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Mohammed DM, Salem MB, Elzallat M, Hammam OA, Suliman AA. Moringa oleifera L. mediated zinc oxide nano-biofertilizer alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via modulating de novo lipogenesis pathway and miRNA-122 expression. FOOD BIOSCI 2024; 60:104286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2024]
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Matsuda KM, Kotani H, Hisamoto T, Kuzumi A, Fukasawa T, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. Dual blockade of interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F as a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis: Investigating the potential effect and mechanism of brodalumab. Cytokine 2024; 178:156587. [PMID: 38531177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a terminal manifestation of various chronic liver diseases. There are no drugs that can reverse the condition. Recently, the importance of interleukin-17 (IL17) in the pathophysiology has been revealed and has attracted attention as a therapeutic target. We aimed to reveal the roles of IL17A and IL17F in liver fibrosis, and to validate the potential of their dual blockade as therapeutic strategy. First, we retrospectively reviewed the longitudinal change of FIB-4 index, a clinical indicator of liver fibrosis, among psoriasis patients treated by brodalumab, which blocks IL17 receptor A (IL17RA). Next, we examined anti-fibrotic efficacy of anti-IL17RA antibody (Ab) in two murine liver fibrosis models by histopathological investigation and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, we analyzed the effect of IL17A and IL17F upon human hepatic stellate cells with RNA sequencing, real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. Clinical data showed that FIB-4 index significantly decreased among psoriasis patients treated by brodalumab. In vivo studies additionally demonstrated that anti-IL17RA Ab ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by tetrachloride and methionine-choline deficient diet. Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that both IL17A and IL17F enhance cell-surface expression of transforming growth factor-β receptor II and promote pro-fibrotic gene expression via the JUN pathway in human hepatic stellate cells. Our insights suggest that IL17A and IL17F share their pro-fibrotic function in the context of liver fibrosis, and moreover, dual blockade of IL17A and IL17F by anti-IL17RA Ab would be a promising strategy for the management of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki M Matsuda
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kotani
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Hisamoto
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Linero PL, Castilla-Guerra L. Management of Cardiovascular Risk in the Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Setting. Eur Cardiol 2024; 19:e02. [PMID: 38807854 PMCID: PMC11131151 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an overlooked and undetected pathology, which affects more than 32% of adults worldwide. NAFLD is becoming more common in Western industrialised countries, particularly in patients with central obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome. Although NAFLD has traditionally been interpreted as a liver disease with a high risk of liver-related complications, NAFLD is an underappreciated and independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is the principal cause of death in patients with NAFLD. Treatment options to counteract both the progression and development of cardiovascular disease and NAFLD include lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss, increased physical activity and dietary modification, and optimal medical therapy of comorbid conditions; nevertheless, further studies are needed to define optimal treatment strategies for the prevention of both hepatic and cardiovascular complications of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Luque Linero
- Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen MacarenaSeville, Spain
| | - Luis Castilla-Guerra
- Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen MacarenaSeville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of SevilleSeville, Spain
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Sun HJ, Jiao B, Wang Y, Zhang YH, Chen G, Wang ZX, Zhao H, Xie Q, Song XH. Necroptosis contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathoetiology with promising diagnostic and therapeutic functions. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1968-1981. [PMID: 38681120 PMCID: PMC11045491 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i14.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease. However, the disease is underappreciated as a remarkable chronic disorder as there are rare managing strategies. Several studies have focused on determining NAFLD-caused hepatocyte death to elucidate the disease pathoetiology and suggest functional therapeutic and diagnostic options. Pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis are the main subtypes of non-apoptotic regulated cell deaths (RCDs), each of which represents particular characteristics. Considering the complexity of the findings, the present study aimed to review these types of RCDs and their contribution to NAFLD progression, and subsequently discuss in detail the role of necroptosis in the pathoetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. The study revealed that necroptosis is involved in the occurrence of NAFLD and its progression towards steatohepatitis and cancer, hence it has potential in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Sun
- Department of General Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Department of General Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue-Hua Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
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Kim HM, Kwon MH, Lee ES, Ha KB, Chung CH. DA-6034 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in high fat diet-induced obese mice. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2024; 41:103-112. [PMID: 38486464 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in hepatic triglyceride content and increased inflammatory macrophage infiltration through the C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 pathway in the liver. DA-6034 (7-carboxymethyloxy-3',4',5-trimethoxy flavone), is a synthetic derivative of eupatilin that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the effect of DA-6034 on the inflammatory response in NAFLD is not well elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of DA-6034 on hepatic steatosis and inflammation. METHODS Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following four groups: (1) regular diet (RD), (2) RD with DA-6034, (3) high fat diet (HFD), and (4) HFD with DA-6034. All mice were sacrificed 12 weeks after the start of the experiment. The effects of DA-6034 on macrophages were assessed using RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS DA-6034 not only reduced hepatic triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation but also macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice. According to fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, DA-6034 reduced the CD8+ T cell fraction in the liver of HFD-fed mice. DA-6034 also reduced CCR5 expression and the migration of liver macrophages in HFD-fed mice and inhibited CCR2 ligand and CCR4 ligand, which stimulated the migration of macrophages. CONCLUSION Overall, DA-6034 attenuates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in obesity by regulating CCR5 expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- The East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Bong Ha
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaccine Center for Assisting Safety & Technology, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Schwärzler J, Grabherr F, Grander C, Adolph TE, Tilg H. The pathophysiology of MASLD: an immunometabolic perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:375-386. [PMID: 38149354 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2294046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic-associated liver diseases have emerged pandemically across the globe and are clinically related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The new nomenclature and definition (i.e. metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease - MASLD; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis - MASH) reflect the nature of these complex systemic disorders, which are characterized by inflammation, gut dysbiosis and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize recent advantages in understanding the pathophysiology of MASLD, which we parallel to emerging therapeutic concepts. AREAS COVERED We summarize the pathophysiologic concepts of MASLD and its transition to MASH and subsequent advanced sequelae of diseases. Furthermore, we highlight how dietary constituents, microbes and associated metabolites, metabolic perturbations, and immune dysregulation fuel lipotoxicity, hepatic inflammation, liver injury, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Deciphering the intricate pathophysiologic processes that contribute to the development and progression of MASLD is essential to develop targeted therapeutic approaches to combat this escalating burden for health-care systems. EXPERT OPINION The rapidly increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease challenges health-care systems worldwide. Understanding pathophysiologic traits is crucial to improve the prevention and treatment of this disorder and to slow progression into advanced sequelae such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Guo Z, Wu Q, Xie P, Wang J, Lv W. Immunomodulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: exploring mechanisms and applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336493. [PMID: 38352880 PMCID: PMC10861763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits increased lipid enrichment in hepatocytes. The spectrum of this disease includes stages such as nonalcoholic simple fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and liver fibrosis. Changes in lifestyle behaviors have been a major factor contributing to the increased cases of NAFLD patients globally. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identify therapeutic targets, and develop new strategies to improve the clinical management of the disease. Immunoregulation is a strategy through which the organism recognizes and eliminates antigenic foreign bodies to maintain physiological homeostasis. In this process, multiple factors, including immune cells, signaling molecules, and cytokines, play a role in governing the evolution of NAFLD. This review seeks to encapsulate the advancements in research regarding immune regulation in NAFLD, spanning from underlying mechanisms to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinjuan Wu
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuchong Wang
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenliang Lv
- Department of Infection, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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孔 祥, 张 腾, 张 妍, 高 灵, 汪 文, 汪 梦, 王 国, 吕 坤. [Overexpression of lncRNA HEM2M alleviates liver injury in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:1-8. [PMID: 38293970 PMCID: PMC10878907 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HEM2M overexpression on liver injury in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice and myeloid cell-specific HEM2M knock-in (MYKI) mice were fed normal (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. After intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, the mice were euthanized for detection of liver function indicators in the serum and liver tissue. HE staining and F4/80 immunohistochemical staining were used to examine liver pathologies, and the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the liver tissues were determined with ELISA. The mRNA expressions of HEM2M and the markers of M1 macrophages (TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6) and M2 macrophages (Arg-1, YM-1, and IL-10) were detected using qRT-PCR, and the protein expressions of P-AKT, T-AKT, NLRC4, caspase-1 and GSDMD were assayed using immunoblotting. Caspase-1 activity in the liver tissues was determined with colorimetric measurement and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Compared with HFD-fed WT mice, MYKI mice with HFD feeding showed milder liver function damage (P < 0.01), alleviated hepatic steatosis, and reduced liver macrophage infiltration, glucose tolerance impairment and insulin resistance (P < 0.01). The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and mRNA expressions of M1 type macrophage markers were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and those of M2 type markers increased (P < 0.01) in the liver tissues of HFD-fed MYKI mice, which also showed reduced NLRC4 inflammasome activity, caspase-1 activation, and GSDMD-N protein expression compared with their WT counterparts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overexpression of HEM2M reduces the production of hepatic inflammatory factors, improves insulin resistance and inhibits hepatic NLRC4 inflammasome activation, which leads to reduced hepatic pyroptosis and liver injury in NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- 祥 孔
- 皖南医学院非编码RNA基础与临床转化安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院中心实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院内分泌科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Endocrinology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 腾 张
- 皖南医学院非编码RNA基础与临床转化安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院消化内科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 妍 张
- 皖南医学院非编码RNA基础与临床转化安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院消化内科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 灵犀 高
- 皖南医学院非编码RNA基础与临床转化安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院消化内科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 文 汪
- 皖南医学院非编码RNA基础与临床转化安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院消化内科,安徽 芜湖 241001Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 梦燕 汪
- 皖南医学院药学院//安徽省多糖药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 国栋 王
- 皖南医学院药学院//安徽省多糖药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 坤 吕
- 皖南医学院非编码RNA基础与临床转化安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院中心实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
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Rodriguez-Ramiro I, Pastor-Fernández A, López-Aceituno JL, Garcia-Dominguez E, Sierra-Ramirez A, Valverde AM, Martinez-Pastor B, Efeyan A, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Viña J, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. Pharmacological and genetic increases in liver NADPH levels ameliorate NASH progression in female mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:448-461. [PMID: 38036067 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the fastest growing liver diseases worldwide, and oxidative stress is one of NASH main key drivers. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the ultimate donor of reductive power to a number of antioxidant defences. Here, we explored the potential of increasing NADPH levels to prevent NASH progression. We used nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation or a G6PD-tg mouse line harbouring an additional copy of the human G6PD gene. In a NASH mouse model induced by feeding mice a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for three weeks, both tools increased the hepatic levels of NADPH and ameliorated the NASH phenotype induced by the MCD intervention, but only in female mice. Boosting NADPH levels in females increased the liver expression of the antioxidant genes Gsta3, Sod1 and Txnrd1 in NR-treated mice, or of Gsr for G6PD-tg mice. Both strategies significantly reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. NR-treated female mice showed a reduction of steatosis accompanied by a drop of the hepatic triglyceride levels, that was not observed in G6PD-tg mice. NR-treated mice tended to reduce their lobular inflammation, showed a reduction of the NK cell population and diminished transcription of the damage marker Lcn2. G6PD-tg female mice exhibited a reduction of their lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning induced by the MCD diet, that was related to a reduction of the monocyte-derived macrophage population and the Tnfa, Ccl2 and Lcn2 gene expression. As conclusion, boosting hepatic NADPH levels attenuated the oxidative lipid damage and the exhausted antioxidant gene expression specifically in female mice in two different models of NASH, preventing the progression of the inflammatory process and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildefonso Rodriguez-Ramiro
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrés Pastor-Fernández
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Aceituno
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Dominguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Sierra-Ramirez
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, E28029, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Bárbara Martinez-Pastor
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Piotrowska K, Zgutka K, Tomasiak P, Tarnowski M, Pawlik A. Every-other day (EOD) feeding regime decreases oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade in mouse liver: The immunohistochemical study. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102236. [PMID: 37812950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positive effects of calorie restrictions (CR) and EOD include decreased body weight, prolonged life span, but also changes in metabolism of the liver. In present paper our aim was to examine antioxidative enzymes: Catalase (CAT) and Manganese superoxidative dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx-4) in connection to caspase-3 and inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and TNF- α) in EOD liver tissue in comparison to control mice. METHODS After 9 months of EOD treatment male mouse liver tissue was harvested and prepared for analysis. Protein semi-quantitative estimation and cellular immunolocalization was performed for CAT, SOD2, Gpx-4, caspase-3, IL-1β and TNF- α in liver tissue of mice fed every-other day in comparison to control (AL fed) animals. RESULTS After prolonged EOD feeding in mice we observed decreased level of SOD2 and Gpx-4, decreased caspase-3, IL-1β and TNF-α expression in liver tissue on protein level measured by semi-quantitative DAB staining intensity. CONCLUSION For the first time we showed immunolocalization of major antioxidative enzymes (CAT, SOD2, Gpx-4) in liver tissue after DR. Decrease of two major antioxidant enzymes combined with decrease of apoptotic marker and inflammatory factors indicate decrease in oxidative stress as the result of fast in EOD feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp.72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland,.
| | - Katarzyna Zgutka
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Tomasiak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, al. Piastow 40b, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp.72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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11
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Zheng D, Yin Y, Peng M, Wang J, Zhu X. Prediction of the mechanisms of action of Qutan Huoxue decoction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a network pharmacology study and experimental validation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:520-530. [PMID: 36908041 PMCID: PMC10013566 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2182892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Qutan Huoxue decoction (QTHX) is used to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with good efficacy in the clinic. However, the mechanism is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the mechanism of QTHX in the treatment of NASH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Potential pathways of QTHX were predicted by network pharmacology. Fourty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (half normal diet, half high-fat diet) were fed six to eight weeks, primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were extracted and co-cultured by the 0.4-micron trans well culture system. Then, the normal co-cultured cells were treated by normal serum, the NASH co-cultured cells were treated with various concentrations of QTHX-containing serum (0, 5, 7.5 or 10 μg/mL) for 24 h. The expression of targets were measured with Activity Fluorometric Assay, Western blot and PCR assay. RESULTS Network pharmacology indicated that liver-protective effect of QTHX was associated with its anti-inflammation response, oxidative stress, and lipid receptor signalling. 10 μg/mL QTHX significantly reduced the inflammation response and lipid levels in primary hepatocytes (ALT: 46.43 ± 2.76 U/L, AST: 13.96 ± 1.08 U/L, TG: 0.25 ± 0.01 mmol/L, TC: 0.14 ± 0.05 mmol/L), comparing with 0 μg/mL NASH group (ALT: 148 ± 9.22 U/L, AST: 53.02 ± 2.30 U/L, TG: 0.74 ± 0.07 mmol/L, TC: 0.91 ± 0.07 mmol/L) (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, QTHX increased expression of SOCS1 and decreased expression of TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that QTHX treats NASH in rats by activating the SCOS1/NF-κB/TLR4 pathway, suggesting QTHX could be further developed as a potential liver-protecting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ding Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Liu H, Lv H, Duan X, Du Y, Tang Y, Xu W. Advancements in Macrophage-Targeted Drug Delivery for Effective Disease Management. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6915-6940. [PMID: 38026516 PMCID: PMC10680479 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s430877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and the innate immune system. They perform essential functions such as presenting antigens, regulating cytokines, and responding to inflammation. However, in diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and autoimmune conditions, macrophages undergo aberrant polarization, which disrupts tissue regulation and impairs their normal behavior. To address these challenges, there has been growing interest in developing customized targeted drug delivery systems specifically designed for macrophage-related functions in different anatomical locations. Nanomedicine, utilizing nanoscale drug systems, offers numerous advantages including improved stability, enhanced pharmacokinetics, controlled release kinetics, and precise temporal drug delivery. These advantages hold significant promise in achieving heightened therapeutic efficacy, specificity, and reduced side effects in drug delivery and treatment approaches. This review aims to explore the roles of macrophages in major diseases and present an overview of current strategies employed in targeted drug delivery to macrophages. Additionally, this article critically evaluates the design of macrophage-targeted delivery systems, highlighting limitations and discussing prospects in this rapidly evolving field. By assessing the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches, we can identify areas for improvement and refinement in macrophage-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Han M, Geng J, Zhang S, Rao J, Zhu Y, Xu S, Wang F, Ma F, Zhou M, Zhou H. Invariant natural killer T cells drive hepatic homeostasis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via sustained IL-10 expression in CD170 + Kupffer cells. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350474. [PMID: 37489253 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are liver-resident macrophages involved in hepatic inflammatory responses, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. However, the contribution of KC subsets to liver inflammation remains unclear. Here, using high-dimensional single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterized murine embryo-derived KCs and identified two KC populations with different gene expression profiles: KC-1 and KC-2. KC-1 expressed CD170, exhibiting immunoreactivity and immune-regulatory abilities, while KC-2 highly expressed lipid metabolism-associated genes. In a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD model, KC-1 cells differentiated into pro-inflammatory phenotypes and initiated more frequent communications with invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. In KC-1, interleukin (IL)-10 expression was unaffected by the high-fat diet but impaired by iNKT cell ablation and upregulated by iNKT cell adoptive transfer in vivo. Moreover, in a cellular co-culture system, primary hepatic iNKT cells promoted IL-10 expression in RAW264.7 and primary KC-1 cells. CD206 signal blocking in KC-1 or CD206 knockdown in RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced IL-10 expression. In conclusion, we identified two embryo-derived KC subpopulations with distinct transcriptional profiles. The CD206-mediated crosstalk between iNKT and KC-1 cells maintains IL-10 expression in KC-1 cells, affecting hepatic immune balance. Therefore, KC-based therapeutic strategies must consider cellular heterogeneity and the local immune microenvironment for enhanced specificity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutian Han
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jinke Geng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yansong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Biology, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodong Xu
- Department of Cell and Biology, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Cell and Biology, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- Department of Cell and Biology, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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14
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Hee SW, Chang YC, Su L, Chen IJ, Jeng YM, Hsieh ML, Chang YC, Li FA, Liao D, Chen SM, Chuang LM. 15-keto-PGE 2 alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through its covalent modification of NF-κB factors. iScience 2023; 26:107997. [PMID: 37810249 PMCID: PMC10551900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
15-keto-PGE2 is one of the eicosanoids with anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we demonstrated that 15-keto-PGE2 post-translationally modified the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunits p105/p50 and p65 at Cys59 and Cys120 sites, respectively, hence inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling in macrophages. In mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD), 15-keto-PGE2 treatment reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and fasting glucose levels. In mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a prolonged HFHSD, 15-keto-PGE2 treatment significantly decreased liver inflammation, lowered serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST), and inhibited macrophage infiltration. It also reduced lipid droplet size and downregulated key regulators of lipogenesis. These findings highlight the potential of 15-keto-PGE2, through NF-κB modification, in preventing the development and progression of steatohepatitis, emphasizing the significance of endogenous lipid mediators in the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siow-Wey Hee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Lynn Su
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lun Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Mei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
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15
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Liu L, Deng L, Wei W, Li C, Lu Y, Bai J, Li L, Zhang H, Jin N, Li C, Zhao C. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658 Improves Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13997. [PMID: 37762300 PMCID: PMC10531215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide; it is characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and progressive fibrosis. Here, a Western diet combined with low-dose weekly carbon tetrachloride was fed to C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks to build a NASH model to investigate the attenuating effects and possible mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658. Hepatic pathology, lipid profiles, and gene expression were assessed. The metabolomic profiling of the serum was performed. The composition structure of gut microbiota was profiled using 16s rRNA sequencing. The results show that LPJZ-658 treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation in NASH mice. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that several pathways, such as purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis, were associated with NASH. Notably, we found that treatment with LPJZ-658 regulated the levels of bile acids (BAs) in the serum. Moreover, LPJZ-658 restored NASH-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. The correlation analysis deduced obvious interactions between BAs and gut microbiota. The current study indicates that LPJZ-658 supplementation protects against NASH progression, which is accompanied by alternating BA metabolic and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Liquan Deng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Chunhua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuting Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jieying Bai
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (L.L.); (N.J.)
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (L.L.); (N.J.)
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (L.L.); (N.J.)
| | - Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China; (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.L.)
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16
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Zhou E, Ge X, Nakashima H, Li R, van der Zande HJP, Liu C, Li Z, Müller C, Bracher F, Mohammed Y, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Guigas B, Glass CK, Rensen PCN, Giera M, Wang Y. Inhibition of DHCR24 activates LXRα to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16845. [PMID: 37357756 PMCID: PMC10405065 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) agonism has theoretical potential for treating NAFLD/NASH, but synthetic agonists induce hyperlipidemia in preclinical models. Desmosterol, which is converted by Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) into cholesterol, is a potent endogenous LXR agonist with anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of DHCR24 inhibition on NAFLD/NASH development. Here, by using APOE*3-Leiden. CETP mice, a well-established translational model that develops diet-induced human-like NAFLD/NASH characteristics, we report that SH42, a published DHCR24 inhibitor, markedly increases desmosterol levels in liver and plasma, reduces hepatic lipid content and the steatosis score, and decreases plasma fatty acid and cholesteryl ester concentrations. Flow cytometry showed that SH42 decreases liver inflammation by preventing Kupffer cell activation and monocyte infiltration. LXRα deficiency completely abolishes these beneficial effects of SH42. Together, the inhibition of DHCR24 by SH42 prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a strictly LXRα-dependent manner without causing hyperlipidemia. Finally, we also showed that SH42 treatment decreased liver collagen content and plasma alanine transaminase levels in an established NAFLD model. In conclusion, we anticipate that pharmacological DHCR24 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Xiaoke Ge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Cong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Martin Giera
- The Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Med‐X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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Song Y, Li WB, Saleem N, Tian G, Ruan L, Zhang H. Viscoelastic Characteristics in Mouse Model of Hepatic Steatosis With Inflammation by Kelvin-Voigt Fractional Derivative Modeling. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1811-1816. [PMID: 37225609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the work described here was to measure the characteristics of viscoelasticity and fluidity in a mouse model of hepatic steatosis and inflammation using a nano-indentation test and the Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative (KVFD) model and to explore the viscoelasticity and fluidity characteristics in mice with different degrees of hepatic steatosis with inflammation. METHODS Twenty-five ApoE mice were randomly divided into an experimental high-fat diet group (n = 15) and an ordinary-food control group (n = 10), then subdivided into four subgroups based on pathological degree of hepatic steatosis: S0 (normal), S1 (mild), S2 (moderate) and S3 (severe). The 25 liver specimens from these mice were evaluated by a slope-keeping relaxation nano-indentation test. RESULTS Elasticity (E0) was significantly higher in the S3 group than in the S1 and S2 groups, while fluidity (α) and viscosity (τ) were significantly lower in S3 than in S1 and S2 (all p values < 0.05). The following cutoff values for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis >33% with inflammation were also determined: E0 > 85.01 Pa (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.917, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.735-0.989), α ≤ 0.38 (AUC: 0.885, 95% CI: 0.695-0.977),\ and τ ≤ 3.92 (AUC: 0.813, 95% CI: 0.607-0.939). CONCLUSION Increases in the degree of hepatic steatosis with inflammation in mice paralleled gradual increases in the stiffness of the liver and gradual decreases in the fluidity and viscosity of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nimra Saleem
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Litao Ruan
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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18
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Krylov D, Rodimova S, Karabut M, Kuznetsova D. Experimental Models for Studying Structural and Functional State of the Pathological Liver (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:65-82. [PMID: 38434194 PMCID: PMC10902899 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Krylov
- Laboratory Assistant, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - S.A. Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.S. Kuznetsova
- Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Researches, Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
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Fiorillo A, Gallego JJ, Casanova-Ferrer F, Giménez-Garzó C, Urios A, Ballester MP, Durbán L, Rios MP, Megías J, San Miguel T, Kosenko E, Escudero-García D, Benlloch S, Felipo V, Montoliu C. Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Enhanced Activation of Th17 Lymphocytes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10407. [PMID: 37373554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may show mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The mechanisms involved remain unclear. The plasma concentrations of several cytokines and chemokines were measured in 71 NAFLD patients (20 with and 51 without MCI) and 61 controls. Characterization and activation of leukocyte populations and CD4+ sub-populations were carried out and analyzed by flow cytometry. We analyzed the cytokines released from CD4+ cell cultures and the mRNA expression of transcription factors and receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The appearance of MCI in NAFLD patients was associated with increased activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes, mainly of the Th17 subtype, increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-23, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6, INF-γ, and IL-13, and higher expression of the CCR2 receptor. Constitutive expression of IL-17 was found in cultures of CD4+ cells from MCI patients, reflecting Th17 activation. High IL-13 plasma levels were predictive of MCI and could reflect a compensatory anti-inflammatory response to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study identified some specific alterations of the immune system associated with the appearance of neurological alterations in MCI patients with NAFLD that could be the basis to improve and restore cognitive functions and quality of life in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fiorillo
- Fundación de Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan-José Gallego
- Fundación de Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Franc Casanova-Ferrer
- Fundación de Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Giménez-Garzó
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Urios
- Fundación de Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Pilar Ballester
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucia Durbán
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Pilar Rios
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Megías
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa San Miguel
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Desamparados Escudero-García
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Benlloch
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 46015 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Fundación de Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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20
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Alabdulaali B, Al-rashed F, Al-Onaizi M, Kandari A, Razafiarison J, Tonui D, Williams MR, Blériot C, Ahmad R, Alzaid F. Macrophages and the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195699. [PMID: 37377968 PMCID: PMC10291618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the site of first pass metabolism, detoxifying and metabolizing blood arriving from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery. It is made up of multiple cell types, including macrophages. These are either bona fide tissue-resident Kupffer cells (KC) of embryonic origin, or differentiated from circulating monocytes. KCs are the primary immune cells populating the liver under steady state. Liver macrophages interact with hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to maintain homeostasis, however they are also key contributors to disease progression. Generally tolerogenic, they physiologically phagocytose foreign particles and debris from portal circulation and participate in red blood cell clearance. However as immune cells, they retain the capacity to raise an alarm to recruit other immune cells. Their aberrant function leads to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD refers to a spectrum of conditions ranging from benign steatosis of the liver to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. In NAFLD, the multiple hit hypothesis proposes that simultaneous influences from the gut and adipose tissue (AT) generate hepatic fat deposition and that inflammation plays a key role in disease progression. KCs initiate the inflammatory response as resident immune effectors, they signal to neighbouring cells and recruit monocytes that differentiated into recruited macrophages in situ. Recruited macrophages are central to amplifying the inflammatory response and causing progression of NAFLD to its fibro-inflammatory stages. Given their phagocytic capacity and their being instrumental in maintaining tissue homeostasis, KCs and recruited macrophages are fast-becoming target cell types for therapeutic intervention. We review the literature in the field on the roles of these cells in the development and progression of NAFLD, the characteristics of patients with NAFLD, animal models used in research, as well as the emerging questions. These include the gut-liver-brain axis, which when disrupted can contribute to decline in function, and a discussion on therapeutic strategies that act on the macrophage-inflammatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alabdulaali
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anwar Kandari
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Joanna Razafiarison
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Dorothy Tonui
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Blériot
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Inserm U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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21
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Ma J, Li M, Yang T, Deng Y, Ding Y, Guo T, Shang J. Isoquercitrin Attenuates Steatohepatitis by Inhibition of the Activated NLRP3 Inflammasome through HSP90. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108795. [PMID: 37240141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease with a global prevalence of 25%. However, the medicines approved by the FDA or EMA are still not commercially available for the treatment of NAFLD. The NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in inflammatory responses, and the mechanisms related to steatohepatitis have been sufficiently clarified. NLRP3 has been widely evaluated as a potential target for multiple active agents in treating NAFLD. As a quercetin glycoside, isoquercitrin (IQ) has a broad inhibitory effect on oxidative stress, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and allergic reactions in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the undercover mechanism of IQ in the treatment of NAFLD, particularly in anti-steatohepatitis, by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this study, a methionine-choline-deficient induced steatohepatitis mice model was used to explore the effect of IQ on NAFLD treatment. Further mechanism exploration based on transcriptomics and molecular biology revealed that IQ inhibited the activated NLRP3 inflammasome by down-regulating the expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and suppressor of G-two allele of Skp1 (SGT1). In conclusion, IQ could alleviate NAFLD by inhibiting the activated NLRP3 inflammasome by suppressing the expression of HSP90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Maoru Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yadong Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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22
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Adori M, Bhat S, Gramignoli R, Valladolid-Acebes I, Bengtsson T, Uhlèn M, Adori C. Hepatic Innervations and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:149-162. [PMID: 37156523 PMCID: PMC10348844 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-57237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. Increased sympathetic (noradrenergic) nerve tone has a complex role in the etiopathomechanism of NAFLD, affecting the development/progression of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and liver hemodynamical alterations. Also, lipid sensing by vagal afferent fibers is an important player in the development of hepatic steatosis. Moreover, disorganization and progressive degeneration of liver sympathetic nerves were recently described in human and experimental NAFLD. These structural alterations likely come along with impaired liver sympathetic nerve functionality and lack of adequate hepatic noradrenergic signaling. Here, we first overview the anatomy and physiology of liver nerves. Then, we discuss the nerve impairments in NAFLD and their pathophysiological consequences in hepatic metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and hemodynamics. We conclude that further studies considering the spatial-temporal dynamics of structural and functional changes in the hepatic nervous system may lead to more targeted pharmacotherapeutic advances in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Adori
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sadam Bhat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ismael Valladolid-Acebes
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlèn
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Luo W, Xu G, Song Z, Mu W, Wen J, Hui S, Zhao J, Zhan X, Bai Z, Xiao X. Licorice extract inhibits the cGAS-STING pathway and protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1160445. [PMID: 37081966 PMCID: PMC10111149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1160445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation and fibrosis are typical symptoms of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway has been implicated in the progression of NASH, and targeting this pathway may represent a new therapeutic strategy. Licorice is a widely used herb with anti-inflammatory and liver-protective properties. In this study, we assessed the effect of licorice extract on the cGAS-STING pathway.Methods: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with licorice extract and then stimulated with HT-DNA, 2'3'-cGAMP, or other agonists to activate the cGAS-STING pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were conducted to analyze whether licorice extract could affect the cGAS-STING pathway. Methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCD) was used to induce NASH in mice, which were treated with licorice extract (500 mg/kg) by gavage and/or c-176 (15 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection every 2 days. After 6 weeks of treatment, histological analysis of liver tissue was performed, along with measurements of plasma biochemical parameters.Results: Licorice extract inhibits cGAS-STING pathway activation. Mechanistically, it might function by inhibiting the oligomerization of STING. Treatment with licorice extract reduced inflammation and fibrosis in MCD diet-induced NASH mice models. Furthermore, we found that the therapeutic effect of combination treatment with licorice extract and C-176 (STING inhibitor) on the pathology and fibrosis of MCD diet-induced NASH models was similar to that of licorice extract or C-176 administered alone.Conclusion: Licorice extract can inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway and improve hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NASH mice models. It strongly suggests that licorice extract may be a candidate therapeutic for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Xu, ; Xiaoyan Zhan, ; Zhaofang Bai, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
| | - Zheng Song
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincai Wen
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siwen Hui
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Xu, ; Xiaoyan Zhan, ; Zhaofang Bai, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Xu, ; Xiaoyan Zhan, ; Zhaofang Bai, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Xu, ; Xiaoyan Zhan, ; Zhaofang Bai, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
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24
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Park J, Rah SY, An HS, Lee JY, Roh GS, Ryter SW, Park JW, Yang CH, Surh YJ, Kim UH, Chung HT, Joe Y. Metformin-induced TTP mediates communication between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes to alleviate hepatic steatosis by regulating lipophagy and necroptosis. Metabolism 2023; 141:155516. [PMID: 36773805 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence suggests that crosstalk between Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatocytes protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to the reduction of steatosis in NAFLD remain obscure. METHODS Ttp+/+ and Ttp-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet. Hepatic steatosis was analyzed by Nile Red staining and measurement of inflammatory cytokines. Lipid accumulation and cell death were evaluated in co-culture systems with primary hepatocytes and KCs derived from either Ttp+/+ or Ttp-/- mice. RESULTS Tristetraprolin (TTP), an mRNA binding protein, was essential for the protective effects of metformin in NAFLD. Metformin activated TTP via the AMPK-Sirt1 pathway in hepatocytes and KCs. TTP inhibited TNF-α production in KCs, which in turn decreased hepatocyte necroptosis. Downregulation of Rheb expression by TTP promoted hepatocyte lipophagy via mTORC1 inhibition and increased nuclear translocation of transcription factor-EB (TFEB). Consistently, TTP-deficient NAFLD mice failed to respond to metformin with respect to alleviation of hepatic steatosis, protection of hepatocyte necroptosis, or induction of lipophagy. CONCLUSIONS TTP, which is essential for the protective effects of metformin, may represent a novel primary therapeutic target in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Woo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Fan G, Li Y, Zong Y, Suo X, Jia Y, Gao M, Yang X. GPAT3 regulates the synthesis of lipid intermediate LPA and exacerbates Kupffer cell inflammation mediated by the ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:208. [PMID: 36964139 PMCID: PMC10039030 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
In the process of inflammatory activation, macrophages exhibit lipid metabolism disorders and accumulate lipid droplets. Kupffer cells (KCs) are the resident hepatic macrophage with critical defense functions in the pathogenesis of several types of liver disease. How dysregulated lipid metabolism contributes to perturbed KCs functions remains elusive. Here we report that glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (GPAT3) plays a key role in KCs inflammation response. Our findings indicate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory activation markedly increased lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation in KCs. This increase could be attributed to significantly up-regulated GPAT3. The loss of GPAT3 function obviously reduced KCs inflammation reaction both in vivo and in vitro, and was accompanied by improved mitochondrial function and decreased production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in turn inhibiting extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway. Overall, this study highlights the role of GPAT3 in inflammatory activation of KCs and could thus be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammation-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Zong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Suo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Gao
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China.
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26
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Guha Ray A, Odum OP, Wiseman D, Weinstock A. The diverse roles of macrophages in metabolic inflammation and its resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147434. [PMID: 36994095 PMCID: PMC10041730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most functionally diverse immune cells, indispensable to maintain tissue integrity and metabolic health. Macrophages perform a myriad of functions ranging from promoting inflammation, through inflammation resolution to restoring and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Metabolic diseases encompass a growing list of diseases which develop from a mix of genetics and environmental cues leading to metabolic dysregulation and subsequent inflammation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of macrophages to four metabolic conditions-insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegeneration. The role of macrophages is complex, yet they hold great promise as potential therapies to address these growing health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada Weinstock
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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27
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Kohlhepp MS, Liu H, Tacke F, Guillot A. The contradictory roles of macrophages in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and primary liver cancer-Challenges and opportunities. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1129831. [PMID: 36845555 PMCID: PMC9950415 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1129831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases from varying etiologies generally lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects roughly one-quarter of the world population, thus representing a major and increasing public health burden. Chronic hepatocyte injury, inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) and liver fibrosis are recognized soils for primary liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), being the third most common cause for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in liver disease understanding, therapeutic options on pre-malignant and malignant stages remain limited. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify targetable liver disease-driving mechanisms for the development of novel therapeutics. Monocytes and macrophages comprise a central, yet versatile component of the inflammatory response, fueling chronic liver disease initiation and progression. Recent proteomic and transcriptomic studies performed at singular cell levels revealed a previously overlooked diversity of macrophage subpopulations and functions. Indeed, liver macrophages that encompass liver resident macrophages (also named Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived macrophages, can acquire a variety of phenotypes depending on microenvironmental cues, and thus exert manifold and sometimes contradictory functions. Those functions range from modulating and exacerbating tissue inflammation to promoting and exaggerating tissue repair mechanisms (i.e., parenchymal regeneration, cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, fibrosis). Due to these central functions, liver macrophages represent an attractive target for the treatment of liver diseases. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted and contrary roles of macrophages in chronic liver diseases, with a particular focus on NAFLD/NASH and HCC. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting liver macrophages.
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Yudaeva AD, Stafeev IS, Michurina SS, Menshikov MY, Shestakova MV, Parfyonova YV. The interactions between inflammation and insulin resistance: molecular mechanisms in insulin-producing and insulin-dependent tissues. DIABETES MELLITUS 2023. [DOI: 10.14341/dm12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases. In this light the risks of obesity-associated complications also grow up. The crucial linkage between obesity and its metabolic and cardiovascular complications is inflammatory process. The mechanism of this linkage is similar in pancreas and insulin-dependent tissues both on cells, cell-to-cell communication and signaling pathway levels: the catalysts are different lipids (cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides), which are able to activate Toll-like receptors of innate immunity and inflammation. Nextly, IKK- and JNK-dependent cascades activate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNFa, IL-1b, IL-6 and others, which act by paracrine and autocrine manner and support inflammation both in local and systemic levels. Thus, insulin-producing and insulin-dependent tissues, which are involved in T2DM pathogenesis, through the inflammatory process integrate in pathogenic and self-maintaining cycle, which leads to the suppression of insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cell failure and the development of insulin-dependent tissues insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Yudaeva
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - I. S. Stafeev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - S. S. Michurina
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov; Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - M. Yu. Menshikov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov
| | | | - Y. V. Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after academician E.I.Chazov; Lomonosov Moscow State University
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29
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Chen YT, Huang PY, Chai CY, Yu S, Hsieh YL, Chang HC, Kuo CW, Lee YC, Yu HS. Early detection of the initial stages of LED light-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by wax physisorption kinetics-Fourier transform infrared imaging. Analyst 2023; 148:643-653. [PMID: 36621928 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), particularly in the blue waveform range, are regarded as a major source of circadian rhythm dysregulation. A circadian rhythm dysregulation induced by blue LEDs is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatocellular accumulation of lipids is a key event in the early stages of NAFLD. Kupffer cells (KCs) have been reported to be lost in the early onset of NAFLD followed by an inflammatory reaction that alters the liver response to lipid overload. This study focused on the detection of the initial stages (subpathological stages) of LED light-triggered NAFLD. Mice were exposed to either blue or white LED irradiation for 44 weeks. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIRM) and wax physisorption kinetic-Fourier transform infrared (WPK-FTIR) imaging were used to evaluate the ratio of lipid to protein and the glycosylation of glycoprotein, respectively. Immunohistopathological studies on KCs and circadian-related proteins were performed. Although liver biopsy showed normal pathology, an SR-FTIRM study revealed a high hepatic lipid-to-protein ratio after receiving LED illumination. The results of WPK-FTIR demonstrated that a high inflammation index was found in the high irradiance of the blue LED illumnation group. These groups showed a decrease in KC number and an increase in Bmal1 and Reverbα circadian protein expression. These findings provide explanations for the reduction of KCs without subsequent inflammation. A significant reduction of Per2 and Cry1 expression is correlated with the findings of WPK-FTIR imaging. WPK-FTIR is a sensitive method for detecting initiative stages of NAFLD induced by long-term blue LED illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Life Science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chao Chang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30205, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Kuo
- Life Science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- Life Science Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.,Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan.,Chemistry Department, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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30
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Jansakun C, Chunglok W, Altamura S, Muckenthaler M, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid- and hepatocyte-specific deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 leads to dichotomous opposing phenotypes during MCD diet-induced NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166590. [PMID: 36334837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of phospholipase A2VIA (iPLA2β or PLA2G6) are associated with body weights and blood C-reactive protein. The role of iPLA2β/PLA2G6 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still elusive because female iPla2β-null mice showed attenuated hepatic steatosis but exacerbated hepatic fibrosis after feeding with methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD). Herein, female mice with myeloid- (MPla2g6-/-) and hepatocyte- (LPla2g6-/-) specific PLA2G6 deletion were generated and phenotyped after MCDD feeding. Without any effects on hepatic steatosis, MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed further exaggeration of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as elevation of plasma TNFα, CCL2, and circulating monocytes. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from MPla2g6-/- mice displayed upregulation of PPARγ and CEBPα proteins, and elevated release of IL6 and CXCL1 under LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated BMDMs from MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed suppressed expression of M1 Tnfa and Il6, but marked upregulation of M2 Arg1, Chil3, IL10, and IL13 as well as chemokine receptors Ccr2 and Ccr5. This in vitro shift was associated with exaggeration of hepatic M1/M2 cytokines, chemokines/chemokine receptors, and fibrosis genes. Contrarily, MCDD-fed LPla2g6-/- mice showed a complete protection which was associated with upregulation of Ppara/PPARα and attenuated expression of Pparg/PPARγ, fatty-acid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis genes. Interestingly, LPla2g6-/- mice fed with chow or MCDD displayed an attenuation of blood monocytes and elevation of anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 in plasma and liver. Thus, PLA2G6 inactivation specifically in myeloid cells and hepatocytes led to opposing phenotypes in female mice undergoing NASH. Hepatocyte-specific PLA2G6 inhibitors may be further developed for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Jansakun
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Craig K, Abrams M, Amiji M. Cholesterol-Conjugated siRNA Silencing Tnf for the Treatment of Liver Macrophage-Mediated Acute Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nucleic Acid Ther 2023; 33:35-44. [PMID: 36318487 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite wide recognition as a disease of pandemic proportions, effective treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain elusive. Most of the current clinical programs aim to reduce hepatic fat accumulation and, thus, prevent downstream inflammation and fibrosis. To date, this therapeutic approach has helped identify a potential disconnect between steatosis reduction and disease resolution. Mounting preclinical evidence indicates liver inflammation may play a major role in steatosis development and fibrosis but has not garnered the same clinical representation. This may be owing to deficiencies in standard therapeutic modalities that limit their application in NAFLD. RNA interference (RNAi) is an attractive approach to targeting liver inflammation owing to its clinical safety profile, target specificity, and limited biodistribution. In this study, we characterize a simple cholesterol-short-interfering RNA (siRNA) conjugate system targeting Tnf mRNA in liver macrophages for the treatment of NAFLD. First, we observed delivery and anti-inflammatory activity in an acute liver inflammation model. In a follow-up murine NAFLD model, we observed total prevention of nearly all hallmarks of this disease: steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This simple conjugate siRNA delivery system may be the first to show RNAi activity in liver macrophages and provide evidence for a novel therapeutic approach to inflammation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Craig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Discovery Research, Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc Abrams
- Department of Discovery Research, Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Dong X, Feng Y, Xu D, Zhang M, Wen X, Zhao W, Hu Q, Zhang Q, Fu H, Ping J. Targeting macrophagic 17 β-HSD7 by fenretinide for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:142-156. [PMID: 36815031 PMCID: PMC9939369 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and macrophage polarization plays an important role in its pathogenesis. However, which molecule regulates macrophage polarization in NAFLD remains unclear. Herein, we showed NAFLD mice exhibited increased 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17β-HSD7) expression in hepatic macrophages concomitantly with elevated M1 polarization. Single-cell RNA sequencing on hepatic non-parenchymal cells isolated from wild-type littermates and macrophage-17β-HSD7 knockout mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks revealed that lipid metabolism pathways were notably changed. Furthermore, 17β-HSD7 deficiency in macrophages attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and liver injury. Mechanistically, 17β-HSD7 triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing free cholesterol content, thereby promoting M1 polarization of macrophages and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, to help demonstrate that 17β-HSD7 is a potential drug target for NAFLD, fenretinide was screened out from an FDA-approved drug library based on its 17β-HSD7 dehydrogenase inhibitory activity. Fenretinide dose-dependently abrogated macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and subsequently inhibited fat deposition in hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages. In conclusion, our findings suggest that blockade of 17β-HSD7 signaling by fenretinide would be a drug repurposing strategy for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yiting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dongqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qintong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 27 6875 9310; fax: +86 27 8733 1670.
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33
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Wang Z, Chen C, Su Y, Ke N. Function and characteristics of TIM‑4 in immune regulation and disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 51:10. [PMID: 36524355 PMCID: PMC9848438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T‑cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIM‑4) is a phosphatidylserine receptor that is mainly expressed on antigen‑presenting cells and is involved in the recognition and efferocytosis of apoptotic cells. TIM‑4 has been found to be expressed in immune cells such as natural killer T, B and mast cells and to participate in multiple aspects of immune regulation, suggesting that TIM‑4 may be involved in a variety of immune‑related diseases. Recent studies have confirmed that TIM‑4 is also abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumor cells and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors and the tumor immune microenvironment. The present study aimed to describe the expression and functional characteristics of TIM‑4 in detail and to comprehensively discuss its role in pathophysiological processes such as infection, allergy, metabolism, autoimmunity and tumor immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive understanding of the functions and characteristics of TIM‑4, as well as novel ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610095, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhen Su
- Kunming University School of Medicine, Kunming University School, Kunming, Yunnan 650124, P.R. China
| | - Nengwen Ke
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Nengwen Ke, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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34
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Cheon SY, Song J. Novel insights into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dementia: insulin resistance, hyperammonemia, gut dysbiosis, vascular impairment, and inflammation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35765060 PMCID: PMC9237975 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease characterized by multiple pathologies. The progression of dementia with NAFLD may be affected by various risk factors, including brain insulin resistance, cerebrovascular dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and neuroinflammation. Many recent studies have focused on the increasing prevalence of dementia in patients with NAFLD. Dementia is characterized by cognitive and memory deficits and has diverse subtypes, including vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s dementia, and diabetes mellitus-induced dementia. Considering the common pathological features of NAFLD and dementia, further studies on the association between them are needed to find appropriate therapeutic solutions for diseases. This review summarizes the common pathological characteristics and mechanisms of NAFLD and dementia. Additionally, it describes recent evidence on association between NAFLD and dementia progression and provides novel perspectives with regard to the treatment of patients with dementia secondary to NAFLD.
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35
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Magee N, Ahamed F, Eppler N, Jones E, Ghosh P, He L, Zhang Y. Hepatic transcriptome profiling reveals early signatures associated with disease transition from non-alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis. LIVER RESEARCH 2022; 6:238-250. [PMID: 36864891 PMCID: PMC9977163 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The molecular events that influence disease progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to aggressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain incompletely understood, leading to lack of mechanism-based targeted treatment options for NASH. This study aims to identify early signatures associated with disease progression from NAFL to NASH in mice and humans. Materials and methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat, -cholesterol, and - fructose (HFCF) diet for up to 9 months. The extent of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis was evaluated in liver tissues. Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted to determine liver transcriptomic changes. Results After being fed the HFCF diet, mice sequentially developed steatosis, early steatohepatitis, steatohepatitis with fibrosis, and eventually spontaneous liver tumor. Hepatic RNA-seq revealed that the key signatures during steatosis progression to early steatohepatitis were pathways related to extracellular matrix organization and immune responses such as T cell migration, arginine biosynthesis, C-type lectin receptor signaling, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Genes regulated by transcription factors forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and negative elongation factor complex member E (NELFE) were significantly altered during disease progression. This phenomenon was also observed in patients with NASH. Conclusions In summary, we identified early signatures associated with disease progression from NAFL to early NASH in a mouse model that recapitulated key metabolic, histologic, and transcriptomic changes seen in humans. The findings from our study may shed light on the development of novel preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Magee
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Forkan Ahamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Natalie Eppler
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lily He
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Liver Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
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36
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Kulle A, Thanabalasuriar A, Cohen TS, Szydlowska M. Resident macrophages of the lung and liver: The guardians of our tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029085. [PMID: 36532044 PMCID: PMC9750759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident macrophages play a unique role in the maintenance of tissue function. As phagocytes, they are an essential first line defenders against pathogens and much of the initial characterization of these cells was focused on their interaction with viral and bacterial pathogens. However, these cells are increasingly recognized as contributing to more than just host defense. Through cytokine production, receptor engagement and gap junction communication resident macrophages tune tissue inflammatory tone, influence adaptive immune cell phenotype and regulate tissue structure and function. This review highlights resident macrophages in the liver and lung as they hold unique roles in the maintenance of the interface between the circulatory system and the external environment. As such, we detail the developmental origin of these cells, their contribution to host defense and the array of tools these cells use to regulate tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Kulle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Taylor S. Cohen
- Late Stage Development, Vaccines and Immune Therapies (V&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Marta Szydlowska
- Bacteriology and Vaccine Discovery, Research and Early Development, Vaccines and Immune Therapies (V&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Marta Szydlowska,
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37
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Larion S, Padgett CA, Butcher JT, Mintz JD, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW. The biological clock enhancer nobiletin ameliorates steatosis in genetically obese mice by restoring aberrant hepatic circadian rhythm. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G387-G400. [PMID: 35997288 PMCID: PMC9602907 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00130.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with disruption of homeostatic lipid metabolism, but underlying processes are poorly understood. One possible mechanism is impairment in hepatic circadian rhythm, which regulates key lipogenic mediators in the liver and whose circadian oscillation is diminished in obesity. Nobiletin enhances biological rhythms by activating RAR-related orphan receptor nuclear receptor, protecting against metabolic syndrome in a clock-dependent manner. The effect of nobiletin in NAFLD is unclear. In this study, we investigate the clock-enhancing effects of nobiletin in genetically obese (db/db) PER2::LUCIFERASE reporter mice with fatty liver. We report microarray expression data suggesting hepatic circadian signaling is impaired in db/db mice with profound hepatic steatosis. Circadian PER2 activity, as assessed by mRNA and luciferase assay, was significantly diminished in liver of db/db PER2::LUCIFERASE reporter mice. Continuous animal monitoring systems and constant dark studies suggest the primary circadian defect in db/db mice lies within peripheral hepatic oscillators and not behavioral rhythms or the master clock. In vitro, nobiletin restored PER2 amplitude in lipid-laden PER2::LUCIFERASE reporter macrophages. In vivo, nobiletin dramatically upregulated core clock gene expression, hepatic PER2 activity, and ameliorated steatosis in db/db PER2::LUCIFERASE reporter mice. Mechanistically, nobiletin reduced serum insulin levels, decreased hepatic Srebp1c, Acaca1, Tnfα, and Fgf21 expression, but did not improve Plin2, Plin5, or Cpt1, suggesting nobiletin attenuates steatosis in db/db mice via downregulation of hepatic lipid accumulation. These data suggest restoring endogenous rhythm with nobiletin resolves steatosis in obesity, proposing that hypothesis that targeting the biological clock may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. We show here that genetically obese (db/db) mice with fatty liver have impaired hepatic circadian rhythm. Hepatic Per2 expression and PER2 reporter activity are diminished in db/db PER2::LUCIFERASE mice. The biological clock-enhancer nobiletin restores hepatic PER2 in db/db PER2::LUCIFERASE mice, resolving steatosis via downregulation of Srebp1c. These studies suggest targeting the circadian clock may be beneficial strategy in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Larion
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Caleb A Padgett
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - James D Mintz
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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38
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Immune mechanisms linking metabolic injury to inflammation and fibrosis in fatty liver disease - novel insights into cellular communication circuits. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1136-1160. [PMID: 35750137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease and is emerging as the leading cause of cirrhosis, liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD is a metabolic disease that is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome; however, during the evolution of NAFLD from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), to more advanced stages of NASH with liver fibrosis, the immune system plays an integral role. Triggers for inflammation are rooted in hepatic (lipid overload, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress) and extrahepatic (gut-liver axis, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle) systems, resulting in unique immune-mediated pathomechanisms in NAFLD. In recent years, the implementation of single-cell RNA-sequencing and high dimensional multi-omics (proteogenomics, lipidomics) and spatial transcriptomics have tremendously advanced our understanding of the complex heterogeneity of various liver immune cell subsets in health and disease. In NAFLD, several emerging inflammatory mechanisms have been uncovered, including profound macrophage heterogeneity, auto-aggressive T cells, the role of unconventional T cells and platelet-immune cell interactions, potentially yielding novel therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight the recent discoveries related to inflammation in NAFLD, discuss the role of immune cell subsets during the different stages of the disease (including disease regression) and integrate the multiple systems driving inflammation. We propose a refined concept by which the immune system contributes to all stages of NAFLD and discuss open scientific questions arising from this paradigm shift that need to be unravelled in the coming years. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic approaches to target the multiple triggers of inflammation, including combination therapy via nuclear receptors (FXR agonists, PPAR agonists).
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Wang L, Sang B, Zheng Z. Risk of dementia or cognitive impairment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:985109. [PMID: 36204558 PMCID: PMC9530447 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.985109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. Methods A systematic search of the literature in the PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted, covering the period from the inception of each database to 22 May 2022. Statistical analysis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia based on data extracted from each article was performed using Stata software v. 16.0. The quality of this study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of cohort and case-control studies and the American Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist for assessing the quality of cross-sectional studies. Funnel plots and the Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. Results We included 7 studies comprising 891,562 individuals from 6 countries, which were published between 2020 and 2022. The pooling analysis showed that a history of NAFLD was associated with cognitive impairment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.17–1.78; heterogeneity (I2) = 0%; P = 0.001]. A history of NAFLD was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.97–1.09; I2 = 84.7%; P = 0.341) or Alzheimer disease (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.83–1.09; I2 = 61.0%; P = 0.489). In contrast, NAFLD was associated with an obvious reduction of the risk of vascular dementia (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79–0.98; I2 = 0.0%; P = 0.020). In the subgroup analysis, male and female patients with NAFLD showed an equal risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. The risk of dementia or cognitive impairment in the cross-sectional study (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.19–1.88; I2 = 0.0%; P = 0.001) was slightly higher than that in the retrospective cohort (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.97–1.09; I2 = 84.3%; P = 0.294). Conclusions NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and a decreased risk of vascular dementia. More studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the association between NAFLD and dementia or cognitive impairment. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier: CRD42022334492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bowen Sang
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zuyan Zheng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Zuyan Zheng
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Ducheix S, Piccinin E, Peres C, Garcia-Irigoyen O, Bertrand-Michel J, Fouache A, Cariello M, Lobaccaro JM, Guillou H, Sabbà C, Ntambi JM, Moschetta A. Reduction in gut-derived MUFAs via intestinal stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deletion drives susceptibility to NAFLD and hepatocarcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2937-2949. [PMID: 35903850 PMCID: PMC9512486 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by a set of hepatic conditions ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, eventually predisposing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Together with fatty acids (FAs) originated from adipose lipolysis and hepatic lipogenesis, intestinal‐derived FAs are major contributors of steatosis. However, the role of mono‐unsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in NAFLD development is still debated. We previously established the intestinal capacity to produce MUFAs, but its consequences in hepatic functions are still unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the role of the intestinal MUFA‐synthetizing enzyme stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in NAFLD. We used intestinal‐specific Scd1‐KO (iScd1−/−) mice and studied hepatic dysfunction in different models of steatosis, NASH, and HCC. Intestinal‐specific Scd1 deletion decreased hepatic MUFA proportion. Compared with controls, iScd1−/− mice displayed increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation and derangement in cholesterol homeostasis when fed a MUFA‐deprived diet. Then, on Western diet feeding, iScd1−/− mice triggered inflammation and fibrosis compared with their wild‐type littermates. Finally, intestinal‐Scd1 deletion predisposed mice to liver cancer. Conclusions: Collectively, these results highlight the major importance of intestinal MUFA metabolism in maintaining hepatic functions and show that gut‐derived MUFAs are protective from NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neurosciences, and Sense organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Peres
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France.,I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- INSERM U 1103, CNRS, UMR 6293, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Lobaccaro
- INSERM U 1103, CNRS, UMR 6293, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Integrative Toxicology and Metabolism Team, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
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Fan Y, Dong W, Wang Y, Zhu S, Chai R, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yan Y, Yang L, Bian Y. Glycyrrhetinic acid regulates impaired macrophage autophagic flux in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959495. [PMID: 35967372 PMCID: PMC9365971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in hepatocyte steatosis and necroinflammation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Impaired autophagy function (decreased autophagy or blocked autophagic flow) leads to cell damage and death and promotes NAFLD progression. The experimental and clinical research of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in the treatment of NAFLD has gradually attracted attention with clear pharmacological activities such as immune regulation, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, liver protection, and anti-inflammatory. However, the effects of GA on the STAT3-HIF-1α pathway and autophagy in macrophages are still unclear, and its mechanism of action in the treatment of NAFLD remains to be further elucidated. We constructed a NAFLD mouse model through a high-fat and high-sugar diet to investigate the therapeutic effects of GA. The results showed that GA reduced weight, improved the pathological changes and hepatic lipid deposition of liver, and abnormally elevated the levels of serum biochemical (AST, ALT, TG, T-CHO, LDL-C, and HDL-C) and inflammatory indexes (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α) in NAFLD mice. Further examination revealed that GA ameliorates excessive hepatic macrophage infiltration and hepatocyte apoptosis. The results of the cell experiments further elaborated that GA modulated the PA-induced macrophage STAT3-HIF-1α pathway and ameliorated impaired autophagic flux (blockade of autophagosome–lysosome fusion) and overactivation of inflammation. Excessive hepatocyte apoptosis caused by the uncontrolled release of inflammatory cytokines was also suppressed by GA.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that GA could regulate the STAT3-HIF-1α pathway of macrophages, ameliorate the impaired autophagy flux, and reduce the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines to improve the excessive apoptosis of liver cells, thus playing a therapeutic role on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Fan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjin Dong
- Department of Science and Education, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rundong Chai
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- The Reproductive Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Long Yang, ; Yuhong bian,
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Long Yang, ; Yuhong bian,
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Li XY, Ji PX, Ni XX, Chen YX, Sheng L, Lian M, Guo CJ, Hua J. Regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1365-1381. [PMID: 36158922 PMCID: PMC9376780 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory-immune activation are vital triggers in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Various studies have shown that PPAR-γ exerts potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, little is known about the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in modulating cell crosstalk in NAFLD.
AIM To investigate whether the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation.
METHODS Primary hepatocytes were isolated from wild-type C57BL6/J mice or hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ knockout mice and incubated with free fatty acids (FFAs). Macrophages were incubated with conditioned medium (CM) from lipid-laden hepatocytes with or without a PPAR-γ agonist. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and administered rosiglitazone.
RESULTS Primary hepatocytes exhibited significant lipid deposition and increased ROS production after incubation with FFAs. CM from lipid-laden hepatocytes promoted macrophage polarization to the M1 type and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. A PPAR-γ agonist ameliorated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes and subsequently prevented M1 macrophage polarization. Hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ deficiency aggravated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes, which further promoted M1 macrophage polarization. Rosiglitazone administration improved oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HF diet-induced NAFLD mice in vivo.
CONCLUSION Upregulation of PPAR-γ activity in hepatocytes alleviated NAFLD by modulating the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages via the reactive oxygen species-NLRP3-IL-1β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Pei-Xuan Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xi-Xi Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Min Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Can-Jie Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai 200127, China
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Riaz F, Wei P, Pan F. Fine-tuning of regulatory T cells is indispensable for the metabolic steatosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949603. [PMID: 35912096 PMCID: PMC9337771 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of chronic hepatic diseases are caused by nutritional imbalance. These nutritional inequities include excessive intake of alcohol and fat, which causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), respectively. The pathogenesis of hepatic diseases is mainly dependent on oxidative stress, autophagy, DNA damage, and gut microbiota and their metabolites. These factors influence the normal physiology of the liver and impact the hepatic microenvironment. The hepatic microenvironment contains several immune cells and inflammatory cytokines which interact with each other and contribute to the progression of chronic hepatic diseases. Among these immune cells, Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the crucial subset of CD4+ T cells that create an immunosuppressive environment. This review emphasizes the function of Tregs in the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD and their role in the progression of NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Briefly, Tregs establish an immunosuppressive landscape in the liver by interacting with the innate immune cells and gut microbiota and their metabolites. Meanwhile, with the advancement of steatosis, these Tregs inhibit the proliferation, activation and functions of other cytotoxic T cells and support the progression of simple steatosis to HCC. Briefly, it can be suggested that targeting Tregs can act as a favourable prognostic indicator by modulating steatosis and insulin resistance during the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Pan,
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Heterogeneous population of macrophages in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease☆. LIVER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu M, Wang Q, Ji D, Zhou J, Yang J. The Effect of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Lipid Ligand on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced Leukocyte Infiltration in Rat Model. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate lipid ligand (DGLL) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-induced leukocyte infiltration in rat and underlying mechanisms. Methods: Sixty SD rats were randomly distributed into six groups, control
group, NAFLD model group, DGLL (30, 60, 120 mg/kg) treatment group and positive control (biphenyl biester tablets (BDP), 200 mg/kg) group. The expression and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in liver tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. The expressions of
leukocyte adhesion molecules in whole blood were determined by flow cytometry. The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions in liver tissues was detected by western blotting. Results: Compared with NAFLD model groups, the expression and activity of MPO in liver tissues
of DGLL (30, 60, 120 mg/kg) treatment group were all significantly ameliorated by the administration of DGLL (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the up-regulation of adhesion molecules expressed on monocytes and neutrophils in whole blood, as well as endothelial ICAM-1 expression in NAFLD model
groups were eliminated by DGLL treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: DGLL ameliorated leukocyte activation and infiltration in rat liver with NAFLD, which might be related to suppression of adhesion molecules expression on leukocyte and endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Dan Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China
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Fibrogenic Pathways in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136996. [PMID: 35805998 PMCID: PMC9266719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently also re-defined as metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is rapidly increasing, affecting ~25% of the world population. MALFD/NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver pathologies including the more benign hepatic steatosis and the more advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is associated with enhanced risk for liver fibrosis and progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation underlies NASH-related fibrosis. Here, we discuss the profibrogenic pathways, which lead to HSC activation and fibrogenesis, with a particular focus on the intercellular hepatocyte–HSC and macrophage–HSC crosstalk.
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Moayedfard Z, Sani F, Alizadeh A, Bagheri Lankarani K, Zarei M, Azarpira N. The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and potential therapeutic impacts of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:242. [PMID: 35672797 PMCID: PMC9175371 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by intra-hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation and concomitant involvement of the immune system with subsequent histological changes, tissue damage, and clinical findings. There are various molecular pathways involved in the progression of NAFLD including lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the immune response. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the NAFLD pathogenesis, and crosstalk between the immune cells and liver cells participates in its initiation and progression. Among the various treatments for this disease, new cell based therapies have been proposed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (MSC-EVs) are new cell-free vehicles with low immunogenicity, which can suppress detrimental immune responses in inflamed tissues. This review aimed to express the immune system's molecular pathways associated with the initiation and progression of NAFLD. Then, the possible role of MSC-EVs in the treatment of this entity through immune response modulation was discussed. Finally, engineered EVs enhanced by specific therapeutic miRNA were suggested for alleviating the pathological cellular events in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Sani
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, P.O. Box: 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran.
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Terayama Y, Nakamura SI, Mekada K, Matsuura T, Ozaki K. High-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is accelerated by low carnitine and impaired glucose tolerance in novel murine models. J Transl Med 2022; 102:621-630. [PMID: 35039610 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine deficiency and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) exacerbate liver steatosis. Given the current lack of ideal murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) models, we investigated new NASH models using jvs/+ mice with low carnitine and wild-type mice with low-dose alloxan-induced IGT. The jvs/+ and wild-type mice were divided into jvs/+ mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) from 3 weeks of age (HF hetero group), wild-type mice with low-dose alloxan treatment fed HFD (AL + HF wild group), wild-type mice fed HFD (HF wild group), and two types of mice fed a normal diet-jvs/+ and wild-type (intact group). All mice were sacrificed at 20 or 40 weeks of age. All male HFD-fed mice showed obesity, IGT, high blood insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high liver enzyme levels, and high cholesterol levels. The degree of IGT was the worst in the AL + HF wild group, and blood insulin levels and HOMA-IR score were remarkably increased from 20 to 40 weeks of age. Almost all HFD-fed mice showed steatosis, fibrosis, and lobular inflammation in the centrilobular zone. These changes were accompanied by hepatocyte ballooning and were enhanced at 40 weeks of age. Furthermore, the incidence rate of nodular hyperplasia and adenoma in both the HF hetero and AL + HF wild groups was nearly 30%. We successfully established two novel murine models of NASH using male jvs/+ mice with low carnitine and male wild-type mice with IGT that eventually developed obesity, fatty liver, insulin resistance, liver fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. These results suggest that low carnitine levels and early-stage induction of IGT are important factors in the progression of NASH to tumorigenesis, similar to human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Terayama
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotohge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotohge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.,Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology Inc, 7-2 Furuiketani, Tachikawa, Ujitawara, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto, 610-0231, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mekada
- Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuura
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotohge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Ozaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotohge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
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Wallace SJ, Tacke F, Schwabe RF, Henderson NC. Understanding the cellular interactome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100524. [PMID: 35845296 PMCID: PMC9284456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chung KW, Cho YE, Kim SJ, Hwang S. Immune-related pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:229-244. [PMID: 35391713 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become prevalent in the adult population worldwide, given the ongoing obesity pandemic. NAFLD comprises several hepatic disorders, ranging from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and carcinoma. Excessive fat accumulation in the liver can induce the development of fatty liver, whereas the progression of fatty liver to NASH involves various complex factors. The crucial difference between fatty liver and NASH is the presence of inflammation and fibrosis, the emergence of which is closely associated with the action of immune cells and immunological factors, such as chemokines and cytokines. Thus, expanding our understanding of immunological mechanisms contributing to NASH pathogenesis will lead to the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of viable therapeutics against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.,Global/Gangwon Innovative Biologics-Regional Leading Research Center (GIB-RLRC), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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