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Gélabert C, Papoutsoglou P, Golán I, Ahlström E, Ameur A, Heldin CH, Caja L, Moustakas A. The long non-coding RNA LINC00707 interacts with Smad proteins to regulate TGFβ signaling and cancer cell invasion. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:271. [PMID: 37784093 PMCID: PMC10544626 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cellular processes by interacting with RNAs or proteins. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling via Smad proteins regulates gene networks that control diverse biological processes, including cancer cell migration. LncRNAs have emerged as TGFβ targets, yet, their mechanism of action and biological role in cancer remain poorly understood. METHODS Whole-genome transcriptomics identified lncRNA genes regulated by TGFβ. Protein kinase inhibitors and RNA-silencing, in combination with cDNA cloning, provided loss- and gain-of-function analyses. Cancer cell-based assays coupled to RNA-immunoprecipitation, chromatin isolation by RNA purification and protein screening sought mechanistic evidence. Functional validation of TGFβ-regulated lncRNAs was based on new transcriptomics and by combining RNAscope with immunohistochemical analysis in tumor tissue. RESULTS Transcriptomics of TGFβ signaling responses revealed down-regulation of the predominantly cytoplasmic long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 707 (LINC00707). Expression of LINC00707 required Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase inputs. By limiting the binding of Krüppel-like factor 6 to the LINC00707 promoter, TGFβ led to LINC00707 repression. Functionally, LINC00707 suppressed cancer cell invasion, as well as key fibrogenic and pro-mesenchymal responses to TGFβ, as also attested by RNA-sequencing analysis. LINC00707 also suppressed Smad-dependent signaling. Mechanistically, LINC00707 interacted with and retained Smad proteins in the cytoplasm. Upon TGFβ stimulation, LINC00707 dissociated from the Smad complex, which allowed Smad accumulation in the nucleus. In vivo, LINC00707 expression was negatively correlated with Smad2 activation in tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS LINC00707 interacts with Smad proteins and limits the output of TGFβ signaling, which decreases LINC00707 expression, thus favoring cancer cell invasion. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gélabert
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis Papoutsoglou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
- Inserm, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, OSS (Oncogenesis, Stress, Signalling) laboratory, UMR_S 1242, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Irene Golán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Eric Ahlström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden.
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Hussen BM, Hidayat HJ, Abdullah SR, Mohamadtahr S, Rasul MF, Samsami M, Taheri M. Role of long non-coding RNAs and TGF-β signaling in the regulation of breast cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Cytokine 2023; 170:156351. [PMID: 37657235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine known as transforming growth factor (TGF) is essential for cell development, differentiation, and apoptosis in BC. TGF-β dysregulation can either promote or inhibit tumor development, and it is a key signaling pathway in BC spread. A recently identified family of ncRNAs known as lncRNAs has received a great deal of effort and is an important regulator of many cellular processes, including transcription of genes, chromatin remodeling, progression of the cell cycle, and posttranscriptional processing. Furthermore, both TGF-β signaling and lncRNAs serve as important early-stage biomarkers for BC diagnosis and prognosis and also play a significant role in BC drug resistance. According to recent studies, lncRNAs can regulate TGF-β by modulating its cofactors in BC. However, the particular functions of lncRNAs and the TGF-β pathway in controlling BC progression are not well understood yet. This review explores the lncRNAs' functional properties in BC as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in the regulation of genes, with a focus on dysregulated TGF-β signaling. Further, we emphasize the functional roles of lncRNAs and TGF-β pathway in the progression of BC to discover new treatment strategies and better comprehend the fundamental cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Fan C, González-Prieto R, Kuipers TB, Vertegaal ACO, van Veelen PA, Mei H, Ten Dijke P. The lncRNA LETS1 promotes TGF-β-induced EMT and cancer cell migration by transcriptionally activating a TβR1-stabilizing mechanism. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadf1947. [PMID: 37339182 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is a critical driver of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression. In SMAD-dependent TGF-β signaling, activation of the TGF-β receptor complex stimulates the phosphorylation of the intracellular receptor-associated SMADs (SMAD2 and SMAD3), which translocate to the nucleus to promote target gene expression. SMAD7 inhibits signaling through the pathway by promoting the polyubiquitination of the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI). We identified an unannotated nuclear long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that we designated LETS1 (lncRNA enforcing TGF-β signaling 1) that was not only increased but also perpetuated by TGF-β signaling. Loss of LETS1 attenuated TGF-β-induced EMT and migration in breast and lung cancer cells in vitro and extravasation of the cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. LETS1 potentiated TGF-β-SMAD signaling by stabilizing cell surface TβRI, thereby forming a positive feedback loop. Specifically, LETS1 inhibited TβRI polyubiquitination by binding to nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT5) and inducing the expression of the gene encoding the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1), a component of a destruction complex for SMAD7. Overall, our findings characterize LETS1 as an EMT-promoting lncRNA that potentiates signaling through TGF-β receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuannan Fan
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
- Genome Proteomics Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Seville, Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas B Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
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Gholami M, Klashami ZN, Ebrahimi P, Mahboobipour AA, Farid AS, Vahidi A, Zoughi M, Asadi M, Amoli MM. Metformin and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:155. [PMID: 36849958 PMCID: PMC9969691 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer and cause of death in women. In recent years many studies investigated the association of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as novel genetic factors, on BC risk, survival, clinical and pathological features. Recent studies also investigated the roles of metformin treatment as the firstline treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) played in lncRNAs expression/regulation or BC incidence, outcome, mortality and survival, separately. This comprehensive study aimed to review lncRNAs associated with BC features and identify metformin-regulated lncRNAs and their mechanisms of action on BC or other types of cancers. Finally, metformin affects BC by regulating five BC-associated lncRNAs including GAS5, HOTAIR, MALAT1, and H19, by several molecular mechanisms have been described in this review. In addition, metformin action on other types of cancers by regulating ten lncRNAs including AC006160.1, Loc100506691, lncRNA-AF085935, SNHG7, HULC, UCA1, H19, MALAT1, AFAP1-AS1, AC026904.1 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Gholami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pirooz Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | | | - Amir Salehi Farid
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Vahidi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Zoughi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mughees M, Kaushal JB, Sharma G, Wajid S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Chemokines and cytokines: Axis and allies in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:497-512. [PMID: 35181473 PMCID: PMC9793433 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are recognized as the major contributor to various tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and failures of current cancer therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with chemokines and cytokines and plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Chronic inflammation is also considered an instructive process of cancer progression, where chemokines are spatiotemporally secreted by malignant cells and leukocyte subtypes that initiate cell trafficking into the TME. In various cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is reported as one of the leading cancers in the worldwide male population. The chemokines-mediated signaling pathways are intensively involved in PCa progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokines and cytokines are responsible for the pleiotropic actions in cancer, including the growth, angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition, leukocyte infiltration, and hormone escape for advanced PCa and therapy resistance. Chemokine's system and immune cells represent a promising target to suppress tumorigenic environments and serve as potential therapy/immunotherapy for the PCa. In this review, an attempt has been made to shed light on the alteration of chemokine and cytokine profiles during PCa progression and metastasis. We also discussed the recent findings of the diverse molecular signaling of these circulating chemokines and their corresponding receptors that could become future targets for therapeutic management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA(1)
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Cai X, Li Y, Fu S, Wang H, Liu B, Tian Y, Li L. LncRNA AK131850 is downregulated in thoracic aortic aneurysm and negatively affects the levels of TGF-β1 in aortic smooth muscle cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1302-1307. [PMID: 32501722 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1767653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA AK131850 in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). We found that AK131850 was downregulated, while TGF-β1 was upregulated in aortic media specimen of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) patients. In addition, AK131850 and TGF-β1 inversely correlated. Altered expression levels of AK131850 and TGF-β1 distinguished TAA patients from healthy controls. In human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAOSMC), AK131850 overexpression led to downregulated, while AK131850 siRNA silencing led to upregulated TGF-β1. AK131850 overexpression resulted in promoted, while siRNA silencing led to inhibited proliferation of HAOSMC. Therefore, AK131850 is downregulated in thoracic aortic aneurysm and negatively affects the levels of TGF-β1 in aortic smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulei Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shengjie Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Parthenolide reverses the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in breast cancer by targeting TGFbeta1: In vitro and in silico studies. Life Sci 2022; 301:120610. [PMID: 35525305 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Breast cancer metastasis is the leading cause of mortality among breast cancer patients. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that plays a fundamental role in facilitating breast cancer metastasis. The present study assessed the efficacy of parthenolide (PTL Tanacetum parthenium) on EMT and its underlying mechanisms in both lowly metastatic, estrogen-receptor positive, MCF-7 cells and highly metastatic, triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. MAIN METHODS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with PTL (2 μM and 5 μM). Cell viability was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethy lthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by the FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) annexin V apoptosis detection kit. The monolayer wound scratch assay was employed to evaluate cancer cell migration. Proteins were separated and identified by Western blotting. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. KEY FINDINGS PTL treatment significantly reduced cell viability and migration while inducing apoptosis in both cell lines. Also, PTL treatment reverses the EMT process by decreasing the mesenchymal marker vimentin and increasing the epithelial marker E-cadherin compared to the control treatment. Importantly, PTL downregulates TWIST1 (a transcription factor and regulator of EMT) gene expression, concomitant with the reduction of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) protein and gene expression in both cell lines. Additionally, molecular docking studies suggest that PTL may induce anticancer properties by targeting TGFβ1 in both breast cancer cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide insights into the therapeutic potential of PTL to mitigate EMT and breast cancer metastasis. These promising results demand in vivo studies.
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Serum-Based lncRNA ANRIL, TUG1, UCA1, and HIT Expressions in Breast Cancer Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9997212. [PMID: 35132340 PMCID: PMC8817891 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9997212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is the most common and prevalent form of malignancy diagnosed in women. lncRNAs are found to be frequently dysregulated in cancer, and its expression plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. The study included 100 histopathologically confirmed, newly diagnosed untreated patients of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast cancer patients and 100 healthy subjects. After blood collection, the serum was separated and total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized using 100 ng of total RNA, and lncRNA (ANRIL, TUG1, UCA1, and HIT) expression was analyzed. Increased ANRIL (3.83-fold), TUG1 (7.64-fold), UCA1 (7.82-fold), and HIT (3.31-fold) expressions were observed in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Relative expression of lncRNAs UCA-1 (p = 0.010) and HIT-1 (p < 0.0001) was significantly elevated in patients with advanced breast cancer stage compared to those with early-stage disease. While lncRNA TUG-1 expression was found to be higher in patients with early-stage tumors than those with advanced-stage tumors (p = 0.06), lncRNA ANRIL showed increased expression in patients with PR positive status (p = 0.04). However, we found a significant difference in lncRNA HIT expression in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients compared to HER-2 negative breast cancer patients (p = 0.005). An increase in the expression of serum lncRNAs ANRIL (p < 0.0001), UCA-1 (p = 0.004), and HIT (p < 0.0001) was observed in the distant organ metastatic breast cancer patients. In the ROC curve concerning lymph node involvement, the sensitivity and specificity of lncRNA HIT were 68% and 58%, respectively (p value = 0.007). In the ROC curve w.r.t. stages of disease, the sensitivity and specificity of lncRNA HIT were 80% and 50%, respectively (p value < 0.0001). Better sensitivity and specificity were observed for lncRNA HIT (sensitivity 91% and specificity 78%; p value < 0.0001) and ANRIL (sensitivity 70% and specificity 60%; p value < 0.0001) w.r.t distant organ metastases.
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Zhang TT, Chen HP, Yu SY, Zhao SP. LncRNA HOXC-AS3 overexpression inhibits TGF-β2-induced colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion by sponging miR-1269. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221093630. [PMID: 35537198 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221093630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOXC-AS3 has been characterized as a cancer-related lncRNA in many types of cancer, while its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unknown. METHODS The expression of HOXC-AS3 and TGF-β2 were detected by RT-qPCR. Overexpression assays were performed to explore the interaction between HOXC-AS3 and TGF-β2. A follow-up study was performed to explore the prognostic value of HOXC-AS3 for CRC. The direct interaction between HOXC-AS3 and miR-1269 was assessed with RNA-RNA pulldown assay. Transwell assays were performed to determine the role of HOXC-AS3 and TGF-β2 in regulating CRC cell invasion and migration. RESULTS HOXC-AS3 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues, while TGF-β2 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to that in adjacent non-cancer tissues of CRC patients. The follow-up study showed that low expression levels of HOXC-AS3 in CRC tissues were closely correlated with poor survival. Correlation analysis showed that HOXC-AS3 and TGF-β2 were inversely correlated across CRC tissues but not non-cancer tissues. Overexpression of HOXC-AS3 in the two cell lines resulted in downregulation of TGF-β2, while the expression of HOXC-AS3 was not affected by TGF-β2. Transwell migration and invasion assay showed that overexpression of TGF-β2 increased cell invasion and migration, while overexpression of HOXC-AS3 decreased cell migration and invasion. In addition, overexpression of HOXC-AS3 attenuated the effects of overexpression of TGF-β2. MiR-1269 increased the expression of TGF-β2. HOXC-AS3 directly interacted with miR-1269 in CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of HOXC-AS3 inhibited TGF-β2-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) cell migration and invasion possibly by sponging miR-1269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 74725The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hai-Peng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, 70317National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Beijing City, China
| | - Su-Yang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 74725The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Peng Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 74725The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
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Qi Y, Wu H, Liu C, Zheng D, Yan C, Hu W, Zhang X, Dai X. Downstream Neighbor of Son Overexpression is Associated With Breast Cancer Progression and a Poor Prognosis. J Breast Cancer 2022; 25:327-343. [PMID: 35914745 PMCID: PMC9411031 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2022.25.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Qi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haodong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danni Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congzhi Yan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Dai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Saxena M, Hisano M, Neutzner M, Diepenbruck M, Ivanek R, Sharma K, Kalathur RKR, Bürglin TR, Risoli S, Christofori G. The long non-coding RNA ET-20 mediates EMT by impairing desmosomes in breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272428. [PMID: 34633031 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of breast cancer-associated deaths are due to metastatic spread of cancer cells, a process aided by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mounting evidence has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) also contribute to tumor progression. We report the identification of 114 novel lncRNAs that change their expression during TGFβ-induced EMT in murine breast cancer cells (referred to as EMT-associated transcripts; ETs). Of these, the ET-20 gene localizes in antisense orientation within the tenascin C (Tnc) gene locus. TNC is an extracellular matrix protein that is critical for EMT and metastasis formation. Both ET-20 and Tnc are regulated by the EMT master transcription factor Sox4. Notably, ablation of ET-20 lncRNA effectively blocks Tnc expression and with it EMT. Mechanistically, ET-20 interacts with desmosomal proteins, thereby impairing epithelial desmosomes and promoting EMT. A short transcript variant of ET-20 is shown to be upregulated in invasive human breast cancer cell lines, where it also promotes EMT. Targeting ET-20 appears to be a therapeutically attractive lead to restrain EMT and breast cancer metastasis in addition to its potential utility as a biomarker for invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mizue Hisano
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Neutzner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Proteomics Kymera Therapeutics Basel Cambridge, MA 02472, USA
| | - Ravi K R Kalathur
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas R Bürglin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Risoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Rusek M, Krasowska D. Non-Coding RNA in Systemic Sclerosis: A Valuable Tool for Translational and Personalized Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1296. [PMID: 34573278 PMCID: PMC8471866 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic factors are heritable and ultimately play a role in modulating gene expression and, thus, in regulating cell functions. Non-coding RNAs have growing recognition as novel biomarkers and crucial regulators of pathological conditions in humans. Their characteristic feature is being transcribed in a tissue-specific pattern. Now, there is emerging evidence that lncRNAs have been identified to be involved in the differentiation of human skin, wound healing, fibrosis, inflammation, and immunological response. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, vascular abnormalities, and immune system activation. The pathogenesis remains elusive, but clinical manifestations reveal autoimmunity with the presence of specific autoantibodies, activation of innate and adaptive immunity, vascular changes, and active deposition of extracellular matrix components leading to fibrosis. The use of multi-omics studies, including NGS, RNA-seq, or GWAS, has proposed that the non-coding genome may be a significant player in its pathogenesis. Moreover, it may unravel new therapeutic targets in the future. The aim of this review is to show the pathogenic role of long non-coding RNAs in systemic sclerosis. Investigation of these transcripts' functions has the potential to elucidate the molecular pathology of SSc and provide new opportunities for drug-targeted therapy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rusek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Laboratory for Immunology of Skin Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Laboratory for Immunology of Skin Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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13
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Jarroux J, Foretek D, Bertrand C, Gabriel M, Szachnowski U, Saci Z, Guo S, Londoño-Vallejo A, Pinskaya M, Morillon A. HOTAIR lncRNA promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by redistributing LSD1 at regulatory chromatin regions. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50193. [PMID: 33960111 PMCID: PMC8366456 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes the loss of epithelial traits and gain of mesenchymal traits by normal cells during development and by neoplastic cells during cancer metastasis. The long noncoding RNA HOTAIR triggers EMT, in part by serving as a scaffold for PRC2 and thus promoting repressive histone H3K27 methylation. In addition to PRC2, HOTAIR interacts with the LSD1 lysine demethylase, an epigenetic regulator of cell fate during development and differentiation, but little is known about the role of LSD1 in HOTAIR function during EMT. Here, we show that HOTAIR requires its LSD1‐interacting domain, but not its PRC2‐interacting domain, to promote the migration of epithelial cells. This activity is suppressed by LSD1 overexpression. LSD1‐HOTAIR interactions induce partial reprogramming of the epithelial transcriptome altering LSD1 distribution at promoter and enhancer regions. Thus, we uncover an unexpected role of HOTAIR in EMT as an LSD1 decommissioning factor, counteracting its activity in the control of epithelial identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Jarroux
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Dominika Foretek
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Claire Bertrand
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Marc Gabriel
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Ugo Szachnowski
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Zohra Saci
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Shuling Guo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Arturo Londoño-Vallejo
- Telomeres and Cancer, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL Université, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Marina Pinskaya
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Morillon
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
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14
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Chen Y, Zhou X, Huang C, Li L, Qin Y, Tian Z, He J, Liu H. LncRNA PART1 promotes cell proliferation and progression in non-small-cell lung cancer cells via sponging miR-17-5p. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:315-325. [PMID: 33368623 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated in previous studies that lncPART1 is dysregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the function of lncPART1 in NSCLC is unclear. Therefore, this experimental design was based on LncPART1 to explore the pathogenesis of NSCLC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of lncPART1 and miR-17-5p in NSCLC. Cell Counting Kit -8, colony formation, and transwell assays were used to examine the effects of lncPART1 and miR-17-5p on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration invasiveness. Target gene prediction, luciferase reporter assays were used to validate downstream target genes for lncPART1 and miR-17-5p. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of TGFBETAR2. LncPART1 was highly expressed in NSCLC. LncPART1 significantly promoted cell proliferation of NSCLC cells. miR-17-5p was down-expressed in NSCLC. miR-17-5p overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and migration invasion in NSCLC cells. LncPART1 was able to inhibit miR-17-5p expression and upregulate the expression level of TGFBETAR2. The results of in vivo animal models confirmed that lncPART1 promoted NSCLC progression by miR-17-5p/TGFBETAR2 axis. LncPART1 promoted the progression of NSCLC by miR-17-5p/TGFBETAR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzhi Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhuan Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Yang J, Feng E, Ren Y, Qiu S, Zhao L, Li X. Long non-coding (lnc)RNA profiling and the role of a key regulator lnc-PNRC2-1 in the transforming growth factor- β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521996515. [PMID: 33752469 PMCID: PMC7995461 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521996515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify key long non-coding (lnc)RNAs responsible for the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and to investigate possible regulatory mechanisms in EMT. Methods CNE1 cells were divided into transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and control groups. The mRNA and protein expression of EMT markers was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified by RNA sequencing analysis, and DEG functions were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. EMT marker expression was re-evaluated by western blotting after knockdown of a selected lncRNA. Results TGF-β1-induced EMT was characterized by decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin, N-cadherin, and Twist expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Sixty lncRNA genes were clustered in a heatmap, and mRNA expression of 14 dysregulated lncRNAs was consistent with RNA sequencing. Knockdown of lnc-PNRC2-1 increased expression of its antisense gene MYOM3 and reduced expression of EMT markers, resembling treatment with the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor LY2109761. Conclusion Various lncRNAs participated indirectly in the TGF-β1-induced EMT of CNE1 cells. Lnc-PNRC2-1 may be a key regulator of this and is a potential target to alleviate CNE1 cell EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province & Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Enzi Feng
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province & Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanxin Ren
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province & Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shun Qiu
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province & Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liufang Zhao
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province & Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Head and Neck Tumor Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province & Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, Yunnan, China
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16
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Prominent Role of Histone Modifications in the Regulation of Tumor Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052778. [PMID: 33803458 PMCID: PMC7967218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor aggressiveness and progression is highly dependent on the process of metastasis, regulated by the coordinated interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Metastasis involves several steps of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, intra- and extravasation, and new tissue colonization. EMT is considered as the most critical process allowing cancer cells to switch their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. Emerging evidence demonstrates that epigenetics mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs participate in the widespread changes of gene expression that characterize the metastatic phenotype. At the chromatin level, active and repressive histone post-translational modifications (PTM) in association with pleiotropic transcription factors regulate pivotal genes involved in the initiation of the EMT process as well as in intravasation and anoikis resistance, playing a central role in the progression of tumors. Herein, we discuss the main epigenetic mechanisms associated with the different steps of metastatic process, focusing in particular on the prominent role of histone modifications and the modifying enzymes that mediate transcriptional regulation of genes associated with tumor progression. We further discuss the development of novel treatment strategies targeting the reversibility of histone modifications and highlight their importance in the future of cancer therapy.
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17
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Shan NL, Shin Y, Yang G, Furmanski P, Suh N. Breast cancer stem cells: A review of their characteristics and the agents that affect them. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:73-100. [PMID: 33428807 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolving concept that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the driving element in cancer development, evolution and heterogeneity, has overridden the previous model of a tumor consisting of cells all with similar sequentially acquired mutations and a similar potential for renewal, invasion and metastasis. This paradigm shift has focused attention on therapeutically targeting CSCs directly as a means of eradicating the disease. In breast cancers, CSCs can be identified by cell surface markers and are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, resist chemotherapy and radiation, and initiate new tumors upon serial transplantation in xenografted mice. These functional properties of CSCs are regulated by both intracellular and extracellular factors including pluripotency-related transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways and external stimuli. Several classes of natural products and synthesized compounds have been studied to target these regulatory elements and force CSCs to lose stemness and/or terminally differentiate and thereby achieve a therapeutic effect. However, realization of an effective treatment for breast cancers, focused on the biological effects of these agents on breast CSCs, their functions and signaling, has not yet been achieved. In this review, we delineate the intrinsic and extrinsic factors identified to date that control or promote stemness in breast CSCs and provide a comprehensive compilation of potential agents that have been studied to target breast CSCs, transcription factors and stemness-related signaling. Our aim is to stimulate further study of these agents that could become the basis for their use as stand-alone treatments or components of combination therapies effective against breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naing L Shan
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yoosub Shin
- Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Philip Furmanski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Chen DY, Li YJ, Jiang RF, Li YT, Feng J, Hu W. Effects and mechanism of lncRNA-27785.1 that regulates TGF-β1 of Sika deer on antler cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5742-5756. [PMID: 33393107 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) plays an important role in the development of deer antlers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of long noncoding RNA in the transcriptional regulation of TGF-β1 and its relationship with the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes. High-throughput sequencing was used to screen lncRNAs related to TGF-β1. Next, the overexpression plasmid and interference sequence of target lncRNA27785.1 were constructed and transfected into chondrocytes. We found that lncRNA27785.1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes and delayed the transition of cells from G1 to S phase. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that the overexpression of lncRNA27785.1 may downregulate mRNA and protein expression of TGF-BR2, Smad3, pSmad3, and Smad4. Our findings highlight lncRNA27785.1 as an inhibitor of chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation by negatively regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway; this implicates an important regulatory role for long noncoding RNA in the regeneration of antler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ren-Feng Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Lu S, Xiang Y, Zeng C, He T, Ding Y, Wang W. Long Non-coding RNA CASC15 Promotes Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Possibly through Inducing PRDX2/PI3K/AKT Axis. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:184-198. [PMID: 33017884 PMCID: PMC7812017 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most common liver primary tumors but its treatments are limited. Bioinformatics showed that the expression level of long non-coding RNA cancer-associated susceptibility 15 gene (CASC15) is correlated with ICC progression, but its functional mechanism remains unclear. Materials and Methods Tissues from ICC patients, tumor and adjacent tissue, were used for detection of the expression of CASC15. Clinical data were also collected for clinicopathologic and survival analysis. Short interfering RNA and lentiviral short hairpin RNA were used to knock down CASC15 and PRDX2 expression in ICC cell lines, for the analysis of changes of cell function and xenografts. RNA-pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect RNA-binding protein, PRDX2. Male nude mice were used for ICC xenografts, and livers were collected after 4 weeks for immunohistochemistry. Results CASC15 is highly expressed in ICC tissues and is related to higher TNM stage. Knockdown of CASC15 in ICC cells reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and increased apoptosis, and G1/S block. PRDX2 bound to CASC15. Knockdown of CASC15 decreased PRDX2 expression which was rescued by the inhibition of proteasome formation. Downregulation of PRDX2 resulted in G1/S block, reduced ICC cell invasion. Downregulation of CASC15 inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/c-Myc pathway through downregulating of PRDX2 and overexpressed PRDX2 rescued the block. CASC15 knockout in ICC xenografts suppressed tumor development in vivo, decreased the expression of PRDX2 and Ki67 and inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion CASC15 promotes ICC possibly by targeting PRDX2 via the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating poor prognosis and high degree of malignancy of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lufei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sinan Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Qiu J, Zhou S, Cheng W, Luo C. LINC00294 induced by GRP78 promotes cervical cancer development by promoting cell cycle transition. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:262. [PMID: 32989396 PMCID: PMC7517597 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, and it has become a crucial public health problem. In the present study, the expression profiles of cervical cancer and normal cervical tissues were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Subsequently, the dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cervical cancer were identified using R software Differentially expressed lncRNAs in cervical cancer that were associated with glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were screened out and the results demonstrated that eight lncRNAs were strongly positively correlated with GRP78. In order to confirm the relationship between GRP78 and candidate lncRNAs, GRP78 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into HeLa cells. The target lncRNAs that were regulated by GRP78 were then identified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and it was revealed that LINC00294 was significantly downregulated following GRP78-knockdown. Subsequently, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated that LINC00294 was mainly enriched in regulating the cell cycle and the Hedgehog pathway. Following transfection of HeLa and SiHa cells with LINC00294 siRNA, the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Western blotting suggested that LINC00294-knockdown downregulated the expression of cell cycle-associated factors (cyclin D, cyclin E and cyclin Dependent kinase 4) and upregulated cell cycle inhibitory factors (p16 and p21). The Hedgehog pathway was inhibited following knockdown of LINC00294 in HeLa and SiHa cells. In summary, LINC00294 induced by GRP78 promoted the progression of cervical cancer by regulating the cell cycle via Hedgehog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Chengyan Luo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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21
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The roles of long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:749. [PMID: 32929060 PMCID: PMC7490374 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most significant threat to female health. Breast cancer metastasis is the major cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. To fully unravel the molecular mechanisms that underlie the breast cancer cell metastasis is critical for developing strategies to improve survival and prognosis in breast cancer patients. Recent studies have revealed that the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in breast cancer metastasis through a variety of molecule mechanisms, though the precise functional details of these lncRNAs are yet to be clarified. In the present review, we focus on the functions of lncRNAs in breast cancer invasion and metastasis, with particular emphasis on the functional properties, the regulatory factors, the therapeutic promise, as well as the future challenges in studying these lncRNA.
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The TGFB2-AS1 lncRNA Regulates TGF-β Signaling by Modulating Corepressor Activity. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3182-3198.e11. [PMID: 31533040 PMCID: PMC6859500 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular processes involving lncRNAs regulate cell function. By applying transcriptomics, we identify lncRNAs whose expression is regulated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Upon silencing individual lncRNAs, we identify several that regulate TGF-β signaling. Among these lncRNAs, TGFB2-antisense RNA1 (TGFB2-AS1) is induced by TGF-β through Smad and protein kinase pathways and resides in the nucleus. Depleting TGFB2-AS1 enhances TGF-β/Smad-mediated transcription and expression of hallmark TGF-β-target genes. Increased dose of TGFB2-AS1 reduces expression of these genes, attenuates TGF-β-induced cell growth arrest, and alters BMP and Wnt pathway gene profiles. Mechanistically, TGFB2-AS1, mainly via its 3′ terminal region, binds to the EED adaptor of the Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), promoting repressive histone H3K27me3 modifications at TGF-β-target gene promoters. Silencing EED or inhibiting PRC2 methylation activity partially rescues TGFB2-AS1-mediated gene repression. Thus, the TGF-β-induced TGFB2-AS1 lncRNA exerts inhibitory functions on TGF-β/BMP signaling output, supporting auto-regulatory negative feedback that balances TGF-β/BMP-mediated responses. TGF-β signaling transcriptionally regulates lncRNAs that regulate TGF-β signaling TGFB2-AS1 is induced by TGF-β to negatively regulate Smad transcriptional output TGFB2-AS1 associates with EED, the Polycomb repressor complex 2 adaptor TGFB2-AS1 promotes repressive histone modifications at TGF-β-target genes
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Zhang H, Ji N, Gong X, Ni S, Wang Y. NEAT1/miR-140-3p/MAPK1 mediates the viability and survival of coronary endothelial cells and affects coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:967-974. [PMID: 32844995 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play critical roles in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD). However, the function of lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in CAD is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functions of lncRNA NEAT1 in CAD. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were carried out to examine the expressions of related RNAs. Colony formation assay, cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, and dual-luciferase reporter assay were conducted to investigate the abilities of colony migration, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and targeting. The results showed that NEAT1 was up-regulated in CAD blood samples and in human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs). Transfection of pcNEAT1 significantly inhibited the survival rate of HCAECs and induced apoptosis of HCAECs. MiR-140-3p was down-regulated in HCAECs. NEAT1 directly targeted miR-140-3p, and the expression of miR-140-3p was inversely correlated with the expression of NEAT1 in CAD patients. In addition, co-transfection of NEAT1 with miR-140-3p mimic reversed the effect of pcNEAT1 on cell viability and apoptosis. mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was proved to be a target gene of miR-140-3p, and the miR-140-3p mimic was shown to reduce the expression of MAPK1 in HCAECs. pcNEAT1 significantly increased the expression level of MAPK1, while shNEAT1 significantly reduced the expression level of MAPK1. Our results revealed that lncRNA NEAT1 increased cell viability and inhibited CAD cell apoptosis possibly by activating the miR-140-3p/MAPK1 pathway, and lncRNA NEAT1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Ningning Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Xinyan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Shimao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu 322000, China
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Huang R, Zhu L, Zhang Y. XIST lost induces ovarian cancer stem cells to acquire taxol resistance via a KMT2C-dependent way. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:436. [PMID: 32943985 PMCID: PMC7487955 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The expression levels of long non-coding RNA XIST are significantly associated with paclitaxel (Pac) sensitivity in ovarian cancer, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, this experimental design was based on lncRNA XIST analysis to regulate the effect of XIST on the tumor stem cell and paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer. METHODS Sphere assay and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to determine the expression levels of XIST and sensitivity to paclitaxel treatment. The effect of the proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Target gene prediction and screening, luciferase reporter assays were used to validate downstream target genes for lncRNA XIS and KMT2C. The expression of KMT2C was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of cancer stem cell-associated genes SOX2, OCT4 and Nanog. The tumor changes in mice were detected by in vivo experiments in nude mice. RESULTS There was an inverse correlation between the expression of XIST and cancer stem cell (CD44 + /CD24-) population. XIST promoted methylation of histone H3 methylation at lysine 4 by enhancing the stability of lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) mRNA. XIST acted on the stability of KMT2C mRNA by directly targeting miR-93-5p. Overexpression of miR-93-5p can reverse the XIST overexpression-induced KMT2C decrease and sphere number increase. Overexpression of KMT2C inhibited XIST silencing-induced proliferation of cancer stem cells, and KMT2C was able to mediate paclitaxel resistance induced by XIST in ovarian cancer. The study found that XIST can affect the expression of KMT2C in the ovarian cancer via targeting miR-93-5p. CONCLUSION XIST promoted the sensitivity of ovarian cancer stem cells to paclitaxel in a KMT2C-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan, No. 292 Kaixuan South Road, 476100 Shangqiu, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan, No. 292 Kaixuan South Road, 476100 Shangqiu, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan, No. 292 Kaixuan South Road, 476100 Shangqiu, Henan People’s Republic of China
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25
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Gao S, Duan H, An D, Yi X, Li J, Liao C. Knockdown of long non-coding RNA LINC00467 inhibits glioma cell progression via modulation of E2F3 targeted by miR-200a. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2040-2053. [PMID: 32684096 PMCID: PMC7469466 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1792127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that LINC00467 is an important regulator of cancer. However, the function of LINC00467 in glioma cell is unclear. Therefore, this experimental design based on LINC00467 to explore its mechanism of action in glioma cell. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of LINC0046 and miR-200a in glioma cell lines. MTT assay, Edru assay and Transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of LINC0046 and miR-200a on PC cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Target gene prediction and screening, luciferase reporter assays were used to validate downstream target genes for LINC0046 and miR-200a. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of E2F3. The tumor changes in mice were detected by in vivo experiments in nude mice. LINC00467 was up-regulated in glioma cells. Knockdown of LINC00467 inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of glioma cells. In glioma cells, miR-200a was significantly reduced, while E2F3 was significantly rised. LINC00467 negatively regulated the expression of miR-200a in gliomas, while miR-200a negatively regulated the expression of E2F3 in gliomas. INC00467 promoted the development of glioma by inhibiting miR-200a and promoting E2F3 expression. LINC00467 may be a potential therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzi Gao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Haixia Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Dezhu An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Xinfeng Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Changchun Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, PR. China
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26
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Sharma S, Ma L, Rahaman SO. Role of TRPV4 in matrix stiffness-induced expression of EMT-specific LncRNA. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:189-197. [PMID: 32734537 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are long (> 200 bases), non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that have emerged as major regulators of gene expression, cell differentiation, development, and oncogenesis. In view of the fact that matrix stiffness plays a role in cellular functions associated with these processes, it is important to ask what role matrix stiffness plays in regulating expression of LncRNAs. In this report, we show that (i) matrix stiffness causes differential expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related LncRNAs and mRNAs in primary mouse normal epidermal keratinocytes, (ii) differential expression of EMT-related LncRNAs and mRNAs occurs in response to combined stimulation of transforming growth factor β1 and matrix stiffness, and (iii) transient receptor potential (TRP) channel of the vanilloid subfamily, TRPV4, a matrix stiffness-sensitive ion channel, plays a role in differential expression of EMT-related LncRNAs and mRNAs in response to combined stimulation by TGFβ1 and matrix stiffness. These data identify TRPV4 as a candidate plasma membrane mechanosensor that transmits matrix-sensing signals essential to LncRNA expression. Our results also show that we have established and validated an assay system capable of discovering novel LncRNAs and mRNAs sensitive to matrix stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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27
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O'Brien SJ, Bishop C, Hallion J, Fiechter C, Scheurlen K, Paas M, Burton J, Galandiuk S. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:769-781. [PMID: 32730165 PMCID: PMC7515495 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1794239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major process in tumor metastasis development. This systematic review aims to describe the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in EMT in CRC. METHODS The electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE, were searched from January1990 to June 2019 to identify studies examining lncRNA and their role in mediating EMT in CRC. Studies examining clinical specimens and/or in vitro experiments were included. RESULTS In 61 identified studies, 54 lncRNAs were increased in CRC compared to normal colorectal epithelium. Increased lncRNA expression was frequently associated with worse survival. Many lncRNAs mediate their effect through competitive endogenous RNA or transcription factor regulation. The ZEB1, 2/E-cadherin, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and chromatin remodeling pathways are discussed in particular. CONCLUSIONS lncRNAs are major regulators of EMT and predictor adverse outcome in CRC patients. Future research must focus on delineating lncRNA function prior to potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J O'Brien
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Campbell Bishop
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jacob Hallion
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Casey Fiechter
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Katharina Scheurlen
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mason Paas
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - James Burton
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY, USA
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28
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Papoutsoglou P, Moustakas A. Long non-coding RNAs and TGF-β signaling in cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2672-2681. [PMID: 32485023 PMCID: PMC7419046 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is driven by genetic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and by cellular events that develop a misregulated molecular microenvironment in the growing tumor tissue. The tumor microenvironment is guided by the excessive action of specific cytokines including transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), which normally controls embryonic development and the homeostasis of young or adult tissues. As a consequence of the genetic alterations generating a given tumor, TGF‐β can preserve its homeostatic function and attempt to limit neoplastic expansion, whereas, once the tumor has progressed to an aggressive stage, TGF‐β can synergize with various oncogenic stimuli to facilitate tumor invasiveness and metastasis. TGF‐β signaling mechanisms via Smad proteins, various ubiquitin ligases, and protein kinases are relatively well understood. Such mechanisms regulate the expression of genes encoding proteins or non‐coding RNAs. Among non‐coding RNAs, much has been understood regarding the regulation and function of microRNAs, whereas the role of long non‐coding RNAs is still emerging. This article emphasizes TGF‐β signaling mechanisms leading to the regulation of non‐coding genes, the function of such non‐coding RNAs as regulators of TGF‐β signaling, and the contribution of these mechanisms in specific hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Nguyen TM, Alchalabi S, Oluwatoyosi A, Ropri AS, Herschkowitz JI, Rosen JM. New twists on long noncoding RNAs: from mobile elements to motile cancer cells. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1535-1549. [PMID: 32522127 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1760535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight several areas of lncRNA biology and cancer that we hope will provide some new insights for future research. These include the relationship of lncRNAs and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with a focus on transcriptional and alternative splicing mechanisms and mRNA stability through miRNAs. In addition, we highlight the potential role of enhancer e-lncRNAs, the importance of transposable elements in lncRNA biology, and finally the emerging area of using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small molecules to target lncRNAs and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan M Nguyen
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumayya Alchalabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, SUNY , Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Adewunmi Oluwatoyosi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali S Ropri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, SUNY , Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Jason I Herschkowitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, SUNY , Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer: The Molecular Underpinnings and Phenotypic Heterogeneity. J Indian Inst Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Xing Z, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Zhang X, Kong X, Zhang J, Bai H. The lncRNA LINC01194/miR-486-5p Axis Facilitates Malignancy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Regulating CDK4. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3151-3163. [PMID: 32346298 PMCID: PMC7167278 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experimental design was based on lncRNA LINC01194 to explore the pathogenesis of NSCLC. METHODS RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA LINC01194 and miR-486-5p in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8, colony formation, and transwell assays were used to examine the effects of lncRNA LINC01194 and miR-486-5p on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration invasiveness. For target gene prediction and screening, luciferase reporter assays were used to verify downstream target genes for lncRNA LINC01194 and miR-486-5p. The protein expression of CDK4 was detected using Western blotting. The tumor changes in mice were detected by in vivo experiments in nude mice. RESULTS LncRNA LINC01194 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC lines (A549, H1299, H460 cells, H1975), and lncRNA LINC01194 significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. MiR-486-5p was identified as a potential target for LINC01194, and miR-486-5p was expressed at a low level in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC lines (A549, H1299, H460 cells, H1975). CDK4 was identified as a potential target for miR-486-5p. LncRNA LINC01194 was able to inhibit miR-486-5p expression and upregulate the expression level of CDK4. Finally, the results of in vivo animal models confirmed that lncRNA LINC01194 promoted NSCLC progression by modulating the miR-486-5p/CDK4 axis. CONCLUSION LncRNA LINC01194 promoted the progression of NSCLC by modulating the miR-486-5p/CDK4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xing
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province050041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province050041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Gao
- Department of Laboratory, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province050041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province050041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Kong
- Department of Laboratory, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province050041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province050041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhong Bai
- Department of Radiology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province050041, People’s Republic of China
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Ji Y, Feng G, Hou Y, Yu Y, Wang R, Yuan H. Long noncoding RNA MEG3 decreases the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the expression of miR-421 and E-cadherin. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3954-3963. [PMID: 32277605 PMCID: PMC7286453 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternally expressed 3 (MEG3), a long chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA), has verified its function as a suppressor in several kinds of cancers. However, the downstream mechanism of MEG3 in regulating the molecular mechanism of epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression demands further investigation. Methods Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to determine the expression level of MEG3 in HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues of 51 cases. Luciferase report assay was used to detect the correlation between miR‐421 and MEG3, and miR‐421 and E‐cadherin in HNSCC cell lines. Cell invasion and proliferation capacity were assessed through transwell and CCK8 assays. Scratch wound assay was used to assess cell migration capacity. Results Firstly, this study demonstrated that the expression of MEG3 was significantly downregulated in HNSCC compared to adjacent normal tissues. Overexpressed MEG3 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Secondly, MEG3 upregulated the expression of E‐cadherin, which was instead downregulated by miR‐421. MiR‐421 was negatively regulated by MEG3 in HNSCC. Therefore, MEG3 regulated EMT by sponging miR‐421 targeting E‐cadherin in HNSCC. Conclusions This study indicated that the MEG3‐miR‐421‐E‐cadherin axis could be a new therapeutic target for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefeng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanying Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunwen Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Chartoumpekis DV, Kyriazopoulou V, Zaravinos A. EMT Factors and Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 32318352 PMCID: PMC7154126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a biological program during which epithelial cells lose their cell identity and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is normally observed during organismal development, wound healing and tissue fibrosis. However, this process can be hijacked by cancer cells and is often associated with resistance to apoptosis, acquisition of tissue invasiveness, cancer stem cell characteristics, and cancer treatment resistance. It is becoming evident that EMT is a complex, multifactorial spectrum, often involving episodic, transient or partial events. Multiple factors have been causally implicated in EMT including transcription factors (e.g., SNAIL, TWIST, ZEB), epigenetic modifications, microRNAs (e.g., miR-200 family) and more recently, long non-coding RNAs. However, the relevance of metabolic pathways in EMT is only recently being recognized. Importantly, alterations in key metabolic pathways affect cancer development and progression. In this review, we report the roles of key EMT factors and describe their interactions and interconnectedness. We introduce metabolic pathways that are involved in EMT, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and characterize the relationship between EMT factors and cancer metabolism. Finally, we present therapeutic opportunities involving EMT, with particular focus on cancer metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Venetsana Kyriazopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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LncRNA-ATB in cancers: what do we know so far? Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4077-4086. [PMID: 32248383 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-related deaths did not apparently decrease in the past decades despite aggressive treatments. It's reported that cancer will become the leading cause of death worldwide in the twenty-first century. Increasing evidence has revealed that lncRNAs will emerge as promising cancer biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. LncRNA-ATB, a long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-β, was found to be abnormally expressed in certain cancers and participate in the development and progression of tumors. In addition, aberrant lncRNA-ATB expression was also associated with clinical characteristics of tumors. The purpose of this review is to summarize functions and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA-ATB in tumors, and discuss whether lncRNA-ATB can be a biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers.
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35
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Development of a nine-lncRNA signature as a novel prognostic marker of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2979-2988. [PMID: 32218854 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be aberrantly expressed in several types of tumor, and dysregulated lncRNAs are suggested to play a prognostic role in breast cancer (BC). Estrogen receptor (ER) status is a prognostic factor in patients with ER-negative BC, which is associated with poor prognosis. Thus, the present study developed a prognostic lncRNA signature specifically for ER-negative BC, in order to predict the risk of post-surgery relapse and improve patient prognosis. A gene expression profile containing 1,631 lncRNAs was obtained by investigating and integrating publicly available cohorts of BC. Subsequently, a nine-lncRNA signature was developed and validated in two independent cohorts via the Cox regression model. Using the nine-lncRNA signature, patients in the discovery cohort were divided into high- and low-risk groups, with significantly different disease-free survival [DFS; hazard ratio (HR)=2.718, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.115-3.494, P<0.0001]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the area under the curve reached 0.908. Similar results were obtained in the two independent cohorts (HR=1.499, 95% CI=0.950-2.365, P=0.04; HR=1.262, 95% CI=1.056-1.510, P=0.01), respectively. Furthermore, the nine lncRNAs were demonstrated to play important roles in the cell invasion and metastasis of different types of tumor. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified between the high- and low-risk groups were consistently high in the discovery and validation cohorts. Functional analysis indicated that these DEGs, as well as genes co-expressed with the nine lncRNAs, were involved in cancer-associated signaling pathways, all of which provide further evidence for the predictive ability of the nine-lncRNA signature. Overall, the present study developed a novel prognostic biomarker for ER-negative BC.
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Rubio K, Castillo-Negrete R, Barreto G. Non-coding RNAs and nuclear architecture during epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109593. [PMID: 32135188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. On the other hand, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common interstitial lung disease showing a prevalence of 20 new cases per 100,000 persons per year. Despite differences in cellular origin and pathological phenotypes, LC and IPF are lung diseases that share common features, including hyperproliferation of specific cell types in the lung, involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced activity of signaling pathways, such as tissue growth factor (TGFB), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), wingless secreted glycoprotein (WNT) signaling, among others. EMT is a process during which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, and acquire migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal cells. EMT involves numerous morphological hallmarks of hyperproliferative diseases, like cell plasticity, resistance to apoptosis, dedifferentiation and proliferation, thereby playing a central role during organ fibrosis and cancer progression. EMT was considered as an "all-or-none" process. In contrast to these outdated dichotomist interpretations, recent reports suggest that EMT occurs gradually involving different epithelial cell intermediate states with mesenchyme-like characteristics. These cell intermediate states of EMT differ from each other in their cell plasticity, invasiveness and metastatic potential, which in turn are induced by signals from their microenvironment. EMT is regulated by several transcription factors (TFs), which are members of prominent families of master regulators of transcription. In addition, there is increasing evidence for the important contribution of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to EMT. In our review we highlight articles dissecting the function of different ncRNAs subtypes and nuclear architecture in cell intermediate states of EMT, as well as their involvement in LC and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rubio
- Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstraße 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rafael Castillo-Negrete
- Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstraße 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Brain and Lung Epigenetics (BLUE), Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstraße 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), The German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Germany.
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Guan Y, Bhandari A, Xia E, Kong L, Zhang X, Wang O. Downregulating integrin subunit alpha 7 (ITGA7) promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells through regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:116-124. [PMID: 31942970 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the common malignancies of the endocrine system and the number of thyroid cancer cases is increasing constantly. Significant work has focused on the molecular mechanisms of thyroid cancer, but many mechanisms remain undiscovered. In this study, we employed a comprehensive analysis of whole-transcriptome resequencing derived from paired papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and normal thyroid tissues. We performed a massive parallel whole-transcriptome resequencing of matched PTC and normal thyroid tissues in 19 patients and found that integrin subunit alpha 7 (ITGA7) was downregulated in thyroid tumor tissues, but the function of ITGA7 in this cancer is still unclear. We also discovered that ITGA7 gene in thyroid cancer tissues was downregulated compared to paired adjacent non-tumor tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After transfection with small interfering RNA to knock down ITGA7, the abilities of colony formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion were enhanced in PTC cell lines (TPC1 and KTC-1). Meanwhile, ITGA7 knockdown decreased apoptotic cell death in thyroid cells but promoted the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin and decreased E-cadherin expression by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which may induce invasion and migration. In conclusion, these results indicated that ITGA7 is involved in the progress of PTC and might act as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Guan
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Erjie Xia
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lingguo Kong
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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38
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Challa S, Husain K, Kim R, Coppola D, Batra SK, Cheng JQ, Malafa MP. Targeting the IκB Kinase Enhancer and Its Feedback Circuit in Pancreatic Cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:481-489. [PMID: 32004866 PMCID: PMC6994835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease with an overall median 5-year survival rate of 8%. This poor prognosis is because of the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy and lack of effective targeted therapies. IκB kinase enhancer (IKBKE) overexpression was previously implicated in chemoresistance. Because IKBKE is frequently elevated in PDAC and IKBKE inhibitors are currently in clinical trials, we evaluated IKBKE as a therapeutic target in this disease. Depletion of IKBKE was found to significantly reduce PDAC cell survival, growth, cancer stem cell renewal, and cell migration and invasion. Notably, IKBKE inhibitor CYT387 and IKBKE knockdown dramatically activated the MAPK pathway. Phospho-RTK array analyses showed that IKBKE inhibition leads to rapid upregulation of ErbB3 and IGF-1R expression, which results in MAPK-ERK pathway activation-thereby limiting the efficacy of IKBKE inhibitors. Furthermore, IKBKE inhibition leads to stabilization of FOXO3a, which is required for RTK upregulation on IKBKE inhibition. Finally, we demonstrated that the IKBKE inhibitors synergize with the MEK inhibitor trametinib to significantly induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth and liver metastasis in an orthotopic PDAC mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Domenico Coppola
- Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jin Q Cheng
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, Tampa, FL, USA
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Abolghasemi M, Tehrani SS, Yousefi T, Karimian A, Mahmoodpoor A, Ghamari A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M, Kafil HS, Bastami M, Edalati M, Eyvazi S, Naghizadeh M, Targhazeh N, Mihanfar A, Yousefi B, Safa A, Majidinia M, Rameshknia V. Critical roles of long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5059-5071. [PMID: 31951025 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major clinical challenge that affects a wide range of the female population and heavily burdens the health system. In the past few decades, attempts have been made to understand the etiology of breast cancer, possible environmental risk factors, and the genetic predispositions, pathogenesis, and molecular aberrations involved in the process. Studies have shown that breast cancer is a heterogeneous entity; each subtype has its specific set of aberrations in different cell signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. One novel group of molecules that have been shown to be inducted in the regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways is the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). These molecules have important implications in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways by interacting with various genes, affecting the transcription process, and finally, playing roles in posttranslational control of these genes. There is growing evidence that lncRNAs are involved in the process of breast cancer formation by effecting the aforementioned signaling pathways, and that this involvement can have significant diagnostic and prognostic values in clinical contexts. The present review aims to elicit the significance of lncRNAs in the regulation of cell signaling pathways, and the resulting changes in cell survival, proliferation, and invasion, which are the hallmarks of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abolghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadra S Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Anesthesiology Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Ghamari
- Anesthesiology Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein S Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Edalati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Targhazeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Safa
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Rameshknia
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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40
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Zhang T, Hu H, Yan G, Wu T, Liu S, Chen W, Ning Y, Lu Z. Long Non-Coding RNA and Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819843889. [PMID: 30983509 PMCID: PMC6466467 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819843889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, one of the most common diseases among women, is regarded as a
heterogeneous and complicated disease that remains a major public health concern.
Recently, owing to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, long
non-coding RNAs have received extensive attention. Numerous studies reveal that long
non-coding RNAs are playing important roles in tumor development. Although the biological
function and molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs remain enigmatic, recent
researchers have demonstrated that an array of long non-coding RNAs express abnormally in
cancers, including breast cancer. Herein, we summarized the latest literature about long
non-coding RNAs in breast cancer, with a particular focus on the multiple molecular roles
of regulatory long non-coding RNAs that regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis,
and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2 School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Yan
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2 School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Tangwei Wu
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiyi Liu
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,3 Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,3 Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,4 Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Ning
- 2 School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2 School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,3 Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,4 Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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41
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Dev Cell 2020; 49:361-374. [PMID: 31063755 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversed process, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), are fundamental processes in embryonic development and tissue repair but confer malignant properties to carcinoma cells, including invasive behavior, cancer stem cell activity, and greater resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of EMT provides fundamental insights into the etiology of cancer and may, in the long run, lead to new therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms and pathological roles of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, with a focus on recent insights into the complexity and dynamics of this phenomenon in cancer.
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42
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Guo B, Wu S, Zhu X, Zhang L, Deng J, Li F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu R, Lu J, Zhou Y. Micropeptide CIP2A-BP encoded by LINC00665 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102190. [PMID: 31755573 PMCID: PMC6939193 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling pathway plays a key role in breast cancer metastasis. Recent studies suggest that TGF-β regulates tumor progression and invasion not only via transcriptional regulation, but also via translational regulation. Using both bioinformatics and experimental tools, we identified a micropeptide CIP2A-BP encoded by LINC00665, whose translation was downregulated by TGF-β in breast cancer cell lines. Using TNBC cell lines, we showed that TGF-β-activated Smad signaling pathway induced the expression of translation inhibitory protein 4E-BP1, which inhibited eukaryote translation initiation factor elF4E, leading to reduced translation of CIP2A-BP from LINC00665. CIP2A-BP directly binds tumor oncogene CIP2A to replace PP2A's B56γ subunit, thus releasing PP2A activity, which inhibits PI3K/AKT/NFκB pathway, resulting in decreased expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and Snail. Downregulation of CIP2A-BP in TNBC patients was significantly associated with metastasis and poor overall survival. In the MMTV-PyMT model, either introducing CIP2A-BP gene or direct injection of CIP2A-BP micropeptide significantly reduced lung metastases and improved overall survival. In conclusion, we provide evidence that CIP2A-BP is both a prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Guo
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy & OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jieqiong Deng
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Fang Li
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory DiseaseThe First Affiliated HospitalThe School of Public HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of GeneticsMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Xiang J, Guan Y, Bhandari A, Xia E, Wen J, Wang O. LINC00511 influences cellular proliferation through cyclin-dependent kinases in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:450-459. [PMID: 31897240 PMCID: PMC6930424 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Proverbially, the incidence rate of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has increased year by year. Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered having a relationship with tumor genesis tightly recently. Thanks to the previous researches, we found long intergenic noncoding RNA 00511 (LINC00511) is overexpressed and acts as an oncogene in non-small-cell lung cancer and breast cancer. However, the biological role and function of LINC00511 are still unclear in PTC. Methods: We got the expression of LINC00511 in PTC tissues and matched adjacent tissues, as well the cell lines (B-CPAP, KTC-1, and KTC-1) by way of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In vitro, we knocked down the LINC00511 with small interfering RNA in PTC cell lines and demonstrated the function of LINC00511 by Cell Counting Kit-8, cell colony formation, Transwell migration, Transwell invasion, apoptosis assays, and cell cycle assays. Then, we discovered several downstream proteins of LINC00511 using Western blotting. Results: We proved that LINC00511's expression in PTC tissues and cell lines is higher than the control. LINC00511 promoted cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, G1/S transition and reduced apoptosis in vitro experiment. Knocked-down of LINC00511 resulted in the reduction of histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Conclusions: Our results certified the role and function of LINC00511 in PTC, and it could become a novel tumor therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Guan
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Erjie Xia
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jialiang Wen
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Dongre A, Weinberg RA. New insights into the mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and implications for cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:69-84. [PMID: 30459476 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2036] [Impact Index Per Article: 407.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular programme that is known to be crucial for embryogenesis, wound healing and malignant progression. During EMT, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are remodelled, which leads to the detachment of epithelial cells from each other and the underlying basement membrane, and a new transcriptional programme is activated to promote the mesenchymal fate. In the context of neoplasias, EMT confers on cancer cells increased tumour-initiating and metastatic potential and a greater resistance to elimination by several therapeutic regimens. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on the mechanisms and roles of EMT in normal and neoplastic tissues, and the cell-intrinsic signals that sustain expression of this programme. We also highlight how EMT gives rise to a variety of intermediate cell states between the epithelial and the mesenchymal state, which could function as cancer stem cells. In addition, we describe the contributions of the tumour microenvironment in inducing EMT and the effects of EMT on the immunobiology of carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Dongre
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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45
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lncRNAs: function and mechanism in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 31753016 PMCID: PMC6873685 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), heavier financial and social burdens need to be faced. Unfortunately, there is no satisfactory clinical method to target the pathophysiology of cartilage-related diseases. Many gene expressions, signaling pathways, and biomechanical dysregulations were involved in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism was not clearly understood. Recently, lots of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified in the biological processes, including cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. It is clear that lncRNAs were important in regulating gene expression and maintaining chondrocyte phenotypes and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent researches studying lncRNAs’ expression and function in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration and illustrate the potential mechanism of how they act in the pathologic process. With continued efforts, regulating lncRNA expression in the cartilage regeneration may be a promising biological treatment approach.
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46
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Zhang X, Cheng Z, Wang L, Jiao B, Yang H, Wang X. MiR-21-3p Centric Regulatory Network in Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cell Proliferation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11137-11147. [PMID: 31532202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-mediated gene regulation is important for the development of the mammary gland and the lactating process. A previous study has shown that the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) is different in the dry and early lactation period of the dairy cow mammary gland, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the lactation cycle are not fully understood. Here, the function of miR-21-3p on bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) was detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, which showed that miR-21-3p significantly promoted the cell viability and proliferation. Then, the regulating mechanism of miR-21-3p on cell viability and proliferation was elucidated. Dual luciferase assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot results revealed that IGFBP5 was a target gene of miR-21-3p. It was known that lncRNA could act as a competing endogenous RNA to sequester miRNAs and reduce the regulatory effect of miRNA-targeted genes. Based on our previous lncRNA-seq data and bioinformatics analysis, lncRNA NONBTAT017009.2 was potentially associated with miR-21-3p, and its expression was specifically inhibited with the transfection of miR-21-3p mimic into BMECs. Inversely, the overexpression of NONBTAT017009.2 significantly decreased the expression level of miR-21-3p in BMECs, while the expression of IGFBP5, the target gene of miR-21-3p, was significantly upregulated. In addition, the promoter region of miR-21 contained two STAT3 binding sites, and the dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that the overexpression of STAT3 significantly reduced the promoter activity of miR-21, implying that the transcription factor STAT3 may act as an upstream regulator affecting the regulation process of miR-21-3p. The overexpression of STAT3 significantly inhibited the expression of miR-21-3p, while the mRNA expression of IGFBP5 was significantly increased compared with the control group. Besides, there are no STAT3 binding sites in the promoter region of IGFBP5 as we predicted by gene-regulation and JASPAR software. Therefore, it could infer that STAT3 might regulate the expression of IGFBP5 by miR-21-3p. Taken together, these results established a regulatory network of miR-21-3p to illustrate the regulating mechanism on promoting cow mammary epithelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Zixi Cheng
- The Middle School Attached to Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710072 , China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Beilei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
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Razmara E, Bitaraf A, Yousefi H, Nguyen TH, Garshasbi M, Cho WCS, Babashah S. Non-Coding RNAs in Cartilage Development: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4475. [PMID: 31514268 PMCID: PMC6769748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of the skeleton, the long bones are arising from the process of endochondral ossification (EO) in which cartilage is replaced by bone. This complex process is regulated by various factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements. It is recognized that DNA methylation, higher-order chromatin structure, and post-translational modifications of histones regulate the EO. With emerging understanding, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as another mode of EO regulation, which is consist of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). There is expanding experimental evidence to unlock the role of ncRNAs in the differentiation of cartilage cells, as well as the pathogenesis of several skeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. Cutting-edge technologies such as epigenome-wide association studies have been employed to reveal disease-specific patterns regarding ncRNAs. This opens a new avenue of our understanding of skeletal cell biology, and may also identify potential epigenetic-based biomarkers. In this review, we provide an updated overview of recent advances in the role of ncRNAs especially focus on miRNA and lncRNA in the development of bone from cartilage, as well as their roles in skeletal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tina H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran.
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The long noncoding RNA MIR210HG promotes tumor metastasis by acting as a ceRNA of miR-1226-3p to regulate mucin-1c expression in invasive breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5646-5665. [PMID: 31399552 PMCID: PMC6710038 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs have been known to be involved in multiple types of malignancies, including invasive breast cancer (IBC). This study aimed to explore the role of long noncoding RNAs in IBC and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: Using TCGA microarray data analysis, we identified a long noncoding RNA, MIR210HG, highly expressed in IBC. Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for survival analysis. The gain-of-function experiments were performed to assess the function of MIR210HG in IBC invasion and migration in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Bioinformatic analysis as well as luciferase reporter assay, rescue experiments and western blot assay revealed the mode of action of MIR210HG. Results: The aberrantly enhanced MiR210HG expression predicted poor prognosis and lower survival rate. Knockdown of MiR210HG suppressed IBC cell invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. MiR-1226-3p was identified and validated to be the target miRNA of MiR210HG. Furthermore, MiR210HG functions as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) which sponges miR-1226-3p, therefore upregulates the expression of mucin1 (MUC1-C). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that MiR210HG sponges miR-1226-3p to facilitate invasive breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis by regulating mucin-1c and EMT pathway, revealing the oncogenic role of MiR210HG in IBC cells.
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Tumor-Derived Exosomes Mediate the Instability of Cadherins and Promote Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153652. [PMID: 31357383 PMCID: PMC6696460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, VE-cadherin, etc., are important adhesion molecules mediating intercellular junctions. The abnormal expression of cadherins is often associated with tumor development and progression. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the most important step in the metastasis cascade and is accompanied by altered expression of cadherins. Recent studies reveal that as a cargo for intercellular communication, exosomes—one type of extracellular vesicles that can be secreted by tumor cells—are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially in tumor metastasis. Tumor-derived exosomes play a crucial role in mediating the cadherin instability in recipient cells by transferring bioactive molecules (oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), EMT-related proteins, and others), modulating their local and distant microenvironment, and facilitating cancer metastasis. In turn, aberrant expression of cadherins in carcinoma cells can also affect the biogenesis and release of exosomes. Therefore, we summarize the current research on the crosstalk between tumor-derived exosomes and aberrant cadherin signals to reveal the unique role of exosomes in cancer progression.
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Hao Y, Baker D, Ten Dijke P. TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112767. [PMID: 31195692 PMCID: PMC6600375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, migration, and the differentiation of a plethora of different cell types. Consistent with these findings, TGF-β plays a key role in controlling embryogenic development, inflammation, and tissue repair, as well as in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. TGF-β elicits a broad range of context-dependent cellular responses, and consequently, alterations in TGF-β signaling have been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. During the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor by inducing cytostasis and the apoptosis of normal and premalignant cells. However, at later stages, when cancer cells have acquired oncogenic mutations and/or have lost tumor suppressor gene function, cells are resistant to TGF-β-induced growth arrest, and TGF-β functions as a tumor promotor by stimulating tumor cells to undergo the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The latter leads to metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. TGF-β further supports cancer growth and progression by activating tumor angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblasts and enabling the tumor to evade inhibitory immune responses. In this review, we will consider the role of TGF-β signaling in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, EMT and cancer cell metastasis. In particular, we will highlight recent insights into the multistep and dynamically controlled process of TGF-β-induced EMT and the functions of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in this process. Finally, we will discuss how these new mechanistic insights might be exploited to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hao
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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