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Yao J, Sterling K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Song W. The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38177104 PMCID: PMC10766654 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a major role in sensing inflammatory signals and triggering the innate immune response. Each inflammasome complex has three major components: an upstream sensor molecule that is connected to a downstream effector protein such as caspase-1 through the adapter protein ASC. Inflammasome formation typically occurs in response to infectious agents or cellular damage. The active inflammasome then triggers caspase-1 activation, followed by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. Aberrant inflammasome activation and activity contribute to the development of diabetes, cancer, and several cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, recent research has increasingly focused on investigating the mechanisms that regulate inflammasome assembly and activation, as well as the potential of targeting inflammasomes to treat various diseases. Multiple clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the therapeutic potential of several distinct inflammasome-targeting therapies. Therefore, understanding how different inflammasomes contribute to disease pathology may have significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this article, we provide a summary of the biological and pathological roles of inflammasomes in health and disease. We also highlight key evidence that suggests targeting inflammasomes could be a novel strategy for developing new disease-modifying therapies that may be effective in several conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Kodar K, Dangerfield EM, Foster AJ, Forsythe D, Ishizuka S, McConnell MJ, Yamasaki S, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. Aryl-functionalised α,α'-Trehalose 6,6'-Glycolipid Induces Mincle-independent Pyroptotic Cell Death. Inflammation 2023:10.1007/s10753-023-01814-5. [PMID: 37140682 PMCID: PMC10359228 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
α,α'-Trehalose 6,6'-glycolipids have long been known for their immunostimulatory properties. The adjuvanticity of α,α'-trehalose 6,6'-glycolipids is mediated by signalling through the macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) and the induction of an inflammatory response. Herein, we present an aryl-functionalised trehalose glycolipid, AF-2, that leads to the release of cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, MIP-2 and TNF-α, in a Mincle-dependent manner. Furthermore, plate-coated AF-2 also leads to the Mincle-independent production of IL-1β, which is unprecedented for this class of glycolipid. Upon investigation into the mode of action of plate-coated AF-2, it was observed that the treatment of WT and Mincle-/- bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM), murine RAW264.7 cells, and human monocytes with AF-2 led to lytic cell death, as evidenced using Sytox Green and lactate dehydrogenase assays, and confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The requirement for functional Gasdermin D and Caspase-1 for IL-1β production and cell death by AF-2 confirmed pyroptosis as the mode of action of AF-2. The inhibition of NLRP3 and K+ efflux reduced AF-2 mediated IL-1β production and cell death, and allowed us to conclude that AF-2 leads to Capase-1 dependent NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cell death. The unique mode of action of plate-coated AF-2 was surprising and highlights how the physical presentation of Mincle ligands can lead to dramatically different immunological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Kodar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Emma M Dangerfield
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amy J Foster
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Devlin Forsythe
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shigenari Ishizuka
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Melanie J McConnell
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Gao S, Sun Y, Lu Z, Jiang N, Yao H. Synergistic antibacterial and biofilm eradication activity of quaternary-ammonium compound with copper ion. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112190. [PMID: 36965431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics overuse and misuse increase the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, which often leads to the failure of conventional antibiotic therapies. Even worse, the tendency of bacteria to form biofilms further increases the therapeutic difficulty, because the extracellular matrix prevents the penetration of antibiotics and triggers bacterial tolerance. Therefore, developing novel antibacterial agents or therapeutic strategies with diverse antibacterial mechanisms and destruction of bacteria biofilm is a promising way to combat bacterial infections. In the present study, the combination of quaternary ammonium compound poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) with Cu2+ was screened out to fight common pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) through multi-mechanisms. This combination appeared strong synergistic antibacterial activity, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index was as low as 0.032. The synergistic antibacterial mechanism involved the destruction of the membrane function, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen, and promotion more Cu2+ into the cytoplasm. Further, the combination of PDDA and Cu2+ reduced the extracellular polysaccharide matrix, meanwhile killing the bacteria embedded in the biofilm. The biocompatibility study in vitro revealed this combination exhibited low cytotoxicity and hemolysis ratio even at 8 times of minimum bactericidal concentration. This work provides a novel antibacterial agents combination with higher efficiency to fight planktonic and biofilm conditions of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtai Gao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yujun Sun
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
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Essential Minerals and Metabolic Adaptation of Immune Cells. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010123. [PMID: 36615781 PMCID: PMC9824256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyles deviated considerably from the ancestral routines towards major shifts in diets and increased sedentarism. The trace elements status of the human body is no longer adequately supported by micronutrient-inferior farmed meats and crop commodities produced by the existing agricultural food systems. This is particular evident in the increased obesogenic adipogenesis and low-grade inflammation that fails to resolve with time. The metabolically restrictive environment of the inflamed tissues drives activation and proliferation of transient and resident populations of immune cells in favor of pro-inflammatory phenotypes, as well as a part of the enhanced autoimmune response. As different stages of the immune activation and resolution depend on the availability of specific minerals to maintain the structural integrity of skin and mucus membranes, activation and migration of immune cells, activation of the complement system, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, this review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of select minerals in optimizing the responses of innate and adaptive immune outcomes. An abbreviated view on the absorption, transport, and delivery of minerals to the body tissues as related to metabolic adaptation is considered.
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Wu H, Huang R, Fan J, Luo N, Yang X. Low potassium disrupt intestinal barrier and result in bacterial translocation. Lab Invest 2022; 20:309. [PMID: 35794599 PMCID: PMC9258207 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bacterial translocation was observed in critical illness and patients with chronic diseases such as liver cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypokalemia is a common complication in these diseases. Whether low potassium diet may increase intestinal permeability and result in bacterial translocation lack of evidence. The present study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of LK on intestinal permeability.
Methods
Grade 8-week-old male Bal B/C mice were randomly placed either on a normal potassium (NK) mouse chow or a low potassium (LK) diet for 28 days. Intestinal permeability and expression of tight junction proteins were compared between the two groups.
Results
Compared with the NK group, the mice in LK group had significantly lower serum potassium level, increased levels of plasmas endotoxin and plasma d-lactate. The bacterial translocation was higher and in occurred mainly in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver and spleen. The pathologic change of small intestine was obvious with thinner villus lamina propria, shorter crypt depth and thinner intestinal wall. Slight increases in the expression of proteins and mRNA levels of both claudin-1 and claudin-2 were observed in LK group.
Conclusions
Low potassium diet could increase intestinal permeability and thereby lead to bacterial translocation, which was suspected to result from impaired intestinal epithelial barrier and biological barrier.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:199. [PMID: 35752612 PMCID: PMC9233671 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cancer, and severe infection requiring ventilation, such as COVID-19. P. aeruginosa is also a widely-used model bacterium for all biological areas. In addition to continued, intense efforts in understanding bacterial pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, 6 type secretion systems, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas and their regulation), rapid progress has been made in further studying host-pathogen interaction, particularly host immune networks involving autophagy, inflammasome, non-coding RNAs, cGAS, etc. Furthermore, numerous technologic advances, such as bioinformatics, metabolomics, scRNA-seq, nanoparticles, drug screening, and phage therapy, have been used to improve our understanding of P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and host defense. Nevertheless, much remains to be uncovered about interactions between P. aeruginosa and host immune responses, including mechanisms of drug resistance by known or unannotated bacterial virulence factors as well as mammalian cell signaling pathways. The widespread use of antibiotics and the slow development of effective antimicrobials present daunting challenges and necessitate new theoretical and practical platforms to screen and develop mechanism-tested novel drugs to treat intractable infections, especially those caused by multi-drug resistance strains. Benefited from has advancing in research tools and technology, dissecting this pathogen's feature has entered into molecular and mechanistic details as well as dynamic and holistic views. Herein, we comprehensively review the progress and discuss the current status of P. aeruginosa biophysical traits, behaviors, virulence factors, invasive regulators, and host defense patterns against its infection, which point out new directions for future investigation and add to the design of novel and/or alternative therapeutics to combat this clinically significant pathogen.
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Artlett CM. The Mechanism and Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050634. [PMID: 35625564 PMCID: PMC9138796 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is often the end result of chronic inflammation. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. This leads to structural alterations in the tissue, causing permanent damage and organ dysfunction. Depending on the organ it effects, fibrosis can be a serious threat to human life. The molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still not fully understood, but the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin–domain–containing protein 3) inflammasome appears to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been the most extensively studied inflammatory pathway to date. It is a crucial component of the innate immune system, and its activation mediates the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 activation has been strongly linked with fibrosis and drives the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by the chronic upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 and subsequent autocrine signaling that maintains an activated inflammasome. Both IL-1β and IL-18 are profibrotic, however IL-1β can have antifibrotic capabilities. NLRP3 responds to a plethora of different signals that have a common but unidentified unifying trigger. Even after 20 years of extensive investigation, regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is still not completely understood. However, what is known about NLRP3 is that its regulation and activation is complex and not only driven by various activators but controlled by numerous post-translational modifications. More recently, there has been an intensive attempt to discover NLRP3 inhibitors to treat chronic diseases. This review addresses the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in fibrotic disorders across many different tissues. It discusses the relationships of various NLRP3 activators to fibrosis and covers different therapeutics that have been developed, or are currently in development, that directly target NLRP3 or its downstream products as treatments for fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Artlett
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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Abstract
Potassium is an essential mineral nutrient required by all living cells for normal physiological function. Therefore, maintaining intracellular potassium homeostasis during bacterial infection is a requirement for the survival of both host and pathogen. However, pathogenic bacteria require potassium transport to fulfill nutritional and chemiosmotic requirements, and potassium has been shown to directly modulate virulence gene expression, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Host cells also require potassium to maintain fundamental biological processes, such as renal function, muscle contraction, and neuronal transmission; however, potassium flux also contributes to critical immunological and antimicrobial processes, such as cytokine production and inflammasome activation. Here, we review the role and regulation of potassium transport and signaling during infection in both mammalian and bacterial cells and highlight the importance of potassium to the success and survival of each organism.
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Xu Q, Zhao B, Ye Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Gu L. Relevant mediators involved in and therapies targeting the inflammatory response induced by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:123. [PMID: 34059091 PMCID: PMC8166383 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a member of the NLR family of inherent immune cell sensors. The NLRP3 inflammasome can detect tissue damage and pathogen invasion through innate immune cell sensor components commonly known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs promote activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thus increasing the transcription of genes encoding proteins related to the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a complex with multiple components, including an NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, and TP1 (NACHT) domain; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC); and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. After ischemic stroke, the NLRP3 inflammasome can produce numerous proinflammatory cytokines, mediating nerve cell dysfunction and brain edema and ultimately leading to nerve cell death once activated. Ischemic stroke is a disease with high rates of mortality and disability worldwide and is being observed in increasingly younger populations. To date, there are no clearly effective therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. Understanding the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide novel ideas and approaches because targeting of upstream and downstream molecules in the NLRP3 pathway shows promise for ischemic stroke therapy. In this manuscript, we summarize the existing evidence regarding the composition and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the molecules involved in inflammatory pathways, and corresponding drugs or molecules that exert effects after cerebral ischemia. This evidence may provide possible targets or new strategies for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yina Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Zhang MJ, Gao W, Liu S, Siu SPK, Yin M, Ng JCW, Chow VLY, Chan JYW, Wong TS. CD38 triggers inflammasome-mediated pyroptotic cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2895-2908. [PMID: 33042624 PMCID: PMC7539785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death. Although it is recognized that NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome is involved in pyroptosis activation, the mechanism by which head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) inhibits pyroptotic cell death remains undefined. This study aims to delineate the role of calcium regulator CD38 in NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in HNSCC. METHODS CD38 overexpressing HNSCC cell lines (SAS, CAL27, SNU899) were generated using lentiviral vectors. NLRP3 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) quantity were detected using Western blot. Caspase-1 activity changes were measured using the Caspase-Glo® 1 inflammasome assay. Cell death proportion was determined by flow cytometry analysis. Proliferation assay was performed using xCELLigence RTCA system. Mouse xenotransplantation was performed to evaluate the potential oncogenic or tumor-suppressive function of CD38. ChIP assay was conducted to verify whether transcription factor NFAT1-mediated NLRP3 expression. RESULTS Exogenous calcium treatment can lead to a significant increase in caspase-1 activity in HNSCC. This feature was also observed in HNSCC cells with stable CD38 overexpression. CD38-overexpressing cell lines showed a significant reduction in proliferation. Further, expression of NLRP3 protein level was significantly increased in CD38-overexpressing cell lines. The N-terminal effector domain of GSDMD was remarkably increased in the CD38-overexpressing HNSCC. ChIP assay indicated that calcium-sensitive transcription factor NFAT1 was possibly involved in the transcriptional upregulation of NLRP3 observed in CD38-overexpressing HNSCC. The pre-clinical xenograft model revealed that CD38 expression had an inhibiting function on HNSCC progression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggested that activation of pyroptosis in HNSCC is a calcium-dependent process. Reduced expression of calcium ion regulator CD38 functions could prevent inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in HNSCC. CD38 may function as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Juan Zhang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sharie Pui-Kei Siu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Judy Chun-Wai Ng
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Velda Ling-Yu Chow
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Verma V, Kumar P, Gupta S, Yadav S, Dhanda RS, Thorlacius H, Yadav M. α-Hemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in THP-1 macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12653. [PMID: 32724079 PMCID: PMC7387347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysin expressing UPEC strains have been associated with severe advanced kidney pathologies, such as cystitis and pyelonephritis, which are associated with an inflammatory response. Macrophages play an important role in regulating an inflammatory response during a urinary tract infection. We have studied the role of purified recombinant α-hemolysin in inducing inflammatory responses and cell death in macrophages. Acylation at lysine residues through HlyC is known to activate proHlyA into a fully functional pore-forming toxin, HlyA. It was observed that active α-hemolysin (HlyA) induced cleavage of caspase-1 leading to the maturation of IL-1β, while inactive α-hemolysin (proHlyA) failed to do so in THP-1 derived macrophages. HlyA also promotes deubiquitination, oligomerization, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was found to be dependent on potassium efflux. We have also observed the co-localization of NLRP3 within mitochondria during HlyA stimulations. Moreover, blocking of potassium efflux improved the mitochondrial health in addition to a decreased inflammatory response. Our study demonstrates that HlyA stimulation caused perturbance in potassium homeostasis, which led to the mitochondrial dysfunction followed by an acute inflammatory response, resulting in cell death. However, the repletion of intracellular potassium stores could avoid HlyA induced macrophage cell death. The findings of this study will help to understand the mechanism of α-hemolysin induced inflammatory response and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Hugh Kaul Genetics Building, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sonal Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rakesh Singh Dhanda
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Longboat Explorers AB, SMiLE Incubator, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Thorlacius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Surgery, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Surgery, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Campos PC, Gomes MTR, Marinho FAV, Guimarães ES, de Moura Lodi Cruz MGF, Oliveira SC. Brucella abortus nitric oxide metabolite regulates inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in murine macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1023-1037. [PMID: 30919410 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex crucial to caspase-1 activation and IL-1β and IL-18 maturation. This receptor participates in innate immune responses to different pathogens, including the bacteria of genus Brucella. Our group recently demonstrated that Brucella abortus-induced IL-1β secretion involves NLRP3 inflammasome and it is partially dependent on mitochondrial ROS production. However, other factors could be involved, such as P2X7-dependent potassium efflux, membrane destabilization, and cathepsin release. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that nitric oxide acts as a modulator of NLRP3 inflammasome. The aim of this study was to unravel the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by B. abortus, as well as the involvement of bacterial nitric oxide (NO) as a modulator of this inflammasome pathway. We demonstrated that NO produced by B. abortus can be used by the bacteria to modulate IL-1β secretion in infected murine macrophages. Additionally, our results suggest that B. abortus-induced IL-1β secretion depends on a P2X7-independent potassium efflux, lysosomal acidification, cathepsin release, mechanisms clearly associated to NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, our results help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 activation and regulation during an intracellular bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Carneiro Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Antônio Vitarelli Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erika Sousa Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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13
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Manganese induces neuroinflammation via NF-κB/ROS NLRP3 pathway in rat brain striatum and HAPI cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Chen IY, Moriyama M, Chang MF, Ichinohe T. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Viroporin 3a Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:50. [PMID: 30761102 PMCID: PMC6361828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) regulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. We previously showed that influenza virus M2 or encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 2B proteins stimulate IL-1β secretion following activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, the mechanism by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome remains unknown. Here, we provide direct evidence that SARS-CoV 3a protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. SARS-CoV 3a was sufficient to cause the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The ion channel activity of the 3a protein was essential for 3a-mediated IL-1β secretion. While cells uninfected or infected with a lentivirus expressing a 3a protein defective in ion channel activity expressed NLRP3 uniformly throughout the cytoplasm, NLRP3 was redistributed to the perinuclear space in cells infected with a lentivirus expressing the 3a protein. K+ efflux and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were important for SARS-CoV 3a-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results highlight the importance of viroporins, transmembrane pore-forming viral proteins, in virus-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Yin Chen
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyu Moriyama
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming-Fu Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takeshi Ichinohe
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Ghiasi SM, Dahllöf MS, Osmai Y, Osmai M, Jakobsen KK, Aivazidis A, Tyrberg B, Perruzza L, Prause MCB, Christensen DP, Fog-Tonnesen M, Lundh M, Grassi F, Chatenoud L, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Regulation of the β-cell inflammasome and contribution to stress-induced cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:106-114. [PMID: 30121202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Cells may be a source of IL-1β that is produced as inactive pro-IL-1β and processed into biologically-active IL-1β by enzymatic cleavage mediated by the NLRP1-, NLRP3- and NLRC4-inflammasomes. Little is known about the β-cell inflammasomes. NLRP1-expression was upregulated in islet-cells from T2D-patients and by IL-1β+IFNγ in INS-1 cells in a histone-deacetylase dependent manner. NLRP3 was downregulated by cytokines in INS-1 cells. NLRC4 was barely expressed and not regulated by cytokines. High extracellular K+ reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis and NO production and restored cytokine-inhibited accumulated insulin-secretion. Basal inflammasome expression was JNK1-3 dependent. Knock-down of the ASC interaction domain common for NLRP1 and 3 improved insulin secretion and ameliorated IL-1β and/or glucolipotoxicity-induced cell death and reduced cytokine-induced NO-production. Broad inflammasome-inhibition, but not NLRP3-selective inhibition, protected against IL-1β-induced INS-1 cell-toxicity. We suggest that IL-1β causes β-cell toxicity in part by NLRP1 mediated caspase-1-activation and maturation of IL-1β leading to an autocrine potentiation loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Ghiasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Salling Dahllöf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yama Osmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirwais Osmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Aivazidis
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Perruzza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Dan Ploug Christensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Fog-Tonnesen
- Diabetes Biology and Hagedorn Research Institute, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Xia Y, Chen S, Zhu G, Huang R, Yin Y, Ren W. Betaine Inhibits Interleukin-1β Production and Release: Potential Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2670. [PMID: 30515160 PMCID: PMC6255979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a critical nutrient for mammal health, and has been found to alleviate inflammation by lowering interleukin (IL)-1β secretion; however, the underlying mechanisms by which betaine inhibits IL-1β secretion remain to be uncovered. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the mechanisms of betaine in IL-1β production and release. For IL-1β production, betaine affects canonical and non-canonical inflammasome-mediated processing of IL-1β through signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, NLRP3 and caspase-8/11. For IL-1β release, betaine inhibits IL-1β release through blocking the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing secretory lysosomes, reducing the shedding of IL-1β-containing plasma membrane microvesicles, suppressing the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing exosomes, and attenuating the passive efflux of IL-1β across hyperpermeable plasma membrane during pyroptotic cell death, which are associated with ERK1/2/PLA2 and caspase-8/A-SMase signaling pathways. Collectively, this review highlights the anti-inflammatory property of betaine by inhibiting the production and release of IL-1β, and indicates the potential application of betaine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in various inflammatory diseases associating with IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Academics Working Station at The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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17
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Gulyuk AV, LaJeunesse DR, Collazo R, Ivanisevic A. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Films on Different Inorganic Surfaces before and after UV Light Exposure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10806-10815. [PMID: 30122052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The changes of the surface properties of Au, GaN, and SiO x after UV light irradiation were used to actively influence the process of formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa films. The interfacial properties of the substrates were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The changes in the P. aeruginosa film properties were accessed by analyzing adhesion force maps and quantifying the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The collected analysis indicates that the alteration of the inorganic materials' surface chemistry can lead to differences in biofilm formation and variable response from P. aeruginosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Gulyuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Dennis R LaJeunesse
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering , University of North Carolina-Greensboro and North Carolina A&T State University , Greensboro , North Carolina 27401 , United States
| | - Ramon Collazo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Albena Ivanisevic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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18
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Raba DA, Rosas-Lemus M, Menzer WM, Li C, Fang X, Liang P, Tuz K, Minh DDL, Juárez O. Characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa NQR complex, a bacterial proton pump with roles in autopoisoning resistance. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15664-15677. [PMID: 30135204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a large number of nosocomial infections. The P. aeruginosa respiratory chain contains the ion-pumping NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NQR). This enzyme couples the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone to the pumping of sodium ions across the cell membrane, generating a gradient that drives essential cellular processes in many bacteria. In this study, we characterized P. aeruginosa NQR (Pa-NQR) to elucidate its physiologic function. Our analyses reveal that Pa-NQR, in contrast with NQR homologues from other bacterial species, is not a sodium pump, but rather a completely new form of proton pump. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that cation selectivity could be determined by the exit ion channels. We also show that Pa-NQR is resistant to the inhibitor 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO). HQNO is a quinolone secreted by P. aeruginosa during infection that acts as a quorum sensing agent and also has bactericidal properties against other bacteria. Using comparative analysis and computational modeling of the ubiquinone-binding site, we identified the specific residues that confer resistance toward this inhibitor. In summary, our findings indicate that Pa-NQR is a proton pump rather than a sodium pump and is highly resistant against the P. aeruginosa-produced compound HQNO, suggesting an important role in the adaptation against autotoxicity. These results provide a deep understanding of the metabolic role of NQR in P. aeruginosa and provide insight into the structural factors that determine the functional specialization in this family of respiratory complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William M Menzer
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and.,Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Chen Li
- Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Xuan Fang
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
| | | | - Karina Tuz
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
| | - David D L Minh
- Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
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19
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces local and systemic inflammation aimed to eliminate microorganisms and tissue damage. However, an increasing number of clinical conditions have been identified in which IL-1 production is considered inappropriate and IL-1 is part of the disease etiology. In autoinflammatory diseases, gout, Schnitzler's syndrome, and adult-onset Still's disease, high levels of inappropriate IL-1 production have been shown to be a key process in the etiology of the disease. In these conditions, blocking IL-1 has proven very effective in clinical studies. In other diseases, IL-1 has shown to be present in disease process but is not the central driving force of inflammation. In these conditions, including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and several neoplastic diseases, the benefits of IL-1 blockade are minimal or absent.
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20
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Ramachandran RA, Lupfer C, Zaki H. The Inflammasome: Regulation of Nitric Oxide and Antimicrobial Host Defence. Adv Microb Physiol 2018; 72:65-115. [PMID: 29778217 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signalling molecule that plays diverse physiological functions including antimicrobial host defence. During microbial infection, NO is synthesized by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is expressed by host immune cells through the recognition of microbial pattern molecules. Therefore, sensing pathogens or their pattern molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are located at the cell surface, endosomal and phagosomal compartment, or in the cytosol, is key in inducing iNOS and eliciting antimicrobial host defence. A group of cytosolic PRRs is involved in inducing NO and other antimicrobial molecules by forming a molecular complex called the inflammasome. Assembled inflammasomes activate inflammatory caspases, such as caspase-1 and caspase-11, which in turn process proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 into their mature forms and induce pyroptotic cell death. IL-1β and IL-18 play a central role in immunity against microbial infection through activation and recruitment of immune cells, induction of inflammatory molecules, and regulation of antimicrobial mediators including NO. Interestingly, NO can also regulate inflammasome activity in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Here, we discuss molecular mechanisms of inflammasome formation and the inflammasome-mediated regulation of host defence responses during microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Zaki
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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21
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Ding HG, Deng YY, Yang RQ, Wang QS, Jiang WQ, Han YL, Huang LQ, Wen MY, Zhong WH, Li XS, Yang F, Zeng HK. Hypercapnia induces IL-1β overproduction via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome: implication in cognitive impairment in hypoxemic adult rats. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:4. [PMID: 29304864 PMCID: PMC5755461 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is one of common complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Increasing evidence suggests that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) plays a role in inducing neuronal apoptosis in cognitive dysfunction. The lung protective ventilatory strategies, which serve to reduce pulmonary morbidity for ARDS patients, almost always lead to hypercapnia. Some studies have reported that hypercapnia contributes to the risk of cognitive impairment and IL-1β secretion outside the central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying mechanism of hypercapnia aggravating cognitive impairment under hypoxia has remained uncertain. This study was aimed to explore whether hypercapnia would partake in increasing IL-1β secretion via activating the NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome in the hypoxic CNS and in aggravating cognitive impairment. Methods The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that underwent hypercapnia/hypoxemia were used for assessment of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expression by Western blotting or double immunofluorescence, and the model was also used for Morris water maze test. In addition, Z-YVAD-FMK, a caspase-1 inhibitor, was used to treat BV-2 microglia to determine whether activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was required for the enhancing effect of hypercapnia on expressing IL-1β by Western blotting or double immunofluorescence. The interaction effects were analyzed by factorial ANOVA. Simple effects analyses were performed when an interaction was observed. Results There were interaction effects on cognitive impairment, apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and upregulation of IL-1β between hypercapnia treatment and hypoxia treatment. Hypercapnia + hypoxia treatment caused more serious damage to the learning and memory of rats than those subjected to hypoxia treatment alone. Expression levels of Bcl-2 were reduced, while that of Bax and caspase-3 were increased by hypercapnia in hypoxic hippocampus. Hypercapnia markedly increased the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in hypoxia-activated microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and release of IL-1β might ameliorate apoptosis of neurons. Conclusions The present results suggest that hypercapnia-induced IL-1β overproduction via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome by hypoxia-activated microglia may augment neuroinflammation, increase neuronal cell death, and contribute to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Ding
- Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Emergency, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Yu Deng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ren-Qiang Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiao-Sheng Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yong-Li Han
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lin-Qiang Huang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miao-Yun Wen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Hong Zhong
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-Ke Zeng
- Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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22
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Grinstein L, Endter K, Hedrich CM, Reinke S, Luksch H, Schulze F, Robertson AAB, Cooper MA, Rösen-Wolff A, Winkler S. An optimized whole blood assay measuring expression and activity of NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Clin Immunol 2017; 191:100-109. [PMID: 29183866 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory protease caspase-1 plays pivotal roles in central pathways of innate immunity, thereby contributing to pathogen clearance. Beside its physiological role, dysregulated activity of caspase-1 is known to contribute to an increasing number of diseases. In this study, we optimized and validated a low-volume human whole blood assay facilitating the measurement of caspase-1 activation and inflammasome-related gene expression upon stimulation of the NLRP3, NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Using the NLRP3 inflammasome specific inhibitor MCC950, we were able to measure the activity of canonical or alternative NLRP3 pathways, AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in whole blood. Based on our data we assume a superposition of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activities in human whole blood following stimulation with S. typhimurium. The optimized whole blood assay may be suitable for diagnostic and research purposes for pediatric patients who can only donate small amounts of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Grinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Endter
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sören Reinke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Hella Luksch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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23
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Ranson N, Kunde D, Eri R. Regulation and Sensing of Inflammasomes and Their Impact on Intestinal Health. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112379. [PMID: 29120406 PMCID: PMC5713348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-containing protein receptors (NLRs) and the pyrin and hematopoitic interferon-inducible nuclear protein (HIN) domain (PYHIN) receptors initiate the inflammatory response following cell stress or pathogenic challenge. When activated, some of these receptors oligomerize to form the structural backbone of a signalling platform known as an inflammasome. Inflammasomes promote the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The gut dysregulation of the inflammasome complex is thought to be a contributing factor in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The importance of inflammasomes to intestinal health has been emphasized by various inflammasome-deficient mice in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) models of intestinal inflammation and by the identification of novel potential candidate genes in population-based human studies. In this review, we summarise the most recent findings with regard to the formation, sensing, and regulation of the inflammasome complex and highlight their importance in maintaining intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ranson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
| | - Dale Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
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Wang W, Shi Q, Dou S, Li G, Shi X, Jiang X, Wang Z, Yu D, Chen G, Wang R, Xiao H, Hou C, Feng J, Shen B, Ma Y, Han G. Negative regulation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation by T cell Ig mucin-3 protects against peritonitis. Immunology 2017; 153:71-83. [PMID: 28799242 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays roles in host defence against invading pathogens and in the development of autoimmune damage. Strict regulation of these responses is important to avoid detrimental effects. Here, we demonstrate that T cell Ig mucin-3 (Tim-3), an immune checkpoint inhibitor, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by damping basal and lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor-κB-mediated up-regulation of NLRP3 and interleukin-1β during the priming step and basal and ATP/lipopolysaccharide-induced ATP production, K+ efflux, and reactive oxygen species production during the activation step. Residues Y256/Y263 in the C-terminal region of Tim-3 are required for these inhibitory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome. In mice with alum-induced peritonitis, blockade of Tim-3 exacerbates peritonitis by overcoming the inhibitory effect of Tim-3 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while transgenic expression of Tim-3 attenuates inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our results show that Tim-3 is a critical negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome and provides a potential target for intervention of diseases with uncontrolled inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qingzhu Shi
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaijie Dou
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhui Shi
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwei Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiding Wang
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Institute of Immunology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Yang J, Lee KM, Park S, Cho Y, Lee E, Park JH, Shin OS, Son J, Yoon SS, Yu JW. Bacterial Secretant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dampens Inflammasome Activation in a Quorum Sensing-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2017; 8:333. [PMID: 28396663 PMCID: PMC5366846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome signaling can contribute to host innate immune defense against bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, bacterial evasion of host inflammasome activation is still poorly elucidated. Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial communication mechanism that promotes coordinated adaptation by triggering expression of a wide range of genes. QS is thought to strongly contribute to the virulence of P. aeruginosa, but the molecular impact of bacterial QS on host inflammasome defense is completely unknown. Here, we present evidence that QS-related factors of the bacterial secretant (BS) from P. aeruginosa can dampen host inflammasome signaling in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. We found that BS from QS-defective ΔlasR/rhlR mutant, but not from wild-type (WT) P. aeruginosa, induces robust activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome. P. aeruginosa-released flagellin mediates this inflammasome activation by ΔlasR/rhlR secretant, but QS-regulated bacterial proteases in the WT BS impair extracellular flagellin to attenuate NLRC4 inflammasome activation. P. aeruginosa-secreted proteases also degrade inflammasome components in the extracellular space to inhibit the propagation of inflammasome-mediated responses. Furthermore, QS-regulated virulence factor pyocyanin and QS autoinducer 3-oxo-C12-homoserine lactone directly suppressed NLRC4- and even NLRP3-mediated inflammasome assembly and activation. Taken together, our data indicate that QS system of P. aeruginosa facilitates bacteria to evade host inflammasome-dependent sensing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Kang-Mu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sangjun Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Yoeseph Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sang Sun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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26
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Balza E, Piccioli P, Carta S, Lavieri R, Gattorno M, Semino C, Castellani P, Rubartelli A. Proton pump inhibitors protect mice from acute systemic inflammation and induce long-term cross-tolerance. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2304. [PMID: 27441656 PMCID: PMC4973356 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of sepsis is increasing, representing a tremendous burden for health-care systems. Death in acute sepsis is attributed to hyperinflammatory responses, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We report here that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which block gastric acid secretion, selectively inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated human monocytes in vitro, in the absence of toxic effects. Remarkably, the oversecretion of IL-1β that represents a hallmark of monocytes from patients affected by cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome is also blocked. Based on these propaedeutic experiments, we tested the effects of high doses of PPIs in vivo in the mouse model of endotoxic shock. Our data show that a single administration of PPI protected mice from death (60% survival versus 5% of untreated mice) and decreased TNF-α and IL-1β systemic production. PPIs were efficacious even when administered after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. PPI-treated mice that survived developed a long-term cross-tolerance, becoming resistant to LPS- and zymosan-induced sepsis. In vitro, their macrophages displayed impaired TNF-α and IL-1β to different TLR ligands. PPIs also prevented sodium thioglycollate-induced peritoneal inflammation, indicating their efficacy also in a non-infectious setting independent of TLR stimulation. Lack of toxicity and therapeutic effectiveness make PPIs promising new drugs against sepsis and other severe inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Balza
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - P Piccioli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - S Carta
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - R Lavieri
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - M Gattorno
- Pediatrics II Unit, G Gaslini Institute, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - C Semino
- Protein Transport Unit, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, San Raffaele Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - P Castellani
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - A Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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27
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F-actin dampens NLRP3 inflammasome activity via Flightless-I and LRRFIP2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29834. [PMID: 27431477 PMCID: PMC4949445 DOI: 10.1038/srep29834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 and ASC are able to form a large multimeric complex called inflammasome in response to a number danger signals. The NLRP3 inflammasome is required for the activation of caspase-1 and subsequent maturation of pro-IL-1β into active IL-1β. Although the mechanisms regulating the formation and activity of NLRP3 inflammasome are yet not fully elucidated, data suggest that the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome requires microtubules to induce the proximity of ASC and NLRP3. In this study we show that microfilaments (F-actin) inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activity and interact with NLRP3 and ASC. We demonstrate that the inhibition depends on the actin polymerization state but not on the active polymerization process. In ATP- or nigericin-activated macrophages, our data further indicate that Flightless-I (FliI) and leucine-rich repeat FliI-interaction protein 2 (LRRFIP2) are required for the co-localization of NLRP3, ASC and F-actin. We also established that the ability of Ca2+ to accentuate the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome is abrogated in FliI- and LRRFIP2-knockdown macrophages, suggesting that Ca2+ signaling requires the presence of FliI and LRRFIP2. Accordingly, we observed that Ca2+/FliI-dependent severing of F-actin suppresses F-actin/FliI/LRRFIP2-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition leading to increase IL-1β production. Altogether, our results unveil a new function of F-actin in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity strengthening the importance of cytoskeleton in the regulation of inflammation.
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28
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Brauer EK, Ahsan N, Dale R, Kato N, Coluccio AE, Piñeros MA, Kochian LV, Thelen JJ, Popescu SC. The Raf-like Kinase ILK1 and the High Affinity K+ Transporter HAK5 Are Required for Innate Immunity and Abiotic Stress Response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1470-84. [PMID: 27208244 PMCID: PMC4902592 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other environmental stresses trigger transient ion fluxes at the plasma membrane. Apart from the role of Ca(2+) uptake in signaling, the regulation and significance of PAMP-induced ion fluxes in immunity remain unknown. We characterized the functions of INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE1 (ILK1) that encodes a Raf-like MAP2K kinase with functions insufficiently understood in plants. Analysis of ILK1 mutants impaired in the expression or kinase activity revealed that ILK1 contributes to plant defense to bacterial pathogens, osmotic stress sensitivity, and cellular responses and total ion accumulation in the plant upon treatment with a bacterial-derived PAMP, flg22. The calmodulin-like protein CML9, a negative modulator of flg22-triggered immunity, interacted with, and suppressed ILK1 kinase activity. ILK1 interacted with and promoted the accumulation of HAK5, a putative (H(+))/K(+) symporter that mediates a high-affinity uptake during K(+) deficiency. ILK1 or HAK5 expression was required for several flg22 responses including gene induction, growth arrest, and plasma membrane depolarization. Furthermore, flg22 treatment induced a rapid K(+) efflux at both the plant and cellular levels in wild type, while mutants with impaired ILK1 or HAK5 expression exhibited a comparatively increased K(+) loss. Taken together, our results position ILK1 as a link between plant defense pathways and K(+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Brauer
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Renee Dale
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Naohiro Kato
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Alison E Coluccio
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Miguel A Piñeros
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Leon V Kochian
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Jay J Thelen
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Sorina C Popescu
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
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29
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Guignot J, Tran Van Nhieu G. Bacterial Control of Pores Induced by the Type III Secretion System: Mind the Gap. Front Immunol 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 27014264 PMCID: PMC4783396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are specialized secretion apparatus involved in the virulence of many Gram-negative pathogens, enabling the injection of bacterial type III effectors into host cells. The T3SS-dependent injection of effectors requires the insertion into host cell membranes of a pore-forming "translocon," whose effects on cell responses remain ill-defined. As opposed to pore-forming toxins that damage host cell plasma membranes and induce cell survival mechanisms, T3SS-dependent pore formation is transient, being regulated by cell membrane repair mechanisms or bacterial effectors. Here, we review host cell responses to pore formation induced by T3SSs associated with the loss of plasma membrane integrity and regulation of innate immunity. We will particularly focus on recent advances in mechanisms controlling pore formation and the activity of the T3SS linked to type III effectors or bacterial proteases. The implications of the regulation of the T3SS translocon activity during the infectious process will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guignot
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7241, Paris, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
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30
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Abstract
For many years innate immunity was regarded as a relatively nonspecific set of mechanisms serving as a first line of defence to contain infections while the more refined adaptive immune response was developing. The discovery of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) revolutionised the prevailing view of innate immunity, revealing its intimate connection with adaptive immunity and generation of effector and memory T- and B-cell responses. Among the PRRs, families of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLR), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein receptors (NLRs), along with a number of cytosolic DNA sensors and the family of absent in melanoma (AIM)-like receptors (ALRs), have been characterised. NLR sensors have been a particular focus of attention, and some NLRs have emerged as key orchestrators of the inflammatory response through the formation of large multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes. However, several other functions not related to inflammasomes have also been described for NLRs. This chapter introduces the different families of PRRs, their signalling pathways, cross-regulation and their roles in immunosurveillance. The structure and function of NLRs is also discussed with particular focus on the non-inflammasome NLRs.
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31
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Yaron JR, Gangaraju S, Rao MY, Kong X, Zhang L, Su F, Tian Y, Glenn HL, Meldrum DR. K(+) regulates Ca(2+) to drive inflammasome signaling: dynamic visualization of ion flux in live cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1954. [PMID: 26512962 PMCID: PMC5399176 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
P2X7 purinergic receptor engagement with extracellular ATP induces transmembrane potassium and calcium flux resulting in assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-primed macrophages. The role of potassium and calcium in inflammasome regulation is not well understood, largely due to limitations in existing methods for interrogating potassium in real time. The use of KS6, a novel sensor for selective and sensitive dynamic visualization of intracellular potassium flux in live cells, multiplexed with the intracellular calcium sensor Fluo-4, revealed a coordinated relationship between potassium and calcium. Interestingly, the mitochondrial potassium pool was mobilized in a P2X7 signaling, and ATP dose-dependent manner, suggesting a role for mitochondrial sensing of cytosolic ion perturbation. Through treatment with extracellular potassium we found that potassium efflux was necessary to permit sustained calcium entry, but not transient calcium flux from intracellular stores. Further, intracellular calcium chelation with BAPTA-AM indicated that P2X7-induced potassium depletion was independent of calcium mobilization. This evidence suggests that both potassium efflux and calcium influx are necessary for mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation upstream of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and pyroptotic cell death. We propose a model wherein potassium efflux is necessary for calcium influx, resulting in mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation to trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Yaron
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA.,Biological Design Graduate Program, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | - S Gangaraju
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | - M Y Rao
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | - X Kong
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | - F Su
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | - Y Tian
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | - H L Glenn
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | - D R Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
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32
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Carbon monoxide decreases interleukin-1β levels in the lung through the induction of pyrin. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 14:349-359. [PMID: 26435068 PMCID: PMC5380940 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) can act as an anti-inflammatory effector in mouse models of lung injury and disease, through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich region-, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex that regulates the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In this report, we show that the CO-releasing molecule (CORM-2) can stimulate the expression of pyrin, a negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. CORM-2 increased the transcription of pyrin in the human leukemic cell line (THP-1) in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In THP-1 cells, CORM-2 treatment dose-dependently reduced the activation of caspase-1 and the secretion of IL-1β, and increased the levels of IL-10, in response to LPS and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), an NLRP3 inflammasome activation model. Genetic interference of IL-10 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the effectiveness of CORM-2 in inhibiting IL-1β production and in inducing pyrin expression. Genetic interference of pyrin by siRNA increased IL-1β production in response to LPS and ATP, and reversed CORM-2-dependent inhibition of caspase-1 activation. CO inhalation (250 ppm) in vivo increased the expression of pyrin and IL-10 in lung and spleen, and decreased the levels of IL-1β induced by LPS. Consistent with the induction of pyrin and IL-10, and the downregulation of lung IL-1β production, CO provided protection in a model of acute lung injury induced by intranasal LPS administration. These results provide a novel mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of CO, involving the IL-10-dependent upregulation of pyrin expression.
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Marie C, Verkerke HP, Theodorescu D, Petri WA. A whole-genome RNAi screen uncovers a novel role for human potassium channels in cell killing by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13613. [PMID: 26346926 PMCID: PMC4561901 DOI: 10.1038/srep13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The parasite Entamoeba histolytica kills human cells resulting in ulceration, inflammation and invasion of the colonic epithelium. We used the cytotoxic properties of ameba to select a genome-wide RNAi library to reveal novel host factors that control susceptibility to amebic killing. We identified 281 candidate susceptibility genes and bioinformatics analyses revealed that ion transporters were significantly enriched among susceptibility genes. Potassium (K+) channels were the most common transporter identified. Their importance was further supported by colon biopsy of humans with amebiasis that demonstrated suppressed K+ channel expression. Inhibition of human K+ channels by genetic silencing, pharmacologic inhibitors and with excess K+ protected diverse cell types from E. histolytica-induced death. Contact with E. histolytica parasites triggered K+ channel activation and K+ efflux by intestinal epithelial cells, which preceded cell killing. Specific inhibition of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels was highly effective in preventing amebic cytotoxicity in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. Blockade of K+ efflux also inhibited caspase-1 activation, IL-1β secretion and pyroptotic death in THP-1 macrophages. We concluded that K+ channels are host mediators of amebic cytotoxicity in multiple cells types and of inflammasome activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Marie
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia USA
| | - Hans P Verkerke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Surgery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia USA
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Gong Z, Zhou J, Li H, Gao Y, Xu C, Zhao S, Chen Y, Cai W, Wu J. Curcumin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and protects against LPS-induced septic shock. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2132-42. [PMID: 26250869 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The NLRP3 inflammasome responds to various pathogen-derived factors and danger-associated molecules, mediating IL-1β maturation, therefore is involved in multiple inflammatory diseases. Curcumin has been shown to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we sought to investigate the role and mechanism of curcumin on the inhibition of mature IL-1β production via the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. METHODS AND RESULTS Curcumin dramatically inhibited the production of mature IL-1β in LPS-primed macrophages triggered by multiple NLRP3 inflammasome activators, and also reduced the level of cleaved caspase-1 as measured by western blot and ELISA. Curcumin prevented K(+) efflux, the common trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and attenuated lysosomes disruption and intracellular ROS formation as well. The inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by curcumin was in part mediated via the suppression of extracellular regulated protein kinases phosphorylation. Furthermore, administration of curcumin significantly reduced peritoneal IL-1β and HMGB-1 concentration induced by LPS and improved the survival of mice suffering from lethal endotoxic shock. CONCLUSION Curcumin potently inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity. Our finding offers a mechanistic basis for the therapeutic potential of curcumin in septic shock and other NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Gong
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai institute of Health Science, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Rühl S, Broz P. Caspase-11 activates a canonical NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting K(+) efflux. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2927-36. [PMID: 26173909 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns or endogenous danger signals by a subset of cytosolic PRRs results in the assembly of multiprotein signaling complexes, the so-called inflammasomes. Canonical inflammasomes are assembled by NOD-like receptor (NLR) or PYHIN family members and activate caspase-1, which promotes the induction of pyroptosis and the release of mature interleukin-1β/-18. Recently, a noncanonical inflammasome pathway was discovered that results in caspase-11 activation in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cytosol. Interestingly, caspase-11 induces pyroptosis by itself, but requires NLRP3, the inflammasome adapter ASC, and caspase-1 to promote cytokine secretion. Here, we have studied the mechanism by which caspase-11 controls IL-1β secretion. Investigating NLRP3/ASC complex formation, we find that caspase-11 functions upstream of a canonical NLRP3 inflammasome. The activation of NLRP3 by caspase-11 during LPS transfection is a cell-intrinsic process and is independent of the release of danger signals. Furthermore, we show that active caspase-11 leads to a drop of intracellular potassium levels, which is necessary to activate NLRP3. Our study, therefore, sheds new light on the mechanism of noncanonical inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rühl
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Broz
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Tan CC, Zhang JG, Tan MS, Chen H, Meng DW, Jiang T, Meng XF, Li Y, Sun Z, Li MM, Yu JT, Tan L. NLRP1 inflammasome is activated in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy and contributes to neuronal pyroptosis in amygdala kindling-induced rat model. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:18. [PMID: 25626361 PMCID: PMC4314732 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often characterized pathologically by severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Understanding the mechanisms of neuron death is key to preventing the neurodegeneration associated with TLE. However, the involvement of neuronal loss to the epileptogenic process has yet to be fully determined. Recent studies have shown that the activation of NLRP1 can generate a functional caspase-1-containing inflammasome in vivo to drive the proinflammatory programmed cell death termed ‘pyroptosis’, which has a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reported studies that performed detailed identification and validation of NLRP1 inflammasome during the epileptogenic process. Methods We first compared expression of NLRP1 and caspase-1 in resected hippocampus from patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) with that of matched control samples. To further examine whether the activation of NLRP1 inflammasome contributes to neuronal pyroptosis, we employed a nonviral strategy to knock down the expression of NLRP1 and caspase-1 in the amygdala kindling-induced rat model. Proinflammatory cytokines levels and hippocampal neuronal loss were evaluated after 6 weeks of treatment in these NLRP1 or caspase-1 deficiency TLE rats. Results Western blotting detected upregulated NLRP1 levels and active caspase-1 in mTLE patients in comparison to those levels seen in the controls, suggesting a role for this inflammasome in mTLE. Moreover, we employed direct in vivo infusion of nonviral small interfering RNA to knockdown NLRP1 or caspase-1 in the amygdala kindling-induced rat model, and discovered that these NLRP1 or caspase-1 silencing rats resulted in significantly reduced neuronal pyroptosis. Conclusions Our data suggest that NLRP1/caspase-1 signaling participates in the seizure-induced degenerative process in humans and in the animal model of TLE and points to the silencing of NLRP1 inflammasome as a promising strategy for TLE therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0233-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No.6, Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.6, Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Da-Wei Meng
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No.6, Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.6, Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiang-Fei Meng
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Compan V, Martín-Sánchez F, Baroja-Mazo A, López-Castejón G, Gomez AI, Verkhratsky A, Brough D, Pelegrín P. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD forms specks but does not activate caspase-1 in the absence of NLRP3 during macrophage swelling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:1261-73. [PMID: 25552542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is a key adaptor molecule required for the inflammatory processes. ASC acts by bridging NLRP proteins, such as NLRP3, with procaspase-1 within the inflammasome complex, which subsequently results in the activation of caspase-1 and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. In response to bacterial infection, ASC also forms specks by self-oligomerization to activate caspase-1 and induce pyroptosis. Hitherto, the role of these specks in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to danger signals, such as a hypotonic environment, largely has been unexplored. In this article, we report that, under hypotonic conditions and independently of NLRP3, ASC was able to form specks that did not activate caspase-1. These specks were not associated with pyroptosis and were controlled by transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 channel-mediated signaling. However, interaction with NLRP3 enhanced ASC speck formation, leading to fully functional inflammasomes and caspase-1 activation. This study reveals that the ASC speck can present different oligomerization assemblies and represents an essential step in the activation of functional NLRP3 inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Compan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Fátima Martín-Sánchez
- Unidad de Inflamación y Cirugía Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Unidad de Inflamación y Cirugía Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria López-Castejón
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ana I Gomez
- Unidad de Inflamación y Cirugía Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and Unidad de Inflamación y Cirugía Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL, van der Meer JWM, Dinarello CA, Joosten LAB. Inflammasome-independent regulation of IL-1-family cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol 2014; 33:49-77. [PMID: 25493334 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Induction, production, and release of proinflammatory cytokines are essential steps to establish an effective host defense. Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family induce inflammation and regulate T lymphocyte responses while also displaying homeostatic and metabolic activities. With the exception of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, all IL-1 family cytokines lack a signal peptide and require proteolytic processing into an active molecule. One such unique protease is caspase-1, which is activated by protein platforms called the inflammasomes. However, increasing evidence suggests that inflammasomes and caspase-1 are not the only mechanism for processing IL-1 cytokines. IL-1 cytokines are often released as precursors and require extracellular processing for activity. Here we review the inflammasome-independent enzymatic processes that are able to activate IL-1 cytokines, paying special attention to neutrophil-derived serine proteases, which subsequently induce inflammation and modulate host defense. The inflammasome-independent processing of IL-1 cytokines has important consequences for understanding inflammatory diseases, and it impacts the design of IL-1-based modulatory therapies.
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40
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Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by crystalline structures via cell surface contact. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7281. [PMID: 25445147 PMCID: PMC4250918 DOI: 10.1038/srep07281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline structures activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the production of IL-1β, however, the molecular interactions responsible for NLRP3 activation are not fully understood. Cathepsin B release from the ruptured phagolysosome and potassium ion efflux have been suggested to be critical for this activation. Here, we report that Cathepsin B redistribution was not a crucial event in crystal-induced IL-1β production. Silica and monosodium urate crystal-treated macrophages with undisturbed lysosomes demonstrated strong co-localization of ASC and Caspase-1, indicative of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, we provided evidence to suggest that macrophage cell membrane binding to immobilized crystals was sufficient to induce IL-1β release, and this activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was inhibited by blocking potassium efflux. Therefore, this work reveals additional complexity in crystalline structure-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome regulations.
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Booth JL, Umstead TM, Hu S, Dybvig KF, Cooper TK, Wilson RP, Chroneos ZC. Housing conditions modulate the severity of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice deficient in class A scavenger receptor. Comp Med 2014; 64:424-439. [PMID: 25527023 PMCID: PMC4275078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasmosis is a frequent causative microbial agent of community-acquired pneumonia and has been linked to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The macrophage class A scavenger receptor (SRA) facilitates the clearance of noxious particles, oxidants, and infectious organisms by alveolar macrophages. We examined wildtype and SRA(-/-) mice, housed in either individually ventilated or static filter-top cages that were cycled with fresh bedding every 14 d, as a model of gene-environment interaction on the outcome of pulmonary Mycoplasma pulmonis infection. Intracage NH3 gas measurements were recorded daily prior to infection. Mice were intranasally infected with 1 × 10(7) cfu M. pulmonis UAB CT and evaluated at 3, 7, and 14 d after inoculation. Wildtype mice cleared 99.5% of pulmonary M. pulmonis by 3 d after infection but remained chronically infected through the study. SRA (-/-) mice were chronically infected with 40-fold higher mycoplasma numbers than were wildtype mice. M. pulmonis caused a chronic mixed inflammatory response that was accompanied with high levels of IL1β, KC, MCP1, and TNFα in SRA(-/-) mice, whereas pulmonary inflammation in WT mice was represented by a monocytosis with elevation of IL1β. Housing had a prominent influence on the severity and persistence of mycoplasmosis in SRA(-/-) mice. SRA(-/-) mice housed in static cages had an improved recovery and significant changes in surfactant proteins SPA and SPD compared with baseline levels. These results indicate that SRA is required to prevent chronic mycoplasma infection of the lung. Furthermore, environmental conditions may exacerbate chronic inflammation in M. pulmonis-infected SRA(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin F Dybvig
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald P Wilson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Khan RN, Hay DP. A clear and present danger: inflammasomes DAMPing down disorders of pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 21:388-405. [PMID: 25403436 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When the normal progression of pregnancy is threatened, inflammatory processes are often amplified in order to minimize detrimental effects and eliminate noxious agents. Inflammasomes are unique, intracellular, multiprotein assemblies that enable caspase-1 mediated proteolytic processing of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, levels of which are elevated in some forms of preterm birth and maternal metabolic disorders. METHODS A comprehensive review based on a search of PubMed and Medline for terms and combinations of terms incorporating 'inflammation', 'inflammasome', 'pregnancy', 'preterm birth', 'pre-eclampsia', 'interleukin-1', 'caspase-1' and others selected to capture key articles. RESULTS In the decade since the discovery of the inflammasome, between January 2002 and June 2014 over 2200 articles have been published. Articles in the reproductive field are scarce but there is clear evidence for a role of the inflammasome axis in pregnancy, preterm birth and the maternal metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Further investigations on the inflammasome in pregnancy are needed in order to elucidate the biology of this unique structure in reproduction. Coordination of maternal, fetal and placental aspects of inflammasome function will potentially yield new information on the detection and transduction of host and non-host signals in the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheela N Khan
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Daniel P Hay
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are large cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to detection of infection- or stress-associated stimuli and lead to the activation of caspase-1-mediated inflammatory responses, including cleavage and unconventional secretion of the leaderless proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and initiation of an inflammatory form of cell death referred to as pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation can be induced by a wide variety of microbial pathogens and generally mediates host defense through activation of rapid inflammatory responses and restriction of pathogen replication. In addition to its role in defense against pathogens, recent studies have suggested that the inflammasome is also a critical regulator of the commensal microbiota in the intestine. Finally, inflammasomes have been widely implicated in the development and progression of various chronic diseases, such as gout, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. In this perspective, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in infectious and noninfectious inflammation and highlight areas of interest for future studies of inflammasomes in host defense and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel R de Zoete
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Caspase-1 cleavage of the TLR adaptor TRIF inhibits autophagy and β-interferon production during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 15:214-27. [PMID: 24528867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection can trigger autophagy and inflammasome activation, but the effects of inflammasome activation on autophagy are unknown. We examined this in the context of Pseudomonas aeruginosa macrophage infection, which triggers NLRC4 inflammasome activation. P. aeruginosa induced autophagy via TLR4 and its adaptor TRIF. NLRC4 and caspase-1 activation following infection attenuated autophagy. Caspase-1 directly cleaved TRIF to diminish TRIF-mediated signaling, resulting in inhibition of autophagy and in reduced type I interferon production. Expression of a caspase-1 resistant TRIF mutant enhanced autophagy and type I interferon production following infection. Preventing TRIF cleavage by caspase-1 in an in vivo model of P. aeruginosa infection resulted in enhanced bacterial autophagy, attenuated IL-1β production, and increased bacterial clearance. Additionally, TRIF cleavage by caspase-1 diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, caspase-1 mediated TRIF cleavage is a key event in controlling autophagy, type I interferon production, and inflammasome activation with important functional consequences.
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45
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Alfonso-Loeches S, Ureña-Peralta JR, Morillo-Bargues MJ, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Guerri C. Role of mitochondria ROS generation in ethanol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death in astroglial cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:216. [PMID: 25136295 PMCID: PMC4118026 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are innate immunity sensors that provide an early/effective response to pathogenic or injury conditions. We have reported that ethanol-induced TLR4 activation triggers signaling inflammatory responses in glial cells, causing neuroinflammation and brain damage. However, it is uncertain if ethanol is able to activate NLRs/inflammasome in astroglial cells, which is the mechanism of activation, and whether there is crosstalk between both immune sensors in glial cells. Here we show that chronic ethanol treatment increases the co-localization of caspase-1 with GFAP+ cells, and up-regulates IL-1β and IL-18 in the frontal medial cortex in WT, but not in TLR4 knockout mice. We further show that cultured cortical astrocytes expressed several inflammasomes (NLRP3, AIM2, NLRP1, and IPAF), although NLRP3 mRNA is the predominant form. Ethanol, as ATP and LPS treatments, up-regulates NLRP3 expression, and causes caspase-1 cleavage and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 in astrocytes supernatant. Ethanol-induced NLRP3/caspase-1 activation is mediated by mitochondrial (m) reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation because when using a specific mitochondria ROS scavenger, the mito-TEMPO (500 μM) or NLRP3 blocking peptide (4 μg/ml) or a specific caspase-1 inhibitor, Z-YVAD-FMK (10 μM), abrogates mROS release and reduces the up-regulation of IL-1β and IL-18 induced by ethanol or LPS or ATP. Confocal microscopy studies further confirm that ethanol, ATP or LPS promotes NLRP3/caspase-1 complex recruitment within the mitochondria to promote cell death by caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis, which accounts for ≈73% of total cell death (≈22%) and the remaining (≈25%) die by caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Suppression of the TLR4 function abrogates most ethanol effects on NLRP3 activation and reduces cell death. These findings suggest that NLRP3 participates, in ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and highlight the NLRP3/TLR4 crosstalk in ethanol-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alfonso-Loeches
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan R Ureña-Peralta
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center Valencia, Spain
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Rada B, Park JJ, Sil P, Geiszt M, Leto TL. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β release in macrophages require calcium but are independent of calcium-activated NADPH oxidases. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:821-30. [PMID: 25048991 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We studied the involvement of calcium and calcium-activated NADPH oxidases in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release to better understand inflammasome signaling in macrophages. MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS Human volunteer blood donors were recruited to isolate monocytes to differentiate them into macrophages. Wild-type or DUOX1-deficient C57/B6 mice were used to prepare bone marrow-derived macrophages. TREATMENT Murine or human macrophages were treated in vitro with NLRP3 inflammasome agonists (ATP, silica crystals) or calcium agonists (thapsigargin, ionomycin) in calcium-containing or calcium-free medium. METHODS Intracellular calcium changes were followed by measuring FURA2-based fluorescence. Gene expression changes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression was assessed by western blotting. Enzymatic activity was measured by fluorescence caspase-1 activity assay. IL-1β release was determined by ELISA. ELISA data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS Our data show that calcium is essential for IL-1β release in human macrophages. Increases in cytosolic calcium alone lead to IL-1β secretion. Calcium removal blocks caspase-1 activation. Human macrophages express Duox1, a calcium-regulated NADPH oxidase that produces reactive oxygen species. However, Duox1-deficient murine macrophages show normal IL-1β release. CONCLUSIONS Human macrophage inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion requires calcium but does not involve NADPH oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Rada
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA,
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Fernandez MV, Miller EA, Bhardwaj N. Activation and measurement of NLRP3 inflammasome activity using IL-1β in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24894187 DOI: 10.3791/51284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes resulting from the secretion of Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines by immune cells lead to local or systemic inflammation, tissue remodeling and repair, and virologic control(1) (,) (2) . Interleukin-1β is an essential element of the innate immune response and contributes to eliminate invading pathogens while preventing the establishment of persistent infection(1-5). Inflammasomes are the key signaling platform for the activation of interleukin 1 converting enzyme (ICE or Caspase-1). The NLRP3 inflammasome requires at least two signals in DCs to cause IL-1β secretion(6). Pro-IL-1β protein expression is limited in resting cells; therefore a priming signal is required for IL-1β transcription and protein expression. A second signal sensed by NLRP3 results in the formation of the multi-protein NLRP3 inflammasome. The ability of dendritic cells to respond to the signals required for IL-1β secretion can be tested using a synthetic purine, R848, which is sensed by TLR8 in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) to prime cells, followed by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with the bacterial toxin and potassium ionophore, nigericin. Monocyte derived DCs are easily produced in culture and provide significantly more cells than purified human myeloid DCs. The method presented here differs from other inflammasome assays in that it uses in vitro human, instead of mouse derived, DCs thus allowing for the study of the inflammasome in human disease and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center;
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49
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Quantification of potassium levels in cells treated with Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin. Anal Biochem 2014; 450:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Marchi N, Granata T, Janigro D. Inflammatory pathways of seizure disorders. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:55-65. [PMID: 24355813 PMCID: PMC3977596 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy refers to a cluster of neurological diseases characterized by seizures. Although many forms of epilepsy have a well-defined immune etiology, in other forms of epilepsy an altered immune response is only suspected. In general, the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to seizures is supported by experimental results. Additionally, antiepileptic maneuvers may act as immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory therapies can treat seizures. Triggers of seizure include a bidirectional communication between the nervous system and organs of immunity. Thus, a crucial cellular interface protecting from immunological seizures is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we summarize recent advances in the understanding and treatment of epileptic seizures that derive from a non-neurocentric viewpoint and suggest key avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Functional Genomics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Damir Janigro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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