or controls. CONCLUSION 18F-ZK811460 did not fulfill the expectation as diagnostic tracer in PET imaging of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Beuthien-Baumann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Du C, Xie X. G protein-coupled receptors as therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis. Cell Res 2012; 22:1108-28. [PMID: 22664908 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate most of our physiological responses to hormones, neurotransmitters and environmental stimulants. They are considered as the most successful therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by immune-mediated demyelination and degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). It is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Great progress has been made over the past few decades in understanding the pathogenesis of MS. Numerous data from animal and clinical studies indicate that many GPCRs are critically involved in various aspects of MS pathogenesis, including antigen presentation, cytokine production, T-cell differentiation, T-cell proliferation, T-cell invasion, etc. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the expression or functional changes of GPCRs in MS patients or animal models, and the influences of GPCRs on disease severity upon genetic or pharmacological manipulations. Hopefully some of these findings will lead to the development of novel therapies for MS in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Du
- Laboratory of Receptor-Based BioMedicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a key process used in drug discovery to identify hits from compound libraries that may become leads for medicinal chemistry optimization. This updated overview discusses the utilization of compound libraries, compounds derived from combinatorial and parallel synthesis campaigns and natural product sources; creation of mother and daughter plates; and compound storage, handling, and bar coding in HTS. The unit also presents an overview of established and emerging assay technologies (i.e., time-resolved fluorescence, fluorescence polarization, fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy, functional whole cell assays, and high-content assays) and their integration in automation hardware and IT systems. This revised unit provides updated descriptions of state-of-the-art instrumentation and technologies in this rapidly changing environment. The section on assay methodologies now also covers enzyme complementation assays and methods for high-throughput screening of ion channel activities. Finally, a section on criteria for assay robustness is included discussing the Z'-factor, which is now a widely accepted criterion for evaluation and validation of high throughput screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Entzeroth
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Pham K, Luo D, Liu C, Harrison JK. CCL5, CCR1 and CCR5 in murine glioblastoma: immune cell infiltration and survival rates are not dependent on individual expression of either CCR1 or CCR5. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 246:10-7. [PMID: 22425022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor. Microglia/macrophages are found within human GBM where they likely promote tumor progression. We report that CCL5, CCR1, and CCR5 are expressed in glioblastoma. Individual deletion of CCR1 or CCR5 had little to no effect on survival of tumor bearing mice, or numbers of glioblastoma-infiltrated microglia/macrophages or lymphocytes. CCL5 promoted in vitro migration of wild type, CCR1- or CCR5-deficient microglia/macrophages that was blocked by the dual CCR1/CCR5 antagonist, Met-CCL5. These data suggest that CCL5 functions within the glioblastoma microenvironment through CCR1 and CCR5 in a redundant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
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Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR1 has been the target of intensive research for nearly two decades. Small-molecule antagonists were first reported in 1998 and, since then, many inhibitors for CCR1 have been brought forth. Yet, with all the money and time spent, to date, no small-molecule antagonists have successfully moved past Phase II clinical trials. With the current advancement of CCR1 antagonists by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Chemocentrix, there has been renewed interest. In this review, we present an overview of CCR1, its activating ligands, methods of signaling, and downstream response. We discuss studies that indicate CCR1 plays an important role in multiple myeloma and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, we present an overview of the clinical and preclinical compounds for CCR1. We address individual structures, discuss their pharmacological précis, and summarize the published evidence to assess their value for use in multiple myeloma.
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Lazaar AL, Sweeney LE, MacDonald AJ, Alexis NE, Chen C, Tal-Singer R. SB-656933, a novel CXCR2 selective antagonist, inhibits ex vivo neutrophil activation and ozone-induced airway inflammation in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 72:282-93. [PMID: 21426372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Receptor antagonists that block the binding of chemokines such as CXCL8 (IL-8) are effective in animals models of neutrophil-mediated inflammation. It has been hypothesized that selective inhibition of neutrophil trafficking and activation may be a useful adjunct for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. A CXCR1/2 receptor antagonist has shown activity in an ozone challenge model in humans. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS SB-656933, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, is safe and well-tolerated at single doses and is shown to inhibit agonist (CXCL1)-mediated expression of the CD11b on peripheral blood neutrophils as well as ozone-induced airway neutrophilia in healthy subjects. AIMS To determine the safety and tolerability of a novel selective CXCR2 antagonist and assess its pharmacodynamic effects using measures of neutrophil activation and function, including CD11b expression in whole blood and ozone-induced airway inflammation in healthy subjects. METHODS Flow cytometric determination of ex vivo CXCL1-induced CD11b expression on peripheral blood neutrophils was performed following single dose oral administration of SB-656933 (dose range 2-1100 mg). A subsequent randomized study (placebo, 50 mg and 150 mg) was performed to explore the dose-response for ozone-induced airway inflammation, as measured by sputum biomarkers. RESULTS Oral administration of SB-656933 resulted in significant inhibition of CXCL1-induced CD11b expression on peripheral blood neutrophils at single doses greater than or equal to 50 mg. Maximum inhibition (70%) relative to placebo was observed following administration of SB-656933 400 mg (95% CI 60%, 77%). This was sustained up to a dose of 1100 mg. Single doses of SB-656933 reduced ozone-induced airway inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Relative to placebo, there were 55% (95% CI 20%, 75%) and 74% (95% CI 55%, 85%) fewer neutrophils in the sputum of subjects after a single dose of 50 mg or 150 mg, respectively. There was a corresponding reduction in myeloperoxidase concentrations in the sputum supernatant of 32.8% (95% CI 9.2, 50.3) and 50.5% (95% CI 33.3, 63.3). SB-656933 was safe and well-tolerated at all doses. CONCLUSIONS SB-656933 is a CXCR2 antagonist that demonstrates dose-dependent effects on neutrophil activation and recruitment within a well-tolerated dose range. These data suggest that SB-656933 may be an effective agent in neutrophil-predominant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili L Lazaar
- COPD Clinical Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
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Vallet S, Raje N. Bone anabolic agents for the treatment of multiple myeloma. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2011; 4:339-49. [PMID: 22139744 PMCID: PMC3234318 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The majority of patients with multiple myeloma develop bone osteolytic lesions, which may lead to severe complications, including pain and fractures. The pathogenesis of bone disease depends on uncoupled bone remodeling, characterized by increased bone resorption due to upregulation of osteoclast activity and decreased bone formation due to osteoblast inhibition. In myeloma, impaired osteoblast differentiation and increased apoptosis have been described. Responsible for these effects are integrin-mediated adhesion to tumor cells and soluble factors, including WNT antagonists, BMP2 inhibitors and numerous cytokines. Based on the evidence of osteoblast suppression in myeloma, bone anabolic agents have been developed and are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Due to bidirectional inhibitory effects characterizing tumor cells and osteoblasts interactions, agents targeting osteoblasts are expected to reduce tumor burden along with improvement of bone health. This review summarizes the current knowledge on osteoblast inhibition in myeloma and provides an overview on the clinical grade agents with bone anabolic properties, which represent new promising therapeutic strategies in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vallet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, POB 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)/University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Noopur Raje
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, POB 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Shahlaei M, Madadkar-Sobhani A, Fassihi A, Saghaie L. Exploring a Model of a Chemokine Receptor/Ligand Complex in an Explicit Membrane Environment by Molecular Dynamics Simulation: The Human CCR1 Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:2717-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ci200261f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Shahlaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Armin Madadkar-Sobhani
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, C\ Jordi Girona 31, Edificio Nexus II, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
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Bhalay G, Albrecht B, Akhlaq M, Baettig U, Beer D, Brown Z, Charlton S, Dunstan A, Bradley M, Gedeck P, Glen A, Howe T, Keller T, Leighton-Davies J, Li A, McCarthy C, Mocquet C, Owen C, Nicklin P, Rosethorne E. Design and synthesis of a library of chemokine antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6249-52. [PMID: 21940167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A library of chemokine antagonists has been synthesized using a combination of solid and solution-phase chemistry. Structures of known chemokine antagonists were used to produce a pharmacophore which served to guide monomer selection. Several combinations of monomers have resulted in providing novel chemokine antagonists which in some cases display dual chemokine receptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdip Bhalay
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, UK.
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Koelink PJ, Overbeek SA, Braber S, de Kruijf P, Folkerts G, Smit MJ, Kraneveld AD. Targeting chemokine receptors in chronic inflammatory diseases: an extensive review. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 133:1-18. [PMID: 21839114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The traffic of the different types of immune cells is an important aspect in the immune response. Chemokines are soluble peptides that are able to attract cells by interaction with chemokine receptors on their target cells. Several different chemokines and receptors exist enabling the specific trafficking of different immune cells. In chronic inflammatory disorders there is abundance of immune cells present at the inflammatory site. This review focuses on the role of chemokine receptors in chronic inflammatory disorders of the lungs, intestine, joints, skin and nervous system and the potential of targeting these receptors as therapeutic intervention in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J Koelink
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION By directing cell trafficking, differentiation and growth, chemokines modulate the immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). MM, the second most common hematological malignancy in the US, is characterized by disordered plasma cell growth within the bone marrow microenvironment. CCL3 and its receptors, CCR1 in particular, play a central role in the pathogenesis of MM and MM-induced osteolytic bone disease. AREAS COVERED This review describes the functional role of CCR1 in MM and the preclinical results observed with CCR1 antagonists. CCL3 and CCR1 stimulate tumor growth, both directly and indirectly, via upregulation of cell adhesion and cytokine secretion. In addition, they modulate the osteoclast/osteoblast balance, by inducing osteoclast differentiation and inhibiting osteoblast function. Targeting either ligand or receptor reverses these effects, leading to in vivo tumor burden control and prevention of osteolysis, as confirmed in both murine and humanized mouse models. EXPERT OPINION These promising data set the stage for clinical trials to assess the effects of CCR1 inhibitors in MM. The success of these studies depends on the development of novel antagonists with improved chemical/physical properties and careful selection of the patient population who may benefit the most from these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vallet
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Hematology Oncology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Kraneveld AD, Braber S, Overbeek S, de Kruijf P, Koelink P, Smit MJ. Chemokine Receptors in Inflammatory Diseases. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527631995.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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