1
|
Barathi VA, Katz A, Chaudhary S, Li HL, Tal DM, Marcovich A, Do CW, Karlish SJD. A digoxin derivative that potently reduces intraocular pressure: efficacy and mechanism of action in different animal models. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1505-C1519. [PMID: 38557355 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00617.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a blinding disease. Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) is the mainstay of treatment, but current drugs show side effects or become progressively ineffective, highlighting the need for novel compounds. We have synthesized a family of perhydro-1,4-oxazepine derivatives of digoxin, the selective inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase. The cyclobutyl derivative (DcB) displays strong selectivity for the human α2 isoform and potently reduces IOP in rabbits. These observations appeared consistent with a hypothesis that in ciliary epithelium DcB inhibits the α2 isoform of Na,K-ATPase, which is expressed strongly in nonpigmented cells, reducing aqueous humor (AH) inflow. This paper extends assessment of efficacy and mechanism of action of DcB using an ocular hypertensive nonhuman primate model (OHT-NHP) (Macaca fascicularis). In OHT-NHP, DcB potently lowers IOP, in both acute (24 h) and extended (7-10 days) settings, accompanied by increased aqueous humor flow rate (AFR). By contrast, ocular normotensive animals (ONT-NHP) are poorly responsive to DcB, if at all. The mechanism of action of DcB has been analyzed using isolated porcine ciliary epithelium and perfused enucleated eyes to study AH inflow and AH outflow facility, respectively. 1) DcB significantly stimulates AH inflow although prior addition of 8-Br-cAMP, which raises AH inflow, precludes additional effects of DcB. 2) DcB significantly increases AH outflow facility via the trabecular meshwork (TM). Taken together, the data indicate that the original hypothesis on the mechanism of action must be revised. In the OHT-NHP, and presumably other species, DcB lowers IOP by increasing AH outflow facility rather than by decreasing AH inflow.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When applied topically, a cyclobutyl derivative of digoxin (DcB) potently reduces intraocular pressure in an ocular hypertensive nonhuman primate model (Macaca fascicularis), associated with increased aqueous humor (AH) flow rate (AFR). The mechanism of action of DcB involves increased AH outflow facility as detected in enucleated perfused porcine eyes and, in parallel, increased (AH) inflow as detected in isolated porcine ciliary epithelium. DcB might have potential as a drug for the treatment of open-angle human glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veluchamy Amutha Barathi
- Translational Pre-Clinical Model Platform, Singapore Institute of Eye Research (SERI)
- ACP in Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adriana Katz
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shashikant Chaudhary
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hoi-Lam Li
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel M Tal
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arie Marcovich
- Opthalmology Department, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chi-Wai Do
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven J D Karlish
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parker KS, El N, Buldo EC, MacCormack TJ. Mechanisms of PVP-functionalized silver nanoparticle toxicity in fish: Intravascular exposure disrupts cardiac pacemaker function and inhibits Na +/K +-ATPase activity in heart, but not gill. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109837. [PMID: 38218567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized silver nanoparticles (nAgPVP) are popular in consumer products for their colloidal stability and antimicrobial activity. Whole lake additions of nAgPVP cause long term, ecosystem-scale changes in fish populations but the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. We have previously shown that in fish, nAgPVP impairs cardiac contractility and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in vitro, raising the possibility that heart dysfunction could underlie population-level exposure effects. The goal of this study was to determine if nAgPVP influences the control of heart rate (fh), blood pressure, or cardiac NKA activity in vivo. First, a dose-response curve for the effects of 5 nm nAgPVP on contractility was completed on isometrically contracting ventricular muscle preparations from Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and showed that force production was lowest at 500 μg L-1 and maximum pacing frequency increased with nAgPVP concentration. Stroke volume, cardiac output, and power output were maintained in isolated working heart preparations from brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) exposed to 700 μg L-1 nAgPVP. Both fh and blood pressure were elevated after 24 h in brook char injected with 700 μg kg body mass-1 nAgPVP and fh was insensitive to modulation with blockers of β-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Na+/K+-ATPase activity was significantly lower in heart, but not gill of nAgPVP injected fish. The results indicate that nAgPVP influences cardiac function in vivo by disrupting regulation of the pacemaker and cardiomyocyte ionoregulation. Impaired fh regulation may prevent fish from appropriately responding to environmental or social stressors and affect their ability to survive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - N El
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - E C Buldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - T J MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Struckman HL, Moise N, King DR, Soltisz A, Buxton A, Dunlap I, Chen Z, Radwański PB, Weinberg SH, Veeraraghavan R. Unraveling Impacts of Chamber-Specific Differences in Intercalated Disc Ultrastructure and Molecular Organization on Cardiac Conduction. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:2425-2443. [PMID: 37498248 PMCID: PMC11102000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propagation of action potentials through the heart coordinates the heartbeat. Thus, intercalated discs, specialized cell-cell contact sites that provide electrical and mechanical coupling between cardiomyocytes, are an important target for study. Impaired propagation leads to arrhythmias in many pathologies, where intercalated disc remodeling is a common finding, hence the importance and urgency of understanding propagation dependence on intercalated disc structure. Conventional modeling approaches cannot predict changes in propagation elicited by perturbations that alter intercalated disc ultrastructure or molecular organization, because of lack of quantitative structural data at subcellular through nano scales. OBJECTIVES This study sought to quantify intercalated disc structure at these spatial scales in the healthy adult mouse heart and relate them to chamber-specific properties of propagation as a precursor to understanding the effects of pathological intercalated disc remodeling. METHODS Using super-resolution light microscopy, electron microscopy, and computational image analysis, we provide here the first ever systematic, multiscale quantification of intercalated disc ultrastructure and molecular organization. RESULTS By incorporating these data into a rule-based model of cardiac tissue with realistic intercalated disc structure, and comparing model predictions of electrical propagation with experimental measures of conduction velocity, we reveal that atrial intercalated discs can support faster conduction than their ventricular counterparts, which is normally masked by interchamber differences in myocyte geometry. Further, we identify key ultrastructural and molecular organization features underpinning the ability of atrial intercalated discs to support faster conduction. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the first stepping stone to elucidating chamber-specific effects of pathological intercalated disc remodeling, as occurs in many arrhythmic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Struckman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicolae Moise
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Ryan King
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Soltisz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Buxton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Izabella Dunlap
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhenhui Chen
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Przemysław B Radwański
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Seth H Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rengasayee Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Schiralli-Lester GM, Norman R, Dean DA. Upregulation of alveolar fluid clearance is not sufficient for Na +,K +-ATPase β subunit-mediated gene therapy of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6792. [PMID: 37100889 PMCID: PMC10130817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage and significant edema accumulation, which is associated with impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, leading to acute respiratory failure. Our previous data showed that electroporation-mediated gene delivery of the Na+, K+-ATPase β1 subunit not only increased AFC, but also restored alveolar barrier function through upregulation of tight junction proteins, leading to treatment of LPS-induced ALI in mice. More importantly, our recent publication showed that gene delivery of MRCKα, the downstream effector of β1 subunit-mediated signaling towards upregulation of adhesive junctions and epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity, also provided therapeutic potential for ARDS treatment in vivo but without necessarily accelerating AFC, indicating that for ARDS treatment, improving alveolar capillary barrier function may be of more benefit than improving fluid clearance. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutical potential of β2 and β3 subunits, the other two β isoforms of Na+, K+-ATPase, for LPS-induced ALI. We found that gene transfer of either the β1, β2, or β3 subunits significantly increased AFC compared to the basal level in naïve animals and each gave similar increased AFC to each other. However, unlike that of the β1 subunit, gene transfer of the β2 or β3 subunit into pre-injured animal lungs failed to show the beneficial effects of attenuated histological damage, neutrophil infiltration, overall lung edema, or increased lung permeability, indicating that β2 or β3 gene delivery could not treat LPS induced lung injury. Further, while β1 gene transfer increased levels of key tight junction proteins in the lungs of injured mice, that of either the β2 or β3 subunit had no effect on levels of tight junction proteins. Taken together, this strongly suggests that restoration of alveolar-capillary barrier function alone may be of equal or even more benefit than improving AFC for ALI/ARDS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Gillian M Schiralli-Lester
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Rosemary Norman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David A Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Struckman HL, Moise N, King DR, Soltisz A, Buxton A, Dunlap I, Chen Z, Radwański PB, Weinberg SH, Veeraraghavan R. Unraveling Chamber-specific Differences in Intercalated Disc Ultrastructure and Molecular Organization and Their Impact on Cardiac Conduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528369. [PMID: 36824727 PMCID: PMC9949041 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
During each heartbeat, the propagation of action potentials through the heart coordinates the contraction of billions of individual cardiomyocytes and is thus, a critical life process. Unsurprisingly, intercalated discs, which are cell-cell contact sites specialized to provide electrical and mechanical coupling between adjacent cardiomyocytes, have been the focus of much investigation. Slowed or disrupted propagation leads to potentially life-threatening arrhythmias in a wide range of pathologies, where intercalated disc remodeling is a common finding. Hence, the importance and urgency of understanding intercalated disc structure and its influence on action potential propagation. Surprisingly, however, conventional modeling approaches cannot predict changes in propagation elicited by perturbations that alter intercalated disc ultrastructure or molecular organization, owing to lack of quantitative structural data at subcellular through nano scales. In order to address this critical gap in knowledge, we sought to quantify intercalated disc structure at these finer spatial scales in the healthy adult mouse heart and relate them to function in a chamber-specific manner as a precursor to understanding the impacts of pathological intercalated disc remodeling. Using super-resolution light microscopy, electron microscopy, and computational image analysis, we provide here the first ever systematic, multiscale quantification of intercalated disc ultrastructure and molecular organization. By incorporating these data into a rule-based model of cardiac tissue with realistic intercalated disc structure, and comparing model predictions of electrical propagation with experimental measures of conduction velocity, we reveal that atrial intercalated discs can support faster conduction than their ventricular counterparts, which is normally masked by inter-chamber differences in myocyte geometry. Further, we identify key ultrastructural and molecular organization features underpinning the ability of atrial intercalated discs to support faster conduction. These data provide the first stepping stone to elucidating chamber-specific impacts of pathological intercalated disc remodeling, as occurs in many arrhythmic diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sirirungruang S, Barnum CR, Tang SN, Shih PM. Plant glycosyltransferases for expanding bioactive glycoside diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2023. [PMID: 36853278 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a successful strategy to alter the pharmacological properties of small molecules, and it has emerged as a unique approach to expand the chemical space of natural products that can be explored in drug discovery. Traditionally, most glycosylation events have been carried out chemically, often requiring many protection and deprotection steps to achieve a target molecule. Enzymatic glycosylation by glycosyltransferases could provide an alternative strategy for producing new glycosides. In particular, the glycosyltransferase family has greatly expanded in plants, representing a rich enzymatic resource to mine and expand the diversity of glycosides with novel bioactive properties. This article highlights previous and prospective uses for plant glycosyltransferases in generating bioactive glycosides and altering their pharmacological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasilada Sirirungruang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Collin R Barnum
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sophia N Tang
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Homareda H, Suga K, Yamamoto-Hijikata S, Eishi Y, Ushimaru M, Hara Y. β subunit affects Na+ and K+ affinities of Na+/K+-ATPase: Na+ and K+ affinities of a hybrid Na+/K+-ATPase composed of insect α and mammalian β subunits. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101347. [PMID: 36131851 PMCID: PMC9483571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The affinity for K+ of silkworm Na+/K+-ATPase, which is composed of α and β subunits, is remarkably lower than that of mammalian Na+/K+-ATPase, with a slightly higher affinity for Na+. Because the α subunit had more than 70% identity to the mammalian α subunit in the amino acid sequence, whereas the β subunit, a glycosylated protein, had less than 30% identity to the mammalian β subunit, it was suggested that the β subunit was involved in the affinities for Na+ and K+ of Na+/K+-ATPase. To confirm this hypothesis, we examined whether replacing the silkworm β subunit with the mammalian β subunit affected the affinities for Na+ and K+ of Na+/K+-ATPase. Cloned silkworm α and cloned rat β1 were co-expressed in BM-N cells, a cultured silkworm ovary-derived cell lacking endogenous Na+/K+-ATPase, to construct a hybrid Na+/K+-ATPase, in which the silkworm β subunit was replaced with the rat β1 subunit. The hybrid Na+/K+-ATPase increased the affinity for K+ by 4.1-fold and for Na+ by 0.65-fold compared to the wild-type one. Deglycosylation of the silkworm β subunit did not affect the K+ affinity. These results support the involvement of the β subunit in the Na+ and K+ affinities of Na+/K+-ATPase. Silkworm Na+/K+-ATPase has much lower affinity for K+ than mammalian Na+/K+-ATPase with a slightly higher affinity for Na+. Silkworm Na+/K+-ATPase β subunit has less than 30% identity to the mammalian β subunit in the amino acid sequence. Replacement of the silkworm β with the rat β increased K+ affinity and decreased Na+ affinity of Na+/K+-ATPase. β subunit is involved in Na+ and K+ affinities of Na+/K+-ATPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Homareda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kei Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamamoto-Hijikata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Makoto Ushimaru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yukichi Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehrabian M, Wang X, Eid S, Yan BQ, Grinberg M, Siegner M, Sackmann C, Sulman M, Zhao W, Williams D, Schmitt-Ulms G. Cardiac glycoside-mediated turnover of Na, K-ATPases as a rational approach to reducing cell surface levels of the cellular prion protein. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270915. [PMID: 35776750 PMCID: PMC9249225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely anticipated that a reduction of brain levels of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) can prolong survival in a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as prion diseases. To date, efforts to decrease steady-state PrPC levels by targeting this protein directly with small molecule drug-like compounds have largely been unsuccessful. Recently, we reported Na,K-ATPases to reside in immediate proximity to PrPC in the brain, unlocking an opportunity for an indirect PrPC targeting approach that capitalizes on the availability of potent cardiac glycosides (CGs). Here, we report that exposure of human co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes to non-toxic nanomolar levels of CGs causes profound reductions in PrPC levels. The mechanism of action underpinning this outcome relies primarily on a subset of CGs engaging the ATP1A1 isoform, one of three α subunits of Na,K-ATPases expressed in brain cells. Upon CG docking to ATP1A1, the ligand receptor complex, and PrPC along with it, is internalized by the cell. Subsequently, PrPC is channeled to the lysosomal compartment where it is digested in a manner that can be rescued by silencing the cysteine protease cathepsin B. These data signify that the repurposing of CGs may be beneficial for the treatment of prion disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Mehrabian
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shehab Eid
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bei Qi Yan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murdock Siegner
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Sackmann
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Sulman
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenda Zhao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fedosova NU, Habeck M, Nissen P. Structure and Function of Na,K-ATPase-The Sodium-Potassium Pump. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2659-2679. [PMID: 34964112 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Na,K-ATPase is an ubiquitous enzyme actively transporting Na-ions out of the cell in exchange for K-ions, thereby maintaining their concentration gradients across the cell membrane. Since its discovery more than six decades ago the Na-pump has been studied extensively and its vital physiological role in essentially every cell has been established. This article aims at providing an overview of well-established biochemical properties with a focus on Na,K-ATPase isoforms, its transport mechanism and principle conformations, inhibitors, and insights gained from crystal structures. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-21, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Habeck
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the second most abundant intracellular and fourth extracellular cation found in the body and is involved in a wide range of functions in the human cell and human physiology. Its role in most of the enzyme processes (ATP-ases)-stabilisation of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), regulation of calcium and potassium ion channels, proliferation, glucose metabolism and apoptosis-make it one of the most important cations in the cell. Three pathogenetic mechanisms are mainly implicated in the development of hypomagnesaemia: reduced food intake, decreased intestinal absorption and increased renal excretion of Mg2+. This review presents the function of Mg2+, how it is handled in the kidney and the drugs that cause hypomagnesaemia. The frequency and the number of drugs like diuretics and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) that are used daily in medical practice are discussed in order to prevent and treat adverse effects by providing an insight into Mg2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Periklis Katopodis
- Department of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Department of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bazard P, Frisina RD, Acosta AA, Dasgupta S, Bauer MA, Zhu X, Ding B. Roles of Key Ion Channels and Transport Proteins in Age-Related Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6158. [PMID: 34200434 PMCID: PMC8201059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory system is a fascinating sensory organ that overall, converts sound signals to electrical signals of the nervous system. Initially, sound energy is converted to mechanical energy via amplification processes in the middle ear, followed by transduction of mechanical movements of the oval window into electrochemical signals in the cochlear hair cells, and finally, neural signals travel to the central auditory system, via the auditory division of the 8th cranial nerve. The majority of people above 60 years have some form of age-related hearing loss, also known as presbycusis. However, the biological mechanisms of presbycusis are complex and not yet fully delineated. In the present article, we highlight ion channels and transport proteins, which are integral for the proper functioning of the auditory system, facilitating the diffusion of various ions across auditory structures for signal transduction and processing. Like most other physiological systems, hearing abilities decline with age, hence, it is imperative to fully understand inner ear aging changes, so ion channel functions should be further investigated in the aging cochlea. In this review article, we discuss key various ion channels in the auditory system and how their functions change with age. Understanding the roles of ion channels in auditory processing could enhance the development of potential biotherapies for age-related hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Bazard
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (A.A.A.); (S.D.); (M.A.B.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert D. Frisina
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (A.A.A.); (S.D.); (M.A.B.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Behavioral & Communication Sciences, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Alejandro A. Acosta
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (A.A.A.); (S.D.); (M.A.B.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sneha Dasgupta
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (A.A.A.); (S.D.); (M.A.B.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark A. Bauer
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (A.A.A.); (S.D.); (M.A.B.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (A.A.A.); (S.D.); (M.A.B.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (A.A.A.); (S.D.); (M.A.B.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The sodium pump (Na+, K+-ATPase, NKA) is vital for animal cells, as it actively maintains Na+ and K+ electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. It is a target of cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) such as ouabain and digoxin. As CTSs are almost unique strong inhibitors specific to NKA, a wide range of derivatives has been developed for potential therapeutic use. Several crystal structures have been published for NKA-CTS complexes, but they fail to explain the largely different inhibitory properties of the various CTSs. For instance, although CTSs are thought to inhibit ATPase activity by binding to NKA in the E2P state, we do not know if large conformational changes accompany binding, as no crystal structure is available for the E2P state free of CTS. Here, we describe crystal structures of the BeF3 - complex of NKA representing the E2P ground state and then eight crystal structures of seven CTSs, including rostafuroxin and istaroxime, two new members under clinical trials, in complex with NKA in the E2P state. The conformations of NKA are virtually identical in all complexes with and without CTSs, showing that CTSs bind to a preformed cavity in NKA. By comparing the inhibitory potency of the CTSs measured under four different conditions, we elucidate how different structural features of the CTSs result in different inhibitory properties. The crystal structures also explain K+-antagonism and suggest a route to isoform specific CTSs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Petrushanko IY, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA. Molecular Mechanisms of the Redox Regulation of the Na,K-ATPase. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
14
|
Huang W, Wen C, Zhou Z, Fu Z, Katz A, Plotnikov A, Karlish SJD, Jiang R. An Efficient One‐Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Cardiac Glycosides with Varied Sugar Chain Lengths. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen‐Ru Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Hao Fu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Adriana Katz
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | | | - Ren‐Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Differential expression patterns of sodium potassium ATPase alpha and beta subunit isoforms in mouse brain during postnatal development. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:163-174. [PMID: 31009649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sodium potassium ATPase (Na+/K+ ATPase) is essential for the maintenance of a low intracellular Na+ and a high intracellular K+ concentration. Loss of function of the Na+/K+ ATPase due to mutations in Na+/K+ ATPase genes, anoxic conditions, depletion of ATP or inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase function using cardiac glycosides such as digitalis, causes a depolarization of the resting membrane potential. While in non-excitable cells, the uptake of glucose and amino acids is decreased if the function of the Na+/K+ ATPase is compromised, in excitable cells the symptoms range from local hyper-excitability to inactivating depolarization. Although several studies have demonstrated the differential expression of the various Na+/K+ ATPase alpha and beta isoforms in the brain tissue of rodents, their expression profile during development has yet to be thoroughly investigated. An immunohistochemical analysis of postnatal day 19 mouse brain showed ubiquitous expression of Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms α1, β1 and β2 in both neurons and glial cells, whereas α2 was expressed mostly in glial cells and the α3 and β3 isoforms were expressed in neurons. Furthermore, we examined potential changes in the relative expression of the different Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms in different brain areas of postnatal day 6 and in adult 9 months old animals using immunoblot analysis. Our results show a significant up-regulation of the α1 isoform in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, whereas, the α2 isoform was significantly up-regulated in midbrain. The β3 isoform showed a significant up-regulation in all brain areas investigated. The up-regulation of the α3 isoform matched that of the β2 isoform which were both significantly up-regulated in cortex, hippocampus and midbrain, suggesting that the increased maturation of the neuronal network is accompanied by an increase in expression of α3/β2 complexes in these brain structures.
Collapse
|
16
|
Poluektov YM, Petrushanko IY, Undrovinas NA, Lakunina VA, Khapchaev AY, Kapelko VI, Abramov AA, Lakomkin VL, Novikov MS, Shirinsky VP, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA. Glutathione-related substances maintain cardiomyocyte contractile function in hypoxic conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4872. [PMID: 30890744 PMCID: PMC6425009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe hypoxia leads to decline in cardiac contractility and induces arrhythmic events in part due to oxidative damage to cardiomyocyte proteins including ion transporters. This results in compromised handling of Ca2+ ions that trigger heart contractile machinery. Here, we demonstrate that thiol-containing compounds such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione ethyl ester (et-GSH), oxidized tetraethylglutathione (tet-GSSG), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are capable of reducing negative effects of hypoxia on isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Preincubation of cardiomyocytes with 0.1 mM GSNO, 0.5 mM et-GSH, GSSG, tet-GSSG or with 10 mM NAC allows cells 5-times longer tolerate the hypoxic conditions and elicit regular Ca2+ transients in response to electric pacing. The shape of Ca2+ transients generated in the presence of GSNO, et-GSH and NAC was similar to that observed in normoxic control cardiomyocytes. The leader compound, GSNO, accelerated by 34% the recovery of normal contractile function of isolated rat heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. GSNO increased glutathionylation of Na,K-ATPase alpha-2 subunit, the principal ion-transporter of cardiac myocyte sarcolemma, which prevents irreversible oxidation of Na,K-ATPase and regulates its function to support normal Ca2+ ion handling in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Altogether, GSNO appears effective cardioprotector in hypoxic conditions worth further studies toward its cardiovascular application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M Poluektov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Trubetskaya St. 8/2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nidas A Undrovinas
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Valentina A Lakunina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Asker Y Khapchaev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Valery I Kapelko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander A Abramov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Lakomkin
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq. 1, Volgograd, 400131, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Shirinsky
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St. 15a, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Noël F, Azalim P, do Monte FM, Quintas LEM, Katz A, Karlish SJ. Revisiting the binding kinetics and inhibitory potency of cardiac glycosides on Na+,K+-ATPase (α1β1): Methodological considerations. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 94:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Yang CW, Chang HY, Lee YZ, Hsu HY, Lee SJ. The cardenolide ouabain suppresses coronaviral replication via augmenting a Na +/K +-ATPase-dependent PI3K_PDK1 axis signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 356:90-97. [PMID: 30053394 PMCID: PMC7103114 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardenolides are plant-derived toxic substances. Their cytotoxicity and the underlying mechanistic signaling axes have been extensively documented, but only a few anti-viral activities of cardenolides and the associated signaling pathways have been reported. Previously, we reported that a variety of cardenolides impart anti-transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) activity in swine testicular (ST) cells, through targeting of the cell membrane sodium/potassium pump, Na+/K+-ATPase. Herein, we further explore the potential signaling cascades associated with this anti-TGEV activity in ST cells. Ouabain, a representative cardenolide, was found to potently diminish TGEV titers and inhibit the TGEV-induced production of IL-6 in a dose dependent manner, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 37 nM and 23 nM respectively. By pharmacological inhibition and gene silencing, we demonstrated that PI3K_PDK1_RSK2 signaling was induced in TGEV-infected ST cells, and ouabain imparted a degree of anti-TGEV activity via further augmentation of this existing PI3K_PDK1 axis signaling, in a manner dependent upon its association with the Na+/K+-ATPase. Finally, inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 or PDK1 by BX795 antagonized the anti-viral activity of ouabain and restored the TGEV virus titer and yields. This finding is the first report of a PI3K_PDK1 signaling axis further induced by ouabain and implicated in the suppression of TGEV activity and replication; greatly illuminates the underlying mechanism of cardenolide toxicity; and is expected to result in one or more anti-viral applications for the cardenolides in the future. Ouabain eliminated TGEV titers and inhibited viral replication. Ouabain diminished TGEV induced IL-6 production. Ouabain enhanced PI3K or PDK1 activation induced by TGEV via Na+/K+-ATPase. PI3K or PDK1 inhibition antagonized the anti-TGEV activity of ouabain. Ouabain augmented the PI3K_PDK1 axis signaling that inhibited TGEV activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yue-Zhi Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiow-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Howie J, Wypijewski KJ, Plain F, Tulloch LB, Fraser NJ, Fuller W. Greasing the wheels or a spanner in the works? Regulation of the cardiac sodium pump by palmitoylation. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:175-191. [PMID: 29424237 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1432560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous sodium/potassium ATPase (Na pump) is the most abundant primary active transporter at the cell surface of multiple cell types, including ventricular myocytes in the heart. The activity of the Na pump establishes transmembrane ion gradients that control numerous events at the cell surface, positioning it as a key regulator of the contractile and metabolic state of the myocardium. Defects in Na pump activity and regulation elevate intracellular Na in cardiac muscle, playing a causal role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias and heart failure. Palmitoylation is the reversible conjugation of the fatty acid palmitate to specific protein cysteine residues; all subunits of the cardiac Na pump are palmitoylated. Palmitoylation of the pump's accessory subunit phospholemman (PLM) by the cell surface palmitoyl acyl transferase DHHC5 leads to pump inhibition, possibly by altering the relationship between the pump catalytic α subunit and specifically bound membrane lipids. In this review, we discuss the functional impact of PLM palmitoylation on the cardiac Na pump and the molecular basis of recognition of PLM by its palmitoylating enzyme DHHC5, as well as effects of palmitoylation on Na pump cell surface abundance in the cardiac muscle. We also highlight the numerous unanswered questions regarding the cellular control of this fundamentally important regulatory process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Howie
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | | | - Fiona Plain
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Lindsay B Tulloch
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Niall J Fraser
- b Molecular and Clinical Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - William Fuller
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Blaustein MP. How does pressure overload cause cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction? High-ouabain affinity cardiac Na + pumps are crucial. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H919-H930. [PMID: 28733446 PMCID: PMC5792198 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00131.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy is frequently observed in hypertensive patients and is believed to be due to the pressure overload and cardiomyocyte stretch. Three recent reports on mice with genetically engineered Na+ pumps, however, have demonstrated that cardiac ouabain-sensitive α2-Na+ pumps play a key role in the pathogenesis of transaortic constriction-induced hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was delayed/attenuated in mice with mutant, ouabain-resistant α2-Na+ pumps and in mice with cardiac-selective knockout or transgenic overexpression of α2-Na+ pumps. The latter, seemingly paradoxical, findings can be explained by comparing the numbers of available (ouabain-free) high-affinity (α2) ouabain-binding sites in wild-type, knockout, and transgenic hearts. Conversely, hypertrophy was accelerated in α2-ouabain-resistant (R) mice in which the normally ouabain-resistant α1-Na+ pumps were mutated to an ouabain-sensitive (S) form (α1S/Sα2R/R or "SWAP" vs. wild-type or α1R/R α2S/S mice). Furthermore, transaortic constriction-induced hypertrophy in SWAP mice was prevented/reversed by immunoneutralizing circulating endogenous ouabain (EO). These findings show that EO and its receptor, ouabain-sensitive α2, are critical factors in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This complements reports linking elevated plasma EO to hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and failure in humans and elucidates the underappreciated role of the EO-Na+ pump pathway in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P. Blaustein
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stoica A, Larsen BR, Assentoft M, Holm R, Holt LM, Vilhardt F, Vilsen B, Lykke-Hartmann K, Olsen ML, MacAulay N. The α2β2 isoform combination dominates the astrocytic Na + /K + -ATPase activity and is rendered nonfunctional by the α2.G301R familial hemiplegic migraine type 2-associated mutation. Glia 2017; 65:1777-1793. [PMID: 28787093 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic activity results in transient elevations in extracellular K+ , clearance of which is critical for sustained function of the nervous system. The K+ clearance is, in part, accomplished by the neighboring astrocytes by mechanisms involving the Na+ /K+ -ATPase. The Na+ /K+ -ATPase consists of an α and a β subunit, each with several isoforms present in the central nervous system, of which the α2β2 and α2β1 isoform combinations are kinetically geared for astrocytic K+ clearance. While transcript analysis data designate α2β2 as predominantly astrocytic, the relative quantitative protein distribution and isoform pairing remain unknown. As cultured astrocytes altered their isoform expression in vitro, we isolated a pure astrocytic fraction from rat brain by a novel immunomagnetic separation approach in order to determine the expression levels of α and β isoforms by immunoblotting. In order to compare the abundance of isoforms in astrocytic samples, semi-quantification was carried out with polyhistidine-tagged Na+ /K+ -ATPase subunit isoforms expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes as standards to obtain an efficiency factor for each antibody. Proximity ligation assay illustrated that α2 paired efficiently with both β1 and β2 and the semi-quantification of the astrocytic fraction indicated that the astrocytic Na+ /K+ -ATPase is dominated by α2, paired with β1 or β2 (in a 1:9 ratio). We demonstrate that while the familial hemiplegic migraine-associated α2.G301R mutant was not functionally expressed at the plasma membrane in a heterologous expression system, α2+/G301R mice displayed normal protein levels of α2 and glutamate transporters and that the one functional allele suffices to manage the general K+ dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Stoica
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Roland Larsen
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Assentoft
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leanne Melissa Holt
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Vilsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michelle Lynne Olsen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abu-Amer N, Priel E, Karlish S, Farfel Z, Mayan H. Hypermagnesuria in Humans Following Acute Intravenous Administration of Digoxin. Nephron Clin Pract 2017; 138:113-118. [DOI: 10.1159/000481468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
23
|
Homareda H, Otsu M, Yamamoto S, Ushimaru M, Ito S, Fukutomi T, Jo T, Eishi Y, Hara Y. A possible mechanism for low affinity of silkworm Na +/K +-ATPase for K . J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:463-472. [PMID: 29047027 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The affinity for K+ of silkworm nerve Na+/K+-ATPase is markedly lower than that of mammalian Na+/K+-ATPase (Homareda 2010). In order to obtain clues on the molecular basis of the difference in K+ affinities, we cloned cDNAs of silkworm (Bombyx mori) nerve Na+/K+-ATPase α and β subunits, and analyzed the deduced amino acid sequences. The molecular masses of the α and β subunits were presumed to be 111.5 kDa with ten transmembrane segments and 37.7 kDa with a single transmembrane segment, respectively. The α subunit showed 75% identity and 93% homology with the pig Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunit. On the other hand, the amino acid identity of the β subunit with mammalian counterparts was as low as 30%. Cloned α and β cDNAs were co-expressed in cultured silkworm ovary-derived cells, BM-N cells, which lack endogenous Na+/K+-ATPase. Na+/K+-ATPase expressed in the cultured cells showed a low affinity for K+ and a high affinity for Na+, characteristic of the silkworm nerve Na+/K+-ATPase. These results suggest that the β subunit is responsible for the affinity for K+ of Na+/K+-ATPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Homareda
- Department of Chemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Otsu
- Department of Chemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Ushimaru
- Department of Chemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ito
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Nishikamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 144-8535, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukutomi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Taeho Jo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yukichi Hara
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The sodium and potassium gradients across the plasma membrane are used by animal cells for numerous processes, and the range of demands requires that the responsible ion pump, the Na,K-ATPase, can be fine-tuned to the different cellular needs. Therefore, several isoforms are expressed of each of the three subunits that make a Na,K-ATPase, the alpha, beta and FXYD subunits. This review summarizes the various roles and expression patterns of the Na,K-ATPase subunit isoforms and maps the sequence variations to compare the differences structurally. Mutations in the Na,K-ATPase genes encoding alpha subunit isoforms have severe physiological consequences, causing very distinct, often neurological diseases. The differences in the pathophysiological effects of mutations further underline how the kinetic parameters, regulation and proteomic interactions of the Na,K-ATPase isoforms are optimized for the individual cellular needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Clausen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Florian Hilbers
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Hanne Poulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang CW, Chang HY, Hsu HY, Lee YZ, Chang HS, Chen IS, Lee SJ. Identification of anti-viral activity of the cardenolides, Na +/K +-ATPase inhibitors, against porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 332:129-137. [PMID: 28438630 PMCID: PMC7103123 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of naturally occurring cardenolides that exhibit potent anti-transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) activity in swine testicular (ST) cells has been identified. In an immunofluorescence assay, these cardenolides were found to diminish the expressions of TGEV nucleocapsid and spike protein, which was used as an indication for viral replication; block TGEV infection induced apoptosis and cytopathic effects; and impart the same trend of inhibitory activity against Na+/K+-ATPase as for anti-TGEV activity. The viral titer inhibition was found to take place in a dose-dependent manner. Knocking down expression of Na+/K+-ATPase, the cellular receptor of cardenolides, in ST cells was found to significantly impair the susceptibility of ST cells to TGEV infectivity. Thus, we have identified Na+/K+-ATPase as an anti-viral drug target and its antagonists, cardenolides, a novel class of anti- TGEV agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yue-Zhi Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ih-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiow-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|