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O'Neill S, Knaus UG. Bioluminescence-Based Complementation Assay to Correlate Conformational Changes in Membrane-Bound Complexes with Enzymatic Function. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:123-137. [PMID: 35836064 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The proteomics field has undergone tremendous development with the introduction of many innovative methods for the identification and characterization of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Sensitive and quantitative protein association-based techniques represent a versatile tool to probe the architecture of receptor complexes and receptor-ligand interactions and expand the drug discovery toolbox by facilitating high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches. These novel methodologies will be highly enabling for interrogation of structural determinants required for the activity of multimeric membrane-bound enzymes with unresolved crystal structure and for HTS assay development focused on unique characteristics of complex assembly instead of common catalytic features, thereby increasing specificity. We describe here an example of a binary luciferase reporter assay (NanoBiT®) to quantitatively assess the heterodimerization of the catalytically active NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) enzyme complex. The catalytic subunit NOX4 requires association with the protein p22phox for stabilization and enzymatic activity, but the precise manner by which these two membrane-bound proteins interact to facilitate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation is currently unknown. The NanoBiT complementation reporter quantitatively determined the accurate, reduced, or failed complex assembly, which can then be confirmed by determining H2O2 release, protein expression, and heterodimer trafficking. Multimeric complex formation differs between NOX enzyme isoforms, facilitating isoform-specific, PPI-based drug screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O'Neill
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Legend Biotech, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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Herranz-Itúrbide M, Peñuelas-Haro I, Espinosa-Sotelo R, Bertran E, Fabregat I. The TGF-β/NADPH Oxidases Axis in the Regulation of Liver Cell Biology in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092312. [PMID: 34571961 PMCID: PMC8470857 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays essential roles in liver development and homeostasis and become a relevant factor involved in different liver pathologies, particularly fibrosis and cancer. The family of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) has emerged in recent years as targets of the TGF-β pathway mediating many of its effects on hepatocytes, stellate cells and macrophages. This review focuses on how the axis TGF-β/NOXs may regulate the biology of different liver cells and how this influences physiological situations, such as liver regeneration, and pathological circumstances, such as liver fibrosis and cancer. Finally, we discuss whether NOX inhibitors may be considered as potential therapeutic tools in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Herranz-Itúrbide
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peñuelas-Haro
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rut Espinosa-Sotelo
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Bertran
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-607-828
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3
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Vo TTM, Nguyen TV, Amoroso G, Ventura T, Elizur A. Deploying new generation sequencing for the study of flesh color depletion in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:545. [PMID: 34271869 PMCID: PMC8285899 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flesh pigmentation of farmed Atlantic salmon is formed by accumulation of carotenoids derived from commercial diets. In the salmon gastrointestinal system, the hindgut is considered critical in the processes of carotenoids uptake and metabolism. In Tasmania, flesh color depletion can noticeably affect farmed Atlantic salmon at different levels of severity following extremely hot summers. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to investigate the reduction in flesh pigmentation. Library preparation is a key step that significantly impacts the effectiveness of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) experiments. Besides the commonly used whole transcript RNA-Seq method, the 3' mRNA-Seq method is being applied widely, owing to its reduced cost, enabling more repeats to be sequenced at the expense of lower resolution. Therefore, the output of the Illumina TruSeq kit (whole transcript RNA-Seq) and the Lexogen QuantSeq kit (3' mRNA-Seq) was analyzed to identify genes in the Atlantic salmon hindgut that are differentially expressed (DEGs) between two flesh color phenotypes. RESULTS In both methods, DEGs between the two color phenotypes were associated with metal ion transport, oxidation-reduction processes, and immune responses. We also found DEGs related to lipid metabolism in the QuantSeq method. In the TruSeq method, a missense mutation was detected in DEGs in different flesh color traits. The number of DEGs found in the TruSeq libraries was much higher than the QuantSeq; however, the trend of DEGs in both library methods was similar and validated by qPCR. CONCLUSIONS Flesh coloration in Atlantic salmon is related to lipid metabolism in which apolipoproteins, serum albumin and fatty acid-binding protein genes are hypothesized to be linked to the absorption, transport and deposition of carotenoids. Our findings suggest that Grp could inhibit the feeding behavior of low color-banded fish, resulting in the dietary carotenoid shortage. Several SNPs in genes involving in carotenoid-binding cholesterol and oxidative stress were detected in both flesh color phenotypes. Regarding the choice of the library preparation method, the selection criteria depend on the research design and purpose. The 3' mRNA-Seq method is ideal for targeted identification of highly expressed genes, while the whole RNA-Seq method is recommended for identification of unknown genes, enabling the identification of splice variants and trait-associated SNPs, as we have found for duox2 and duoxa1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thi Minh Vo
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Sunshine Coast, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biotechnology, International University, Viet Nam National University, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Viet Nguyen
- Centre for AgriBiosciences, AgriBio, Agriculture Victoria, Victoria, 3083, Bundoora, Australia
| | | | - Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Sunshine Coast, Australia. .,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Abigail Elizur
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Sunshine Coast, Australia.
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4
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Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:890. [PMID: 34205998 PMCID: PMC8228183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in immune defense, where its ROS production leads to the destruction of pathogens by the immune cells. NOX from phagocytes catalyzes, via one-electron trans-membrane transfer to molecular oxygen, the production of the superoxide anion. Over the years, six human homologs of the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the NOX2/gp91phox component present in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase assembly itself, the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. NOX are complex multidomain proteins with varying requirements for assembly with combinations of other proteins for activity. The recent structural insights acquired on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic NOX open new perspectives for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms inherent to NOX regulation and ROS production (superoxide or hydrogen peroxide). This new structural information will certainly inform new investigations of human disease. As specialized ROS producers, NOX enzymes participate in numerous crucial physiological processes, including host defense, the post-translational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. These diversities of physiological context will be discussed in this review. We also discuss NOX misregulation, which can contribute to a wide range of severe pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, lung fibrosis, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases, giving this family of membrane proteins a strong therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Isabelle Petit-Härtlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
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5
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Ashtiwi NM, Sarr D, Rada B. DUOX1 in mammalian disease pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:743-754. [PMID: 33704512 PMCID: PMC8315118 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) is a member of the protein family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. DUOX1 has several normal physiological, immunological, and biochemical functions in different parts of the body. Dysregulated oxidative metabolism interferes with various disease pathologies and numerous therapeutic options are based on targeting cellular redox pathways. DUOX1 forms an important enzymatic source of biological oxidants, and DUOX1 expression is frequently dysregulated in various diseases. While this review shortly addresses the biochemical and cellular properties and proposed physiological roles of DUOX1, its main purpose is to summarize the current knowledge with respect to the potential role of DUOX1 enzyme in disease pathology, especially in mammalian organisms. Although DUOX1 is normally prominently expressed in epithelial lineages, it is frequently silenced in epithelial-derived cancers by epigenetic mechanisms. While an abundance of information is available on DUOX1 transcription in different diseases, an increasing number of mechanistic studies indicate a causative relationship between DUOX1 function and disease pathophysiology. Additionally, specific functions of the DUOX1 maturation factor, DUOXA1, will also be addressed. Lastly, urgent and outstanding questions on the field of DUOX1 will be discussed that could provide valuable new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Milad Ashtiwi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Structures of human dual oxidase 1 complex in low-calcium and high-calcium states. Nat Commun 2021; 12:155. [PMID: 33420071 PMCID: PMC7794343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual oxidases (DUOXs) produce hydrogen peroxide by transferring electrons from intracellular NADPH to extracellular oxygen. They are involved in many crucial biological processes and human diseases, especially in thyroid diseases. DUOXs are protein complexes co-assembled from the catalytic DUOX subunits and the auxiliary DUOXA subunits and their activities are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human DUOX1-DUOXA1 complex in both high-calcium and low-calcium states. These structures reveal the DUOX1 complex is a symmetric 2:2 hetero-tetramer stabilized by extensive inter-subunit interactions. Substrate NADPH and cofactor FAD are sandwiched between transmembrane domain and the cytosolic dehydrogenase domain of DUOX. In the presence of calcium ions, intracellular EF-hand modules might enhance the catalytic activity of DUOX by stabilizing the dehydrogenase domain in a conformation that allows electron transfer.
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7
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The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32557-32565. [PMID: 33277433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013773117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Western South America was one of the worldwide cradles of civilization. The well-known Inca Empire was the tip of the iceberg of an evolutionary process that started 11,000 to 14,000 years ago. Genetic data from 18 Peruvian populations reveal the following: 1) The between-population homogenization of the central southern Andes and its differentiation with respect to Amazonian populations of similar latitudes do not extend northward. Instead, longitudinal gene flow between the northern coast of Peru, Andes, and Amazonia accompanied cultural and socioeconomic interactions revealed by archeology. This pattern recapitulates the environmental and cultural differentiation between the fertile north, where altitudes are lower, and the arid south, where the Andes are higher, acting as a genetic barrier between the sharply different environments of the Andes and Amazonia. 2) The genetic homogenization between the populations of the arid Andes is not only due to migrations during the Inca Empire or the subsequent colonial period. It started at least during the earlier expansion of the Wari Empire (600 to 1,000 years before present). 3) This demographic history allowed for cases of positive natural selection in the high and arid Andes vs. the low Amazon tropical forest: in the Andes, a putative enhancer in HAND2-AS1 (heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 antisense RNA1, a noncoding gene related to cardiovascular function) and rs269868-C/Ser1067 in DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2, related to thyroid function and innate immunity) genes and, in the Amazon, the gene encoding for the CD45 protein, essential for antigen recognition by T and B lymphocytes in viral-host interaction.
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8
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Structures of mouse DUOX1-DUOXA1 provide mechanistic insights into enzyme activation and regulation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:1086-1093. [PMID: 32929281 PMCID: PMC7644671 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DUOX1, a NADPH oxidase family member, catalyzes the production of hydrogen peroxide. DUOX1 is expressed in various tissues, including thyroid and respiratory tract, and plays a crucial role in processes such as thyroid hormone biosynthesis and innate host defense. DUOX1 co-assembles with its maturation factor DUOXA1 to form an active enzyme complex. However, the molecular mechanisms for activation and regulation of DUOX1 remain mostly unclear. Here I present cryo-EM structures of the mammalian DUOX1–DUOXA1 complex, in the absence and presence of substrate NADPH, as well as DUOX1–DUOXA1 in an unexpected dimer-of-dimer configuration. These structures reveal atomic details of the DUOX1–DUOXA1 interaction, a lipid-mediated NADPH-binding pocket and the electron transfer path. Furthermore, biochemical and structural analyses indicate that the dimer-of-dimer configuration represents an inactive state of DUOX1–DUOXA1, suggesting an oligomerization-dependent regulatory mechanism. Together, my work provides structural bases for DUOX1–DUOXA1 activation and regulation.
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Dang PMC, Rolas L, El-Benna J. The Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species-Generating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Therapeutic Perspectives. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:354-373. [PMID: 31968991 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their intrinsic cytotoxic properties, mounting evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) physiologically produced by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) of epithelial cells (NOX1, dual oxidase [DUOX]2) and phagocytes (NOX2) are critical for innate immune response and homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. However, dysregulated ROS production could be a driving factor in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent Advances: In addition to NOX2, recent studies have demonstrated that NOX1- and DUOX2-derived ROS can regulate intestinal innate immune defense and homeostasis by impacting many processes, including bacterial virulence, expression of bacteriostatic proteins, epithelial renewal and restitution, and microbiota composition. Moreover, the antibacterial role of DUOX2 is a function conserved in evolution as it has been described in invertebrates, and lower and higher vertebrates. In humans, variants of the NOX2, NOX1, and DUOX2 genes, which are associated with impaired ROS production, have been identified in very early onset IBD, but overexpression of NOX/DUOX, especially DUOX2, has also been described in IBD, suggesting that loss-of-function or excessive activity of the ROS-generating enzymes could contribute to disease progression. Critical Issues: Therapeutic perspectives aiming at targeting NOX/DUOX in IBD should take into account the two sides of NOX/DUOX-derived ROS in intestinal inflammation. Hence, NOX/DUOX inhibitors or ROS inducers should be considered as a function of the disease context. Future Directions: A thorough understanding of the physiological and pathological regulation of NOX/DUOX in the gastrointestinal tract is an absolute pre-requisite for the development of therapeutic strategies that can modulate ROS levels in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Rolas
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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10
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Kushwaha PP, Gupta S, Singh AK, Prajapati KS, Shuaib M, Kumar S. MicroRNA Targeting Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:267-284. [PMID: 31656079 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurs primarily in the mitochondria as a by-product of cellular metabolism. ROS are also produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases in response to growth factors and cytokines by normal physiological signaling pathways. NADPH oxidase, a member of NADPH oxidase (NOX) family, utilizes molecular oxygen (O2) to generate ROS such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Imbalance between ROS production and its elimination is known to be the major cause of various human diseases. NOX family proteins are exclusively involved in ROS production, which makes them attractive target(s) for the treatment of ROS-mediated diseases including cancer. Recent Advances: Molecules such as Keap1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, nuclear factor-kappaB, KRAS, kallistatin, gene associated with retinoic-interferon-induced mortality-19, and deregulated metabolic pathways are involved in ROS production in association with NADPH oxidase. Critical Issues: Therapeutic strategies targeting NADPH oxidases in ROS-driven cancers are not very effective due to its complex regulatory circuit. Tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) viz. miR-34a, miR-137, miR-99a, and miR-21a-3p targeting NADPH oxidases are predominantly downregulated in ROS-driven cancers. miRNAs also regulate other cellular machineries such as Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and NMDA receptors involved in ROS production and consequently drug resistance. Here, we discuss the structure, function, and metabolic role of NADPH oxidase, NOX family protein-protein interaction, their association with other pathways, and NADPH oxidase alteration by miRNAs. Moreover, we also discuss and summarize studies on NADPH oxidase associated with various malignancies and their therapeutic implications. Future Directions: Targeting NADPH oxidases through miRNAs appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of ROS-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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11
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Giusti N, Gillotay P, Trubiroha A, Opitz R, Dumont JE, Costagliola S, De Deken X. Inhibition of the thyroid hormonogenic H 2O 2 production by Duox/DuoxA in zebrafish reveals VAS2870 as a new goitrogenic compound. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110635. [PMID: 31678421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis requires extracellular hydrogen peroxide generated by the NADPH oxidases, DUOX1 and DUOX2, with maturation factors, DUOXA1 and DUOXA2. In zebrafish, only one duox and one duoxa gene are present. Using a thyroid-specific reporter line, we investigated the role of Duox and Duoxa for TH biosynthesis in zebrafish larvae. Analysis of several zebrafish duox and duoxa mutant models consistently recovered hypothyroid phenotypes with hyperplastic goiter caused by impaired TH synthesis. Mutant larvae developed enlarged thyroids and showed increased expression of the EGFP reporter and thyroid functional markers including wild-type and mutated duox and duoxa transcripts. Treatment of zebrafish larvae with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor VAS2870 phenocopied the thyroid effects observed in duox or duoxa mutants. Additional functional in vitro assays corroborated the pharmacological inhibition of Duox activity by VAS2870. These data support the utility of this new experimental model to characterize endocrine disruptors of the thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Giusti
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Gillotay
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Achim Trubiroha
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Present Address: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jacques-Emile Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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The Dual Oxidase Duox2 stabilized with DuoxA2 in an enzymatic complex at the surface of the cell produces extracellular H 2O 2 able to induce DNA damage in an inducible cellular model. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111620. [PMID: 31513783 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone synthesis requires H2O2, produced by two NADPH oxidases, Duox1 and Duox2. To be fully active at the apical pole of the thyrocytes, these enzymes need additional maturation factors DuoxA1 and DuoxA2. The proteins have been shown to be localized at the cell surface, suggesting that they could form a complex with Duox counterparts. We have generated multiple HEK293 Tet-On3G cell lines that express various combinations of DuoxA upon doxycycline induction, in association with a constitutive expression of the Duox enzyme. We compared Duox specific activity, Duox/DuoxA cell surface interactions and the cellular consequences of sustained H2O2 generation. By normalizing H2O2 extracellular production by Duox or DuoxA membrane expression, we have demonstrated that the most active enzymatic complex is Duox2/DuoxA2, compared to Duox1/DuoxA1. A direct cell surface interaction was shown between Duox1/2 and both DuoxA1 and DuoxA2 using the Duolink® technology, Duox1/DuoxA1 and Duox2/DuoxA2 membrane complexes being more stable than the unpaired ones. A significant increase in DNA damage was observed in the nuclei of Duox2/DuoxA2 expressing cells after doxycycline induction and stimulation of Duox catalytic activity. The maturation and activity of Duox2 were drastically impaired when expressed with the glycosylation-defective maturation factor DuoxA2, while the impact of the unglycosylated DuoxA1 mutant on Duox1 membrane expression and activity was rather limited. The present data demonstrate for the first time that H2O2 produced by the Duox2/DuoxA2 cell surface enzymatic complex could provoke potential mutagenic DNA damage in an inducible cellular model, and highlight the importance of the co-expressed partner in the activity and stability of Duox/DuoxA complexes.
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Augsburger F, Filippova A, Rasti D, Seredenina T, Lam M, Maghzal G, Mahiout Z, Jansen-Dürr P, Knaus UG, Doroshow J, Stocker R, Krause KH, Jaquet V. Pharmacological characterization of the seven human NOX isoforms and their inhibitors. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101272. [PMID: 31330481 PMCID: PMC6658998 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NADPH oxidases (NOX) are a family of flavoenzymes that catalyze the formation of superoxide anion radical (O2•-) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). As major oxidant generators, NOX are associated with oxidative damage in numerous diseases and represent promising drug targets for several pathologies. Various small molecule NOX inhibitors are used in the literature, but their pharmacological characterization is often incomplete in terms of potency, specificity and mode of action. Experimental approach We used cell lines expressing high levels of human NOX isoforms (NOX1-5, DUOX1 and 2) to detect NOX-derived O2•- or H2O2 using a variety of specific probes. NOX inhibitory activity of diphenylene iodonium (DPI), apocynin, diapocynin, ebselen, GKT136901 and VAS2870 was tested on NOX isoforms in cellular and membrane assays. Additional assays were used to identify potential off target effects, such as antioxidant activity, interference with assays or acute cytotoxicity. Key results Cells expressing active NOX isoforms formed O2•-, except for DUOX1 and 2, and in all cases activation of NOX isoforms was associated with the detection of extracellular H2O2. Among all molecules tested, DPI elicited dose-dependent inhibition of all isoforms in all assays, however all other molecules tested displayed interesting pharmacological characteristics, but did not meet criteria for bona fide NOX inhibitors. Conclusion Our findings indicate that experimental results obtained with widely used NOX inhibitors must be carefully interpreted and highlight the challenge of developing reliable pharmacological inhibitors of these key molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Augsburger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Filippova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Rasti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Lam
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghassan Maghzal
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Zahia Mahiout
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research (IBA), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Vascular Biology Division, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ueyama T. Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020092. [PMID: 30696065 PMCID: PMC6406560 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPases of the Rho-family (Rho-family GTPases) have various physiological functions, including cytoskeletal regulation, cell polarity establishment, cell proliferation and motility, transcription, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis. A relatively large number of downstream targets of Rho-family GTPases have been reported for in vitro studies. However, only a small number of signal pathways have been established at the in vivo level. Cumulative evidence for the functions of Rho-family GTPases has been reported for in vivo studies using genetically engineered mouse models. It was based on different cell- and tissue-specific conditional genes targeting mice. In this review, we introduce recent advances in in vivo studies, including human patient trials on Rho-family GTPases, focusing on highly polarized sensory organs, such as the cochlea, which is the primary hearing organ, host defenses involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis (especially associated with RAC, novel RAC1-GSPT1 signaling, RHOA, and RHOBTB2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Ueyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
NOX (NADPH oxidases) are a family of NADPH-dependent transmembrane enzymes that synthesize superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. There are seven isoforms (NOX1-5 and DUOX1-2) which derive from a common ancestral NOX. NOX enzymes are distinguished by different modes of activation, the types of ROS that are produced, the cell types where they are expressed, and distinct functional roles. NOX5 was one of the earliest eukaryotic Nox enzymes to evolve and ironically the last isoform to be discovered in humans. In the time since its discovery, our knowledge of the regulation of NOX5 has expanded tremendously, and we now have a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NOX5-dependent ROS production. In contrast, the cell types where NOX5 is robustly expressed and its functional significance in health and disease remain an underdeveloped area. The goal of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date overview of the mechanisms regulating NOX5 function and its importance in human physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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16
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Abstract
The stabilization and activation of NOX4 through its binding with p22phox are well documented; however little is known of the precise manner by which these two proteins interact. In recent years, the field of proteomics has undergone tremendous development with the introduction of many novel methods for the identification and characterization of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). To enhance our understanding of structural determinants leading to the association between NOX4 and p22phox, we developed a binary luciferase reporter assay (NanoBiT®) to quantitatively assess NOX4-p22phox heterodimerization. The complementation reporter quantitatively determines the accurate, reduced, or failed complex assembly, which can be confirmed and further interrogated by analyzing NOX4 catalytic activity (H2O2 release), protein expression, and dimer localization. This association-based PPI technique represents both a much-needed expansion of the NOX4 lead discovery tool box and a versatile method to probe the architecture of NOX and DUOX complexes in the future.
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Abstract
Extracellular hydrogen peroxide is required for thyroperoxidase-mediated thyroid hormone synthesis in the follicular lumen of the thyroid gland. Among the NADPH oxidases, dual oxidases, DUOX1 and DUOX2, constitute a distinct subfamily initially identified as thyroid oxidases, based on their level of expression in the thyroid. Despite their high sequence similarity, the two isoforms present distinct regulations, tissue expression, and catalytic functions. Inactivating mutations in many of the genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis associated with iodide organification defect. This chapter provides an overview of the genetic alterations in DUOX2 and its maturation factor, DUOXA2, causing inherited severe hypothyroidism that clearly demonstrate the physiological implication of this oxidase in thyroid hormonogenesis. Mutations in the DUOX2 gene have been described in permanent but also in transient forms of congenital hypothyroidism. Moreover, accumulating evidence demonstrates that the high phenotypic variability associated with altered DUOX2 function is not directly related to the number of inactivated DUOX2 alleles, suggesting the existence of other pathophysiological factors. The presence of two DUOX isoforms and their corresponding maturation factors in the same organ could certainly constitute an efficient redundant mechanism to maintain sufficient H2O2 supply for iodide organification. Many of the reported DUOX2 missense variants have not been functionally characterized, their clinical impact in the observed phenotype remaining unresolved, especially in mild transient congenital hypothyroidism. DUOX2 function should be carefully evaluated using an in vitro assay wherein (1) DUOXA2 is co-expressed, (2) H2O2 production is activated, (3) and DUOX2 membrane expression is precisely analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier De Deken
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Françoise Miot
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium
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Louzada RA, Corre R, Ameziane-El-Hassani R, Hecht F, Cazarin J, Buffet C, Carvalho DP, Dupuy C. Conformation of the N-Terminal Ectodomain Elicits Different Effects on DUOX Function: A Potential Impact on Congenital Hypothyroidism Caused by a H 2O 2 Production Defect. Thyroid 2018; 28:1052-1062. [PMID: 29845893 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) were initially identified as H2O2 sources involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) resulting from inactivating mutations in the DUOX2 gene highlighted that DUOX2 is the major H2O2 provider to thyroperoxidase. The role of DUOX1 in the thyroid remains unknown. A recent study suggests that it could compensate for DUOX2 deficiency in CH. Both DUOX enzymes and their respective maturation factors DUOXA1 and DUOXA2 form a stable complex at the cell surface, which is fundamental for their enzymatic activity. Recently, intra- and intermolecular disulfide bridges were identified that are essential for the structure and the function of the DUOX2-DUOXA2 complex. This study investigated the involvement of cysteine residues conserved in DUOX1 toward the formation of disulfide bridges, which could be important for the function of the DUOX1DUOXA1 complex. METHODS To analyze the role of these cysteine residues in both the targeting and function of dual oxidase, different human DUOX1 mutants were constructed, where the cysteine residues were replaced with glycine. The effect of these mutations on cell surface expression and H2O2-generating activity of the DUOX1-DUOXA1 complex was analyzed. RESULTS Mutations of two cysteine residues (C118 and C1165), involved in the formation of the intramolecular disulfide bridge between the N-terminal ectodomain and one of the extracellular loops, mildly altered the function and the targeting of DUOX1, while this bridge is crucial for DUOX2 function. Unlike DUOXA2, with respect to DUOX2, the stability of the maturation factor DUOXA1 is not dependent on the oxidative folding of DUOX1. Only mutation of C579 induced a strong alteration of both targeting and function of the oxidase by preventing the covalent interaction between DUOX1 and DUOXA1. CONCLUSION An intermolecular disulfide bridge rather than an intramolecular disulfide bridge is important for both the trafficking and H2O2-generating activity of the DUOX1-DUOXA1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruy Andrade Louzada
- 1 Université Paris-Sud , Orsay, France
- 2 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France
- 3 Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
- 4 Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raphael Corre
- 2 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France
- 3 Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
| | - Rabii Ameziane-El-Hassani
- 1 Université Paris-Sud , Orsay, France
- 2 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France
- 3 Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
- 5 Laboratoire de Biologie des Pathologies Humaines "BioPatH," Université Mohammed V , Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fabio Hecht
- 1 Université Paris-Sud , Orsay, France
- 2 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France
- 3 Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
- 4 Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cazarin
- 1 Université Paris-Sud , Orsay, France
- 2 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France
- 3 Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
- 4 Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camille Buffet
- 1 Université Paris-Sud , Orsay, France
- 2 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France
- 3 Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
| | - Denise P Carvalho
- 4 Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- 1 Université Paris-Sud , Orsay, France
- 2 UMR 8200 CNRS , Villejuif, France
- 3 Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
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Morioka S, Sakaguchi H, Yamaguchi T, Ninoyu Y, Mohri H, Nakamura T, Hisa Y, Ogita K, Saito N, Ueyama T. Hearing vulnerability after noise exposure in a mouse model of reactive oxygen species overproduction. J Neurochem 2018; 146:459-473. [PMID: 29675997 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have convincingly argued that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of several major types of sensorineural hearing loss, such as noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), drug-induced hearing loss, and age-related hearing loss. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms induced by ROS in these pathologies remain unclear. To resolve this issue, we established an in vivo model of ROS overproduction by generating a transgenic (TG) mouse line expressing the human NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4, NOX4-TG mice), which is a constitutively active ROS-producing enzyme that does not require stimulation or an activator. Overproduction of ROS was detected at the cochlea of the inner ear in NOX4-TG mice, but they showed normal hearing function under baseline conditions. However, they demonstrated hearing function vulnerability, especially at high-frequency sounds, upon exposure to intense noise, which was accompanied by loss of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). The vulnerability to loss of hearing function and OHCs was rescued by treatment with the antioxidant Tempol. Additionally, we found increased protein levels of the heat-shock protein 47 (HSP47) in models using HEK293 cells, including H2 O2 treatment and cells with stable and transient expression of NOX4. Furthermore, the up-regulated levels of Hsp47 were observed in both the cochlea and heart of NOX4-TG mice. Thus, antioxidant therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of NIHL. Hsp47 may be an endogenous antioxidant factor, compensating for the chronic ROS overexposure in vivo, and counteracting ROS-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigefumi Morioka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakaguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ninoyu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mohri
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hisa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Ogita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoaki Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ueyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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20
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Antimicrobial actions of dual oxidases and lactoperoxidase. J Microbiol 2018; 56:373-386. [PMID: 29858825 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NOX/DUOX family of NADPH oxidases are transmembrane proteins generating reactive oxygen species as their primary enzymatic products. NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1-5 and Dual oxidase (DUOX) 1 and 2 are members of this family. These enzymes have several biological functions including immune defense, hormone biosynthesis, fertilization, cell proliferation and differentiation, extracellular matrix formation and vascular regulation. They are found in a variety of tissues such as the airways, salivary glands, colon, thyroid gland and lymphoid organs. The discovery of NADPH oxidases has drastically transformed our view of the biology of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Roles of several isoforms including DUOX1 and DUOX2 in host innate immune defense have been implicated and are still being uncovered. DUOX enzymes highly expressed in the respiratory and salivary gland epithelium have been proposed as the major sources of hydrogen peroxide supporting mucosal oxidative antimicrobial defenses. In this review, we shortly present data on DUOX discovery, structure and function, and provide a detailed, up-to-date summary of discoveries regarding antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic functions of DUOX enzymes. We also present all the literature describing the immune functions of lactoperoxidase, an enzyme working in partnership with DUOX to produce antimicrobial substances.
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21
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Kiyohara T, Miyano K, Kamakura S, Hayase J, Chishiki K, Kohda A, Sumimoto H. Differential cell surface recruitment of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases Nox1, Nox2 and Nox5: The role of the small GTPase Sar1. Genes Cells 2018; 23:480-493. [PMID: 29718541 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane glycoproteins, synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), generally reach the Golgi apparatus in COPII-coated vesicles en route to the cell surface. Here, we show that the bona fide nonglycoprotein Nox5, a transmembrane superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase, is transported to the cell surface in a manner resistant to co-expression of Sar1 (H79G), a GTP-fixed mutant of the small GTPase Sar1, which blocks COPII vesicle fission from the ER. In contrast, Sar1 (H79G) effectively inhibits ER-to-Golgi transport of glycoproteins including the Nox5-related oxidase Nox2. The trafficking of Nox2, but not that of Nox5, is highly sensitive to over-expression of syntaxin 5 (Stx5), a t-SNARE required for COPII ER-to-Golgi transport. Thus, Nox2 and Nox5 mainly traffic via the Sar1/Stx5-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively. Both participate in Nox1 trafficking, as Nox1 advances to the cell surface in two differentially N-glycosylated forms, one complex and one high mannose, in a Sar1/Stx5-dependent and -independent manner, respectively. Nox2 and Nox5 also can use both pathways: a glycosylation-defective mutant Nox2 is weakly recruited to the plasma membrane in a less Sar1-dependent manner; N-glycosylated Nox5 mutants reach the cell surface in part as the complex form Sar1-dependently, albeit mainly as the high-mannose form in a Sar1-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kiyohara
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Miyano
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kamakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Hayase
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Chishiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Kohda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pak O, Sydykov A, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Dietrich A, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Gudermann T, Sommer N, Weissmann N. Lung Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:195-225. [PMID: 29047088 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) occurs in many lung diseases and during surgical procedures such as lung transplantation. The re-establishment of blood flow and oxygen delivery into the previously ischaemic lung exacerbates the ischaemic injury and leads to increased microvascular permeability and pulmonary vascular resistance as well as to vigorous activation of the immune response. These events initiate the irreversible damage of the lung with subsequent oedema formation that can result in systemic hypoxaemia and multi-organ failure. Alterations in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been suggested as crucial mediators of such responses during ischaemia-reperfusion in the lung. Among numerous potential sources of ROS/RNS within cells, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidases, nitric oxide synthases and mitochondria have been investigated during LIRI. Against this background, we aim to review here the extensive literature about the ROS-mediated cellular signalling during LIRI, as well as the effectiveness of antioxidants as treatment option for LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Pak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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23
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Dickinson JD, Sweeter JM, Warren KJ, Ahmad IM, De Deken X, Zimmerman MC, Brody SL. Autophagy regulates DUOX1 localization and superoxide production in airway epithelial cells during chronic IL-13 stimulation. Redox Biol 2018; 14:272-284. [PMID: 28982074 PMCID: PMC5635347 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a broad interface with the environment, mandating well-orchestrated responses to properly modulate inflammation. Classically, autophagy is a homeostatic pathway triggered in response to external cellular stresses, and is elevated in chronic airway diseases. Recent findings highlight the additional role of autophagy in vesicle trafficking and protein secretion, implicating autophagy pathways in complex cellular responses in disease. Th2 cytokines, IL-13 and IL-4, are increased in asthma and other airway diseases contributing to chronic inflammation. Previously, we observed that IL-13 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in airway epithelial cells in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Here, we tested our hypothesis that autophagy is required for IL-13-mediated superoxide production via the NADPH oxidase DUOX1. Using a mouse model of Th2-mediated inflammation induced by OVA-allergen, we observed elevated lung amounts of IL-13 and IL-4 accompanied by increased autophagosome levels, determined by LC3BII protein levels and immunostaining. ROS levels were elevated and DUOX1 expression was increased 70-fold in OVA-challenged lungs. To address the role of autophagy and ROS in the airway epithelium, we treated primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells with IL-13 or IL-4. Prolonged, 7-day treatment increased autophagosome formation and degradation, while brief activation had no effect. Under parallel culture conditions, IL-13 and IL-4 increased intracellular superoxide levels as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Prolonged IL-13 activation increased DUOX1, localized at the apical membrane. Silencing DUOX1 by siRNA attenuated IL-13-mediated increases in superoxide, but did not reduce autophagy activities. Notably, depletion of autophagy regulatory protein ATG5 significantly reduced superoxide without diminishing total DUOX1 levels. Depletion of ATG5, however, diminished DUOX1 localization at the apical membrane. The findings suggest non-canonical autophagy activity regulates DUOX1-dependent localization required for intracellular superoxide production during Th2 inflammation. Thus, in chronic Th2 inflammatory airway disease, autophagy proteins may be responsible for persistent intracellular superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Dickinson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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24
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Tyurin-Kuzmin PA, Karagyaur MN, Rubtsov YP, Dyikanov DT, Vasiliev PA, Vorotnikov AV. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated modification of the extreme C-terminus impairs PDGF-stimulated activity of Duox2. Biol Chem 2018; 399:437-446. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Duox2 belongs to the large family of NADPH-oxidase enzymes that are implicated in immune response, vasoregulation, hormone synthesis, cell growth and differentiation via the regulated synthesis of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species. We and others have shown that Duox2 and H2O2 are involved in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced migration of fibroblasts. Now, using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing we demonstrate that the extreme C-terminal region of Duox2 is required for PDGF-stimulated activity of Duox2 and H2O2 production. We generated the fibroblast cells that stably co-express the wild-type or C-terminally modified Duox2 and fluorescent H2O2 probe Hyper. We found that nonsense substitution of the last 23 amino acids in Duox2 results in complete loss of PDGF stimulation of intracellular H2O2 and fibroblast migration, yet these mutations have no effects on the expression of Duox2 and other NADPH-oxidases in cells. These findings illustrate for the first time that the extreme C-terminus of Duox2 is required for the functional activity of the enzyme. Furthermore, the conservative nature of the C-terminus suggests its role for activity in other NADPH-oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyotr A. Tyurin-Kuzmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Lomonosovsky ave, 27-1 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Maxim N. Karagyaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Lomonosovsky ave, 27-1 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Yury P. Rubtsov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Lomonosovsky ave, 27-1 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Daniyar T. Dyikanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Lomonosovsky ave, 27-1 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Pyotr A. Vasiliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Lomonosovsky ave, 27-1 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Alexander V. Vorotnikov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Center , Lomonosovsky ave, 27-10 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
- Laboratory of Cell Motility , Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology , Moscow 121552 , Russia
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25
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Little AC, Sulovari A, Danyal K, Heppner DE, Seward DJ, van der Vliet A. Paradoxical roles of dual oxidases in cancer biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:117-132. [PMID: 28578013 PMCID: PMC5535817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated oxidative metabolism is a well-recognized aspect of cancer biology, and many therapeutic strategies are based on targeting cancers by altering cellular redox pathways. The NADPH oxidases (NOXes) present an important enzymatic source of biological oxidants, and the expression and activation of several NOX isoforms are frequently dysregulated in many cancers. Cell-based studies have demonstrated a role for several NOX isozymes in controlling cell proliferation and/or cell migration, further supporting a potential contributing role for NOX in promoting cancer. While various NOX isoforms are often upregulated in cancers, paradoxical recent findings indicate that dual oxidases (DUOXes), normally prominently expressed in epithelial lineages, are frequently suppressed in epithelial-derived cancers by epigenetic mechanisms, although the functional relevance of such DUOX silencing has remained unclear. This review will briefly summarize our current understanding regarding the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NOXes in cancer biology, and focus on recent observations indicating the unique and seemingly opposing roles of DUOX enzymes in cancer biology. We will discuss current knowledge regarding the functional properties of DUOX, and recent studies highlighting mechanistic consequences of DUOX1 loss in lung cancer, and its consequences for tumor invasiveness and current anticancer therapy. Finally, we will also discuss potentially unique roles for the DUOX maturation factors. Overall, a better understanding of mechanisms that regulate DUOX and the functional consequences of DUOX silencing in cancer may offer valuable new diagnostic insights and novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Arvis Sulovari
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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26
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Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a crucial substrate for thyroid peroxidase, a key enzyme involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. However, as a potent oxidant, H2O2 might also be responsible for the high level of oxidative DNA damage observed in thyroid tissues, such as DNA base lesions and strand breakages, which promote chromosomal instability and contribute to the development of tumours. Although the role of H2O2 in thyroid hormone synthesis is well established, its precise mechanisms of action in pathological processes are still under investigation. The NADPH oxidase/dual oxidase family are the only oxidoreductases whose primary function is to produce reactive oxygen species. As such, the function and expression of these enzymes are tightly regulated. Thyrocytes express dual oxidase 2, which produces most of the H2O2 for thyroid hormone synthesis. Thyrocytes also express dual oxidase 1 and NADPH oxidase 4, but the roles of these enzymes are still unknown. Here, we review the structure, expression, localization and function of these enzymes. We focus on their potential role in thyroid cancer, which is characterized by increased expression of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabii Ameziane-El-Hassani
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Unité de Biologie et de Recherche Médicale, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, BP 1382, Rabat M-10001, Morocco
| | - Martin Schlumberger
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France
- University Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91400, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France
- University Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91400, France
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27
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Chen F, Haigh S, Yu Y, Benson T, Wang Y, Li X, Dou H, Bagi Z, Verin AD, Stepp DW, Csanyi G, Chadli A, Weintraub NL, Smith SME, Fulton DJR. Nox5 stability and superoxide production is regulated by C-terminal binding of Hsp90 and CO-chaperones. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:793-805. [PMID: 26456056 PMCID: PMC4751585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that orchestrates the folding and stability of proteins that regulate cellular signaling, proliferation and inflammation. We have previously shown that Hsp90 controls the production of reactive oxygen species by modulating the activity of Noxes1-3 and 5, but not Nox4. The goal of the current study was to define the regions on Nox5 that bind Hsp90 and determine how Hsp90 regulates enzyme activity. In isolated enzyme activity assays, we found that Hsp90 inhibitors selectively decrease superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, production. The addition of Hsp90 alone only modestly increases Nox5 enzyme activity but in combination with the co-chaperones, Hsp70, HOP, Hsp40, and p23 it robustly stimulated superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, production. Proximity ligation assays reveal that Nox5 and Hsp90 interact in intact cells. In cell lysates using a co-IP approach, Hsp90 binds to Nox5 but not Nox4, and the degree of binding can be influenced by calcium-dependent stimuli. Inhibition of Hsp90 induced the degradation of full length, catalytically inactive and a C-terminal fragment (aa398-719) of Nox5. In contrast, inhibition of Hsp90 did not affect the expression levels of N-terminal fragments (aa1-550) suggesting that Hsp90 binding maintains the stability of C-terminal regions. In Co-IP assays, Hsp90 was bound only to the C-terminal region of Nox5. Further refinement using deletion analysis revealed that the region between aa490-550 mediates Hsp90 binding. Converse mapping experiments show that the C-terminal region of Nox5 bound to the M domain of Hsp90 (aa310-529). In addition to Hsp90, Nox5 bound other components of the foldosome including co-chaperones Hsp70, HOP, p23 and Hsp40. Silencing of HOP, Hsp40 and p23 reduced Nox5-dependent superoxide. In contrast, increased expression of Hsp70 decreased Nox5 activity whereas a mutant of Hsp70 failed to do so. Inhibition of Hsp90 results in the loss of higher molecular weight complexes of Nox5 and decreased interaction between monomers. Collectively these results show that the C-terminal region of Nox5 binds to the M domain of Hsp90 and that the binding of Hsp90 and select co-chaperones facilitate oligomerization and the efficient production of superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 China; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
| | - Steven Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Tyler Benson
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Xueyi Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Huijuan Dou
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Gabor Csanyi
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Cancer Research Center, Molecular Chaperones Program, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Susan M E Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw GA 30152, USA
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
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28
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O'Neill S, Brault J, Stasia MJ, Knaus UG. Genetic disorders coupled to ROS deficiency. Redox Biol 2015; 6:135-156. [PMID: 26210446 PMCID: PMC4550764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the redox balance between generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for health. Disturbances such as continuously elevated ROS levels will result in oxidative stress and development of disease, but likewise, insufficient ROS production will be detrimental to health. Reduced or even complete loss of ROS generation originates mainly from inactivating variants in genes encoding for NADPH oxidase complexes. In particular, deficiency in phagocyte Nox2 oxidase function due to genetic variants (CYBB, CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4) has been recognized as a direct cause of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited immune disorder. More recently, additional diseases have been linked to functionally altered variants in genes encoding for other NADPH oxidases, such as for DUOX2/DUOXA2 in congenital hypothyroidism, or for the Nox2 complex, NOX1 and DUOX2 as risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive overview of novel developments in terms of Nox/Duox-deficiency disorders is presented, combined with insights gained from structure-function studies that will aid in predicting functional defects of clinical variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O'Neill
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Brault
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Jose Stasia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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